Green Initiatives: Habitat for Humanity

Romania
Romania Green Building Council Cooperation Plan

Prepared by:
Jasper Boychuk (Project Specialist)
Catalin Gauloiu (Project Specialist)
 Romania Green Building Council - Habitat for Humanity Romania

Table of Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... - 3 -
General Recommendations ......................................................................................... - 3 -
Items for Immediate Deployment ............................................................................... - 3 -
Green Homes Standard Review ...................................................................................... - 5 -
LEED Homes .............................................................................................................. - 7 -
Notes on Site Investigations.......................................................................................... - 15 -
Bragadiru................................................................................................................... - 15 -
Possible Improvements ......................................................................................... - 15 -
Medgidia ................................................................................................................... - 15 -
House Description ................................................................................................. - 15 -
Possible Improvements ......................................................................................... - 15 -

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Introduction
Habitat for Humanity Romania approached the Romania Green Building Council in May
of 2010 about how to proceed with interest received from donors in building green homes
through their programs. RoGBC committed two project specialists; Jasper Boychuk from
Queen’s University in Canada with a broad background in both corporate residential
construction as well as natural materials homes focusing on straw bale and Catalin
Gauloiu a master’s student in building energetics from Bucharest. They engaged in two
site visits and conversations with Chris Fontanesi and Andrei Chirila. A plan involving a
number of action items emerged. These actions would provide a solid shift in a greener
direction and help with reaching the organization’s goal of achieving its mandate while
reducing environmental impact.

General Recommendations
 Design Efficiency – A major component to green construction is detailed design and
project planning. Resources put into design and planning are returned to the
organization in the form of reduced waste and higher performing homes. This is a
fundamental green principle.
 Exploration of alternative materials - While the conventional materials used by Habitat
meet their current mandate current exploration of modernized and optimized
traditional design by the RoGBC will be made available to Habitat as research
progresses. Employing these techniques will increase the number of homes Habitat is
able to build as well as teaching recipients and participants methods of construction
that allow the construction of safe decent homes out of local readily available
materials. The two building systems most ideally suited to habitats need are straw bale
and stabilized earth blocks.

Items for Immediate Deployment

 RoGBC specialists reviewed LEED Homes and gave an estimate of expected rating of
existing Habitat homes based on site visit to Medgidia and conversations with Habitat
personnel. The benefit of the doubt was given to Habitat in many respects but this
should offer readers some idea of how HFHR is performing in comparison to green
home projects in North America. The results are contained within this document.
 Theoretical calculations of energy efficiencies based on software modeling of the
house carried out by RoGBC associates.
 Evaluation of existing home designs by Ermetik with a special emphasis placed on the
comparison of the Casa Buna steel house and the conventional timber frame houses.
Thermal imaging combined with blower door test can be used to validate computer
models and identify areas for improvement in construction process to increase energy
efficiency of structure. Can proceed at Habitats convenience.
 Open source architecture project. From the conversations to date, existing project
dossiers and green architecture goals, RoGBC will work with HFHR to generate a RFP
for improvements to existing designs and the optimization of existing designs to
maximize energy efficiency, materials use and ease of construction. Completed RFP
dossier on website for availability then approach interested groups, publicize and apply
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to Architects for Humanity. Recommend using Google Sketch Up as a platform and

applying for free software licenses. Currently waiting on complete dossiers on basic
home for optimization and input.
 Alternative energy feasibility study. Determine current energy costs and run feasibility
analysis of solar thermal and PV systems. Additionally, the creation of guidelines as to
when the use of these systems is culturally appropriate and when they could be worked
into Habitats financing plan. Currently waiting on energy consumption rates from
Habitat homes to complete.
 Design of straw bale home based on the floor plans of current HFHR single family
homes for future consideration.

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Green Homes Standard Review

Habitat for Humanity Romania (HFHR) has approached the Romania Green Building
Council (RoGBC) to identify ideas that could help them build greener more efficient
homes. Because of recent LEED rated builds done by Habitat in the US and Canada, it
was deemed a useful exercise to review the LEED rating system informally and estimate
the points HFHR’s builds might be able to score. For the purpose of the exercise we
assume that some of the prerequisites that involve documentation might be waived as
they are not completing the LEED process. There is also a significant degree of
uncertainty surrounding standards specific to US markets. Estimates of possible points
scored are based on discussions with Habitat and assumes compliance. Upon review it
was concluded with minor changes and efforts to pursue a rating were LEED homes
available in Romania and not completely changed by introduction into the Romanian
market, the average Habitat Home in Romania could reasonable expect to score
approximately 49.5 points out of 126 placing them at the LEED certified level. While it is
not possible to have them rated at this point hopefully this review will assist in the
greening of Habitat homes by acquainting them with a respected rating tool and some
unofficial advice on how it relates to their projects. Upon review it appears as though it
is well within HFHR’s capabilities to reach silver or even gold levels within LEED
without compromising its operational mandate.

Table of Contents LEED Homes Review

Innovation and Design Process (0/11 points) .......................................................................
1. Integrated Project Planning (0/4 points) .............................................................
2. Durability Management Process (0/3 points) .....................................................
3. Innovative or Regional Design (0/4 points) .......................................................
Locations and Linkages (16/20 Points).............................................................................
1. LEED for Neighborhood Development (6/10 points) ........................................
2. Site Selection (2/2 points)...................................................................................
3. Preferred Locations (3/3 points) .........................................................................
4. Existing Infrastructure (1/1 points).....................................................................
5. Community Resources/Transit (3/3 points) ........................................................
6. Access to Open Space (1/1 points) .....................................................................
Sustainable Sites (12/22 points) ........................................................................................
1. Site Stewardship (1/1 points) ..............................................................................
2. Landscaping (0/7 points) ....................................................................................
3. Local Heat Island Effects (1/1) ...........................................................................
4. Surface Water Management (5/7).......................................................................
5. Nontoxic Pest Control (2/2) ................................................................................
6. Compact Development (3/4 points) ....................................................................
Water Efficency (7/15 points) ...........................................................................................
1. Water Reuse (1/5 points) ....................................................................................
2. Irrigation System (0/4 points) .............................................................................
3. Indoor Water Use (6/6 points) ............................................................................

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Energy & Atmosphere (6.5/38 points) ..............................................................................

2. Insulation (0/2 points) .........................................................................................
3. Air Infiltration (?/3) ............................................................................................
4. Windows (?/3) ....................................................................................................
5. Heating and Cooling Distribution Systems (0/3 points) .....................................
6. Space Heating and Cooling Equipment (0/4 points) ..........................................
7. Water Heating (3/6 points) .................................................................................
8. Lighting (0.5/3 points) ........................................................................................
9. Appliances (3/3 points) .......................................................................................
10. Renewable Energy (0/10 points) ........................................................................
11. Residential Refrigerant Management (0/1 points) ..............................................
Materials and Resources (8/16 points) ..................................................................................
1. Material-Efficient Framing (3/5 points) .............................................................
2. Environmentally Preferable Products (2?/8 points)............................................
3. Waste Management (3/3 points) .........................................................................
Indoor Environmental Quality (0/21 points).........................................................................
2. Combustion Venting (0/2 points) .......................................................................
3. Moisture Control ( 0/1 point)..............................................................................
4. Outdoor Air Ventilation (0/3 points) ..................................................................
5. Local Exhaust (0/2 points) ..................................................................................
6. Distribution of Space Heating and Cooling (0/3) ...............................................
7. Air Filtering (0/2 points).....................................................................................
8. Radon Resistant Construction (?/2 points) .........................................................
Awareness and Education (0/3 points) .............................................................................
1. Education of the Home Owner or Tenant (0/2 points) ............................... - 14 -
2. Education of Building Manager (0/1 points) .............................................. - 14 -

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LEED Homes

Innovation and Design Process (0/11 points)

This section has achievable points if you follow their design and planning models.

1. Integrated Project Planning (0/4 points)

This section is well within reach of the organization and can be done with volunteer
professionals.

Prerequisite
1.1. Preliminary Rating – Try and rate it based on what you intend to happen. Not
done
Credits
1.2. Integrated Project Team (1 point) – Create a combined team of all design
professionals as well as builder and create design that holistically incorporates all
elements. Not done
1.3. Professional Credentialed with Respect to LEED for Homes (1 point) – Not
done
1.4. Design Charette (1 point)- Preliminary design workshop. Not done
1.5. Building Orientation for Solar Design (1 point) – Not considered

2. Durability Management Process (0/3 points)

This is a quick checklist on durability and moisture resistance of home, the prerequisite is
within reach the third party verification is currently unavailable but a group could be
found to serve this purpose. RoGBC could provide an expert for example.

Prerequisite
2.1. Durability Planning – Not done
2.2. Durability Management – Not done
Credits
2.3. Third-Party Management Verification (3 points) – Verification of by a LEED
Homes green rater, not currently available in Romania but another third party
would serve same purpose.

3. Innovative or Regional Design (0/4 points)

This section gets you points for doing something innovative, for each innovation you
document you get a point.

Credits
3.1. Innovation 1 (1 point) – Not considered
3.2. Innovation 2 (1 point) – Not considered

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3.3. Innovation 3 (1 point) – Not considered

3.4. Innovation 4 (1 point) – Not considered

Locations and Linkages (16/20 Points)

This is a section that I think Habitat considers in its effort to help as many families as
possible. Where Habitat falls short, in what I have seen is a lack of consideration for sites
that are easily accessible to public transit.

1. LEED for Neighborhood Development (6/10 points)

New pilot project were you get points for encouraging healthy communities, points for
community gardens (encouraging local food production), making communities more
walkable. What I would purpose for a local version is exactly the type of thing Habitat
does already when they advocate on behalf of communities to have power, water and
sanitation hooked up to marginalized communities. I think this part of the rating tool is
not well adapted to Habitats target communities, the intent of the credit however is to
improve the health of the people living in the communities which I think Habitat
definitely did in the case of the Medgidia build.

2. Site Selection (2/2 points)

These points are for not building on flood plains, destroying habitat of threatened or
endangered species, giving wide berth to wetlands, not eliminating public parkland
without replacing and equal area. From what we have observed Habitat has shown good
practices in this department, although reconstruction efforts on flood plains might hurt
this score.

3. Preferred Locations (3/3 points)

3.1. Edge Development – Selecting lots that at least 25% of the lot borders on
previously developed land. (1 point) – Done
OR
3.2. Infill – Selecting a lot that has 75% of the perimeter that borders previously
developed land. (2 points) – Done
AND/OR
3.3. Previously developed – get an extra point if the land already was developed.
(1 point) – Looked like it.

4. Existing Infrastructure (1/1 points)

One point for building on a site that has existing infrastructure is the lot within a half mile
of existing water and sewage systems.

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5. Community Resources/Transit (3/3 points)

This section gives you points for being close to community resources (ei, Bank, stores,
libraries, restaurants, etc). The number of points is based on the number of resources but
also the distance. So it’s either a smaller number of resources within a quarter mile or a
larger number within a half mile. There is a third qualifier, that if you are within a certain
distance of a mass transit service that give a certain number of rides a day you can also
get that level of credits. The three levels are basic, extensive and outstanding. You get a
point each step up the ladder. Medgidia site was near a major bus route that Habitat
estimates has outstanding level transit service.

6. Access to Open Space (1/1 points)

This credit specifies distances and areas of open space which must have grass, shrubs or
trees on it to qualify. The idea is promote access to outdoors.

Sustainable Sites (12/22 points)

1. Site Stewardship (1/1 points)
Prerequisites
1.1. Erosion Controls During Construction – Make sure any earth excavated isn’t
washed away during rains, stockpile soils for reuse.
Credits
1.2. Minimize Disturbed Area of Site – (1 point) – Create no- disturbance zones on
the site were plants are left undisturbed, create a tree protection and preservation
plan and implement it. Alternatively build on lots less than 575 m2 which most
HFHR site should qualify.

2. Landscaping (0/7 points)

This is an easy 7 points if HFFR would consider doing some landscaping on their
projects. Points for local plants, drought resistance, reduced irrigation demand and
limited turf.

3. Local Heat Island Effects (1/1)

One point for making sure 50% of heat adsorbing surfaces, sidewalks, driveways patios
around home are shaded or are made from a reflective non-adsorbing material. No
driveways walkways or patios, with a little ground cover shouldn’t be a problem.

4. Surface Water Management (5/7)

Credits
4.1. Permeable Lot (3/4 points) – As typical lots are not paved this is easy point
for Habitat, that being said clay rich soils with low percolation rates will still
allow significant run off an erosion. This is where landscaping come in again.
Erosion is not only bad for rivers and waterways but can have structural
ramifications if it’s near the foundations.

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4.2. Permanent Erosion Controls (0/1 points) – Terracing, retaining walls to reduce
run- off on slopes or planting a specified number of trees, shrubs or native
ground cover. Not Considered.
4.3. Management of Runoff from Roof (1/2 points) – A rainwater water collection
system will get you these points as will landscape solutions. For full points get a
landscape designer or engineer to design a system that makes sure all roof runoff
is dealt with on site.

5. Nontoxic Pest Control (2/2)

You get a half point for each of a list of design features that make it harder for pests to
get into structure. Habitat has many of these already included in design.

6. Compact Development (3/4 points)

Credits
6.1. Moderate Density (0/2 points) – One home per 574 m2 lot space.
6.2. High Density (3/3 points) – One home per 404 m2 lot space.
6.3. Very High Density (0/4 points) – One home per 202 m2 lot space.

Water Efficiency (7/15 points)

1. Water Reuse (1/5 points)
1.1. Rainwater Harvesting System (1/4 points) – Can be for irrigation purposes or
drinking water. Can be as simple as rain barrels or as complex as a drinking
water purification system. LEED offers detailed table on how many points you
get based on system extent.
AND/OR
1.2. Greywater Reuse System (1 point) – Use greywater to water plants and get a
point.
OR
1.3. Use of Municipal Recycled Water System (3 points) – Same principle as
above but applied on a community scale.

2. Irrigation System (0/4 points)

This is not ideally suited to HFHR projects but Habitat could get easy points for if they
got involved in landscaping.
2.1. High-Efficiency Irrigation System (0/3 points) – Not considered
AND/OR
2.2. Third Party Inspection (0/1) – Not considered
OR
2.3. Reduce Overall Irrigation Demand by at Least 45% (4 points) - Not
considered

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3. Indoor Water Use (6/6 points)

Install low flow faucets and showerheads. Specifications for what this means are in the
LEED guidelines. Habitat does this already for economy reasons full points.

Energy & Atmosphere (6.5/38 points)

Two possible paths one makes use of the Energy Star rating system which is available in
the US. In Romania going point by point a similar rating can be worked out using the
alternate evaluation path.

1. Optimize Energy Performance (?/34 points)

LEED homes employs Energy Star rating for homes that it correlates to a number of
points, this is one of two pathways in this section and is ignored for our purposes.

2. Insulation (0/2 points)

Prerequisites
2.1. Basic Insulation – Based on minimum R-values of insulation assemble based
on International Energy Conservation Code varies based on climate. This
standard was unavailable to us so we looked up minimum value for wall
insulation in Romania which is R=1.81, we estimated the wall assembly at
R=3.44 which means they are performing at 180% of national standard.
Unfortunately the insulation separating the attic from the house was not as
robust.
Credits
2.2. Enhanced Insulation (2 points)– 5% above base.

3. Air Infiltration (?/3)

LEED gives guidelines for air leakage rates in a blower door rest that give you Reduced,
Greatly Reduced or Minimal Envelope Leakage levels. When Ermetik evaluates the
existing homes they will be able to give us a figure for these values.

4. Windows (?/3)
LEED gives very specific U factors in metric units for 4 different climate zones in the
US, match a zone to the specific Romanian micro climate to determine how many points
you get. We would require U values for windows installed to evaluate this.

5. Heating and Cooling Distribution Systems (0/3 points)

LEED gives specific guidelines on thermal performance of both Forced-Air Systems and
Hot Water systems. Minimum insulation around distribution pipes or ducts as well as the
absence of thermal bridges gets you your points here. Medgidia site this does not apply
but for larger houses with central heating this would could be important.

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6. Space Heating and Cooling Equipment (0/4 points)

Gives tables of minimum efficiencies of furnaces and air conditioners. Woodstoves used
won’t get Habitat any points here.

7. Water Heating (3/6 points)

Points for efficient distribution design, pipe insulation and efficient water heaters. Short
pipe lengths due to small house designs should lead to points for Habitat. Insulating hot
water pipes is another easy point. On demand heaters are generally pretty efficient but
units’ performance should be compared to table in LEED. Solar hot water heating scores
very high.

8. Lighting (0.5/3 points)

Install compact fluorescents for half a point, motion sensors or solar panels on exterior
lights to get another point and Advanced Lighting Package for 3 points, using only
energy star rated fixtures in at least 60% of the house. It’s hard to tell how Habitat does
here it’s possible the fixtures meet the requirements as the standards for electrical
efficiency in new installations in the EU are pretty high.

9. Appliances (3/3 points)

Points for energy efficient refrigerators, fans, washing machines and another point for an
water efficient washing machine. They use the Energy Star system, similar European
program has higher standards we assume compliance.

10. Renewable Energy (0/10 points)

Up to ten points based on the percentage of homes energy requirements met by power
generation on site. Points for solar panels, micro hydro, wind etc.

11. Residential Refrigerant Management (0/1 points)

No points here for Habitat unless large AC systems are in the works.

Materials and Resources (8/16 points)

1. Material-Efficient Framing (3/5 points)
Prerequisites
1.1. Framing Order Waste Factor Limit – The waste factor (cost of wasted material
divided by total material cost) must be less than 10%.
Credits
1.2. Detailed Framing Documents – (1/1 point) – Must review Habitat dossier to
confirm.
1.3. Detailed Cut List and Lumber order (1/1 point) – Must review Habitat dossier
to confirm.
AND/OR
1.4. Framing Efficiencies (1/3 points) – List in table form in LEED that specifies
how to gain these points, increase stud spacing beyond 16”, two stud corners etc.
Unable to confirm at this point.

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OR
1.5. Off –Site Fabrication (0/4 points) – Build walls and roof trusses offsite.

2. Environmentally Preferable Products (2/8 points)

Prerequisite
2.1. FSC Certified Tropical Wood – Not an issue for HFHR
Credits
2.2. Environmentally Preferable Products (2/8 points) – LEED give a table that
gives 0.5 points based on 3 different qualifications for each material used. First,
is the component green (ei for concrete does it contain 30% fly ash, is the wood
FSC). Second, is the product a certified low emission material (ei. Does it off gas
VOCs). Third, was it harvested, processed and manufactured within 500 miles of
the build. A material meets any one of these three gets a half point. We gave
Habitat 2 points for Local Materials but more information is needed to get a
better idea of how this section might score.

3. Waste Management (3/3 points)

Prerequisites
3.1. Construction Waste Management Planning – Two specific tasks involving the
documentation and investigation of waste streams. We ignore this prerequisite as
it is well within reach but is not being done simple because they are not being
evaluated by LEED formally.
Credits
3.2. Construction Waste Reduction (3/3 points) – Two ways to get points here,
first reduce waste (measured in pounds per square foot) below 3. Or increase
waste diverted from landfills by 25%. These should be pretty easy for Habitat.
Half a point for meeting these then a sliding scale as you improve beyond them.

Indoor Environmental Quality (0/21 points)

This category has two pathways for rating one involved using Energy Star but the other
gives details on how to get points without third party help so for our purposes the second
pathway will be explored only.

1. ENERGY STAR with Indoor Air Package (0/13 points)

This is a pathway that doesn’t work without the US third party so we will ignore this path
way.

2. Combustion Venting (0/2 points)

To qualify for these points you must install carbon monoxide detectors, and make sure
that hot water heaters or furnaces that run on gas have sealed exhaust and intake from the
outdoors. These are good practices. To get points there is a table of wood stove
specifications that must be met, automatic 2 points if there is no woodstove.

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3. Moisture Control ( 0/1 point)

One point for an HVAC or Dehumidifier that keeps humidity below 60%. Not always a
necessary credit.

4. Outdoor Air Ventilation (0/3 points)

Gives air flow rates for homes based on floor area and number of bedrooms. There a
number of prerequisites that requires consulting to HVAC engineer. Credits for
installation of heat recovery system for good ventilation in the winter. Further points for
third party testing. Not Considered

5. Local Exhaust (0/2 points)

This category should be more heavily weighted in our opinion improper venting in winter
time can cause significant decrease in indoor air quality. This will increase the lifespan of
the home if done properly.
Prerequisites
5.1. Basic Exhaust Systems – Meet minimum levels of ventilation for bathrooms
and kitchens. Not Considered.
Credits
5.2. Enhanced Local Exhaust (0/1 point) – Not considered
5.3. Third Part Performance Testing (0/1 point) – Not considered

6. Distribution of Space Heating and Cooling (0/3)

Applies to hot water or forced air heating and cooling systems prerequisite for room by
room heating and cooling load calculations. Points earned by ensuring return air flow,
third party performance tests. Room by room controls, decentralized thermostat control
the more regions the more efficient the system.

7. Air Filtering (0/2 points)

Not applicable to current designs.

8. Radon Resistant Construction (?/2 points)

Uncertain how this applies to Romania.

Awareness and Education (0/3 points)

1. Education of the Home Owner or Tenant (0/2 points)
Give a package and an explanation on all the green features and operation manuals
needed for the home. Habitat already does a significant amount of education of its
recipients this could be easily incorporated into existing activities.

2. Education of Building Manager (0/1 points)

Same thing for building manager.

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Notes on Site Investigations

The two site investigations conducted by RoGBC project specialists identified various
issues and successes.

Bragadiru
The first visit was to a special project build just outside of Bucharest that was done as
part of a partnership between HFHR and the Vodafone foundation. It was an eight person
residence designed for the NGO Motivation which works to provide services to people
with mental and physical disabilities.

Possible Improvements

 Efficient timber design – structural design was wasteful of materials, excessive bolts
and steel plates, lumber at much larger dimensions then required for loading. Floor
joists were used in poor orientation and were excessive in size.
 Passive solar and ventilation design consideration. Orientation of home, placement of
windows, shading to optimize passive heating and cooling. Investment in design of
these elements will improve energy efficiency for lifetime of building.

Medgidia
The home visited lay on the outskirts of down. It was a more typical build for HFHR and
reflected a typical North American housing system.

House Description

 Walls - gypsum, fiber-glass insulation, OSB, expanded polystyrene and stucco

 Structure - 2x4 timber frame
 Windows - argon filled double paned PVC
 Foundation – Concrete on gravel ballast
 Roofing – Ceramic tiles, non-insulated attic space fiberglass insulation below attic
floor decking
 Heating – wood stove
 Flooring – Extruded polystyrene under laminate flooring

This system is a highly engineered and efficient use of materials would score high on a
LEED rating system due to its insulation, small floor space, modest energy consumptions
and small lot size.

Possible Improvements
 Wood stoves which are intended for installation are discouraged by LEED for the
inefficient combustion and air pollution, adobe floors with radiant solar heating could
be made to work.

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 LEED requires low VOC levels in OSB, polystyrene, laminate flooring and Teflon
paint review of products tech sheets and comparison to VOC limits guide line could
identify if there is a problem
 Given the lack of sewer hookup composting toilets and grey water gardens would be
the most efficient and greenest ways to dispose of waste water
 Thermal solar would be ideal for this location and situation
 Improve insulation to attic, upon inspection several locations were there were gaps in
the insulation were observed.
 Roof pitch was very high resulting in a great deal of material going into an unlivable
attic.
 Not consideration to passive solar design or solar orientation.
 Possible issues with inadequate ventilation for winter months, affordable heat
exchanger could mean ventilation without loss of heat.
 Insufficient exhaust for kitchen
 No carbon monoxide detector
 Insufficient shading around house for livable exterior areas in summer.

Contact Details
Jasper Boychuk – jasper.boychuk@RoGBC.org

Catalin Gauloiu – catalin.gauloiu@RoGBC.org

www.rogbc.org

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