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Learning outcomes: L.

O4 AS 3
Learning content: six kinds of nutrient
• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Vitamins
• Proteins
• Minerals
• Water

Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates provide us with energy and also help with digestion. The main
carbohydrates are sugar, starch and fiber. The body cells use sugar and starch for
energy. Fiber helps food and wastes to move through the digestive system, is very
important for elimination of solid wastes.

Several kinds of sugar are found in foods. Such foods are candies, cakes and table
sugar. Other kinds of sugar are found in milk, honey, fruit and fruit juice. Carrots
and some other vegetables also have sugar. Most plants store their food as starch.
This starch is in their roots, stems, or seeds. When eating these parts of plants gives
the body starch. Foods that have starch are corn, peas and potatoes. Grains such as
wheat and oats also have starch. Vegetables and fruit skins have fiber. Bread and
cereals also have fiber. Whole grain breads and cereals are those made from whole
kernels. They have more fiber than breads and cereals made from only parts, of
kernel.

Vegetables
Fats
Fats provide energy. Fats provide twice as much energy then carbohydrates. Fats
help some food to taste.
Foods that have fats are meat, butter, meat, eggs and milk.
Proteins
Proteins help the body to build new cells. Proteins also help in repairing cells. They
can be used as energy.
They are made of smaller parts called amino acids. Some of these are called
essential amino. They provided by proteins in foods you eat. Foods from animals
have proteins with all the essential amino acids. Foods from plants have only certain
amino acids. These foods are grains, fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Eating one of these
foods cannot provide all the essential amino acids.
Vitamins
Vitamins do not provide energy or build up new body cells. Instead vitamins
regulate many body processes.
Your body to work properly needs every vitamin. Some vitamins need water to
carry them in your body. These vitamins are called water soluble. Vitamin C is one
of the water soluble. They needed for healthy gums and teeth.
Other vitamins are carried by fats.
Minerals
Body needs small amount of many different minerals. They help to regulate body
processes. They also provide
Materials for building new cells
Mineral calcium is needed for rapid growth. Minerals help to build, maintain teeth
and bones. It is found in milk and green leafy vegetable. Iron is part of red blood
cells. We can get iron from liver, red meat and nuts.
Water
Water helps cells to carry out its jobs. Water is large part of body fluids including
blood. We get water from beverages, soup as well as plain water.

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