This document presents a proof that P ≠ NP, the complexity classes of problems that can be solved in polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine and non-deterministic polynomial time, respectively, are separate. It does this by showing that polynomial time algorithms, which can be described by fixed point logic, cannot solve NP-complete problems like k-SAT in their computationally hard phases as characterized by statistical physics. Specifically, it constructs a graphical model to represent the information flows of fixed point logic computations on random k-SAT instances, and uses properties of these instances to show the model cannot generate solutions with the extensive long-range correlations seen in hard phases, implying P ≠ NP.
Original Description:
(Source: HP Research Labs) Longstanding math problem is solved (August 2010)
This document presents a proof that P ≠ NP, the complexity classes of problems that can be solved in polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine and non-deterministic polynomial time, …