PSYCHOLOGY

Psychology is a science, an academic, and applied

discipline that involves the scientific study of
human or animal mental functions and behaviors. In
this field, a professional practitioner or
researcher is called a psychologist. Psychologists
are classified as social or behavioral scientists.
Psychologists attempt to understand the role of
mental functions individual and social behavior,
while also exploring underlying psychological and
neurological processes.
 Fields of
Specialization
in Psychology
 CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Clinical psychologists assess and treat people with
psychological problems. They may act as therapists
for people experiencing normal psychological crises
(e.g., grief) or for individuals suffering from chronic
psychiatric disorders. Some clinical psychologists are
generalists who work with a wide variety of
populations, while others work with specific groups
like children, the elderly, or those with specific
disorders (e.g., schizophrenia). They are trained in
universities or professional schools of psychology.
They may be found working in academic settings,
hospitals, community health centers, or private
practice.
 NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
These psychologists are concerned with
brain/behavior relationships. They may be
involved in clinical work, in the assessment of
brain-damaged patients, or in research, such as
attempts to relate cognitive activity to brain
activity as seen in brain scans.
 Counseling psychologists do many of the same things that
clinical psychologists do. However, counseling psychologists
tend to focus more on persons with adjustment problems
rather than on persons suffering from severe psychological
disorders.
Counseling psychologists usually help those with milder
problems of social and emotional adjustments. Some
counseling psychologists specialize in marriage and family life.
They help normally adjust people with tasks as setting
vocational goals. Counseling psychologists are concerned with
administration and interpretation of psychological tests,
interviewing and observing those who come from help and
offering practical suggestions for resolving the problem that
brought the counselee in.
EDUCATIONAL AND SCHOOL
PSYCHOLOGY
Educational psychologists are concerned with all
psychological aspects of the learning process, factors
affecting student’s performance in the classroom, IQ,
personality, rewards and punishments, teacher’s
expectations and student-teacher reaction.
School psychology is strictly on applied field. School
psychologists are involved in training teachers to deal
better with difficulty students, in counseling such
students and their parents, in administrating
standardized tests and interpreting the results and in
assessing students’ learning difficulties.
INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY
Industrial psychologists focus on making the workplace
more fulfilling and more productive for both workers and
their employers. These personnel specialists develop
procedures for matching the job to the worker; for training
workers; for evaluating internal organization; for examining
issues related to effective supervision , communication and
employee morale. The application of psychology to
workplace and work-related problems. Personnel
psychology, another field, is concerned with hiring,
assigning and promoting employees.
EXPERIMENTAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL
PSYCHOLOGY
Experimental psychologists study basic psychological
processes as sensation, perception, learning, memory,
cognition, motivation and emotion. They work mostly
in laboratory and use controlled experiments.
Physiological psychologists study the underlying
biological basis of behavior. They study the nervous
system and endocrine system. There is close
relationship between experimental and physiological
psychology because of their memory study.
 PSYCHOMETRICS
Psychometrics is the field of study concerned with the theory
and technique of educational and psychological
measurement, which includes the measurement of
knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits. The
field is primarily concerned with the construction and
validation of measurement instruments, such as
questionnaires, tests, and personality assessments.
Psychometric psychologists design psychological tests by
identifying the characteristics they want to measure,
developing test items and constructing tests considered to be
valid, reliable and standardized. They use statistical methods
to interpret the scores in the tests.
 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Social psychologists study how our beliefs,
feelings, and behaviors are affected by other
persons. They study the way we affect and are
influenced by other people, both in groups and
in intimate relationships. They have shown
that our behavior is not just the result of our
personalities and predispositions but
environmental factors such as the presence of
others greatly influence what we think, say and
do.
 PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY

Personality psychologists explore individual

differences in behavior. They measure and
describe personality through interviews and
designed tests. They formulate theories
about personality development.
 DEVELOPMENTAL
PSYCHOLOGY
Developmental psychologists study changes over the life
span. Some concentrate on particular stages of life such as
infancy or senescence. Others concentrate on specific
issues that persist throughout life such as moral
development. They describe, explain predict and try to
modify behavior from birth through old age.
Developmental psychology includes issues such as the
extent to which development occurs through the gradual
accumulation of knowledge versus stage-like
development, or the extent to which children are born
with innate mental structures versus learning
through experience.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
PSYCHOLOGY
Environmental psychologists focus on the relationship
between people and the physical environment they live
in. As such, they are interested in the effects of the
physical environment on a person's behavior and
mental processes. For example, they examine how
environmental stimuli such as noise, temperature, and
weather affect a person's emotions, cognitive
processes, performance, and social interactions; the
effects of the social environment, crowding, personal
space; and the psychological effects of environmental
disasters .
 FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY
Forensic psychologists study of questions and issues
relating to law and the legal system. A forensic
psychologist offers an expert psychological opinion in a
way that it impacts one of the adversarial arenas,
typically the courts. Forensic psychologists evaluate
various areas, such as expert testimony, jury selection,
child testimony, pretrial publicity, repressed memories,
the death penalty, battered woman syndrome, domestic
violence, drug dependence, and sexual disorders.
Although many people think of forensic psychologists as
focusing on criminal matters, this is certainly not always
the case.
 SPORT PSYCHOLOGY
Sports psychologists study the psychological factors
associated with participation and performance in
sport, exercise, and other types of physical activity.
Sport psychologists focus primarily on two areas.
First, they focus on helping athletes use
psychological principles and skills to achieve optimal
mental health and to improve performance. Second,
they 
seek further understanding of how an individuals'
participation in sport, exercise, and physical activity
affects their psychological development, health, and
well-being.
THANK YOU!!!
 Juben L.
Haramel
BSSE – M I – I
Prof. Gabby Delos Santos