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* FARMAKOGNÓZIA *

FELISMERENDŐ KÉPLETEK

Kötelezően „fejből” kell tudni:

Aminosavak, alkaloid alapvázak


COOH

H2N C H
COOH COOH

H2N C H CH2
H2N C H
CH2
CH2
CH2 C O
CH2
SH COOH NH2

cisztein glutaminsav glutamin

COOH
COOH
H2N C H
H2N C H
CH2 COOH
CH2
C O N
CH2
COOH NH2 H

aszparaginsav aszparagin prolin

1
COOH

H2N C H
COOH
CH2
H2N C H COOH

CH3 H2N CH2

fenilalanin alanin glicin

COOH

H2N C H

CH2
CH2 CH COOH CH2 CH COOH
N
NH2
NH2
N N

OH H H

tirozin triptofán hisztidin

COOH

H2N CH

CH2
CH2
COOH O
H CH2
H2N H2N COOH
NH2 NH NH C NH2
2

lizin ornitin citrullin

2
COOH

H2N CH
COOH
CH2
H2N CH
CH2
NH N
CH2 CH2
NH C NH2 CH2 S CH3 H

arginin metionin piperidin

N H N

piridin pirrol pirrolizidin

..
N N
N
H H

pirrolidin indol izokinolin

3
COOH

N NH2

kinolin antranilsav

Fenoloidok, fenolok, flavonoidok

OH O OH O
OH OH

HO O HO HO
O
OH
HO CH CH COOH
OH OH

kvercetin kempferol kávésav

O O O

O O O

kinon antrakinon naftokinon

4
II. Felismerendők

Plantaginis folium – útifű levél

OH O OH O
HO

OH
HO O HO O

OH OH

szkutellarin luteolin

OH O COOH
COOH

HO O
O
CH3
OH OH OH

apigenin vanillinsav para-hidroxi-benzoesav

HO
O
COOH
HO CH CH C
O
COOH

OH HO OH

OH HO

protokatechusav klorogénsav

5
O
O C

HO HO
O
O O
H3C C O CH2 glü O
O HO-H2C
O CH2OH O Glü O Glü

aszperulozid katalpol aukubin

Farfarae folium et flos – martilapu levél és virág


H
OH
O

O O
O O O O

CH3 N OH

szenkirgin tusszilagin

Lini semen – lenmag


H3C CN H3C CN
C C
H3C CH2 O glü
H3C
O β – glükóz

lotausztralin linamarin

6
Echinaceae radix – kasvirág gyökér
OH

O
OH
H HOOC O
N

O O COOH
HO
O

HO

echinacein cikóriasav

CH2OH
HO O

CH HO O
OH
CH CH CH C CH2
O O OH
O
O CH2 CH2 OH
O OH

H3C O

HO
OH OH

echinakozid

7
Oleum ricini - ricinusolaj
O CH3
C N:

OH N O

H3C (CH2)5 CH CH2 CH CH (CH2)7 COOH CH3

ricinolsav ricinin

Visci stipes – fagyöngy kocsány


OCH3
HO

O
CH3 O
CH CH CH2OH
OCH3
O

OH CH3O OCH3
O CH O glü
3

sziringarezinol sziringin

8
+ CH3 + CH3
H3C C O CH2 CH2 N CH3 HO CH2 CH2 N CH3
OH OH
CH3 CH3
O

acetilkolin kolin

COOH

H2N C H
CH2 CH2
N CH2
NH2
N
HO CH2 CH2 NH2
H

hisztamin tiramin fenilalanin

Lavandulae flos – levendula virág

O OH

OH

α-terpineol kámfor borneol

9
OH O C CH3

linalool linalilacetát

Menthae piperitae folium – borsosmenta levél

OH

linalool limonén cineol

10
O O OC CH3 OH O

piperiton mentilacetát mentol menton

Menthae crispae folium – fodormenta levél

OH OH O

karveol dihidrokarveol karvon

Melissae folium – citromfű levél

OH

O H
CH2OH
H C
O

citronellol citronellál citrál linalool

11
CH2OH

geraniol germakrén-D β-kariofillén

Thymi herba - kakukkfű

CH3 CH3 CH3


OH

OH OH
C C C
H3C H CH3 H3C H CH3 H3C H CH3

timol karvakrol p-cimol borneol

OH

CH2OH

OH OH

geraniol linalool terpinén-4-ol α-terpineol

12
Serpylli herba – mezei kakukkfű

α-pinén cineol

HO O

HO CH2 CH C OH

C CH CH OH
O
OH
rozmarinsav

Origani herba – szurokfű

CH3 CH3 CH3


OH

OH
C C C
H3C H CH3 H3C H CH3 H3C H CH3

timol karvakrol p-cimol

13
O

α-tujon limonén α-terpinén

Majoranae herba - majoranna fű

HO

OH OH HO CH CH COOH

α-terpineol terpinén-4-ol szabinén kávésav

HO O

HO CH2 CH C OH

C CH CH OH
O
OH

rozmarinsav

14
COOH COOH

HO HO

urzolsav oleanolsav

Hyssopi herba – izsóp fű


OH O

O
O
O

α-pinén β-pinén kampfén cineol marrubiin

Salviae folium – (orvosi) zsálya levél

OH O
O

tujon cineol borneol kámfor

15
OH
HO O-CH3
O C
O C O O-CH3
CH3
O H3C-O
O OH
O

bornilacetát karnosol salvigenin

Rosmarini folium – rozmaring levél

OH
O HO
C
COOH
O
OH HO

α-pinén limonén rozmanol urzolsav

CH2OH CH3 CH3

HO HO HO

betulin α-amirin β-amirin

16
HO O

HO CH2 CH C OH OH O

O
OH
C CH CH OH HO O
O
OH OH

rozmarinsav luteolin

Rosae petalum – (parlagi) rózsa szirom

O
CH2OH H
CH2OH
C H
O

citronellol nerol citrál citronellal

CH2-CH2OH
CH2OH

geraniol fenetilalkohol

17
Juniperi fructus - boróka termés

O C CH3

terpenilacetát α-pinén β-pinén

Eucalypti folium – eukaliptusz levél

O H CH2OH
H C
O

citronellál citrál geraniol α-fellandrén

CH3

O
C
H3C H CH3

p-cimol α-pinén cineol

18
Carvi fructus - kömény termés

O O

karvon dihidrokarvon limonén szabinén

OH O
OH
OH OH
HO O

OH

karveol dihidrokarveol kempferol

OH O OH O
OH OH

HO O HO O
OH OCH3

OH OH

kvercetin izoramnetin

19
Coriandri fructus – koriander termés

O CH2OH
CH2OH

kámfor citronellol geraniol α-pinén

CH3 OH

C
H3C H CH3

γ-terpinén p-cimol limonén linalool

Aurantii epi- et mesocarpium – narancs (külső+középső) termésfal

H
C
O

limonén α-terpinén citrál

20
OH O

CH2OH
OH O HO O O O
OH
HO
O
OCH3
HO O
H3C O
HO
OH HO OH

naringenin neoheszperidin

Cardamomi fructus – kardamom termés

O
O
OH O C CH3

cineol α-terpineol terpenilacetát limonén

α-terpinén szabinén kámfor

21
Tanaceti herba – (gilisztaűző) varádicsfű

O
O OH

H
tujon umbellulon tujilalkohol

O OH

kámfor borneol kamazulén

Euphrasiae herba - szemvidítófű

HO HO

O O
O HO-H2C
CH2OH O Glü O Glü

katalpol aukubin

22
Valerianae radix - macskagyökér

O C CH3
O O
O
O OH H

bornilacetát valeranon valerénsav valeranal

CH2 O C CH3
H3C
CH CH2 C O
O
H3C CH3
O O
O C CH2 CH

O CH3
valtrát

O
CH3
CH2 O C CH2 CH
CH3
H3C C O
O
CH3
O O
O C CH2 CH

O CH3

izovaltrát

23
Centaurii herba – ezerjófű

O O O O O O

O O H
C

O glü O glü O

genciopikrin sverozid eritrocentaurin

Gentianae radix – tárnicsgyökér

O O

O OH
HO
O

O glü O O-CH3

genciopikrin gentizin

24
Matricariae flos - kamillavirág

OH

O C CH3

OH O O

matricin kamazulén α-bizabolol

OH O

OH HO O

OH

spatulenol farnezén apigenin

OH O

OH
HO O

OH

luteolin

25
Millefolii herba - cickafarkfű

α-pinén β-pinén kampfén cineol

O OH O C CH3

kámfor borneol bornilacetát szabinén

CH3

OH C
H3C H CH3

γ-terpinén terpinén-4-ol p-cimol kamazulén

26
O
OH O
O C CH3

O OH O O HO O

O O OH

achillin matricin apigenin

Absinthi herba – fehér ürömfű

OH
O OH

OH

tujon tujol spatulenol α-bizabolol

OH
OH

O
O
O O
O

linalool cineol abszintin

27
Artemisiae vulgaris herba – fekete ürömfű

O OH
OH HO O
O

kámfor borneol terpinén-4-ol vulgarin

O O
HO
HO
O
O HO O O HO O O

pszilosztachin umbelliferon eszkuletin

28
Cardui benedicti herba - benedekfű
CH3
O
CH CH C COOH
O H
C H
C O
H3C H CH3

p-cimol fenchon citrál fahéjaldehid benzoesav

H3C O
O

O
HO
O C C CH CH2OH

O CH2OH
O CH3
O
CH2 O
O CH3
OH

knicin arctigenin

29
Arnicae flos – árnikavirág

OH

CH3 O
O O

C
OH O H
C C
C CH3
H3C H CH3 CH3

timol árnifolintiglinát α-fellandrén mircén

HO

HO CH CH COOH
HO O O

δ-kadinén kávésav umbelliferon

30
Bardanae radix - bojtorjángyökér

O
O H3C C C C
S S
O H

dehidrokosztuszlakton arctinál

H3C O
O

O
Glü O

O
O CH3

H3C CH CH (C C)4 CH CH2 CH3

trideka-1,11-dién-3,5,7,9-tetrain arctiin

31
Petasitidis folium – acsalapu levél

HO

petazol

Pyrethri flos – rovarporvirág

O
C O
O
CH2 CH CH CH CH2

piretrin

32
Cichorii radix et folium - katánggyökér és –levél

O
O

O
OH O C CH2 OH
CH2OH CH2OH
O O

O O

laktucin laktukopikrin

HO
O

HO CH CH C
O
COOH HO

HO OH

HO Glü O O O

klorogénsav cichoriiin

33
Taraxaci radix et herba - pongyolapitypang gyökér és -fű

OGlü

HO
O
O
O Glü O O O

taraxakolid-β-D-glükozid taraxaszterol

CH2OH O
H O O
H O
C OH H
HO CH2 O H
H OH
O

taraxakozid

Colophonium - hegedűgyanta

HOOC

abietinsav

34
Marrubii herba - pemetefű

OH O

COOH

O
HO
O

marrubiin urzolsav

Saponariae albae radix, Saponariae rubrae radix


- fehér és vörös szappangyökér

COOH
H

HO
CHO

gipszogenin

35
Liquiritiae radix – édesgyökér

O O

HO OH HO O

O O
Glü Glü

izolikviritin likviritin

COOH

O
HO

HO O
HO O O
HO
O

HO COOH

glicirrhizinsav

36
Primulae radix - kankalingyökér

OH
α L-ra1
33
β D
22 D glü1 O
β D-glü1-33βD-gal1
D-gal1

primulasav-A

Hederae helicis folium - borostyánlevél

β-elemén germakrén

COO D-glü--D-glü--L-ra

L-ra L-ara O

hederakozid-B

37
Verbasci flos – ökörfarkkóró virág
HO HO

O O
O HO-H2C
CH2OH O Glü O Glü

katalpol aukubin

OH

CH2OH

ra glü fuk O
CH2OH
glü
verbaszkoszaponin

Veronicae herba – veronikafű


O O

HO C O C O
O O
HO
O O
O O
CH2 CH2
Glü Glü
OH OH

verpozid verinakozid

38
HO

O
O
CH2OH O Glü

katalpol

Betulae folium - nyírlevél


O
OH
H3C C O
OH OH O
O Gal

OH
HO O
H3C C CH2 C O

O O OH

triterpénszaponin-1 hiperozid

Ononidis radix – iglicegyökér


OH

OCH3
O

HO
Glü O O

α-onocerin (=onocol) ononin

39
OCH3
O

HO O

formonetin

Herniariae herba - porcikafű

C O R
HO
O

HO
CH3O O O HO O O COOH

herniarin umbelliferon R=1-β-D-glükóz6-1- β-D-glükóz


= herniariaszaponin I.
R=1-α-L-ramnóz–2-1β-D-glükóz
4-1β-D-glükóz
= herniariaszaponin II.

Solidaginis virgaureae herba – közönséges aranyvesszőfű

OH OH O
O
OH OH

HO HO COOH
O O
OH

OH OH HO

kvercetin kempferol oleanolsav

40
Calendulae flos - körömvirág
OH O
OH

COOH HO O
OH

HO O OH

oleanolsav β-jonon kvercetin

Hippocastani semen, folium, cortex


- vadgesztenye mag, levél, kéreg

O
O C CH3
CH2OH Glü O

HO HO O O

protoeszcigenin eszkulin

41
Ginseng radix - ginzenggyökér

COOH

COOH H
C
O OH O
CH3
OH OH

vanillinsav szalicilsav α-terpineol citrál

OH
OH

HO

limonén protopanaxadiol

Urticae folium et radix – csalánlevél és -gyökér

HO CH2 CH2 NH2


+ CH3
H3C C O CH2 CH2 N CH3 OH
N
CH3
O
H

acetilkolin szerotonin

42
CH2 CH2
N
NH2
N
CH2CH3
H HO HO

hisztamin β-szitoszterol koleszterol

Epilobii herba - füzikefű

OH O OH O
OH OH

HO O HO O
OH
CH2CH3
OH OH HO

kempferol kvercetin β-szitoszterol

Dioscoreae tuber – jamszgyökér gumó


O
F
E
O
C D

A B
HO
dioszgenin

43
Avenae herba – (abrak)zabfű

O
CH2-O- βD-glü
O

ra1-4βD glü O
2

βD-glü1
avenakozid A

OH O

CH2OH CH2OH O-CH3


CH2OH
H O O H O HO O
H H
OHH H OH CH2-O H OH CH2OH
HO O O-R
OH H
H OH OH H O-CH3

kesztóz tricin

44
Kardenolid-bufadienolidok

O O

O O
H
O
C

OH OH
HO HO
OH H

sztrofantidin digitoxigenin

OH
HO

szcillarenin

45
Belladonnae radix, folium, Stramonii folium, Hyosciami folium
- nadragulyagyökér és -levél, maszlaglevél, beléndeklevél

H3C
N

H CH2OH

O C C C6H5

O H

atropin
(L- és D-hioszciamin)

H3C
N

O H
O C C CH2OH

O H

L-szkopolamin

46
Cocae folium – kokalevél

H3C O
N C
O CH3

O C
C6H5
H O

kokain

H3C O
N C
OH
O

O C C6H5

benzoilekgonin

Nicotianae folium - dohánylevél

N N
N
H N CH3 N
N H

anabazin nikotin nornikotin

47
Symphyti radix - (fekete) nadálytő gyökér
H3C CH3
C H

O OH
NH2 N H
HO CH2-O-C C C C CH3
O N N O
O OH H
H
H N

allantoin intermedin

Lobeliae herba – lobéliafű (porhonrojtfű)


OH O

N
CH3

lobelin

Laburni semen – aranyeső mag

NH CH2OH
N N

O N N

citizin laburnin spartein

48
Sarothamni scoparii herba – seprűzanótfű
17
6 N
4
N 11 13
N 10
N 1
O

spartein lupanin

Capsici fructus – paprika termés

OH
O-CH3

CH3
CH2-NH-CO-(CH2)4-CH CH-CH

CH3
kapszaicin

Ephedrae herba - csikófarkfű


H H

C C CH3

OH NH CH3

L-efedrin

49
Papaveris caput – mák tok

HO H3C O
H3C-O

O O O
CH3 CH3
N N-CH3 N
H
HO HO H3C O

morfin kodein tebain

CH3O O
CH2 CH3
O N
N N CH3
CH3 O O CH3 CH2
CH2 CH3O HC O
O
COOH
C O CH3O
O-CH3
O
OCH3 OCH3
OCH3 OCH3 O-CH3

papaverin narkotin narcein

50
Chelidonii herba et radix – fecskefű és –gyökér

O OH O
CH2 CH2
O O
N +N
H3C O H3C O
O C O C
H2 H2

kelidonin szangvinarin

O
CH2
N+
O O
O-CH3

O-CH3 HOOC O COOH

berberin kelidonsav

Fumariae herba - füstikefű


O H3C-O
CH2 CH3 CH3
N N
O H3C-O
O O
O O
CH2 CH2
O O

protopin kriptopin

51
Colchici tuber – kikerics gumó

H H
CH3O CH3O
....N N CH3
CH3O H CH3O H
O
CH3O CH3O

O O

CH3O CH3O

kolchicin demekolcin

Ipecacuanhae radix – ipekakuána gyökér

H3C-O H3C-O

N H3C-O N
H3C-O

O-CH3 O-CH3
HN HN

OH O-CH3

cefaelin emetin

52
Curare - kuráre
H3C-O

CH3
+N
HO N+
H CH3
O
N
CH
HO2HC CH CH2OH

H3C-O H OH N
O
N+
H H3C N+

(+)-tubokurarin C-toxiferin

Secale cornutum – anyarozs

H N
HO O
O N N
CH2C6H5 HO O
C O N CH2
H3C O H3C H
NH C
H CH O
H3C NH
HOOC CH3 O C
C CH3
N CH2OH C H
H H N O
NH CH3
CH3 N
O C CH3
N
H
N .. N N
H : H H

D-lizergsav ergometrin ergotamin ergokrisztin

53
Rauwolfiae radix – rauvolfia (vérnyomáscserje) gyökér

O O-CH3
N H
O C O-CH3
N H H
H O-CH3 O-CH3
H H H
C
O
O-CH3

reszerpin

N H
CH3
N H
N H
H OH
H N O
O C H H
H
O-CH3 H H3COOC

johimbin ajmalicin

Vincae minoris herba – meténgfű

N
N
HO
H3COOC

vinkamin

54
Catharanti rosei herba – rózsameténgfű

N N

N N
H OH H OH
H3COOC H3COOC

N N

H3C-O N OCOCH3 H3C-O N OCOCH3


HO COOCH3 HO COOCH3
H3C OHC

vinblasztin vinkrisztin

Strychni semen – sztrichnin mag


N N
COOCH3

H CH3 O

HO
O O O
H N CH3 O N
H3C
O-glü O O

loganin sztrichnin brucin

55
Chinae cortex - kínafa kéreg

CH CH2 CH CH2

HO HO
N N
CH CH
CH3O

N N

kinin – kinidin cinchonidin – cinchonin

Physostigmae semen – kalabárbab mag

CH3-NH-CO-O CH3

N N

CH3 CH3

fizosztigmin

56
Xantinok

O H O CH3
O
H3C CH3
N H N
N H3C N N
N

O N N O N N O N N
CH3 CH3 CH3

koffein teofillin teobromin

Solani herba - csucsorfű

N
F
E
O
C D

A B
HO

szolaszodin

57
Bursae pastoris herba – pásztortáskafű

+ CH3 + CH3
HO CH2 CH2 N CH3 H3C C O CH2 CH2 N CH3
OH OH
CH3 CH3
O

kolin acetilkolin

HO CH2 CH2 NH2

tiramin

Galegae herba – kecskerutafű


COOH COOH

H2N CH H2N CH

CH2 CH2
CH2 CH2
H NH O
CH2 CH2
H2N H2N COOH NH C NH2 NH C NH2

lizin arginin citrullin

58
NH2 H2N NH
HN C
NH2 NH

guanidin galegin

Phaseoli legumen – babhüvely

COOH

H2N C H COOH

H2N C H
CH2
CH2 CH2
COOH COOH

glutaminsav aszparaginsav

COOH

H2N CH COOH
CH2 H2N CH COOH
CH2
NH CH2 N
CH2
NH C NH2 CH2 S CH3 H

arginin metionin prolin

59
Allii sativi bulbus – fokhagyma
O H O
+
S C +
NH2 S CH2
H2C S
COOH H2C

alliin allicin

Sinapis nigrae semen – fekete mustármag


-
CH2OH N-O-SO3
O S C
OH CH2-CH CH2
OH OH R N C S

szinigrin (alkil)izotiocianát

Filicis maris rhizoma - pajzsika gyökértörzs


O

OH HO HO OH
HO OH

CH2 CH2
O O OH O O

filixsav

60
Lupuli strobulus – komlótoboz

OH OH
OH

O OH O OH

O O

humulon lupulon

OH

humulén kariofillén 2-metil-3-butén-2-ol

Frangulae cortex – kutyabenge kéreg


OH O OH

HO CH3
O

frangulaemodin

61
Rhei rhizoma – rebarbara gyökértörzs

OH O OH OH O OH

COOH CH2OH
O O

rein aloeemodin

OH O OH OH O OH

HO CH3 HO CH3

CH2OH COOH

OH O OH OH O OH

reumemodin-aloeemodin-diantron reumemodin-rein-diantron

OH
CH2OH
O O C OH
OH
O OH
OH OH

glükogallin

62
Sennae folium et fructus – szenna levél és termés
O-glü O OH

COOH
H
H
HOOC

OH O O-glü

szennozid A

Aloe capensis – aloe gyanta

OH O OH

CH2OH
H O
HO
CH2OH

HO OH

aloin

63
Tiliae flos - hársvirág
OH O OH O
O -ra O Glü

HO O HO O
OH OH

OH OH

kvercitrin izokvercitrin

OH O
CH2 O C CH CH OH
O O
OH
OH O
HO
HO O

OH

tilirozid

OH

CH2OH

HO CH CH COOH

p-kumársav geraniol linalool

64
Sambuci flos – bodzavirág
HO
OH O O
O rutinóz HO CH CH C
O
HO COOH
O
OH
HO OH

OH HO

rutin klorogénsav

N C
CH2OH
O O C CH3

OH
H
OH OH HO

szambunigrin α-amirin

CH2CH3 CH2CH3

HO HO

β-szitoszterol sztigmaszterol

65
Crataegi folium cum flore (=summitas) – galagonya ágvég

OH O OH O

OH
HO O HO O
O O
OH HO OH
HO
CH2OH CH2OH

HO OH HO OH

vitexin orientin

OH O
O Gal

OH
HO O

OH

hiperozid
OH
OH

OH
HO O
OH
OH
OH OH
OH

OH OH
HO O HO O

OH OH

epikatechin dimér-procianidin

66
COOH COOH

HO HO

urzolsav oleanolsav

HO
O

HO CH CH C
O
COOH

HO OH

HO

klorogénsav

CH2-CH2-NH2 HO CH2 CH2 NH2

fenetilamin tiramin

67
Equiseti herba – zsurlófű

N
O
N
N
OH
H
H

palusztrin

Ginkgo bilobae folium – ginkgó (páfrányfenyő) levél

OH O H3C OH O O
O O
OH O
HO O O OH
O
CH3
OH
H C
H3C O O
H CH3
O-CH3
H H CH3

ginkgetin ginkgolid A

68
Hyperici herba – orbáncfű

OH O OH

O OH
OH O
HO CH3
O Gal
HO CH3
O O OH
HO O

OH O OH OH

hipericin hiperforin hiperozid

Stoechados flos – szalmagyopár virág


OH O

HO
HO O

OH HO O O HO O O

apigenin umbelliferon eszkuletin

H3C-O

HO O O

szkopoletin

69
Silybi mariae fructus – máriatövis termés

OH O
OH O
OH OH
O CH2OH
HO O
O-CH3
O
O HO O O-CH3

OH O CH2OH

sziliandrin szilibin

Ribis nigri folium – (fekete) ribiszke levél

OH O OH O OH O
OH
OH OH
HO O HO O HO
OH O
OH
OH
OH OH OH

miricetin kvercetin kempferol

70
Galla, Quercus cortex – tölgykéreg
COOH

O
HO O C
OH

O
COOH HO O C
OH
OH
CH2OH
O O C OH
HO OH OH HO OH
O OH
OH OH OH OH

galluszsav glükogallin m-trigalluszsav

OH OH
HO OH HO O O
COOH C

COOH C O
HO OH O OH
OH OH

hexaoxidifénsav ellágsav

71
Tormentillae rhizoma – vérontófű gyökértörzs

OH OH
O
OH COOH
OH
O C OH

OH HO O OH
HO O OH
HO OH
OH OH OH

katechin-gallát katechin galluszsav

Anserinae herba – libapimpófű

OH
HO O O
C

C O
O OH
OH

ellágsav

72
Gei radix et rhizoma – gyömbérgyökér és gyökértörzs

COOH CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH CH2

OH O-CH3 O-CH3
OH OH O-glü-ra

protokatechusav eugenol gein

Agrimoniae herba – párlófű


OH
OH

HO O OH

OH

katechin

73
Fragariae folium – szederlevél
OH OH
OH

OH
HO O OH

OH COOCH3

leukocianidin metilszalicilát

OH

O
O C
H

furfural = furfurol linalool

Myrtilli folium et fructus – (fekete) áfonyalevél és termés


O
O

O
H3C C OH2C OH
O
O CH2OH
O OH
HO

aszperulozid

74
Podophylli rhizoma – (amerikai) tojásbogyó gyökértörzs

OH

O
O
O
O

H3C-O O-CH3
O-CH3

podofillotoxin

Meliloti herba – somkórófű

COOH

O-glü O O

melilotozid melilotin

75
Angelicae radix – angyalgyökér
O-CH3

O O O
O CH3 O O O

xantotoxin bergaptén

Ammeos visnagae fructus – fogpiszkálófű termés

OH
H3C-O O

O O CH3

linalool visznagin

Ammi majoris fructus – ammi termés


H3C-O

O O O
O-CH3

izopimpinellin

76
Levistici radix – lestyángyökér

O O O

pszoralén

Apii fructus – zeller termés

H3C-O

HO O O

apigravin

Juglandis folium – diólevél


O

O O
H

juglon

77
Droserae herba – harmatfű
O
CH3

OH O

plumbagin

Lawsoniae (Hennae) folium – hennalevél


O
OH

2-hidroxi-naftokinon (=lawson)

Cinnamomi cortex – fahéjfa kéreg


H COOH
C C
H

fahéjsav

78
Anisi vulgaris fructus – (közönséges) ánizstermés
OCH
3

CHO H3C-O

ánizsaldehid t-anetol

Caryophylli flos – szegfűszeg virág


CH2 CH CH2

O-CH3
OH

eugenol

Foeniculi fructus – édeskömény termés

H3C-O H3C-O

metilkavikol t-anetol

79
Asari rhizoma – kapotnyak gyökértörzs
O-CH3

H3C-O
O-CH3

t-azaron

Calami rhizoma – kálmos gyökértörzs


O-CH3

H3C-O
O-CH3

β-azaron

Balsamum peruvianum – perubalzsam


O O
CHO
CH CH C C O-CH3
O-CH3

O-CH3
OH

metilcinnamát metilbenzoát vanillin

80
Spireae flos – réti legyezőfű virág
CHO
OH

szalicilaldehid

Uvae ursi folium – medveszőlő levél


OH

O CH2OH
O
OH
HO OH

arbutin

Salicis cortex – fűzfa kéreg

O C6H11O5

CH2OH

szalicin

81
Cannabis herba – kenderfű

OH

O C5H11

THC (tetrahidrokannabinol)

82
Növényi hatóanyagok névmutatója
2-hidroxi-naftokinon (lawson) ..............................................................................78
2-metil-3-butén-2-ol..............................................................................................61..
Abietinsav.............................................................................................................34
Abszintin ..............................................................................................................27
Acetilkolin ....................................................................................................9,42,58
Achillin.................................................................................................................27
Ajmalicin ..............................................................................................................54
Alanin .....................................................................................................................2
Alfa(α)-amirin..................................................................................................16,65
Alfa(α)-bizabolol .............................................................................................25,27
Alfa(α)-fellandrén ............................................................................................18,30
Alfa(α)-onocerin (onocol).....................................................................................39
Alfa(α)-pinén ............................................................................... 13,15,16,18,20,26
Alfa(α)-terpinén .......................................................................................... 14,20,21
Alfa(α)-terpineol................................................................................. 9,12,14,21,42
Alfa(α)-tujon.........................................................................................................14
Alkil-izotiocianát ..................................................................................................60
Allantoin...............................................................................................................48
Allicin...................................................................................................................60
Alliin ....................................................................................................................60
Aloeemodin ..........................................................................................................62
Aloin.....................................................................................................................63
Anabazin...............................................................................................................47
Ánizsaldehid .........................................................................................................79
Antrakinon..............................................................................................................4
Antranilsav .............................................................................................................4
Apigenin .................................................................................................. 5,25,27,69
Apigravin..............................................................................................................77
Arbutin .................................................................................................................81
Arctigenin.............................................................................................................29
Arctiin...................................................................................................................31
Arctinál.................................................................................................................31
Arginin .........................................................................................................3,58,59
Árnifolintiglinát ....................................................................................................30
Aszparagin..............................................................................................................1
Aszparaginsav....................................................................................................1,59
Aszperulozid......................................................................................................6,74
Atropin .................................................................................................................46
Aukubin ........................................................................................................6,22,38
Avenakozid A .......................................................................................................44
Benzilekgonin.......................................................................................................47

83
Benzoesav.............................................................................................................29
Berberin ................................................................................................................51
Bergaptén..............................................................................................................76
Béta(β)-amirin ......................................................................................................16
Béta(β)-azaron ......................................................................................................80
Béta(β)-elemén .....................................................................................................37
Béta(β)-jonon........................................................................................................41
Béta(β)-kariofillén ................................................................................................12
Béta(β)-pinén.............................................................................................. 15,18,26
Béta(β)-szitoszterol..........................................................................................43,65
Betulin ..................................................................................................................16
Borneol .......................................................................................... 9,12,15,22,26,28
Bornilacetát................................................................................................. 16,23,26
Brucin ...................................................................................................................55
Cefaelin ................................................................................................................52
Cichoriin...............................................................................................................33
Cikóriasav...............................................................................................................7
Cinchonidin (cinchonin) .......................................................................................56
Cinchonin (cinchonidin) .......................................................................................56
Cineol ..................................................................................... 10,13,15,18,21,26,27
Cisztein...................................................................................................................1
Citizin ...................................................................................................................48
Citrál............................................................................................ 11,17,18,20,29,42
Citronellal................................................................................................... 11,17,18
Citronellol................................................................................................... 11,17,20
Citrullin .............................................................................................................2,58
C-toxiferin ............................................................................................................53
Dehidrokosztuszlakton..........................................................................................31
Delta(δ)-kadinén ...................................................................................................30
Demekolcin...........................................................................................................52
Digitoxigenin........................................................................................................45
Dihidrokarveol.................................................................................................11,19
Dihidrokarvon.......................................................................................................19
Dimér-procianidin.................................................................................................66
Dioszgenin............................................................................................................43
D-lizergsav ...........................................................................................................53
Echinacein ..............................................................................................................7
Echinakozid ............................................................................................................7
Efedrin (L-efedrin)................................................................................................49
Ellágsav ...........................................................................................................71,72
Emetin ..................................................................................................................52
Epikatechin ...........................................................................................................66
Ergokrisztin ..........................................................................................................53

84
Ergometrin............................................................................................................53
Ergotamin .............................................................................................................53
Eritrocentaurin ......................................................................................................24
Eszkuletin ........................................................................................................28,69
Eszkulin ................................................................................................................41
Eugenol............................................................................................................73,79
Fahéjaldehid .........................................................................................................29
Fahéjsav................................................................................................................78
Farnezén ...............................................................................................................75
Fenchon ................................................................................................................29
Fenetilalkohol .......................................................................................................17
Fenetilamin ...........................................................................................................67
Fenilalanin ...........................................................................................................2,9
Filixsav .................................................................................................................60
Fizosztigmin .........................................................................................................56
Formonetin ...........................................................................................................40
Frangulaemodin ....................................................................................................61
Furfural (furfurol) .................................................................................................74
Furfurol (furfural) .................................................................................................74
Galegin .................................................................................................................59
Galluszsav .......................................................................................................71,72
Gamma(γ)-terpinén..........................................................................................20,26
Gein ......................................................................................................................73
Genciopikrin .........................................................................................................24
Gentizin ................................................................................................................24
Geraniol ............................................................................................ 12,17,18,20,64
Germakrén ............................................................................................................37
Germakrén-D........................................................................................................12
Ginkgetin ..............................................................................................................68
Ginkgolid A ..........................................................................................................68
Gipszogenin..........................................................................................................35
Glicin......................................................................................................................2
Glicirrhizinsav ......................................................................................................36
Glutamin.................................................................................................................1
Glutaminsav.......................................................................................................1,59
Glükogallin ......................................................................................................62,71
Guanidin ...............................................................................................................59
Hederakozid-B......................................................................................................37
Herniariaszaponin I., II. ........................................................................................40
Herniarin...............................................................................................................40
Hexaoxidifénsav ...................................................................................................71
Hiperforin .............................................................................................................69
Hipericin...............................................................................................................69

85
Hiperozid .................................................................................................... 39,66,69
Hisztamin...........................................................................................................9,43
Hisztidin .................................................................................................................2
Humulén ...............................................................................................................61
Humulon...............................................................................................................61
Indol .......................................................................................................................3
Intermedin ............................................................................................................48
Izokinolin................................................................................................................3
Izokvercitrin .........................................................................................................64
Izolikviritin ...........................................................................................................36
Izopimpinellin.......................................................................................................76
Izoramnetin...........................................................................................................19
Izovaltrát...............................................................................................................23
Johimbin ...............................................................................................................54
Juglon ...................................................................................................................77
Kamazulén.................................................................................................. 22,25,26
Kámfor ..................................................................................... 9,15,20,21,22,26,28
Kampfén ..........................................................................................................15,26
Kapszaicin ............................................................................................................49
Kariofillén ............................................................................................................61
Karnosol ...............................................................................................................16
Karvakrol.........................................................................................................12,13
Karveol ............................................................................................................11,19
Karvon.............................................................................................................11,19
Katalpol ................................................................................................... 6,22,38,39
Katechin ..........................................................................................................72,73
Katechin-gallát......................................................................................................72
Kávésav ........................................................................................................4,14,30
Kelidonin ..............................................................................................................51
Kelidonsav............................................................................................................51
Kempferol........................................................................................... 4,19,40,43,70
Kesztóz .................................................................................................................44
Kinidin (kinin) ......................................................................................................56
Kinin (kinidin) ......................................................................................................56
Kinolin....................................................................................................................4
Kinon......................................................................................................................4
Klorogénsav............................................................................................. 5,33,65,67
Knicin ...................................................................................................................29
Kodein ..................................................................................................................50
Koffein .................................................................................................................57
Kokain ..................................................................................................................47
Kolchicin ..............................................................................................................52
Koleszterol............................................................................................................43

86
Kolin..................................................................................................................9,58
Kriptopin ..............................................................................................................51
Kvercetin ....................................................................................... 4,19,40,41,43,70
Kvercitrin..............................................................................................................64
Laburnin ...............................................................................................................48
Laktucin................................................................................................................33
Laktukopikrin .......................................................................................................33
Lawson (2-hidroxi-naftokinon) .............................................................................78
L-efedrin...............................................................................................................49
Leukocianidin .......................................................................................................74
Likviritin...............................................................................................................36
Limonén ................................................................................. 10,14,16,19,20,21,42
Linalilacetát ..........................................................................................................10
Linalool ..............................................................................10,11,12,20,27,64,74,76
Linamarin ...............................................................................................................6
Lizergsav (D-lizergsav) ........................................................................................53
Lizin ..................................................................................................................2,58
Lobelin .................................................................................................................48
Loganin.................................................................................................................55
Lotausztralin ...........................................................................................................6
L-szkopolamin ......................................................................................................46
Lupanin.................................................................................................................49
Lupulon ................................................................................................................61
Luteolin ........................................................................................................5,17,25
M(meta)-trigalluszsav ...........................................................................................71
Marrubiin.........................................................................................................15,35
Matricin ...........................................................................................................25,27
Melilotin ...............................................................................................................75
Melilotozid ...........................................................................................................75
Mentilacetát ..........................................................................................................11
Mentol ..................................................................................................................11
Menton .................................................................................................................11
Mentilacetát ..........................................................................................................11
Metilbenzoát .........................................................................................................80
Metilcinnamát.......................................................................................................80
Metilkavikol .........................................................................................................79
Metilszalicilát .......................................................................................................74
Metionin ............................................................................................................3,59
Mircén ..................................................................................................................30
Miricetin ...............................................................................................................70
Morfin ..................................................................................................................50
Naftokinon..............................................................................................................4
Narcein .................................................................................................................50

87
Naringenin ............................................................................................................21
Narkotin................................................................................................................50
Neoheszperidin .....................................................................................................21
Nerol.....................................................................................................................17
Nikotin..................................................................................................................47
Nornikotin ............................................................................................................47
Oleanolsav ............................................................................................. 15,40,41,67
Onocol (α-onocerin)..............................................................................................39
Ononin..................................................................................................................39
Orientin.................................................................................................................66
Ornitin ....................................................................................................................2
P(para)-cimol ............................................................................... 12,13,18,20,26,29
P(para)-kumársav..................................................................................................64
Palusztrin ..............................................................................................................68
Papaverin ..............................................................................................................50
Para-hidroxi-benzoesav...........................................................................................5
Petazol ..................................................................................................................32
Piperidin .................................................................................................................3
Piperiton ...............................................................................................................11
Piretrin..................................................................................................................32
Piridin .....................................................................................................................3
Pirrol.......................................................................................................................3
Pirrolidin.................................................................................................................3
Pirrolizidin..............................................................................................................3
Plumbagin.............................................................................................................78
Podofillotoxin .......................................................................................................75
Primulasav-A........................................................................................................37
Prolin .................................................................................................................1,59
Protoeszcigenin.....................................................................................................41
Protokatechusav.................................................................................................5,73
Protopanaxadiol ....................................................................................................42
Protopin ................................................................................................................51
Pszilosztachin .......................................................................................................28
Pszoralén ..............................................................................................................77
Rein ......................................................................................................................62
Reszerpin ..............................................................................................................54
Reumemodin-aloeemodin-diantron.......................................................................62
Reumemodin-rein-diantron ...................................................................................62
Ricinin ....................................................................................................................8
Ricinolsav...............................................................................................................8
Rozmanol..............................................................................................................16
Rozmarinsav ............................................................................................... 13,14,17
Rutin.....................................................................................................................65

88
Salvigenin.............................................................................................................16
Spartein............................................................................................................48,49
Spatulenol........................................................................................................25,27
Sverozid................................................................................................................24
Szabinén ................................................................................................ 14,19,21,26
Szalicilaldehid ......................................................................................................81
Szalicilsav.............................................................................................................42
Szalicin .................................................................................................................81
Szambunigrin........................................................................................................65
Szangvinarin .........................................................................................................51
Szcillarenin ...........................................................................................................45
Szenkirgin...............................................................................................................6
Szennozid A..........................................................................................................63
Szerotonin.............................................................................................................42
Sziliandrin ............................................................................................................70
Szilibin .................................................................................................................70
Szinigrin ...............................................................................................................60
Sziringarezinol........................................................................................................8
Sziringin .................................................................................................................8
Szkopolamin (L-szkopolamin)..............................................................................46
Szkopoletin ...........................................................................................................69
Szkutellarin.............................................................................................................5
Szolaszodin...........................................................................................................57
Sztigmaszterol ......................................................................................................65
Sztrichnin..............................................................................................................55
Sztrofantidin .........................................................................................................45
T(transz)-anetol ....................................................................................................79
T(transz)-azaron....................................................................................................80
Taraxakolid-β-D-glükozid ....................................................................................34
Taraxakozid ..........................................................................................................34
Taraxaszterol ........................................................................................................34
Tebain...................................................................................................................50
Teobromin ............................................................................................................57
Teofillin ................................................................................................................57
Terpenilacetát ..................................................................................................18,21
Terpinén-4-ol......................................................................................... 12,14,26,28
THC (tetrahidrokannabinol)..................................................................................82
Tilirozid ................................................................................................................64
Timol .......................................................................................................... 12,13,30
Tiramin .........................................................................................................9,58,67
Tirozin ....................................................................................................................2
Tricin ....................................................................................................................44
Trideka-1,11-dién-3,5,7,9-tetrain ..........................................................................31

89
Triptofán.................................................................................................................2
Triterpénszaponin-1 ..............................................................................................39
Tubokurarin v. (+)-tubokurarin ............................................................................53
Tujilalkohol ..........................................................................................................22
Tujol .....................................................................................................................27
Tujon .......................................................................................................... 15,22,27
Tusszilagin..............................................................................................................6
Umbelliferon.......................................................................................... 28,30,40,69
Umbellulon ...........................................................................................................22
Urzolsav ................................................................................................ 15,16,35,67
Valeranal ..............................................................................................................23
Valeranon .............................................................................................................23
Valerénsav ............................................................................................................23
Valtrát...................................................................................................................23
Vanillin.................................................................................................................80
Vanillinsav.........................................................................................................5,42
Verbaszkoszaponin ...............................................................................................38
Verinakozid ..........................................................................................................38
Verpozid ...............................................................................................................38
Vinblasztin............................................................................................................55
Vinkamin ..............................................................................................................54
Vinkrisztin ............................................................................................................55
Visznagin..............................................................................................................76
Vitexin..................................................................................................................66
Vulgarin................................................................................................................28
Xantotoxin ............................................................................................................76

90
Drogok névmutatója
Absinthi herba.......................................................................................................27
Agrimoniae herba .................................................................................................73
Allii sativi bulbus ..................................................................................................60
Aloe capensis ........................................................................................................63
Ammeos visnagae fructus......................................................................................76
Ammi majoris fructus............................................................................................76
Angelicae radix.....................................................................................................76
Anisi vulgaris fructus ............................................................................................79
Anserinae herba....................................................................................................72
Apii fructus ...........................................................................................................77
Arnicae flos...........................................................................................................30
Artemisiae vulgaris herba.....................................................................................28
Asari rhizoma .......................................................................................................80
Aurantii epi- et mesocarpium................................................................................20
Avenae herba ........................................................................................................44
Balsamum peruvianum..........................................................................................80
Bardanae radix .....................................................................................................31
Belladonnae radix et folium ..................................................................................46
Betulae folium.......................................................................................................39
Bursae pastoris herba ...........................................................................................58
Calami rhizoma ....................................................................................................80
Calendulae flos .....................................................................................................41
Cannabis herba.....................................................................................................82
Capsici fructus......................................................................................................49
Cardamomi fructus ...............................................................................................21
Cardui benedicti herba .........................................................................................29
Carvi fructus.........................................................................................................19
Caryophylli flos ....................................................................................................79
Catharanti rosei herba..........................................................................................55
Centaurii herba.....................................................................................................24
Chelidonii herba et radix ......................................................................................51
Chinae cortex........................................................................................................56
Cichorii radix et folium.........................................................................................33
Cinnamomi cortex.................................................................................................78
Cocae folium.........................................................................................................47
Colchici tuber .......................................................................................................52
Colophonium ........................................................................................................34
Coriandri fructus ..................................................................................................20
Crataegi folium cum flore (=summitas) ................................................................66
Curare ..................................................................................................................53

91
Dioscoreae tuber .................................................................................................... 43
Droserae herba....................................................................................................... 78
Echinaceae radix ...................................................................................................... 7
Ephedrae herba ...................................................................................................... 49
Epilobii herba ......................................................................................................... 43
Equiseti herba......................................................................................................... 68
Eucalypti folium...................................................................................................... 18
Euphrasiae herba.................................................................................................... 22
Farfarae folium et flos .............................................................................................. 6
Filicis maris rhizoma .............................................................................................. 60
Foeniculi fructus..................................................................................................... 79
Fragariae folium..................................................................................................... 74
Frangulae cortex .................................................................................................... 61
Fumariae herba ...................................................................................................... 51
Galegae herba ........................................................................................................ 58
Galla, Quercus cortex............................................................................................. 71
Gei radix et rhizoma ............................................................................................... 73
Gentianae radix ...................................................................................................... 24
Ginkgo bilobae folium............................................................................................. 68
Ginseng radix ......................................................................................................... 42
Hederae helicis folium ............................................................................................ 37
Hennae (Lawsoniae) folium .................................................................................... 78
Herniariae herba .................................................................................................... 40
Hippocastani semen, folium, cortex ........................................................................ 41
Hyosciami folium .................................................................................................... 46
Hyperici herba........................................................................................................ 69
Hyssopi herba ......................................................................................................... 15
Ipecacuanhae radix................................................................................................. 52
Juglandis folium ..................................................................................................... 77
Juniperi fructus....................................................................................................... 18
Laburni semen ........................................................................................................ 48
Lavandulae flos......................................................................................................... 9
Lawsoniae (Hennae) folium .................................................................................... 78
Levistici radix ......................................................................................................... 77
Lini semen................................................................................................................. 6
Liquiritiae radix...................................................................................................... 36
Lobeliae herba........................................................................................................ 48
Lupuli strobulus...................................................................................................... 61
Majoranae herba .................................................................................................... 14
Marrubii herba ....................................................................................................... 35
Matricariae flos ...................................................................................................... 25
Meliloti herba ......................................................................................................... 75
Melissae folium....................................................................................................... 11

92
Menthae crispae folium........................................................................................... 11
Menthae piperitae folium ........................................................................................ 10
Millefolii herba ....................................................................................................... 26
Myrtilli folium et fructus ......................................................................................... 74
Nicotianae folium.................................................................................................... 47
Oleum ricini.............................................................................................................. 8
Ononidis radix ........................................................................................................ 39
Origani herba ......................................................................................................... 13
Papaveris caput ...................................................................................................... 50
Petasitidis folium .................................................................................................... 32
Phaseoli legumen.................................................................................................... 59
Physostigmae semen ............................................................................................... 56
Plantaginis folium......................................................................................... ........... 5
Podophylli rhizoma................................................................................................. 75
Primulae radix........................................................................................................ 37
Pyrethri flos ............................................................................................................ 32
Quercus cortex, Galla............................................................................................. 71
Rauwolfiae radix..................................................................................................... 54
Rhei rhizoma........................................................................................................... 62
Ribis nigri folium .................................................................................................... 70
Rosae petalum......................................................................................................... 17
Rosmarini folium .................................................................................................... 16
Salicis cortex .......................................................................................................... 81
Salviae folium ......................................................................................................... 15
Sambuci flos............................................................................................................ 65
Saponariae albae radix........................................................................................... 35
Saponariae rubrae radix......................................................................................... 35
Sarothamni scoparii herba...................................................................................... 49
Secale cornutum ..................................................................................................... 53
Sennae folium et fructus.......................................................................................... 63
Serpylli herba ......................................................................................................... 13
Silybi mariae fructus............................................................................................... 70
Sinapis nigrae semen .............................................................................................. 60
Solani herba............................................................................................................ 57
Solidaginis virgaureae herba .................................................................................. 40
Spireae flos ............................................................................................................. 81
Stoechados flos ....................................................................................................... 69
Stramonii folium ..................................................................................................... 46
Strychni semen........................................................................................................ 55
Symphyti radix ........................................................................................................ 48
Tanaceti herba........................................................................................................ 22
Taraxaci radix et herba .......................................................................................... 34
Thymi herba............................................................................................................ 12

93
Tiliae flos................................................................................................................ 64
Tormentillae rhizoma.............................................................................................. 72
Urticae folium et radix............................................................................................ 42
Uvae ursi folium ..................................................................................................... 81
Valerianae radix ..................................................................................................... 23
Verbasci flos ........................................................................................................... 38
Veronicae herba ..................................................................................................... 38
Vincae minoris herba.............................................................................................. 54
Visci stipes ................................................................................................................ 8

94

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