(၆) တိုက္မွာ ေလာက္ကိုက္တာ ခံဖူးသလားႏွင္႔ အျခားေထာင္ဝတၳဳတိုမ်ား

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503 Ichida Building
2-11-3 Kita Otsuk Toshimaku
T 170-0004
Tokyo,Japan
Tel:090-6119-1975
E-mail: bhamokyaw@koko-attraction.com
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e&odeu f rBm&J‹aEGu yljyif;avmifòrdu&f wJt h xJ em;xJo&H nfyel ‹J avmif;csvu kd o f vdyk gy?J usaemf+idr+f yD;
em;axmifaerdw,f? usaemfhudk ydwfavSmifxm;&m (5)wdkufeHygwf(1)tcef;xJuae tjyifbufqD
twwfEdkifqHk;em;pGifh+yD; qufem;axmifaerdw,f?
“uJæ rsKd;odef; æ xHk;pHtwdkif; yHkpHjyay;vdkufygOD; æ”
pum;oH tqHk;rSmawmh æ
“yHkpHjyr,fæ aocsm=unfh/ aocsmem;axmifæ”
jymvtJt h hJ oHjympl;pl; rsK;d ode;f &J‹toHu trde‹f csrw S cf ge;D w&m;ol}uD;&J‹avrsK;d eJ‹ cyfaqmifh aqmifh
xGufay:vmw,f?
“æ a[m'g xdkifyHkpH/ wifyv†ifacGxdkifxm;/ vufESpfzufu 'l;ay:wifxm;/ vufrudk vuf xJrSm
xnfhqkyfxm;/ cg;udk rwfrwfxm;/ rsufaphu awmif=unfhajrmuf=unfhrvkyfeJ‹? wef;pD æqdkwJh
toH=um;&ifæ 'Dvdkxdkifae&r,f æa[m'gu &yfyHkpH? vufESpfzufudk a&S‹rSma[m'Dvdktkyf+yD; csxm;&
r,fæaxmifr;ª axmifyikd af wGe‹J pum;ajym&if wifjyp&m&S&d if 'Dvykd pkH &H yf+yD; pum;ajym&r,f/ q&mawG
qdkwmu 'Dutr_xrf;awGtm;vHk;udkajymwmæ ”
rsK;d ode;f &J‹ oHjympl;pl; jymvtJt h o hJ [
H m atmify&JG ppfo}l uD; avrsK;d xGuv f u kd /f zefw&m awatmif
t}udr}f udrt f cgcg &Gwzf wfyal ZmfyocJ+h yD;om;jzpfwt hJ wGu/f wa&;Ed;k tdycf sirf ;l wl; x&Gw&f wmawmif
txpf t aigh r &S d a wmh w J h bk & m;ud k ; ql q &mavrsKd ; xG u f v d k u f e J ‹ ed r f h c sD j rif h c sD ay:vm aew,f ?
tyfa=umif;xyfatmif =um;zl;ae&+yD;om;jzpfwJh usaemfwdk‹tzdk‹rSmawmh/ "mwfjym;uGJ r_dwuf }uD;udk
tyfoGm;wHk;wHk;eJ‹zGifhjyaeovdkygyJ? 'gayrJh 'Dxl;rjcm;em;"mwfjym;uGJoH}uD;udk =um;&wdkif; =um;& wdkif;
&if x J u sif c eJ usif c eJ jzpf o G m ;&wmawmh t rS e f ? emusif c H c uf jzpf & wmvJ t rS e f ? rsuf p d x J
ajy;ajy;jrifaerdwwfwmu arG;xm;au|;xm;wJh ociftóuduf rJrjJ rif&majy;v$m;xd;k a[mif v_y&f mS ;jy
ae&wJh tifrwefzswfzswfvwfvwf&SdvSwJh acG;euf*kwfusm; acG;+rD;wdk}uD;waumif?
“udkif; æ yHkpHpr,fæ” rsKd;odef;&J‹toH?
usaemfeJ‹wcef;wnf;twlae&wJh atmifoef;jrifhu usaemfhvdk tjyifbufutoHawGqD
10 0if;wifhxGef;
wdkufwef;pD;
tm;pdu k ef m;pGiehf m;axmifae&mu usaemfrh suEf mS qD vSr;f =unfw h ,f? usaemfu [l;ceJ oufjyif;wcsuf
r_wfxkwfvdkufrdw,f?
usaemfhtm±HkodawGu vSrf;jrifaew,f? udk,f udk,fwdkifcHcJh&zl;+yD;om;jzpfwJhtjyif ae‹pOfvdkvdk
=um;odae&wJh trSwo f nmtpkpak wG&‹J azmfjyr_a=umif/h usaemfw‹kd pjH ref;ae&&m (5)wdu k (f 1)cef; eH&}H u;D eJ‹
uyf&uf tkww f w H ikd ;f wxyfjcm;&J‹ [drk mS bufujzpfay:aer,fh jrifuiG ;f awGukd vSr;f jrifaew,f? 'Dtw k f
wHwdkif;wdk@&J@wzufrSm Am'Hyifvwf wyif&Sdvdrfhr,f? tJ'DAm'Hyif&dyfab;rSm wdkuf±Hk;cef;qdkwJh rD;uif;wJ
vdv k kd uifaywdik , f m,D tcsKyfpcef;axmufwv J vkd kd pcef;±H;k av;&Syd gw,f? tJ'D wdu k ±f ;kH cef;ajruGuv f yf
rSm jrefrmuifaywdik v f ufopfrsm;&J‹zrf;qD;jcif;cHxm;&wJh topfpufpuf tusO;f om;rsm;[m aeylxrJ mS
aqmifha=umifhxdkifae&ygvdrfhr,f? 'grSr[kwf blrdurŠvm ajrausmufrmay: y,fy,fe,fe,fzifcs+yD;
wifyv†ifacGxdkif xdkifae&ygvdrfhr,f?
toHwif jymvtJhtJhr[kwf/ tom;ta&mifyg rJusKwfusKwf jymESrf;ESrf;jzpfaewJh ‘rsKd;odef;’ u/
*k%fðycHwyfzGJ‹udk avhusifhoifwef;ay;ae&wJh oifwef;enf;jyrª; *dkufrsKd;w0uf/ tm%myg;uGufom;
*dkufrsKd;w0ufeJ‹ rsufESmudkwif;wif;xm;+yD; a&S‹wdk;aemufiif vrf;ovm;aeygvdrfhr,f?
uifaywdkif wdkuf±Hk;cef;wJwGif;u˜pm;yGJa&S‹rSm/ ppfwyfu wdkuf±dkufcef‹xm;wJh qm*sifodef;òrdif
qdok ul , kd w
f ikd f 'grrS [kwf wm0efus axmifwyf=uyf}uD;oH;k &pfu, kd wf ikd f t+rde‹f om;xdik ±f p_ m;ae+yD; usef
w&pf ESpf&pfeJ‹ t&pfr&Sd0g'grsm;u 0dkif;0ef;=unfh±_ae=uygvdrfhr,f?
“pr,fæ” rsKd;odef;&J‹ jymvtJhtJhtoH&J‹aemufydkif; r=umrDvmawmhr,fhtoHu vlaAsmoH
e&odefaAsmoHqdkwmudkvJ usaemfóudwifod&Sdaeygw,f?
“yHkpHæ”
“xdik rf ,f æ
“xr,f æ”
“bkef; *Grf; azsmif; æ bkwfæ tGef‹”
rsKd;odef;&J@yHkpHwdkifoH ac:oHawGeJ‹twl wqufwnf; xGufay:vmwJh bkef; *Grf; azsmif; æ bkwfæ
tGef‹awGuawmh vufpGrf;jy xkoH ESufoH ±dkufoHawGeJ‹ cH&olbufu xGufay:vmwJh toHawGæ
“'Dcg;}uD;u bmvdk‹ukef;ae&wmvJ æ bkef;”
“'Dvufu tElvufoD;qkyfxm;ovdk}uD; æ bkwf”
“'Dausm,m;}uD;u avmufav;udkif;vdk aumhraeeJ‹/ rwfrwfxm; æ udk;q,f'D*&D rwf rwf
æ*Gwf æ tGef‹ æ”
rsKd;odef;&J‹ oHjym;pl;a[mufoHaigufoH/ tjypfr&Sdtjypf&Sm ±dkufESufxkaxmif;jy&oHawG
tqufrjywf nHpnfpifxGufvmw,f?
topfpufpuf tusOf;om;rsm;crsm ajrjyifay: zHktvdrf;vdrf; ac|;t&$J&$JeJ‹ tvJvJtvl;vl;
cHae=u&ygvdrfhr,f? u|Jaygufwaumifvdk ajy;v$m;xkESuf atmf[pfjyae&wJh rsKd;odef;&J‹udk,fay:rSmvJ
ac|;awGpdk‹aeygvdrfhr,f?
wdkufwef;pD;rsKd;odef;&J‹ 'DvdkwdkufyHkpHjyoHawG ae‹pOf&ufquf =um;vm&+yDqdk&ifawmh wdkufxJrSm
tr_wo JG pfawG Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;opfawG pkòyHa&muf&v dS mae&+yD? tjyifrmS wjynfv;kH tzrf;tqD;awG
0if;wifhxGef; 11
rsm;ae+yDqdkwJh oauFwygyJ?
aemufxyf b,folawGrsm; tqGJcH&jyef+yDvJ? udk,feJ‹wqufwnf; tr_wGJwlawGrsm;vm;?
v_y&f mS ;r_topfawGrsm; xyfay:vmwmvm;? ævm;/ ævm;qdw k hJ rqH;k Edik w
f hJ awG;awmxifjrif rSe;f q
=unfhr_awGeJ‹twl &ifxJrSm v_dif;abmifbifcwfcJh& a=uuGJcJh& qdk‹eifhcJh&wmcsnf; jzpfygw,f?
yHkpHjyoH ±dkufoHESufoHawG+idrfoufoGm;+yD; q,frdepfavmuf=umcsdefrSmawmh xHk;pHtwdkif;æ
“zsmaxmif aemufvSnfh wef;pDxm; æ”
rsKd;odef;&J‹ oHjymvtJh pll;&S&S[m aEGav±l;eJ‹twl cyfoJhoJhyJ vdrfh0ifvmw,f? 'DwdkufrSmr[kwfyJ
(4)wdu k vf m; (2)wdu k vf m;qD ae&mcsxm;vdu k yf &kH w,f? 'ga=umifh (5)wdu k x f q J t
D xdawmh pl;pl;&if&h ifh
a&mufrvm? 'gayrJh eifeh ifph ;l pl; cHpm;ae&qJ&ifcek o
f uH awmh wqwfqwf wkecf gaewke;f av? &yfroGm;/
+idrfroGm;?
“tif; æ aemufxyf b,fESpfa,mufavmufrsm;jzpfrvJ uAsmq&ma&æ” atmifoef;jrifh u
usaemfhrsufESmudk=unfh&if; oufjyif;wzGzGeJ‹ajymw,f?
“rsKd;odef; 'Dbufa&mufvmwJhtcg acsmhar;=unfhaygh? armif&ifeJ‹ &if;ESD;om;yJ[m”
usaemfuajymawmh atmifoef;jrifhu acgif;ndwfjyw,f?
t&ifu 'Dtcef;(1)xJ usaemfa&mufrvmcif/ atmifoef;jrifhyJae&wkef;/ nbuf wdkufwef;
ydwfcsdefrSm rsKd;odef;udkvJ 'Dtcef;(1)rSmyJ ae&mcsxm;ay;awmh atmifoef;jrifh[m rsKd;odef;eJ‹ E_dif;,SOf
csuftm;jzifh &if;ESD;ae+yD;om;?
“rsKd;odef;u usaemfhudkawmh rsufESmemaeovdkjzpfvdk‹ a&csKd; *efzvm;csawGrSm bmjy\emrS
r&Smzl;bl;? 'gayrJh 'Daumifu bmowif;rS odyfrajymbl;? ol‹tb qm*sifodef;òrdifwdk‹ rsufESm!dkrSm
odyfa=umufwmæ”
atmifoef;jrifhu usaemfhudk&Sif;jyawmh usaemfòyH;vdkufrdw,f?
(2)
rsKd;odef;[m wdkufwef;pD;?
‘wef;pD;’qdkwJh&mxl;[m e&odefxJrSm eJeJaemaem &mxl;r[kwf? tusOf;om;uaejzpfEdkifwJh
&mxl;awGxJrSm tjrifhqHk;? tjyifuae axmifrª; axmifydkifawGudk aiGxdk;vdkif;0ifrS&EdkifwJh &mxl;ae&m
jzpf±rkH u ud, k wf ikd u
f vJ ±du
k &f J ESu&f J xk&J axmif;&JwhJ vufpvufe&SOd ;D rS? trsm;tm;jzifh ESp}f uD;orm;
vlowform;eJ‹ "m;jy}uD;awG 'Dvdk&mxl;rsKd;&avh&Sdw,f? txl;ojzifh ‘wdkufwef;pD;’vdk ae&mrsKd;us/
txufyg t&nftcsif;awGtjyif axmufvSrf;a&;óuduf qm*sifodef;òrdifwdk‹vdk aumifawGtóudufyg
jynfhpHkvHkavmufzdk‹vdkao;w,f? ‘wdkuf’qdkwm axmufvSrf;a&;uzrf;qD;xm;wJh tusOf;om;awG/
trsm;tm;jzifh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG xm;wJhae&mav?
rsKd;odef;[m owfrSwft&nftcsif;awG jynfhpHkol? t&ifu “ppfom;”qdkwJh[muvJ axmuf
vSrf;a&;óuduf? vlvHk;vlzefu u|Jaygufwaumifvdk? xka&; ESufa&; vufraES;wwfwm ol‹tr_uae
oufaocH+yD;om;? ol‹txuft&m&Sd Adkvfrª;wOD;tygt0if vlESpfa,mufudk owfvmcJhwJhvlowfr_eJ‹
12 0if;wifhxGef;
wdkufwef;pD;
woufwu|e;f jypf'%fcsrw S jf cif;cHxm;&ol? ppfc±kH ;kH uae jypf'%fcsrw S cf +hJ yD; t&yfbufaxmif v$aJ jymif;
ay;tyfvdkufvdk‹ tif;pdefaxmifxJa&mufvm&ol? Adkvfae0if;[m ol‹ppfwyfxJu ol‹cGm&m wdkif;vm
EdkifzG,f &SdolrSefor# b,fhavmufyJðzwfxkwfy,f ay:vpDusifhoHk;+yD; &uf&ufpufpuf ta&;,lcJh,lcJh/
tjyifu omrefvlawGeJ‹,SOf=unfh&if wyfuvmol[m olrsm;xuf acgif;wvHk;ydkaeEdkifapa&;twGuf
t±dk;t&if;av;awG jyefcsau|;wJh pHerl&SdcJhovdk/ ppfwyfu ppfom;tjzpfu vlowfr_usL;vGefvmcJhwJh
rsK;d ode;f [mvJ tif;pdeaf xmifxrJ mS wdu k wf ef;pD;tjzpf axmufvrS ;f a&;óuduf ae&m&vmwm bmrSawmh
rqef;?
axmifxJrSm ppffa=uma&;awmfawmfeJ‹ rjywfEdkifbJ axmufvSrf;a&;u r=umc% wdkufxJu
qGJqGJxkwf+yD; !‡Of;yef;ESdyfpuf tòid;taw;cH&olawGtxJ usaemf[m wa,muftygt0if? tJ'Dawmh
wdkufwef;pD;rsKd;odef;[m usaemfhudkvJ awmfawmfrsufrSef;wef;rdaecJh+yD?
wdkufwum 0ifcGifhxGufcGifh&SdaewJh wdkufwef;pD;rsKd;odef;[m usaemfwdk‹udkxm;&m (5)wdkufxJudk
vJ r=umc%a&mufa&mufvmwwfw,f? &Hzef&Hcg usaemfeJ‹atmifoef;jrifhwdk‹pHjref;&&m (5)wdkuf
tcef;(1) a&S‹ oHwdkifem;txd 0if0ifvmwwfw,f?
“udkrsKd;odef; æ aq;vdyfrD;av;bmav; vkyfygOD;As”vdk‹ atmifoef;jrifhuawmif;&if/ tjyifrSm
&moDOwkom,mae&if rsKd;odef;u ayghayghyg;yg; vmay;wwfw,f? wcgw&H [dkajym'Dajym &,farm
ðyH;&$i+f yD;awmif pum;vufqkH usjyae+yDq&kd ifawmh tjyifrmS &moDOwk awmfawmfaumif;aewJo h abm
rSw, f El ikd w
f ,f? wku d ±f ;kH cef;wJrmS qm*sio f ed ;f òrdirf &Sb
d J E_id ;f ,SOcf sut
f m;jzifh oabmxm;odyrf qd;k vSwhJ
0g'gt=uyftdk}uD;wa,mufavmufyJ wm0efusaewmrsKd;jzpfEdkifw,f? usefwJh0g'gi,fav;awG wjcm;
wdu k wf wdu k w
f u
kd rf mS pm;usuu f s+yD;/ 'DbufrmS tajctaeaumif;aewmrsK;d vJ jzpfaumif;jzpfEikd w f ,f?
“udrk sK;d ode;f æ aq;vdyrf ;D av; æ”qdw k mudk pum;rjyefbJ ESmacgi;f ±_‹H +yD; oGuo f u
G o
f u
G o
f uG f xGuo f mG ;
&ifawmh tjyifrmS &moDOwk odyrf om,m? 'DbufrmS wcef;eJ‹wcef; pum;vSr;f qufo, G af jymqdw k m
owdxm;vkyf&ygvdrfhr,f? 'D(5)wdkuf(1)cef;[m wdkufpcef;±Hk;wJeJ‹ teD;qHk;ae&m?
&moDOwkom,maew,fvdk‹rSwf,l&r,fh wnaecif; rsKd;odef; usaemfwdk‹wdkufcef;a&S‹ a&muf
vmw,f?
pdwfóudufzGyfav#mf a&csKd;cGifh tcGifhta&;tjynfht0&&Sdxm;wJh rsKd;odef;[m a&rdk;csKd;+yD; qHyifudk
qD&$J&$Jvdrf;xm;±Hkru/ ol‹udk,fay:u pGyfus,f*sKdif;jywfuvJ jzLazG;oef‹pifvdk‹? rJeufaewJh tom;
ta&mifa=umifh pdwfóudufav#mfzGyf0wfqifxm;wJh pGyfus,ftusôta&mif[m ydkvdk‹awmif azG;Oae
oa,mif&Sdw,f? ykqdk;jymudk wdkwdkygatmif0wfxm;awmh ol‹ajcovHk;tpHk[m u|Jaygufwaumif&J‹
ajctpHkvdk tar$;tr#ifawG tòydif;t±dkif;eJ‹?
“cifAsm;u uAsmq&mvm;”
qdkif;rqifh AHkrqifh rsKd;odef;u OD;OD;zsm;zsm; usaemfhrsufESmudk vSrf;=unfh&if; ar;vmw,f?
cgwdkif;qdk&if atmifoef;jrifheJ‹yJ OD;wnfajymqdkwwfwJh rsKd;odef;u usaemfhudk OD;wnfajymqdkvmwm
jzpfwt hJ jyif/ 0g'gawGa&S‹rmS tusO;f om;rSeo f r#tay: armufarmufrmrmavoHe‹J om t+rJwef;ajymqdk
wwfwJholu “cifAsm;uæ”qdkwJh emrfpm;a0g[m&udk oHk;pGJajymqdkvmwma=umifh c%awmh usaemf
tHh=oovdkjzpfoGm;rdw,f? +yD;awmh ðyH;vdkufrdw,f?
0if;wifhxGef; 13
“[kwfw,fæ bmjzpfvdk‹vJ”
“a=omfæ bmrSr[kwfygbl;? usaemfu odcsifvdk‹yg? usaemfvJcifAsm;vdkyJ r[kwfrcH vl
wa,mufygAsm²²²”
usaemf 'kwd,r`dðyH;vdkufjyefw,f?
“cifAsm;udk ppfa=uma&; c%c%xkwf+yD; r=umr=umwD;ae=uw,fqdkwm usaemfvJ jrifod
=um;ae&wmyJAsm? usaemfawmhr[kwzf ;l aemf/ cifAsm;udk wD;wm ppfa=uma&;rSm/ usaemfw‹kd e‹J rqdik b f ;l ?
cifAsm;udk (6)wdkufxJ tqdk;qHk;xnfhxm;wma&mæ cifAsm;udk acgif;rmw,fajymae=uoHawGa&m
usaemf=um;=um;aeygw,f? cifAsm;vdk usaemfvJ acgif;rmcJhzl;olyg/ r[kwf&if eJeJav;rSrcHcsifbl;/
r[kwfrcH pdwf}uD;cJholyg? 'ga=umifh usnfwuyfvHk;ukefatmif qGJypfcJhwmaygh?”
“tJ'w D ek ;f u b,fvjkd zpfcw
hJ mwke;f cifAsm;tr_uæ”atmifoef;jrifu h rsK;d ode;f udqk ufajym atmif
vrf;a=umif;ay;vdkufw,f?
“a&S@wef;u jyefvm=u+yD? veJ‹csD+yD; a&S@wef;rSmaecJh&wdkufcJh&&if; wm0ef+yD;cJh=u+yD? usaemfu
iSufzsm;t}uD;tus,fwufaew,f? tE W&m,fr&SdawmhwJh udk,fh*GifxJa&mufvm=u+yD? aemufw&uf
ausmaf usmq f ækd òrd‹ay:a&mufawmhr,f/ usKyfw‹kd 'k&if;rª;Adv k rf ;ª u awmxJrmS yJ aysmyf v JG yk w
f ,fAs? ypf&wJh
*sDom; qwfom; awm0ufom;awGa&m/ tmrD&rfawG azmcsif;aomcsif;a&meJ‹ pdwfóudufaomuf=u
pm;=u aysm=f uprf;ayg?h oDcsi;f qd=k u u=ucke=f u aomuf=upm;=ueJ‹ wnvH;k rD;yHyk }JG uD;Asæ iSuzf sm;wuf
aewJu h saemfu olw‹kd u=kd unf&h if; pdwaf wGwv kd ‹kd æ? pm;Edik af omufEikd zf ‹kd aeaeomom olw‹kd qn l H uckef
ae=uwmudk/ vlurcHr&yfEdkifatmif em;rcHEdkifatmifjzpfaew,fæusaemfu odyfrql=uygeJ‹vdk‹ajym
awmh waumifu usaemfu h [
kd m;w,f? Adv k rf ;ª uvJ a[haumifrsK;d ode;f æ rif;zsm;aewmeJ‹yJ usew f o hJ l
awG rif;vdkaeapcsifvdk‹ b,f&rvJuGvdk‹a[mufw,f? usaemf axmif;ceJa'goawG ydkydkaygufuGJxGuf
vmw,f? olw‹kd uquf+yD; pm;=uaomuf=u u=ucke=f ueJ‹ usaemfu h &kd efpaeovdyk /J em;uvJ b,fvrkd S
rcHEdkifatmifjzpfvmawmhæ”
rsKd;odef;u pum;pudkjzwfvdkuf&if; usaemfwdk‹rsufESmvSrf;=unfhw,f?
“'gavmufawmif&SdwJhvlawGæ 'gavmufawmif awmif;yefwm em;rvnfwJhaumifawG qdk+yD;/
vSJ+yD;rSdef;ae&mux+yD;/ tem;u udk,fhaoewfudk,fqGJ+yD; tJ'Drl;+yD;uaewJh 'k&if;rª;uae &,farm
uckefae=uwJh vlawGtm;vHk;udk usnfwabmufvHk;ukefatmif qGJypfcsvdkufw,f? Akdvfrª;vJ yGJcsif;+yD;
æ ESpfa,mufoHk;a,mufvJ twHk;t±kef; æ usefwJholawGvJ 0±kef;okef;um;jzpf+yD; yGJjywfoGm;wmyJ?
usaemfvJ0dkif;tcsKyfcHvdkuf&+yD; owdvpfoGm;w,f/ Adkvfrª;vJao &JabmfESpfa,mufvJao/ wa,muf
'%f&m&æ aemufqHk;ppfcHk±Hk;rSm? a&S‹wef;jyefqdkwm&,f iSufzsm;t}uD;tus,fwufae qdkwm&,fudk
axmuf+yD; (10)ESpfavmufyJ oufoufn‡mn‡mcsrvdk‹wJhAsæ'gayrJhæ”
rsKd;odef;u ol‹&J‹jymvtJhtJh pl;&S&StoHeJ‹ qufwdkuf}uD; pdwfygvufygajymae&mu wHawG;udk rsKd
cs&if; c%em;vdkufjyefw,f?
“æ pD&ifcsufcscgeD;rSm aooGm;wJhAdkvfrª;uawmfu b,fvdkxidkvdkufovJqdkawmh/“trav;
uduk &kd ‹J / &efoel ‹J wukd &f wmawmif usnw f p&Syrf xdc&hJ yJæ ud, k ahf tmufuvlu ypfowfwmusrS tjzpf
qdk;&yavw,fæ”vdk‹ atmfæatmfidkvdkufa&mæ'dkif;ceJ woufwu|ef;jzpfoGm;wmygyJ? usaemfu
14 0if;wifhxGef;
wdkufwef;pD;
tJ'vD æ kd ”
aumif;cef;a&mufcge;D y&dowf}u;D rSiw f ufrad ewmvSr;f =unfv h u kd w f hJ jyZmwfrif;om; wa,muf&@J
[efrsKd;eJ‹ usaemfwdk‹qDvSrf;=unfhjyefw,f? usaemfwdk‹+idrfem;axmifaewmudk tm;&oGm;+yD;æ
“usaemfu tJ'v D akd umifrsK;d As/ usaemfph w d "f mwfu b,fawmhriS ‹kH rcHwwfb;l ? 'ga=umifh usaemfvJ
cifAsm;vdk r[kwfrcH/ r[kwfrcH/ trSefw&m;udkóudufwJhvlygvdk‹ajymwmæ”
rsKd;odef;u wu,fhatmifyGJcH ppfol}uD;wa,muf&J‹[ef/ *k%fa&mifajymifcJhol}uD; wa,muf&J‹
rmefrsKd;eJ‹ tqHk;owfvdkufw,f? ol‹&J‹oHjympl;pl;[m ydk+yD;oHpOfjrifhaecJhw,f?
usaemfu ol‹rsufESmudk=unfh+yD; wwd,r`d ðyH;vdkufrdw,f?
“b,fhES,fwkef;Asæ cifAsm;u uAsmq&m pma&;q&mqdkawmhæ”
“ 'Dr,fudkrsKd;odef;/ cifAsm;eJ‹usaemfeJ‹ rwlbl;avæ”
“Asmæ” olu usaemfhudk em;rvnfovdk vSrf;=unfhw,f?
“usaemfu *±krpdkuf yrmrxm;vkyfwmrcHEdkifvGef;vdk‹ vlawmifowfvmcJhwJhaumif/ zdESdyfwm
udk qef‹usifjyvmwJhaumif/ cifAsm;wdk‹vdkyJ zdESyfr_udkvufawG‹eJ‹ jyefwHk‹jyefjyvmcJhwJhaumifyJæ”
em;rvnfovdk vSrf;=unfhae&mu apm'upum;udkqdkvmw,f?
“'Dr,fudkrsKd;odef;/ cifAsm;u trSefw&m;udk óudufwmvJr[kwfbl;? r[kwfrcHqdkwmvJr[kwf
bl;? wu,fu olrsm;u cifAsm;tay:vkyfwmudkom rcHEdkifwJhol/ cifAsm;tay: r[kwfwmvkyfwmudk
om rcHEdkifwJhol? udk,fcH&wmudk jyefwHk‹jyef0Hh±HkeJ‹ trSefw&m;bufuvlvdk‹ tvdkavsmuf t"dy`m,f
rxGufbl; æ”
rsKd;odef;u usaemfhudk em;rvnfEdkifovdk xyf=unfhaew,f?
“æ zdEydS rf u
_ kd wu,frek ;f wJv h [
l m/ zdEydS w
f mudk wu,fróuu d w f v hJ [l m olu, kd w
f ikd v
f J b,fawmhrS
rzdESdyfbl;? zdEdSyfwJhae&mvJ b,fawmhrSraebl;? bmta=umif;a=umifhrS raebl;”
rsK;d ode;f u oHwikd u
f v kd ufwzufe‹J uikd +f yD; pum;ajymoHuekd m;axmifae&muae rsuEf mS udk wjznf;
jznf;eJ‹v$Jvdkufw,f? +yD;awmh ol‹ajcaxmufqDol=unfh&if; +idrfoufaew,f?
“udrk sK;d ode;f æ bmudp&P v dS rJ odb;l / cifAsm;udk q&m}u;D ar;aew,fæ” xrif;xd;k xGe;f qdik 0f ifvm+y;D
ta=umif;=um;vdkufcsdefrSmawmh rsKd;odef;[mcsmceJ vSnfhxGufoGm;w,f?
usaemfajymwmudk olem;vnfovm;/ em;rvnfb;l vm;qdw k m usaemfrod? olb,fvkd oabm
ayguf cH,loGm;r,fqdkwmvJ usaemfrod?
q,fih g;rdepfavmuf t=umrSmawmh “yHpk x H ikd x
f m; æ”qdw
k hJ rsK;d ode;f &J‹ oHjympl;pl;udk (4)wduk b
f uf
qDuaexGuaf y:vmwm oJo h =hJ um;vduk &f ygawmhw,f? eJeaJ 0;vd‹k vSr;f vd‹k yv J m; bmvm;awmh rajym
wwfyg? ol‹toH[m cgwikd ;f cgavmuf rpl;&Svv S ‹kd awmh pdwu
f xifaerdygw,f? [kwrf [kwaf wmh tcdik f
trmrajymEdkif? wdkufxJqD aEGav±l;wcsuf ajy;0ifvmw,f? tyl&Sdef tylaiG‹awGeJ@ wvSyfvSyf?Ò
0if;wifx
h eG ;f
12/ 5/ 2003
0if;wifhxGef; 15
0if;wifhxGef;
16 0if;wifhxGef;
a&$aq;vdyf aiGaq;vdyf
a&$ aq;vdyf aiG aq;vdyf

0if;wifx
h eG ;f
(1)
urBmhaiGa=u;e,fy,frSmawmh aygifpwmvifudk tajccHwJhe,fy,f/ a':vmudk tajccHxm;wJh

e,fy,fqdk+yD; trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk &Sdygvdrfhr,f? usaemfwkd@Armjynfawmif aygifpwmvife,fxJygae&mu
Adkvfae0if;vufxuf Adkvfae0if;pdwfqdk;rmefqdk;eJ‹xGufcJhrS aygifpwmvife,feJ‹ a0;oGm;cJh&awmhw,f
qdyk ?J aiGa=u;qdw k m toH;k cH,el pfwcktjzpfe‹J ukeyf pPn;f zvS,rf q _ ikd &f m =um;cHwefz;kd ypPn;f wcktjzpfe‹J
ay:vmcJw h myg? aiGa=u;qdw k m ay:vm+yD;wJah emuf a&$uakd usmaxmufaemufcðH yxm;wJph epfw‹kd / aygif
pwmvif 'grSr[kwf a':vmudk ausmaxmufaemufcHðyxm;wJhpepfwdk@qdkwmawGvJ &Sdygao;w,f?
e&odeu f rBmrSmawmh aiGa=u;pepf[maq;vdy?f aq;vdy[ f maiG/ aq;vdy[ f m a&$? 'gayrJh waxmif
eJ‹ waxmif tajccHaiGa=u;pH aq;vdyfcsif;uawmh rwljyef?
tif;pdeaf xmif}uD;rSmu oeyfyifrusiv f &S @J EGm;aq;vdyef ‹J usm;roef;aX;&J‹ usm;tao;aq;vdyf
u tajccHaiGa=u;? 'l;,m;pD;u&ufuawmh a&$aygh? om,m0wDaxmifusawmh =u,fig;yGifhrcifndK
aq;vdyf[m trsm;oHk;aiG? jynfaxmifrSmus ‘usm;ysH’eJ‹ ‘e0if;a':odef;wif’aq;vdyfwdk‹[m trsm;
óudufaiG?
axmifxrJ mS aiGuw kd &m;0ifuikd +f yD;oH;k pGcJ iG rhf &Sw
d t hJ wGuf tusO;f om;awG[m aq;vdyu f akd iGtjzpf
oabmxm;+yD; oHk;pGJae=u&wmyg? 'ga=umifh axmifxJrSmaq;vdyf&Sd&if aiGa=u;&SdaebdouJhodk‹ygyJ?
tif;pdeaf xmifaiGa=u;aps;uGu&f @J w&m;0ifaiGa=u;vJv, S Ef e_ ;f uawmh EGm;wvdyf usm;av;ESpv f yd ?f
'ga=umifh axmif0ifpmvufc&H &So d wl ikd ;f / ±H;k xGut f jzpf w&m;±H;k oGm;+yD; tr_&ifqikd &f ol tusO;f om;
wdkif;[m aq;vdyfxkyfudkrygygatmif rSm=u ,lcJh=uavh&Sdw,f? tif;pdef e&odefurBma&muf tusOf;
om;rsm;uawmh xH;k pHtwdik ;f EGm;eJ‹usm;ayg?h wjcm;wHqyd af q;vdyo f ,fvmrdv‹kd uawmh aiGa=u;aps;
uGufrSm vJvS,f&wm wefzdk;owfrSwf&wmtcuf? ArmjynfxJ usL;bm;aiGpuULudkifxm;rdovdk jzpf
oGm;Edik wf ,f? 'l;,m;bl;pdr;f av;rsm; rygygatmifqv JG mEdik cf v hJ ‹dk uawmh tif;pdeef &odeu f rBmrSm‘a&$’ayg?h
wm0ef&dS q&m}uD;q&mav;qdo k al wGukd a&$ay;xm;vku d &f if rsuEf mS aumif;udk &vd‹k w?hJ taqmifa&muf
tusO;f om;qdv k #if æ “cyf æ wcGu”f “cyf æ wcGu”f eJ‹ b,fawmhr(S 9)cGuaf vmufxuf ydrk csK;d &Edik w f hJ
a&csK;d csjcif;tr_rmS / ‘a&uefbm,m’qdo k ul kd wva&$EpS b f ;l avmuf 'grrS [kwf rusiv f ES mG ;(50)avmuf
ay;xm; vdik ;f 0ifxm;Edik v f ‹kd uawmh pdwóf uduo f abm&Sd a&csK;d cGi&hf owJ?h +yD;awmh ae‹vnfae‹cif; acs;yg
ao;ayguðf yrvm;/ *keef t D wd pf w k af v; jzpfuwwfqef;umay;xm;wJh bk&m;pl;rd;k óud;ypf tdro f mqdw k m
rSm rdvm† bkwu f ikd q
f o
kd u
l kd usm;av;roef;aX; (2)vdyrf ay;vd‹k uawmh tdro f mwufcray;vd‹k uawmh
0if;wifhxGef; 17
'kuQvSvS awG‹oGm;Edkifw,f? “a[h æ ray;Edkifbl;”qdk&if/ “&w,f æ udk,fhacs; udk,fusKH;oGm;”vdk‹
bkwu f ikd u
f t=uyfuikd yf nmjyygvrd rhf ,f? axmifxrJ mS qdik &f mydik &f m e,fpm;y,fpm;awGu trsm;om;?
taqmifa&mufv‹kd “csu[ f if;”av;rsm; pm;csiaf o;ovm;? yHpk xH rif;[if;eJ‹ pm;r0if rsKrd usjzpfv#iæ f /
zd}k uD;xJuwm0ef&o dS u l v kd ikd ;f 0ifxm;+y;D wvEGm;aq;vdyw
f &may;xm;&if/ naewdik ;f wa,mufpm[if;
wcGuw f cGuf ‘csKid q hf ’JG vpm;oabm vmyd‹k ay;ygvrd rhf ,f? EGm;w&mu 'Davmuftxd t&Sed =f oZm}uD;
owJ?h wywfrmS wcg/ wcgrw S eyfwnf;pm;&wJh “tom;pm;ae‹” yHpk [ H if;wwH;k pm;csiyf gvsuf }udwrf w
dS f
tiwfcH+yD;jyefa&mif;&if bmtom;[if;yHkpHwHk;jzpfjzpf wwHk;EGm;(5)vdyfyJ &Edkifw,f?
(2)
usaemfwdk‹wawG EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGtjzpf ‘wdkuf’xJa&muf&awmh b,folrS axmif0ifpm

ygq,fr&ao;? b,fol‹udkrSvJ ±Hk;wifw&m;pGJqdkjcif;rðyao;csdef æ
(5)wkdufxJxm;olwcsKd‹udk (2)wdkufxJa&$‹vdkuf=ujyefw,f? usaemf(2)wdkufxJa&mufoGm;w,f?
(2)wkduf[m óud;wdkuf?
(5)wdu k [ f m wzuf&yfwu kd jf zpf+yD; (2)wdu k u f sawmh/ taqmuftOD;}uD;wckwnf;twGi;f rSm rsuf
ESmcsi;f qdik f wdu k cf ef;av;awG wnf&adS ewJw h u kd ?f tv,frmS u vlomG ;orHwvif; uGuv f yfjyifu us,f
us,f? wjcm;wdkufawGvdk wzuf&yfr[kwfwJhtwGuf (2)wdkufudk ‘&ifuGJwdkuf’vdk‹vJac:=uw,f?
ud,k w
hf u kd cf ef;uae a&S‹wnfw h nfu h wku d cf ef;udv k rS ;f jrifae&ayrJh ESpcf ef;xufawmh ydrk jrif? [dbk uf
eJ‹ onfbuf oHwdkifwHcg;r}uD;azmufwyfxm;yHku ZpfZufyHko¿mef?
tJ'Dwkef;u(2)wdkuf[m óud;'%fuscHxm;&olóud;orm;awGvJ&SdwJh wu,fhóud;wdkuf? ao'%fcs
rSwfjcif;cHxm;&ol óud;orm;awGvJ&SdwJh wu,fh óud;wdkuf? ao'%fcsrSwfjcif;cHxm;&ol óud;orm;u
awmh ESpfOD;yJ&Sdygao;w,f? wOD;uvlowfr_/ wOD;uawmh "m;jyvlowfr_?
usaemfjrif&wJh usaemfah &SŒwnfw h nft h cef;(2)ckuawmh udak &$ref;wd‹k tcef;eJ‹ a0guw kd ifa&$w‹kd tcef;/
udka&$ref;tcef;u udka&$ref;eJ‹tjcm;olwOD;&Sdovdk/ a0gudkwifa&$}uD;tcef;uvJ udkwifa&$}uD;eJ‹ udkcspf
aqmifOD;wdk‹ESpfOD;? (udkwifa&$}uD;um; &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkaemufydkif; NLD (teft,fvf'D) a0g
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,/f usaemfw‹kd e‹J ae&pOf 1982 umvwke;f uawmh/ 10(u) Edik if aH &;tusO;f orm;)?
usaemfu h akd wmh pD;yGm;a&;r_e‹J axmufvrS ;f a&;uzrf;xm;wJh yk*Kd~ vfEpS Of ;D eJ‹twlxm;w,f? wOD;u
OD;=uifarmif/ wOD;u OD;pd;k jrifw h ?hJ tr_u u|e;f opftr_? ESpOf ;D pvH;k [m w&Gmwnf;om;? OD;=uifarmife‹J
OD;pd;k jrifu
h olw‹kd tr_[m bmrSr[kw/f usaemfv h Ekd ikd if aH &;r_r[kww f t
hJ wGuf r=umcifjyefvw $ rf mS aocsm
w,fvdk‹ r=umr=um ajymavh&Sdw,f?
olw‹kd EpS af ,mufpvH;k u aq;vdyu f kd taoóudu?f cufwmu axmif0ifpmuvJ wa,mufrrS &S?d
aq;vdyf[m 'DxJrSm wu,fhaiG wu,fha&$? tjyifrSmwkef;u aq;vdyfudkeJeJyg;yg; aomufcJhao;ayrJh
'DxJvdkae&ma&mufawmh usaemfuaq;vdyfudkraomufbJaevdk‹ vG,fvG,fulul&Edkifw,f? olwdk‹rSm
uawmh wu,fhudk'kuQ? aq;vdyfraomuf&&if raeEdkif?
(5)wdkufxJwkef;uvJ aq;vdyf óudufolawG&J‹'kuQudk usaemf}udrfzefrsm;pGm awG‹zl; ñuHzl; =um;zl;
18 0if;wifhxGef;
rsm;vS+yD?
(5)wdkuf&J‹ae‹vnfae‹cif;awGrSmæ
“armfxl; tdk[m”
“wtdk;ygæ”qdkwJh apmabme,feJ‹apmfap;xl;wdk‹&J‹ tjyeftvSefvSrf;qufoG,fajymqdkoHawG
r=umr=um=um;&w,f? apmabme,feJ‹apmap;xl;wdk‹u autJif,lu u&if&Jabmfav;ESpfa,muf?
tpuawmh 'Du&if&Jabmfav;ESpfa,muf u&ifpum;eJ‹bmawGajymqdkae=uovJqdkwm usaemfem;
rvnf? aemufydkif; rdwfaqGwOD;uajymjyrS “armfxl; tdk[mæ”qdkwm aq;vdyf&Sdvm;vdk‹ vSrf;ar;oH
jzpf+yD; “wtdk;ygæ”qdkwm “r&Sdbl;”vdk‹vSrf;ajzoHrSef; usaemfodvm&ygawmhw,f? armfxl;tdk[meJ‹
wtdk;ygæ (5)wdkufxJrSm r=umr=um=um;cJh&wJh toHESpfckjzpfcJhw,f?
usaemf&h ‹J csprf w d af qG ud'k goausmx f ;l }uD;uawmh wae‹/ xwJ+h yD; “&Jabmfw‹dk &Jabmfw‹kd æ wqdwf
em;qifygcifAsm”wJh? bmrsm;ygvdrfhr,fvdk‹ aoaocsmcsm em;pGifhvdkuf=ucsdefrSmæ“usaemfhrSm tr
wa,muf&ydS gw,f/ ±ky&f nfvnf; rqd;k ygb;l / pdwaf epdwx f m;vJ oifyh gw,f/ tJ'gæ a,mufzawmfcsiw f hJ
olrsm;&Sd&if æ usaemfhtrudk aq;vdyfESpfq,feJ‹a&mif;r,f/ aq;vdyfay;=uygAsKd‹ æ” wJh?
tm;vHk; ðyH;rdcJh=uygw,f? pdwfraumif;pGmeJ‹ ðyH;rdcJhwmyg?
olu tJ'Dvdktwnfayguf[movkyf avvHwif±Hkru/ oleJ‹&if;ESD;wJh usaemfhudkvJ ol‹&J‹aq;vdyf
aomuf&a&;pDrcH su}f u;D xJrmS =uzH efacsmufcs toH;k csomG ;cJyh gao;w,f? wnæ tdycf sed v f J ra&mufao;
tdyv f rJ tdyEf ikd af o;wJh nwnrSm/ oHwikd af &S‹rsuEf mS tyf+yD; aumif;uifwcdq k D vSr;f ar#maf i;ilaerdwek ;f
napmif0h g'gtopfwOD; usaemft h cef;a&S‹a&mufvmw,f? 0g'gtopfuav;u toufawmif ESpq f ,f
ausmaf o;[efrwlyg/ 0g'gyg;vJ 0ao;[efrwlyg? olu usaemft h cef;a&S‹a&muf+yD;rS ajcoH;k av;vSr;f qkwf
+y;D wduk ±f ;kH cef;bufuvmEdik w f hJ wckwnf;aomt0ifwcH g;aygu0f qD vSr;f =unfv h u kd yf gao;w,f? aocsm
oGm;yH&k rS b,forl S 'DbufvmEdik zf , G &f mr&Sad wmhv‹kd pdwcf somG ;[ef&rdS S ol‹abmif;bDtw d xf u J ae wpHk
wckudk qGJxkwfvdkufygw,f? aq;vdyfav; av;ig;ajcmufvdyf?
usaemfu tHh=oaerdw,f?
“cifAsm;u aA'ifvuQ%mynm awmfawmf wwfw,fv‹kd [d;k æ bufu udak usmx f ;l u ajymvdu k f
w,f? tJ'g usaemfh=unfhay;prf;ygAsmæ”wJh?
tif; æ ud'k gouawmh vkyv f u kd jf yef+yD? ol‹t}uHtzefZmwfvrf;xJ igu h rkd ygygatmif qGo J iG ;f vdu
k f
+yDvdk‹ 'ufceJodvdkuf&if;/ ol‹&J‹aq;vdyfaomufcsifvGef;r_}uD;udk pmemem;vnfrd&if;/ aygufwJhezl; rxl;
awmhygb;l qdw k phJ Of;pm;r_rsK;d eJ‹ usaemfrh mS cyfwnfwnfaA'ifvuQ%mq&m vky&f ygawmhw,f? awmfyg
ao;&JŒ/ r[mbkwfA[kokwav;eJ‹ udkif±dk A[kokwav; &Sdxm;ayvdk‹om? Edk‹r[kwf rvG,f? em&D0uf
avmuf =uHzefa[mvdkuf&w,f?
aemufae‹reuf 0g'gawG reufqikd ;f nqdik ;f vJomG ;+yD;csed af vmufrmS awmh “uAsmq&ma&æ uAsm
q&m&J‹/ rae‹nu usKyfzefvu kd wf thJ uGu0f if&‹J vm;”vd‹k atmfar;w,f? “cifAsm; awmfawmf jy\em
&SmwJhvl”vdk‹ atmfajzawmh olu w[m;[m;&,faew,f? +yD;awmh “aqm&D;yJ uAsmq&ma&æ
rwwfEikd b f ;l / cifAsm; t&nftcsi;f udk ,H+k yD;om;/ tJ'g aq;vdy&f &if *efzvm;csrmS usaemfu h akd y; æ”wJ?h
tck 'D&ifuGJwdkufxJa&mufvmawmh udk'goxufqdk;wJh vl}uD;ESpfa,mufeJ‹ vmawG‹ae&jyef+yD?
0if;wifhxGef; 19
“udk=uifarmifæ cifAsm; &Sefapmifav;a&mif;Asm”
w&uf æOD;pd;k jrifu h rsuaf rSmif}uD;udw k eG ‹f xm;&mu tqdðk ycsuw f ifoH av;av;eufeuf xGuv f m
w,f?
oHwdkifem;rsufESmuyf+yD; awmifawmiftDtDvSrf;=unfhaewJh OD;=uifarmif&J‹cE<mudk,f}uD; wGef‹ceJ
jzpfoGm;w,f?
“udkpdk;jrifh&m 'gav;awmh ra&mif;yg&apeJ‹Asm/ rdef;rudk,fwdkif aoaocsmcsm&uf+yD; trSwfw&
xm;wmav;rdk‹ygæ”wJh?
“trav; æ cifAsm;uvJ bmta&;}uD;vJ/ tdrfaxmifoufawmif ESpftpdwfausmf+yDyJ[mæ”
“r[kwfbl; udkpdk;jrifh&J‹/ 'Dapmifav;u tdrfaxmifOD;ypPnf;As/ tdrfrSm {nfhonfapmifonfvm&if
awmif 'Dapmifawmh xkwfray;cJhbl;As/ 'ga=umifhvJ ckxdtopftwdkif;yJ ta&mifawmifrnd‡K;bl;? ckrSæ
axmufvSrf;a&;awGvmqGJrS 'Dapmifav;udk rdef;ru wrifrSwfrSwfom;om;xnfhay;vdkufwm æ”
“cifAsm;Asmæ=uHzef ESarsmaew,f/ usKyfrmS ygvmwJh wufx&Guw f u dk yf akH wmif xkwvf +J yD;+yD? tJ'g
yGaJ eyGx
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tjynfhr&ygbl;/ xrif;xdk;"m;jyu a&mif;ay;c yGJcq,fvdyfjzwfoGm;w,f/ tJ'gvJ cifAsm;todyJæ
usKyfwdk‹ESpfa,muf twlwlaomufcJh =uwmyJ? 'Dwcgawmh cifAsm;a&mif;zdk‹oifhwmaygh”
OD;=uifarmifrsufESm}uD;rSm òydawmhr,fhrdk;ES,f jzpfvmw,f? usaemfu zsmpkwfav;ay:rSmvSJ&if;
olwdk‹ESpfa,mufrsufESmawGudk ai;arm=unfhaerdw,f? c%=umawmhæ
“usaemfh ykqdk;av;a&mif;vdkufr,fAsm/ apmifav;awmh rvkyfygeJ‹/ ykqdk;uvJ rSwfrSwf&& oHk;cgyJ
0wfzl;ao;wmyg/ 'DxJrSm wcgrSawmifr0wfzl;bl; æ”
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&yfvmw,f?
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uudkif+yD; rD;av;wwdk‹avmuf&Edkifzdk‹ pum;p&Smajym&if; aq;vdyfrD;awmif;w,f?
“usaemfw‹kd EpS af ,mufu opfry_ g/ ol‹vkd Edik if aH &;r[kwyf gb;l / Edik if aH &;orm;vJ r[kwyf gb;l / tr_u
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pum;csDawmhæ
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OD;=uifarmif}uD;rSm rsufvHk;av;ayuvyfayuvyf jzpfvmw,f?
20 0if;wifhxGef;
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rweftr_}uD;wmæ”vd‹k jzJajcmufomG ;&if; rD;jcpfav;wjcpfjcpf+yD; rD;n‡ad y;oGm;cJw
h ,f? OD;=uifarmif}uD;
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kH wdik ;f
wax&mwnf;? usaemfhrSm ðyH;& tcuf &D&tcuf/ &DvJ r&D&ufjyef?
(3)
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t&m&m jyifqifnd‡E_dif;a&;qGJxm;=u+yD;+yD?
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qifE$J+yD; uae‹awmh jyif;jyif;xefxefqifE$Jzdk‹txd &nfpl;jyifqifxm;wmjzpfygw,f?
reuf*efzvm;csrmS usaemfwa,mufwnf;u aomufa&td;k a&jznfah &;a&m ao;*efzvm;csa&;
udkyg wm0ef,l&r,f? OD;pdk;jrifhu acs;*Hzvm;udkcs+yD; tcsdefudkwwfEdkifor#qGJ&if; tqltaiguf cHwef
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vsifvsifoGufoGufeJ‹ r&&atmifaumuf,l&r,f? udk,fht&if*efzvm;csoGm;wJholawGxJuvJ Áa¹EN
rysuaf umuf,o l mG ;=uOD;rSmjzpfwt hJ wGuf rsm;rsm;awmhr&Edik rf mS aocsmw,f? r&&if óud;orm;qDu
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zvm;udkvJ toifhjyifxm;+yD;+yD?
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kd w f meJ‹ usaemfuaomufa&td;k udq k +JG yD;
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wkefwkefeJ‹ acs;*efzvm;udk jznf;jznf;csif; oGefaew,f?
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om;a&cg;ywfw&rf;&rf;eJ‹ OD;pdk;jrifh}uD;udk *efzvm;jrefjrefaq;zdk‹ ajymaew,f? toHu cyfxefxef?
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0if;wifhxGef; 21
armarmeJ‹xdkifcsvdkuf+yD; ol‹ykqdk;cg;ydkufaxmifav;udk *±kwpdkufjznfcsvdkufygw,f?
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r,fh aq;vdyfwdkav;u oHk;vdyf? 'gav;awGtm;vHk;[m uae‹ppfqifa&;}uD;wckvHk;&J‹ &v'f?
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vdk‹ ypfxm;wmyJvm; rodbl;/ ckwifatmuftxd av;bufaxmufaumuf,l&w,f? armifrif;}uD;
om;wdk‹uawmh óud;apmifh0g'gawGqdkawmh aomufraumif; v$ifhypfvdkufrSmyJ/ tvSnfhus wnvHk;
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aomufraumif;vd‹k rsm;rsm;v$iyhf pfav²²² &Sn&f n S &f avayg”h OD;=uifarmif}uD;uajym&if; ezl;jyifay:u
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22 0if;wifhxGef;
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0if;wifhxGef; 23
24 0if;wifhxGef;
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(1)
avmu}uD;rSm a'go avmb tmCmw trke;f w&m;wd‹k a=umifrh o S m axmifw‹kd wef;wd‹k xJ a&muf
vm=u&wmr[kwf?
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0if;wifhxGef; 25
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kd &hf mG nDtudak rmifErS aqGrsK;d om;
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a[m'DurBmajr}uD;&J‹ yx0D0ife,ferd w d af wGtay:rSmawmh tcsKyftjcmtm%me,fajrawG wdwd
usus cdik cf ikd cf ef‹cef‹ owfowfrw S rf w S wf nf&=dS u+yD; tcsKyftjcmtm%mydik pf ;kd r_qw kd m tESpo f m&t&udk
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ol‹tonf;ESvHk;udk odrf;óuH;qGJiif oHa,mZOffóud;awG w&pf+yD;w&pf qifwwfaecJh+yD?
'DtcsdefrSm olol‹arG;&yfajrqD 2§ 80 udktoHk;cs+yD; vSpfceJwacgufwusif; jyefzdk‹jyifawmh =uifol
oufxm; ra&$xm;rsuEf mS ay:rSm rsu&f nfawG0v J ‹kd ? “r=umygb;l / jyefvmrSmyg/ pdwcf syg” vd‹k ajymwm
r,Hkcsifr,Hk&J? b,frSm ,Hk&J&SmyghrvJ? r,Hk&J&Smwmudku u±k%moufp&m jzpf&jyef+yD? “rjyefvdk‹r&
bl;vm;uG,f”vdk‹ rsuf&nf0J0JeJ‹ajymwmudku arwWm&J‹twdrfteuf jy'g;wdkifav;jzpf&jyef+yD? ol‹&J‹
jyefcsipf w d ef ‹J jyefcsiwf mudk ra&$xm;u em;vnfpmG oabmxm;}uD;pGmeJ‹ wif;wif;usyu f syaf wmh rwm;
&Sm? uoduatmufjzpfatmif pdwt f aESmift h ,Suf jzpfatmifvJ bmwckav;rSrvky&f mS ? tJ'v D kd rvkyf
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cJhw,f? =uifolu rsuf&nfawGw0J0JeJ‹ orD;av;vufudkqGJ+yD; ol‹&J‹arG;&yfajrodk‹ tjyefc&D;udk wzuf
aom e,fpyfrsO;f a=umif;uae vdu k yf ‹kd &mS w,f? “rif; æ vdrw f maerSmyg/ rif; æ jyefvmawmhrmS r[kwf
awmhbl;xifygw,f æ”vdk‹vJ ±_dufoHawG a0ha0h=um;uae r,Hkr&JpdwfeJ‹ wwGwfwGwf ajym&Smw,f?
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tjypfuif;pif&SmwJh orDd;av;uawmh ol‹rsufESmudk rsufvHk;}uD;t0dkif;om;eJ‹=unfh+yD; “azaz&,f æ
26 0if;wifhxGef;
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ol‹Zmwd&Gmajrjyefa&mufawmh ol‹nDtudkarmifESr aqGrsKd;om;csif;awGu 0dkif;0dkif;vnfatmif óud=u
w,f? ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm uGJuGmaecJ&wJh ol‹tay: aEG;aEG;axG;axG; ðyrl=uw,f? oHa,mZOf&J‹ trSwf
tom;awGukd olw‹kd azmfjywwfovdk a'giahf ygi;f pHu k ae azmfjycJ=h uw,f? olvt J wd;k cs+yD; auseyf=unfE;l
&wm trSef yg?
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nDtudak rmifErS awGukd vma&mufEw _ qf ufwmomjzpf+yD;/ tpuwnf;u jyefz‹kd q;kH jzwfcsuyf g+yD;om;
jzpfwJhtwGuf jyefzdk‹jyifygw,f? ZeD;eJ‹orD;av;qD jyefzdk‹jyifygw,f?
olu ol‹&J‹ nDtudkarmifESr t&if;tcsmawGudk ol‹&J‹ta=umif;xky`wf b0rSefudk vdktyfovdk
&Sif;vif;ajymjywm vkyfcJhygw,f? ol‹rSm xdkif;EdkifiHol xdkif;trsKd;orD;ZeD;onfeJ‹ orD;av;vJ&Sdae+yD
jzpfwt hJ a=umif;/ 2§ 80 a=unmcsuu f tkd oH;k cs+yD; ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGmuGu
J mG aecJ&h wJh ZmwdajreJ‹ nDtudk
armifESr aqGrsKd;om;csif;awGudk awG‹csifjrifcsifvGef;vdk‹ ra&mufa&mufatmifvmcJhwmjzpfwJhtwGuf
ol‹tay: em;vnfauseyfay;=uygawmhqdkwJhta=umif;awG ajymqdk&Sif;vif; azsmif;zscJhygw,f?
ol‹&‹J nt D udak rmifErS aqGrsK;d om;csi;f awGuvJ oHa,mZOf}uD;vGe;f vSwo hJ ‹l tay: oHa,mZOfpw d f
arwWmpdwfawGeJ‹yJ rjyefawmhzdk‹ta=umif;/ onfrSmyJaeawmhzdk‹ta=umif; rsuf&nfvnf&$JeJ‹ jyefvnf
wHk‹jyefawmif;cH azsmif;zs=uygw,f? olu &ifeifhpGmeJ‹acgif;cgjycJhygw,f? aemufqHk;rSmawmh æ
ol‹tay:oHa,mZOf}uD;rm;vSwJh ol‹&J‹nDtudkarmifESrwpk&J‹pOf;pm;a&G;cs,fyHku æ
xdik ;f Edik if u
H jkd yefomG ;&if aemifb,fawmhraS wG‹&ygawmhrvJ/ awG‹csirf aS wmifawG‹Eikd rf mS r[kwaf wmh
wJh tajctaersKd;txdvJ jzpfoGm;Edkifw,f? wEkdifiHpDjzpffoGm;&+yD r[kwfvm;? 'DrSmqdkv#if aemufqHk;
axmifxJa&mufoGm;&+yD qdk&ifawmif axmifuvGwf&if jyefawG‹&rSmyJ? b,frSmrS oGm;vdk‹r&awmhyJ
jyefawG‹EdkifrSmyJvdk‹ olwdk‹rDor# Om%fav;avmufeJ‹pOf;pm;=u+yD;/ pdwfqdk;csifqdk;/ pdwfemcsifem 'Dvrf;
uyJaumif;ao;w,fv‹kd oabmxm;+yD;/ xdik ;f Edik if q H D jyefv‹kd r&awmhatmifqw kd hJ awG;vH;k wdrw
f rd af v;
awGeJ‹yJ tHudkwif;+yD; axmufvSrf;a&;qdkwmudkoGm;+yD; vufwdk‹vdkuf=uygw,f?
&v'ftjzpf udkpdk;xGwf tzrf;cHvdkuf&ygw,f?
“oufqdkif&m”qdkwJh taumifrsm;u udkpdk;xGwfudk vufxdyfcwfay;vdkuf=uygw,f? 'DvdkeJ‹ yk'fr
17(1)(2)qdkwJh bGJ‹xl;eJ‹ udkpdk;xGwfwa,muf EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;wOD; jzpfvmcJh&ygawmhw,f?
(2)
yk'fr 5/n qdkwJh bGJ‹xl;eJ‹ EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;wOD;jzpfwJh usaemf[m wdkufwumpHkatmifaecJh&

zl;ayrJh udpk ;kd xGw}f uD;eJ‹wu
kd x
f rJ mS twlrqHck &hJ bl;yg? 'gayrJh udpk ;kd xGw&f ‹J emrnfe‹J udpk ;kd xGw&f ‹J Zmwfvrf;
wpdwfwydkif;udk ukdpdk;xGwfeJ‹twlaecJh&zl;olawGqDuaewqifh usaemf=um;od&if;ESD;aecJhygw,f?
usaemfudk,fwdkif yk'fr 5/n ESpfckxyfeJ‹ ESpfr_pvHk; axmifcscH&+yD;wJhaemuf wdkufuae axmifus
0if;wifhxGef; 27
aqmifukd a&mufvm&wJt h cg/ (1)aqmifrmS udpk ;kd xGwef ‹J waqmifwnf; jzpfvm&±Hrk u/ tvky}f uD;xJrmS
vJ tvkyfwlawGjzpfvm&ygawmhw,f? usaemfhudk tvkyfcsxm;ay;jcif;cH&wmu zdeyfcsKyfbkwf/ udkpdk;
xGwfvJ zdeyfcsKyfbkwf?
usaemfwdk‹EdkifiHa&;orm;awGudk tvkyf}uD;bkwfwckwnf;rSmtwlcsxm;ray;bJ/ axmiftm%m
ydik af wGu bkwrf wlwmawG jzef‹ccJG sxm;ay;ygw,f? zdeyfcsKyf/ ,ufuef;. vuform;pwJh bkwaf wGrmS
usaemfwdk‹&J‹&JabmfawG usaemfwdk‹EdkifiHa&;orm;awG csxm;jcif;cH&ygw,f?
usaemfwdk‹ zdeyfcsKyfbkwfrSmudk 5/nawGtjzpf usaemf/ AdkvfZifaumh/ pdk;0if;/ udkarmifarmifwdwf/
OD;xGef;jrifh/ OD;jrpdef/ OD;atmif=unf/ udkaX;atmif(Zifvif;) pwJholawG&Sd+yD;/ 17(1)(2)awGtjzpfu
udkpdk;xGwf/ apm&Sufz/ csmvD pwJholawG&Sdygw,f?
udpk ;kd xGw/f apm&Suzf / csmvDw‹kd e‹J Advk Zf ifaumh/ pd;k 0if;/ usaemfw‹kd u zdeyfcsKyfrmS rS ±Hv k nf; w±Hw k nf;?
usaemf/ Adv k Zf ifaumh/ pd;k 0if;wd‹k u zdeyfcmG ±du k /f udpk ;kd xGwef ‹J apm&Suzf }uD;uawmh zdeyfcsKyf pufuikd ?f
rsufESmay:rSm rkwfqdwfar$;/ yg;odkif;ar$;ikwfwkdawG tòydif;t±dkif;eJ‹udkpdk;xGwf}uD;u tjrJwef;
ðyH;ðyH;ðyH;ðyH;eJ‹ aewwfw,f? &ifxrJ mS vG,x f m;&wJh a0'emawGtwdik ;f omae&r,fq&kd if ol‹rsuEf mS ay:
tðy;H av;wpawmif xifEikd zf , G &f mr&S?d 'gayrJh Edifk if aH &;orm;tjzpfu vmcJw h o
hJ [l m 'Dvkd tusO;f axmif
twGif;rSm tHwif;&if;u òyH;+yD;aeEdkifcJhw,f?
“usaemfu æusaemfh nDtudkarmifESrawGu usaemfhudkcspfvGef;vdk‹ axmifuscJh&wmygAsm”vdk‹
a=uuGpJ mG &,farmwwfw,f? tvky}f uD; zdeyfcsKyf±x kH rJ mS vufr&Sad wmhwt hJ us}ô uD;udk 0wfxm;wwf+yD;/
ykq;kd udv k J wdw k ydk gatmif0wfxm;wwfwhJ ol‹y[ kH m wcgw&Hus ±d;k wHawGòydi;f òydi;f xaewJh uE mW &opfyif
tdk}uD; wyifvdkvJjzpfaewwfw,f? ±dk;wHawG tòydif;òydif;x+yD;jrif&wm txD;usefqefvGef;oa,mif
&Sad yrJh a&aomufjrpf&+dS yD;om; &Sio f efaeqJ 'Dopfyif}uD;[m wae‹ &Guo f pfz;l EkawGwa0a0eJ‹ jyefvnf
EkysKdvef;jr pdrf;pdkvmOD;rSmudkawmh vlwdkif;jrifEdkif=uvdrfhr,fr[kwfyg?
“vm=uAsKd‹ æ a&aEG;=urf;&+yD”
wae‹vnfcif; tm;vyfcsed rf mS usaemfw‹kd &‹J apm=uufz}uD;u usaemfw‹kd ukd wd;k wd;k vSr;f ac:w,f?
ol‹cjrm us,u f s,af c:vd‹k awmh rjzpf? 'Dupd u P odomodaprjrifapeJ‹ vky&f wJu h pd ?P axmifxrJ mS w&m;
0iftm;jzifh a&aEG;=urf;wnfaomufz‹kd aeaeomom rD;jcpfawmifuikd cf iG &hf w dS mr[kw?f 'D=um;xJu wm
0efusaxmiftm%mydik f yg;uGuo f m;awGrodatmif t=uHtzeftrsK;d rsK;d eJ‹ a&aEG;=urf;aomuf&atmif
wnf&wmrsK;d jzpfygw,f? rsm;rsm;pm;pm;vJ wnfEikd w f mr[kw?f 'ga=umifh aemufwcsuu f vltm;vH;k
udkvJ vmaomufzdk‹ zdwfrE WurðyEdkif? &if;&m&if;&m/ eD;&meD;&mtvdkufyJ 0dkif;zGJ‹&wJhoabm?
udkpdk;xGwfudkif&&m zdeyfcsKyfpuf}uD;&J‹ab;u usOf;usOf;usyfusyfae&mrSm usaemf/ AdkvfZifaumh/
udkpdk;xGwfeJ‹ apm=uufz}uD;wdk‹ acgif;csif;qdkif xdkifjzpf=uw,f?
usaemfwdk‹oGm;av&m o,foGm;&wJh vufpGJawmf ºuGyfºuGyftdwfav;awGxJu yHkpH'efyef;uefvHk;
av;awGxkwf+yD; apm=uufz}uD;a&S‹csay;vdkuf&w,f?
apm&Sufz}uD;u u&iftrsKd;om;? t&yfuykjywfjywfav;om jzpfayrJh ar;±dk;um;um; rsufESm
jym;jym;}uD;eJ‹ qHyifawGu tarmufvdkaxmifaeawmh/ ‘apm&Sufz’qdkwJh ol‹eHrnfeJ‹ toHxGufrwdrf;
28 0if;wifhxGef;
r,drf;vJjzpf/ ol‹udk cspfpEdk;ac:wmvJjzpfatmif ‘apm=uufz}uD;’vdk‹ usaemfwdk‹wawGu ac:=uw,f?
usaemfwdk‹awG&J‹ 'efyef;uefav;awGxJa&m ol‹yef;uefav;xJyg a&aEG;=urf;awGudk r#a0xnfh
ay;±Hrk u/ apm=uufz}uD;u wavmav;urS ol‹trd u f axmif0ifpmvmxm;vd‹k &xm;wJh axmif0ifpm
xkyfao;ao;xJu xef;vsufcJxkyfav;udkvJjznf+yD; wa,mufwvHk;pD a0ay;ao;w,f?
apm=uufz}uD;u xef;vsucf aJ v;udk ewfo'k g< r0DS o J vdk rS0D &J if; a&aEG;=urf;yef;uef 'efyef;uefv;Hk
rGJnpfnpfudk vufESpfzufeJ‹ *±kwpdkufpHkudkfif&if; wzl;zl;r_wfaewmjrif&awmh/
“udk=uufz}uD; æ cifAsm;a&aEG;=urf;aomufzdk‹ wzl;zl;r_wfaewmuvJ uvJ&Deuf(Clarinet)
r_wfwmrsm; owd&aeovm;”vdk‹ usaemfu prdw,f?
ud=k uufz}uD;u [ufceJwcsu&f +D yD; “'DrmS avawmif rc|et f m;ygb;l Asm”vd‹k ajym&Smw,f? 'DxrJ mS
jzpfovdk aexdik af e&&SmwJh udak pm=uufz}uD;[m wu,fu wu,f*h w D ynm&Sif qdAk , D ufu tEkynm
wuUov kd w f ckuae avr_ww f &l ,d meJ‹b‹JG awmif&vmcJwh o hJ ?l tckawmh avawmifrc|eEf ikd b f J zdeyfcsKyf
pufuikd af e&wJb h 0? autJi, f el ‹J ywfouf+yD; rw&m;oif;tufOya' yk'rf 17(1)(2)eJ‹ axmif '%f(3)
ESpf csrSwfcHxm;&ol?
“udkpdk;xGwf}uD;uawmh wajz;ajz;eJ‹vGwfzdk‹eD;vm+yDayghaemf æ”vdk‹ AdkvfZifaumhu udkpdk;xGwf
}uD;udkar;w,f?
“tif; æeD;vm+yD/ vGwf&ifawmh rjzpfjzpfatmif orD;eJ‹ZeD;qD ajy;Edkifatmifóud;pm;&rSmyJ? 'Du
aqGrsK;d om;csi;f awGuawmh woufrarhEikd af tmifukd E_wq f ufvu kd =f u+yD;+yDyAJ sm? usaemfuvJ awG‹qkH
E_wfqufcJh+yD;+yDyJ”
“at;Asm æ cifAsm;tjzpfuvJ æ”
“'ga=umifh usaemf c%c%ajymaejzpfwmaygh/ usaemfu usaemfhaqGrsKd;om;csif;awGu cspfvGef;
vd‹k axmifusvmcJ&h wmygv‹kd ? olw‹kd uawmh usaemf'v D kd axmifuswmoGm;&&if axmifuvGwv f m&if
b,frSoGm;vdk‹&rSm r[kwfawmhbl;vdk‹rsm; wGuf&w,fvdk‹Asm? at;av æ olwdk‹awGcrsmvJ æ”
udkpdk;xGwf}uD;u oufjyif;zGzGeJ‹ajym&Smw,f?
“cifAsm;ZeD;eJ‹ orD;av;uawmh b,fvdkrsm;xifrvJ rodbl;aemf æ” usaemfu pmempdwfouf
oufeJ‹yJ awG;awG;qqajymrdw,f?
“usaemf pdwfraumif;bl;Asm/ usaemf ArmjynfbufxGufvmr,fhtcsdef æ olwdk‹om;trd
usaemfu h v kd ukd yf ‹kd &if;eJ‹ rif;vdrwf maerSmyg æ rif;jyefvmrSmr[kwaf wmhb;l xifygw,f æ vd‹k rsu&f nf
av;w0J0JeJ‹ ajymaewJhyHkudkyJ c%c% owd&aew,fAsm? tckawmh æ olwdk‹qD jyefra&mufvmEdkifyJ
'gavmufawmifumvawG ESpfawGvawG=umae+yDqdkawmh ²²² olwdk‹pdwfxJ usaemfvdrfoGm;wmvdk‹
wxpfcspGJoGm;EdkifwmayghAsm/ usaemfrvdrfygbl;Asm æ jyefudkjyefrSmyg/ olwdk‹om;trdqDa&mufatmif
jyefrSmyg/ olwdk‹cjrm usaemfaxmifxJ 'Dvdkb0a&mufaewm b,fvdkvkyfodEdkifyghrvJ æ”
udkpdk;xGwftoHay:rSm wu,fhudka=uuGJ&dyfawG pGef;xifqdkif;wGJ‹aecJhw,f?
“AdkvfrSL;atmifuawmh usaemfhudk vGwfapcsifwJhapwemeJ‹ w&m;±Hk;rSmusaemfhbufuae ouf
aotjzpf xGufay;&Smygw,f? 'gayrJh r&ygbl;Asm? 17(1)(2)u yk'frwyf+yD;&if teJqHk;=urf;cif;aps;
0if;wifhxGef; 29
&Sd+yD;om;yJ?”
usaemfwdk‹tm;vHk; oufjyif;ukd,fpD ±_dufrd=uygw,f?
“usaemf jyefjzpfatmifujkd yefrmS / rjzpfjzpfwehJ nf;eJ‹ óud;pm;+yD;jyefrmS / usaemfrvdrcf zhJ ;l qdw k m jyudk
jy&r,f? +yD;awmh æ 'Dvdkppftm%m&SifawG&J‹ tkyfpdk;r_atmufrSmvJ usaemfraecsifygbl;Asm? usaemf
æ [du k kd jyefa&muf&if/ yef;yJqufxrk ,f æud, k yhf ef;yJzrkd mS yef;yJx+k yD; toufarG;&if; wdik ;f jynf&‹J tajc
taeudk vSrf;=unfhaer,fAsm æ”
cHpm;r_tjynfheJ‹ ajymjyaewJh ol‹pum;oHudk qufvufem;pGifhaerdcJh=uw,f?
“cifAsm;wdk‹vJ aemif æ ta=umif;a=umif;eJ‹ xdkif;e,fpyfzufrsm; a&mufvmcJhvdk‹&Sd&if tcsdef
ra&G; usaemfu h v
kd mawG‹=uyg? yef;yJxw k AhJ rm}uD;vd‹k ajym&if usaemfeh mrnfukd ajymvdu k &f if tJ'b
D ufrmS
od=uygw,fAsm? vlqw kd m ajymvd‹k &wmr[kwb f ;l ? wa=umif;r[kww f a=umif;eJ‹ a&mufjzpfcsiaf &muf
jzpfwm æ ? EdkifiHa&;orm;qdkwm ydkawmif tJ'DvdkñuHEdkifao;w,f æ?
udkpdk;xGwf}uD;u olawmifaxmifu rxGuf&ao;cifuwnf;u usaemfwdk‹udk óudwifzdwfrE Wu
ðyaecJhw,f? ol‹pum;awGu olrkcsjyefudkjyefr,fqdkwm tcdkiftrm azmf!$ef;ae±Hkru/ ol‹=uifol[m
ol‹ukd olw‹kd EpS af ,muf 'd;k wlabmifzuf vkyu f ikd pf m;aomuf aexdik cf =hJ uwJh yef;yJzakd v;uae/ oljyefvm
r,fhtcsdefudk rrSdwfrokefapmifhvifhóudqdkaerSmudk oHo,uif;pGm tcdkiftrm,Hk=unfaewmudkvJ xif
[yfay:vGiaf ecJw h ,f? a=omf æ ol‹cspo f &l ‹J opPmtonf;ESv;kH udk pd;k pOf;rSoo H ,r0if ,H=k unf av;euf
vGef;vdkufwmvdk‹cHpm;rd&if;/ usaemfrSma=uuGJr_awG=um;uae =unfEl;qGwfysH‹ovdkvdkawmif jzpfvdkuf
ao;w,f? usaemfu qGwyf s‹H vrG ;f armzG,af wGukd &ifcek w f wfoq l akd wmh wcgrrS jrifz;l bl;wJh ol‹&‹J =uifol
oufv,f wjynfolra&$xm;eJ‹ ol‹&J‹tjyefudkwdk;wdwfpGm apmifhvifhai;ar#mfae&Smr,fh rsufvHk;av;
t0dik ;f om;eJ‹ orD;i,fav;&J‹ rsuEf mS awGuykd g tm±Hx k rJ mS yHak zmf=unf&h if; jrifrjd rifa,mif jzpfvmcJw h ,f?
wae!dw k ikd ;f yef;yJzt
kd 0ifvrf;qD ai;&Dar#m±f a_ e&Smr,fh xdik ;f trsK;d orD;av; wa,muf[m ol‹orD;av;
udk vufqGJvdk‹aygh? +yD;awmh Armjynfbufudk rsuf&nf0J0JeJ‹warharm}uD; vSrf;=unfhvdk‹aygh?
(3)
aemufydkif;rSm udkpdk;xGwfta=umif; usaemfr=um;&awmh?

usaemfwdk‹ 5/n tkyfpkudk ppftpdk;&u axmifawGcGJ+yD; ajymif;a&$‹ypfvdkufawmh usaemfu
om,m0wDaxmif a&mufoGm;w,f? AdkvfZifaumhwdk‹ udkpdk;0if;wdk‹awGuawmh awmifilaxmifvdkvdk
=um;&w,f?
usaemfe‹J twl om,m0wDaxmifygvmcJw h hJ OD;xGe;f &Sed }f uD;eJ‹pum;pyfr=d u&if; 'Dtcsed q
f kd udpk ;kd xGwf
}uD;wa,mufawmh xdik ;f e,fajrudjk yefa&muf+yD; ol‹ZeD; ol‹orD;awGe‹J rsm; aysm&f i$ pf mG jyefvnf qHak wG‹ae
avmuf+yDvm;vdk‹awmh ajymrdqdkrd awG;=unfhjzpfrdao;w,f?
usaemfu, kd w
f ikd f axmifusEpS jf ynfv
h ‹kd vw
G af jrmufvm&+yD;wJah emufyikd ;f ±ke;f &if;uef&if; ajy;v$m;
&&if;u &moDpuf0ef;awG t}urd }f urd af usmv f mcJw h ,f? Edik if aH &;owW0gwOD;jzpfc&hJ wJh usaemf[m Edik if aH &;
30 0if;wifhxGef;
0J=oC}uD;xJrSmyJ t}udrf}udrf0&rf;ajy;vJ jzpfaecJh&w,f?
&Spfav;vHk; ta&;awmfyHk}uD;udk ppftkyfpku t=urf;zufòzdcGJESdyfuGyfr_&J‹ tusKd;qufwcktjzpf ppf
tm%m&Sipf epfukd qef‹usi=f uwJh ausmif;om;vli,fawG Edik if aH &;pdw"f mwfjyif;jyolawG 'Dru kd a&pDa&;
v_y&f mS ;olawG axmifaygi;f rsm;pGm xdik ;f e,fpyfwav#muf xkid ;f e,fajrwav#muf a&mufomG ;=u&csed rf mS /
rSwrf wS x f ifxif udpk ;kd xGw}f u;D udo
k wd&aerdovdk udpk ;kd xGw}f u;D aum bmawGrsm; vkyu f ikd af eovJv‹kd vJ
tawG;wcsuf0ifcJhrdao;w,f?
usaemfvJ xdik ;f e,fajrbufqo D m ajy;cJ&h r,fq&kd ifawmh tif;pdeaf xmif zdeyfcsKyftvky}f uD;buf
rSm wbkww f nf;om;csi;f awGjzpfczhJ ;l wJh Edik if aH &;tusO;f om; b0wlcsi;f jzpfczhJ ;l wJh udpk ;kd xGw}f uD;udk rawG‹
awG‹atmif &Smjzpf awG‹jzpf cJhOD;rSmyg? 'gayrJh usaemfu tJ'DbufqDra&mufjzpf? jynfyqD xGufajy;cJh
&wmcsif;wlayrJh xdkif;e,fajrqD ajcrcsjzpf?
umvwckt=umrSmawmh udkpdk;xGwf}uD;emrnfudk usaemfjyef+yD; =um;vm&jyefygw,f? usaemf
wdk‹ udkpdk;xGwfyJvm; eHrnfwludkpdk;xGwfyJvm;qdk+yD; a0a00g;0g;roJruGJ jzpfaerdjyefygw,f?
usaemfu usaemfwdk‹bufqD a&mufa&mufvmwJh rdwfaqGwOD;udk “ol‹trsKd;orD;u xdkif;trsKd;
orD;av æ yef;ykxkwJh udkpdk;xGwfvm;”vdk‹ aocsmatmif ar;jref;=unfhrdaeao;w,f? tJ'DusawmhrS
rvGJEdkifawmh/ usaemfwdk‹rdwfaqG}uD; udkpdk;xGwf?
wavmuawmh usaemfeJ‹tifrwef&if;ESD;wJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifav;wa,mufa&mufvm
w,f? ole‹J pum;pjrnf axG&mav;yg;ajymjzpf=u&if; “rif; æ yef;ykxw k hJ udpk ;kd xGwqf w kd m odvm;”vd‹k
ar;=unfrh jd yefw,f? bm&,fr[kw/f wcsed u f tif;pdeaf xmiftwGi;f tvky}f uD;bkww f cktwGi;f twlwl
aejzpfcJh=uwJh oHa,mZOfpdwfeJ‹yg?
“[m æ odwmaygh OD;&,f æ usaemfwdk‹&JabmfawGu tb tbeJ‹ ac:ae=uwmAs æ”
“a[æ”ceJ jzpfoGm;rdw,f? usaemfu udk,fhudk,fudk b,fwkef;urS }uD;w,fxifrxm;rdawmh
udkpdk;xGwfwa,muf ‘tb’jzpfoGm;wmudk tHh=oovdk jzpfoGm;rdw,f?
“usaemfwdk‹&J‹ &JabmfawGætJ'DbufrSmae&wJh &JabmfawG[m tb&J‹ZeD;udk awmfawmfcspf=u
w,fAs/ 0,fp&m csrf;p&mudpPjzpfjzpfæbmudpPjzpfjzpf xdkif;bmompum;eJ‹ ywfouf+yD; tbZeD;udkyJ
tm;udk;&w,f? bmjzpfjzpf wyifwyef;vdkufvHulnD&Smygw,f æ”
ol‹pum;udk=um;&&if; usaemfhrSm =unfEl;oGm;&jyefw,f?
“OD;pdk;xGwf}uD;uawmh wacgif;vHk; azG;azG;jzLae+yDAs”
usaemfhrSm tHh=ord&if;ðyH;rd&jyefw,f?
udkpdk;xGwf rsufESmudkvJ usaemfjyefvnf yHkazmf=unfhaerdw,f? acgif;ar$;awG azG;azG;jzLaewJh
udkpdk;xGwf}uD;[m ðyH;vdk‹ygvm;?
usaemfjyefrSm æolwdk‹om;trdqD ra&mufa&mufatmifudk jyefrSm æ ckavmufqdk æ usaemf ol@
udk vdro f mG ;wmvd‹k yJ pGrJ sm;oGm;+yDvm; rodygb;l Asm æ”qdw k hJ udpk ;kd xGw}f uD;&JŒ wcsed u f toHawGuv kd /J
vef;qwfpGm jyefvnf=um;a,mifaerdygw,f? ? Ò
0if;wifx
h eG ;f
0if;wifhxGef; 31
32 0if;wifhxGef;
aus;Zl;wkH@wif&Sdygv#ifvJ æ
aus;Zl;wH‹k wif &Syd gv#ifvJ æ

0if;wifx
h eG ;f
(1)
uw!kw/ uwa'0D æ aus;Zl;&Sdoludk aus;Zl;qyf&r,f? aus;Zl;qyfwm[m aus;Zl;odwwf

wm[m r*Fvm æ wJh?
ol.aus;Zl;/ rxdefjrL;ESifh/ aus;Zl;odtyf/ aus;Zl;qyfoifh æ wJh? wvkwfpm;zl; ol‹aus;Zl; æwJh?
aus;Zl;w&m;eJ‹ywfouf+yD; bmoma&;tqH;k trawGrmS a&m/ vlra_ &;tqH;k trawGrmS yg tav;
xm;azmfjycJ=h uygw,f? aus;Zl;w&m;eJ‹ywfouf+yD; Zmwfeyd gwyf jkH yifaygi;f ajrmufjrm;pGm&So d vdk oGeof if
csuaf wG =o0g'awG pum;yHak wG qdq k ;kH rcsuaf wGvJ ra&wGuEf ikd af tmif&cdS yhJ gw,f? b,fEikd if H b,fvrl sK;d
b,fbmomrSmrqdk aus;Zl;w&m;eJ‹ aus;Zl;odwwfrt _ ay: tav;wif; wefz;kd xm;cJ=h uygw,f? aus;Zl;
uef;jcif;&J‹tjypfe‹J aus;Zl;odwwfjcif;&J‹tusK;d udk trsK;d rsK;d tzHzk kH zGiq hf &kd iS ;f jy oGeo f ifq;kH rcJ=h uygw,f?
aus;Zl;udk odwwfatmif aus;Zl;udk tav;xm;wwfatmif ±_axmift h zHzk kH e,fy,ftoD;oD;uae
vrf;a=umif;ay;cJh=u+yD;/ aus;Zl;udkodwwfwm aus;Zl;tay: wkHjhyefaus;Zl;qyfwwfwmudkvJ tav;
tjrwfðyp&mtjzpf/ tEkarm'emðyp&mtjzpf/ 0rf;om=unfE;l p&mtjzpf av;av;eufeuf oabmxm;
cJh=uygw,f? usaemfwdk‹ Ak'<bmome,frSmqdk&if ‘r*Fvm’wyg;tjzpf/ aumif;jrwfwifhw,f rSefuef
usuo f a&&Srd }_ uD;wcktjzpf wdwv d if;vif; pm&if;oGi;f xm;cJyh gw,f? r*Fvmw&m;(38)yg;xJrmS aus;Zl;
odwwfaus;Zl;qyfjcif;[m {&mrr*Fvmw&m;}uD; wckyg?
aus;Zl;odwwfol aus;Zl;qyfob l ufuvJ ESv;kH pdw0f rf; &$iv f ef;p&mjzpfovd/k aus;Zl;tqyfc&H ol
aus;Zl;&Sdol aus;Zl;&SifbufuvJ aus;Zl;qyfjcif;udk awG‹&óuH& jyefvnfvufcH&&dS&wm[m tifrwef
=unfEl;p&m ESpfaxmif;tm;&p&maumif;wJhudpPygyJ? =um;& od& jrif&olrsm;tzdk‹awmif 0rf;ajrmuf
0rf;om =unfE;l p&mwckayg?h r*Fvm&Sw d u hJ pd q
P akd wmh r*Fvm&Sw
d jhJ rifuiG ;f / r*Fvm&Sw d t
hJ jzpfe‹J r*Fvm&S&d dS
ESpfòrd‹p&m =unfEl;p&m om"kac:p&mayyJ?
‘r*Fvm’qdw k m aumif;jrwf wifw h ,f rSeu f ef usuo
f a&&Srd a_ vmufom t"dym` ,fazmfaqmifwm
r[kwf?
“raumif;r_rS y,fazsmufwwfaoma=umifh r*FvH æ r*Fvmrnf.” qdkwJh teufudkawmif xyf
qifh ay;tyfvdkufygao;w,f?
tJ'Dawmh æ aus;Zl;w&m;udk odwwfwm/ wkH@jyefaus;Zl; qyfwwfwm[m r*Fvm? r*Fvmqdk
wmu aumif;jrwfwifhw,f rSefuefjcif;? raumif;r_wdk‹rS y,fazsmufwwfjcif;?
0if;wifhxGef; 33
'gayrJh æ aus;Zl;odwwfol wynfhwa,muf&J‹aus;Zl;qyfjcif;udk cH,l&&Sdvdkuf&wJh ‘OD;cspf[ef’
qdkol 'kp±dkuform;a[mif;}uD;wOD;&J‹wu,fhtjzpftysufuawm æ
(2)
om,m0wDaxmifu t*FvdyfudkvdkeDorm;rsm; vufxufuwnf;u emrnf}uD;axmif?

OD;csp[
f efwa,muf om,m0wDaxmifa&mufvm&awmh toufig;q,fausmf ajcmufq,fwiG ;f
jzpfae+yD? i,fpOfwkef;u tdrfeJ‹axmif ul;csnfoef;csnf }udrfzefrsm;pGma&mufcJh0ifcJh xGufcJhzl;ayrJh
'Dwcga&muf&wmuawmh rwefqHk;? bmwckrS rusL;vGefcJh&ygyJeJ‹ a&mufcJh&jcif; æ wJh? bmyJjzpfjzpf
axmife‹J &if;ES;D u|r;f 0ifaecJ+h y;D om; oltzd‹k 'x D rJ mS b,fvakd e b,fvx kd ikd f b,fvq
kd ufq&H r,fqw kd mawG
awmh aema=uae+yD;om;?
“OD;csp[ f ef}u;D æ bmr_wek ;f ”vd‹k tusO;f om;tcsi;f csi;f ar;=ujref;=uawmh “aus;Zl; tqyfc&H r_”
vdk‹ olujyefajzw,f?
“[m æ vkyfprf;ygOD;As æ cifAsm;tr_a=umif;av; æ”vdk‹ pdwf0ifpm;olawGu qufvufar;jref;
pl;prf;=uawmh olu zGzGav;òyH;w,f?
t&yf&Snf&Snf axmifaxmifarmif;armif;eJ‹ OD;cspf[ef}uD;[m toufajcmufq,fwGif; 0ifcJh+yD
jzpfayrJh usef;rma&;uawmh a'gifa'gifjrnfaeqJ? olu óud‹yifaumufom;? om,m0wD/ oHk;q,f
tkwfzdk/ óud‹yifaumuf/ vufyHwef;/ ZD;ukef;/ ewfwvif;e,fw0dkufu axmifusvmcJh&olawG[m rsm;
aomtm;jzifh om,m0wDaxmifudkyJ ydk‹wwfwmjzpfawmh olvJol,m0wDaxmifudkyJ a&mufvmcJh
&wmjzpfw,f? om,m0wDaxmifxJ a&mufvm=uol trsm;pk[m vlowf"m;jyr_awGjzpfayrJh olu
awmh b,fwek ;f urS vlowfra_ wmhrusL;vGecf b hJ ;l / "m;jyvJrwdu
k cf bhJ ;l ? i,fpOfwek ;f u c%c%usL;vGef
cJzh ;l wmu azmufxiG ;f r_/ vk,ufr/_ trsK;d rsK;d aom avmif;upm;r_? oltu|r;f usiq f ;kH u azmufxiG ;f r_?
“udk,fvJ toufav;q,fhig;ESpfavmufup+yD; 'kp±dkufr_awGudk pGef‹vdkufyg+yD? aumif;a&mif;
aumif;0,fyJ vkypf m;awmhr,fayg/h toufvJ ri,fawmhb;l qdw k hJ tode‹J ayg?h tJ æ wckawmh&w dS mayg/h
udk,feJ‹vJ&if;ESD;+yD; udk,fhta=umif;vJ odzl;+yD;om;jzpfwJhaumifawGu zJ0dkif;}uD;awGaxmif=u/ *sif0dkif;
=uuf0ikd ;f }uD;awG csed ;f 0dik ;f }uD;awGtjzpf vky=f uwJt h cgrmS awmh æ OD;av;&,f tud}k uD;&,fuyl gO;D qd&k if
awmh/ eJeJyg;yg;vdkufvH+yD; 0dkif;xdef;av; yGJxdef;av;vkyfay;wmawmh &Sdygw,f? udk,fhydkufqH wjym;rS
rygygb;l ? xd;k wm avmif;wm xdik w f mvJrvkyyf gb;l ? ab;uae yGt J aetxm; xde;f ay;odr;f ay;/ vdt k yf
&if azsmif;zsay; vl=unfhay;wmrsKd;av;awG vkyfcJhygw,f? tJ'DtwGuf 'dkifvkyfwJhaumifuvJ udk,fhudk
ae‹wu G af y;cJyh gw,f? ±_;H ±_;H Edik Ef ikd f ay;&Smygw,f? Edik &f ifawmh rsm;rsm;ayg?h tJ'gawmif toufig;q,fjynfh
awmh rvkyaf wmhygb;l ? ud, k [ hf mud, k f 0g;av;}udraf v;udik +f yD; jcif;&uf awmif;&uf yvH;k &ufe‹J yJ touf
arG;cJhygw,f æ”
OD;csp[f ef}uD;u ol‹Zmwfa=umif;udk &Snv f sm;pGm yv†icf aH ecsed rf mS ol‹om;&G,f wl&, G f tr_aygi;f pHk
tusOf;om;i,fav;rsm;u pdwf0ifpm;pGm em;axmifae=uygw,f? vlawG&J‹ta=umif;udk tifrwef
pdwf0ifpm;wwfwJh usaemf[mvJ tJ'D em;axmify&dowf}uD;twGif;rSm wa,muftygt0if? 'gayrJh
34 0if;wifhxGef;
usaemfu 0dkif;tjyifbuf cyfvSrf;vSrf;uae+yD; em;axmifaejcif;?
“tJ'v D kd aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f vkyu f ikd pf m;aomuf aexdik af wmhryS J tr_u tdrx f ad &mufvmawmh
wmygyJ æ”
OD;cspf[efu aemufw}udrfðyH;vdkufjyefygw,f? y&dowfem;qifoltaygif;uawmh a&S‹vmvwHW@
aomZmwfvrf;udk pdw0f ifpm;r_tjynfeh ‹J em;pGix hf m;olu em;pGi/hf OD;csp[ f ef&‹J rsuEf mS qD vSr;f =unfo h u l
vSrf;=unfh?
“wae‹aygh æ udk,fujcif;awmif;av;wvkH;&ufaewkef; æ t&ifu udk,fhwynfhjzpfcJhzl;ol
wa,muf aygucf svmw,f? tHr,f æ ud, k f ˜ vlawmif aumif;aumif; rrSwrf cd sib f ;l ? ud,
k af wmfacsm
u awmufawmufajymifajymif jzpfvdk@? +yD;awmh rawG@=uwmuvJ q,fhav;ig;ESpf&Sd+yDav/ tJ'golu
ud, k u hf kd aus;Zl;qyfcsif uefawmhcsiv f ‹kd [dak r;'Dar; ar;+y;D ra&mufa&mufatmifvmcJw h m æ wJ?h [dw k ek ;f
u ud, k Ef pk Ofb0u azmufxiG ;f orm;b0u ol‹ukd ud, k u f ud, k ahf emufvu kd t f jzpf wyGEJ pS yf JG ac:oH;k zl;
ovdk eJeyJ g;yg;vJ ynmav;bmav; oifay;cJzh ;l wmayg?h tJ'w D ek ;f u 'Daumifu touf(20)avmufyJ
&SOd ;D rSm? ynmqdw k muawmh aumif;wJyh nm&yf b,f[w k rf vJ/ b,fvt kd rd f b,fvakd zmuf&w,fqw kd hJ
ynmrsKd;aygh”
OD;cspf[efu ajym&if;ajym&if; ðyH;aejyefw,f?
“wdw k ykd aJ jym=uygp‹kd / olu q&mocifaus;Zl;&Sijf zpfczhJ ;l ol ud, k uhf kd vHck snt f opfusycf |wf (5)uGi;f /
rdef;rtwGuf rdef;r0wfu (3)uGif;eJ‹ uefawmhoGm;w,f? ydkufqHuawmh rygygbl;? tJ æ tJ'guae
axmifx0J ifc&hJ awmhwm æ wynfah [mif;}uD;&J‹ aus;Zl;odwwf aus;Zl;qyfaumif;r_a=umifh wcgwnf;
udk axmifwJa&mufcJh&awmhwm æ ”
“[if æ b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ”
“'DudpPeJ‹ b,fES,fvkyfaxmifxJ0ifcJh&wmwkef;”
pdwf0ifpm;ol y&dowf}uD;xJu ar;cGef;awG wa,mufwayguf xGufvmw,f? OD;cspf[ef}uD;&J‹
tajymaumif;r_a=umifh pdwf0ifpm;pGmem;qifaerdwJh usaemfawmif aemufqufwGJtcef;quftay:
ar#mfwvifhvifhjzpfoGm;rdw,f?
“tjzpfu 'Dvakd v æ ud, k af wmfacsm wckww f &o,fvm+y;D ud, k u hf v kd maus;Zl;qyf uefawmhcw hJ hJ
æ tJ æ vSLzG,0f wˆK}uD;awGv@kd ajym=uygp@dk ? vkcH snaf wGu jynfaps;xJu txnfqikd w f qdik u f kd azmuf
xGi;f +yD;&vmcJw h mawGwahJ v? tJ'w D ek ;f uawmh ud, k vf bJ ,foyd grh vJ? ud, k v hf muefawmhwyhJ pPn;f oef‹
oef‹&Sif;&Sif;[kwf&J‹vm;/ b,fvdkenf;eJ@ &vmwJhypPnf;vJqdkwmawmh b,fvdkar;vdk@ppfvdk@jzpfyghrvJ?
tJ'aD wmh ok;H av;vt=umrSm ud, k af wmfacsm&J@ azmufxiG ;f r_u ay:ygava&m? ykvyd u f xH;k pHtwdik ;f
ppf+yDaygh? tJ'DazmufxGif;&&Sdxm;wJh vHkcsnfawGb,frvJaygh? olu a&mif;pm;+yD;+yDajzayrJh ykvdyfu
'DvdkvG,fvG,fajzvdk‹&±dk;vm;/ b,frSma&mif;ovJ/ b,faps; b,fqdkif;rSma&mif;ovJvdkufjy æ aygh?
ola&mif;cJhwJh qdkifawGvdkufjy æ ykvdyfu tukefvdkufodrf;/ b,fESpfxnfa&mif;cJhovJ ppf=unfh/
aemufq;kH awmh azmufxiG ;f cH&wJq h ikd u
f wdik cf suyf gta&twGuef ‹J uGmaeao;wJh q,fxnfavmufu
b,frvJayg?h ol‹crsm xde;f awmhxed ;f &Smygao;w,f? rwwfomwJt h qH;k rSm ta&twGuu f u kd af tmif
trSet f wdik ;f ajym&csed rf mS æ óu@d yifaumufu OD;csp[ f efukd oGm;uefawmhcyhJ gw,fayg?h tJ'aD wmh ykvyd u f
0if;wifhxGef; 35
udk,fhqDvdkufvma&m/ &or#vHkcsnfav;awG oufaocHypPnf;tjzpf jyefodrf;ygava&m? udk,fuvJ
tvdv k akd e&if; oufaocHypPn;f awGyg tcdik t f rm&&Sx d m;wJh olc;kd vufcH ypPn;f vufcH jzpfomG ;ygava&m/
aemufa=umif;jyefvn S =hf unfvh u
kd af wmh æ ykvyd ±f ;kH u tr_w&JG mZ0if rSww f rf;a[mif;awG jyefveS =f unfh
vdkufawmhvJ æudk,fu t&ifu emrnf}uD;azmufxGif;0dZ…m}uD; wa,mufav æ 'Dawmh b,fvdk
&Si;f &Si;f b,f,rkH vJ/ tr_wrJG mS cd;k r_vufcH azmufxiG ;f ypPn;f vufc/H olc;kd vufc?H 'Dvekd ‹J axmifx0J ifc&hJ
wmav æ? 'ga=umifah jymwmayg?h æ aus;Zl;odwwfwhJ wynfah umif;}uD;u aus;Zl;odwwfpmG q&m
aumif;q&mjrwfukd vma&mufaus;Zl;qyfuefawmhvu kd w
f t
hJ wGuf axmifx0J ifc&hJ wmygv‹kd / aus;Zl;
tqyfcH&vdk‹ axmifxJa&mufcJh&wmygvdk‹ æ ”
OD;cspf[efu &Snfvsm;pGmajymqdk&Sif;vif;&if; ol‹&J‹tr_Zmwfa=umif;udk ed*Hk;csKyfvdkufygw,f?
usaemfuawmh ol‹tr_Zmwfa=umif;&Sif;vif;oHudk em;axmifrd&if; ed*Hk;rcsKyfEdkifao;wJh
tawG;pawGudk qufiifaerdjyefw,f?
aus;Zl;qyfwm aus;Zl;odwwfwm[m r*Fvmw&m;jzpfayrJh b,fou l b,fo‹l ukd b,fvekd nf;eJ‹
aus;Zl;qyfovJ/ aus;Zl;wH‹k wifðyovJqw kd m[mvJ wcgwcg tc&muswt hJ cef;u ygaejyefyga&mhvm;
vd‹k awG;aerdw,f? aus;Zl;w&m;eJ‹aus;Zl;qyfrq _ w kd mxJrmS 'kp±du k o
f m;eJ‹'pk ±du
k rf sm;roufqikd af p&vd‹k yJ
e,fedrdwfxyfrH owfrSwfuef‹owfxm;zdk‹rsm; vdkao;ovm;? 'kp±dkufe,f&J‹'kp±dkufaus;Zl;[m r*Fvm
w&m;awmfeJ‹roufqdkifvdk‹yJ,lq&avrvm;?aus;Zl;qyfjcif;tr_ðywmawmif 'kp±du k of rm;wa,muf&@J
'kp±du k ef ‹J ,u
S Ef ,
G w
f ahJ us;Zl;odwwfjcif;[m tE &W m,fv‹kd awmh teuft"dym` ,fxu G af ejyefygaygv
h m;?
(3)
waqmifwnf;rSm twlaevm&&if; OD;csp[ f ef}uD;eJ‹ ydrk okd ud |r;f &if;ES;D vm&awmhrS OD;csp[
f ef}uD;&J‹
i,fZmwfa=umif;awG[m wpwp ±kyfvHk;yDvmcJhw,f? ol‹&J‹ajym=um;csufawGt& ol[mES,fES,f&&
azmufxGif;orm;r[kwf?
ArmjynfrmS [d;k [d;k ausmcf w hJ hJ azmufxiG ;f r_}uD;wr_rmS ol[mwGb J uf ZmwfaumifZmwf&}H uD;wOD;?
zqyvacwfu EdkifiHawmforw}uD; a'gufwmbOD;&J‹tdrfwuf+yD; azmufxGif;vk,ufr_}uD;rSm
yg0ifcJholwOD;?
tJ'w D ek ;f u Edik if aH wmforw a'guw f mbOD;tdrw f uf+y;D vk,ufc&hJ mrSm azmufxiG ;f 0dZm… armifausmf
eJ‹ olESpfOD;wnf;wJh æ?
azmufxiG ;f 0dZm… armifausmt f a=umif;udak wmh q&mjroef;wifu h ‘armifausm’f udk ‘ausmaf rmif’
vdk‹ emrnfajymif;+yD; vHk;csif;0wˆK&Snf}uD;wyk'f a&;om;oGm;cJhzl;wm wydkfif;wprSwfrdaeao;w,f?
“tarSmif&dyf0,f æ” qdkwJh 0wˆK}uD;yJxifyg&J‹?
q&mjroef;wifu h &oajrmufpmG a&;zG‹J azmfusL;oGm;cJw h hJ tJ'0D wWK}uD;udk aumif;aumif;zwfczhJ ;l
ayrJh axmifxJrSmusaemfu arhawhawhjzpfae+yD? wcsKd@ a0a00g;0g;jzpfae+yD? tJ'D0wˆK}uD;&J‹ t"du
ZmwfaumifjzpfcJhwJh armifausmfeJ‹wGJ+yD;yg0ifcJhw,fqdkwJh OD;cspf[ef}uD;udk om,m0wDaxmifxJrSmyJ
trSwfrxifqHkqnf;rdawmhrS tJ'D EdkifiHawmforwtdrf azmufxGif;vk,ufr_}uD;Zmwfa=umif;udk
36 0if;wifhxGef;
usaemfu pdwf0ifpm;vGef;pGm r=umc%ar;ar;=unfhrdw,f? r[kwfwm[kwfwm tyxm;/ OD;cspf[ef
}uD;u ol‹&‹J u, kd af wG‹Zmwfa=umif;tjzpf jyefvnfajym=um;&mrSm tifrwefpw d 0f ifpm;p&m aumif;wm
awG trsm;}uD;?
“cifAsm;wd‹k u b,fvpkd w d u f ;l awGe‹J rsm; Edik if aH wmforw a'guw f mbOD;tdru f rkd S wufazmufvu kd f
=uwmvJAsm æ ”vdk‹ w&ufrSm ar;rdw,f?
“trSeaf jym&&if æ tJ'w D ek ;f u armifausmaf &m usaemfa&m jc0H if;xJ0ifc=hJ uwJt h xd orwtdrrf eS ;f
rodbl;As? tvkyfrjzpfwm=umawmh acsmifwJhae&m0ifvkyfr,fqdk+yD; n}uD;tJ'D vlukHwef&yfuGufxJ
0ifvmcJ=h uwm? jcHpnf;±d;k rSm ykÀ&dyyf ifawGwnDwnmeJ‹ jcH}uD;wjcHem;a&mufvmawmh tay:xyfrmS
jywif;waygufzGifhxm;wJh tdrf}uD;wtdrfawG‹w,fAs/ &moDOwkuylawmh wHcg;zGifh+yD;tdyfaewmeJ‹wlyg
w,f? atmufrmS tapmifv h v kd v kd u l vJ tdr}f uD;wywfvn S =hf unf+h yD;wmeJ‹ ol‹tapmifw h q
J D jyef0ifomG ;
csed af vmufrmS tarSmif&yd cf +kd yD; okwcf eJ0ifvmcJ=h uw,f? uHaumif;csiaf wmh jcHpnf;±d;k axmifrh mS tdru f kd
aq;okwzf ‹kd oH;k xm;wJh avSum;&Sn}f uD; wpif;vnf;awG‹a&m tJ'g}uD; ESpaf ,mufom;r ˜ +yD; zGix hf m;wJh
jywif;ayguftxdaxmif+yD; tdrfxJcyfokwfokwf wufvdkuf=uw,f? txJvJa&mufa&m EdkifiHawmf
wHqdyf}uD;u tjyL;om;eJ‹ tJ'DusawmhrS [m æ orwtdrfygvm;qdkwm odawmhwm? a&mufrSawmh
rxl;bl; csomcsuGmqdk+yD; tEk=urf;pD;&awmhwm æ ”
OD;cspf[ef}uD;u ðyH;+yD;ajzw,f? +yD;awmh æ
“orwudt k Ek=urf;pD;cJw h m bmvufeufe‹J pD;cJw h ,fxifv/J tJ't D rd x
f u J yJ awG‹&wJh aygirf ek ‹f v;DS wJh
"m;eJ‹ uav;upm;wJhaoewf æ As”wJh?
usaemf wtHhw=ojzpfoGm;rdw,f? 'Dtbdk;}uD; cyfwnfwnf +zD;aeovm;qdkwJh t=unfhrsKd;eJ‹vJ
ol‹udk=unfhvdkufygw,f?
“aygirf ek ‹f v;DS wJ"h m;udk usKyfuudik /f ol‹ajr;upm;wJh aoewfe‹J wyl gw,f/ tJ'aD oewfukd armifausmf
uudik +f yD; twGi;f cef;qD armifausmu f 0ifomG ;w,f? wHcg;uvJ *surf csxm;bl;/ tdycf ef;xJrmS a'guw f m
bOD;}uD;u rSed ;f +yD;tdyaf ew,f? tJ æ tcef;u ab;csi;f uyfvsut f cef;eJ‹vJ twGi;f rSm wHcg;ayguw f ck
&Sd+yD;qufaew,f? wHcg;uawmh b,fbufuydwfxm;ovJ rodbl;As/ aemufrSod&wmu tJ'Dorw
}uD;tcef;eJ‹wqufwnf;tcef;u ol‹c,frtdyfwJh tcef;wJhAs? [J[Jæ”
OD;cspf[ef}uD;u oabmuspGm &,faejyefw,f?
“a'guw f mbOD;u tJ'w D ek ;f u rde;f rr&Sad wmhb;l As æ qH;k oGm;+yD æ”ajym&if;ajym&if; oluquf&,f
aewJhtwGuf æ
“uJ æ qufygO;D Asm Zmwfvrf;av; æ ”vd‹k usaemfu w&m;axmufvyk o f vdk Zmwfvrf;axmuf
av;vkyf+yD; owday;&w,f?
“armifausmu f uav;upm;wJah oewfe‹J a'guw f mbOD;em;xif awhvu kd wf ,fq&kd ifyJ tbd;k }uD;
uEdk;vmw,f/ armifausmfu rsufpdrSdwfxm;cdkif;awmh orw}uD;u bmajymvJodvm;/ toufawmh
csrf;omay;yg æ wJh? wkefwkef&D&DeJ‹ rsufaph}uD;rSdwf+yD; ajymw,f? ay; æ b,frvJ rD;cHaowWmaomh
æ vd‹k awmif;awmh tomw=unfyJ acgi;f tH;k atmufvufe‹J prf;+yD; qGx J wk af y;w,f? rD;cHaowWm}uD;u
'Dtcef;xJrSmyJqdkawmh qGJzGifhvdkufawmh pdefawGa&m a&$xnfawGa&m ydkufqHawGa&maygh? 'DxJrSm
0if;wifhxGef; 37
a&$pvG,}f uD;vd[ k mawmif ygvu kd af o; æ ? tJ'g}uD;u r=umao;cifurS ,l*q kd vyforw}uD;wD;wd;k
Armjynfa&mufvmwkef;/ Armorw}uD;udk csD;jr‡ifhtyfESif;oGm;wJh *k%fxl;aqmif a&$pvG,fwHqdyf}uD;
aygAh sm æ? bmrSajymraeeJ‹ tukeo f rd ;f xnfv h mcJw h ,f? tJ'v D kd odr;f usKH ;xnfah ewke;f æ orw}uD;u
a=umufa=umufeJ‹ bmrsm;ajymw,f xifovJ æ ”
OD;cspf[ef}uD;u ðyH;ðyH;}uD;vkyfaejyefw,f? bmyJajymajym ol‹ajym[efqdk[ef[m pdwf0ifpm;zG,f
twdqdkawmh usaemfuawmh ol‹&J‹qufvmvwWH@aompum;udkyJ em;pGifhaerdw,f?
“igh æ ighajr;av;zdk‹awmh eJeJcsefxm;cJh=uyguGm æwJh”
'Dwcgawmh usaemfyg ðyH;vdkufrdw,f?
“tJ'Dawmh armifausmfu b,fvdkajymw,fxifovJ æ ”
oluxyf+yD; ya[VdzGuf(0Suf)pum;udk qdkjyefw,f?
“armifausmu f 'kp±du k o
f rm; azmufxiG ;f 0dZm… omjzpfwm pmawmhtawmfzwfwv hJ /l v#L@d 0u
S of zJ kd
0wˆK pHkaxmuf0wˆKawGuawmh ol‹tonf;pGJaygh? pmpHkvJ tawmfzwfwJhvl æ A[kokw&SdwJhvlavæ
tJ'Dawmh æ a'gufwmbOD;udkajymvdkufwmu cifAsm;vdk æ v,form;olykef}uD; awmfvSefa&;acgif;
aqmif}uD;q&mpHukd óud;rde‹f ay;owfcw hJ t
hJ xJygcw hJ o hJ u l kd bmvd‹k nm‡ ae&rSmvJ æ” wJ?h a'guw f mbOD;
udk,f}uD; wGef‹ceJjzpfoGm;wmyJ?
OD;cspf[efu pum;pudk acwWjzwf&if; em;aejyefw,f?
“uJ uJ qufygOD;As æ ”vdk‹ usaemfu avmaqmfvdkufrS æ “aemufawmh a'gufwmbOD;udk
tarSmufcikd ;f / yg;pyfxt J 0wfq‹kd / vufuakd emufjyefcsnx f m;cJ+h yD; æ rv_yef ‹J aemf æ v_y&f ifawmh ao+yD
rSwfvdk‹ajcmufxm;cJh+yD;/ rD;cHaowWmxJu&Edkifor#tukefpk odrf;usKH;xnfhvmcJh=uwJhtxkyfeJ‹ cyfokwf
okwjf yefqif;vmcJ=h uw,f? b,forl rS odvu kd =f ubl;? b,ftapmifrh v S J rawG‹vu kd =f u&bl;? wD;wd;k ay;
wJh *k%fxl;aqmifa&$pvG,fvdk[m}uD;awmh tJ'D&yfuGuftausmfu tr_dufyHkwckab; xdk;0Sufjr‡KyfESH
xm;cJ=h u+yD; atmifatmifjrifjrif pcef;odr;f Edik cf =hJ uw,f? aemuf&yfuu G w f ckausmaf vmufa&mufawmh
&Jum;awG &Jum;awG [Gef;oHt&Snf}uD;awGqGJ+yD; a'gufwmbOD; aetdrf&yfuGufqD '&=urf;armif;
oGm;wmawG‹vu kd &f awmhwmygy?J rd;k vif;awmhr,fav æ ukepf rd ;f orm;awG reufapmapmtvkyq f if;&
r,fholawGawmif [dkem;'Dem; awG‹ae&+yDav æ ”
OD;cspf[ef}uD;u ol‹Zmwfvrf;udk tqHk;owfvdkuf+yD; ol‹aq;vdyfwdkudk rD;!‡dygavawmhw,f?
“aemuf æ b,fvdkjzpfwkef;As” usaemfu odcsifaZmeJ‹ xyfar;jyefygw,f?
“ckwifu ajymcJhovdkyJav æ ” cifAsm;vdk v,form;olykef}uD; q&mpHudk óud;rdef‹ay;owfcJhwJh
txJygcw hJ o
hJ ul kd bmvd‹k !m‡ ae&rSmvJAs”qdw k hJ armifausm&f ŒJ }uD;}uD;us,u f s,cf yfwnfwnf ajymcJw h hJ
pum;u awmfawmfu h wkd moGm;cJw h ,f/ w&m;cHtppf azmfxw k af &;udck ufomG ;cJ&h awmhwt hJ xd xda&muf
cJw
h ,f ajym&rSmyJ? bmvd‹k vq J akd wmh tJ'pD um;udu k ikd +f yD; 'Dtr_[m ±d;k ±d;k tr_r[kw/f ±d;k ±d;k w&m;cHr[kw/f
Edik if aH &;EG,w f hJ Ekid if aH &;ygwhJ w&m;cHawGu usL;vGew f t hJ r_/ Edik if aH &;azmufxiG ;f "m;jyr_v‹kd oH;k oyf=unfh
jrifc=hJ uqdyk ?J awmfawmfe‹J tr_razmfxw k Ef ikd b
f J paumhwvef,m'fuakd wmif vSr;f tultnDawmif;&wJh
txdv‹kd ajym=uwmyJ? aemufyikd ;f armifausmv f J ajc&mazsmuf/ usKyfvJ ajc&mazsmuf/ &efuek rf uyf=u
awmhbJ wa,mufwae&mpD e,fajy;+yD; Zmwfjr‡Kyf=uawmhwmaygh æ ”
38 0if;wifhxGef;
tJ'Dvdkpum;ajymaumif;aewkef;rSmyJ “tvkyf}uD;wef;pD æ” qdkwJh wef;pD;waumif&J‹ owday;
atmf[pfvdkufoHa=umifh usaemfwdk‹vJ ua&maomyg; vlcsif;cGJvdkuf&ygawmhw,f?
(4)
tvky}f uD; em;&ufw&ufrmS awmh æ at;at;aq;aq; xdik jf zpf=u&if;/ wcsed u f Edik if aH wmforw
tdrf azmufxGif;vk,uf tEk=urf;pD;r_}uD;ta=umif;/ OD;cspf[ef}uD;eJ‹ pum;qufrd=ujyefw,f?
“tJ'Dwkef;u tr_ub,fvdk ed*Hk;csKyfoGm;vJAs”
“[m æ wefw,fAsm æ wefw,f æ armifausmrf S ig;ESpx f yJ J xifw,f/ aps;wnfo h mG ;=uwmæ”
“Asm æ b,fvdkaps;wnfhoGm;&wmvJ”
olu usaemfhtar;udk em;axmif&if; òyH;vdkufjyefw,f?
“'DvdkAs æ w&m;±Hk;a&mufawmh usaemfwdk‹w&m;cHrsm;bufu a&S‹aeuvJ aumif;w,fAs/ vm
owif;,l=u em;axmif=uwJh y&dowf}uD;uvJ owif;axmufawGa&m bmawGa&mtpHkAs? [dk; æ
wae‹u usaemfajymwJt h xJygw,frw _ v f m; æ orw}uD;tdyaf ewJt h cef;u æ orw}uD;tcef; c,fr
tcef;eJ‹wqufwnf;qdw k mav? twGi;f rSmwHcg;wcsyyf &J w dS ,fqw kd mav æ ? tJ'aD wmh tr_e‹J qikd q f ikd f
rqdik q
f ikd /f a&S‹ae}uD;u tJ't D cef;zG‹J pnf;xm;wmudyk J rygygatmifxnf+h yD; w&m;cHuakd r;vdu k /f =uHzef+yD;
usL;vGefcJholrsm;[m at;at;nifnifomomeJ‹yJ t=urf;zufwmr&Sd ypPnf;awG&,lcJh=uw,fqdkwm
ay:atmifar;ovdkvkdeJ‹vkyfvdkufqdkawmh æ owif;axmufawG em;qifolawG yGJusp&m}uD;ayghAsmæ?
w&m;vdu k Edik if aH wmforw}uD;qdak wmh bmawGajymcJ=h uw,f b,fv&kd cdS w hJ ,fqwkd mvJ/ w&m;cHa&S‹ae
u y,fy,fe,fe,f w&m;vdu k t kd "duxm;+yD; ar;&jref;& ar;cGe;f xkw&f OD;rSmav æ? w&m;cHarmifausmf
uvJ vlyg;As/ tukeaf jymOD;rSm? tJ'aD wmh orw}uD;tzd‹k r[mt&Suaf wmftcGcJ &H ovdk jzpfrmS awGuvJ
trsm;}uD;qdkawmh æ orw}uD;bufuae armifausmfudk vmnd‡w,fAs? orw}uD;rSmvJ EdkifiHawmf
udp}P uD;awGutrsm;om;rd‹k c%c%±H;k awmfrvmEdik b f ;l / rvmcsib f ;l ? armifausmb f ufuvJ wjcm;[m
awG bmrSajymraeeJ‹awmh? av#mhav#mhayghaygheJ‹ teJqHk;axmif'%fcsay;r,faygh? tJ'Dvdk tcdkiftrm
tmrcH=u+yD; aps;wnfhoGm;cJhwm æ ”
'Dwcg ðyH;vdkufrdoluawmh usaemf?
“'gjzifh æ [kww f ,f/ 'gta&;}uD;w,f æ ” OD;csp[ f efu acgi;f ndw&f if; awG;awG;qqai;aew,f?
+yD;awmhrS æ
“tif; / 'gvJ aus;Zl;qyfrw _ rsK;d vd‹k yaJ jym&rvm; rodygb;l Asm æ [J[”J vd‹k pum;yv†icf H jyefw,f?
“'Dvw kd AhJ s æ Edik if aH wmforw tdraf zmufxiG ;f cH&r_}uD;u [d;k av;wausmjf zpfc+hJ yD; owif;pmawG
tapmifapmifu trsK;d rsK;d a&;=uw,f? tr_u w&m;cHrazmfxw k Ef ikd b
f J vawG=umvmav æ pHak xmuf
tzGJ‹}uD;wdk‹ ykvdyftzGJ‹}uD;wdk‹qdkwmvJ acgif;razmfEdkifatmif emrnfysufavayghAsm? EdkifiHawmf orw
}uD;vJ acgi;f razmfEikd af ygAh sm? armifausmu f awmh aròrd‹bufomG ;cdak e+yD; aumif;aumif;udk ESyaf ewmayg?h
pdetf aumif;pm;av;awGxck +JG y;D olaX;}u;D wa,mufvu kd kd wduk w f vH;k eJ‹paH ewmwJAh s? 'Dvu l awmfawmf
vJ tqifjh rifjh rifh Zdrcf w H wfwo hJ ?l tJ'w D ek ;f u azmufxiG ;f r_ukd b,fvrkd S ajc&mcHr&awmh tpd;k &rif;rsm;
0if;wifhxGef; 39
a'golykefx+yD; æ azmufxGif;emrnf&SdolrSefor# &mZ0ifvlqdk;pm&if;&SdolrSefor# ausmfapmyk'frawGeJ‹
tukew f jynfv;kH axmifxx J nfyh gava&m? bmrqdik n f mrqdik f &mZ0ifvq l ;kd rSeo
f r# uyfoif=h uwmayg?h
e,fuvlawGvJ uyfoif/h axmifaygi;f pHt k yd‹k c/H tcsKyfcx H m;=u&w,f? tJ't D csed rf mS usKyfw‹kd armifausmf
}uD;u &efuek q f if;+yD; ole‹J &if;ES;D wJ&h mZ0ifvq l ;kd wa,mufred ;f rqDomG ;+yD; olw‹kd ro d m;pk&‹J 'u k u Q kd ulnD
ay;urf;wmawG vkyyf gava&m? ulnw D mrSyu kd q f &H meJ‹csaD y;wmwJ?h axmif0ifpmav;bmav;vJ oGm;
yd‹k vu kd af yg?h tJ'aD wmh axmif0ifpmawmifroGm;Edik v f ‹kd vifom;ud'k t D wdik ;f ypfxm;&wJrh ed ;f ru axmif0if
pmtxky}f uD;}uD;eJ‹ukd ol‹vif&w dS hJ ykord af xmifvm;bmvm; tJ'u D okd mG ;ygava&m? ,lomG ;wmawGuvJ
yef;oD;wd‹k udww f ‹kd ta=umftvSmw f ‹kd e‹J taumif;pm;awGe‹J csnahf yg?h tJ'w D ek ;f u w&mESp&f mqdw k menf;
wJhaiGrSr[kwfwm? a,mufsm;udk,fwdkif tHh=o,l&wmaygh? tJ'Dawmh 'Davmufaumif;aumif;rsm;rsm;
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aumif;wmrSefwmawmhwdk;yghcsJŒyghrvJ? raumif;wmudkyJ raumif;wJh&nf&G,fcsufeJ@ xyfwdk;wmaygh?
axmifxJrSm axmifom;yJ&Sdw,f? EdkifiHa&;orm;qdkwmr&Sdwdk@ bmwdk@qdkwm tJ'DumvrSm wqifhwdk;
wHceG x f +l yD; xGuv f mwmayg?h tJ'v D kd npfnpfywfywfwqifw h ;kd zdEydS af &;jyÏmef;owfrw S pf pD Ofcsuaf wGxJ
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jzpfcsifawmh usaemfhrSm axmifxJqGJtoGif;cH&ygw,fqdkwJhtxJ *k%fxl;u ESpfckxyfeJ@? axmuf
vSr;f a&;qdw k ahJ umifrsm;&JŒ arwWmwH;k }uD;}uD;udk [D;wdu k +f yD;tyd@k c&H wJu h saemf[m tr_EpS rf w _ yf+yD; tpGcJ &H
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tHr,f æa&$ajcusif; aiGajcusif; jrajcusif;r[kwfygbJ oHajcusif;qdkwmrSmvJ trsKd;rsKd;&SdowJh?
0if;wifhxGef; 51
jyifyavmurSmrS vlwef;pm;trsKd;rsKd;&Sd+yD; vlwef;pm;cGJjcm;cH&wmr[kwf/ e&odefavmurSmvJ
vlwef;pm;tcGJcH&+yD; cGJcGJjcm;jcm;ðyrlqufqHw,f? ajcusif;cwfcH&wmcsif;twlwlawmif taumif}uD;
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a[m - ±d;k ±d;k xJrmS awmifrS t=urf;zsi;f tm;jzifh (3)rsK;d &Sad ejyefowJ?h rE aW v;uGi;f wJ/h armfvòrid u f iG ;f
wJh/ ±dk;±dk;uGif;wJh?
rE Wav;uGif;qdkwmu rE Wav;olawG ajcusif;0wfwwfwm=unfh+yD; rSnfhxm;yHk&ygw,f? armf
vòrdifuGif;qdkwmusawmhaumæ? armfvòrdifolawG ajcovHk;wkwfw,fvdk@ qdk=uw,fr[kwfvm;?
tJ'aD wmh rE aW v;uGi;f xuf ydv k }J uD; ydvk w J w k f ydv
k aJ v;vHwu hJ iG ;f rsK;d udk armfvòrdiu f iG ;f vd@k trnfonm
ðyxm;=uw,fqykd ?J [dw k ek ;f u ocifE&k ŒJ emrnf}u;D 0wˆKwyk'f “&ufpufygayhu, G ”f qdw k mxJrmS “rif;udk
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wckaygh?
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aewJh rqvacwf}uD;xJusawmh udv k ekd aD cwfuawmif &Scd zhJ ;l wJh bDuvyf(p)udk zsuo f rd ;f ypfvu kd ±f rkH u
axmifxJrSm EdkifiHa&;orm;qdkwm r&Sd&wJh? aemufr_xGuf&if ajcusif;cwfwJh? armfvòrdifoleJ@ay;pm;
vdkufvdk@qdk&ifawmh {&mrajcusif;wkwfwkwf}uD;eJ@ nm;&ygvdrfhr,f?
ajcusif;cwfcH&+yDqdk&if b,fajcusif;rsKd;cwfcwf ajcusif;csnf; b,f[kwfvdrfhrvJ? ajcusif;eJ@
wqufwnf; rdwfzufwefqm'Gg'&mawGvJ tydkqktjzpf rvGJraoGygvmygw,f? ajcusif;wzufpDrSm
wif wqufwnf;uGif;qufoHuGif;wdku ESpfck? tJ'DoHuGif;qufESpfckeJ@ wqufwnf;oHacsmif;}uD;u
wayeD;yg;? tJ'Daemuf xdyfqHk;rSmrS aemufxyfoHuGif;qufvufudkif? ESpfzufaygif;vdkuf&if teJqHk;
ESpfyd\mcGJ oHk;yd\mavmuf&SdEdkifw,f?
ajcusi;f cwfyckH wfenf;uav;uvJ tifrwef,Ofaus;vSygw,f? yef;yJxw k ahJ ycHak y: ajcaxmufukd
tvsm;vdkufwifay;vdkuf&w,f? vlu ajrjyifay:zifcsxdkifxm;&+yD; ajcaxmuftpHkudk qef@ay;xm;
vdu k &f wm? ud;k ±dŒk um;,m;rvkyef @J / ajcv_yv f @kd uawmh ajcaxmuf wlpmjzpfomG ;Edik w f thJ aetxm;rsK;d ?
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rdomG ;rS ESpzf ufpeG ;f u tayguaf o;ao;[yfrx d yfro d mG ;rS oHpxnf+h yD; av;Apf±u kd w f ,f? tJ'v D kd av;Apf
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vkyaf y;&w,f? tJ'v D kd av;Apfr±du k cf if=um; oHacsmif;&Sn}f uD;eJ@wqufwnf; oHuiG ;f qufuv kd J toifh
xnfah y;wyfay;vdu k w f thJ wGuf av;Apf±u kd +f yD;csed rf mS ajcwzufpm ajcusi;f cwfjcif;udpP atmifjrifpmG
+yD;qHk;jcif;udk a&mufygw,f? aemufwzufusawmhvJ xdkenf;‚if;aygh?
ol ajcusif;±dkufaewkef; 0g'g a&oGm;aomufvdk@ab;ab;bDbD vlr&Sdwkef; olu usaemfhrsufESmudk
52 0if;wifhxGef;
ajcusi;f
tuJcwfovd=k unf&h if; ‘bmr_wek ;f ’vd@k ar;w,f? usaemfu ‘Edik if aH &;’vd@k ajzvdu k af wmh olu acgi;f udk
cyfav;av;}uD; &rf;&Smw,f? usaemfhtay: u±k%moufoGm;vdk@vm;/ pdwfraumif;jzpfoGm;vdk@vm;/
wpHw k &mav;pm;oGm;vd@k vm; 'grrS [kwf aq;vdyaf v; oH;k av;ig;vdyrf S vdik ;f zefv@kd r&Edik af wmhwhJ trsK;d
tpm;rSe;f odomG ;+yD; 'Dae@awmh vmbfyw d wf myJv@kd rsm; ,lqoGm;vd@k vm;awmhrodyg? olu acgi;f udo k m
ajz;ajz;csif;,rf;&if; yifhoufcsygw,f?
“'D tpGe;f awG aoatmifr±du k &f if oGm;&if;vm&if; ajcaxmufe@J &rS +d yD; '%f&myvyGjzpfwwfw,f/
'djyiftr_onfawG ajcusi;f 0g&ifah wGq&kd if aumif;aumif;±du k af y;atmif vdik ;f ay;w,f/ awmif;zd@k awmif
rvdkbl;/ bmyJjzpfjzpf ckvJaumif;aumif;±dkufay;vdkufygw,f”wJh?
tJ'guawmh yxrqHk;aomajcusif;eJ@ zl;pmqHk&jci;f&JŒed'gef;tpygyJ? ajcaxmufESpfzufpvHk;
ajcusi;f cwf+yD;csed rf mS tay:qH;k uGi;f ESpu
f iG ;f udk yl;udik +f yD; ajcusi;f oHwc|icf |ief @J wduk xf jJ yef0ifvmawmh
teD;tem;u &JabmfawG rdwfaqGawGu pdwfraumif;pGmeJ@vSrf;=unfh=uw,f?
“uAsmq&ma&æ tawG@tñuHaygh”wJh?
[kwfuJh tawG@tñuHygyJ? 'gayr,fh b0eJ@&if;xm;&wJh tawG@tñuH?
2?
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wc|icf |if wc|rcf |rjf rnfwwfwhJ oHajcusi;f }uD;udk ESpq f wd;k +yD; toHjrnfatmif ajcudck yfjyif;jyif; aqmifh
+yD;0ifw,f? usaemfut&GJŒwdkuf+yD; [dkbufoGm;vdkuf 'DbufoGm;vdkufvkyfw,f?
tHr,fæ tJ'aD wmhvJ axmufvrS ;f a&;qdw k thJ aumifawGu olw@kd ukd xrifaomuf&u S cf jJG yaewm
vdk@rsm; cHpm;oGm;ovm;rodygbl;? rsufESm}uD;awGndKvdk@?
b,fvdkrS ratmifhtD;EdkifawmhwJh taumifwaumifu æ
“cifAsm;u +idrf+idrfaerSayghAs/ w&m;±Hk;w±Hk;vHk;ajcusif;oHcsnf;yJ”wJh? tJ'Dawmh usaemfu “'g æ
cifAsm;wd@k Edik if aH wmftpd;k &qdwk mu cwfay;xm;wmyJav/ ajcusi;f qdw k m jrnfwt hJ rsK;d yJ/ rjrnfapcsi&f if
rcwfeJ@aygh”vdk@ jyef+yD;aighvdkufw,f? axmufvSrf;a&;qdkwJhtaumif[m tH}uD;udk}udwfvdk@ ol@taz
rw&m;tpdk;&bufuae emwwfvdkufwm? ociftm;& u|efyg;0qdkwJhtaumifrsKd; yDovSygw,f?
tif;pdeaf xmifA;l 0txl;w&m;±H;k qdw k wJh rw&m;±H;k xJrmS yJ tv,fxikd w f &m;ol}uD;qdw k hJ ‘cifarmif
jrih’f qdw k yhJ *k Kd~ vfu usaemfu
h kd ðyH;=unfw h ,f? tJ'yD *k Kd~ vfu or0g,rOD;pD;Xmeu t&m&S}d uD;wa,mufyg?
rqvacwf jynfo@l w&m;ol}uD;qdw k phJ m&if;rSmygvm+yD; cyfwnfwnfw&m;ol}uD;vky+f yD; tr_ukd =um;
emppfaq;wJhyHk tjynfht0 o±kyfaqmifaewmyg? wu,fu w&m;ol}uD;wmvkyfaewm yk'frawmif
tck(20)jynfah tmiftvGw&f [efrwlyg? rqvacwfw&m;pD&ifa&;qdw k m w&m;ol}uD;tzd@k bmOya'
bmpD&ifx;kH rS wwfu|r;f emvnfaezd@k rvdyk g? w&m;a&;t=uHay;qdw k mwd@k Oya'tusK;d aqmifqw kd mwd@k
u t=uHay; vrf;a=umif;ay;wJt h wdik ;f vkycf sivf yk /f 'grrS [kwf ud,k &f rf;csiof vd&k rf;cs+yD; jynfo@l w&m;
pD&ifa&;vd@k acgi;f pnf;wyfwwf&if +yD;oGm;wmygy?J jynfo@l w&m;ol}uD;qdo k l rqvwOD;u b,fvrkd sm;
w&m;pD&ifcsucf sz;l ovJq&kd if/ ESpzf ufaoma&SŒae a&SŒ&yfrsm;&JŒ Oya'yk'rf b,fa&GŒb,fr#e@J +idpeG ;f w,f/
0if;wifhxGef; 53
w&m;vdw k &m;cHawG&ŒJ xGuq f ckd suaf wGt& tr_a=umif; tr_omG ; tr_vm[m b,fvakd y:vGiaf ew,f/
pD&ifxHk;b,favmuf jyÏmef;csufb,f0gt& b,fvdk&Sdw,fqdkwmawGudk aoaocsmcsm em;axmif
rSwfom;a,mifaqmif+yD;wJhaemuf w&m;ol}uD;avoHtjynfheJ@ pD&ifcsuftrdef@udk zwf=um;vdkufyHku
awmh “u|Eyfk w f @kd w&m;ol}uD;tzG@J .pOf;pm;oH;k oyfrt _ & tr_rmS xif&mS ;ay:vGiaf eonfjzpfojzifh Oya'
u rnfo@kd qakd pumrl axmif'%f(10)ESp”f [lowJ?h tJ'v D kd w&m;pD&ifa&;acwf}uD;twGi;f rSm usaemfw@kd
vdk EdkifiHa&;r_rsKd;rsm;usawmh ‘cifarmifjrifh’wdk@vdkw&m;ol}uD;rsm;tzdk@ o±kyfaqmifaumif;aumif;eJ@
rysi;f r&dxikd w f wfz@kd omvdyk gw,f? axmufvrS ;f a&;u pDpOfne$ =f um;wJZh mwfne$ ;f twdik ;f óudwifcsrw S f
ay;xm;wJah xmif'%fEpS u f mvudk w&m;a&;t=uHay;qdw k v hJ u l abmif0ifatmif=uHzefa&;ay;xm;wJh
pD&ifcsufxJxnfhoGif;+yD; w&m;ol}uD;aveJ@ zwf=um;jyvdkufzdk@yJvdkygw,f?
w&m;ol}uD; xdkifcHkjrifh}uD;ay:xdkif&if;/ ajcusif;oHwc|ifc|ifeJ@0ifvmwJh usaemfhqDvSrf;=unfh+yD;
ðyH;vduk w
f hJ w&m;ol}uD;qdo k &l ŒJ tðyH;[m rJðh yH;}uD;jzpfygw,f? armifu h suof a&acgi;f aygi;f udk cyfwnfwnf
aygi;f xm;&if; acgi;f aygi;f pwvlvel @J o@l rsuEf mS [m qyfuyfxu J vljyufrsuEf mS vdv k /kd cyfnn hH Hh t+idrphf if
wckay:u Áa¹ENeJeJav;rSr&vSwJh vljyufvufoifwa,muf&JŒrsufESmvdkvdk jzpfaew,f? wcgwcg
usawmhvJ vSawmom;ajymajym&&if bDvl;rcsKdcsOfpkyfxm;wJhrsufESmrsKd;? rcsKdrcsOfjzpfaew,f?
usaemfuvJ ajcusi;f oHukd ESpq f wd;k jrnfatmif ajcaxmufukd cyfaqmifah qmifeh if;&if; w&m;cHrsm;
ae&muae ol@rsufESmudk cyfwnfwnf=unfhaevdkufw,f?
tJ'vD ±kd ;kH xGuw f ikd ;f wyfqif&wJh ajcusi;f uawmh ±H;k wcgxw k f wcgyg? wcgwyf w&ufy=J umygw,f?
reuf±;kH xGu&f &dS if naeóudwyfay; nrSwu kd cf ef;xJ ajcusi;f eJ@ae/ aemufae@±;kH xGuu f jyefvm&if ae@rul;
cif jyefðzwfay;avh&w dS ,f? ðzwfawmhvJ xH;k pHtwdik ;f aycHak y:rSm? tðzwfu twyftcwfavmufr=um?
usaemfw@kd wu kd x f J axmifx0J ifc&hJ +yD;umvtenf;i,ft=umrSmyJ axmufvrS ;f a&;rª;csKyf}uD; vef
bm;wifO;D eJ@ ol@&ŒJ vuf&if;jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;bdek w D @kd vJ olw@kd &ŒJ taz&if; Adv k af e0if;u &mZrmefawmf&+S yD;
toH;k uHau|;ta&;t&mtm;vH;k ±kyo f rd ;f um aemufausmuae ajceJ@uefcsypfvu kd w f t hJ wGuf tif;pdef
axmifxaJ &mufvmcJ&h ygw,f? wavsmufv;kH olwyg;tay: rw&m;ojzifh zrf;qD;&du k Ef u S n f O‡ ;f yef;vmcJh
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wJhaumifawG umv0dyguf aemufydk;wuf+yDav?
usaemfw h @kd u Ak'[ < ;l ae@±;kH csed ;f wdik ;f wifO;D bdek w D @kd u =umoyaw;ae@±;kH csed ;f ? ±H;k xGu&f &m w&m;±H;k
uvJ tif;pdefAl;0w&m;±Hk;rSmcsnf;? ta=umif;a=umif;a=umifh &ref}uD;a&$Œqdkif;vdkuf&wJh oDwif;ywf
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axmufvSrf;a&;rª;csKyfa[mif; vefbm;wifOD;ac: rsufrSefwifOD;ac: tukodkvfwd&p>mef}uD;wifOD;udk
trSwfrxifawG@vdkuf&ygw,f? olvJ axmif0ifpmcef;ujyefvmyHk&ygw,f? ol@ab;rSm axmifrª;
wa,mufu ºuGyfºuGyftdwfudkqGJvdk@/ t&yf}uD;u uvefuvm;eJ@ t&ifwke;fuawmh axmifaxmif
armif;armif; jynfhjynfhòzd;òzd;&Sdr,fhyHkoGif[m tckawmhvJ vydkif;twGif;rSmyJ usoGm;vdkufwm/ òydvJus
awmhr,fh xef;yift}kd uD;wyifvykd gy?J rzD;roif r&dwrf n‡yb f x J m;wJt h wGuf qHyif*w k af xmuf&n S }f uD;
wvlvel @J ouf}uD;vrf;ol&t J ykd akH yguaf ew,f? qHyifawGwvlvu l vJ jzLazG;ae+yD;jzpfwt hJ wGuf =umqH
xkyf acgif;ay:&Gufxm;bdouJhodk@ jzpfaew,f? ykvif;zifydwfvdk rsufrSefxlxl}uD;u =umqHxkyf
54 0if;wifhxGef;
ajcusi;f
acgi;f ay:wifxm;ovd&k w dS hJ ol@acgi;f eJ@ &ufpuf,w k rf mr_tjynfeh @J uvdeu f uspEf ikd vf eG ;f vSwhJ ol@rsuEf mS
udk pnf;om;ay;xm;ovdk&Sdygw,f? vefbm;wifOD; rsufrSefwifOD; trftdkifwifOD;qdkwm 'DowW0g}uD;
ygvm;? t&if olr;kd aumif;pOfwek ;f u Edik if aH &;orm;}u;D wOD;udk ud, k w f ikd 0f ifa&mufx;kd }uw d f uef ausmuf
±Hw
k ifru eH±;kd awGay: ppfzed yfe@J wufcek cf w hJ ,fqw kd hJ bDv;l ,kw}f uD;yguvm;? b,favmuftxd wefc;kd
xGm;cJo h vJq&kd if Edik if wH umhpme,fZif;wcsKŒd u Armjynf&ŒJ ‘wpfc’JG }uD;vd@k awmif uifyeG ;f wyfay;cJ&h ol
ygvm;? ae0if;u wpf/ pef;,kuESpf/ wifOD;u oHk;r[kwf/ wpfeJ@ESpf=um;u‘wpfcGJ’qdk+yD;awmif trSwf
onmðyjcif;cH&wJh owW0g}uD;? tckawmhvJ olwoufv;kH ol@taz}uD;&JŒ &mZmyv†iw f nfjrJa&;twGuf
OD;aqG;qHjrnfh ,kwf,kwfuef;uef;tr_awmfxrf;cJhor# ol@taz}uD;u aemufqHk;qkvmbfawmfudk cs
vduk yf g+yD? ‘wpfc’JG vJ 'pfjyJ+yD; 0Éfi&J rSm t&Siv f wfvwfa&mufae&yg+yD? =unfah v-t&l;}uD;wa,muf
vdk arSm&f ;l }uD;wa,mufv/kd pke;f wap>ua0um;awGxu J wmaw}uD;vdyk pkH rH sK;d eJ@ awG@or# tusO;f om;
awGudk ðyH;jyaeav&JŒ? yg;pyfuvJ “ryleJ@/ r[m0dZ,bk&m;}uD; xD;awmfwif&if tukefvGwfrSm”vdk@
ajymaeav&JŒ? tusOf;om;awG&JŒonf;ajcóudufpum;udk ajymqdkaewmjzpfEdkifovdk/ ol@[mol =uHzef
ar#mfudk;+yD; ol@udk,foltm;ay;ajzodrfh ar#mfvifhaeyHkrsKd;vJ jzpfEdkifygw,f? &,fcsifp&mvJ awmfawmf
aumif;aygh?
“wifOD;&JŒ ysm;a*[mvJ =uufa*[mjzpfoGm;+yDAsKdŒ/ wifOD;&JŒvuf±Hk;‘axmuf’awGvJ woD}uD;
a'gufðzwfcHae&+yD/ ðywfwJhaumifðywf/ a&SŒwef;tydk@cH&wJhaumifcH&wJhAs” pwJh pwJh owif;awGvJ
usaemfw@kd wu kd af wGxt J xd 0ifvmcJyh gw,f? wifO;D bdek w D @kd tr_weJG @J wqufwnf; r*dv k rf;uemrnf}uD;
a&$qdkifydkif&SifwcsKd@vJ axmifxJ0ifvm&wm=um;ae&ygw,f? wifOD;bdkeDwdk@ tay:wyfay;xm;wJh yk'fr
awGuvJ woD}uD;?
w&uf ±H;k xGuaf jcusi;f cwfz@kd omG ;&pOfrmS awmh jynfxaJ &;0ef}u;D a[mif; axmufvrS ;f a&;rª;csKyf}u;D
a[mif;OD;bdek D a&$rsu&f nfawmfuswt hJ a=umif;owif; ud, k af wG@ñuH&=um;&ygawmhw,f? ajcusi;f cwf
ay;aeustusOf;om;u 0g'gtvpfrSm æ
“ckwifu æ jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;qdw k [
hJ m}uD;uawmh ajcusi;f pcwfawmh rsu&f nfawG awGawGe@J As”
wJh?
“[mæb,fhES,fa=umifh”usaemfuðyH;+yD;ar;rdw,f?
“olvJ aemufr_xGuf&rSmav”
“aemufr&_ &dS if ajcusi;f cwf&r,fqw kd m tJ'aD umif}uD;xkwcf w hJ t hJ rde@f yaJ væ ckawmh ud, k "hf m;eJ@
udk,f txdk;cHvdkuf&wmayghaemf/ awmfawmfoem;p&maumif;w,faemf/ u|wfæu|wf”
usaemfu pkwo f yf+yD; [m;rdygw,f? “umv0dygwf aemufy;kd wuf”qdw k phJ um;udv k J t}udr}f udrf
jyefowd&rd&if;/ rsu&f nfawG awGawGusaewJh jynfxaJ &;0ef}uD;qdw k o hJ wW0g}uD;&JŒ yktikd t hf ikd hf rsuEf mS }uD;
udk ajy;ajy;jrifaerdygw,f?
“'D bJ}u;D u rsu&f nfomuswmyg/ ol@wyfay;wJah jcusi;f qdw k mu cifAsm;wd@k vkd b,f[w k rf mS wke;f ?
pykwfwHajcusif; vkyfay;xm;wmrsKd;yg? uav;ajcusif;urS eJeJav;tHk;r,fæ”wJh?
0if;wifhxGef; 55
3?
ajcusi;f eJ@=um=umzl;pmqH&k awmhwmuawmh om,m0wDaxmifrmS yg? ajcusi;f wyfqifay;vdu k f

wmuawmh tif;pdefaxmif}uD;uyg?
wnaeapmif;avmufrmS bmrajym nmrajym usaemfw@kd emrnfawGac:xkwv f ukd +f y;D usaemfw@kd ukd
ud, k f pDu, kd if S ajcusi;f awGwyfay;vdu k yf gw,f? tJ'aD e@nrSm tdyaf eustaqmifawmif usaemfw@kd awG
udkrxm;awmhyJ/ (5)aqmifqdkwmay: cGJxm;vdkufygw,f? aemufae@axmifajymif;r,fæwJh? tJ'Dvdk
enf;rsK;d eJ@ tif;pdeaf xmifu wyfay;vdu k w
f ahJ jcusi;f awGe@J om,m0wDaxmifwu kd cf ef;xJ a&mufvmcJh
&ygw,f? w&ufajcusi;f c|waf y;Ed;k Ed;k eJ@ vaygi;f tcsKŒd =um ajcusi;f eJ@EpS yf g;oGm;&awmhwb hJ 0 a&muf&yg
awmhw,f? tJ'u D sawmhryS J ajcusi;f &JŒt&omudv k J wd;k wd;k odvm&ygawmhw,f? t*Fvyd af cwfu Edik if H
a&;orm; ocifa[mif;}uD;wOD;[m axmift}udrf}udrfuscH&zl;+yD; axmifeJ@ywfouf+yD; pmtkyfwtkyf
awmifa&;cJhzl;ao;xifyg&JŒ/ aumif;aumif;awmifrrSwfrdawmh? aumif;aumi;frSwfrdaewmu ol@
emrnfeJ@ ol@bGJ@xl;? “axmifht&om ocifat;=unf”wJh? axmifht&om cg;oD;emusifbG,faumif;
oavmuf/ ajcusi;f t&omuvJ rke;f wD;atmhEv S ;kH embG,af umif;ygw,f? ajcusi;f t&om[m axmifh
t&omxJu wckvdk@qdk&ifawmif axmifht&omu cg;cg;wl;wl;/ pl;pl;csOfcsOf/ ajcusif;t&omu pyfyl
pyfavmif eHeHapmfapmf?
ajcusi;f u [dw k ek ;f uvdk ±H;k xGuw f &uf 0wfajcusi;f r[kwaf wmhwhJ xdyq f ;kH u vufuikd u f iG ;f ESpcf uk kd
yl;udkif+yD; oGm;vmv_yf&Sm;aevdk@ rjzpfawmh? ºuGyfºuGyftdwfa[mif;awGudk pepfwusqkwfjzJ+yD; ajcr
=um;n‡yfum óud;&Snf&Snfav;wacsmif;jzpfatmif uspf&w,f? tJ'D ºuGyfºuGyftdwfjzpf óud;eJ@ oHuGif;
=um;v#K+d yD;csn/f aemuf óud;pESpcf k cg;rSmywf+yD; taeawmftaetxm;twdik ;f acguw f eG @f tjrJcsnx f m;
vdu k &f w,f? vufu udik zf @kd rvdak wmhbJ ajcusi;f qdik &f m 'Gg'&mawG[m ud, k ef @J twl yl;wGu J yfyg ,SOaf e
+y;D om; jzpfomG ;w,f? vufEpS zf ufv;kH [m vGwv f w G uf |wu f |wf v_y&f mS ;Edik w
f t hJ aetxm;rsKd ; jzpfvmcJh
w,f? axmifxJuae &JbufxkwfcH&wJh tusOf;om;rSefor# tJ'Dtaetxm;twdkif;awGcsnf; jzpfyg
w,f/
ajcusif;cwfxm;cH&wJhtwGuf ajcaxmufuawmh oGufoGufvufvufroGm;vmEdkif? ajcusif;
a=umifh toGm;tvmaES;auG;&±Hrk u/ ajcusi;f wefqm'Gg'&mawG&ŒJ ESpyf \ d mcGo J ;kH yd\mavmuftav;
a=umifhvJ vlwudk,fvHk; txl;ojzifhatmufydkif;wydkif;vHk; cJqGJcHxm;&ovdk jzpf+yD; tjrJwrf;aES;auG;
av;vHae&awmhw,f? ajcusif;oHuawmh xHk;pHtwdkif; wc|ifc|ifaygh?
ajcusi;f tusO;f om;tkypf w k pkavmuf 0ifxu G of mG ;vmae+yDq&kd if cavmufawG jcLawG tjynfh
qGJay;xm;wJh u|JtkyfEGm;tkyf}uD;wtkyfavmuf vSnfhvSnfhoGm;vmaeovdkrsKd;ygyJ? toHyvHawG[m
qlnHpifxGufaeawmhw,f? a&mufae&wJhb0ykHoGif[m rn‡mwrf;pum;vHk;ra&G;bJ cdkif;E_dif; ajymqdk&
r,fq&kd if wu,fu h kd vlom;wd&p>mef tkypf }k uD;wpkvykd gy?J vlom;awGukd wd&p>mefyrm ðyxm;wmygy?J
EGm;awGudk ESmzm;óud;wyfay;xm;ovdk jrif;awGudk yg;csyfwyfay;xm;ovdk/ qifawGudk xl;cwfay;
xm;ovdk/ vlom;pifppfawGudk ajcusif;wyfay;xm;wm ygyJ?
ajcusif;[m tifrwef±dkif;ysr_&JŒ trSwftom;jzpfovdk/ zdESdyfolawG&JŒ vufoHk;/ zdESdyfn‡Of;yef;a&;
56 0if;wifhxGef;
ajcusi;f
wefqmyvmwck/ tifrwefrkef;wD;pufqkyfp&mypPnf;wckyJ? 'DypPnf;[m udkvdkeDacwfuvJ&SdcJhovdk
ya'o&mZfacwfuvJ &SdcJhw,f? aus;ydkifu|efydkifacwfuvJ &SdcJhwmyJ? =unfhyghvm;? pyg;wm;uyfwdk@
acwfuvJ ajcusi;f eJ@ oHuiG ;f qufaESmifóu;d }u;D eJ@y?J 'Dajcusi;f eJ@ oHaESmifóu;d udk t+y;D wdik cf sK;d zsuzf @kd qw kd m
tkyfpdk;olvl,kwfrmawGudk z,f&Sm;ypfEdkifrSyJ atmifjrifr,fhudpPav?
“aESmifóud;udk 'd@k vuf±;kH eJ@ csK;d zsuaf v”wJ?h tifwmae&Sief ,focD si;f }uD;xJu oDcsi;f aw;oGm;wyd'k f
[m ajcusif;cwfoHóud;wJhay;xm;jcif;cH&ol&JŒ &ifxJajy;ajy;0ifvmjyefw,f?
ajcusif;eJ@oHóud;udk rcsKd;zsufypfEdkifao;cifrSmawmh udk,fhajcaxmufudk udk,foabmrwlygyJ vm
cwfay;xm;wJh ajcusi;f eJ@ou H iG ;f awGukd wcgwcgjyefjyef*±kpu kd af e&wJb h 0avmuf a=uuGpJ &maumif;
wm&Syd gao;&JŒvm;? ud, k rf ek ;f wD;&G&H mS vSwhJ olwkd *±kwpdu k f ,k,ðypkae&wJt h jzpfrsK;d av? ud, k uhf kd ae@pOf
tcgrvyf 'kuQay;aewJholudk 'kuQay;r_oufomatmif acsmharmhae&ovdkrsKd;av?
ajcusi;f eJ@ou H iG ;f awGukd ºuGyºf uGyt f w d pf w
k pf wcke@J r=umr=um wdu k cf |wyf w G o f yfay;ae&jyefw,f?
wcgw&H a&csKd;cs/ *efzvm;csawGrSm trSwfrxifaumuf,l&&Sdavh&SdwJh tkwfeDcJyJhao;ao;av; 'grS
r[kwf ausmufp &pfcaJ o;ao;av;eJ@vJ ajcusi;f twGi;f tjyifay: oHóud;uGi;f quftwGi;f tjyifay:u
txyfxyfwufaewJh oHacs; oHn‡d oHr_H oHppGef;av;awGudk wdkufc|wfay;ae&w,f?
'Davmufwu kd cf |wf yGwo f yfay;ae&wJ=h um;xJuawmifajcusi;f 0wfywfywfvnfwckv;kH [m ESi;f cl
rJr}J uD;pGaJ eovdk jzpfaew,f? ud, k ahf jcaxmuf ud, k jf yefjrif&wmawmif rowDp&m? ajcusi;f 0wf&um
pqd&k if ajcusi;f pGe;f oHaZmif;&Sxm;wJh '%f&m'%fcsuaf wGyvAGe@J ajcusi;f 0wfEpS cf v k ;kH [m zl;a&mifnKd
udkif;+yD; oajyoD;rSnfha&mifxvdk@? aemufawmh oHqdyfoifhaewJh '%f&mawG[m +yDawGwpdkpdk ,ifawG
wtHt k jkH zpfvmw,f? cufwmu vlrqefwhJ acG;wd&p>mefw@kd &ŒJ axmifwiG ;f pnf;urf;Oya'qdw k mawGu
'%f&moufomatmif ajcusif;0wfudk t0wfav; ºuGyfºuGyftdwfpav;bmav; ywfxm;umuG,f
pnf;aESmifxm;vdk@vJr&? ajcusif;uGif;udk t0wfywfxm; cGifhvJr&Sd? =uHzefta=umif;jycsufuawmh
ajcusi;f uGi;f av;Apfukd ðywfatmifvyk x f m;+yD; t0wfe@J ywfxm; pD;xm; b,fEh , S v hf yk rf vJæwJ?h rw&m;
npfywfpw k yf whJ hJ tkypf ;kd ole@J tyfp;kd ol&ŒJ tm%myg;uGuo f m;awGrmS aumuf aumufuspu f spf qifajc
qifvufay;p&mawGu tjrJwef;tjynf?h iHyad v;eJeyJ g;yg; yd, k o l rd ;f xm;&if jy\emvkycf si&f if qifajc
ay;ajymwwfwmu oHwikd &f if; iHyyd x kH m;+yD; oHwikd jf ywfatmifvyk f b,fEh , S v f yk rf vJæ wJ?h axmifwiG ;f
wdkufwGif;u tcdkiftcef@oHwdkifudk iHydyHkjzwf+yD; axmifuxGufajy;cJhzl;wJhvl b,fESpfa,mufrsm;&SdcJhzl;
ovJ?
=uH=uHzefzef ,kwf,kwfrmrmqifajcay;+yD; tjrJwef; zdESdyfn‡Of;yef;zdk@ tuGufcspOf;pm;aewwfwJh
aumifrsKd;awGæ? wcgwcg ajcusif;oHacsmif;tay:qHk; vufudkifuGif;=um;v#Kd+yD; cg;rSmywfxm;&wJh
ºuyG ºf uyG t f wd pf vkyf óu;d ao;ao;av;udak wmif odr;f csiv f modr;f wwfjyefao;w,f? ta=umif;jycsuu f
'Dóud;udktoHk;ðy+yD; udk,hfvnfyif; udk,fpGyf aoa=umif;=uHpnf&if b,fhES,fvkyfrvJæwJh? at;æ 'dk@u
udk,fhudk,fudkawmh b,fawmhrSowfraobl;/ rif;wdk@udkom owfypfcsifwmvdk@/ 'if;wdk@rsufESmaphaph
=unfh+yD; ajymvdkufcsifwmrS v#mudk,m;vdk@?
ajcusi;f &JŒ'kuu Q tdyw f t hJ cgvJ awmfawmfuoduatmufjzpf&jyefw,f? oGm;vmaerS wc|icf |if
jrnfwwfwmr[kw?f 'l;av;tauG;vdu k f ajcaxmufav;tvSnv hf ukd f ud, k af v;trSww f rJh tapmif;
0if;wifhxGef; 57
vdkufrSmvJ wc|ifc|ifjrnfjyefw,f? &Hzef&Hcg vef@vef@awmif Edk;rdw,f? bmoHvJaygh? wu,fu udk,fh
ajcaxmufay:u ajcusif;oH? wayeD;yg; oHacsmif;vHk;}uD;ESpfcku aygif=um;u zGm;bufawmfudk
uvef@+yD; n‡yo f wfypfovdrk jzpf&atmif 'grrS [kwf wH;k armif;acguv f u kd o f vdk rjzpf&atmifvJ tdycf ge;D
tawmf owdxm;&w,f? ajcusif;óud;pudk av#mh/ oHacsmif;ESpfacsmif;udk ykqdk;pay:rSmwif 'l;avmuf
a&mufatmifwGef;+yD;rS tdyf&w,f?
aqmif;nawGuawmh tqd;k qH;k ayg?h uav;xkyw f hJ tES;D purS ydx k al umif; xlEikd af o;wJh apmifyg;yg;
av;rsK;d eJ@tyd &f wJt h xJ ajcusi;f uGi;f uoH/ oHacsmif;u oHawGe@J &Hzef&cH g xdawG@vu kd &f wJh tom;ta&
[m pdrfhceJ pdrfh ceJ at;puf usifwufoGm;&ygw,f? a&cJacsmif;eJ@ vmxdvdkufovdkygyJ? armvsyifyef;
vGef;vSayrJh tdyfr&wJhnaygif;rsm;pGm=um; rvSrytdyfrufqdk;awGeJ@csnf; &ifqdkifae&ygw,f?
oHajcusif;eJ@ oHuGif;awGudk=unfh&if;=unfh&if;u pl;pl;&S&Srkef;wD;vmw,f?
usaemfrh suaf phxrJ mS oHajcusi;f [m i&JacG;}uD;waumif&ŒJ tusn;f wef yg;pyfjyJjyJ}uD;wayguf jzpf
aew,f? 'Diwf}uD;us i&JacG;}uD;&JŒyg;pyfayguu f usaemfah jcaxmufukd tirf;r&udu k if x kH m;w,f? ol@&ŒJ
tpG,fESpfckeJ@ ajcaxmufudk r=umr=umukwfjcpfudkufzJhwwfao;w,f? tJ'Di&JacG;}uD;udk usaemfhqD
v$wfvdkufwJh vuf&SdacG;ydkif&Sifuawmh ol@udk,fol‘tpdk;&’vdk@ aºuG;a=umfaewJh taumif}uD;ygyJ?
oHuGif;qufawGuawmh a¹rGayG;waumif&JŒausmay:u tuGuftuGufawGygyJ? 'D a¹rGayG;uvJ
usaemfhudk,fay: tqdyfcdk;awG tqufrjywfr_wfxkwfaew,f?
'D i&JacG;ESpaf umif&ŒJ yg;pyfukd ±du k jf zJypf+yD; a¹rGayG;ausmjyifukd EkwEf w k pf if;ypfvu kd cf sio
f vdk 'DacG;eJ@
a¹rGayG;ydkif&SifudkvJ t0DpdwoufvHk;ydk@xm;vdkufcsifpdwfawG wzGm;zGm;ay:vmw,f?
olw@kd &ŒJ pkwyf n hJ pfywfre_ @J wefatmif/ ud, k v f J jyefru
kd ±f ikd ;f wk@H jyef&r,fq&kd if/ ud, k af wmif vl,w k rf m
jzpfoGm;Edkifw,f? owdxm; owdxm;vdk@ udk,fhudk,fudk jyefqHk;rae&w,f?
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aumif;vSygw,f?
“aumif;aumif;wdu k /f aumif;aumif;wdu k /f ajcusi;f u tae=um&if oHqyd o f if+h yD; ae0if&w D a&m
rSm bmrS=unfv h @kd rjrif&wJh tajctaea&mufwwfw,f? =uufrsuo f ifw h hJ rsuaf phvkd jzpfomG ;wwfw,f
wJh”
b0wl ajcusif;&Jabmf}uD;u ðyH;ppeJ@ajym&if; olvJ ol@ajcusif; olwdkufae&Smw,f?
“ud, k o hf rD;yg;av;awmif 'Davmuf,, k , k ,yGwo f yf ray;zl;ygb;l ? ckrS ud, k chf wfxm;wJh ajcusi;f
udk,fjyef,k,aevdkuf&yHkrsm;æ”&Jabmf}uD;&JŒ ememusifusif qufvufajymaeoHudk em;axmif&if;
wHawG;udk }udwfrsKdcsaerdjyefw,f? Ò
0if;wifhxGef;
58 0if;wifhxGef;
0if;wifhxGef; 59
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wdu k w f iG ;f b0rSm vle@J oel @J rsm;rsm;pm;pm;pkaygi;f +yD; aexdik cf iG &hf wm odyrf =umvSao;? usaemf&h ŒJ
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wa,mufwnf;aecJh&ovdk/ (6)wdkufxJavmufudkufcH&csdefwkef;uvJ wa,mufwnf;? (6)wdkufxJ
4-v eD;yg;pHjref;cJh&+yD; ref;aiGatmifwdk@&JŒ toHv$ifh±HkvSrf;xkwJhtjzpftysuf}uD;ay:aygufvmcJh&csdef/
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kd m; wOD;OD;udk tqd;k qH;k tcef;
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wa,mufwnf;?
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rsm;awmif?
5 wdkuf tcef;eHygwf(22)
usaemfwdk@tcef;[m 5-wdkufrSm tpGef;qHk;tcef;? usaemfwdk@tcef;&JŒtpGef;qHk; wqufwnf;
tkww f w H ikd ;f ab;rSm rvG,w f cH g;ayguaf v;wck&w dS ,f? tjrJwrf;ydwx f m;avh&w dS ,f? 'DwcH g;ayguaf v;
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0if;wifhxGef; 61
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(12) em&Daemufydkif;uae reuf*efzvm;cscsdef (trsm;tm;jzifh (7)em&DcGJ (8)em&DtwGif;) acs;,dkjcif;
udpP t+yD;tjywfaqmif&u G xf m;=ua=u; pnf;urf;csujf zpfygw,f? rsuaf phtusihf 0rf;tcsiq hf wkd Jh pum;
twdkif; usaemfwdk@rSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh udk,fhpnf;urf;csufeJ@tnD atmifjrifpGm taumiftxnf
azmfEdkifcJh=uygw,f/ tusifhjzpfoGm;cJh=uygw,f?
aemufqHk;acs;ygolrjzpfatmiftwGuf reufrvif;cif tapm}uD;xx+yD; *efzvm;ay: um;,m;
}uD;cG acs;ygwwfoluawmh udkodef;jrifh jzpfygw,f? tapm}uD;ygoljzpfawmh toef@&Sif;qHk;yg&ol?
“tif;æ us;D uef;awmif acs;rpm;ao;bl;/ a,mufzuawmh acs;yg+yD;+yD”vd@k usaemfup&if olu
ðyH;ðyH;}uD; oabmusaewwfw,f? wcgw&H ud&k x J u G }f uD;u ol@t&ifyg+yD;om;jzpfae&if“tif; æ 'Dae@
awmh noef;aumifausmu f wnf;u b,fcseyf , D u H iG ;f zGiyhf v
JG yk o
f mG ;ovJrodb;l ” vd@k ðyH;+yD; nnf;wJh
tcg udk&JxGwfu ðyH;vdk@?
rsm;aomtm;jzifh acs;*efzvm;wm0ef[m udkvSa&$eJ@ usaemfygyJ?
2?
'Dae@u ±Hk;xGufae@?
reuftapm}uD;uwnf;u udk&JxGwf[m *k%fawmfykwD;wywf pdyf+yD;oGm;+yD?
±Hk;xGufae@rdk@ a&csKd;cGifhyg&wJhtwGuf *efzvm;cs&if; a&vJcsKd;+yD;=u+yD?
“udkif;æ OD;av;/ 'Dae@uawmh vufuseftjywf&Sif;yJ/ &Sdwmtukefpm;=updk@” udkvSa&$toHuvJ
wufºuGrt _ jynf?h OD;xGe;f &Sed u
f ae@pOfpm;aomuf+yD;vd@k wwdwad vsmyh g;vm&+yD; zifuyfomomyJ usef
awmhwJh ºuGyfºuGyftdwfydefydefav;ESpftdwfudk qGJcsvmw,f? tdwfoGefzmarSmuf tukefxkwf+yD; cGJwrf;
64 0if;wifhxGef;
5 wkduf/ tcef; 22
csvdkufawmh rkef@ºuGyfu wa,mufwck/ yJ}uD;avSmfu taphESpfq,fpDcef@/ xef;vsufu oHk;cJpD? 'g æ
reuftapmpm?
“ w&m;±Hk;a&mufrS rdef;r,lvm+yD;cGH@au|;r,fh tpm;taomufaumif;aumif;udk twdk;cs+yD;
pm;cJhawmh a,mufza& ”
usaemfu udkodef;jrifhudk uvdw,f?
“ rde;f ru vmrvmrodygb;l a,mufz&m tarawmhvmrSmyJ/ rde;f rvmr,ft h ywf tarrvmcJeh @J /
em;vdkufygajymvJ taruawmhvmrSmyJ ”
“ at;av tarqdkwm rdcifudk;? 'ga=umifh om;av;uvJ vdrRmvdkufwm? tdrfu cufcufcJcJ
yd@k ay;vdu
k w f "hJ mwfyEkH pS yf rkH mS tareJ@tazyHu k kd acgi;f &if;rSmawmhxm;yg&ŒJ / 'gayr,fh ae@wikd ;f wae@t}udrf
w&mavmufxkwfxkwf=unfhaewmu rdef;reJ@orD;yHkyJav” vdk@ usaemfu xyfaemufrdawmh/
“[m a,mufz&m”qdk+yD; udkodef;jrifh idkifusoGm;w,f?
“uAsmq&m æ cifAsm;u rdefrr&Sd &nf;pm;r&Sd óudufr,fholr&Sdawmh 'gawGem;rvnfbl;av?
rde;f rvm&if b,favmuf tpm;taomufaumif;awG ,lvm+yD;au|;au|; odypf m;jzpfwmr[kwb f ;l ?
rde;f rrsuEf mS =unfh vufuav;udik +f yD; [dpk um;'Dpum;ajymae&wmeJ@yJ tpm;taomufpm;csed rf &vdu k f
awmhb;l arhomG ;a&mAs” ud&k x J wG u
f rsurf eS }f uD;=um;uae 0if;vufaewJh rsuaf phtpHek @J ajymvmw,f?
“ckvdktcsdefrSm [dkzufxdyfubdkaX;qdk&if qyfjymar$;wdkufxm;+yD; rajymifhwajymif rpifhwpifcsKd;
xm;&wJh a&pdkudk,f}uD;udk bmt0wfeJ@rSrokwfypfbJ aea&mifatmuf ikwfwkwfxdkif&if; tajcmufcH
aeavmuf+yD”
udk&JxGwfu &,f+yD;ajymvmw,f?
“bmvdk@wkef;”usaemfu em;rvnfpGm jyefar;rdw,f?
“'Dvadk v/ usaemfu bdak X;eJ@[w kd ek ;f u wcef;wnf;ae&zl;awmh twGi;f odAs? ±H;k xGu&f uf a&csK;d cs
vJ&vdk@ a&csKd;&wdkif; bdkaX;tJ'DvdkaewmawG@awmh ar;=unfhrdw,f? bdkaX; rif;a&awGokwfypfæ awmf
=um tat;rdaetHk;r,fajymrdawmh oluðyH;+yD; rvkyfygeJ@Asmæ usaemfar$;qyfjymawG trsm;}uD;wdkuf
xm;&wmygw?hJ usaemfvJ ±kww f &uf oabmraygub f ;l ? aemuf olu qufajymw,f? okwyf pfvu kd f
&if tar$;eH@awGaysmufomG ;rSmayg?h ckæ 'Dtwdik ;f ol@[mol tajcmufcaH evdu k af wmh wud, k v
f ;kH tar$;
eH@omu pdrfh+yD;pGJ+yD;usefchJw,f? tJ'g rdef;reJ@awG@awmh axmifapmfreHawmhyJ ar$;aewmayghAsmæwJh/
usaemfhrdef;ru tar$;eH@om odyfóudufwmæwJh”
usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;ðyH;vdkufrd=uw,f/
“tJ'Dvdkaumifæ bdkaX;qdkwJhtaumif =uH=uHzefzef usifh=uHwwfyHkrsm;æ”
udk&JxGwfu tm;&yg;&ajym+yD; w[J[J&,fw,f?
“bdak X;uawmh uav;omomAsm/ toufuvJi,fao; tdraf xmifuvJuscgp cGv J m&&Smw,f?
wcsKd@rsm; toufuvJ}uD;+yD/ om;orD;awmifESpfa,muf&vdk@ tdrfaxmifoufawmif&vS+yD?
bdkaX;xufawmif cspfwwfao; odyftEkynmqefwm odyfuAsmqefwmAs”
usaemfuðyH;+yD; pvdkufawmhæ
“uAsmq&mæ b,fol@ajymwmvJAs”vdk@ udkodef;jrifhu oGufoGuf}uD;ar;w,f?
0if;wifhxGef; 65
“[m cifAsm;uvJ wcef;wnf;ae+yD; rodbl;vm;Asm”
usaemfu pum;udk csKdxm;vdkufw,f? udk&JxGwfu ðyH;ðyH;}uD;vkyfaew,f?
“'Dae@[m vufudkify0gvJae@av”
usaemfu pum;pudk xyf+yD;qufvdkufawmh udk&JxGwfu [uf[ufyufyuf &,fw,f? +yD;awmh
&Suðf y;H }u;D eJ@ajymvdu k af o;w,f?“usLyfv#LŒd 0Sucf suaf wGawmh tukeaf y:ukeyf g+y”D wJ?h ol@tjzpfu 'Dvæ kd
ol@rmS tjrJwef; vufuikd yf 0k gav; wxnf&adS ewwfw,f? vufuikd yf 0k gu rde;f rudik v f ufuikd yf 0k g?
wcgeJ@wcg ±Hk;xGufwywfeJ@wywf=um; vufudkifyk0gav;awG[m ta&mifrwlovkd vufudkifyk0gay:
'DZikd ;f av;awG±yk yf akH v;awG[mvJ rwlwwf/ tjrJajymif;ajymif;aewwfw,f? tm;vH;k [m vSvyS yav;
awGcsnf;ygyJ?
reufapmapm bk&m;&Scd ;kd ykw;D pdy+f yD;&if use;f rma&;avhusichf ef;vkyaf vh&w dS ,f? ckeq f cG ek q
f v G yk wf m
'du k xf ;kd wm rwfrwf&yf&mu wjznf;jznf;ud, k uf kd n$w+f yD; vufzsm;eJ@ajczsm;xdwm cg;avhusichf ef;vkyf
wm pojzifh pojzifh rsK;d udpk v kH @kd ygy?J q&m0efra,musmf ;jzpfwu hJ &kd x
J w
G u f use;f rma&;udt k av;xm;+yD;
avhusifhcef;rSefrSefvkyfavh&SdwmeJ@tòydif udk,fudk,fwdkifq&m0efjzpfwJh a,mufz}uD;udkodef;jrifh[mvJ
avhusichf ef;rSerf eS }f uD; vkyw f wfoyl g? OD;av;OD;xGe;f&edS u f awmh cg;avhusichf ef;av; acgi;f avhusichf ef;av;
avmufygy?J avhusichf ef;aumif;aumif;vkyaf vhr&Sw d mu usaemfe@J udv k aS &$ygy?J udo
k ed ;f jrifu h ol@[mol
avhusifhcef;vkyf±HkeJ@tm;r& usaemfhudkyg twif;qGJxl+yD; “a,mufz vmvm avhusifhcef;vkyf&atmif/
'DxrJ mS use;f rma&; ta&;}uD;w,f”ajym&if; rvkyv f yk af tmif wGe;f tm;ay;cdik ;f apwmrsK;d r=umc%vkyf
wwfw,f? ol@pdwfapwemudkem;vnfayr,fh usaemfu cyfysif;ysif;/ +yD;awmh olwdk@avmufvJrvkyf
wwf rvkyEf ikd ?f
*efzvm;cs+yD;&if a&mufwwf&m&majym=u qdk=u &D=uarm=u tawG@tñuHawGcsif; zvS,f=ueJ@
wa,mufta=umif;wa,muf tdwo f eG zf marSmufe;D yg; odae=u+yD;om; jzpfw,f? rdbaqGrsK;d nDtudk
armifErS om;orD;ta=umif;awGavmufru vuf&o dS w l @kd ZeD;awGe@J b,fv&kd cJ=h uwm/ b,fvkd &nf;pm;
oemjzpfcJh=uwmrsKd;txd pHkwumhpHkatmif odae=u&w,f? vlqdkwmu udk,fhta=umif;udk,f ajym
tjycsiq f ;kH ajymtjywwfq;kH owW0gwrsK;d jzpfwt hJ jyif wjcm;vlwa,muf&ŒJ tjzpftysuu f v kd J pdw0f if
pm;pGm em;tqifcsifqHk;/ em;taxmifwwfqHk; todvdkqHk;yk*~dKvfawGr[kwfvm;? cHpm;wwfolawG
tonf;ESvHk;&SdolawGqdkawmh 'Dvdkae&mtcef;usOf;av;xJrSmyJtwlwl b0=urRmqHk=u&wJhtcg ydk+yD;
ajymjzpf qdjk zpf =um;emem;qifjzpf=u&if; wa,mufta=umif;wa,muf yd+k yD;odvmcJ=h u&wm "rRwm
yJ r[kwfvm;?
OD;av;OD;xGe;f &Sed &f ŒJ ZeD;a':pef;jrift h a=umif;udk rsuEf mS rjrifb;l ayr,fh odaecJ=h u&ovdk udo k ed ;f jrifh
&JŒZeD; a'gufwmcifpef;0if;ta=umif;udkvJ usaemfwdk@rSm &if;ESD;u|rf;0ifae&+yD;om;? udk&JxGwf}uD;ZeD;
a'gufwmEG,fEG,fat; ta=umif;qdk&if ±Hk;xGuf axmifbl;0w&m;±Hk;rSmvJ r=umr=umqHkjzpfaeawmh
ydak wmif u|r;f 0if&if;ES;D +yD;om;jzpfaew,f? ud&k x J w G }f u;D u Zmwfvrf;yrmem;qifp&m tajymaumif;ol
qdkawmh olwdk@ESpfa,muf&JŒta=umif;u ydkvdk@awmif ±kyfvHk;ºuGaeawmhw,f?
udo k ed ;f jrifh r=umr=umajymwwfwmu “tifrwefcspyf gw,fqw kd hJ vifr,m;awG/ nDtudk armif
ESrt&if;awGawmif aoaocsmcsmwGf=unhf&if cifAsm;wdk@usaemfwdk@avmuf 'Davmuf vufyGef;wwD;
66 0if;wifhxGef;
5 wkduf/ tcef; 22
aecJ=h u&wmr[kwb f ;l aemf? tjyifrmS u vifr,m;qdw k mawmif wae@cif;vH;k ud, k t hf vkyu f , kd of mG ;&/
ud, k uhf pd uP , kd af qmif&u G &f eJ@ navmufyJ twlwel =u&wm nDtudak rmifErS qdo k nfxufawmif twl
wl ae=u& qHk=u& xdawG@qufqH=u&wJhtcsdef eJao;w,f? cifAsm;wdk@usaemfwdk@rsm;=unfhprf;æ *ef
zvm;cs av; ig; ajcmufrdepfavmufuvGJvdk@ (24)em&DvHk;vHk; ae@wdkif; twlwlrcGJrcGm aeae=u&wm
aemf æ” wJh?
“yÏmef;qufawGaygAh smæ bmoma&;oabmt&qd&k if yÏmef;qufawGayg”h pdwyf w k ;D }uD;eJ@ ud&k J
xGwfu ðyH;ðyH;}uD; rSwfcsufcscJhw,f?
“twlwlae=u&±Hkru æ acs;awmif wtifwHkxJ wtdk;xJyg=u&wmaemf” vdk@ udkvSa&$}uD;u
aemufawmh udkode;fjrifhu [D;ceJ&,fw,f?
“wtd;k xJ yg&wmayr,fh olcsn;f t&ifygw,fygAsm” vd@k usaemfu t&$e;f azmufawmh udo k ed ;f jrifh
u w[m;[m;&,fwJhtjyif “'guawmh udk,fhzifudk,f pepfwusxdef;csKyf trdef@ay;Edkifr_csif; uGm
wmudk;”wJh? tJ'Dvdk &,f&,farmarm aysmfaysmf&$if&$ifeJ@ i&Jcef;=um; jzwfoef;ausmfv$m;cJh&w,f/
reufpmxrif;pm;aomuf+yD;=ucsdefwdkif; wa&;warm xrif;vHk;pD=uavh&Sdw,f? tJ'DvdktcgrSm
awmh ud&k x J w G }f uD;rsuEf mS ay:rSm vufuikd yf 0k gav;wifv@kd vufuikd yf 0k gay:uar$;&eH@ukd wr#O;f r#O;f &SLae
vduk yf rkH sm; tom;us+yD; orx0g&ifw h a,muf&ŒJ xGuo f uf0ifouf &SLaeyHt k wdik ;f ygy?J zGzaG v; nifnif
omomav;yg? avsmif;vsuv f vJS sut f aetxm;eJ@ owdyÏmefrw S af ewmr[kwrf eS ;f vJ usaemfoad e
ygw,f? olu w&m;xdik &f if xdik &f uftaetxm;eJ@yJ reufwcg nwcg xdik w f wfoal v? xrif;pm;+yD;p
rsuEf mS ay: vufuikd yf 0k gav;wif+yD; touf&LS aewmu tcspu f od% k ;f psmefawG0ifaewmyg? 'Dvufuikd f
yk0gav;u rEG,Ef , G af t;u ±H;k xGuw f &m;±H;k vm&cge;D wywfe;D yg; ,k,, k ,udik w f , G t
f oH;k ðyvmcJw h hJ
vufuikd yf 0k gav;yg? tJ'v D ufuikd yf 0k gav;rsK;d udk ud&k x
J w G uf ±H;k xGurf mS w,kw,o,fvm/ tdyw f ikd ;f
rsufESmay: wiftdyf/ tcspf&JŒ&eH@oif;oif;av;awGudk *E<m±Hkuodk%f;±_ygw,f? wu,fhudk tm±HkEkEk
pdwu f ;l csKcd sKad v;eJ@yg? aemufwywf±;kH xGucf sed af &mufawmh &ref}uD;wywfv;kH vH;k ol*±kwpdu k f toH;k ðy
vmcJhwJh vufudkifyk0gav;[m udk&JxGwf&JŒtaiG@toufawGu zHk;ae+yDaygh? tJ'Dvdktcsdef±Hk;xGuf
aemufwausmhrSm rEG,fEG,fat;ua&mufvm/ tdrfutqifoifh,lvmcJhwJh aemufxyf vufudkifyk0g
topfav;udak y;/ olu ol@qu D oH;k pGx J m;+yD; vufuikd yf 0k ga[mif;av;udjk yefay;eJ@ vufuikd yf 0k gav;awG
[m cspfolESpfOD;&JŒarwWm&eH@awG tjyeftvSefxHkr$rf;ul;quf&m oufrJhwrefav;awGozG,f jzpfae=u
awmhwmayg?h b,fah vmuftEkynmqefvu kd w
f phJ w
d u f ;l ygv?J b,fah vmufuAsmqefvu kd w f hJ ork',
oauFwygvJ?
'Dvkd tEkpw d qf efvw S hJ v#KŒd 0Sut f a=umif;t&mawG[m ud&k x J wG }f uD;ud,k wf ikd &f ŒJ &Suu f ;kd &Suu f ef;
wydkif;wp ajzmifhcsufrSefzGifh[r_awGtay:uae qufpyfem;vnf odjrifvmcJh&wmawG jzpfygw,f?
'ga=umifh “ 'Dae@vufudkifyk0g vJae@av” vdk@ usaemfupvdkufawmh olu“usKyf v#KdŒcsufawG
awmh tukefay:ukefyg+yD ”wJh?
“ud&k x J w G af & æ 'DxrJ mS awmh tukeaf y:=u+yD;om;ygyAJ sm/ &Surf aeyge@J awmh? axmufvrS ;f a&;rSm
awmif ray:cJh&wJh[mawGawmif 'DtxJrSmawmh ay:ukefyg+yD? 'ga=umifh usaemf c%c%ajymwmaygh/
nDtudak rmifErS t&if;csi;f awmif usaemfw@kd avmuf vufyeG w f wD; raecJ=h u&zl;ygb;l vd@k ? +yD;awmh tck
0if;wifhxGef; 67
cifAsm;wdk@usaemfwdk@ wa,mufta=umif;wa,muf tao;pdwfodxm;=uoavmuf rod=uEdkifygbl;
vdk@” udkodef;jrifhu ðyH;aphapheJ@ ajymvmw,f?
“uJæ rxl;awmhygb;l / 'Dwcgawmh vlvpf&if rde;f rudk erf;jzpfatmifc;kd erf;cJt h ;kH r,f/ b,fEh , S w f ek ;f
zdk;odef;jrifh cifAsm;aumæ”
udk&JxGwfu &$wfaemufaemuf xyfajymawmh udkodef;jrifhu [D;ceJ&,faew,f?
“wajz;ajz;pD&ifcsuf tcscH&zdk@eD;ae+yDaemf/ axmifuusudkusrSm aocsmw,f? b,fESESpf tcscH&
r,fwm rajymwwfwm? axmifus+yD;&if axmif0ifpmvmawG@&if 'DvdktcGifhta&;r&Sdawmhbl;aemfæ
axmif0ifpmcef;rSmu oHZumpdyfpdyf}uD;jcm;+yD; awG@&rSm”
ud&k x
J wG u f xyfaemufaew,f?
“oHZumpdypf yd }f uD;jcm;xm;vJ vufnKd‡ ;av;avmufawmh&tH;k rSmyg ud&k x J w G &f ,f” vd@k usaemfu
0ifaemufvdkufawmh tm;vHk;&,f=uw,f?
“a[m'DuAsmq&m[m ol@rmS jyp&m &nf;pm;vJ wlww l efwefr&Sd rde;f rvJr&Sq d akd wmh ±H;k xGuw f ikd ;f
olrsm;vifr,m;twGJawGudkcsnf; tm;tm;,m;,m;av#muf=unfhae+yD; tukefvdkufrSwfaewm”
udk&JxGwfu usaemfhudk tðyH;eJ@ jyefwHk@jyefw,f?
“[dk;æ wywfausmf±Hk;xGufuav/ usaemfwdk@tr_wGJeJ@ olwdk@tr_wGJ wòydifeufwnf;±Hk;xkwf+yD;
jyefydk@awmhvJ wòydifeufwnf;As”
usaemfu pum;p±H&k adS o; ud&k x J w G u f [JceJ&,fae+yD? udo k ed ;f jrifu
h tH=h o[efrsucf ;kH }uD; yif=h unf
w,f?
“tcsKyfum;}u;D uvJ cifAsm;wd@k ow d t hJ wdik ;f tvHyk wd ?f eHab;tay:rSm av0ifayguaf o;ao;av;yJ
ygwm? 'gawmif oHacsmif;av;awGpu kd +f yD; um&Hxm;vdu k af o;w,f? tJ'gu&kd x J wG &f ,f +idr+f idru f kd txJ
rSm xdik rf aebl;? vufwzufu olrsm;eJ@wv JG ufxyd cf wfxm;awmh vGwaf ewJv h ufwzuf uref;uwef;
xkwf rsuEf mS }uD;uvJ av0ifayguo f w H ikd ef m;twif;wd;k uyf+yD; um;ab;txdw;kd uyfvmwJh rEG,af t;
udk vSrf;c:w,f? rEG,fat;u vSrf;+yD;vufurf;awmh ol@rSm t&trdvufn‡dK;csif;vSrf;csdwfvdk@Asæ tJ
oavmuf æ tJoavmuf”
udok ed ;fjrifu
h oabmusveG ;f pGm &,fw,f? usaemfw@kd xrJ mS Áa¹EN}uD;vSwhJ OD;av;OD;xGe;f &Sed }f uD;
awmif ðyH;vdk@?
“'Dvl tukefrSwfxm;wmAs/ tJ'gtjyifa&muf&ifawmh pmawGbmawG ra&;eJ@aemf”
udk&JxGwfu ðyH;ðyH;}uD;wm;w,f?
usaemfwdk@wawG &,farmae=uwkef; xrif;xdk;xGef;qdkif tcef;a&SŒa&mufvmw,f?
“ud&k xJ w G w f @kd tqifoifjh yifxm; t0wfvx J m;awmh/ awmf=um cifAsm;wd@k ±H;k xGux f wk af wmhrmS ?
cifAsm;wdk@tr_wGJt&ifxkwfrSmvdk@ ±Hk;cef;rSm=um;vdkufw,fæ”
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“rodb;l ”
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aumif;avmufatmif edpP"l0 =um;ae&awmhw,f?
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tE W&m,f}uD;w,f”
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h mac: jyefwmvm;csn;f atmuf
arhaew,f”
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toHawGu em;xJoyH &l nfe@J avmif;csay;aeovdyk gb?J ‘ppfa=uma&;/ ppfa=uma&;’qdw k hJ pum;vH;k
[m tif;pdefaxmifwdkufcef;awG=um;rSm rpifykyfeH@vdk/ o&Jobufwaumifvdk/ iSufqdk;xdk;oHvdk/
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w,f?
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kd f
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0if;wifhxGef; 73
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ukvm;xdik Ef pS v f ;kH &Sw
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+yD;xGufvmcJh&if EdkifiHa&;awG bmawGvkyfraeygeJ@awmhAsm? acgif;aqmifqdkwJhaumifawGu yg;awmif
wcsuft±dkufrcHwmawG trsm;}uD;yg? 'D=um;xJ cifAsm;u temcHvdk@vJ cifAsm;yJ cH&wmyJ? u|efawmf
78 0if;wifhxGef;
ppfa=uma&;
pdwrf aumif;ygb;l ? u|ef awmf wu,fajymwmyg? cifAsm; ,Hck sirf , S ykH g ”olu avat;av;eJ@ajym&if;
pD;u&ufwvdyf xkwfaomufw,f? u|efawmfhudkvJ wvdyfurf;ay;+yD; rD;ygn‡day;vmw,f? tem;u
a&aEG;=urf;tdk;xJu a&aEG;=urf;wcGufudkvJ iSJ@ay;jyefw,f? a&aEG;=urf;rS zefcGufwvHk;tjynfhyg?
“cifAsm;udk xk=u xdk;=uwJhtxJ u|efawmfrygwmawmh cifAsm;odygw,faemf? vlqdkwmuawmh
trsKd;rsKd;ayghAsm? wcsKd@us xkrSESufrS tajz&r,fvdk@,lqwm &SdrSmaygh? u|efawmfuawmh tJ'Dvdk vlrsdK;
r[kwfbl;?”
avoHu ajz;ajz;av;jzpfovdk vlyHkuvJ cyfEGJ@EGJ@? +yD;awmh pD;u&ufudk zGmvdkuf&if; ðyH;awmifae
vduk af o;w,f? u|eaf wmfu iwfiwfe@J &xm;wJah q;vdyu f zkd mG &if; ol@rsuEf mS udk jyef=unfrh wd ,f? pdwx f J
rSmawmh “owdxm;aemf owdxm; ” vdk@ udk,fhudk,fudk,f owdjyefuyfxm;&w,f?
“u|eaf wmfw@kd bufuawmh tpd;k &udq k ef@usiv f y_ &f mS ;wJh v_y&f mS ;r_awG ay:vmwm[m tE &W m,f
&SdwJh rD;awGcsnf;yJvdk@ ,lqygw,f? vHkðcHa&;eJ@ r+i‡drf;owfEdkif&if tukefavmifukefEdkifw,f/ vHkðcHa&;eJ@
wnf+idraf t;csr;f a&;udk ysujf ym;apEdik w f ,fv@kd jrifw,f? 'gayr,fh rD;udk b,fv+kd i‡rd ;f owf=urvJqw kd m
usawmh wa,mufeJ@wa,muf tjrifwl=urSmr[kwfbl;? wcsKd@u a&aEG;yGufyGufqleJ@ avmif;cscsif
w,f/ a&ylyel @J yufcscsiw f ,f? wu,fu rD;ud+k i‡rd ;f owfwt hJ cgrmS a&ylyel @J avmif;avmif;/ a&at;at;eJ@
avmif;avmif; rD;+idrf;oGm;zdk@u t"duyg? u|efawmfu a&at;orm;yg” wJh?
oluðyH;+yD; ol@pum;pudk vufpowfvdkufw,f? 'DwcgðyH;vdkufrdoluawmh u|efawmfyg? rsufESm
ay:rSmr[kwfbJ pdwfxJuae ðyH;vdkufrdwmyg?
“vGefcJhwJh (7)ESpfavmufuwnf;u aZmfOD;qkdwJhaumifudk tpte&cJhygw,f? 'gayr,fh emr,f
trsK;d rsK;d eJ@ 'Daumifukd zrf;qD;&rdcjhJ cif;r&Sbd ;l ? tJ'aD wmh oluvJ wpwptaumif}uD;vmw,f? [dw k ek ;f
uzrf;&cJ&h if ol[m axmifav;ig;ESpt f vGeq f ;kH ayg?h tckawmh wu|e;f avmufe@J &ifqikd &f r,f? cifAsm;vJ
tJ'v D akd ygAh sm? aZmfO;D a=umifh cifAsm;ay:vmw,f? cifAsm;vdv k al wG trsm;}uD;ay:vmw,f? tzrf;cH=u&/
axmifus=u&r,f? tckvrkd ay:vmbJ ESpaf wG=umvmvd@k 'DxuftaumifawGy}kd uD;vmcJ&h if tckvykd 'k rf
5§navmufr[kwfawmhbJ tenf;qHk; 0rf;wl;wl;0rf;(122§1)awG jzpfukefEdkifw,f? tJ'Dawmh 'D
avmufe@J &yfomG ;&wmudk wzufuaeoabmxm;wwf&if/ oHa0*,lwwf&if b,fo@l tay:rS trke;f
ryGm;awmhbl;ayghAsm? t±_H;xJutjrwfvdk@oabmxm;EdkifvmwmayghAsm? tJ'DvdkyJ oabmxm;=unfh
vdkufygAsm”
u|eaf wmfxyf+yD;ðyH;vdu k rf jd yefw,f? &ifxrJ mS ygy?J tazmfc&H wm/ axmifusc&H rSmudak wmif =uHzef+yD;
aus;Zl;wif&OD;r,ft h ayguyf gy/J bmyJajymajym “ u|eaf wmfu a&at;orm;yg ” qdw k hJ ol@u=kd unf&h if;
u|efawmfðyH;vdkufrdw,f?
ppfa=uma&;utxGuf a&at;orm;qDutjyef/ wdu k cf ef;xJta&muf tJ'n D u u|eaf wmf uAsm
wyk'&f ygw,f? “wckaomqdik ;f 0dik ;f ”vd@k acgi;f pOfwyf+yD; pdwx f rJ mS yJ pyfxm;rdcwhJ uhJ Asmyg? uAsm&JŒtp
rSm ywf=urf;wdu k o
f /H ywf±u dk o
f /H Ade;f armif;oHawG pnfpnfnaH tmif azmfusL;ygw,f? +yD;awmh avajy
xdk;oH/ c|wfeif;oHawGeJ@ {nfhcHajzazsmf=uwmawGudkvJ jyqdkygw,f? uAsm&JŒtqHk;owfrSmawmhæ
avajyxdk;xdk;/ ywfrdk;&Gm&Gm
uAsmvGwfvGwf/ c|wfoHeif;eif;
0if;wifhxGef; 79
&Sif;vif;vSpGm/ od&rSmu
&ifxJaocsm/ pGJ&rSmu
0dkif;awmfom[m wckxJ?
Zmwfwdkuf=uawmh wpkxJ?
wD;wJv h ufvJ 'DvufyJ æ vd@k jzpfygw,f? bmyJjzpfjzpf a&at;orm; avajyorm;udk u|eaf wmf
aus;Zl;wifvkdufygw,f? Ò
0if;wifhxGef;
80 0if;wifhxGef;
0if;wifhxGef; 81
t±l;wdu
k f
0if;wifhxGef;
1?
“'Daumift±l;/ t±l;wdkufydk@ æ ydwfvdkuf”
'kwd,axmifydkif}uD;bdk=unf&JŒrsufESmu wif;rmcufxefvSovdk avoHuvJ rmausm&ifhaxmf
aew,f?
'DEw_ rf ed @f o&H ŒJ atmufrmS usaemf 'Dt±l;wdu k x
f aJ &mufvm&w,f? vG,v f , G u
f u l l at;at;aq;
aq;a&mufvm&wmawmhr[kwf?
ajcusif;cwfxm;jcif;cHae&wJh usaemfhudk *wfpwmydkrsufESmaygufeJ@ axmif=uyfoef;axG;qdkwJh
taumifu ac:vmw,f? ol@aemufrSmu 0g'gaygufpwa,muf?
om,m0wDaxmif axmifaq;±Hkt0ifayguf0a&mufawmh axmif=uyfoef;axG;u“a[haumif
cg;u ajcusif;óud;ðzwfvdkuf”vdk@ cyfwif;wif;ajymw,f?
ajcusi;f eJ@wqufwnf; oHa'guEf pS af csmif;ay:u uGi;f ESpu f iG ;f =um; vufjzpfºuGyºf uGytf w
d óf ud;av;
v#Kcd snx f m;+yD; cg;ay:ywf csnaf ESmifxm;&wJóh ud;pudk ðzwfcsvu kd af wmh ajcusi;f axmufEpS af csmif;tyg
vufudkif oHuGif;ESpfuGif;[m usaemfhajctpHka&SŒ ajrjyifay: usoGm;w,f? ajcaxmufrSmcwfxm;wJh
ajcusi;f uGi;f uawmh cwfxm;qJtwdik ;f ayg?h usaemfrh suv f ;kH tpHu k ywfywfvnfukd a0h=unfv h u kd af wmh
0ufbw k =f uufbw k v f yk x
f m;&m axmifwu kd t
f ay:xyfwckqu D ae usaemfb h 0wl&aJ bmfawGjzpfwhJ udpk EH k
wdk@ xGef;0if;/ atmifrif;wdk@u vSrf;=unfhaew,f? pdwfraumif;pGmeJ@ vSrf;=unfhae=uyHk&w,f?
“a[haumif xdkif”vdk@ oef;axG;uajymw,f? usaemfxdkifay;vdkufw,f?
“'Duae æ [dk t±l;wdkufqDtxd zm;ckef ckef0if”oef;axG;u *wfpwmydk rsufESmxm;tjynfheJ@
quftrdef@ay;w,f?
usaemfu qHk;jzwfcsufwckudk cs+yD;yg+yD?
“r0ifEdkifbl;”
“bmuG ratvdk;”
“r0ifEdkifbl;/ zm;ckef b,fawmhrSrckefbl;”
“r0iftHk;uGm r0iftHk;uGm”qdkwJh toHeJ@twl ausmay: abmvHk;uefovdk aqmifhuefvdkufwJh
oef;axG;&JŒppfzdeyftpHk[m b,fjyefnmjyef tqufrjywfa&mufvmygw,f?
usaemfch E<mud, k [f m ajray:vdrahf eygw,f? ajcaxmufu ajcusi;f tpHek @J ajcusi;f qdik &f m 'Gg'&mawG
&JŒtoH[mvnf; wAHk;AHk;toHawG=um; wc|rfc|rf wc|ifc|ifjrnf+yD; 'vdrfhacgufauG;ygvmygw,f?
82 0if;wifhxGef;
t±l;wdkuf
usaemfu tm;,l+yD;vJae&muae rwfwyf&yfzdk@ óud;pm;=unhfygw,f/
ajcusif;'&GwfwdkufeJ@ usaemfhcE<mudk,ftESH@tay: oef;axG;&JŒ vufoD;a&m ajcaxmufyg xdk;oH
uefoH vufprG ;f jyoHawG tqufrjywfusa&mufvm+yD; vJvu kd òf ydvu kd f a&SŒa&mufvu kd jf zpfaeygw,f?
“rif;u bmaumifrdk@vJuG/ EdkifiHawmftvHudk tav;rðyEdkifbl; ajymtHk;uGm ajytHk;” “tvHudk
tav;rðycsifwJh ratvdk;/ rðytHk;uGm rðytHk;” qJoH qdkoH tòid;w}uD; ajymqdkoHawGeJ@twl zdeyfeJ@
aqmifu h efoH vufo;D eJ@ypfx;kd oH wAH;k AH;k wcGycf yG f wc|rcf |rt f oHawG[m ywf0ef;usit f ES@H qlnH pifxu G f
aeygw,f/
usaemfhwudk,fvHk;[mvJ oHkav;csufavmufom pl;pl;eifheifh jyif;jyif;xefxef cHpm;vdkuf&+yD;
xlylxHkusifoGm;&if; emrSef;rodEdkifawmhavmufa&mif a&maxG;oGm;&&if; 'vdrfhacgufauG; jzpfae&yg
awmhw,f?
“a[haumif oef;axG; bmjzpfwmvJ” toHwoH=um;vdu k &f +yD; “'Dratvd;k u tvHtav;rðy
Edkifvdk@ t±l;wdkufydwfzdk@ axmifydkif}uD;u trdef@ay;vdkufwmvmydk@wm OD;wifatmif”qdkwJh oef;axG;&JŒ
toHxGufvmwmudkyg vJae&mu =um;vdkuf&ygw,f?
“at;at;æ ighay; ighay; igqufudkifvdkufr,f”qdkwJh axmif=uyfudkwifatmif Adkufyl}uD;toHeJ@
twl “at;Asm usaemfu taqmifjyefajy;&tHk;rSm cifAsm;bJ qufudkifvdkufawmh” qdkwJh oef;axG;&JŒ
toHuv kd J quf=um;&w,f? oef;axG; cyfou G of uG jf yefxu G o f mG ;csed rf mS axmif=uyfAu kd yf l udwk ifatmif
}uD;u “x x/ xEdkifao;&JŒvm;” qdk+yD; usaemfhudk vJae&muae qGJxlw,f?
Adkufyludkwifatmif}uD;qdkwmuvJ om,m0wDaxmifrSm vufoHajymifwJhae&mrSm emrnf}uD;?
tuf(z)tmpD w±kwEf pS af ,mufukd eHusK;d atmif±u kd cf zhJ ;l +yD;/ wa,mufq&kd if ol±u kd cf zhJ ;l wJh '%f&m'%f
csufeJ@yJ aooGm;cJh&zl;owJh? tJ'Dvdk vl?
usaemfw@kd ukd om,m0wDaxmifajymif;yd@k awmh usaemfw@kd ukd xm;r,fw h u kd w
f ef;udk óudjyifxm;cJ+h yD;/
tJ'D wdkufwef;wGJudk wm0efcHudkifzdk@ udkwifatmif}uD;udk txl;a&G;cs,fxm;&if; usaemfwdk@eJ@ yxrqHk;
zl;pmqHkcJh&ol? tom;urJrJ/ vlu *ifwdkwkd awmifhawmifh/ txl;ay:vGifaewmu ol@&JŒtdk;p&nf;vdk
Adkufylyl}uD;eJ@ vlrdkufrsufESmayguf? 'gayr,fh bmvdk@&,frajymwwf/ oludkifwJhwdkufcef;wGJrSm oleJ@
usaemfw@kd av;ig;vavmuf twlqckH óhJ uHc&hJ ayr,fh usaemfw@kd e@J jy\emwcgrS rñuHczhJ ;l bl;? ±du k w
f EhJ u
S f
wJhae&mrSm emrnfqdk;eJ@ausmfapmwmawmh udkwifatmif}uD;[m eHygwfwpf?
usaemfu 'Dwcgawmh udkwifatmif}uD;&JŒvufpGrf;jyoHudk udk,fwdkifudk,fusñuH&awmhr,f/ udkif;
æ b,fvdkrsm;vufpGrf;jyudkifwG,fjyvdkufavrvJ/ óudufovdkomxkayawmhqdkwJh rsufESmrsdK;eJ@ ol@
rsufESmudk vSrf;=unfhvdkufw,f?
“vm æ vm/ [dak &SŒu wdu k cf ef;qD; cyfouG of u G 0f ifvu kd ”f vd@k av;oHcyfw;kd wd;k eJ@ajym&if; usaemfh
udk vufzsm;eJ@awmifrwdk@bJ t0ifcdkif;w,f? ±dk;±dk;yJ t0ifcdkif;w,f?
wdu k cf ef;xJ usaemf0if&+yD; wdu k cf ef;aomhuykd w d af e&if;u “rif;ætawmfru kd w f ahJ umifumG / igvJ$
,lvu kd v f @kd ayg/h Ed@k r[kwf rif;'dxufc&H Edik w f ,f/ oef;axG;u iguawmh t}uD;tus,q f ufxrk mS yJ ,H+k yD;
v$o J mG ;wmæ eJev J J yg;rSaygu
h mG / rif;[mu tawmfukd rdu k w f mud;k uG”vd@k avoHw;kd wd;k eJ@ wAspaf wmuf
awmufajymoGm;w,f?
0if;wifhxGef; 83
usaemf awmfawmfut kd =hH ooGm;rdwmawmh trSe?f rSm;wmrSew f m c%xm;/ ud, k u hf kd r±du
k rf ESucf hJ
wma=umifh aus;Zl;wifpdwf zsufceJ 0ifrdwmvJtrSef?
armarmememeJ@ zsmpkwaf y:vScJ svu kd rf &d if; 'Dwu kd xf aJ &mufvmcJ&h wJh tjzpftysuaf wG jyefpOf;pm;
rdaejyefw,f? axmif0g'gwyf=uyfoef;axG;&JŒ *wfpwmydrk suEf mS / axmifred ;f a*s;±H;k wm0efus axmifr;ª
av;oef;vGi&f ŒJ rsurf eS w
f 0if;0if;eJ@ jyZmwfrif;om;[efrsuEf mS / 'kw, d axmifyikd }f uD; bd=k unf&ŒJ a&$uikd ;f
rsufrSef}uD;=um;u &uf&ufpufpuf emZDrsufvHk;?
+yD;awmh “'Daumif t±l;/ t±l;wdkufydk@ ydwfvdkuf ” qdkwJh pl;pl;&S&StoH?
tr_u EdkifiHawmftvHudk tav;rðyr_?
trSefuawmh rqvtvHudk b,fwkef;urS tav;rðycJh=uwm tif;pdefaxmifrSmuwnf;u?
usaemfw@kd &aJ bmtm;vH;k rqvtvHtav;rðya&; qH;k jzwfcsucf srw S x
f m;=u+yD;om;? axmifajymif;zd@k
cGJxm;wJh tif;pdefaxmif(5)aqmiftay:xyf nrSmwkef;uvJ a&mufwJhaxmifrSm tvHtav;ðya&;
tpDtpOfrsK;d ñuHawG@&ifqikd &f &if rqvtvHut kd av;rðy=ua&;/ 'gayr,fh tm;vH;k eJ@u, kd cf sn;f teJpv k kd
jzpfae&if xD;xD;}uD;ay:vGirf aeapzd@k tjrifq h ;kH tvGeq f ;kH tjzpf trsm;enf;wl rwfwyfawmh&yfay;=uzd@k /
OD;n$wfjcif;/ tav;ðyjcif;rvkyfzdk@qdk+yD; qHk;jzwfxm;cJh=uygw,f?
om,m0wDaxmifa&mufa&mufcsif; oD;oef@wdkufcef;xJxnfhxm;jcif;cHvdkuf=u&awmh tvH
jy\emu &ifqdkifp&mtjzpfay:rvm?
wdkufxJ tm;&atmifxm;+yD;wJhaemuf taqmifawGqDcGJydk@vdkufwJhtcg wa,mufwaqmif
wcef;pDjzpfoGm;=uygw,f? ntdyfaqmifwuf&wJhtcg udk,fhtcef;udk,fus&mrSm ae=u&ygw,f?
om,m0wDaxmifrmS reuftyd af qmifziG chf sed f tvHwiftav;ðy tpDtpOf&ydS gw,f? tvHtav;
ðycsed rf mS tusO;f om;tm;vH;k ud, k &f &dS mtcef;xJuae rwfwyf&yfae=u&ygw,f? tav;ðyqdw k hJ toH
ay:vm&if wòyid f euf tav;ðy=u&ygw,f? tJ'v D kd tcsed w f ikd ;f usaemfu tcef;xJ&v dS tl yk }f u;D aemufrmS
oGm;&yfaewwf+yD; b,fawmhrS tav;rðyOD;rn$wf?
usaemfae&&mtaqmif&ŒJ taqmifr;ª wm0efusaewJo h ef;axG;u usaemfu h kd tpDtpOf&&dS dS oD;oef@
vduk af csmif;aeovm;/ b,fa=umifv h aJ wmh rajymwwf? usaemf tvHut kd av;rðywm odomG ;w,f?
usaemfhudkac:awG@+yD; bmvdk@tvHudktav;rðyovJqdkwmar;w,f? usaemfuvJ rðyEdkifa=umif;
ajzvdu k wf ,f? oef;axG;u pm;rwwf 0g;rwwfrsuEf mS xm;eJ@ “at;æ axmifr;ª ±H;k wifr,f”vd@k ajym+yD;
a'geJ@armeJ@ xGufoGm;w,f?
jy\emawmhp+yDqdkwm usaemfodvdkufygw,f? 'g[m &yfwnfcsufudpP? b,fvdkjzpfjzpf &ifqdkif
&awmhr,fqdkwm qHk;jzwfcsufcsvdkuf+yD;/ tcef;rwlayr,fh waqmifwnf;wGif;&Sd usaemfhvdk 5§n
&JabmfESpfOD;udk today;ajymjyvdkufygw,f? 5§n &Jabmf(7)OD;&Sd&mrSm usaemftygt0if(3)OD;u 'D
taqmifrSm? usef(4)OD;jzpfwJh OD;azwif/ udkpHEk/ xGef;0if;/ atmifrif;wdk@u uyf&ufom; 0ef;us,f}uD;
twGif;u wjcm;taqmifrSm?
xrif;pm;+yD;ptcsdefrSm usaemfhudk wef;pD;wa,mufu vmac:ygw,f? rdef;a*s;±Hk;cef;qDoGm;&yg
w,f? rdef;a*s;±Hk;cef;pm;yGJrSm wm0efusaxmifrª;av;oef;vGif[m rsufrSefav;w0if;0if;eJ@ xdkif
aeygw,f? vlykH uEkEek @J jyZmwfrif;om;[efayguaf eygw,f? tusO;f om;eJ@ axmif0efxrf; b,fawmhrS
84 0if;wifhxGef;
t±l;wdkuf
wwef;wnf;xm; rqufqH&qdkwJhrl/ csrSwfyHkpHoGif;ay;xm;jcif;a=umifhvm;rajymwwf/ ol@a&SŒrSm
ukvm;xdkiftvGwf&Sdayr,fh usaemfhudk xdkifvdk@rajymyg? 'gayr,fh ol@rsufESmay:rSm &uf&ufpufpuf
ESdyfuGyfjyvdkufr,fa[hqdkwJh or±dk;usaxmifrª;wa,muf&JŒt&dyfta&mifazmfjyr_rsKd; rawG@&yg?
tem;u wef;pD;udk vufumtjyif xGucf ikd ;f vdu k +f yD;wJah emuf ole@J usaemf ESpaf ,mufwnf;tae
txm;rSm olu æ
“cifAsm;u tvHtav;rðyEdkifbl;vdk@ ajymw,fqdk/ wm0efus taqmifrª;u vmwdkifoGm;w,f”
usaemfhudk ‘cifAsm;’qdkwJhemrfpm;oHk;+yD; ,Of,Ofaus;aus;ar;vmw,f?
“usaemfu pajymwmawmhr[kwzf ;l ? olu bmvd@k tav;rðywmvJar;vd@k usaemfu ajym&wm”
olu pdwfraumif;[ef wcsuf=unfh+yD;/
“cifAsm;uvJAsmæ 'g}uD;us,fwJhjy\emrS r[kwfbJ/ tav;ðyvdkufaygh? acgif;ndwfvdkuf
+yD;oGm;wmyJ/ ðyvdkufygAsm”
usaemfu acgif;&rf;vdkufw,f?
“usaemf rðyEdkifbl;”
“Asm æ bmvdk@wkef;”olu em;rvnfovdk wtHhw=o=unfh+yD;ar;vmw,f?
“usaemf æ tck axmifusvmwm Edik if aH &;r_yg? tpd;k &udq k ef@usiw f hJ r,H=k unfwjhJ ypfry_ g? wjcm;
bmjypfrr_ S r&Sb d ;l ? tJ't
D wGuf tpd;k &u usaemfu h akd xmifcsxm;wm tck(3)ESp&f ydS g+yD? usaemf 'Dtpd;k &udk
t,Hkt=unfr&Sdygbl;/ 'Dtpdk;&&JŒtvHqdkwmudkvJ tav;rðyEdkifygbl;”
usaemfu óudwifpOf;pm;xm;+yD;om; pum;vHk;awGtwdkif; wvHk;csif;ajzvdkufygw,f?
“tpd;k &udk ,Hyk g r,Hyk gqwkd m usaemf bmrSrajymcsiyf gb;l ? usaemf ajymvd@k v&J r,fu h pd rP [kwyf gb;l ?
'gayr,fh EdkifiHawmftvHudktav;ðywmeJ@ tpdk;&udk ,Hkwmr,Hkwm bmrSrqdkifygbl;? cifAsm;vJ ynm
wwfwa,mufy/J pOf;pm;=unfyh g? w±kww f @kd ±k&mS ;wd@k vkd uGejf rLepfEikd if u
H acgi;f aqmif}uD;awG vm=uwJh
tcg olwdk@vJ EdkifiHawmftvHudk tjyeftvSef tav;ðy=uwmyJav? 'gæ ,Hkvdk@vdk@ajymrvm;? r,Hk
,Hk,Hk xHk;wrf;pOfvmt& ESpfEdkifiHtvHudk tav;ðy&wmyJ? tJ'Dvdk oabmxm;vdkufayghAsm”
olu ajz;av;pGmajym&if;“uJæ b,fhES,fvJ”qdkwJh t=unfheJ@=unfhvmw,f?
usaemf&ŒJ vGrJ mS ;aewJt h jrift,ltqawGuakd cszsu+f yD; oabmxm;rSerf eS u f efuef xm;wwf=unfh
wwfatmif tydkifoGefoifvrf;jyay;vdkufEdkif+yDqdkwJht=unfhrsKd;eJ@usaemfhrsufESmudk ðyH;=unfhaew,f?
wu,fu h jkd yZmwf rif;om;wa,muft=unfrh sK;d ? vufcsmt±du k af umif;wJh ygarmuQ}uD;wa,muf&ŒJ
t=unfhrsKd;?
“tJ'gu oHwrefudpPyJ/ tjyeftvSef tav;ðy=uwmyJ/ ck[mu tJ'geJ@ rwlbl;av”
usaemfu apm'uwufvdkufawmh oluacgif;udk jyZmwfrif;om;wa,mufvdk [efygyg&rf;&if;
usaemfhrsufESmudk ai;=unfhjyefw,f?
“cifAsm; pOf;pm;=unfh/ cifAsm;vJ &efukefrSm ±kyf&Sif±HkawGoGm;+yD; ±kyf&SifawGbmawG=unfhzl;rSmbJ?
udk,fh[mudk,f ydkufqHay;+yD;oGm;=unfh&wJh ±kyf&Sif±HkawGxJ ±kyf&SifoGm;=unfhwmawmif ±kyf&SifvmcgeD;
EdkifiHawmftvHpjy&if tav;ðy=u&w,f? tav;rðy&if zrf;+yD;'%f±dkufEdkifw,f? w&m;pGJ+yD; ta&;,l
Edik w
f ,f? 'g[m Edik if aH wmf Oya'yJ? tck[mu 'Dae&m[m ±ky&f iS ±f akH wmifr[kwb f ;l ? axmifæ axmif?
0if;wifhxGef; 85
axmifxJrSmvJ EdkifiHawmftvHudk tav;rðywm[m ta&;,lEdkifwJh jypfr_yJ? tJ'ga=umifhæ”
olu pum;pjzwf&if; usaemfhrsufESmqDxyft=unfhrSmæ
“tJ'gu udk,fu ol@±kyf&Sif±HkxJoGm;=unfhwmav? udk,fu ol@pnf;rsOf;udkrvdkufemcsif&if oGm;
r=unfhbJ aevdkuf±HkyJ/ udk,fu ol@*GifxJoGm;wmudk;/ rvdkufemwmrdawmh cHvdkuf&wm awmfao;wm
ayg?h tck[mu 'DaxmifxJ usaemfua&mufcsiv f @kd a&mufvmcJ&h wmr[kwb f ;l ? olw@kd zrf;ac:+yD; rw&m;
xnfv h ukd v
f @kd a&mufvmcJ&h wm? tJ'o D wl @kd tay: r,H=k unfwq hJ ef@usiwf jhJ ypfrq _ wkd meJ@vJ axmifx0J if
ae&wm(3)ESp&f +dS yD/ aemufxyfvJ ESpaf wGuseaf o;w,f? tJ'gbmjzpfv@kd usaemfu olw@kd rqvtvHukd
tav;ðy&rSmvJ/ usaemfrðywm usaemfw&m;w,f”
usaemfuvJ usaemfhoabmxm;udk azmfxkwf&if; ol@&JŒ&Sif;jycsufudk jyefvnfacsyvdkufw,f?
olu [l;ceJoufjyif;wcsurf w _ x f w k &f if; “'g[m Edik if aH wmftvHygAsm/ Edik if aH wmfukd ud, k pf m;ðyxm;wJh
tvHyg/ bmtvHnmtvHqdk+yD;r=unfhygeJ@/ udk,fhEdkifiHudk udk,fav;pm;w,fqdkwJh oabm=unfhprf;
ygAsm”vdk@ quf+yD; &Sif;vif;w,f?
“tJvdkqdk&ifæ [dkwkef;u tvHa[mif;udk xm;ygvm;/ bmvdk@tvHajymif;wmvJ/ 'DtvH[m
rqvuvkyfxm;wJh rqvtvHyJ/ usaemf tav;rðyEdkifbl;”
usaemfuvJ ol@&Sif;vif;csufudk wcsufrusefqufacsyw,f? olu t=uHttdkufoGm;[efeJ@
tjyifbuf qDai;=unfhw,f? +yD;awmhæ
“usaemfu cifAsm;twGufajymjywmyg? usaemfvJ rwwfEdkifawmhbl;? ck[mu wdkifxm;wmqdk
awmh cifAsm;uvJ tav;rðyEdik b f ;l qdak wmh axmifyikd }f uD;qD owif;yd@k &rSm? tckaxmifyikd }f uD;u &efuek f
tpnf;ta0 oGm;aew,f? 'k - axmifyikd }f uD;qD owif;yd@k &vdrrhf ,f? axmifyikd }f uD;u olu pma&;q&m/
cifAsm;u i,fuwnf;u pma&;wJholqdk+yD; oHa,mZOf&Sdw,f? usaemfu cifAsm;udk jy\emray:ap
csifbl;? cifAsm;pOf;pm;ygtHk;”
olu usaemfhudk azsmifhzsygao;w,f?
usaemfu usaemfhydkif;jzwfxm;csuft& acgif;&rf;jyvdkufygw,f? “uJ - oGm;Edkif+yD”vdk@ olu
ajymawmh usaemftaqmifudk jyefvmcJhygw,f?
tck 'DaxmifrmS axmifyikd }f uD;r&Sb d ;l ? tpnf;ta0;oGm;wufaew,fqakd wmh usaemf 0rf;omovdk
vdkjzpfrdygw,f? bmvdk@vJqdkawmh axmifydkif}uD; q&m&efatmifarmifarmif[m usaemfeJ@&if;ESD;cJhol?
usaemftxufwef;ausmif;om;b0 i,fi,fwkef;u ol@tdrfrSm xrif;eyfaygif;rsm;pGm pm;cJhzl;w,f?
tJ'Dwkef;u olu uomaxmifrSm axmifydkif? usaemfu OD;av;uausmif;xm;ay;vdk@ OD;av;&SdwJh
tif;awmfrmS ? uomc±dik pf mayv_y&f mS ;r_awGxJ tif;awmfa&muf usaemf[m i,fi,f&, G &f ,
G ef @J yg0ifae
cJhzl;w,f? tJ'D pmayeJ@ywfouf+yD; q&m&efatmifarmifarmifeJ@ odu|rf;cJh&zl;+yD;/ usaemfq,fwef;ajz
awmh ol@tdrfrSmwnf;cdkif;+yD; ajzcJh&w,f? tJ'Dwkef;u tif;awmfrSm pmppfXmer&Sdao;vdk@ uomoGm;
ajz&r,fqakd wmh q&m&efatmifarmifarmifu usaemft h ay: vdv k v
kd m;vm;eJ@ pmaypdwef @J vufccH w hJ m?
txufwef;ausmif;om;b0uwnf;u uAsmeJ@0wˆKwdkav;awGa&;aewJh usaemhfudk uavmiform;
av;wa,muftjzpf q&m&efatmifarmifarmifu odxm;cJhwm? usaemfq,fwef;atmifcJhwm
ol@trd rf mS wnf;cdak exdik af jzqd&k if;u atmifcw hJ m? usaemf&h ŒJ vufoif0wˆKwdak v;aygi;f ajrmufjrm;pGmudk
86 0if;wifhxGef;
t±l;wdkuf
q&m&efatmifarmifarmif zwf±c_ zhJ ;l ygw,f? uH=urRm&JŒ tvSnt hf ajymif;awGatmufrmS q,fah v;ig;ESpf
t=umrSm usaemfeJ@q&m&efatmifarmifarmif jyefvnfawG@qHk&awmh olu emrnfausmfom,m0wD
axmif}uD;&JŒaxmifydkif}uD;? usaemfu tif;pdefaxmif}uD;uae axmifajymif;ydk@jcif;cH&wJh EdkifiHa&;
tusOf;om;? wu,fhudk 0wˆKwyk'fvdk 0wˆKqefaecJhygw,f?
tvHtav;rðyr_qdkwJhjy\emtwGuf aemufqHk;xdyfwdkufñuHawG@&rSmu oleJ@usaemfyg? olu
axmiftm%mydik /f usaemfu Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;? usaemfu usaemfEh ikd if aH &;&yfwnfcsut f & jywfjywf
om;om;&yfwnfzdk@ qHk;jzwf+yD;om;? 'DvdktajctaerSm olr&Sdbl;qdkawmh oleJ@ awhvGJvGJoGm;&wmqdk
awmh usaemfhpdwfxJ 0rf;omovdkvdkjzpfrdwmawmhtrSef?
wem&Davmuft=umrSm ‘tav;ðy’qdw k hJ toHawGe@J twl axmifred ;f a*s;±H;k zufqD 'kw, d axmif
ydkif}uD;bdk=unf 0ifvmwm&dyfceJ vSrf;jrifvdkuf&ygw,f?
ig;rdepfavmuft=umrSm wzuftaqmifu usaemfb h 0wl&aJ bmfawGjzpfwhJ OD;azwif/ udpk EH /k xGe;f
0if;wdk@wawG wa,muf+yD;wa,muf ac:xkwfjcif;cHae&wm usaemfhtaqmiftay:uae vSrf;jrif
ae&ygw,f? bdk=unfu wa,mufcsif; ac:ar;aewmyg? wa,muf+yD;wa,muf udk,fhtaqmifudk,f
jyefoGm;=uwmudkvJ usaemfjrifvdkuf&ygw,f? olwdk@b,fvdkajzqdk=uovJqdkwm usaemfrodyg?
aemufqHk; usaemhftvSnfhqD qdkufa&mufvmygw,f? usaemfhudk taqmifrª; oef;axG;udk,fwdkif
vmac:ygw,f?
'kw, d axmifyikd }f uD;bd=k unf b,fah vmuf yg;uGuo f m;yDoovJqw kd m tif;pdeaf xmifrmS uwnf;
u wpGef;wp =um;odzl;+yD;jzpfygw,f? axmifrª;av;b0uwnf;u tusOf;om;awGtay: b,fh
avmuf&uf&ufpuf pufvkyfwwfwm/ txl;ojzifh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGtay: =urf;=urf;&rf;&rf;
udkifwG,fESdyfuGyfwwfwm =um;od&zl;+yD;om;jzpfygw,f? axmif;rª;b0u EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGudk
udk,fwdkifvufoHajymifajymif0if&dkufcGJjycJh wm/ axmifwGif;a&muf ausmif;om;&Jabmfav;awGudk
yufyufpufpuf ±dkufESufaqmfyavmfwD;jycJhwmawG usaemfaumif;aumif;=um;odcJhzl;+yD;jzpfygw,f?
bd=k unf[m axmifr;ª av;b0uwnf;u emrnfq;kd eJ@ausmaf pmcJo h yl g? (rSwcf su?f ? e0w vufxuf
rSm &Jausmfolvm; &JAvvm;/ bGJ@awmif&cJhwJhol)
usaemf0ifvmwmudk 'kaxmifyikd }f uD;bd=k unf[ h m a&$uikd ;f rsurf eS =f um;uae cyfxefxef vSr;f =unfh
aeygw,f? ol@ab;rSm axmifrª;}uD;/ rdef;a*s;vf axmifrª;av;oef;vGifeJ@ axmif0g'gESpfa,mufwdk@u
Asm'dwfcHtaetxm;eJ@ ywf0dkif;0ef;&H&yfae=uygw,f? olu ppcsif; æ
“rif;u EdkifiHawmftvHudk tav;rðybl;qdkuG”
“[kwfw,f”
“bmvdk@tav;rðyovJ”
tHudkwcsufwif;vdkuf+yD; olu qufar;w,f?
“usaemf EdkifiHa&;r_eJ@usvmwm”
usaemfu wdkwdkwkwfwkwfyJ tajzay;vdkufygw,f?
“'Dr,f/ a*s;rJeEf &l ,f (Jail Manual) rSm axmifvufpJG Oya'rSm tusO;f om;wdik ;f Edik if aH wmftvHukd
tav;ðy&r,f/ tav;rðyvd@k r&bl;uG/ tav;rðywm[m axmifpnf;urf; axmifOya'udk csK;d azmuf
0if;wifhxGef; 87
wmjzpfw,f”
ol@toHu ol@rsufESmeJ@vdkufzufvSpGm xefjyif;wif;rmaew,f? ol@rsufaphtpHkuvJ emZD
[pfwvm&JŒrsufaphtpHkvdkvdk/ tdkufcref;&JŒrsufaphtpHkvdkvdk pl;vufaew,f?
“axmifyikd }f uD;uvJ rif;udo k w d ,fqv kd @kd / igw@kd u ri;faumif;aumif;rGerf eG af ew,fq&kd if oufom
tqifajyr,fhae&mawmif csxm;ay;rvdk@? ckawmh rif;u p+yD;jy\emazmfwmayghuGm/ 'gæ axmif
jy\emay:atmif azmfwmuG” a'geJ@armeJ@ajym&if; ol@&JŒao;i,f&ufpufwJh rsufaphtpHkeJ@ usaemfh
rsufESmudk pdkuf=unfhw,f?
“axmifOya'udk b,fawmhrS tcsKd;azmuf rcHEdkifbl;uG/ rif; EdkifiHawmftvHudk tav;ðy&r,f”
'g igth rde@f / armifrif;emcHap/ emudk emcH&r,fqw kd hJ wcsuv f w
$ tf rde@f ay;oHrsK;d eJ@ cyfwif;wif;ajym
vmw,f?
“usaemf tav;rðyEdkifbl;/ b,fawmhrS tav;rðybl;”
usaemfu wvHk;csif; at;at;aq;aq; tajzay;vdkufw,f?
bdk=unfrsufESmwckvHk; &Joxuf &Jvmw,f? qDOD;axmywfawGcsnf; pm;aomufrsKdqdk@vmcJhwJh
rsufESmtpftpf tqDysHysHrsufESm}uD;[m rmefzDaewJh AD,uferf0ufjzLodk;}uD;waumif&JŒ rsufESmrsKd;
jzpfvmw,f?
“rif;u b,fvdkaumifvJuG? igæ EdkifiHa&;orm;rsKd;pHkeJ@ñuHzl;w,f? [dk;wkef;u OD;ausmf+idrf;wdk@
OD;baqGwdk@vdk yk*~dKvf}uD;awGeJ@vJ axmifxJrSm ñuHzl;w,f? olwdk@u odyfeyfw,f? odyfyg;w,f? odyf
pnf;±H;k wwfw,f? axmifxrJ mS b,fvykd *k Kd~ vfukd b,fvq kd ufq&H r,fqw kd m odyef m;vnfw,f? tae
acsmifatmifaewwfw,f?”
[kwfovm; r[kwfovm;qdkwmawmh usaemfrod?
'kw, d axmifyikd }f uD; bd=k unf[m usaemfrh suEf mS udk pdu k =f unf&h if; tm%mydik w f a,muf&ŒJ avoH
[efyeftjynfheJ@ quf&$D;aew,f?
“EdkifiHa&;orm;qdkwm tJ'Dvdk nuf&w,f? rif;u bmEdkifiHa&;orm;vJuG/ udk,hfudk,fudk,f
taeacsmif atmifraewwfb;l ? ud, k t fh cGit hf a&; ud, k yf wd wf ahJ umif/ aomuf±;l yJ? 'g æ t}uD;rm;qH;k
axmifpnf;urf;csKd;azmufr_yJ/ EdkifiHawmfudkyg apmfum;r_yJ”
bdk=unfu usaemfhtay: t}uD;tus,fqHk;pGJcsuf}uD;awGygwif&if; tay:pD;uae armufarmuf
rmrm apmfum;jyaew,f?
“a[haumifæ rif;udk ig aemufqHk;ar;r,f/ EdkifiHawmftvHudk tav;ðyrvm;/ rðybl;vm;”
olu tHukd wcsu}f udwv f ukd +f yD; aemufq;kH &mZoHukd wif;wif;rmrmay;vmw,f? axmifr;ª av;
oef;vGiftyg tem;&Sdvltm;vHk;u usaemfhrsufESmqD vSrf;=unfhw,f?
“rqvtvHudk usaemf tav;rðyEdkifbl;”
usaemfhajzoHtqHk;rSm 'k axmifydkif}uD;bdk=unf[m wl;wl;cg;cg; rkef;rkef;wD;wD;t=unfheJ@
quf=unfh+yD;æ
“'Daumif t±l;/ t±l;wdkufydk@ ydwfvdkuf”
aemufqHk; pD&ifcsufudk csrSwfay;vdkufygw,f?
88 0if;wifhxGef;
t±l;wdkuf
aemufqHk;awmh 'Dwdkufcef;usOf;av;xJa&mufvm&ygawmhw,f?
t±l;wdkufæ wJh? bdk=unf&JŒE_wfxGufpum;t& t±l;wdkufqdkyguvm;?
tif;pdefaxmifrSmaecJhwkef;uvJ wdkufaygif;pHkrSmaecJhzl;+yD/ t±l;wdkufqdkwmawmh r=um;zl;bl;cJh?
ppfacG;wdkuf/ vufyg;wdkufwdk@awmh =um;zl;cJhw,f? 'Dom,m0wDaxmifrSmvJ wdkufxJaecJh&zl;+yD/ v,f
orm;olykef}uD; q&mpHudkxm;cJhw,fqdkwJh wdkufudkvJjrifcJhzl;+yD/ t±l;wdkufqdkwmudkawmh r=um;zl;cJh?
bd=k unftqdt k & t±l;wdu
k qf akd wmh 'Dwu kd u
f kd bmvd@k t±l;wdu
k vf @kd ac:wmygvrd ?hf pOf;pm;aewke;f &Sad o;/
“[m; [m;æ b,facG;vlxif&rSmwHk;uG/ vD;bJa[h” qdkwJhtoHeJ@twl jzef;ceJ jzef;ceJ oJr_HawG
usvmw,f/ usaemft h cef;a&SŒtxd usvmw,f? ab;b,fnm aumfyuf qkyyf ufaeyH&k w,f? usaemfh
&JŒnmbufuyf&uftcef;u usaemfh&JŒrod&ao;wJh tcef;azmf&JŒtoHeJ@ vufpGrf;jyv_yf&Sm;aer_yg
uvm;?
*wfpwmydk oef;axG;&JŒzdeyfcsuf vufo;D csuaf wGa=umifh wud, k v
f ;kH udu
k cf eJ musif atmifw
h uf
ae&mu acgi;f axmif+yD;x=unfv h u
kd af wmh usaemfth cef;0a&SŒwnfw h nfrh mS tifrwef}uD;wJh acs;wH;k }uD;?
rmawmifhrJeufaewJh acs;wHk;}uD;? av;ig;ajcmufvufravmuf&Sdrvm; rajymwwf?
em&D0ufavmuft=umrSm “[mæ 'Daumifuawmh &rf;xm;jyef+yD/ acs;awGudk yGpm=uJvdk@/
oJawGa&mtESH@yJ/ 'kuQygyJ”qdkwJh nnf;oHeJ@twl wdkufwef;pD;jzpfyHk&ol[m wHjrufpnf;wdkwacsmif;eJ@
vdkufvSJaewmjrifvdkuf&w,f?
2?
wu,fu 'Dwdkuf[m aq;±Hk0if;xJuwdkuf? 'gayr,fh aq;±Hkwdkufawmhr[kwf? 'Dwdkuf&JŒa&SŒ

cyfuyfuyfrSm wxyfwdkufao;ao;wvHk;&Sdao;w,f? tJ'DwdkufxJrSmrS aq;&Hk0if;twGif;aecGifh csay;
xm;wJh ouf}uD;&G,t f wkd csK@d aexdik af e=uwJth wGuf aq;±Hw
k u
kd vf @kd ajym&rSmyg? olw@kd uwmh eJeJ vGwf
vyfw,f?
usaemfhudkxnfh+yD;ydwfxm;wJhwdkufrSm tcef;rsm;rsm;r&Sdovdk/ wdkufydwfcHtusOf;om;vJ rsm;rsm;
&S[
d efrwlyg? usaemfah b;cef; tcef;azmfuawmh oGuo f u
G v
f nfatmif±;l ae+yDjzpfwhJ tusO;f om; t±l;
wa,mufyg?
usaemfh b,fbufcef;rSm vlr&Syd g? wcef;ausmrf mS awmh ±l;pðyaewJh vlwa,muf/ oGuo f u G v f nf
atmif ±l;aewmawmhr[kwf? wcsuf wcsufrSpdwfazmufwwfyHk&ygw,f? olu Armr[kwf/ tuf(z)
tmpD (FRC)vd@k pm&if;oGi;f xm;wJh tuf(z)tmpD w±kwpf pfppfwa,muf? Armpum;vJ odyw f wf[ef
rwlyg? axmifxJa&mufrS eJeJ yg;yg;yJ wwfxm;wJhArmpum;eJ@ usaemfhudk pum;ajymzdk@óud;pm;ygw,f?
olajymwJhpum;wdkif;udk usaemfu em;rvnf?
ol@uakd wmh ae@vnfwikd ;f wduk w f ef;pD;‘udv
k mb’u a&csK;d xkwaf y;wJt h wGuf usaemfvrS ;f jrif&yg
w,f? t&yf&Snf&Snf qHyif&Snf&Snf/ tom;ujzLjzLeJ@ vlyHkacsmav;wa,mufyg? rsufvHk;awGuawmh
yHkrSefrusvSbJ &Da0qdkif;ysaeygw,f? wef;pD;udkvmbu b,fvdka[mufa[muf Armpum;udkvJ
aumif;aumif;em;rvnf[efeJ@ olvkyfcsifovdk vkyfygw,f?
0if;wifhxGef; 89
“awmuf æ 'Dt±l;uvJ awmfawmfcufwmbJ/ awmf+yD[/ a&'gavmufcsKd;& awmf+yDaygh/ ighrSm
wjcm;vkyfp&mawG trsm;}uD;usefao;w,f/ ajymvJem;rvnfbl;? wu,fem;rvnfwmvm;/ em;
rvnfcsifa,mifaqmifwmvm;uGm/ aoomaocsifawmhwmyJ” udkvmb&JŒ nnf;oHu a&csKd;xkwf
wdkif;vdkvdk =um;aejrifae&w,f?
[kbd ufq;kH tpGe;f rSmu ESpaf ,muf? wa,mufwcef;pD? olw@kd uawmh jypf'%form;awG/ axmif
xJrSmxyf+yD; jypfr_usL;vGefvdk@ wdkufydwf'%fcwfxm;wm?
ae@vnfae@cif;awGrmS tuf(z)tmpDw±kwu f av;&JŒ w±kwo
f cD si;f atmfatmfqo kd /H oHwikd u
f kd ajceJ@
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usaemfah b;csi;f uyf tcef;azmft±l;uawmh awmfawmfukd tqJoefw,f? wcgwcgq&J if teJq;kH
em&D0uf? b,facG;rSvlrxifbl; qdkwmuawmh ol@vufoHk;pum;? &,fvdkuf&ifvJ cGufxdk;cGufvef?
usaemfhudk a&csKd;cGifhray;? *efzvm;vJcsp&mrvdk/ q,f&ufavmuf 'Dtwdkif;xm;w,f? tcef;
axmifhrSm oJyHkwyHkeJ@aygh? tif;pdefaxmif(6)wdkufrSmvJ acs;eJ@avmufeJ@aezl;awmh 'Davmufuawmh
usaemfhtzdk@ rqef;? &SdaewJhoJyHku odyfrqdk;vS? 0ifumpu ajcmufajcmufaoG@aoG@/ bmrSr&Sd? udk,fh
ypPnf;eJ@udk,f eJeJyg;yg; pdkpGwfeHapmfpðyvmcsdefavmufrSm quf&ufavmuft=umrSm wef;pD;udkvmb
vm+yD; oef@&Sif;a&;vkyfay;w,f? *efzvm;eJ@ tukefodrf;usKH;oGm;+yD;wJhaemuf oJyHkrxm;awmhbJ *ef
zvm;ay;vmawmhw,f?
axmifrª;awG 0g'gawGvpf&ifvpfovdk vmvm+yD; usaemfhqDpum;pjrnfajymavh&Sdwmuawmh
wef;pD;udkvmbtygt0if crHkq&mawmf}uD;eJ@ b}uD;uH? olwdk@u aq;±HkwdkufrSm ae&olawG?
udkvmbu t&ifu bkef;}uD;? vlowfr_eJ@usvm+yD; vl0wfvJcJh&wmvdk@qdkw,f?
crH k q &mawmf } uD ; u touf ( 70)avmuf & S d a e+yD ? ouF e f ; eJ @ r[k w f a wmh / tay: jzL
atmufjzLaxmif0wfpHkeJ@? pdwfykwD;rJrJ}uD;udk vnfyif;rSmvG,fvdk@? yGJrdef@r&bJ w&m;a[mr_wJh?
“'gavmuf±l;ae&Smwm bmvdk@ t±l;axmifrydk@ao;wmvJ/ t±l;axmifydk@oifhwmaygh”
wae@ udkvmbudk usaemfhtcef;ab;u t±l;ta=umif;pum;pyfrd&if; ar;=unfhrdw,f?
“rodygbl;Asm/ [dkwkef;uawmh taumif;wJh/ axmifxJusrS ±l;+yD; tckvdkcGJxm;wm? oufqdkif&m
pmwifxm;w,fqdkvm;yJ? tif;æ axmifxJrSm ±l;oGm;wmawmifrvG,fygbl;Asm? qufæ wdkufydwfcH
xm;&w,f”
bkef;}uD;vlxGuf udkvmbu nnf;w,f?
crkHq&mawmf}uD;uawmh usaemfhtcef;a&SŒ tcsdef=um=umvm&yf&if;æ
“ykxkZaemæ OrRwWaumæ wJh? ykxkZOfrSefor# t±l;csnf;ygbJ? olwdk@u tm%m±l;? 'gayr,fh
'Dt±l;u wrl;omaewmawmh cufom;wum&JŒ”wJh?
usaemfðyH;vdkufrdygw,f?
b}uD;uHuawmh v,form;td}k uD;? rsuaf phu araumif;&Sm? 'DxaJ &mufrS ydq k ;kd vmwmvd@k ajym
w,f? wm0efauspyg; roGif;vdk@qdk+yD; olwdk@&GmaumifpDvl}uD;u ac: }udrf;awmh pyg;rSr&Sdwm bmoGif;
&rvJvdk@ jyefajym&if; tcsif;rsm;&mu "m;eJ@ckwfcJhwJhtr_wJh? toufuvJ ajcmufq,fausmf rsufaph
uvJ raumif;awmhv@kd aq;±Hw k u
kd f xJa&mufvmwm? tvHtav;rðyr_e@J a&mufvm&wmrSe;f odaewJh
90 0if;wifhxGef;
t±l;wdkuf
b}uD;uHuæ
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±l;ukefwm? rdk;cg;a&raomufvdk@ r±l;wJhvlaumif;awGudk t±l;awGu t±l;t±l;vdk@ajymwm/ tJ'DvdkyJ
uG”wJh?
usaemfu 'Dwdkufcef;usOf;av;xJrSm qufvufwdkufydwfcHxm;&if; “'Daumif t±l;/ t±l;wdkuf
ydwfvdkuf” qdkwJh 'k axmifydkif}uD;bdk=unfh&JŒrsufESmudkyJ c%c%jyefjrifaerd&if;/ bdk=unf[m
tm%m±l;vm;? rdk;cg;a&aomuf ±l;vm;qdkwmudkyJ o±kyfcGJ=unfhaerdygawmhw,f? Ò
0if;wifx
h eG ;f
0if;wifhxGef; 91
6 wduk rf mS
avmufuukd w
f m cHz;l ovm;
0if;wifhxGef;
92 0if;wifhxGef;
6 wkdufrSmavmufudkufwmcHzl;ovm;
6 wdu
k rf mS avmufuu
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0if;wifhxGef;
(1)
“(6)wdkufrSm avmufudkufwm cHzl;ovm;a[h”

arsmuft}kd uD;wifvwfajymajymaewke;f uawmh 'Davmufoabmraygurf ?d urBmay:rSm tifrwef
tcsKd;tqufrusvSwJh arsmuftdk}uD;waumifvdk vufjyifuukef;ukef;/ ezl;uwGef@wGef@/ rsufESm}uD;
u±_HŒwGwGeJ@ ol,kwfrmwdk@&JŒt*FgvuQ%mtm;vHk; ol@wa,mufxJtay:rSm tukefpkðyHwyfqif
ay;xm;ovm;xif&avmufwJh OD;wifvwfudk EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vHk;u “arsmuftdk}uD;”vdk@
v#Kd@0Sufemrnfay;xm;ygw,f? olvm+yDqdk&if wu,fudk arsmuftdk}uD;waumif0ifvmovdk ukef;uG
uke;f uGe@J 0ifvmwwfovdk wcef;cef;u wOD;OD;udak wmh rxdcvkwf xdcvkwjf zpfjzpf/ qly}l udr;f armif;wm
jzpfjzpf/ tjypf&Smwm oa&mfwmjzpfjzpf vkyfavh&Sdygw,f?
“a=omfæ bk&m;wumæ 'g tvSLcHZ&yfr[kwfzl;/ axmif - axmif/ axmifrSwdkuf - wdkufvdk@ac:
w,f/ tjyifrSmwkef;uawmh wdkufvdkufr,f cdkufvdkufr,feJ@&J&JawmufvmcJh+yD; tckrS aumif;r_wck
ae@pOfðy*dkufeJ@ pmav;awGudk pyg;vHk;aumufau|;aeovm;/ wdkufa&SŒrSm pmav;awGvmem;atmif
vkyfvdk@r&bl;/ r[m*±k%mawmf}uD;awGvJ pmav;awGtay:rSm jyoraeeJ@/ aus;apwrefawG pmap
wrefawGv$wfzdk@vJ pOf;pm;raeeJ@ r&bl;/ aemuf pyg;vHk;udk rpm;Edkifvdk@ aumufypfw,fqdk&ifvJ
udk,fh[mudkaumuf - +yD;awmh *efzvm;xJxnfh/ wdkufa&SŒypf+yD;pmarG;vdk@ r&bl;/ rSwfxm;”wJh?
(5)wdkufrSmae&wkef;u xrif;rpm;cif pyg;vHk;av;awGaumuf+yD; tcef;a&SŒrvSrf;rurf;rSm
vmvmem;wwfwJh pmav;ESpfaumifa&SŒypfau|;rdvdk@ ajcoHr=um;atmifvmacsmif;wwfwJh
arsmuftdk}uD;eJ@awG@oGm;+yD; tckvdk=o0g'ay;oGm;wmcHvdkuf&jcif;jzpfygw,f? (5)wdkuf[m tcef;(22)
cef;&Sdygw,f? tvsm;vdkuftcef;(22)cef;udk wcef;eJ@wcef;=um; tkwfeH&Hxyf+yD;jcm;xm;ygao;w,f?
teH(8)ay/ tvsm;(10)ayavmuf&Sdr,fvdk@xif&wJhtcef; av;awG[m wqufwnf;zGJ@pnf;xm;wm
jzpfwt hJ wGuf wcef;u pum;us,u f s,af jym&if uyf&ufom;tcef;uawmh cyfw;kd wd;k =um;&Edik yf gw,f?
'ga=umifh 0g'gawGtvpftvpfrmS wcef;eJ@wcef; cd;k cd;k +yD; pum;pjrnfajym=u avh&ydS gw,f? 0g'gawGuvJ
r=umc% tvpfray;yJ cdk;em;axmifavh&Sdygw,f? wdkufxJrSm wcef;eJ@wcef;vSrf;+yD; pum;ajymwm
[mvJ axmifOya't& tifrwef}uD;u,fwJh axmifpnf;urf;csdK;azmufr_}uD;wckygyJ? cdk;em;axmif
+yD; rdatmifzrf; pum;ajymwJholudk enf;trsKd;rsKd;eJ@[def;wwfa[mufwwfwmuawmh 0g'gawG
tm;vHk;vdkvdkygyJ? 'DxJrSm vufarmif;rSm t&pfESpf&pfwyfxm;wJh 0g'gt=uyf arsmuftdk}uD;[m
tqd;k qH;k jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh 0g'g tvpf wcef;eJ@wcef; vSr;f tquftoG,ðf y pum;ajym=u&ygw,f?
u|eaf wmfu h akd wmh u|eaf wmfw@kd &aJ bmfwu G “uAsmq&m”wJ?h (ckcsed tf xd axmifxu J rvGw&f &Smao;
wJ)h udpk ;kd jrifu
h akd wmh ‘bm*sm}uD;’wJ?h udak usm0f if;udk awmh ‘ykavG’wJ?h atmifoef;jrifu
h akd wmh ‘ry'g’/
0if;wifhxGef; 93
taz OD;av;OD;±_wif}uD;udak wmh ‘rke@f qaD =umf’wJ?h ausmx f ;l udak wmh‘ud'k go’/emrnf0u S af wG toD;oD;
&Sd=uygw,f?
“rke@f qaD =umf/ rke@f qaD =umf ud, k w f ikd v
f yk w
f hJ rke@f qaD =umf” qdw k hJ a&S;a[mif;oDcsi;f oH}uD;xGuv f m+yD
qdk&ifawmh tJ'gOD;av; OD;±_wifvSrf;+yD;qufoG,faewJhtoHygyJ? “ry'ga& æry'g&JŒ/ armif}uD;
udk'gorSmjzifh cufu+yDuGm” qdkwJh Zmwfrif;om;[JoHxGufvm&ifawmh ausmfxl;u oleJ@tr_wGJ
atmifoef;jrifhudk vSrf;tquftoG,fðyoHygyJ?
“a=omf-bkef;}uD;/ a&;awmftrSef zwfawmhtoHwJh? zkef;}uD;vdk@ac:ayr,fh a&;awmhbukef;eJ@/
bkef;}uD;aygh? tif; - AHk;}uD;awmh vltaotaysmufydkrsm;wmaygh/ [kwfvm;AHk;}uD;” bmrSajymp&m
r&Sdawmhbl;qdk&if arsmuftdk}uD;u vrf;qufav#mufoGm;&if; q&mawmf OD;y¾dwudk raxrJhjrif
vkyfoGm;wm=um;&avh&Sdygw,f? EdkifiHa&;tr_wyf+yD;zrf;xm;jcif;cH&wJhq&mawmf[m cyfrqdwf
vkyfaeavh&Sdayr,fh =um;&olwdkif;uawmh t0DpdcsKd;uyfr,fh arsmuftdk}uD;&JŒtoHudk em;=um;jyif;uyf
jzpf&wmcsnf;jzpfygw,f?
“a[h ausmfxl;/ 'Dvdkwdkufcef;rsdK;[m òrd@xJrSm pay:waomif;avmuf ray;bJr&bl;? wHcg;rS oH
wHcg;eJ@/ aomhcavmufrS ESpfckxyfwyfay;xm;ao;w,f/ tapmifhta&SmufuvJae@a&mnyg (24)
em&Dtajynf/h rif;wd@k tyd af ewmawmif wd@k 0g'gawGrmS tvJtvS,ef @J apmif=h uyfay;vd@k ? a[m - xrif;
pm;awmhvJ tcsed rf eS 'f aH ygux f rif;eJ@umG æ [J [J” arsmuft}kd uD;&JŒ&doaH vSmifo[ H m wOD;r[kww f OD;
awmh cH&ñuH&wmcsn;f jzpfygw,f? u|eaf wmfw@kd axmifxJ wdu k x
f 0J if&csed rf mS au|;wJx h rif;[m ‘qefjzL’
r[kwfao;yg? vHk;wD;xrif;? pyg;vHk;Edkif;csif;/ cJuygao;/ vHk;wD;qefrS atmufapmfuvJeHvdkufao;?
0ufawmifrpm;wJhpyg;udkrsm; =uHzef&SmazG}udwfcGJ+yD; csufay;aeovm;rajymwwf? 'efyef;uefjym;
yde±f ŒH_ ±_ŒH ay:u vH;k wD;xrif;yH[ k m eDww D 0D gwmwm ta&mifrsK;d pHyk gae+yD; trSww f rJt
h a0;uaevSr;f =unfh
vdkuf&if ‘'Haygufxrif;’ta&mif xaeygw,f? 'gudk arsmuftdk}uD;u‘'Haygufxrif;’vdk@ tr$rf;wif
ajymqdkvdkufwmjzpfygw,f?
wcgawmh b,fhES,fvJa[h 'Haygufxrif;av; aEG;aEG;av;uGmvdk@ ausmfxl;udk arsmuftdk}uD;u
oGm;uvdawmh/ “'Dvkd 'Haygux f rif;av; cifAsm;vJpm;=unfyh gvm;”vd@k jyefEu S o
f =H um;vdu k &f ygw,f?
udk'goawmh jyefESufae+yDvdk@ pdwfxJuaevufckyfwD;ay;&if; qufem;axmif=unhfvdkufawmh æ
“trav; - armifrif;}uD;om;wdk@yJ pm;=uyg/ 0atmifpm;=uyg/ igawmhrpm;yg&apeJ@/ rif;wdk@om
wdik ;f jynftyk cf sKyf rif;vkycf siw f hJ ‘tavmif;’ av;awGqakd wmh/ igajymwm tavmif;tvsmr[kwzf ;l aemf
tavmif;av;awG/ tavmif;av;awG”qdw k ahJ rsmuft}kd uD;&JŒa[mifzmG a[mifzmG toHe@J twl ezl;wGe@f
wGe@f ±ŒH_ ±_ŒH }uD;udk ESpq
f avmufxyf±ŒH_ +yD;xGuv f mwJh arsmuft}kd uD;&JŒrsuEf mS udk tcef;a&SŒu jzwfxu G o f mG ;
wmjrifvdkuf&ygwm,f? u|efawmfðyH;vdkufrdygw,f?
aoewfta=umif;od+yD; aoewfudkifvmcJhwJhol aoewfeJ@owfjzwfvmcJhwhJol[m aoewfudk
ydak =umufwwfovd/k axmifxw J u
kd xf t J a=umif;od+yD; axmife@J wu kd ef @J toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ðyvmcJo h l
axmifeJ@wdkufeJ@ n‡Of;yef;ESdyfpufvmcJhol[mvJ axmifeJ@wdkufudkydk+yD; a=umufvef@wwf wkefv_yfwwf
yHk&ygw,f?
a=umufwwfol[m ajcmufwwfolvJ jzpfyHk&ygw,f? arsmuftdk}uD;&JŒvufoHk;pum;uawmh “
94 0if;wifhxGef;
(6)wdkufrSm avmufudkufcHcsifovm;” qdkwmeJ@ “ (6)wdkufrSm avmufudkufcHzl;ovm; ” qdkwm jzpf
ygw,f? jy\emwckcak y:&if/ tvdrk uswu hJ pd w
P ckcak y:vm&if “ (6)wdu
k rf mS avmufuu
kd cf o
H mG ;&r,f”
qdkwJhpum;udk tm;&yg;& ±_HŒrJh+yD; ajymavh&Sdygw,f? tpurS cyfusOf;usOf;rsufayguftpHk[m ±_HŒrJh+yD;
tm;&yg;&ajymvduk wf t
hJ cg ezl;a=um±_ŒH ±_ŒH }uD;awG=um;xJ rSm rsO;f wom;wnf;vdk jzpfomG ;wwfygw,f?
tckawmh arsmuftdk}uD;&JŒ“ (6)wdkufrSm avmufudkufcHzl;ovm;a[h ”qdkwJhpum;udk u|efawmf
vufawG@cHpm;od&Sdae&yg+yD;? ememusnf;usnf; cg;cg;onf;onf; ñuHawG@ae&yg+yD?
ÐÐÐ
“'Daumifhudkæatmvf”
oydwaf &mifxaewJt h om;ta&mifa=umifh ‘a&$us;D ’vd@k emrnfay;xm;jcif;cH&wJh ppfaxmufvrS ;f
a&;Adv k }f uD;waumifu 0g'guv kd rS ;f ajymvdu k +f yD;wJah emuf/ tif;pdeaf xmif ppfa=uma&;wdu k t f wGi;f uae
xGufvm&+yD;wJhaemuf u|efawmf(6)wdkufxJa&mufvm&ygw,f? (6)wdkuf tcef; eHygwf(6)?
“a[haumif tukefc|wf tukefc|wf/ bmrS0wfxm;vdk@r&bl; zdeyfygc|wf”
0g'gwaumifu tukecf |w+f yD; t0wftpm;rSeo f r# odr;f oGm;ygw,f? twGi;f u oHwcH g;udk aomh
cwfvdkufwJhtjyif tjyifuopfom;wHcg;udkvJ *sdKif;ceJaqmifhydwfvdkufwmeJ@wòydifeuf yxrqHk; cHpm;
vdu k &f wmu tarSmif"mwf/ tarSmife@J wqufwnf;uyfygvmwmu ta[mife@H ? tarSmife@J ta[mif
[m b,f[mu b,f[m&JŒt&ifv@kd ajymvd@k r&atmif wom;wnf;a&m,Suaf e+yD; (6) wdu k f (6)cef;xJ
pwifpHjref;&ygawmhw,f?
tcef;av;[m(5)wdu k u
f tcef;xuf w0ufavmufy&J rdS ,ft h jyif/ (5)wduk x f wJ ek ;f uvdk zsmpkwf
av;wcsyfrSvJr&Sdawmhyg? ao;*efzvm;/ acs;*efzvm;vJ wvHk;rSr&Sdawmhyg? a'gifhauG;rSm&Sdaewmu
oJyakH v;wyH?k ryDrotvif;a&mif,, hJ ahJ tmufrmS oJyakH v;wyH?k acs;eJ@ao;a&maESmaewJh oJyckH sKd ifw h iG ;f
av;xJrmS awmh ‘avmuf’ awG/ avmufawGæ? v_yv f y_ f v_yv f y_ ef @J acs;xJao;xJrmS aysmaf e=uovm;/
yGaJ wmfwnfae=uovm; rajymwwfyg? &GpH &mawmh awmfawmfaumif;? avSmifyw d xf m;wJt h arSmifcef;
av;xJrmS / a[mifapmfeaH ewJh acs;eH@ao;eH@awG wv_id v f id_ =f um;xJrmS avmufawGtóuduEf pS o f ufwwf
qH;k &moDOwkrsK;d jzpfaeord@k vm; rajymwwf? azmuf azmuf/ azmufazmufqw kd thJ oHav;awGawmifrS
xGufaevdkufygao;w,f?
rdarG;wdik ;f zarG;wdik ;f cE<mud, k ef @J oHwikd ef m;u tcef;a'giahf uG;av;rSm tomt,mxdik cf svu kd af wmh
a&cJw;kH ay:zifcx k ikd v
f ukd &f ovdk usicf eJ at;pdro hf mG ;ygw,f? orHovif;ay:u tat;"mwfu;kd ? at;
prf; at;prf; at;prf;uG? a&$usD;rsufESm bGm;ceJ ay:vmovdk ‘atmvf’qdkwm 'grsKd;udk;qdkwJh todudk
emusicf cH ufpmG rSwo f m;xm;vdu k rf w d ,f? ‘wdu k ’f xJxnf+h yD; ESyd pf ufxm;&wmawmif tm;r& ao;vd@k
wdkuf&JŒwdkuftjzpf (6)wdkufxJxnfh/ opfom;wHcg;}uD;ygxyfydwf/ wudk,fvHk; tm;vHk; tukefc|wf/
zsmwcsyaf pmifyg;av;wxnfawmifray;bJ acs;,dpk &m ao;aygupf &m *efzvm;av; awmif&cdS iG rhf ay;yJ
tckvkd aocsio f vdak oxm;vdu k wf mudk “atmvf”vd@k ac:wmrsm;vm;? ‘atmvf’ qdw k mu ‘tm;vH;k ’
‘tukefvHk;’ qdkwhJ t"dy`m,fyJr[kwfvm;?
0if;wifhxGef; 95
“'Dr,f a[haumif/ rif;u uAsmq&m[kwfvm;/ 0wˆKawG bmawGvJa&;w,f[kwfvm;/ bm
uAsmvJ/ tpdk;&raumif;a=umif;a&;wJhuAsmvm;/ ig rif;uAsmpmtkyfzwf=unfh+yD;+yD/ bmwJh - tJ'D
pmtkyfxJrSm ‘ESif;qDeD’ wJh ‘ESif;qDeDawG æ a0aeapcsif’wJh [kwfvm;/ ESif;qDeDqdkwm rif;tarvif
uGefjrLepfawGudk ajymcsifwmvm;/ +yD;awmh bmwJh [dkæ‘tdyfr&wJh/ nænrsm;rSm/ tdyf&muqif;/
ESi;f qD cif;qD’wJ?h rif;ajymcsiw f mu ckacwf}uD;[m nayg?h tarSmifacwf}uD;ayg/h tdyrf &vd@k ESi;f qDcif;
qDvrS ;f =unfo h ayg?h 'g olyek w
f rf;csi;f yJ? a[haumifaeOD;/ ri;fu awmifial qmif ArmpmXmetay:xyfu
uAsmq&mwifrdk;qdkwJhvlqDudkvJ oGm;oGm;aew,fqdk/ tJ'D wifrdk;eJ@aum rif;b,fvdkywfoufovJ”
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aqmif tdkawmifrqif;&J æ r[kwfzl;uG/ bl;wvHk;aqmif aoawmif tavmif;rvS jzpfoGm;r,f/”
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xHk;pHtwdkif;ESmacgif;}uD;udk ydwfvdk@? oluawmh u|efawmhftcef; wae@ESpfacguf rSefrSefa&muf&wJholyg?
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100 0if;wifhxGef;
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avmukw&W mvrf;pOfbufuae wifjyoGm;cJw h ,f? u|eaf wmfuawmh ‘xdr’_ vJ xdreS ;f / odrb _ ufuae
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0if;wifhxGef; 101
102 0if;wifhxGef;
(10)bkwf/ (14)a,muf
(10) bkw/f (14)a,muf

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bkwfudkif&J@toH//
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0if;wifhxGef; 103
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t*Fvyd pf um;uae vmwmaerSmaygh // uGmwm;vD;qdw k m av;ykw H yku H kd qdvk w
kd mr[kwv f m;// wESprf mS
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ae&wmxufawmh enf;enf;*Gif ydu k s,o f a,mifa,mif vGwv f yfoa,mifa,mif cHpm;&w,f// usaemf
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vnfovdkom=unfhae=uAsm ææ cifAsm;wdk@[m ynmwwfawGyJ æ” vdk@ wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwfajym+yD;/
wcsKd@udpP roda,mifrjrifa,mif aqmifay;w,f// c|efwm csufwmawG rvkyf//
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104 0if;wifhxGef;
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'grSr[kwf tusôav;eJ@ywf+yD;csxm;tokH;ðyvdkuf&if acgif;tkH;tjzpftokH;awmfcH&Smawmhwmaygh//
aumfZvkcH u G af &mifpHk ºuGyºf uGyt f w
d rf sK;d pkaH &mifpeHk @J tvky}f uD;us tusO;f om;wef;}uD;[m tvkyf
0if;wifhxGef; 105
}uD;0if;xJa&mufvm+yD;wJhaemufrSmawmh/ udk,fhtvkyf±kHXme&Sd&mbufqD udk,fcsKd;+yD;0ifvm=u&w,f?
ud,k bhf w k ef @J u,
kd /f ud,
k t
hf yk pf ek @J u,
kd af yg/h / ,ufuef;/ vuform;/ yef;yJw@kd u b,fzuf/ zdeyfcsKyf/ pmtkyf
csKyfw@kd u nmzufqakd wmh tusO;f om;wef; tusO;f om;tky}f u;D udk (2)ydik ;f cGyJ pfvu kd o
f vdk jzpfomG ;w,f?
vrf;r}uD;jcm;xm;wJh [dkzuf&yfuGufeJ honfzuf&yfuGufav;vdk jzpfoGm;w,f//
,ufuef;bkwu f awGjzpfwhJ tud}k u;D udv k aS &$ / OD;av;Adv
k pf ;kd wif/h OD;xGe;f atmif/ OD;azwif/ udòk z;d xdef
pwJhusaemfwdk@ 5§n nDaemifwtkyfu b,fzufjcrf;qD csKd;0ifoGm;wm vSrf;jrif&w,f//
usaemfwdk@zdeyfcsKyf (10)bkwfu (14)a,mufudkjyef=unfhvdkufr,fqdk&ifvJ wef;pD;udkwifodef;
wa,mufuvGJvdk@usef(13)a,mufvkH;[m EdkifiHa&;r_awGcsnf;// 'gayrJh tm;vkH; 5§n awGcsnf;awmh
r[kwf// u&if}uD;apm&SufzeJ@ udkpdk;xGwfwdk@u 17§1 awG æ// usaemftygt0if AdkvfZifaumh/ iodkif;
acsmif;pdk;0if;/ yavmifatmifpef;/ udkarmifarmifwdwf/ udkaX;atmif(Zifvif;)/tbOD;bOD;/ OD;xGef;jrifh/
OD;ausmfjrifh/ OD;jrpdef/ OD;atmif}unfwdk@uawmh 5§n awG//
(2)
zdeyfcsKyf±kHu ±kH}uD;(2)±kH //
usaemfwdk@u wu,fzdeyfcsKyfpufawGyg&SdwJh yxr±kH}uD;xJ0ifvdkufcsdefrSm/ vl}uD;awGjzpfwJh tb
OD;bOD;/ OD;xGef;jrifh/ OD;jrpdef/ OD;ausmfjrifh/ OD;atmif}unfwdk@wawGu om;a&jym;csyf}uD;awGyJxm;wJh
'kwd,±kHxJ tv#Ldtv#Ld 0ifoGm;}uw,f//
udpk ;kd xGw}f uD;u ±kx H aJ &mufwmeJ@o@l zed yfcsKyfpuf}uD;ab;csw d x
f m;ypfcw hJ hJ vufEpS zf ufv;Hk r&Sad wmh
wJoh @l &@J ypk eG q
f aD oG;a&mif tuspô w k }f uD;udk vJv, S 0f wfqifjcif;tr_ðyae+yD// tvky0f ifawmhr,fqw kd hJ 'DZikd ;f
tjynfeh @J aygh // ol@tus}ô u;D &J@rv l ta&mifu ykpeG af oG;a&mifjzpfayrJ/h pufqaD wGtvdr;f vdr;f / acs;an‡maf wG
txyfxyfeJ@qdkawmh o&ufxnfyef;±kdufqifvdkvdk tuGufuGuftajymufajymufjzpfay:aeygw,f//
rkwq f w d af r$;awG yg;odik ;f ar$;awGe@J tjyif qHyifuvJ zGmvHusaJ tmifx;kd xd;k axmifaxmifjzpfaewJh
udkpdk;xGwf}uD;&J@'DZdkif;[m wu,fhpufq&m}uD;ykHaygufaew,f// +yD;awmhrS b,fu&xm;rSef;rod&wJh
ol@&@J aq;wHw0kd g;±k;d wyf}uD;xJ aq;r_e@f awGjznf+h yD;/ rD;wd@k +yD; ol@puf}uD;aemufrmS aqmifah =umifx h ikd &f if;/
wzGm+yD;wzGm tm;&yg;& zGmawmfrlaew,f//
Adv
k Zf ifaumhu udw k ifoed ;f pm;yGaJ y:wifxm;wJh wlawGe@J zdeyf±u dk o f aH wGukd oGm;,lvm+yD; usaemf
wdk@udka0r#ay;w,f//
“ud, k v hf w
l @kd / [dak &S@uzdeyfyu Hk kd 'Dae@wae@v;Hk tcsed q
f +JG yD; xifovdv k nfovd±k u dk yf pfvukd =f uzd@k y”J
usaemfw@kd a&S@rvSr;f rurf;rSm ayckaH o;ao;av;awGwyfxm;wJh zdeyf±u dk t f vkypf m;yG&J n
S }f uD;wvk;H ?
tJ'Dtay:rSm cGm±kdufzdk@vdkaeao;wJh zdeyfykH}uD;wykH// om;a&&SL;zdeyfykH=urf;}uD;awG æ//
usaemfw@kd u usaemfw@kd vufpaJG wmfºuyG ºf ut G w d u
f av;awG pkyx Hk m;&m zdeyf±aHk xmifh auG;av;em;
xdkif+yD;pum;pjrnfajymqdkae=u&mu wwfEdkifor# tcsdefqGJEdkifor#qGJ+yD;rS xvmcJh=uw,f//
“ 'DzdeyfawGu ratvdk;0g'gawG pD;zdk@vm; rodbl;/ tukefvkH; oHawGacsmf+yD;om rodrom ±kduf
ypfAsm æ”
106 0if;wifhxGef;
(10)bkwf/ (14)a,muf
iodkif;acsmif;pdk;0if;}uD;u avoHwdk;wdk;eJ@ajymw,f// ol@ykHu ydefydef&Snf&Snf/ ol@t&yfeJ@tòydif ol@
vnfwdkif}uD;uvJ cyf&Snf&Snf// a&S@qkH;ursm; olwef;pD bkwfxGuf&wJhae@rsm;qdk&if/ rm;rm;rm;rm;eJ@
ol@yyHk ef;oGijf yif[m tvSLcHxu G tf zG@J }uD;udk OD;aqmifac:,lvm&wJh a*gyuvl}uD;*du k rf sK;d ayguaf ew,f?
tJvdktcgrsKd;qdk&if AdkvfZifaumhu ol@oli,fcsif;&Jabmf&Jbuf}uD;udk=unfh&if; aemufuae wcGD;cGD;eJ@
oabmusaewwfw,f// Adv k Zf ifaumhu a&=unfom;// a&=unfe@J iodik ;f acsmif;qdw k m we,fxv J vkd kd
awmifajymvd@k &ovdk i,foil ,fcsi;f vJ i,foil ,fcsi;f awG æ// wuUov kd af usmif;om;b0awGwek ;f uvJ
ausmif;om;oydwu f pd eP @J axmifxt J wlwal &mufc=hJ uzl;ol uHwt l usK;d ay;awGjzpfovd/k tckvJ Edik if aH &;
tr_twlwel @J axmifxt J wlwal &mufc&hJ jyefoal wG jzpfygw,f// wu,fu Adv k Zf ifaumh &J eh mrnf&if;u
wif0if;// 'gayrJh b,fou l rS ol@ukd udw k if0if;vd@k rac:/ emrnf&if; udw k if0if;qdw k mudak wmif awmfawmf
rsm;rsm;uawmh arhae=u+yD// AdkvfZifaumhtjzpfeJ@yJ odae=uwm=um+yD// 'Dvdk AdkvfZifaumhemrnf wGif
vm&wmuvJ aemufcHordkif;a=umif;u &Sd+yD;om;// ol[m wu,fhabmvkH;orm;/ tm;upm;orm;?
yxrwef;vufa&G;pifabmvk;H orm;txdawmif jzpfczhJ ;l ao;qdv k m;yJ// tJ'w D ek ;f u Armjynfuv kd m+yD;/
abmhv;Hk enf;jyq&m vmvkyaf y;olu ±k&mS ;u// emrnfu Adv k Zf ifaumhv@kd yJ xifygw,f// tJ'aD bmhv;Hk
enf;jy}u;D eJ@ rsuEf mS ayguf rsuEf mS us awmfawmfav;qifw/hJ axmifaxmifarmif;armif;eJ@ abmfv;Hk orm;
vJjzpfaewJh ol@ukd ol@rw d af qGrsm;u Adv k Zf ifaumh Adv k Zf ifaumhvkd ah c:=u&muae/ Adv k Zf ifaumh emrnf
&vmwmvd@k q=kd uw,f// 'gayrJh 'DvAkd v kd Zf ifaumhemrnfwiG cf &hJ wm ol@twGuaf wmh idt k m;xuf &Dtm;
oefp&mtjzpfrsKd;yJajym&rvm;/ tukodkvfò*d[f0ifar$zdk@t&if;tESD;wck xyfay;vdkuf&wmvdk@yJ ajym&
rvm; rajymwwf// AvmcsD taqmfcHvdkuf&+yD;rS'Demrnf[m ydkrdkcdkifrmatmif uifyGef;wyf+yD;om;jzpf
oGm;&w,f// tjzpfu 'Dv/kd / yxrqk;H t}udraf xmifx0J if&awmh ol@ukd Adv k Zf ifaumhæ Adv k Zf ifaumhv@kd vJ
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u ac:ae=uwm=um;xm;ykH&wJh axmufvSrf;a&;trsKd;,kwfrsm;u “ ratvdk;æ
rif;u ±k&mS ;tazac:csiw f ahJ umif/ uGejf rLepfpw d af yguaf ewJah umifaygh æ[kwv f m;/ emrnfuu kd Adv
k Zf if
aumhqdkæ[kwfvm;æ” qdk+yD; b,fnmaAvdkuf=uwm cHvdkuf&&Smygw,f//
abmhvkH;orm;rdk@ac:=uwmygAsm æ AdkvfZifaumhqdkwmabmhvkH;orm;ygAsm æ uGefjrLepfacgif;
aqmifwa,muf&@J emrnfr[kw&f ygb;l Asm æ vd@k renf;}uD;&Si;f jyvdu k &f wmawmif/ t±ku d t
f ESucf &H wJh
ab;uawmh vkH;0uif;uif;&Sif;&Sif; rvGwfcJhvdk@qdkygw,f// axmufvSrf;a&;rsm; A[kokwjynfhpkHvdkufykH
awmfvu kd yf u
Hk awmh tHzh , G o f wk ygy/J / olw@kd rodwm tjypf=uHzef&mS wwfwmu ta&;r}uD;// cH&oltzd@k
uawmh woufrw S o f m;p&mygy/J / 'Dvekd @J æ Adv k Zf ifaumh qdw k ehJ mrnf[m ydyk +kd yD;cdik rf mvmcJ&h &if;/ tar
ay;wJhi,femrnfxuf ydkydk+yD;wGifus,fvmcJh&ol/ todtrSwfðycH&oljzpfvmw,f//
aemufwa,mufuawmh yavmifatmifpef;// usaemfw@kd bw k x f rJ mS awmh t&yftykq;Hk // awmfawmf
udkododomom ykvGef;vS&Smolwa,mufjzpfygw,f// yavmifatmifpef;vdk hac:=uayrJh/ wu,fu
ol[mArmppfppfwa,muf// awmcdo k mG ;&mrSm yavmifa'orSmyJtae=umvmcJ&h olr@kd yavmifatmif
pef;vdk@ emrnfwGifvm&ol jzpfygw,f//
usaemfwdk@&J@yJcl;om; udkarmifarmifwdwf}uD;udkawmh trsm;u udkwdwf/ udkwdwf}uD;vdk@yJ ac:=u
w,f// w±kwaf oG;ygorl kd t h om;ta&mifu jzLaeayrJ/h 'DxrJ mS awmh b,fuvm jzL0if;=unfpifaeygrh vJ?
jzLzwfjzLavsmfaygh// aumfudkif;rsufrSefteufav;eJ@/ yg0gwyfrSefu bJOykHav;eJ@? wu,fhudkynmwwf
0if;wifhxGef; 107
wa,mufykH xGufaew,f// oGm;wmvmwmuawmh cyfoGufoGuf// xDceJqdk udkwdwfyg+yDvdk@awmif
ajym&rvm; rajymwwf// OD;oef@ta&;tcif;wke;f uvJ udw k w
d w f @kd a&S@u? tckvJ a[m'D 5§n tky}f uD;
xJrmS pm&if;0iftif;0ifygvmjyef+y/D / ole@J ywfoufv@kd u Edik if aH &;avmurSm ajymprSww f iG af ewm &Sw d ,f?
olu pdwfu cyfxufxuf// ol@taru ol@udk cspfvdkufykHuvJ wkefaeatmifudk cspf&SmowJh// emrnf
awmif b,fawmhrS tjynfhrac:/ twdwf – twdwfvdk@yJ ac:owJh// OD;oef@ta&;tcif;r_eJ@ ausmif;om;
b0 axmifx0J ifc&hJ awmh/ udw k wd &f @J cspv f pS mG aomtar}uD;[m om;av;twdwt f wGuf rsu&f nfawG
wa0a0eJ@/ wywfrS axmif0ifpmtysufrcH ra&mufa&mufatmifvm&SmowJh// tcspfqkH;om;twGuf
aumif;Ed;k &m&mav;awG axmif0ifpmyd@k v@kd &wmav;awG vmyd@k &if;/ om;rsuEf mS vmvm=unf&h mS owJ?h
ae@wikd ;f axmif0ifpmrsm;vmawG@v@kd &r,fq&kd if/ ol@om;av;udak e@wikd ;f jrifEikd zf @kd yJc;l awmif rjyef? axmif
Al;0eJ@eD;&mae&mrSmyJjzpfovdkntdyf+yD;awmif ae@wdkif;axmif0ifpmvmawG@aer,fhtarrsKd;// ay;csif
wmawGay;+yD;/ tusOf;om;}uD;vkH;vkH;jzpfae&wJh om;cspf}uD;rsufESmudk =unfh=unfh+yD; rsuf&nfvnf&GJ
tjrJvdkvdkidkwwf&SmowJh// pdwfcyfxufxufjzpfwJhudkwdwf}uD;u wae@awmh “ tar æusaemfhudk vm
vmawG@+yD; tckvdk idkidkae&if tarrvmcJheJ@awmhætaridk&if/ aemufæusaemfhqD vmrawG@eJ@awmhæ”
vd@k ajymvdu k rf od wJ/h / tar[m om;rsuEf mS udk w0}uD;=unf+h yD;acgi;f }uD;udk ndwjf y&SmowJ/h / xk;H pHtwdik ;f
yJ/ aemufwywfa&mufawmhvJ taraxmif0ifpmtdwfqGJ+yD; a&mufvmcJhjyefowJh// axmif0ifpmtdwf
av;qG+J yD;/ xk;H pHtwdik ;f om;rsuEf mS w0}uD;ai;=unfah e+yD;/ 'Dwcg'v D akd jym&SmowJ/h / “ om; æ twdw/f
tarridb k ;l aemfæ/ om; ætwdw/f tarridb k ;l aemf ” vd@k q@kd eifh a=uuGo J }H uD;eJ@ajym&if;u rsuEf mS jyifay:
rsu&f nfv;Hk }uD;awGu xde;f rEdik o f rd ;f r& wvdrv hf rd phf ;D usae&SmowJ/h / tarridb k ;l aemfævd@k twif;tm;
wif;ajymae&if;u &SKd ufo}H uD;u xGuaf e&SmowJ/h / &ifxu J idak ewmudk b,fvv kd yk f xde;f Edik &f mS rSmwJv h J
udw k wd &f ,f æ// om;ætarridb k ;l aemfv@kd om;auseyfavmufatmif óud;pm;yrf;pm;wkew f ek &f &D D wzGzG
ajymqdak e&if;u/ rsu&f nfawG awGawGawGawG pD;usae&SmwJh rdcifwa,muf&@J rsuEf mS udk jrifvu kd &f av
olwikd ;f &ifeifch =hJ u&ygw,f// aemufwcg - om;qDrvm&rSmpd;k vdk /h om;u rvmcJeh @J awmhv@kd ajymrSmpd;k vd@k /
pdw}f uD;wJo h m;u pdwcf +k yD; aemifxu G rf awG@awmhrmS pd;k vd@k wu,fickd siaf ewmudk =uHzefóud;pm;xde;f csKyf
ae&if;u &ifxu J vdu _ w
f ufvmaewJh ido k wH 0uf ±_u d o f w
H 0uf}u;D eJ rh su&f nfawG awGawG awGawGp;D us
ae&SmwJh udw k wd &f @J taryku
H kd ESv;Hk om;&So d wl ikd ;f u ajymrqk;H Edik af tmifjzpfc=hJ u&ygw,f// ajymprSwf wGif
cJh&ygw,f//
aemufwa,mufuawmh usaemfw@kd &@J uakd X;atmif (Zifvif;) }uD;yg // 'Dwacguf axmifxaJ &mufchJ
&olawGxJrSm udkaX;atmifu ESpfa,mufjzpfaeygw,f// wa,mufu armfwmaX;atmif// 'ga=umifh
±kwfw&ufvSrf;=unfhvdkuf&if/ qdkAD,ufypPnf;rJhacgif;aqmif}uD; vDeifeJ@cyfqifqifwlwJh txl;ojzifh/
vDeif&J@ezl;}uD;eJ@ezl;a& 'l;a&awmfawmfwlwJhezl;}uD;vJ&SdwJh usaemfwdk@&J@udkaX;atmif}uD;udk vDeif aX;
atmifvdk@yJ uifyGef;wyfac:a0:=uygw,f// olu at;at;aq;aq; wnfwnf+idrf+idrfeJ@ vl}uD;qefol
jzpfygw,f// usaemfw@kd xufvJ touft&G,t f m;jzif}h uD;ol 0gtm;jzifv h J }uD;olyg// axmifx0J ifc&hJ csed rf mS
orD;ESpfa,muftaz//
usaemfw@kd uawmh ol@ukd ol@u, G &f mrSm vDeif}uD;vd@k yJ ac:=uw,f// ole@J usaemf[m taqmifrmS
wcef;wnf;vJ twlae&±krH u tdyaf wmhvJ ab;csi;f uyf// ab;csi;f uyfqw kd m wu,fu h akd b;csi;f uyfyg?
108 0if;wifhxGef;
(10)bkwf/ (14)a,muf
yufvufvSeftdyfom±kH ausmwcif;pm &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;ae&mav;om&wmrdk@wa,mufeJ@wa,muf[m
xdqufaewmygy/J / ol@vykd J usaemf&h @J ab;wzufrmS ab;csi;f uyfvmusou l awmh wGaH w;u c&pf,mef
oif;tkyq f &mawmf}u;D q&mapm',fe, D ,fyg// q&m',f}u;D u u&iftrsK;d om;yg // ol@ZeD;u autif,l
acgi;f aqmif}uD;ref;bZH&@J wrl awmif awmfw,fv@kd xifygw,f// olu autif,el @J ywfouf+yD;ygvmwJh
17§1-2 yg // wcgw&H tjyifupDrcH suaf =umifh “omwD;'D ” qdw k mawG tpkvu kd t f ðyHvu kd f odr;f usL;H +yD;
0ifvmwJhtcgrsm;rSmqdk&if usaemfwdk@&J@wudk,fpmae&mav;awGyg xyfusK@Hay;vdkuf&+yD; vDeif}uD;wdk@
q&m',f}uD;wdk@[m usaemfh&J@ab;csif;uyf tjzpfuae/ ausmcsif;uyf &ifcsif;uyftqifhtxdawmif
a&mufa&mufoGm;&ygao;w,f// omwD;'Drsm; crsmuawmh wcsKd@rsm; acs;ykH;}uD;eJ@ao;tdk;tem; acgif;
qdu k tf yd &f awmhwt hJ xdjzpfomG ;&ygw,f// usaemfw@kd urS wwfeikd o f r# yl;Edik of r# yl;uyfusK@H ±ek @f ray;bl;
qd&k if omwD;'Drsm;tjzpf[mwDaumifwaD xG;}uD;awGvkd vk;H axG;wGe@f vrd af e&±krH #ru 'kwef;pD;vkyo f &l @J
rqef@qef@atmif om;a&cg;ywfw&rf;&rf;eJ@ twif;±kdufoGif;ay;aer_udk rjrif&ufp&maumif;avmuf
atmif jrif&=um;&ygvdrfhr,f//
vlom;pifppfawGuae wd&p>mefxuftjzpfq;kd &wJb h 0usa&mufae&olawGukd vk;H ceJ cJceJrsu0f g;
xifxifjrifawG@&EdkifwJhae&m[m axmifvdk@yJ qdkvdkufcsifygw,f// axmiftm%myg;uGufom;rsm;/
axmifajconf;vufonf;rsm; qDref;ref; }udr;f 0g;avh&w dS hJ “ axmifu/G bmrSwo f vJ/ rift h arviftrd f
aeovdkaevdk@r&bl;/ rEdkif Edkifatmifudkifr,f/ axmifu rEdkifvdk@/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&&,f æ jyefac:oGm;yg
awmhvkd t h pd;k &qDjyefy@kd &wmaxmifordik ;f rSm b,fwek ;f urS r&Scd zhJ ;l bl;/ b,fawmhrv S J &Srd mS r[kwb f ;l ”
qdwk hJ vlrqefveG ;f vSwhJ tjrifoabmxm;rsm;eJ@tnD &uf&ufpufpufEydS u f uG jf ywwfwm orm;±k;d us
jzpfaeovdk/ “ axmifrqef@awmhvdk@ axmifxJxyfrydk@=uygeJ@awmh/ xyfrxnfh=uygeJ@awmh” vdk@awmh
b,fawmhrS ajym=uqd=k uvdrrhf ,fr[kw/f / rqef@qef@atmif xnf=h uzd@k / wDaxG;}uD;vdjk zpfae±krH u iydoyd f
icsOo f yd u f ae iHjym&nfyg xGuu f sus rqef@qef@atmif xnfjh yzd@k twif;±ku d Ef uS f eif;acs jy=ur,fom
jzpfygw,f// tJ'v D kd tcgwikd ;f usaemfah b;csi;f uyf c&pf,mefoif;tkyq f &mawmf}uD;q&m',fe, D ,f[m
ar;a=um}uD;awGaxmifaeatmif tH}uD;udkwif;wif;}udwfaewwfovdk/ usaemfh&J@ab;csif;uyf}uD;
udak X;atmif[mvJ oufjyif;&Sn}f uD;awGut kd qufrjywfcs&if; rsuaf rSmif}uD;udk ñuwfaewwfygw,f?
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tvSnu hf s[if;csuw f m0efuswikd ;f / ESpaf ,mufwwGw J =JG u&&if ole@J usaemf[m wwGw J nf;// reufpmu
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xJu oifhavsmf&m[if;wckckeJ@wGJzufpm;vdkuf=u±kHom //
ygq,fvmEdkifoljzpfap/ rvmEdkifoljzpfap/ usaemfwdk@ 5§n tkyf zdeyfcsKyf0iftm;vkH;[m udk,fh
rdom;pkqu D axmif0ifpmvmawG@v@kd &vmcJu h or# bkt H jzpftyfEo HS rd ;f qnf;pkpnf;xm;+yD; twlcw JG rf;
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0if;wifhxGef; 109
axmifxJrSmawmh tqdk;qkH;// 0ufawmifpm;rSm r[kwfwJh[if;// 'Dawmh bkH&duQmygq,fxkyfxJu [if;
au|;[if;&Hav;rsm;eJ@rpm;&ufraomuf&ufae@z@kd npm wdik ;f wdcsex f m;&wmav;rsm;eJ@[if;oD; [if;&Guf
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ygatmif vkyf&w,f// [if;csufpm;&w,fqdkvdk@ vG,fvG,fululrsm;awmh rxifvdkufygeJ@// axmifxJrSm
axmifOya't&u [if;csupf m;zd@k aeaeomom rD;awmifarG;cGi&hf w dS mr[kw/f / 'D=um;xJu odomodap
rjrifapenf;eJ ch ;kd 0Su+f yD;csuðf ywf=u&wm// xif;tjzpfo;Hk zd@k opfwo kd pfp a&$abmfpmtp up/ vuform;
bkww f m0efus t=uHtzefvyk o f el @J qufo, G +f yD; aq;vdyaf y; 0,fxm;& odr;f qnf;0Suo f x
kd m;&wm?
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wcgw&H aq;vdyfay;0,fvdkufeJ@aygh//
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110 0if;wifhxGef;
(10)bkwf/ (14)a,muf
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w,f//
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taqmifjyefa&muf xrif;xd;k csed f vufpaJG wmfaumfZvkcH u G u f , kd pf eD @J wef;pD/ vlpw
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(3)
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uAsmu udk,OfrGef&J huAsmvdk@yJ xifygw,f//
“ wl}uD;wudik u f ikd ef @J æud, k u hf v k m;xdik f ud, k ±f u
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0if;wifhxGef; 111
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qdk wckro S iG ;f cGirhf &Sw
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pdr;f av;&Edik af &;twGuf tb[m tckvw kd ukyu f yk f t=uHtzefvyk pf u kd yf sK;d ae&Smwm// tzG@J ukd axmufyhH
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olw@kd csuðf ywfau|;aewmurS wu,fu h kd use;f rma&;eJ@wpufuav;rS rnD!w G /f wywfwcgyJ pm;&wJh
ykpH tH om;uvJ b,fawmhrS rusu/f / axmifr;ª axmifyikd rf sm;cd;k vd@k uv hJ @kd &atmif ykpH jH ynfw h ,fxif&atmif
wyGuq f al vmufrmS yJ tom;wk;H }uD; uke;f ±ke;f azmif;ºuGaewke;f rusuw f usuaf vmufe@J ay;vdu k af u|;
vdkufwmrsKd;csnf; jzpfw,f// qefu atmufapmfeH/ iydu ydk;xdk;// [if;&Gufudk a&vkHðywfau|;wJhtcgus
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zdk@ óud;pm;=u&wm//
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axmifvJuscJhzl;wm t}udrf}udrf// zqyvacwfu axmufvSrf;a&;u ol@udkzrf;+yD; ajcovkH;rsOf;vkH;eJ@
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112 0if;wifhxGef;
(10)bkwf/ (14)a,muf
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wJh [if;tdk;ykH;// wyfokH; [ef;aumcsKdifhvdkvdk bmvdkvdk//
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jzpfygr,f// =uH=uHzefzef axmifxaJ &mufrS aq;+rD;wdek nf; [if;csuef nf;awGvu kd af r;+yD; a&;rSwaf ewm
&Dp&mvd@k awmhrxifvu kd yf ge@J // ud,
k 0hf goemeJ@u,
kd v
f @kd yJ ajym&ygvrd rhf ,f// pd;k 0if;}uD;uawmh “ OD;av;u
tjyifusrS tJ'D[if;awG tukefvdkufcsufpm;=unfhrvdk@vm;/ 'DrSmiwfor# pm;csifwmawG tukefvdkuf
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wa,muf// tckvJ ygvmjyef&&Smol// rsufrSef}uD;u w0if;0if;eJ@// pmrzwf pmra&;wJhtcgrsKd;rSmawmh
rsufrSefrwyf//
tjrJwrf;rsufrSefwyfxm;&±Hkru/ rsufrSef}uD;uvJ rSefbDvl;eD;yg;txleJ@/ 'gawmifaumif;aumif;
=unf=unf vifvifjrif[efrwlou l awmh OD;av;OD;xGe;f jrif}h u;D ygy/J / olu ykord o f m;// ykord rf mS “xGe;f jrifh
pmay”qdkwJh pmtkyfqdkifzGifh+yD;vmcJhol/ pmtkyfqdkif&Sif// +yD;awmh EdkifiHa&;orm;a[mif;wOD;// vGwfvyf
a&;acwfO;D uwnf;u axmifusz;l ol// emrnfausmo f m,m0wDaxmifxr_}uD;acwfwek ;f uawmif ygz;l
ovdkvdk// OD;av;OD;xGef;jrifh}uD;uawmh a&aEG;awG wzl;zl;r_wfaomufaew,f//
rsurf eS }f uD;eJ@yjJ zpfwhJ OD;ausmjf rifu h awmh ol@tusu ô kd vufEpS zf ufe@J uikd +f yD;/ y,fy,fe,fe,f aphaph
pyfpyf pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf oef;}uD;rppfqifa&;udk vkyfaew,f// tjyifrSmwkef;u b,favmufoef@&Sif;a&;
óuu d óf uu d /f b,favmufoef@&iS ;f atmifaeae/ use;f rma&;todawG owdawG b,favmufy&J &dS /dS 'DxrJ mS
oef;}uD;r rwG,o f rl &S/d / oef;}uD;r ruyforl &Sd // oef;}uD;r}uD;awGuvJ }uD;rS}uD;/ aygraS yg // a&00rcsK;d &
qyfjymaumif;aumif;rok;H &vd@k wifru/ t0wfaumif;aumif;rzGy&f / oef@&iS ;f a&;aumif;aumif; rvkyf
&vdk@wifru/ taqmifrSmtusOf;om;aygif;pkH tr_aygif;pkHuvlawGeJ@ twlwGJae&awmh/ reufvif;
0if;wifhxGef; 113
tvky}f u;D rxGucf if ol@txkyf ud, k t hf xkyf t0wfxyk af ygi;f pku H kd wae&mwnf;rSmyJ tyk}H u;D wykx H t J jzpf
pkypHk x
k yfxm;cJ&h awmh/ vlwum&J@oef;}uD;rawGu rul;csirf t S qk;H // oef;}uD;rrsm; ul;vl;ayguyf mG ;jzef@csd
jyef@E@HS ap+yD;om; tvdv k jkd zpfomG ;w,f// ae@vnftm;&if oef;}uD;r&Sm/ oef;}uD;rppfqifa&;vky?f rvkyEf ikd f
&if r=umrD0aJ wGayguzf @kd aocsmoavmufjzpfomG +yD? OD;av;OD;ausmjf rifu h [oFmwxl;}uD;om;/ olvJ
EdkifiHa&;orm;a[mif;}uD;wOD;// ol@nDawmfarmifwa,mufuawmh rqv v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
wa,mufvv kd kd bmvdv k akd jymoH=um;zl;w,f// 'gawG odvrJ odcsiaf wmh/ aoaocsmcsm ar;zl;jref;zl;jcif;
vJr&Sd // Edik if aH &;,k=H unfcsuq f wkd m nDtudak rmifErS t&if;jzpfayrJh wlcsirf S wlwwf=uwm/ jy'g;wvrf;
oHwvrf;jzpfaewwf=uwmawG trsm;}uD;//
usaemf OD;av;wdk@0dkif;xJ 0ifxdkifrdjyD;csdef r=umrDrSmyJ udkpdk;0if;}uD;wa,muf ðyH;ðyH; ðyH;ðyH;eJ@0ifvm
w,f//
vufxrJ mS csnv f ;Hk av;eJ@/ wpkw H ckukd Zmxd;k yef;xd;k vky&f if;wef;vef;// xd;k xm;+y;D om;av;u wd;k vd@k
wGJvJwydkif;wpeJ@// rsufrSef0dkif;av;vdkvdk bmvdkvdk// bm&,fvdk@yDyDoo ykHray:ao;//
“ armifpdk;0if; æbmxdk;aewmvJ/ rif;[muæ”
rsurf eS }f uD;yif&h if; OD;av;OD;jrpdeu f ar;vdu k af wmh/ Adv
k Zf ifaumhu [D;ceJ toHxu G af tmif &Dw,f?
usaemfuvJ pdwf0ifwpm; vSrf;=unfhaerdw,f// udkpdk;0if;}uD;uvJ oGm;jzJ}uD;eJ@ðyH;aew,f//
“ 'Daumif ol@red ;f r raX;zd@k b,mpD,mxd;k aewmOD;av;&/ csnef @J x;kd wJh Zmxd;k yef;xd;k b,mpD,m
av/ 'Dxo J rl sm;awGu óud;ykw;D wd@k bmwd@k x;kd =uw,f/ oluawmh æ t[D;” Adv k Zf ifaumh ajym&if;ajym
&if; &Daew,f//
tJ'aD wmhrS usaemfvJ ol@x;kd vufp wd;k vd@k wef;vef; wydik ;f wpyk=H urf;av;vSr;f =unfrh &d if; oabm
aygufoGm;rdw,f// wu,fudk =uH=uHzefzefpdwful;//
“a[haumif æ rif;[mu raX;uaum 0wfrSmvm;/ +yD;awmh æ twdkif;rod txGmrodeJ@uGm”
AdkvfZifaumh}uD;u &D&Darmarmajymawmh æ
“ Advk Zf ifaumhuvJ/ ud, k rhf ed ;f rtwdik ;f / ud,
k vhf ufu ud, k [ hf mud, k f od+y;D om;aygh ”wJ?h udpk ;dk 0if;&J@
ajzvdu k yf [ Hk m vl}u;D awGtm;vk;H ðy;H pdpd jzpfomG ;&ovdk usaemfvðJ y;H vdu k rf ad wmhw,f? tJ'v D kd 0dik ;f zG@J &aD rm
ae=uwkef;rSmyJ æ
“ tm;vkH; em;axmifa[h ” qdkwJh toH}uD;woH us,fus,favmifavmifxGufvmw,f//
tm;vkH;em;pGifh+yD;om; jzpfoGm;w,f//
“ axmif0ifpma[h æaxmif0ifpm/”
tm;vk;H oufjyif;ud, k pf D csvu kd rf =d u&if; pdw0f ifpm;pGm ar#mv f ifjh cif;}uD;pGmjzifh em;axmifaevdu k rf d
=ujyefw,f// tm;vkH;em;axmifa[h æqdkjyD;/ trdef hay;oHvdkvdk =oZmoHvdkvdktjynfheJ@tay:pD;uae
ajymqdkvdkufwJhtoHawGxJrSmawmh 'DtoH[m em;axmif&wm em;qif&wm taumif;qkH;toH//
tm;vkH;tm;vkH;u b,folurS rausreyfrjzpfrdwJhtoH// wwfEdkif&if 'Dvdktay:pD;utoHrsKd;awmh
wae@tacgufw&m vm+yD;ajymajym/ b,folurS ròidrjiif r=unfrjzL rjzpfrdwJhtoH//
“ pdk;0if; æ/ awG@vdkol æraX;”
“ wif0if; ac: AdkvfZifaumh æ/ awG@vdkol æ rjrpdef”
114 0if;wifhxGef;
(10)bkwf/ (14)a,muf
toHu 'DrmS yJ&yfomG ;w,f// aemufxyf xyfac:oHr=um;&awmh// emrnf&w
G o
f rH ygawmh// ukeo
f mG ;
+yD//
udpk ;kd 0if;u Adv
k Zf ifaumhukd ðyH;ðyH;}uD;=unf&h if; cyfou
G o
f u
G f rwfwyf&yfvu
kd w
f ,f// +yD;awmh ESpOf ;D
om;ðyH;ðyH;}uD; cyfoGufoGufeJ@rajy;±kHwr,f xGufoGm;=uwmudkvJ usaemfwdk@tm;vkH;u yDwdawGeJ@
=unfhaevdkuf=urdw,f// // Ò
0if;wifx
h eG ;f
0if;wifhxGef; 115
0if;wifx
h eG ;f
ud,
k af &;tusO;f
1954 Zefe0g&DzGm;?
ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f / a&$bòkd rd@e,f/ awm&Gmw&GmrSm arG;zGm;w,f?
1973 ckEpS rf mS rd;k a0r*~Zif;uae uAsmjzifh pmayavmu
twGif; w&m;0ifa&muf&Sdw,f?
1973 rS 1988 twGif; rkd;a0/ aomif;ajymif; axGvm/
jrwfav;r*~Zif;wk@d rmS uAsm/ 0wˆKwdk oa&mfpmawGa&;cJw h ,f?
yxrqkH;vkH;csif;pmtkyf[m uAsmpmtkyf? q&mwifrkd;eJ@
!Ge@f =uL;wk@d trSma&;om;ay;=uwJh vk;H csi;f uAsm&Snpf mtky?f
“ Edk;aeaom vuFmonf ” (1980 jynfhESpfxkwf) jzpf (6) wkdufrSm
w,f? avmuf u kdufwm cHzl;ovm;
1982 rS 1986 txd EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tjzpf yk'fr ESifh
5§neJ@ tif;pdeaf xmif/ om,m0wDaxmifw@dk rmS aecJ&h w,f? tjcm; axmif 0wˆKwdkrsm;
&Spfav;vkH;ta&;awmfykHtwGif; ppftpdk;&udkqef@usif
uef@uu G cf =hJ uwJh pmaytEkynm&Sirf sm;vufrw S af &;xd;k uef@uu
G v
f m$ wif&mrSm yg0if vuf
rSwfa&;xdk;cJhw,f? ta&;awmfykH}uD;twGif; pme,fZif;or*~ (,m,D)rSm omreftzGJ@0if
tjzpf yg0ifw,f?
Ekid if aH &;ygwaD wGay:ayguv f mwJt h cg jynfo@l w;kd wufa&;ygw/D A[kad umfrwDtwGi;f a&;
rª;tzG@J 0if(1)/ ygwzD suo f rd ;f cH&+yD;0&rf;ajy;wJth cg rE aW v;rSma&;om;xkwaf 0jzpfcw hJ hJ pmtkyf
uawmh “ 1350 jynfh ta&;awmfykH” (vkH;csif;uAsmpmtkyf)eJ@ “e0wppftpdk;&. vl@tcGifh
ta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm; (1990) ” wkd@jzpfw,f?
jynfyudka&mufvm+yD;aemuf a&;om;xkwfa0jzpfcJhwJh pmtkyfawG uawmh æ
1? cGyfa'gif;wkd@&J@wGefusL;oH ( uAsmpmtkyf/ wuUodkvfpdef&wktxdrf;trSwf Auou
xkwf/ 1995)
2? a&$vDrSm oduQmESpfxyfeJ@vl (uAsm/ 1996)
3? axmifpka[mif;udk EkwfqufaxmifpkopftwGuftóud æ (uAsmpmtkyf/ Edk0ifbm/
2000 jynfhESpf)
4? oHwdkif=um;aºuGoGm;&wJh =u,fpifawG (±kyfykHv$mpum;ajy/=o*kwfv/ 2001)
rd;k óud;/ acwfòydi/f a'gi;f tk;d a0/ opPm pwJh pmapmifr*~Zif;*sme,fawGrmS vJ uAsm/ 0wˆK/
aqmif;yg;av;awGa&;aew,f? a&;cJhw,f?
116 0if;wifhxGef;

(၆) တိုက္မွာ ေလာက္ကိုက္တာ ခံဖူးသလားႏွင္႔ အျခားေထာင္ဝတၳဳတိုမ်ား

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(၆) တိုက္မွာ ေလာက္ကိုက္တာ ခံဖူးသလားႏွင္႔ အျခားေထာင္ဝတၳဳတိုမ်ား

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