Skop dan

peranan/sumbangan
kerja sosial dalam
penjagaan kesihatan

Kuliah 2
 Referrals
1. Most patients are referred by their attending
physician.
2. Patients can refer themselves
3. Patients may be referred by family member
& friend.
4. Referrals from other hospitals /community
agencies with prior knowledge of the patient.
 Compulsory / Automatic Referrals
1. Unmarried mothers
2. Adoptions
3. Abandoned babies
4. Abused / neglected children
5. Domestic Violent victims (abused / battered
spouse).
 The Kind of Problems Dealt With
Includes:-
1. Physically disabled
2. Mentally handicapped
3. Mentally ill
4. Women & girls in moral danger
5. Battered spouse
6. Adoption
7. Care of elderly / abandoned
8. Rape
9. Abused / neglected children
10. Unmarried mothers
11. Placement in Institution
12. Financial aid for implants & prosthesis
13. Geriatric with psychosocial problems
14. Immediate financial assistance
15. HIV Positive / AIDS
Carta Aliran Pengendalian Kes
Terima rujukan dr pakar/Peg. Perubatan
.

Penilaian Psikososial
- Temubual
- Perbincangan dgn
k/tangan perubatan
- Lawatan ke rumah

Maklumat & Rujukan Kes

- Maklumat kpd pesakit / keluarga
- Rujukan kes ke GO’s & NGO’s melalui:
1. Laporan sosial / surat
2. Perbincangan / telefon
3. Mesyuarat / rundingan
 Intervensi Psikososial
Bantuan Praktis:-
1. Kewangan (saraaan/tambang.wang runcit)
2. Pembelian peralatan / implan & prostesis
3. Kemasukan ke Institusi
4. Perkhidmatan rumah Perantaraan
5. Bantuan am (pampasan SOCSO, KWSP, Perskolahan dll.

Bantuan Sokongan Sosial

1. Sokongan emosi/motivasi/ khidmat nasihat & rundingan
2. Kaunseling: Individu, Keluarga & kelompok
3. Susulan Kes / Follow up
 “ Man has four basic requirements ….
Philosophical adjustment, psychological
tolerance, sociological security &
Religious integration.”
Liebman J.L. (1966)
 Roles & Functions
I. Patients care : Direct service to patients &
families
1.) Direct service to patient & families:-
a) psychosocial evaluation
b) interview
c) Counseling & guidance (supportive
therapy)
d) Practical Assistance
e) Social Casework
 f) social group work service
g) liaison work
h) home visits
i) Discharge planning
j) Placement (Institutions)

 Interview / counseling / guidance

- is principal tool utilized to obtain
pertinent & meaningful data for the social case
history & a progressive case study to aid
in diagnosis & treatment…
 - MSW should have high degree of self-
awareness & objectivity 0n the use of
social work principles, concepts,
philosophy & ethics & the personal /
professional competence.
 MSWs collaborate with the multidisciplinary team
in assessing resources such as:-
- Exploring available resources in the community
- Accessing support system
- Assessing the needs for hospital & home:-
- Searching for financial resources
- Referrals to home care / hospice programs
- Providing lodging / halfway house.
- Assisting with transportation
- Providing information & referral services
- Finding pathways to problem solving.
 Practical Assistance
- To serve for patients having difficulty with payment of
hospital charges, buying of implants & prosthesis &
placement for institution & problems supporting
themselves financially on account of illness.

 Liaison Work
- A considerable amount of correspondence & liaison
work at inter & intra agencies, individuals, GOs &
NGO’s is needed to facilitate resources available in
community for the benefit of the patients.
 Home Visit
- To confirm diagnosis
- To provide social & emotional support
- Family education
- Follow up / supervision
- For social investigation & assessment of needs
 Discharge Planning
- Needs & resources of pts on returning home
- Balancing the needs of pts. & careers with available
resources.
- Quality of care for treatment, rehabilitation & end of
life.
- A therapeutic process & function for a planned post
hospitalization care.
 Social Casework
- Involves the study of the interaction between the
individual’s biological, psychological & social
experience.
- To help patients deal with simple to complex problems
during hospitalization & treatment.
- Serves as a guide in the MSW clinical intervention & as
a comprehensive & realistic information for medical
team.
 Goals Of Social Casework
 Restorative

- To assist. pt. & family to identify, resolve or

minimize problems arising from the crisis
illness.

 Development
- to identify & strengthen the maximum potential of
the patient, his family, significant others & his
environment.

 Preventive
- to identify potential problem areas bet. the pt., his
family or environment (hospital/community) to
prevent further occurrence of dysfunction.
 Promotive
- to familiarize pts. & family members about health
& psychosocial knowledge leading to a wholesome
& healthy life.

 Rehabilitative
- to assist pts. & family members in regaining
emotional, social & economic equilibrium during
confinement and / or after discharge.
II) Consultative & advisory service
III) Teamwork
IV) Education & training for professional
development
V) Research & development
VI) Specific Services
EG:
 Hospital Voluntary Services

 Hospital Board of Visitors

 Hospital Management Committee

 Lodging / Half Way House.

 Comprehensive health care (Weinerman):-
‘ the organized provision of health services to family
groups, including a full spectrum of services from
prevention to rehabilitation, continuity of care for
the individual, emphasis upon the social &
personal aspects of disease & its management, use
of the health team concept including personal
physician responsibility & coordination of the
diverse elements of modern scientific medical
practice’.
 Specific services to be included in
comprehensive-care programs (American
Public Health Association):-
1. Health education & preventive services.
2. Primary health care
3. Specialist care
4. Hospitalization in short-term general hospitals.
5. Laboratory, radiological & other special
diagnostic examinations
6. Ambulatory mental health service
7. Prescribed drugs
8. Suitable alternatives to care in a general hospital
(skilled nursing homes or organized home care
programs but not solely custodial in purpose)
9. Radiation therapy
10. Dental care exclusive of purely cosmetic
11. Rehabilitation service including physical,
occupational speech therapy.
12. Vision care including eye glasses
13. prosthetic appliances
14. Ambulance services
15. Medical social services.
 The basic professional objectives & purposes
of s. work as listed by Pincus & Minahan are
supportive of health care goals aimed at
achieving comprehensive health care:-
1. Social workers enhance the problem-solving
capacities of people when they participate in
comprehensive health care programs that assist
patients & family with the social aspects of
illness, disability, & recovery.
2. Social workers have long served as linkages
for entry into the health care systems. They
also coordinate programs of comprehensive
health & social care. In outreach programs social
workers increase access to health facilities
through health education programs & the use of
trained indigenous workers.
3. Social workers in comprehensive health care
programs also promote effective & humane
operation of health care systems. Social
workers were among the first leaders to assist in
the development of ombudsman programs for
hospitals & nursing homes.
4. S.W’s in health care have demonstrated their
ability to contribute to the analysis &
improvement of social policy & program
development. S. Work studies of effectiveness
of home health services provide important
research findings for policy decisions. Eg:
studies of health the health indexes of poor &
their access to health services.
 Basic Premises of S.W. practice in health:-
1. Social, cultural, & economic conditions have a
significant & measurable effect on both health
status & illness prevention & recovery. A
growing body of research suggests positive
relationship between these variables & the
development of illness conditions.
2. Illness-related behaviors, whether perceived or
actual, frequently disrupt personal or family
equilibrium & coping abilities.

3. Medical treatment alone is often incomplete, &

occasionally impossible to render, without
accompanying social support & counseling
services.
4. Problems in access to and appropriate utilization
of health services are sufficiently endemic to our
health care delivery system as to require
concerted community action & institutional
innovation.

5. Multiprofessional health team collaboration on

selected individual & community health
problems is an effective approach to solving
complex socio-medical problems.