You are on page 1of 16

1.

Kurt Lewin and Friends


2. Burke Litwin Model
 Transactional first order change
 Transformational Second Order Change
1. Nature of open systems
2. Nadler’s congruence model
3. Socio technical systems and open systems planning
4. Open systems thinking
o Org. are open systems
o Open systems are input-throughput-output
systems delineated with permeable boundaries

Sources of
energy- input throughput output users
mtrl, inf,hr
o All organizations comprised of two interdependent
systems – social system & technical system
o To achieve high productivity the organization must
optimize both systems

o Scanning the env to determine the expectations of


external org and stakeholders
o Developing scenarios of possible futures both
realistic and ideal
o Developing action plans to ensure that desirable
future occurs
o Required for creating learning organizations
according to peter senge
o To effectively cope with rapidly changing env
demands
o The five disciplines given by senge in this
reference are:
o Personal mastery
o Mental models
o Building shared vision
o Team learning
o Systems thinking
 Specially created org structures for planning and
guiding change programs
 It is a ‘suppl org’ co-existing with the formal
organization
 Introduced by Dale Zand to deal with ‘ill-
structured’ problems the formal org is unable to
solve
 Are a vehicle for learning how to change the
systems and then leading the change process
o Three strategies of change given by Chin &
Benne
o Rational – Empirical
o Normative – Re-educative
o Power - Coercive
 Participation and Empowerment
 Teams and teamwork

 Applied Behavior Science

 Action Research

You might also like