Submitted By: Sukhpreet Kaur

Roll No.: 538/07

PROGRAMMING LOGIC
CONTROLLERS (PLC)
History of PLC
 First PLC was designed & developed by Modicon as
a relay replacer for GM & Landis.
 These controllers eliminated the need for rewiring
and adding additional hardware for each new
configuration of logic.
 The first PLC, model 084, was invented by Dick
Morley in 1969.
 The successful PLC, the 184, was introduced in
1973 designed by Michael Greenberg.
Definition of PLC
 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an
electronic device which is designed to automate the
process.
 It is universally applied for factory automation,
process control & manufacturing systems.
 It is a control hardware used industrial automation.
Need for PLC
 Hardwired panels were very time consuming to time,
debug & change
 The following requirements for computer controllers
to replace hardwired panels
1.Solid state not mechanical.
2.Easy to modify input & output devices
3.Be able to function in an industrial environment.
Components of PLC
1.Processor
2.Memory unit
3.Power supply
4.Isolated I/O
5.Expansion port
6.Communication port
Parts of PLC
 Power supply:- PLC need 24V DC power supply for its working. This PLC
get either from internal power supply or external source. SMPS is used.
 MCU:- It is a processor of PLC.
 I/P & O/P:- PLC has a set of isolated input & output.
 Expansion port:- In some PLC we have an expansion port which is used
for addition of either input or output port.
 Memory module:- It is provided to store program. Beside this an external
module is also provide which serves as backup in case of fault.
 Communication port:- This is used to communicate with computer. It may
be com port or ethernet.
 Display:- in some PLC we have display LCD or LED indicator.
PLC Advantages
 Less and simple wiring.
 Increased reliability.
 More flexibility.
 Faster response.
 Communication capability
PLC Disadvantages
 PLC devices are proprietry, which means that parts
and software from one manufacture can’t easily be
used in combination with parts of another
manufacture, which limits the design and cost
options.
PLC Applications
 Originally hardwired arrays of relays were used to
control the operation of heavy machines that contain
motors and other high power devices.
 PLCs were originally used to substitute the switching
relay networks used in industrial applications, but
now they can also be usedto implement other tasks
such as timing, delaying, counting,calculating,
comparing and processing of analog signals.
Serial No. Information
Features
 Preconfigured 1K programming and data memory:- Help ease
configuration (bit, integers, timer, counters)
 Fast Processing:- allows for typical throughput time of 1.5ms
for a 500 instruction program.
 Built in EEPROM memory:- retains all of your ladder logic and
data if the controller loses power, eliminating the need for
battery back-up or separate memory module.
 RS-232 communication cable:- allows for simple connectivity to
a personal computer for program upload, download and
monitoring using multiple protocols including DF1 full duplex.
Panel of 1000 (1764-LIOBXB)
Panel of 1100 Micrologic
 Timers
 Timers are used to perform the timing
operations.
 Time base is the minimum value of time
in second that can be taken by timer.
 Preset value is the total number of
seconds for which the timing operation is
done.
 Accumulator starts increasing the time in
seconds upto the preset value.
 Upto the preset value of accumulator the
enable bit of timer is high and the timer
runs.
 When accumulator reaches the preset
value then the timer stops and the done
bit of timer becomes high.
Timer bits
 EN- Enable- This bit will high when the input is given to the
timer

 TT - Timer timing bit - This bit will be high during the timing
process.

 DN – Done – This bit will be high when the timing process is

ended
Counters
 Counters are used to count the
number of operations.
 Its function is same as the timer
excepts that the timer counts the
number of seconds and the counter
counts the number of operations or
pulses
 At each operation the value of
the accumulator increases and
when the value of the accumulator
comes to the preset value of the
counter then the counter stops
Limit
 This command is used to drive
an output within a specified
range of time.
 In this instruction we have to
give the two values. One is
lower limit & other is high limit.
 Lower limit is the value of time
after this instruction will be true
& high limit is the max value
upto which this instruction
remains high.
Reset
 This instruction is used to reset
the program after the necessary
operations have been performed
 The address to this instruction is
given as the same as the
counter/timer whose operation is
to be reset.
Ladder logic
 Ladder logic is mainly used
for PLC programming.
 Ladder logic programming is
different from other methods
of programming.
 In this we have to mage
logics as per the
requirements & have to
implement them.
 In ladder logic at the left
hand side there is input and
at the right side there is
output and in between the
control components are
used.
Simple ladder logic
Program of Timer
 Make a program in which a timer is used with three output
 During first 5 sec the first output is turn on
 During the 6 to 10 sec second output is on
 During the 11 to 20 sec third output is on
 After 20 sec the timer is reset