CURRICULUM

OF
TEXTILE ENGINEERING
FOR
B.E./B.Sc.

(Revised 2003)

HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION

H-9, ISLAMABAD

1
 CURRICULUM DIVISION
Prof. Dr. Altaf Ali G. Shaikh
Mr. Muhammad Younas
Malik Ghulam Abbas
Miss Ghayyur Fatima
Mr. M. Shabbir Baig
Mr. Tahir Ali Shah
Mrs. Noshaba Awais
Composed by Ghafoor Ahmad, HEC, Regional Centre, Lahore
2
Director General (Curriculum)
Director Curriculum
Deputy Director
Research Associate
Curriculum Officer
Assistant Director
Assistant Director
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No. Detail Page No.

1. INTRODUCTION 7
2. SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR B.E/B.Sc. 8
3. DETAIL OF COURSES OF B.E/B.Sc. 10
4. RECOMMENDATIONS 60

3
 PREFACE
Curriculum of a subject is said to be the throbbing pulse of a nation. By
looking at the curriculum of a subject, one can judge the state of intellectual
development and the state of progress of a nation. The world has turned into a
global village, new ideas and information are pouring in a constant stream. It is,
therefore, imperative to update our curricula by introducing the recent
developments in the relevant fields of knowledge.

In exercise of the powers conferred by Sub-section (1) of section 3 of

the Federal Supervision of Curricula Textbooks and Maintenance of Standards
of Education Act 1976, the Federal Government vide Notification No.D773/76-
JEA (Cur.), dated December 4, 1976, appointed Higher Education Commission
as the Competent Authority to look after the Curriculum Revision Work beyond
Class XII at Bachelor level and onwards to all Degrees, Certificates and
Diplomas awarded by Degree Colleges, Universities and other Institutions of
higher education.

In pursuance of the above decisions and directives, the Commission is

continually performing curriculum revision in collaboration with the Universities.
According to the decision of the 44th Vice-Chancellors’ Committee, curriculum of
a subject must be reviewed after every 3 years. For the purpose, various
Committees are constituted at the national level comprising senior teachers
nominated by the Universities. Teachers from local degree colleges and experts
from user organizations, where required, are also included in these Committees.
The National Curriculum Revision Committee on Textile Engineering
in its meeting held in July 29-31, 2003 at the Higher Education Commission,
Regional Centre, Lahore finalized the draft curriculum of Textile Engineering for
B.E./B.Sc after due consideration of the comments and suggestions received
from the Universities and Colleges where the subject under consideration is
taught.

The Final draft prepared by the Curriculum Revision Committee duly

approved by competent authority is being circulated for implementation by the
Universities.

(PROF. DR. ALTAF ALI G. SHAIKH)

DIRECTOR GENERAL (CURRICULUM)
November 2003

4
5
INTRODUCTION
The final meeting of National Curriculum Revision Committee in Textile
Engineering was held from 29-31 July, 2003 at Higher Education Commission,
Regional Centre, Lahore to revise and update the draft curriculum developed in
the first meeting held from 07-09th January, 2003. The Following attended the
meeting:

1. Prof. Dr.Mumtaz Hassan Malik , Convener

Director,
National Textile University, Faisalabad.

2. Syed Badaruddin Hashmi Member

Department of Textile Engineering
NED University of Engg. & Tech, Karachi,

3. Dr. Muhammad Rafique Jhatial, Member/Secretary

Department of Textile Engineering ,
Mehran University of Engg. & Tech.,
Jamshoro

Meeting started with recitation from the Holy Quran.

Mr. Muhammad Riaz Cheema, Director, Higher Education Commission,

Regional Centre, Lahore welcomed the participants on behalf of Chairman,
Higher Education Commission.

Mr. Muhammad Tahir Ali Shah, Assistant Director Curriculum, Higher

Education Commission, Islamabad briefed the committee about the obligations
of the Higher Education Commission for revision of curricula of all subjects
taught at graduate and post graduate levels in the universities and affiliated
colleges in the country. He also presented the guidelines set by Dr. S. Sohail H.
Naqvi, (Member HRD & SP), HEC for preparation of curriculum in the light of
deliberations of the conference on Curricula of Engineering disciplines at Higher
Education Commission, Islamabad in May, 2003 to meet the requirements of
industry as user organizations. He further requested the members to include
latest books in the final curriculum.

The committee agreed to recommend the following scheme of studies for

BE/BSc Textile Engineering and give its recommendations:

6
 SCHEME OF STUDIES
FOR
BE/BSc TEXTILE ENGINEERING
First Year

S.No. Course Title Credit Hours

Theory Practical
First Semester
1 Introduction to Textile Engineering 03 00
2 Engineering Drawing 02 01
3 Workshop Practice 00 02
4 Applied Chemistry 03 01
5 Pakistan Studies 02 00
Total 10 + 4 = 14
Second Semester
1 Textile Engineering Materials - I 02 00

2 Applied Physics 03 01
3 Mathematics 03 00
4 English 03 00
5 Islamic Studies 02 00
Total 13 + 1 =14

Second Year

S.No. Course Title Credit Hours

Theory Practical
Third Semester
1 Textile Engineering Materials – II 02 00
2 Fundamental Spinning Engineering 02 01
3 Electrical Engineering 03 01
4 Electronic Engineering 03 01
5 Communication Skills 03 00
Total 13 + 3 =16
Fourth Semester
1 Fundamental Weaving Engineering 03 01
2 Pre-treatment of Textiles 03 01
3 Textile Mechanics 03 01
4 Fibre Science 02 01
5 Thermodynamics 02 01
6 Production Management 02 00
Total 15+ 05 =20

7
 Third Year

S.No. Course Title Credit Hrs

Theory Practical

Fifth Semester
1 Yarn Manufacturing Engineering 03 01
2 Fabric Manufacturing Engineering 03 01
3 Mechanism of Textile Machines 03 01
4 Textile Testing and Quality Control – I 03 01
5 Dye Stuff Chemistry 02 01
6 Industrial Internship 00 00
Total 14 + 5 = 19

Sixth Semester
1 Wet processing Engineering 03 01
2 Textile Machine Design 02 00
3 Automation and Control Engineering 03 00
4 Fluid Mechanics 03 01
5 Industrial Engineering 03 00
6 Introduction to Computers and 02 01
Programming
Total 16 + 3 = 19

Fourth Year
S.No. Course Title Credit Hrs
Theory Practical

Seventh Semester
1 Advance Textile Engineering 03 01
2 Textile Mill Planning 03 00
3 Textile Testing and Quality Control – II 03 01
4 Manufacturing of Manmade Fibres 03 00
5 Air Conditioning in Textile Industry 02 00
14 + 02 = 16
Total
Eighth Semester
1 Environmental Engineering 03 01
2 Maintenance Engineering 03 01
3 Co lour Physics 02 00
4 Textile Marketing 02 00
5 Graduation Thesis 00 04
Total 10 + 6 = 16

Grand Total 134 Cr.Hrs.

8
 DETAIL OF COURSES
First Year
First Semester

1. INTRODUCTION TO TEXTILE ENGINEERING 3-0

General Introduction
Brief history of textile, Scope of textile in Pakistan, Current survey of textile mills
in Pakistan, Present and future status of textile industry in Pakistan.

Textile Raw Materials

Mostly used textile raw materials and their sources. Nature and classification of
textile raw materials.

Cotton Ginning
Detailed description of ginning factories. Important factors affecting ginning
efficiency and quality.

Spinning
Brief study of short staple spinning mills. Main departments, machines and the
products of a spinning mill.

Weaving
Brief study of weaving mills. Main departments, machines and the products of a
weaving mill.

Wet Processing
Brief study of textile dyeing and printing mills. Main departments, machines and
the products of dyeing and printing mills.

Textile Made-ups
Brief study of home textiles and apparel manufacturing units. Main departments,
machines, products and accessories of textile made-up units

Recommended Books
1. Corbman B.P., Textiles: Fibre to Fabric 6th Edition McGraw-Hill, New
York, 1983.
2. Pizzuto J. J., Fabric Science, Fourth Edition, Fairchild Publications, New
York, 1985.
3. Miller E., Textiles: Properties and Behaviour in Clothing Use, B T Batsford
Ltd London, 1984.
9
2. ENGINEERING DRAWING 2-1

Drawing equipment and the use of instruments, Basic drafting techniques and
standards. Geometrical curves including plane curves, cycloid, hypocycloid, and
the Involutes.

Intersections at various positions of geometrical bodies such as prisms,

pyramids, cylinders and cones.

Freehand sketching of machine and engine components, locking arrangements,

foundation bolts, stuffing box, shaft couplings, foot-step bearing, pulleys, engine
connecting rod.

Concept of working drawing of component parts of machines and engines, Size,

description, dimensions, and specifications, limit dimensioning, and geometric
tolerance, limits fits and tolerances, conventional symbols.

Sectioning of machine and engine components, orthographic projections and

standard particles.

Isometric views with particular reference to piping and ducting.

LAB
Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1 A First Year Engineering Drawing, by A. C. Parkinson
2 Elementary Engineering Drawing by N. D. Butt
3 Engineering Drawing by T. T. French & C. J. Vierck
4 Practical Geometry and Graphics by W Abbot.

3. WORKSHOP PRACTICE 0-2

Bench Fitting
Description, proper use, maintenance of fitting tools e.g. the bench vices,
hammers, files, saws, chisels, punches, blow torches etc. Use and care of
measuring instruments e.g. micrometers, vernier callipers, gauges etc.
Measurement of flatness, squareness, roundness, concentricity. Angled
measurement. Use of marking out tools. Angle plate, v-blocks, parallel
strips, spirit levels etc. Preparation of some specific jobs using the above.

10
Forging
Hand forging: Use and maintenance of forging tolls, the forge, hammers,
chisels, filters, sewages, punches, drifts tong etc. Preparation of
specific jobs using forge welding. Use of power hammers, drop. Dress
forging and riveting.

Wood Working
Use and care of wood working tools; clamps, saws, files, chisels, drills bits.
Plaining, nailing, screwing, jointing etc. Use and care of natural wood,
chipboard, plywood, hard board etc.

Metal Forming
Cold working processes for sheet metals, e.g. pressing, stamping, embossing,
drawing bending, piercing etc. Use of common presses and dies.

Foundry Practice
Bench and floor sand casting, sand and blinders, sand
conditioning. Moulding tools, flasks, boards, spruces, cutters, rammers,
blows brushes vent pins, trowels, spoons etc. Preparation and care
of patterns. Metal melting and pouring.

Safety and Care

Precautions necessary in many shops, machine accidents, electrical

accidents, heat and fire accidents, materials handling accidents. General
cleanliness of shop, proper apparels.

Practical/Laboratory Work

Practice in all the above shops. Theoretical background may be provided in

the beginning of the practical classes.

Recommended Books

1. Workshop Technology, 3 parts. By W.A.J. Chapman, Arnold

2. Wood Working Fundamental. By W.D. Wolansky.McGraw-Hill
3. General Engg. Workshop Practice. By Odham

11
4. APPLIED CHEMISTRY 3-1

Water
Properties, sources and impurities of water. Hard water types. Removal of
hardness. Effect of water impurities on textile processing. Boiler feed water.
Effects of water impurities on boiler.

Solutions
Physical properties. Surface tension, Surfactants. Index and its importance.
Chemical equilibrium, Le-chatelier’s principle and its industrial application.
Equilibrium law, law of mass action. Detail study of chemical kinetics.

Electro & Surface Chemistry

Electrolysis and conductivity of electrolytes. Faraday’s laws of electrolysis,
Absorption and adsorption chromatography.

Acids, Bases and other Chemicals

Properties and applications of H2SO4, HCl, HNO3 acids, NaOH, lime Ca(OH) 2,
NH3, Na2Co3, Na2SiO3 bases, oxidizing and reducing agents in textile
processing.

Oils and Fats

Compositions, characteristics and applications of important oils, fats and waxes.

Chemical Kinetics
Definition. Order of reaction and molecular, rate of chemical reaction. First,
second and third order reaction. Reversible reaction. Specific rate constant.
Determining the order of reaction.

Alkyl halides
Reactions (chemistry of SN1, SN2, E1 and E2 reactions) and synthesis of different
compounds. Properties of alkyl halides.

LAB
Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1. Physical Chemistry by F. Hussain
2. Physical Chemistry by G. Nabi
3. A Text Book of Physical Chemistry by S. Glasstone
4. A Text Book of Engineering Chemistry by S.S.Dara
12
5. A Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry by Partington
6. A Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry by M.Z.Iqbal A.M. Qureshi
7. Essentials of Physical Chemistry by B.S.Bahl, G.D.Tuli, Arum Bahl
8. Chemical Testing & Analysis by E.B. Jones
9. Organic Chemistry by Ghulam Rasool Choudary

5. PAKISTAN STUDIES 2-0

Pakistan's Ideology
Definition and explanation in light of Allama Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam's
sayings. Aims and objectives for establishment of Pakistan. Formation of
muslim supremacy in the sub-continent and attempts for gaining the lost
glory.

The Religious Reformist

Shaikh Ahmed Sirhandi, Shah Wali-Ullah and others.

Land of Pakistan
Geophysical conditions, territorial situation and its importance. Natural
resources, e.g. minerals, water etc.

Constitutional Process
Early efforts to make constitution. Problem and issues, constitution of 1956
and its abrogation. Constitution 1962 and its annulment. Constitutional and
political crisis of 1971. The constitution of 1973. Recent constitutional
developments.

Post Independence development

Education in Pakistan. Planning and development in the field of education.
Development of science and technology with especial reference to
engineering and architecture. Brief survey of Pakistan economy, industrial
and agricultural development. Internal and external trades. Economic
planning and prospects.

Cultural Development in Pakistan

Definition, contents and contributing factors in culture, development of art,
philosophy and literature.

Foreign Policy
Relations with neighbours, super powers and the Muslim world

13
Second Semester

1. TEXTILE ENGINEERING MATERIALS – I 2-0

Textile Fibers
Definitions and classifications of textile fibers.

Vegetable Fibers
Cotton: introduction of cotton and its types. Cultivation, harvesting, picking of
cotton. Structure of cotton fibre. Physical, chemical properties and end uses of
cotton fiber. Varieties of Pakistani cotton. Cotton grading.
Bast fibres: Fibers such as Jute, Flax, Ramie etc., their production and
processing. Fibre properties and uses.
Leaf fibers: Fiber such as Abaca and Sisal etc. their production, processing ,
properties and uses.

Animal Fibres
Hair Fibers: Introduction, classification, structure, production, properties and
uses of wool fibers. Grading of wool. Introduction of fibers such as Camel,
Mohair, Cashmere, Alpaca and Angora. Silk: Production, properties and uses of
silk yarn.

Mineral Fibers
Introduction, processing, properties and end uses of natural mineral fibers such
as Asbestos

Recommended Books
1. Mannual of Textile Technology by W. Klien
2. Spun Yarn Technology, by Eric Oxtoby
3. Fibre to Fabric by Corbmane
4. Natural Fibres by Gorden Cook

2. APPLIED PHYSICS 3-1

The Nature of Propagation of Light

The nature of light. Reflection and refraction, total internal reflection, dispersion,
polarization, scattering of light. Huygen’s principle.

14
Geometric Optics
Reflection and refraction at a plane surface, reflection at spherical surface,
graphical methods for mirrors, refraction at spherical surface, thin lenses,
graphical methods for lenses, fibre optics.

Optical Instruments
Cameras, projectors, eye, magnifier, microscopes telescopes, lens,
spectrometers.

Interference
Interference and coherence sources, two source interference of light, intensity in
interference patterns, interference in thin films, Michealson interferometer.

Diffraction
Frensel and Fraunhofer diffraction, diffraction from single slit, intensity in single
slit pattern, multiple slit, diffraction grating, X-Ray diffraction, circular aperture
and resolving power, holography.

Quantum Physics
Thermal radiation, Planck’s radiation law, quantisation of energy, heat capacity
of solids, photoelectric effect, Einstein’s photon theory, wave behavior of particle
and De- Broglie wavelength, Heisenberg uncertainity, electron microscope.

Atomic and Nuclear Physics

Atom fundamentals, Bohr model, atomic spectra, atomic structure, x-rays and
laser production, laser printer and photocopier, nuclear structure and properties,
radioactivity and radioactive dating, nuclear radiation and their uses.

Recommended Books
1. University Physics by Young and Freedman
2. Physics by Halliday, Resnick and Krange
3. Physics for Scientist and Engineers by Serway

3. MATHEMATICS 3-0

General Mathematics
Basic operations of complex numbers, De’ Moiver’s Theorem with applications.
Circular, hyperbolic, exponential functions of complex numbers and inverse
functions.

15
Quadric Surfaces
Using circles and traces to sketch quadric surfaces, hyperbolic parabolic,
changing the orientation of the axis.

Calculus
Definition of function, limits, derivatives and their geometrical interpretation.
Rules of derivatives, successive differentials, partial derivatives and their
applications. Maxima and minima of function of one and two variables.
Integration by substitution, by parts. Integration of algebraic functions and
definite integration to find area and volume (simple cases).

Statistical Methods
Definition of statistics, population and samples. Descriptive and
inductive statistics. Statistics as a tool for understanding problems their
utility and limitations. Significance of statistics in planning,
systematisation of data frequency distribution, histogram and frequency
polygon.

Measurement of Central Tendency and Dispersion

Definition of mean, median, mode, mean deviation, standard deviation and
variance.

Probability
Counting problems, sample space and events. Definition of probability.
Probability axioms. Some elementary theorems, conditional probability,
dependent and independent events. Bay's theorem. Method to least square
and regression.

Recommended Books
1. Calculus by Suhaum's Series
2. Introduction to Statistics by Walpole,
3. Applied Statistics for Engineering and Physical Scientists by
Hog.R.V.and Ledolter, J.

4. ENGLISH 3-0

Reading: skimming, scanning, comprehensions, transfer text from a text to a

diagram, re-order to story.
Writing: Writing question based on a text and setting of answers, making notes
from a text and making on an argument, writing a report based on a set of notes,
writing a parallel story.

16
Grammar: Identification of verbs in the – present simple tense, -simple past
tense,-passive voice, Classification these verbs as regular or irregular,
Manipulation verb forms e.g., changing verbs in active voice to passive voice
etc., completing a close exercise.
Listening and Speaking: Use of Language Laboratory and Self Assess Centre,
extracting relevant information from a listening passage, making notes from a
listening passage.
Vocabulary: Matching vocabulary items with their corresponding definitions,
identification odds items out of a list of vocabulary items, classification of
vocabulary items in lexical sets.

Recommended Books
rd
1. Thomson A. J. & Mrtenet A. V. “A Practical English Grammar”, 3 Edn.,
OUP, 1986.
2. S. Jannifer, “Grammar in Practice 1”, OUP, 1981.
3. S. Jannifer, “Grammar in Practice 2”, OUP, 1981.
4. S. Michael, “Practical English Usage”, OUP, 1980.
5. S. Michael, “Basic English Usage”, OUP, 1984.

5. ISLAMIC STUDIES 2-0

Fundamentals of Islam
Tauheed, arguments for the oneness of Allah. Impact of tauheed on human life.
Place of human being in the universe, purpose of creation. Textual study of
surah Alrehman, Alfurqan. Prophethood, need for prophet, characteristics of a
prophet, finality of prophethood. Seerat-life of prophet as embodiment Islamic
ideology, faith in the hereafter Aakhrat. Effects of belief on worldy life. Study of
other fundamentals of Islam.

Ibadah
Concept Ibadat. Major Ibadat i.e. Salat, Saom, Zakat, Haj and Jehad.

Basic Sources of Shariah

The holy Quran, its revelation and compilation, the authenticity of the text.
Hadith, its need, authenticity and importance. Consensus Ijma, analogy Qiyas,

Sources of Knowledge
Islamic approach to intuition, reason and experience. Revelation Wahi as a
source of knowledge.

Moral and Social Philosophy of Islam

The concepts of good and evil. Akhlaq-e-Hasna with special reference to Surah
Al-Hujrat. Professional Eithics Kasb-e-Halal.
17
Islamic Political Principles
Salient features of an Islam state. Responsibilities of the Head of the State.
Rights and duties of citizens.

Economic Order of Islam

Right to property. System of taxation. Distribution of wealth, Zakat and Ushar.
Interest free Economy Shirakat and Muzarabat.

Islam as Living Force

Applications of Islamic teachings in the socio-economic development of a
country in 21st century.

18
 Second Year

Third Semester

1. TEXTILE ENGINEERING MATERIALS – II 2-0

Regenerated Fibers
Manufacturing methods of viscose, cuprammonium, acetate, tencel and lyocel
fibers. Their properties and uses in textile industry.

Synthetic Fibers
Manufacturing methods of polyester, polyamide and acrylic fibers. Their
properties and uses in textile industry.

Elastometric Fibers
Manufacturing methods of various elastane fibers. Their properties and uses in
textile industry.

Other Fibres
Manufacturing methods of glass and carbon fibres

Recommended Books
1 Handbook of Textile Fibers
2 Manmade Fibers by J. Gordon
3 Fibre to Fabric by Corbman
4 Manmade Fibers by Moncrieff

2. FUNDAMENTAL SPINNING ENGINEERING 2-1

Spinning Processes
Flow charts of spinning processes for filament & spun yarns, carded & combed
yarns, jute, flax & spun silk yarn. Input & output of each department. Intermittent
spinning and continuous spinning. Flyer spinning, cap spinning. Rotor spinning
and mule spinning.

Blow Room
Objectives of blow room. Working principles in blow room. Study of bale breaker,
porcupine opener, various beaters, cage condenser, scutcher and removal of
wastes.

19
Carding
Objectives of carding. Carding actions. Working of card. Role of different parts
and their speeds.

Drawing
Concept of drafting. Real and perfect drafting. Draft calculation. Drafting system.
Drafting and doubling. Objects of drawing frame. Working of drawing frame.
Breaker, inter and finisher drawing frame.

Combing
Objectives of combing. Noil %age. Combing preparatory processes. Study of
comber. Working of Rectilinear comber.

Roving
Objectives of roving frame. Winding principles. Working of roving frame. Why
and how twist is imparted in roving.

Spinning
Objectives of ring spinning. Principle and mechanism of twist insertion. Working
of ring frame. Yarn counting and its systems.

Introduction of Woolen Industry

Wool and its classification. Woolen and worsted yarn. Flow charts for woolen
and worsted spinning processes.

Woolen Industry
Wool classification and sorting. Impurities in wool. Raw material for woolen
industry. Wool scouring, carbonizing, drying and blending. Woolen carding and
woolen spinning.

Worsted Industry
Worsted carding, backwashing and gilling. Combing, drawing and spinning.

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1. Manual of cotton spinning by Gilbert R. Merrill.
2. Spun yarn Technology by Eric Oxtoby
3. The Woolen and Worsted Industry by Brearley and Iredale

20
3. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 3 -1

Electric and Magnetic Circuits

Electric circuits, Kirchoff’s Laws, superposition theorem, substitution
theorem, Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, Rosen’s theorem of star/
mesh transformations, proof for D C circuits and their applications to circuit
analysis, magnetic circuits, series and parallel circuits, principles of
calculation of ampere, turns for magnetic circuits of electromagnets,
transformers, bipolar and multipolar D C machines, inductances in series
and parallel, Hystercis loss, eddy current loss, lifting power a magnet.

A C Single and Poly Phase System

Single phase systems, series, parallel and series parallel circuits, operator
methods and polar methods. Resonance and measurement of power and
power factor, poly phase system, poly phase generation, star and delta
connections, voltage and current relations, balance and unbalance load
analysis.

D C Machines
Construction, simple lap and wave windings, equalizing connections and
dummy coils, elementary concept of armature reaction and commutation,
cross and demagnetising ampere turns. D C generators, types, E M F
equation, losses, efficiency, performance curves, characteristics, critical
resistance and speed and effect of armature reaction of OCC, internal and
external characteristics from OCC neglecting and accounting armature
reaction, calculation of series ampere turns for level and over compounding.
Motors, principle, back E M F, torque, speed and speed regulation. Types,
characteristics, performance curves, losses and efficiency, speed and
torque problems involving magnetisation curves, charging and ignition
circuits of automobiles.

A C Synchronous Machines
Construction, stator single layer, double layer and concentric winding,
damping winding, coil span factor, distribution factor, leakage armature
reaction, synchronous impedance, alternators, types, E M F equation,
speed and frequency, losses and efficiency, alternator on load, voltage
regulation by synchronous impedance method, synchronous motors, types,
principle of working, vector diagram on load and its analysis for stator
current, power factor, torque and mechanical output, effect of variation of
excitation, losses and efficiency.

21
A C Induction Machines
Induction motors, construction, types, principle of working, losses, efficiency
and performance curves, torque slip characteristics.

Transformers
Construction, working principle, no load working and vector diagram,
magnetising circuit, equivalent circuit, open circuit and short circuit tests,
losses, efficiency and performance curves, voltage regulation and Kapp’s
regulation diagram

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1. Electrical Technology by Huges, E. Longman
2. Examples in Electrical Calculation
3. Electrical Machinery Fundamental by Stephen J Chapman

4. ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 3-1

Solid-State Devices
Semiconductor diodes, special purpose diodes, bipolar function
transistors(FITS), field effect transistors(FITS), TUI Transistor multi-layer
diodes, thyristor, photoelectric devices, operational amplifiers.

Circuits
Half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, wave-shaping, rectifier filters, triad light
intensity control, alarm circuit, Universal motor speed and direction control,
12V Battery charger regulated power supplies.

Digital Electronics
The Binary system, Boolean algebra, logic gates, flip-flops.

Logic Circuits
Countess, shift-registers and latches, encoders, deciders.

Amplifier Circuits
Introduction “h” parameters, Hybred model for transistor, elementary
treatment, low frequency transistor amplifier circuits, stage cascaded LF

22
Micro Processors
General characteristics and applications.

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1. Digital Electronics By Tokheim MC Grow Hill
2. Basic Electronics By Malviho

5. COMMUNICATION SKILLS 3-0

Introduction to communication
Explanation, concept, kinds, process and importance of communications.
Effective communication, SEF model and characteristics of communications,
barriers to communications.

Principles of Communication
Introduction to seven C’s, role of seven C’s, use of seven C’s in daily and
business communication.

Writing Skills
Introduction to effective writing, purpose of writing, stages of writing, reader’s
analysis, organization/gathering of writing material, writing techniques,
approaches to written communication, writing formats (paragraphs, headings,
subheadings, numbering etc).

Report Writing
Introduction and significance of report writing, internal office communication,
effective business letter writing, organizing business messages, managing and
organizing long business reports, feasibility report and incident report, writing a
proposal, business requests, writing job application, resume writing.

Handling Business Meetings

Agenda writing, minutes of the meeting, recording and presenting minutes of the
meeting, successful written and oral presentation: presentation techniques
including collecting and managing material, making and using audio visual aids,
handling questions and audiences, attention getting techniques, personal
management in presentation, persuasive communication.

23
Effective listening
Understanding the concept of effective listening, importance of effective
listening, effective listening techniques, barriers in effective listening.

Grammar and Composition

Understanding the general rules of the grammar.

Project
Developing and writing an original report.

Recommended Books
1. Writing on the Job by Cosmo F. Ferrara
2. Effective Communication by Murphy

24
Fourth Semester
1. FUNDAMENTAL WEAVING ENGINEERING 3-1

Basics of weaving
History and scope of weaving, Introduction to weaving technology-loom
elements, yarn preparation – warping and its objectives, sizing and its
objectives, primary motion of weaving, secondary and ancillary motions of
weaving, different shedding systems-merits/demerits, shuttle and shuttle less
weft insertion systems. Merits/demerits of different weft insertion systems.
Beating-up and its types – Eccentricity ( pros and cons), Fabric take-up and
warp let – off, Warp and weft stop motion warp protector motion, weave
presentation, repeat, draft, peg plan and reed plan, plain weave and its
derivatives, twill weave and its derivatives, construction of satin and sateen
weaves.

Basics of knitting
History and scope of knitting. Introduction to knitting and its terminology,
machine knitting elements, beard latch and compound needles. Classification of
knitting machines, principles and mechanism of weft knitting, knit tuck and mis
loop formation, usage of different knit loops, properties of plain and rib fabrics,
properties of purl and interlock fabrics. Introduction to warp knitting, mechanism
of loop formation in warp knitting, classification of warp knitting machines, basic
warp knitted structures, stitch notation of warp weft knitted structure, End usage
of warp knitted structures.

Basics of Non-woven fabrics

Introduction to non-woven fabrics, web formation, consolidation techniques,
properties of non-woven, end usage of non woven fabrics.

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1. Weaving Conversion of Yarn to Fabric by P.R. Lord and M. H. Mohd.
2. Principles of Weaving by R. Marks and A.T.C.Robinson
3. Knitting Technology by D.J.Spencer
4. Woven Cloth Construction by A.T.C. Robinson and R. Marks
5. Introduction to Textiles Vol-III by Eurotex

25
2. FUNDAMENTAL WET PROCESSING 3-1
ENGINEERING

Introduction
Introduction to machinery for cleaning and washing, bleaching and dyeing of
fibers in loose stock, yarns and fabrics. Washing and cleaning, bleaching,
mercerizing and dyeing of fibers in loose stock. Shearing and singeing of cotton,
synthetics and their blends. De-sizing, scouring and bleaching of cotton cloth.
De-sizing, scouring and bleaching of synthetics and their blends. Heat-setting of
synthetics. Mercerization of cotton cloth.

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1. D. J. Hill and Dr. M.E. Hall, ‘Eurotex, an introduction to Textiles’,
volume III, 1991
2. Tyrone. L. Vigo, ‘Textile Processing and Properties’ New Oriens,
U.S.Deptt. of Agriculture, 1994
3. E.R.Trotman, ‘’Textile Scouring and Bleaching’ published by Griffin
London. 1992.
4. Dr. V.A.Shinai, ‘Technology, of Bleaching & Mercerizing’ volume
III- 1991.

3. TEXTILE MECHANICS 3–1

Vectors
Vectors and scalars, vector and textiles, properties of vectors and scalars,
compounding vectors, resolution of vectors and application of vectors.

Displacement
Introduction, linear, circular, complex predictable and random displacement.

Speed and velocity

Introduction, uniform linear behaviour of speed and velocity, uniform circular
motion and non-uniform motion.

Acceleration
Introduction, uniform linear acceleration, uniform circular acceleration, non-
uniform acceleration.

The laws of Motions

Derivation of Equation: uniform velocity, uniform acceleration, the distance-
acceleration relation, the velocity-acceleration relation, uniform circular
acceleration and gravitational acceleration. Measurement of velocity and
acceleration.
26
Mass, Force, Momentum, Work, Power
Introduction, mass, force, momentum, work and power, energy, interrelationship
of: mass and force, time and momentum, work and force, work and energy;
power and energy. Impulsive Force: impulse, impulsive force, impacts, powered
impact, gravitation impact and textile impact, coefficient of restitution.
Electrostatic and electromotive forces: Introduction, effect of electrostatic and
electromotive forces on textiles. Gravitational force.

Friction
The origin of friction: the surface of materials, extraneous matter, molecular
features and contact between surfaces. The effects of surfaces, useful friction,
inconvenient friction and friction and static electricity. Types of friction: linear
friction and coil friction. Measurement of friction: introduction, general methods of
measuring co-efficient of friction and measurement of co-efficient of friction in
textiles. Changes in Frictional Behaviour: Inherent methods and changes in
mechanical conditions.

Lubrication
Introduction, lubricant action, molecular structure of lubricants and effectiveness
of lubrication.

Circular Movement
Circular movement, equation of circular motion, requirement for maintaining
motion, forces acting during circular motion. Application: the conical
pendulum and tension in a rotating ring, belt or thread.

Non-circular Movement
Origin of linear simple harmonic motion (SHM), oscillation in a spring,
equations of linear SHM, linear SHM in circular motion.

Angular SHM
Comparison with linear SHM, exact and approximate angular SHM.

PRACTICAL
Practical work will be based on the course contents.

Recommended Books

1. Slater, K., “ Textile Mechanics” Vol.1, 1977.

2. Morton, W. E. and Hearle, J. W. S., “Physical Properties of Textile
Fibres” 3rd edn, The Textile Institute, Manchester, UK, 1993

27
4. FIBRE SCIENCE 2-1

Introduction
Textile Fibres; Requirements for fibre formation, constitution of fibre forming
substances.

Structure Of Fibres
Crystalline and non-crystalline materials, structure of crystals, polymer crystals,
X-Ray Diffraction and crystallinity, assessment of crystallinity, microstructure and
macrostructure of natural fibres; cotton and other vegetable fibres, silk wool and
other animal fibres, micro and macro structure of synthetic fibres; polymer
crystallization from the melt solution, fibre formation, microstructure of manmade
fibres.

Fibre Cross-section and Linear Density

Fibre linear density, fibre cross-sectional shape and surface area, variability in
fibre denier, measurement of denier, maturity of cotton; measurement of maturity
using optical microscopy, differential dyeing as a test of maturity, measurement
of maturity by air-flow method.

Moisture Absorption and Swelling of Fibers

Equilibrium absorption of water, humidity and relative humidity, relation between
regain and relative humidity, comparative curves for various fibres, heat of
sorption, effect of evolution of heat swelling of fibres, axial swelling, transverse
swelling, measurement of swelling, theories of sorption, effect of hydrophilic
groups, absorption in crystalline and non crystalline regions, hysteresis – a
molecular explanation, structural effects in rayon fibres, structural effects in other
fibres, theories of time dependence.

Dielectric Properties
Definition of dielectric properties, effect of frequency, effect of moisture, effect of
temperature, static electricity, influence of moisture on resistance, measurement
of static charge, and static problems in textile.

Optical Properties
Refractive index and birefringence, measurement of refractive indices,
absorption and dichroism, reflection and luster.

Mechanical Properties
Tensile properties; true stress, specific stress, tenacity, breaking length, elastic
and plastic deformation, Hooke’s law, Poisson’s ratio, stress-strain curves,
elastic recovery. Torsion of fibres, bending, compression. Strain rate and
temperature dependence, creep and stress relaxation.

Thermal Properties
Heat capacity, thermal conductivity, decomposition and degradation, co-efficient
of thermal expansion.

28
Fibre Friction
Fibre friction, effect of fibre friction and lubrication.

PRACTICAL
Observation of amorphous and crystalline regions. Observation of surface
structure by using high power optical microscope. . Observation of cross-
session of different fibres by employing high power optical microscope.

Measurement of fibre denier. Measurement of micronaire value of cotton.

Measurement of cotton fibre maturity. Measurement of fibre diameter.
Measurement of staple length of different fibres. Measurement of moisture
content in different fibres. Determination of swelling of fibres. Determination of
static charges developed in fibres during processing. Measurement of refractive
indices of fibres. Determination of fibre tenacity and elongation. Determination of
bending strength of fibres. Determination of fibre friction.

Recommended Books:
1. Warner, S. B., “Fibre Science”, Prentice-Hall, Inc, USA, 1995.
2. Morton, W.E. and Hearle, J. W.S., “Physical Properties of Textile
Fibres” 3rd enn, Textile Institute, Manchester, 1993.
3. Slater, K., “Chemical Testing and Analysis”, Vol.25, The Textile
Institute, Manchester, 1993.

5. THERMODYNAMICS 2-1

Introduction to thermodynamics
Heat, work, and the system, temperature and heat, the state of the working
fluids.

First law of thermodynamics

Conservation of energy, the non-flow equation the flow equation. Working
fluid and Cycles. Liquid vapour and gas, the carnot cycle, constant pressure
cycle, the air standard cycle, the Otto cycle, the Diesel cycle, the dual
combustion cycle, Ranking's cycle.

Boiler's and steam turbines

Boiler's and steam generators, steam condensers, efficiency of Boiler,
Dryness fraction of wet steam, steam for heating and for Textile process,
classification of steam turbines, turbine blade height, losses in steam
turbines, stage efficiency, overall efficiency, reheat factor, turbine governing
flow, the radial flow turbines, steam engines, Gas turbines, application
towards field of textile processing.

29
Nozzles
Nozzle shape, critical pressure ratio, maximum mass flow Nozzle efficiency,
the steam nozzle, approximations for the steam nozzle, super saturation,
total head or stagnation condition, flow measurement.

Combustion
Introduction, basic chemistry, fuels, combustion equations, chemically
correct, air/fuel ratio, exhaust and flue gas analysis, calorific value, Air
and fuel vapour mixture.

Compressors
Reciprocating compressors, isothermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency,
multistage compression, single and double acting, compressor centrifugal
and axial compressors, uses of compressor in the textile mills.

Internal combustion Engines.

Four stroke cycle, two stroke, engine efficiency spark ignition and
compression ignition, air/fuel ratio and volumetric efficiency, super charge.
Modern development and applications of power plants, in the textile mills.

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1. Khurmi. R.S. “ Thermodynamics” Khana’s Book Publishing Co., India
1990.
2. J. Holman “ Heat Transfer” 1980
3. Burghardt, “Engineering Thermodynamics with applications”
4. R. Jhon. & Howel Richard “Fundamentals of Thermodynamics”

6. PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT 2-0

Production Management and Systems

Introduction to production management; system concept, functions of
management, managerial decision-making, models as decision aids

Plant Location and Plant Layout

Selection of region, selection of community, site selection, location factor
dependence, sources of assistance, plant location trends, quantitative analysis
and plant layout, product and process layout analysis and comparison, material
handling considerations in layout.

30
Production Planning and Control
Formalized production planning, production planning methods, master
scheduling, MRP, MRP inputs, MRP outputs, product structures, types of MRP,
capacity planning and control, production control systems, scheduling
techniques.

Planning and Control Techniques

Inventory control, types of inventory, inventory costs, independent versus
dependent demand, EQQ/EPN models, types of control systems, selective
inventory control, inventory system development, project planning CPM/PERT,
network development, determination of activity times, establishment of critical
path, probabilistic statements.

Method Study
Definition, objectives, procedure, process chart symbols, outline process chart,
flow process charts, multiple activity chart, two handed chart, critical
examination, principles of motion economy, case studies and application.

Work Measurement
Definition, objectives, techniques of work measurement, stop watch time study,
timing methods, performance rating, standard timing, allowance factors. Work
sampling, confidence level, determination of samples size, making random
observations, scope of work sampling. Predetermined time standards, definition,
advantages and criticisms, motion classification, TMU, use of PTS systems.

Recommended Books

1. Operations Management by Krajew Ritzman

2. Productivity Management by Agarwal
3. Textile Objective measurement and automation in Garment
Manufacture by George Stylios

31
 Third Year

Fifth Semester

1. YARN MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING 3-1

Introduction
Introduction to various yarn manufacturing processes.

Ring Spinning
Working principle of ring frame: drafting, twisting and winding. Conventional
and compact spinning. Design of ring frame and creel. Design of drafting
arrangement: influence of drafting arrangement on quality and economics,
design concepts in the structure of the drafting arrangement, top roller and
its classifications, top roller weighting. Fibre guiding devices: lappets,
balloon control rings, separators. Design of rings and their types. Design of
different types of travellers and their function. Design of spindle: thread
path, spindle mounting, influence the spindle on spinning, classification of
spindle drives. Structure of cop: the cop building, builder motion. Doffing:
manual and automatic. Automation of ring frames. Spinning geometry:
concepts, spinning triangle, inclination of the drafting arrangement, roller
overhang, wrap of yarn on thread guide, balloon height. Optimum spinning
conditions. Yarn faults and their remedies. Atmospheric condition for ring
department. Ring calculation: spindle speed; draft: actual, mechanical,
break draft, main draft, total draft, draft constant; traveller speed, winding
speed, twist contraction, linear density of yarn, yarn diameter, lay constant,
twist, twist equation, twist constant, twist factor, coils per unit length, draft
change wheel, twist change wheel, lifter wheel, builder wheel, efficiency and
production.

Doubling
Study of doubling machine, types of doubling machines and utility of
doubled yarns. D/S characteristics of double yarn, cabled yarn
manufacturing, reeling principle and types, end uses,

Coning
Auto coning and auto coner machines, comparison of different types of
corner, especially mach coner, design of cams, shafts and gears, yarn
measurement system, clearing device.

32
Twisters
Working principle and design of two for one type twisters; calculation for
winding, doubling and twisting.

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books

1. Practical Guide to Ring Spinning Vol.4, by Klien W., The Textile

Institute, Manchester, UK, 1987.
2. Cotton Ring Spinning by Merril G. R., GRM associate, Island, 1959.
3. Textile Mathematics” ,Vol.II , by Booth, J,E, The Textile Institute,
Manchester, UK,1975.
4. Spun Yarn Technology by Oxtoby,E.
5. Short Staple Ring Spinning, Vol.12, by Shaw J., The Textile Institute,
Manchester, UK, 1982.
6. The Principles and Theory of Ring Spinning by De Barr, A. E. Vol. V,
The Textile Institute, Manchester, UK, 1965.
7. Woollen and Worsted Yarn Manufacture by Radcliff, J. W., Emmott
& Co. Ltd., Manchester, UK, 1953.

2. FABRIC MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING 3-1

Woven Fabrics
Types of standard and commercial woven fabrics made from staple spun
and multifilament yarn. Development of designed fabrics made with the help
of dobby and jacquard machines. Common faults in fabrics. Grading of
fabrics. Different types of selvedge of woven fabrics

Study of Special Fabrics

Towels, handkerchiefs, laces, tapes and braids, upholstery and tapestry
fabric, natural and artificial silk fabric, blankets: wool and manmade fibres.

Knitting
Knitting mechanisms, construction of knitted fabric, technique of loop
formation and its types, comparison of knitting with weaving, jacquard
mechanism, classification of knitted fabric, knitting calculation.

33
Felted and Non-Woven Fabrics
Felted Fabrics: felt process, type of felt, properties of felt, use of felt.
Non-Woven Fabric: method of manufacturing, web formation, bonding the
web, type of web bonding, needle punching, the web, finishing of the non-
woven fabrics, characteristics and use of non-woven fabrics.

Weaving Calculations
Factor involved in cloth contraction, cloth geometry, determination of
diameter of yarn, fractional cover and cover factor, cloth setting rules,
production planning for weaving process, weight of warp and weft per
running yard/meter, weight of warp and weft per square yard/meter, weight
per yard when using different counts and different material, weight of fabric
and wastage calculation, weight of cloth with reference to picks and ends,
yarn requirement for a particular quality and quantity of cloth, yarn quantity
for a particular width and length of cloth, production planning and machinery
requirements for certain quality and quantity of cloth in specific period,
economic evaluation of different machines, cost of production and
profitability calculation, material cost calculation, labour cost & total cost
calculation, calculation of moisture regain and moisture content.
Atmospheric condition in weaving shed i.e. relative humidity and
temperature

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1 Weaving Calculation by Sen Gupta
2 Weaving Machine, Mechanism & management by Talukdar

3. MECHANISM OF TEXTILE MACHINES 3-1

Mechanism of Spinning Machines

Study of different parts and working principle of spinning machines (from blow
room to winding machines).

Mechanism of Weaving Machines

Study of different parts and working principle of weaving machines (from
preparatory process to fabrics manufacturing i.e. all type of looms)

Mechanism of Knitting Machines

Study of different parts and working principle of all types knitting machines

34
Mechanism of Wet Processing Machines
Study of different parts and working principle of wet processing machines
(from desizing to finishing machines including machines used for processing
knitted fabric)

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1. Weaving Mechanism by J.E.Fox
2. Weaving Mechanism by N.N.Banerjee
3. Practical Weaving Course by Jarvis
4. Weaving Calculation by Sen Gupta
5. Machine Mechanism & Management by Talukdar

4. TEXTILE TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL –I 3-1

Reasons for Textile Testing

Checking raw material, monitoring production, accessing the final product,
investigation of faulty materials, product development and research.
Standardization of Textile testing. Variation in the Material and Variation Caused
by the Test Method.

Sampling
Various terms. Fiber sampling from bulk. Fiber sampling from lap, sliver, roving
and yarn. Yarn and fabric sampling

Textiles and Moisture

Introduction. Effect of moisture on physical properties. Atmospheric moisture and
its measurement. Regain and moisture content. Regain-humidity relation of
textiles. Factors affecting regain. Methods of measuring regain. Correct invoice
weight. Control of testing atmosphere.

Fiber Dimensions
Fiber fineness, fineness measurement by various methods including cotton
fineness by airflow method.

Cotton Maturity
Maturity and its Measurement by Various Methods

35
Fiber Length
Various methods for measurement of fiber length including comb sorter,
fiberograph and HVI (High volume instrument). Cotton Grading.

Yarn Testing
Linear density. Measurement of linear density of single and folded yarns. Linear
density of yarn removed from fabric sample.

Twist
Measurement of twist for single and plied yarns.

Yarn Evenness
Measurement of yarn evenness by visual examination, cut and weigh method
and by uster evenness tester

Tensile Strength
Introduction and various definitions such as breaking strength, stress, specific
stress, tenacity, breaking length, elongation, strain, extension percentage and
gauge length. Units for various parameters. Force elongation curve. Yield point,
modulus, work of rupture, time dependence and elastic recovery. Factors
affecting tensile testing. Measurement of single fiber and fiber bundle strength.
Single yarn strength testing and lea strength testing. Simple testing of fabric
strength.

Quality Control
What is quality? What is quality control? Objectives of quality control. General
requirement of quality control department. Activities of quality control
department. Inspection. Textile testing. Objectives of textile testing. General
requirements of textile testing. Types of textile testing. Latest quality control
schedules for weaving.

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1. Physical Textile Testing by Textile Institute, U.K.
2. Handbook of Textile Testing and Quality Control by Grover.
3. Principles of Textile Testing by J.E.Booth

36
5. DYE STUFF CHEMISTRY 2-1

General
Introduction to dyes, History of Dyes, Configuration and chemical nature of dye
molecule, Auxochromes and Chromophores, Characteristics of Dyes, Physical
forms of dyes, organic pigments, fluorescent brightening, pigment dyeing,
Classification of dyes, classification according to solubility, Classification
according to method of application, Classification according to chemical
constitution, Criteria for the selection of dyes, Dye absorption isotherms, Fiber-
Dye interactions,

Reactive Dyes
Introduction to reactive dyes, First commercial reactive dyes, Further
development of reactive dyes, Chemistry of reactive dyes, General properties of
reactive dyes, Classification of reactive dyes, Application of reactive dyes by
different methods of dyeing, Different auxiliaries used in dyeing with reactive
dyes, Suitable fiber substrate for reactive dyes, Stripping of Reactive dyes,
Fastness properties of Reactive dyes,

Direct Dyes
Introduction to Direct Dyes, Classification of direct dyes, Configuration and
chemical nature of Direct dyes, Application of Direct dyes by different methods of
dyeing, Different auxiliaries used in Dyeing with Direct dyes, After Treatment of
direct dyes, Stripping of direct dyes, Fastness properties of Direct dyes Suitable
fiber substrate for direct dyes,

Vat Dyes
Introduction to vat dyes, History of vat dyes, Chemistry of Vat dyes, Application
of vat dyes with different methods of dyeing, Different auxiliaries used in dyeing
with vat dyes, Stripping of vat dyes, Fastness properties of vat dyes Suitable
fiber substrate for vat dyes

Sulphur Dyes
Introduction to sulphur dyes, chemistry of sulphur dyes, application of sulphur
dyes, stripping of sulphur dyes, fastness properties of sulphur dyes, Suitable
fiber substrate for vat dyes,

37
Acid Dyes
Introduction to acid dyes, chemistry of acid dyes, Application of acid dyes,
Mechanism of dyeing protein fibers with acid dyes, Different types of acid dyes,
Acid milling dyes, Acid leveling dyes, Neutral dyeing acid dyes, Premetallized
acid dyes, Stripping of acid dyes, Fastness properties of acid dyes,

Basic Dyes
Introduction to basic dyes, Chemistry of basic dyes, application of basic dyes,
Stripping of basic dyes, Fastness properties of basic dyes,

Mordant Dyes
Introduction to mordant and mordant dyes, Different methods of dyeing with
mordant dyes, Chrome-mordant method, Meta-chrome method, After-chrome
method,

Disperse Dyes
Dyeing with Disperse dyes, Commercial forms of disperse dyes, Dyeing
hydrophobic fibers with disperse dyes, Chemical characteristics of disperse
dyes, Classification of disperse dyes, Use and chemistry of carriers in dyeing
with disperse dyes, Stripping of disperse dyes, Fastness properties of disperse
dyes, Suitable fiber substrate for disperse dyes,

Azoic Dyes
Introduction to azoic dyes, Configuration and chemistry of azoic dyes, General
properties of azoic dyes, Application of azoic dyes by various methods of dyeing,
Stripping of azoic dyes, fastness properties of azoic dyes, Suitable fibre
substrate for azoic dyes.

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1. The Dyeing of Textile Fibers, Theory and Practice by Joseph R.,
2. Technology of Dyeing by Dr. V.A. Shinai, Sevak

6. Industrial Internship 0-0

38
Sixth Semester
1. WET PROCESSING ENGINEERING 3–1

Theory of Dyeing:
The effect of Fiber Structure on Dyeing and factors responsible for attachment of
dye Molecules to Fibers, Kinetics of dye adsorption, Adsorptin and retention of
dyes.

Dyeing Machinery/Equipments
Fiber and yarn cloth-jigger, winch, padder, jet and continuous dyeing plants-pad-
steam.

Direct dyes:
Structure and properties of direct dyes, dye structure and dyeability of cellulosic
fibers, application, batch-wise, semi-continuous and continuous methods, after
treatment and significance.

Selection of dyes for dyeing cellulosic fibers:

Principles of evaluation, influence of colour and dyeing properties on selection,
selection b/w dye classes according to substrate and fastness requirement,
factors governing choice with major dye classes.

Dyeing with various dyes

Introduction to printing and printing machinery. Types of printing finishing,
different finishes and their characteristics. Engineering of different textile
material.

Recommended Books
1. Theory of Coloration of Textile Fibers by Alan Johson
2. Cellulosics dyeing by Jhon Shore, Soc. Of dyers
3. Chemistry of dyes and principles of dyeing by shenai
4. Technology of dyeing by Shenai
5. Dyeing and Chemical Technology of Textile Fibers by Trotman
6. J.S.D.C., 1943-1998.

2. TEXTILE MACHINE DESIGN 2-0

Design Consideration in machine Parts

Loads, strains, stress-stream diagram, different moduli, factor of safety,
allowable stresses, bearing pressure intensity, bending, torsion, eccentric
loading, combined stresses, designing for impact loads, design of members
subjected to impact torsion, stress concentration, effect of repeated
application of a load, fatigue life determination by short term testing, light
weight and minimum dimensions, thermal stresses.

39
Cotter and Knuckle Joints.
Introduction, design of cotter joints, cotter, connection of a piston rod to a
cross head, cotter foundation bolts, design of knuckle joint, joint of
suspension links, design of a coupler or turn buckle drawings of all designed
parts.

Shafts, Keys and Couplings

Introduction, design of axles, design of spindles, design of shafts on the
basis of strength, design of shaft on the basis of rigidity, design of hollow
and non circular shafts, types of keys, design of (Sunk keys, Tyler pins
feather keys and splinted shafts), force and shrink fits, sleeve or muff
couplings, clamp or compression couplings, flange coupling, flexible
couplings, (bushed pin, bobby leather pad), old ham's couplings, Universal
coupling, safety couplings, flexible shafts, drawing of all above design
elements.

Design of Bearing
Introduction, bearing area, sliding bearings, solid Journal bearing, divided
journal bearing, plumer block, Hydrodynamics theory of lubrication, oil
grooving, designer procedure for hydrodynamics journal bearings, design of
bearing caps and bolts foot step or pivot bearings, collar bearings,
antifriction bearings, ball bearing, roller bearings, bearing loads, carrying
capacity and life relationship between load and life, influence of high
temperatures on load carrying capacity, permissible misalignment, sleeve
bearings, drawing of all design bearings.

Belts Pulleys and Chain Drives

Introduction, design of belt, design procedure for flat belt, design of V-drive,
types, of pulleys design of cast iron pulleys, steel pulleys, wooden pulleys,
fast and loose pulleys, speed cones, design of cone pulleys, gravity idlers,
special tension adjusting belt drives, roller chain drives, design of chain
drives drawing of all design parts.

Gears
Introduction, design of spur gears, general characteristics accuracy of
gears, allowable stresses in gears, design considerations, strength of gear
teeth, Lewis equation, dynamic tooth load, design for wear, gear wheel
proportions, internal gears, racks, design of helical gears, design of helical
gear teeth, rating of machine cut spur and helical gears, design of bevel
gears, strength of bevel gear teeth, bearing load, design of worm gear,
worm gear nomenclature, strength of worm gear teeth, bearing loads on the
shafts, drawing of all types of gears.
40
Levers
Introduction, general procedure for design of levers, hand lever, foot lever,
Cranked lever, lever of a lever loaded safety valve, rocker arms, angular
levers, design of over hung cranks, design of crank pin, drawing of designed
components.

Welded Connections
Introduction, typed of welded joints, working stress in welds, special cases
of fillet welds, eccentric loads on welded connections, design procedure,
fillet welds under varying loads.

Recommended Books
1 Machine Design by R S Khurmi

3. AUTOMATION AND CONTROL 3-0

Automation
Automation defined, types of automation, reasons for automation, arguments for
an against automation.

Production Operation and Automation Strategies

Manufacturing industries, types of production, functions in manufacturing,
organization and information processing in manufacturing, plant layout
production concepts and mathematical models, automation strategies.

Automative Type Automation

Automated flow lines, methods of workpart transport, transfer mechanism, buffer
storage, control functions, automation for machining operations, design and
fabrication considerations.

Analysis of Automated Flow Lines

General terminology and analysis of transfer lines without storage, partial
automation, automated flow lines with storage buffers, computer simulation of
automated flow lines.

Linear Feedback Control Systems

Process model formulation, transfer functions and block diagrams, laplace
transforms, control actions, linear system analysis, Root-locus method, system
design.

41
Optimal Control
Structural model of a manufacturing process, steady state optimal control,
adaptive control, on line search strategies.

Computer Assisted Optimal Control

Structural model of a manufacturing process, steady state optimal control,
adaptive control, on line search strategies.

Computer Process Control

The computer process interface, interface hardware, computer process
monitoring, types of computer process control, direct digital control, supervisory
computer control, programming for computer process control.

Recommended Books
1. Collett, C. V. and Hop, A. D., “Engineering Instrumentation”,
2. Haslam, J. A. et al, “Engineering Instrumentation and Control”,
3. Grady, P. L. et al, “ Automation in the Textile Industry”, The Textile
Institute, Manchester, 1995.

4. FLUID MECHANICS 3-1

Properties of Liquids and Gases

Ideal and real fluids, fluid pressure

Fluid Static’s (Equilibrium)

Bulers conditions of equilibrium. Pressure in a fluid under gravity, homogenous
fluid, several fluids of specific weights, interconnected vessels, constant velocity
rotation of a liquid around fixed axis. Fluid under pressure neglecting gravity,
force on containers wall force on flat surfaces, force on curved surfaces,
buoyancy of fluid at rest, stability of a floating body, surface tension and capillary
tubes.

Fluid Dynamics
One dimensional inviscous flow (flow filament theory), equation of continuity,
Euler’s equations of motion, beruouili’s equation, inputs and momentum. One-
dimensional viscous flow; generalized bernoulli’s equation, laminar and turbulent
flow in circular pipes, pipe flow problems.

Dimensional Analysis
Buckingham Pi Theorem, Reynold’s law of similitude.

42
Fluid Measurements
Measurements of static pressure, stagnation pressure, flow velocity and flow
rate.

Fluid Machinery
Pumps, turbines, similarity laws for turbo machinery

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1. Slater, K., “ Textile Mechanics” Vol.2, Textile Institute,
Manchester, 1987.
2. Morton, W. E. and Hearle, J. W. S., “Physical Properties of Textile
Fibres” 2nd Edition, The Textile Institute, Manchester, UK, 1975
3. Booth, J,E , “Textile Mathematics” ,Vol.II, III , The Textile Institute,
Manchester, UK,1975.

5. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 3-0

Introduction
History and development, Modern definition and function of Industrial
Engineering.

Material, Purchase and Store Management

Introduction to material management, Functions and objectives of Materials
management, Purchasing or procurement, Introduction, objectives of
purchasing department. Activities/duties of purchasing department.
Purchasing. Organization buying Techniques, Store Management,
Functions of Store department, and duties of the store keeper, Location and
layout of stores, Receipt, & issue of material, store record, store ledger.

Financial Management
Concept and definition, Types of capital, sources of finance, Reserves,
Surplus, financial Accounting and Book Keeping, System of Book keeping
(Single Entry and Double Entry System). Assets and liabilities. The journal &
ledger, Trial balance, financial statement, profit & loss accord, Balance
sheet.

43
Cost Accounting and Control
Introduction, Elements of control, types of control, Depreciation, causes of
Depreciation, Methods of calculating Depreciation, Breaks even Analysis,
concept, Importance and scope, calculation of Break even point, Break even
chart.

Work Study
Method study, Procedure of conducting method study, work measurement,
synthesis and analytical estimating, PMTS (MTM1, MTM2, MTM3) and
ready work factor (R.W.F), system Manual time study, Rating Technique.

Network Analysis
Introduction, Techniques, Terms related to Network planning Method,
PERT, CPM, and Application of network techniques to simple Engg.
Problems.

Recommended Books
1. R. B. Gupta. “Industrial Engineering”
2. K.C.Jain & L.N.Aggrawal “ Production Planning/Control & Industrial
Engg. Management.
3. T.R.Range & S.C.Sharma. “Industrial Organisation & Engineering
Economics”
4. Richard C. Vaghun “Industrial Engineering”

6. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS 2-1

& C++ PROGRAMMING

Information Technology & Computer Science

History of computer, Data processing and Data processing cycle, types of
Computers, Hardware and software, Input and Output devices, Central
processing unit and storage devices.

Operating Systems
DOS and Windows.

Internet
Tools and Applications.

C++ Programming
History, IDE, Basic structure, Compilation, data types, Declaration and
initialization statements, Input / out put statements, Operators (Arithmetical,
relational and Logical), control statements (Decision making and iterative
statements), Casting, Arrays, Structures and unions, pointers, Functions, Filing,
Data Structure, Graphics and Loops.

44
PRACTICAL

Practical work will be based on the contents of course

Books Recommended
1. Robert Lafore, Object Oriented Programming in C++, Howard W, Sons
& Comp: 1990
2. Deiliet & Delite, How to programming with C++.
3. Urooj Anwar Zaidi, Comprehensive Computer Studies, Gaba Sons, and
Karachi: 1995.

45
 Fourth Year

Seventh Semester

1. ADVANCE TEXTILE ENGINEERING 3-1

Spinning
Modern spinning techniques, reasons for their development. Comparison of ring
spun yarn with the yarn prepared on modern systems. Study of open-end
spinning system, air vortex, friction , self twist, repco spinning system etc.

Weaving
New development in weft insertion system, multiphase weaving, multi-shed weft
insertion system, monitoring and control systems on loom. Modern knotting and
drawing system, leno devices. Specialty fabric forming methods. CAD/Cam in
weaving.

Dyeing, Printing and Finishing

Latest systems used for dyeing, printing and finishing of woven and knitted
fabric.

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1. Grosberg, P. and Iype C., “Yarn Production: Theoretical Aspects”, The
Textile Institute, Manchester, 1999.
2. Tomer, G., “Rotor Spinning” Milland, Germany, 1999.
3. Rohlena, V. et al, “Open-End Spinning”, Elsevier Scientific Publishing
Company, New York 1975.
4. Basu, A., “ Progress in Air-Jet Spinning”, The Textile Institute,
Manchester, 1999.
5. Jhatial, R. A. “Advance Spinning”, Jhatial Scientific Book Publishing Co.
Ltd., Jamshoro, 2002.
6. Lawrence, C. A. and Chen, K. Z., “Rotor-spinning” The Textile Institute,
Manchester, 1984.
7. Klien, W., “New Spinning Systems”, The Textile Institute, Manchester,
1993.

46
2. TEXTILE MILL PLANNING 3-0

Selection of Site
Factors and criteria in selecting a site. Soil testing, water testing, availability of
civic amenities. Availability of gas and electric facilities.

Selection of Machinery
Consideration of price and quality of the machinery, availability/training of the
worker to run the selected machines. After sale service. Maintenance cost of
machines. Efficiency of machines. Quantification of machines as per required
production. Selection of humidification, air-conditioning and ventilation system.
Requirement compressed air.

Building and Lighting System

Calculating the covered area as per layout of the machinery. Selection and
fixation of lighting systems. Calculating the thermal conductivity of walls.
Environmental and safety factors. Considerations about the environment issues
and safety for the personnel involved in running/ maintaining the plant.

Recommended Book
1. Ormerod, A., “Textile Project Management”, The Textile Institute,
Manchester, 1992.

3. TEXTILE TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL – II 3-1

Fabric Strength Testing

Tensile testing by strip and grab method. Testing of tearing strength of fabrics by
various methods including Elmendorf method. Testing of bursting strength of
fabric. Stretch and recovery properties. Seam strength.

Serviceability of Fabrics
Introduction. Snagging. Testing for pilling. Testing for abrasion resistance and
factors affecting abrasion resistance.

Objective Evaluation of Fabric Handle

Definition of handle. Bending length. Shirley stiffness testing. Hanging loop
method. Fabric drape. Crease recovery, testing of fabric thickness. Fabric
friction.

47
Quality Control
Definitions of quality. Types of quality control. Quality assurance. ISO 9000,
data, tabular form, construction of tables/essentials for tables. Quality control
charts, basis of control charts, control limits/action limits, specification limits.
State of statistical control. Types of variation of quality assessed from quality
control charts, variation due to chance, and variations due to assignable causes.
Advantages of using quality control charts, types of quality control charts, x-bar
charts (day to day i.e. subgroup to subgroup variation), r-bar charts (within day
i.e. within subgroup variation), p-bar charts (percent defective), how and when
corrective action is taken by using Q.C. charts.

Yarn Testing
Evenness, advance details of evenness testing with help of UT-3 and UT-4
testing devices. Testing of hairiness of yarn with the help of various devices,
Friction, Measurement of yarn friction. Yarn Strength, Advance details of testing
comparison of single yarn testing and yarn lea testing.

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1. B. P. Saville, “Physical Testing of Textiles”, The Textile Institute,
Manchester,1999.
2. Bona, M., “Textile Quality : Physical Methods of Product and
Process Control”, Eurotex, Italy, 1994.
3. Bona, M., “Statistical Methods for the Textile Industry”, Eurotex,
Italy, 1993.
4. Leaf, G., “Practical Statistics for the Textile Industry: Part I & II”,
The Textile Institute, Manchester, 1984.
5. Steadman, R. G., Cotton Testing”, The Textile Institute,
Manchester, 1997.
6. Barella, A., “ The Hairiness of Yarns”, The Textile Institute,
Manchester, 1993.
7. Slater, K., “Yarn Evenness”, The Textile Institute, Manchester,
1986.

4. MANUFACTURING OF MANMADE FIBERS 3-0

Manmade Fibers
Latest techniques for producing manmade fibers used in textile industry.

48
Filament Yarns
Modern methods of manufacturing filament yarns used in woven /knitted fabrics
and carpets. Systems of texturizing filament yarns.

Recommended Books
1. Goswami, B. C. and Martindale, J. G., “Textile Yarns: Technology,
Structure and Applications”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1977.
2. Wilson, D. K. and Kullo, T., “The Production of Textured Yarns by
the False-Twist Technique”, The Textile Institute, Manchester,
1989.
3. Wilson, D. K. and Kullo, T., “The Production of Textured Yarns by
Methods Other than False-Twist Technique”, The Textile Institute,
Manchester, 1989.
4. Wilson, D. K., “Monitoring and Testing of Manufactured Fibres”,
The Textile Institute, Manchester, 1998.

5. AIR-CONDITIONING IN TEXTILES INDUSTRY 2-0

Air-conditioning:
Physical Properties of air; composition of air, air pressure, air temperature, air
humidity, heat contents of air, measurement of humidity. Principles of air-
conditioning, comfort and industrial air-conditioning. Basic heat transfer and
mass transfer, application to textile industry. Refrigeration equipment, primary
and secondary refrigerants, Psychometric chart and its use, calculation of
requirements, complete calculation of the simple air-conditioning system. Air
distribution systems, duct design, distribution equipment. Design of an air-
conditioning plant for a textile industry.

Humidification:
Humidity, measurement of humidity, automatic temperature and humidity control;
pneumatic, electric and hydraulic systems. Dehumidification. Equipment
selection and design, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, fans and diffusers, prevention
of noise and vibration, cooling towers.

Ventilation:
Hygienic aspects of ventilation; aims of ventilation, Industrial health hazards
(dust, high temperature, high humidity, deleterious gases, and liquids), types of
ventilation: general air change ventilation, local ventilation, cleaning air of
suspended matter: dry cleaning, wet cleaning. system of air change in textile mill
ventilation: upper-level delivery, low-level delivery, active system of delivery,
dustless system of delivery, features of air delivery and removal from
windowless buildings. Equipment.
Ventilating, humidifying and air conditioning installations employed in textile mills
processing different fibres

49
Illumination:
Introduction, requirement of illumination in the different sections of textile
industry, effect of illumination on working efficiency.

PRACTICAL
Practical work will be based on the contents of the course.

Books recommended
1. Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Heating in Textile Mills, by N. Sorokin.
2. Modern Air Conditioning Practice, by, Norman C. Harris
3. Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, by Althouse, Turnquist and
Bracciano.
4. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, by Wilbert F. Stocker and Jerold W.
Jones

50
Eighth Semester
1. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 3-1

Sources of Energy
Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy, recovery of waste heat,
applicable principles

Atmospheric Pollution
Its origin and prevention, emission and control technology, industrial air pollution,
air quality pollution and criteria setting.

Noise and Noise Control

General consideration, environmental noise sources evaluation, methods and
techniques to control and reduce noise level.

Solid Waste Management

Composition of textile wastes, collection systems and alternatives for treatment
and reuse.

Health and Industrial Safety

ESSA requirements related to the safety of workers, OHSA standard.

ISO 14000
EMS (Environment Management System). Environmental Aspects Identification.
Tracking environmental laws and regulations. Setting objectives and targets.
Scheduling for EMS action plan. Documentations and communication (internal
and external parties) EMS auditing.

LAB: Laboratory work will be based on the contents of the course.

Recommended Books
1. Environmental Chemistry by A.K. Dee
2. Environmental Science, the way the world works by B. J. Nebel, 1990.
3. Environmental impact of chemical industry, A. Hursthouse in “ An
introduction to industrial chemistry” by Ed. By Alan Heaton
4. Environmental Engineering by Gerard Kiely

51
2. MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING 3–1

Basic Principles
Basic principles of preventive and scheduled maintenance, inspection, cleaning,
servicing, lubrication, replacement, repair, factors necessitating regular
maintenance, maintenance personnel, schedule and procedures.

Types of Maintenance Equipment and Maintenance

Electrical equipment, electrical motors and generators, electrical controls,
electrical brakes, batteries, mechanical equipment: bearings, clutches, brakes,
couplings, power transmission gear drives, wear and tear of most likely
components of textile machines, overhauling criteria. Environmental effects on
the performance of different textile machines.

Record Keeping
Accuracy/ efficiency testing charts, routine maintenance charts and log sheets,
performance, reports, histories, job order forms scheduling.

Repairing of different machines components

Main methods, welding, machining and replacement.

Maintenance costs
Major components, personnel, material, storage, downtimes, reassembling.

Calibration
Introduction, calibration and ISO, calibration standards, primary and secondary
standards, traceability of standards, calibration of balances, dimensions,
pressure gauges, load cells, thermometers and thermocouples, temperature
gauges and indicators, volumetric gauges, documentation and record keeping
for standards and calibrated equipments.

Spares Storage
Criteria for storage of parts, care during storage.

Safety
Precautions, installation, testing and replacement of safety warning equipment,
alarms, shut-off procedures, evacuations.

PRACTICAL
As per course outline

Recommended Books:
1. Lewis, B. T., “Management Hand Book for Plant Engineers”,
McGrawHill.
2. Higgins, L. R. and Morro, L. C., “Maintenance Engineering Hand Book”,
McGrawHill.

52
3. COLOR PHYSICS 2-0

Introduction
Definitions, nature of light, waves, electromagnetic waves, spectrum, wavelength
range of light, assignment of color in visual spectrum, monochromators, prism,
diffraction grating, light sources, continuous sources, daylight, incandescence,
tungsten filament, black body radiators, color temperature, line sources, gas
discharge lamps, fluorescent lamps, triphosphor lamps,

The Human Eye

Convex lens, rods, cones, photopic & scotopic curves, luminance, fovea,
ganglion cell, optic nerve, brain, theories of color vision, color deficiency, color
vision tests, eye brain effects,

Color Reflection
Absorption of light by dyes and pigments, reflectance and transmission,
reflectance curves, fluorescence, metamerism,

Color Mixing
Additive, portative, subtractive, color reproduction, color description, hue,
lightness, and saturation,

Color systems
Color order systems, Munsell system, NCS, Pantone, deficiencies of color
atlases, the CIE System, color differences, color and concentration,

Color Measurement
Principle of color measurement, color measuring instruments: colorimeters and
spectrophotometers, anatomy of spectrophotometers, comparison visual and
instrumental color assessment, and system selection.

Computer Color Matching

Introduction to computer color matching, components of color matching system,
color matching software, lab procedures and database preparation, recipe
prediction by computer, recipe evaluation and correction.

Color and Quality Control in Production

Assessment of color difference, perceptibility and acceptability, assessment of
whiteness, problems in color matching, metamerism, dichroism, strength
analysis of dye solution, relative dye strength and tone analysis, shade sorting,
instrumental assessment of color fastness, on-line color and quality control,
reproducibility.

53
Recommended Books
1. Kurt Nassan, “The Physics and Chemistry of Colour”, John Willy’s &
Sons, 2001
2. Hans G. Volz, “Industrial Colour Testing”, Willy’s-VCH, 1995
3. Rodricick McDonald, “Colour Physics for Industry”, Society of Dyers &
Colorists, 1997.

4. TEXTILE MARKETING 2-0

Overview to Marketing
Understanding marketing and the marketing process, basic concepts and
definitions, marketing in changing world, marketing process, marketing
environment

Analysis of Target Markets

Consumer marketing and consumer buying behavior, business marketing and
business buying behavior, marketing segmentation, targeting, positioning and
demand forecasting for competitive advantage.

Marketing Mix Product Designing

Essentials for product design, products Vs customer needs and wants, brand
packaging and services, new product development and product life cycle.

Product Pricing
Pricing essentials and factors, pricing approaches, pricing strategies

Product Placement
Understanding the need of placement / distribution, nature of distribution
channels, channel behavior and organization, retailing and whole selling

Product Promotion
Advertising, sales promotion and public relation, personal selling, managing
sales force, principles of personal selling

Managing marketing Efforts

Competitors analysis, competitive strategies, balancing, retaining customers and
competitors Orientation

54
Recommended Books
1. Principles of Marketing by Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong
2. Marketing in Action by Richard

5. GRADUATION THESIS 0–4

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. A four-year BE/BSc Textile Engineering programme should have at

least 134 credit hours. In order to impart more knowledge to the
students, universities may increase the number of credit hours keeping
in view the availability of faculty and teaching facilities.

2. Each academic year should have two terms/semesters and each

term/semester should spread over a period of 16 working weeks.

3. The finalized curriculum should be circulated among the related

universities for adoption after getting approval through their respective
bodies.

4. The class rooms should be provided with modern teaching aids like
overhead projector, multimedia projector etc.

5. Higher Education Commission should provide adequate funds for

upgrading the laboratories of the universities. The testing laboratories
of the universities should be accredited.

6. Refresher courses may be arranged for faculty members in

collaboration with Higher Education Commission, textile industry,
national and foreign universities.

7. Higher Education Commission should provide adequate funds for

faculty members to participate in relevant national and international
industrial fairs / conferences.

8. Higher Education Commission should organize training courses in

teaching methodologies for teachers on regular basis.

9. Linkages between the universities and industry should be established.

The academic institution should work as solution providers for technical
problems faced by industry.

55
10. The experts in the field should deliver lectures on various areas of
specialization in the universities.

11. The universities should have strong contacts with the alumni and
alumni bodies should be encouraged / patronized by the universities.

12. Industrial internship is important for the students. It creates

interest/awareness about the engineering processes. The students
should undertake internship for a period of 4-6 weeks in the third year.
The industrial internship should be made compulsory for the award of
BE/BSc degree.

13. There should be a separate meeting of two days to develop the

curriculum for ME/MSc. Textile Engineering.

_______-sd-___________ _________-sd-______________
Dr. Mumtaz Hassan Malik Prof. Dr. Rafique Ahmed Jhatial
Convener Secretary

_______________-sd-_______________________
Wing Commander Syed Badar-u-ddin Hashmi ®
Member

56