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0 OBJECTIVE
3.0 INTRODUCTION
The following moisture conditions - liquid unlit, plastic limit, along with
shrinkage limit are referred to as the "Atterberg Limits", after the originator of the
test procedures. Semi-Solid .StagySolid State Atterbera Limits and Indices. The
plastic limit, also known as the lower plastic limit, is the water content at which a
soil changes from the plastic state to a semisolid state. A plastic limit set is an
apparatus that is used to determine the plastic limit of soil.
4.0 THEORY
Plastic limit ( P w ) of soil is defined as the water content at which a soil
will just begin to crumble when rolled into a thread of approximately 3 mm in
diameter. It is water content at the boundary between the plastic and semi-solid
states of consistency of the soil. Plasticity index (PI or IP) is the numerical
difference of the liquid and plastic limit, and indicates the range of water content
through which the soil remains plastic.
PI = LL – PL
For fine grained soils, determining the natural water content (the water
content of a soil in an undisturbed condition in the ground) and relating it to the
plastic and liquid limits can provide an indication of the soil’s consistency and/or
sensitivity potential. One such relationship is the liquidity index.
w − PL
IL =
PI
Consistency index is defined as the ratio of the liquid limit minus the natural
water content to the plasticity index of a soil.
LL − w
Cr =
PI
Plasticity Index Degree of Plasticity Type of Soil
(IP or PI)
0 Non-Plastic Sand
<7 Low-Plastic Silt
7-17 Medium Plastic Silty clay or clayey silt
> 17 Highly Plastic Clay
Classification of soil according to plasticity.
(a) (b)
(c)
(d) (e)
DATA SHEET
Mass of dry soil (Ms) = [Mass of can + dry soil (MCS)] – [Mass of can (MC)]
i) Mass of dry soil (Ms) = 11.4 - 9.0 = 2.4 g
ii) Mass of dry soil (Ms) = 11.6 - 9.9 = 1.7 g
iii) Mass of dry soil (Ms) = 11.0 - 9.30 = 1.7 g
iv) Mass of dry soil (Ms) = 11.2 – 9.0 = 2.2 g
Mass of water (MW) = [Mass of can + moist soil] – [Mass of can + dry soil ]
QUESTIONS 1
The plastic limits is arbitrarily defined as the water content at which a silt
or clay will just begin to crumble when rolled into a thread
approximately 3.2 mm in diameter (ASTM D 4318-98, 2000).
Both of these definitions are based on empirical concepts.
(b) A sample of wet clay and its container weigh 102 g. After oven drying the
sample and the container weigh 60 g. What is the water content and
plastic limit for the soil?
M1 − M 2 96 − 54
∴w = × 100% = × 100% = 77.78%
M2 54
QUESTIONS 2
(a) What is the different between liquid limit and plastic limit?
Different between liquid limit and plastic limit is behavior change between
the liquid and plastic states and between the plastic and semisolid states of
a silt or clay. Liquid limit is arbitrarily defined as the water content at
which a part of soil, cut by a groove of standard dimensions and
will flow together for a distance of 12.7mm under the impact of 20
blows in a standard liquid limit device. Plastic limit is arbitrarily
defined as the water content at which a silt or clay will just begin to
crumble when rolled into a thread approximately 3.2mm in diameter.
(b) A sample of wet clay weighs 176 g. After oven drying the sample weigh
60 g and its container is 7.32 g. What is the water content and plastic limit
for the soil?
M1 − M 2 116 − 52.68
∴w = × 100% = × 100% = 120.2%
M2 52.68