25) Mohavichedani TP

lj;o-;"rL
clewƙdfltsĕkflń 4= k'Ʈnkţlųdfltsĕ 14
5= syfjŴ'dfltsĕ 14
1= wƙ;ś)Ldfltsĕ 4 k'Ʈnsyf 14
ltsdfltsĕ 4 ;'ź;lŝsŪcg'nádkŝgLs+þ 14
b'sdfltsĕ 4 ;'ź;lŝsŪkŝgLsĕg'nád+ 15
x]t'±uëfŞs+þ 4 cásĕ;;lŝsŪcg'nádkŝgLs+þ 16
r"ńƃ/b's+þ 4 sĕn;lŝsŪcg'nádkŝgLs+þ 16
cf;j±uëfŞs+þ 4 cjoj;lŝsŪcg'nádkŝgLs+þ 17
;ţáhg±uëfŞs+þ 5 cásĕ;;lŝsŪkŝgLsĕg'nád+ 17
uƅ±uëfŞs+þ 5 sĕn;lŝsŪkŝgLsĕg'nád+ 17
cá#±uëfŞs+þ 5 cjoj;lŝsŪkŝgLsĕg'nád+ 17
oáu±uëfŞs+þ 5 6= odsdfltsĕ 18
gLj/)±uëfŞs+þ 5
k/fdf;±uëfŞs+þ 5 d"nods+þ 18
dxƃ/b's+þ 5 s';nkbgort'Ŋ+þ 18
pkfbfg±uëfŞs+þ 6 cs';nkbgort'Ŋ+þ 18
lsn];±uëfŞs+þ 6 cƓfstkbgort'Ŋ+þ 19
lklŪb's+þ 6 gfdkbgort'Ŋ+þ 19
;'ųlƃsb'sdfltsĕ 6 vƈods+þ 20
2= ljeśdfltsĕ 6 kŰlųjf/á 20
kb;áwgjf/á 20
vƈljeśá 7
cg'nád+ 20
cfotgljeśá 7
kŝgLs+þ 20
wft'ljeśá 7
kb;áwgd"nrŊþjf/á 20
;ŝljeśá 7
cg'nád+ 20
OlƇoljeśá 7
kŝgLs+þ 21
klŝ;d'ƍfbljeśá 7
;'źvƈjf/á 21
;ltkŪfgljeśá 7
cg'nád+ 21
;ƙƍwfgljeśá 7
kŝgLs+þ 21
Olźkfbljeśá 8
;'źvƈd"nrŊþjf/á 21
aáŢśljeśá 8
cg'nád+ 22
dƮśljeśá 8
kŝgLs+þ 22
´fgljeśá 8
cƍdţfljeśá 8 cfotgods+þ 23
l;ŋĕkbljeśá 9 kŰlųjf/á 23
kl;lƘbfljeśá 9 kb;áwgjf/á 23
`f)ljeśá 9 cg'nád+ 23
v'ŹsjŴ'ljeśá 11 kŝgLs+þ 23
Pss+þ 11 kb;áwgd"nrŊþjf/á 23
b's+þ 12 cg'nád+ 23
lts+þ 12 kŝgLs+þ 24
rt'Ŋ+þ 12 ;'źfotgjf/á 24
kťs+þ 12 cg'nád+ 24
%Ŋ+þ 12 kŝgLs+þ 24
;ųs+þ 12 ;'źfotgd"nrŊþjf/á 25
cŪs+þ 12 cg'nád+ 25
gjs+þ 12 kŝgLs+þ 25
b;s+þ 13 wft'ods+þ 25
wƙxboljeśá 13 kŰlųjf/á 25
3= wft'syfdfltsĕ 13 kb;áwgjf/á 25
godfltsĕ 13 cg'nád+ 25
cưƃ/dfltsĕ 13 kŝgLs+þ 26
god'vdfltsĕ 13 kb;áwgd"nrŊþjf/á 26
nŋ)dfltsĕ 13 cg'nád+ 26
aflx/dfltsĕ 14 kŝgLs+þ 26
;'źwft'jf/á 26
1
cg'nád+ 26 10= pƍƉ'ƍfbjf/á 34
kŝgLs+þ 26 11= ctLtfgfutjf/á 34
;'źwft'd"nrŊþjf/á 26 12= pƍƉ'ƍşdfgjf/á 34
cg'nád+ 26 13= lg?źlg?Ţdfgjf/á 34
kŝgLs+þ 27 14= cltŊþƃsĕnjf/á 34
;ŝods+þ 27 ;'źlrų;fdţ+ 34
kŰlųjf/á 27 k'Ʈnwƙjf/á 34
kb;áwgjf/á 27 1= pƍfblg/áwsĕn;Ƙ]bjf/á 34
cg'nád+ 27 2= pƍfb'ƍƉjf/á 34
kŝgLs+þ 27 3= lg/áw'ƍƉjf/á 35
kb;áwgd"nrŊþjf/á 27 4= pƍfbjf/á 35
cg'nád+ 27 5= lg/áwjf/á 35
kŝgLs+þ 28 6= pƍfblg/áwjf/á 35
;'ź;ŝjf/á 28 7= pƍşdfgglg/áwjf/á 35
cg'nád+ 28 8= pƍşdfg'ƍƉjf/á 35
kŝgLs+þ 28 9= lg?Ţdfg'ƍƉjf/á 36
;'ź;ŝd"nrŊþjf/á 28 10= pƍƉ'ƍfbjf/á 36
cg'nád+ 28 11= ctLtfgfutjf/á 36
kŝgLs+þ 29 12= pƍƉ'ƍşdfgjf/á 36
;řf/ods+þ 29 13= lg?źlg?Ţdfgjf/á 36
kŰlųjf/á 29 14= cltŊþƃsĕnjf/á 36
kb;áwgjf/á 29 ;'ųƃlrųldƧslj;];á 36
cg'nád+ 29 clewƙlrųldƧslj;];á 36
kŝgLs+þ 29 wƙods+þ 37
kb;áwgd"nrŊþjf/á 29 kŰlųjf/á 37
cg'nád+ 29 kb;áwgjf/á 37
kŝgLs+þ 30 cg'nád+ 37
;'ź;řf/jf/á 30 kŝgLs+þ 37
cg'nád+ 30 kb;áwgd"nrŊþjf/á 37
kŝgLs+þ 30 cg'nád+ 37
cg';oods+þ 30 kŝgLs+þ 37
lrųods+þ 30 ;'źwƙjf/á 37
;'źlrų;fdţ+ 30 cg'nád+ 38
k'Ʈnjf/á 30 kŝgLs+þ 38
1= pƍfblg/áwsĕn;Ƙ]bjf/á 30 ;'źwƙd"nrŊþjf/á 38
2= pƍfb'ƍƉjf/á 31 cg'nád+ 38
3= lg/áw'ƍƉjf/á 31 kŝgLs+þ 38
4= pƍfbjf/á 31 OlƇoods+þ 38
5= lg/áwjf/á 31 kŰlųjf/á 38
6= pƍfblg/áwjf/á 31 kb;áwgjf/á 38
7= pƍşdfgglg/áwjf/á 31 cg'nád+ 39
8= pƍşdfg'ƍƉjf/á 31 kŝgLs+þ 39
9= lg?Ţdfg'ƍƉjf/á 32 kb;áwgd"nrŊþjf/á 39
10= pƍƉ'ƍfbjf/á 32 cg'nád+ 40
11= ctLtfgfutjf/á 32 kŝgLs+þ 41
12= pƍƉ'ƍşdfgjf/á 32 ;'lźlƇojf/á 42
13= lg?źlg?Ţdfgjf/á 32 cg'nád+ 42
14= cltŊþƃsĕnjf/á 32 kŝgLs+þ 42
;'źlrų;fdţ+ 32 ;'lźlƇod"nrŊþjf/á 43
wƙjf/á 32 cg'nád+ 43
1= pƍfblg/áwsĕn;Ƙ]bjf/á 32 kŝgLs+þ 44
2= pƍfb'ƍƉjf/á 33 7= kŪfgdfltsĕ 44
3= lg/áw'ƍƉjf/á 33 lgudg+ 45
4= pƍfbjf/á 33 dáxljŞ]bgL
5= lg/áwjf/á 33 uƅf/Ƙsyf 45
6= pƍfblg/áwjf/á 33
7= pƍşdfgglg/áwjf/á 33 1= wƙ;ś)Ldfltsĕ 46
8= pƍşdfg'ƍƉjf/á 33 ltskbŴjŰgf 46
9= lg?Ţdfg'ƍƉjf/á 33 s';nlųsjŰgf 47
2
s';nkbŴá 48 wƙxboljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 123
cs';nkbŴá 58 3= wft'syfdfltsĕ 126
náed"njŰgf 58 ;śxf;śxkbŴjŰgf 126
bá;d"njŰgf 59 ;ślxt]gc;ślxtkbŴjŰgf 127
dáxd"njŰgf 60 c;ślxt]g;ślxtkbŴjŰgf 128
cƓfstkbŴá 60 ;ślxt]g;ślxtkbŴjŰgf 128
cx]t'ss';nljkfsjŰgf 60 c;ślxt]gc;ślxtkbŴjŰgf 128
;x]t'ss';nljkfsjŰgf 61 ;ƕoáuljƍoáukbŴjŰgf 129
¿kfjr/ljkfsjŰgf 61 ;ƕo'ų]gljƍo'ųkbŴjŰgf 129
c¿kfjr/ljkfsjŰgf 62 ljƍo'ų]g;ƕo'ųkbŴjŰgf 129
nás'ų/ljkfsjŰgf 62 ;ƕo'ų]g;ƕo'ųkbŴjŰgf 129
cx]t'slsl/ofjŰgf 62 ljƍo'ų]gljƍo'ųkbŴjŰgf 130
;x]t'ssĕdfjr/lsl/ofjŰgf 63 ;ślxt]g;ƕo'ųljƍo'ųkbŴjŰgf 130
¿kfjr/lsl/ofjŰgf 63 ;ƕo'ų]g;ślxtf;ślxtkbŴjŰgf 130
c¿kfjr/lsl/ofjŰgf 63 c;ślxt]g;ƕo'ųljƍo'ųkbŴjŰgf 130
klsŰssyfjŰgf 63 ljƍo'ų]g;ślxtf;ślxtkbŴjŰgf 131
lgƑfgfƓfstjŰgf 71
j]bgflųsĕlbjŰgf 71
4= k'Ʈnkţlųdfltsĕ 131
PssdfltsŴjŰgf 131
clewƙb'sdfltsŴjŰgf 77 b'sĕlbdfltsŴjŰgf 133
;'ųlƃsb'sdfltsŴjŰgf 83 5= syfjŴ'dfltsĕ 135
2= ljeśdfltsĕ 86 k'ƮnsyfjŰgf 135
vƈljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 86 kl/xflgsyflbjŰgf 139
cfotgljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 89
wft'ljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 90
6= odsdfltsĕ 141
;ŝljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 91 d"nodsdfltsŴjŰgf 141
OlƇoljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 94 vƈodsdfltsŴjŰgf 143
kŝofsĕ/ljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 95 cfotgodsdfltsŴjŰgf 146
;ltkŪfgljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 99 wft'odsdfltsŴjŰgf 146
;ƙƍwfgljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 100 ;ŝodsdfltsŴjŰgf 146
OlźkfbljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 101 ;řf/odsdfltsŴjŰgf 147
aáŢśljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 102 cg';oodsdfltsŴjŰgf 148
dƮśljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 103 lrųodsdfltsŴjŰgf 152
´fgljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 104 wƙodsdfltsŴjŰgf 154
cƍdţfljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 108 OlƇoodsdfltsŴjŰgf 155
l;ŋĕkbljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 109 7= kŪfgdfltsŴjŰgf 155
kl;lƘbfljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 110 klsŰsljlgŞoá 158
`f)ljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 110 lgudgsyf 166
v'ŹsjŴ'ljeśdfltsŴjŰgf 118
3
25 dáxljŞ]bgL ‘clewƙdfltsĕkflń’M
136
Ķ gdá tƧ eujtá c/xtá ;ƙf;Ɨ'źƧĶ
clewƙdfltsĕkflń
Ps+þ ;do+ eujf b]j];' ljx/lt tfjƸt;ejg] kfl/Şųsd"n] ků'sƗnl;nfo+. tŶ ±vëf eujf b]jfg+ tfjƸt;fg+
clewƙsy+ s±yël;.
1= wƙ;ś)Ldfltsĕ
ltsdfltsĕ
s';nf wƙf ‘w0;0ltsdfltsĕ 1-22’, cs';nf wƙf, cƓfstf wƙf. ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųf wƙf, b'ŋĕo
j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųf wƙf, cb'ŋd;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųf wƙf. ljkfsĕ wƙf, ljkfswƙwƙf, g]jljkfsgljkfswƙwƙf.
pkflbŰ'kfbflgof wƙf, cg'kflbŰ'kfbflgof wƙf, cg'kflbŰcg'kfbflgof wƙf. ;+lslnŪ;+lsn]l;sĕ wƙf,
c;+lslnŪ;+lsn]l;sĕ wƙf, c;+lslnŪc;+lsn]l;sĕ wƙf. ;ljtŊþ;ljrf/f wƙf, cljtŊþljrf/dųf wƙf, cljtŊþcljrf/f
wƙf. kLlt;xutf wƙf, ;'v;xutf wƙf, pk]ŋĕ;xutf wƙf. bƧg]g kxftƑf wƙf, efjgfo kxftƑf wƙf, g]j
bƧg]g g efjgfo kxftƑf wƙf. bƧg]g kxftƑx]t'sĕ wƙf, efjgfo kxftƑx]t'sĕ wƙf, g]j bƧg]g g efjgfo
kxftƑx]t'sĕ wƙf cfroufldgá wƙf, ckroufldgá wƙf, g]jfroufldgfkroufldgá wƙf. ;]ŋĕ wƙf, c;]ŋĕ wƙf,
g]j;]ŋgf;]ŋĕ wƙf. kl/ųf wƙf, dxƮtf wƙf, cƍdf)f wƙf. kl/ųf/ƙ)f wƙf, dxƮtf/ƙ)f wƙf, cƍdf)f/ƙ)f
wƙf. xLgf wƙf, dlŢdf wƙf, k)Ltf wƙf. ldŞųlgotf wƙf, ;ƙųlgotf wƙf, clgotf wƙf. dƮf/ƙ)f wƙf,
dƮx]t'sĕ wƙf, dƮflwkltgá wƙf. pƍƉf wƙf, cg'ƍƉf wƙf, pƍflbgá wƙf. ctLtf wƙf, cgfutf wƙf, kŝ'ƍƉf
wƙf. ctLtf/ƙ)f wƙf, cgfutf/ƙ)f wƙf, kŝ'ƍƉf/ƙ)f wƙf. cŢųf wƙf, alxźf wƙf, cŢųalxźf wƙf.
cŢųf/ƙ)f wƙf, alxźf/ƙ)f wƙf, cŢųalxźf/ƙ)f wƙf. ;lgbƧg;ƍl#f wƙf, clgbƧg;ƍl#f wƙf,
clgbƧgcƍl#f wƙf ‘w0;0ltsdfltsĕ 1-22’.
ƀfjL;ltlts+þ.
b'sdfltsĕ
x]t'±uëfŞs+þ
x]t" wƙf, g x]t" wƙf. ;x]t'sĕ wƙf, cx]t'sĕ wƙf. x]t';ƕo'ųf wƙf, x]t'ljƍo'ųf wƙf. x]t" r]j wƙf
;x]t'sĕ r, ;x]t'sĕ r]j wƙf g r x]t". x]t" r]j wƙf x]t';ƕo'ųf r, x]t';ƕo'ųf r]j wƙf g r x]t". g x]t" ±vëf kg
wƙf ;x]t'sĕlk, cx]t'sĕlk. x]t'±uëfŞs+þ.
r"ńƃ/b's+þ
;ƍŝof wƙf, cƍŝof wƙf. ;řtf wƙf, c;řtf wƙf. ;lgbƧgf wƙf, clgbƧgf wƙf. ;ƍl#f wƙf,
cƍl#f wƙf. ¿lkgá wƙf, c¿lkgá wƙf. nálsof wƙf, nás'ų/f wƙf. s]þglr ljţ]Ɯf wƙf, s]þglr g ljţ]Ɯf
wƙf. r"ńƃ/b's+þ.
cf;j±uëfŞs+þ
4
cf;jf wƙf, gá cf;jf wƙf. ;f;jf wƙf, cgf;jf wƙf. cf;j;ƕo'ųf wƙf, cf;jljƍo'ųf wƙf.
cf;jf r]j wƙf ;f;jf r, ;f;jf r]j wƙf gá r cf;jf. cf;jf r]j wƙf cf;j;ƕo'ųf r, cf;j;ƕo'ųf r]j wƙf
gá r cf;jf. cf;jljƍo'ųf ±vëf kg wƙf ;f;jflk, cgf;jflk. cf;j±uëfŞs+þ.
;ţáhg±uëfŞs+þ
;ţáhgf wƙf, gá ;ţáhgf wƙf. ;ţáhlgof wƙf, c;ţáhlgof wƙf. ;ţáhg;ƕo'ųf wƙf, ;ţáhgljƍo'ųf
wƙf. ;ţáhgf r]j wƙf ;ţáhlgof r, ;ţáhlgof r]j wƙf gá r ;ţáhgf. ;ţáhgf r]j wƙf ;ţáhg;ƕo'ųf r,
;ţáhg;ƕo'ųf r]j wƙf gá r ;ţáhgf. ;ţáhgljƍo'ųf ±vëf kg wƙf ;ţáhlgoflk, c;ţáhlgoflk. ;ţáhg±uëfŞs+þ.
uƅ±uëfŞs+þ
uƅf wƙf, gá uƅf wƙf. uƅlgof wƙf, cuƅlgof wƙf. uƅ;ƕo'ųf wƙf, uƅljƍo'ųf wƙf. uƅf r]j
wƙf uƅlgof r, uƅlgof r]j wƙf gá r uƅf uƅf r]j wƙf uƅ;ƕo'ųf r, uƅ;ƕo'ųf r]j wƙf gá r uƅf.
uƅljƍo'ųf ±vëf kg wƙf uƅlgoflk, cuƅlgoflk. uƅ±uëfŞs+þ.
cá#±uëfŞs+þ
cá#f wƙf, gá cá#f wƙf. cá#lgof wƙf, cgá#lgof wƙf. cá#;ƕo'ųf wƙf, cá#ljƍo'ųf wƙf. cá#f
r]j wƙf cá#lgof r, cá#lgof r]j wƙf gá r cá#f. cá#f r]j wƙf cá#;ƕo'ųf r, cá#;ƕo'ųf r]j wƙf gá r
cá#f. cá#ljƍo'ųf ±vëf kg wƙf cá#lgoflk, cgá#lgoflk. cá#±uëfŞs+þ.
oáu±uëfŞs+þ
oáuf wƙf, gá oáuf wƙf. oáulgof wƙf, coáulgof wƙf. oáu;ƕo'ųf wƙf, oáuljƍo'ųf wƙf. oáuf
r]j wƙf oáulgof r, oáulgof r]j wƙf gá r oáuf. oáuf r]j wƙf oáu;ƕo'ųf r, oáu;ƕo'ųf r]j wƙf gá r
oáuf. oáuljƍo'ųf ±vëf kg wƙf oáulgoflk, coáulgoflk. oáu±uëfŞs+þ.
gLj/)±uëfŞs+þ
gLj/)f wƙf, gá gLj/)f wƙf. gLj/l)of wƙf, cgLj/l)of wƙf. gLj/);ƕo'ųf wƙf,
gLj/)ljƍo'ųf wƙf. gLj/)f r]j wƙf gLj/l)of r, gLj/l)of r]j wƙf gá r gLj/)f. gLj/)f r]j wƙf
gLj/);ƕo'ųf r, gLj/);ƕo'ųf r]j wƙf gá r gLj/)f. gLj/)ljƍo'ųf ±vëf kg wƙf gLj/l)oflk,
cgLj/l)oflk. gLj/)±uëfŞs+þ.
k/fdf;±uëfŞs+þ
k/fdf;f wƙf, gá k/fdf;f wƙf. k/fdŪf wƙf, ck/fdŪf wƙf. k/fdf;;ƕo'ųf wƙf, k/fdf;ljƍo'ųf
wƙf. k/fdf;f r]j wƙf k/fdŪf r, k/fdŪfr]j wƙf gá r k/fdf;f. k/fdf;ljƍo'ųf ±vëf kg wƙf k/fdŪflk,
ck/fdŪflk. k/fdf;±uëfŞs+þ.
dxƃ/b's+þ
;f/ƙ)f wƙf, cgf/ƙ)f wƙf. lrųf wƙf, gá lrųf wƙf. r]tl;sĕ wƙf, cr]tl;sĕ wƙf. lrų;ƕo'ųf
wƙf, lrųljƍo'ųf wƙf. lrų;+;Ūf wƙf, lrųlj;+;Ūf wƙf. lrų;d'Ūfgf wƙf, gá lrų;d'Ūfgf wƙf. lrų;xe'gá
wƙf, gá lrų;xe'gá wƙf. lrųfg'kl/jlųgá wƙf, gá lrųfg'kl/jlųgá wƙf. lrų;+;Ū;d'Ūfgf wƙf, gá
lrų;+;Ū;d'Ūfgf wƙf. lrų;+;Ū;d'Ūfg;xe'gá wƙf, gá lrų;+;Ū;d'Ūfg;xe'gá wƙf. lrų;+;Ū;d'Ūfgfg'kl/jlųgá
wƙf, gá lrų;+;Ū;d'Ūfgfg'kl/jlųgá wƙf. cŢlųsĕ wƙf, aflx/f wƙf. pkfbf wƙf, gá pkfbf wƙf. pkflbŰf
wƙf, cg'kflbŰf wƙf. dxƃ/b's+þ.
5
pkfbfg±uëfŞs+þ
pkfbfgf wƙf, gá pkfbfgf wƙf. pkfbflgof wƙf, cg'kfbflgof wƙf. pkfbfg;ƕo'ųf wƙf,
pkfbfgljƍo'ųf wƙf. pkfbfgf r]j wƙf pkfbflgof r, pkfbflgof r]j wƙf gá r pkfbfgf. pkfbfgf r]j wƙf
pkfbfg;ƕo'ųf r, pkfbfg;ƕo'ųf r]j wƙf gá r pkfbfgf. pkfbfgljƍo'ųf ±vëf kg wƙf pkfbflgoflk,
cg'kfbflgoflk. pkfbfg±uëfŞs+þ.
lsn];±uëfŞs+þ
lsn];f wƙf, gá lsn];f wƙf. ;+lsn]l;sĕ wƙf, c;+lsn]l;sĕ wƙf. ;+lslnŪf wƙf, c;+lslnŪf wƙf.
lsn];;ƕo'ųf wƙf, lsn];ljƍo'ųf wƙf. lsn];f r]j wƙf ;+lsn]l;sĕ r, ;+lsn]l;sĕ r]j wƙf gá r lsn];f. lsn];f
r]j wƙf ;+lslnŪf r, ;+lslnŪf r]j wƙf gá r lsn];f. lsn];f r]j wƙf lsn];;ƕo'ųf r, lsn];;ƕo'ųf r]j wƙf gá
r lsn];f. lsn];ljƍo'ųf ±vëf kg wƙf ;+lsn]l;sĕlk, c;+lsn]l;sĕlk. lsn];±uëfŞs+þ.
lklŪb's+þ
bƧg]g kxftƑf wƙf, g bƧg]g kxftƑf wƙf. efjgfo kxftƑf wƙf, g efjgfo kxftƑf wƙf.
bƧg]g kxftƑx]t'sĕ wƙf, g bƧg]g kxftƑx]t'sĕ wƙf. efjgfo kxftƑx]t'sĕ wƙf, g efjgfo kxftƑx]t'sĕ wƙf.
;ljtŊĕ wƙf, cljtŊĕ wƙf. ;ljrf/f wƙf, cljrf/f wƙf. ;ƍLltsĕ wƙf, cƍLltsĕ wƙf. kLlt;xutf wƙf, g
kLlt;xutf wƙf. ;'v;xutf wƙf, g ;'v;xutf wƙf. pk]ŋĕ;xutf wƙf, g pk]ŋĕ;xutf wƙf. sĕdfjr/f wƙf,
g sĕdfjr/f wƙf. ¿kfjr/f wƙf, g ¿kfjr/f wƙf. c¿kfjr/f wƙf, g c¿kfjr/f wƙf. kl/ofkƉf wƙf,
ckl/ofkƉf wƙf. lgƜflgsĕ wƙf, clgƜflgsĕ wƙf. lgotf wƙf, clgotf wƙf. ;pų/f wƙf, cg'ų/f wƙf.
;/)f wƙf, c/)f wƙf. lklŪb's+þ.
clewƙb'sdfltsĕ.
;'ųlƃsb'sdfltsĕ
ljşĕeflugá wƙf, cljşĕeflugá wƙf. ljş"kdf wƙf, jlh¿kdf wƙf. afnf wƙf, klůtf wƙf. sŲf
wƙf ;'Ŋĕ wƙf. tkgLof wƙf, ctkgLof wƙf. clwjrgf wƙf, clwjrgkyf wƙf. lg?lų wƙf, lg?lųkyf
wƙf. kţlų wƙf, kţlųkyf wƙf. gfdť, ¿kť. cljşĕ r, ejtŲf r. ejlblŪ r, ljejlblŪ r. ;ƧtlblŪ
r, pŞ]blblŪ r. cƃjf lblŪ r, cgƃjf lblŪ r. k'Ƒƃfg'lblŪ r, ck/ƃfg'lblŪ r. clxl/sť, cgáųƍť. lx/L
r, cáųƍť. bájrƧtf r, kfkldųtf r. ;ájrƧtf r, sƠf)ldųtf r. cfklųs';ntf r, cfklųj'Ūfgs';ntf
r. ;dfklųs';ntf r, ;dfklųj'Ūfgs';ntf r. wft's';ntf r, dgl;sĕ/s';ntf r. cfotgs';ntf r,
klŝ;d'ƍfbs';ntf r. &fgs';ntf r, cŪfgs';ntf r. cşjá r, dŹjá r. vlƃ r, ;á/ŝť. ;fvƠť,
kl;ƅf/á r. OlƇo];' cu'ųƀf/tf r, eáhg] cdųţ'tf r. OlƇo];' u'ųƀf/tf r, eáhg] dųţ'tf r. d'ŪƧŝť,
c;ƕhţť. ;lt r, ;ƕhţť. kl;řfganť, efjgfanť. ;d±yëf r, ljkƧgf r. ;dylgldųť,
kƮfxlgldųť. kƮfxá r, cljŋ]ká r. ;Lnljklų r, lblŪljklų r. ;Ln;ƕbf r, lblŪ;ƕbf r. ;Lnlj;'lź r,
lblŪlj;'lź r. lblŪlj;'lź ±vëf kg, oyflblŪƧ r kwfg+. ;+j]±uëf r ;+j]hlgo];' &fg];', ;+ljƮƧ r oálg;á kwfg+.
c;ƃ'lŪtf r s';n];' wƙ];', cƍljflgtf r kwfgƸƨ. ljşĕ r, ljd'lų r. vo] `f)+, cg'ƍfb] `f)lƃ.
;'ųlƃsb'sdfltsĕ.
wƙ;ś)Ldfltsĕ lglŪtf.
2= ljeśdfltsĕ
6
vƈljeśá
kťŋƈf _ ‘lje01’ ¿kŋƈá j]bgfŋƈá ;ţfŋƈá ;řf/ŋƈá ljţf)ŋƈált. vƈljeś+.
cfotgljeśá
ƀfb;fotgflg ‘lje0154’ _ rŋĕotg+ ¿kfotg+ ;átfotg+ ;Źfotg+ #fgfotg+ uƈfotg+ lhƢfotg+
/;fotg+ sĕofotg+ mþáŪƑfotg+ dgfotg+ wƙfotglƃ. cfotgljeś+.
wft'ljeśá
cŪf/; wft'oá ‘lje0183’ _ rŋ'wft' ¿kwft' rŋ'ljţf)wft', ;átwft' ;Źwft' ;átljţf)wft', #fgwft'
uƈwft' #fgljţf)wft', lhƢfwft' /;wft' lhƢfljţf)wft', sĕowft' mþáŪƑwft' sĕoljţf)wft', dgáwft' wƙwft'
dgáljţf)wft"lt. wft'ljeś+.
;ŝljeśá
rųfl/ cl/o;ŝflg ‘lje0189’ _ b'ŋ+ cl/o;ŝ+, b'ŋ;d'bo+ cl/o;ŝ+, b'ŋlg/áw+ cl/o;ŝ+,
b'ŋlg/áwufldgL klkbf cl/o;ŝlƃ. ;ŝljeś+.
OlƇoljeśá
afjL;ltlƇoflg ‘lje0219’ _ rŋ'lƇo+ ;áltlƇo+ #flglƇo+ lhlƢlƇo+ sĕlolƇo+ dlglƇo+ OlŴlƇo+ k'l/l;lƇo+
hËljltlƇo+ ;'lvlƇo+ b'lŋlƇo+ ;ádglƧlƇo+ bádglƧlƇo+ pk]lŋlƇo+ ;lźlƇo+ jLl/lolƇo+ ;ltlƇo+ ;dflwlƇo+ klţlƇo+
cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+ clţlƇo+ cţftfljlƇolƃ. OlƇoljeś+.
klŝ;d'ƍfbljeśá
cljşĕkŝof ;řf/f ‘lje0225’, ;řf/kŝof ljţf)+, ljţf)kŝof gfd¿k+, gfd¿kkŝof ;ńfotg+,
;ńfotgkŝof mþƧá, mþƧkŝof j]bgf, j]bgfkŝof tŲf, tŲfkŝof pkfbfg+, pkfbfgkŝof ejá, ejkŝof hĕlt,
hĕltkŝof h/fd/)+ ;áskl/b]jb'ŋbádgƧ'kfof;f ;Ƙjlƃ, Pjd]tƧ s]þjnƧ b'ŋŋƈƧ ;d'boá xált.
klŝ;d'ƍfbljeś+.
;ltkŪfgljeśá
rųf/á ;ltkŪfgf ‘lje0355’ _ Ow leŋ' cŢų+ sĕo] sĕofg'kƧL ljx/lt, alxźf sĕo] sĕofg'kƧL ljx/lt,
cŢųalxźf sĕo] sĕofg'kƧL ljx/lt cftfkL ;ƕhĕgá ;ltdf ljg]Ɯ nás]þ cleŢĕbádgƧ+.
cŢų+ j]bgf;' j]bgfg'kƧL ljx/lt, alxźf j]bgf;' j]bgfg'kƧL ljx/lt, cŢųalxźf j]bgf;' j]bgfg'kƧL
ljx/lt cftfkL ;ƕhĕgá ;ltdf ljg]Ɯ nás]þ cleŢĕbádgƧ+.
cŢų+ lrų] lrųfg'kƧL ljx/lt, alxźf lrų] lrųfg'kƧL ljx/lt, cŢųalxźf lrų] lrųfg'kƧL ljx/lt cftfkL
;ƕhĕgá ;ltdf ljg]Ɯ nás]þ cleŢĕbádgƧ+.
cŢų+ wƙ];' wƙfg'kƧL ljx/lt, alxźf wƙ];' wƙfg'kƧL ljx/lt, cŢųalxźf wƙ];' wƙfg'kƧL ljx/lt
cftfkL ;ƕhĕgá ;ltdf ljg]Ɯ nás]þ cleŢĕbádgƧ+. ;ltkŪfgljeś+.
;ƙƍwfgljeśá
rųf/á ;ƙƍwfgf ‘lje0390’ _ Ow leŋ' cg'ƍƉfg+ kfksĕg+ cs';nfg+ wƙfg+ cg'ƍfbfo %Ɔ+ hg]lt jfodlt
jLl/o+ cf/elt lrų+ kƮŲflt kbxlt.
pƍƉfg+ kfksĕg+ cs';nfg+ wƙfg+ kxfgfo %Ɔ+ hg]lt jfodlt jLl/o+ cf/elt lrų+ kƮŲflt kbxlt.
cg'ƍƉfg+ s';nfg+ wƙfg+ pƍfbfo %Ɔ+ hg]lt jfodlt jLl/o+ cf/elt lrų+ kƮŲflt kbxlt.
7
pƍƉfg+ s';nfg+ wƙfg+ l&ltof c;ƙá;fo leƜáefjfo j]k'Ɵfo efjgfo kfl/k"l/of %Ɔ+ hg]lt jfodlt jLl/o+
cf/elt lrų+ kƮŲflt kbxlt. ;ƙƍwfgljeś+.
Olźkfbljeśá
rųf/á Olźkfbf ‘lje0430’ _ Ow leŋ' %Ɔ;dflwkwfg;řf/;dƉfut+ Olźkfb+ efj]lt,
jLl/o;dflwkwfg;řf/;dƉfut+ Olźkfb+ efj]lt, lrų;dflwkwfg;řf/;dƉfut+ Olźkfb+ efj]lt,
jLd+;f;dflwkwfg;řf/;dƉfut+ Olźkfb+ efj]lt. Olźkfbljeś+.
aáŢśljeśá
;ų aáŢśf ‘lje0466’ _ ;lt;ƗáŢśá wƙljro;ƗáŢśá jLl/o;ƗáŢśá kLlt;ƗáŢśá kƧlź;ƗáŢśá
;dflw;ƗáŢśá pk]ŋĕ;ƗáŢśá. aáŢśljeś+.
dƮśljeśá
cl/oá cŪlśs]ĕ d±Ʈëf ‘lje0486’. ;]Ɯlyb+ _ ;ƙflblŪ ;ƙf;Řƍá ;ƙfjfrf ;ƙfsƙƃá ;ƙfcfhËjá
;ƙfjfofdá ;ƙf;lt ;ƙf;dflw. dƮśljeś+.
´fgljeśá
Ow leŋ' kfltdáŋ;+j/;+j'tá ljx/lt ‘lje0508’ cfrf/±uëfr/;ƕƉá c)'dų];' jş];' eobƧfjL ;dfbfo
l;ŋlt l;ŋĕkb];' OlƇo];' u'ųƀf/á eáhg] dųţ" k'Ƒ/ųfk//ų+ hĕul/ofg'oáudg'o'ųá ;ftŝ+ g]kŊ+þ aálwklŋsĕg+ wƙfg+
efjgfg'oáudg'o'ųá.
;á cleŊþƃ] klŊþƃ] ;ƕhĕgsĕ/L xált, cfnálst] ljnálst] ;ƕhĕgsĕ/L xált, ;ldlŧt] k;fl/t] ;ƕhĕgsĕ/L
xált, ;ŜflkųrLj/wf/±)ë ;ƕhĕgsĕ/L xált, cl;t] kLt] vflot] ;flot] ;ƕhĕgsĕ/L xált, pŝf/kƧfjsƙ] ;ƕhĕgsĕ/L
xált, ut] l&t] lgl;Ɖ] ;'ų] hĕul/t] efl;t] t'ŲLefj] ;ƕhĕgsĕ/L xált.
;á ljljų+ ;]gf;g+ ehlt c/ţ+ ?ŋd"n+ kƑt+ sƆ/+ lul/u'x+ ;';fg+ jgkŴ+ cưásĕ;+ knfnk'ŧ+ cƍ;Ź+
cƍlgŔá;+ ljhgjft+ dg'Ƨ/fxƧ]Ɯs+þ kl;Ɵfg;f?ƍ+.
;á c/ţutá jf ?ŋd"nutá jf ;'ţfuf/utá jf lg;Lblt kƟŘ+ cfe'lhŷf ph'+ sĕo+ kl)wfo kl/d'v+ ;Ƹt
pkŪk]ŷf, ;á cleŢ+ nás]þ kxfo ljutfleŢ]g r]t;f ljx/lt, cleŢĕo lrų+ kl/;á±wëlt, Ɠfkfbkbá;+ kxfo cƓfkƉlrųá
ljx/lt ;Ƒkf)e"tlxtfg'sƕL, Ɠfkfbkbá;f lrų+ kl/;á±wëlt, lygldź+ kxfo ljutlygldźá ljx/lt cfnás;ţL ;tá
;ƕhĕgá, lygldźf lrų+ kl/;á±wëlt, pźŝs'Ŋ'þŝ+ kxfo cg'źtá ljx/lt cŢų+ j"k;ƃlrųá, pźŝs'Ŋ'þŝf lrų+ kl/;á±wëlt,
ljlrlsŞ+ kxfo ltŰljlrlsŞá ljx/lt csy+syL s';n];' wƙ];', ljlrlsŞfo lrų+ kl/;á±wëlt.
;á Od] kť gLj/±)ë kxfo r]t;á pklŊþn];] kţfo b'ƑnLs/±)ë ljljŝ]j sĕd]lx ljljŝ cs';n]lx wƙ]lx ;ljtŊ+þ
;ljrf/+ ljj]sh+ kLlt;'v+ k&d+ ´fg+ pk;ƕş ljx/lt, ljtŊþljrf/fg+ j"k;df cŢų+ ;ƕ;fbg+ r]t;á Ps]ĕlbefj+
cljtŊ+þ cljrf/+ ;dflwh+ kLlt;'v+ b'lto+ ´fg+ pk;ƕş ljx/lt, kLltof r lj/fuf pk]ŋs]ĕ r ljx/lt ;tá r ;ƕhĕgá
;'vť sĕo]g kl;+j]b]lt, o+ t+ cl/of cflrŋlƃ æpk]ŋs]ĕ ;ltdf ;'vljxf/LÆlt, tlto+ ´fg+ pk;ƕş ljx/lt, ;'vƧ r
kxfgf b'ŋƧ r kxfgf k'Ƒ]j ;ádgƧbádgƧfg+ cŴśdf cb'ŋd;'v+ pk]ŋĕ;ltkfl/;'Ƹź rt'Ŵ+ ´fg+ pk;ƕş ljx/lt.
;Ƒ;á ¿k;ţfg+ ;dltŊþdf kl#;ţfg+ cŴśdf gfgų;ţfg+ cdgl;sĕ/f æcgƃá cfsĕ;áÆlt cfsĕ;fgťfotg+
pk;ƕş ljx/lt, ;Ƒ;á cfsĕ;fgťfotg+ ;dltŊþƙ æcgƃ+ ljţf)Ælƃ ljţf)ťfotg+ pk;ƕş ljx/lt, ;Ƒ;á
ljţf)ťfotg+ ;dltŊþƙ æglŴ lsťLÆlt cflsťţfotg+ pk;ƕş ljx/lt, ;Ƒ;á cflsťţfotg+ ;dltŊþƙ
g]j;ţfgf;ţfotg+ pk;ƕş ljx/lt. ´fgljeś+.
cƍdţfljeśá
rtƧá cƍdţfoá ‘lje0642’ _ Ow leŋ' d]ųf;xut]g r]t;f Ps+þ lb;+ mþl/ŷf ljx/lt, tyf b'lto+, tyf
tlto+, tyf rt'Ŵ+. Olt pźd±wëf ltl/o+ ;Ƒlw ;Ƒųtfo ;Ƒfjƃ+ nás+þ d]ųf;xut]g r]t;f ljk'n]g dxƮt]g cƍdf±)ëg
cj]/]g cƓfkş]g mþl/ŷf ljx/lt.
s?)f;xut]g r]t;f Ps+þ lb;+ mþl/ŷf ljx/lt, tyf b'lto+, tyf tlto+, tyf rt'Ŵ+. Olt pźd±wëf ltl/o+
;Ƒlw;Ƒųtfo ;Ƒfjƃ+ nás+þ s?)f;xut]g r]t;f ljk'n]g dxƮt]g cƍdf±)ëg cj]/]g cƓfkş]g mþl/ŷf ljx/lt.
d'lbtf;xut]g r]t;f Ps+þ lb;+ mþl/ŷf ljx/lt, tyf b'lto+, tyf tlto+, tyf rt'Ŵ+. Olt pźd±wëf ltl/o+
8
;Ƒlw ;Ƒųtfo ;Ƒfjƃ+ nás+þ d'lbtf;xut]g r]t;f ljk'n]g dxƮt]g cƍdf±)ëg cj]/]g cƓfkş]g mþl/ŷf ljx/lt.
pk]ŋĕ;xut]g r]t;f Ps+þ lb;+ mþl/ŷf ljx/lt, tyf b'lto+, tyf tlto+, tyf rt'Ŵ+. Olt pźd±wëf ltl/o+
;Ƒlw ;Ƒųtfo ;Ƒfjƃ+ nás+þ pk]ŋĕ;xut]g r]t;f ljk'n]g dxƮt]g cƍdf±)ëg cj]/]g cƓfkş]g mþl/ŷf ljx/lt.
cƍdţfljeś+.
l;ŋĕkbljeśá
kť l;ŋĕkbflg ‘lje0703’ _ kf)fltkftf j]/d)L l;ŋĕkb+, clbƉfbfgf j]/d)L l;ŋĕkb+, sĕd];'ldŞfrf/f
j]/d)L l;ŋĕkb+, d';fjfbf j]/d)L l;ŋĕkb+, ;'/fd]/odşkdfbŪfgf j]/d)L l;ŋĕkb+. l;ŋĕkbljeś+.
kl;lƘbfljeśá
rtƧá kl;lƘbf ‘lje0718’ _ cŴkl;lƘbf wƙkl;lƘbf lg?lųkl;lƘbf klefgkl;lƘbf.
kl;lƘbfljeś+.
`f)ljeśá
Pslj±wëg `f)jŴ' ‘lje0751’ _ kť ljţf)f g x]t", cx]t'sĕ, x]t'ljƍo'ųf, ;ƍŝof, ;řtf, c¿kf,
nálsof, ;f;jf, ;+oáhlgof, uƅlgof, cá#lgof, oáulgof, gLj/l)of, k/fdŪf, pkfbflgof, ;+lsn]l;sĕ, cƓfstf,
;f/ƙ)f, cr]tl;sĕ, ljkfsĕ, pkflbŰ'kfbflgof, c;+lslnŪ;+lsn]l;sĕ, g ;ljtŊþ;ljrf/f, g cljtŊþljrf/dųf,
cljtŊþcljrf/f, g kLlt;xutf, g]j bƧg]g g efjgfo kxftƑf, g]j bƧg]g g efjgfo kxftƑx]t'sĕ,
g]jfroufldgfkroufldgá, g]j;]ŋgf;]ŋĕ, kl/ųf, sĕdfjr/f, g ¿kfjr/f, g c¿kfjr/f, kl/ofkƉf, gá
ckl/ofkƉf, clgotf, clgƜflgsĕ.
pƍƉjŴ'sĕ, pƍƉf/ƙ)f, k'/]hĕtjŴ'sĕ, k'/]hĕtf/ƙ)f, cŢlųsjŴ'sĕ, aflx/f/ƙ)f, c;lƘƉjŴ'sĕ,
c;lƘƉf/ƙ)f, gfgfjŴ'sĕ, gfgf/ƙ)f, g cţdţƧ ±uëfr/lj;o+ kŝg'eálƃ, g c;dƉfxf/f pƍşlƃ, g cdgl;sĕ/f
pƍşlƃ, g cƑálsŰf pƍşlƃ, g ck'Ƒ+ crl/d+ pƍşlƃ, g cţdţƧ ;dgƃ/f pƍşlƃ.
kť ljţf)f cgfeáuf, kťlx ljţf±)ëlx g slť wƙ+ klljhĕgflt, cţŶ clelgkftdųf, kťƉ+ ljţf)fg+
;dgƃ/flk g slť wƙ+ klljhĕgflt, kťlx ljţf±)ëlx g slť Ol/ofky+ sƍ]lt, kťƉ+ ljţf)fg+ ;dgƃ/flk g slť
Ol/ofky+ sƍ]lt, kťlx ljţf±)ëlx g sĕosƙ+ g jrLsƙ+ kŪk]lt, kťƉ+ ljţf)fg+ ;dgƃ/flk g sĕosƙ+ g jrLsƙ+
kŪk]lt, kťlx ljţf±)ëlx g s';nfs';n+ wƙ+ ;dflbolt, kťƉ+ ljţf)fg+ ;dgƃ/flk g s';nfs';n+ wƙ+ ;dflbolt,
kťlx ljţf±)ëlx g ;dfkşlt g j'Ūflt, kťƉ+ ljţf)fg+ ;dgƃ/flk g ;dfkşlt g j'Ūflt, kťlx ljţf±)ëlx g rjlt
g pƍşlt, kťƉ+ ljţf)fg+ ;dgƃ/flk g rjlt g pƍşlt, kťlx ljţf±)ëlx g ;'klt g kla'Ţlt g ;'lkg+ kƧlt,
kťƉ+ ljţf)fg+ ;dgƃ/flk g ;'klt g kla'Ţlt g ;'lkg+ kƧlt, ofyfjsjŴ'ljefjgf kţf. Pj+ Pslj±wëg
`f)jŴ'.
b'lj±wëg `f)jŴ' _ nálsof kţf, nás'ų/f kţf. s]þglr ljţ]Ɯf kţf, s]þglr g ljţ]Ɯf kţf. ;f;jf kţf,
cgf;jf kţf. cf;jljƍo'ųf ;f;jf kţf, cf;jljƍo'ųf cgf;jf kţf. ;+oáhlgof kţf, c;+oáhlgof kţf.
;+oáhgljƍo'ųf ;+oáhlgof kţf, ;+oáhgljƍo'ųf c;+oáhlgof kţf. uƅlgof kţf, cuƅlgof kţf. uƅljƍo'ųf
uƅlgof kţf, uƅljƍo'ųf cuƅlgof kţf.
cá#lgof kţf, cgá#lgof kţf. cá#ljƍo'ųf cá#lgof kţf, cá#ljƍo'ųf cgá#lgof kţf. oáulgof
kţf, coáulgof kţf. oáuljƍo'ųf oáulgof kţf, oáuljƍo'ųf coáulgof kţf. gLj/l)of kţf, cgLj/l)of
kţf. gLj/)ljƍo'ųf gLj/l)of kţf, gLj/)ljƍo'ųf cgLj/l)of kţf. k/fdŪf kţf, ck/fdŪf kţf.
k/fdf;ljƍo'ųf k/fdŪf kţf, k/fdf;ljƍo'ųf ck/fdŪf kţf. pkflbŰf kţf, cg'kflbŰf kţf. pkfbflgof kţf,
cg'kfbflgof kţf. pkfbfgljƍo'ųf pkfbflgof kţf, pkfbfgljƍo'ųf cg'kfbflgof kţf.
;+lsn]l;sĕ kţf, c;+lsn]l;sĕ kţf. lsn];ljƍo'ųf ;+lsn]l;sĕ kţf, lsn];ljƍo'ųf c;+lsn]l;sĕ kţf.
;ljtŊĕ kţf, cljtŊĕ kţf. ;ljrf/f kţf, cljrf/f kţf. ;ƍLltsĕ kţf, cƍLltsĕ kţf. kLlt;xutf kţf, g
kLlt;xutf kţf. ;'v;xutf kţf, g ;'v;xutf kţf. pk]ŋĕ;xutf kţf, g pk]ŋĕ;xutf kţf sĕdfjr/f kţf,
g sĕdfjr/f kţf. ¿kfjr/f kţf, g ¿kfjr/f kţf. c¿kfjr/f kţf, g c¿kfjr/f kţf. kl/ofkƉf kţf,
ckl/ofkƉf kţf. lgƜflgsĕ kţf, clgƜflgsĕ kţf. lgotf kţf, clgotf kţf. ;pų/f kţf, cg'ų/f kţf.
cŴhĕlksĕ kţf, hĕlktŴf kţf. Pj+ b'lj±wëg `f)jŴ'.
ltlj±wëg `f)jŴ' _ lrƃfdof kţf, ;'tdof kţf, efjgfdof kţf. bfgdof kţf, ;Lndof kţf,
efjgfdof kţf. clw;Ln] kţf, clwlrų] kţf, clwkţfo kţf. cfos]ĕ;Ɵ+, ckfos]ĕ;Ɵ+, pkfos]ĕ;Ɵ+.
ljkfsĕ kţf, ljkfswƙwƙf kţf, g]jljkfsgljkfswƙwƙf kţf. pkflbŰ'kfbflgof kţf,
cg'kflbŰ'kfbflgof kţf, cg'kflbŰcg'kfbflgof kţf. ;ljtŊþ;ljrf/f kţf, cljtŊþljrf/dųf kţf, cljtŊþcljrf/f
9
kţf. kLlt;xutf kţf, ;'v;xutf kţf, pk]ŋĕ;xutf kţf. cfroufldgL kţf, ckroufldgL kţf,
g]jfroufldgfkroufldgL kţf. ;]ŋĕ kţf, c;]ŋĕ kţf, g]j;]ŋgf;]ŋĕ kţf. kl/ųf kţf, dxƮtf kţf, cƍdf)f
kţf. kl/ųf/ƙ)f kţf, dxƮtf/ƙ)f kţf, cƍdf)f/ƙ)f kţf. dƮf/ƙ)f kţf, dƮx]t'sĕ kţf, dƮflwkltgL kţf.
pƍƉf kţf, cg'ƍƉf kţf, pƍflbgL kţf. ctLtf kţf, cgfutf kţf, kŝ'ƍƉf kţf. ctLtf/ƙ)f kţf,
cgfutf/ƙ)f kţf, kŝ'ƍƉf/ƙ)f kţf. cŢųf kţf, alxźf kţf, cŢųalxźf kţf. cŢųf/ƙ)f kţf, alxźf/ƙ)f
kţf, cŢųalxźf/ƙ)f kţf.
;ljtŊþ;ljrf/f kţf clŴ ljkfsĕ, clŴ ljkfswƙwƙf, clŴ g]jljkfsgljkfswƙwƙf. clŴ
pkflbŰ'kfbflgof, clŴ cg'kflbŰ'kfbflgof, clŴ cg'kflbŰcg'kfbflgof clŴ kLlt;xutf, clŴ ;'v;xutf, clŴ
pk]ŋĕ;xutf. clŴ cfroufldgL, clŴ ckroufldgL, clŴ g]jfroufldgfkroufldgL. clŴ ;]ŋĕ, clŴ c;]ŋĕ, clŴ
g]j;]ŋgf;]ŋĕ. clŴ kl/ųf, clŴ dxƮtf, clŴ cƍdf)f. clŴ kl/ųf/ƙ)f, clŴ dxƮtf/ƙ)f, clŴ
cƍdf)f/ƙ)f. clŴ dƮf/ƙ)f, clŴ dƮx]t'sĕ, clŴ dƮflwkltgL. clŴ pƍƉf, clŴ cg'ƍƉf, clŴ pƍflbgL. clŴ
ctLtf, clŴ cgfutf, clŴ kŝ'ƍƉf. clŴ ctLtf/ƙ)f, clŴ cgfutf/ƙ)f, clŴ kŝ'ƍƉf/ƙ)f. clŴ cŢųf, clŴ
alxźf, clŴ cŢųalxźf. clŴ cŢųf/ƙ)f, clŴ alxźf/ƙ)f, clŴ cŢųalxźf/ƙ)f.
cljtŊþljrf/dųf kţf clŴ ljkfsĕ, clŴ ljkfswƙwƙf, clŴ g]jljkfsgljkfswƙwƙf. clŴ
pkflbŰ'kfbflgof, clŴ cg'kflbŰ'kfbflgof, clŴ cg'kflbŰcg'kfbflgof. clŴ cfroufldgL, clŴ ckroufldgL, clŴ
g]jfroufldgfkroufldgL. clŴ ;]ŋĕ, clŴ c;]ŋĕ, clŴ g]j;]ŋgf;]ŋĕ. clŴ pƍƉf, clŴ cg'ƍƉf, clŴ pƍflbgL.
clŴ ctLtf, clŴ cgfutf, clŴ kŝ'ƍƉf. clŴ cŢųf, clŴ alxźf, clŴ cŢųalxźf.
cljtŊþcljrf/f kţf clŴ ljkfsĕ, clŴ ljkfswƙwƙf, clŴ g]jljkfsgljkfswƙwƙf. clŴ
pkflbŰ'kfbflgof, clŴ cg'kflbŰ'kfbflgof, clŴ cg'kflbŰcg'kfbflgof. clŴ kLlt;xutf, clŴ ;'v;xutf, clŴ
pk]ŋĕ;xutf. clŴ cfroufldgL, clŴ ckroufldgL, clŴ g]jfroufldgfkroufldgL. clŴ ;]ŋĕ, clŴ c;]ŋĕ, clŴ
g]j;]ŋgf;]ŋĕ. clŴ kl/ųf/ƙ)f, clŴ dxƮtf/ƙ)f, clŴ cƍdf)f/ƙ)f. clŴ dƮf/ƙ)f, clŴ dƮx]t'sĕ, clŴ
dƮflwkltgL. clŴ pƍƉf, clŴ cg'ƍƉf, clŴ pƍflbgL. clŴ ctLtf, clŴ cgfutf, clŴ kŝ'ƍƉf. clŴ
ctLtf/ƙ)f, clŴ cgfutf/ƙ)f, clŴ kŝ'ƍƉf/ƙ)f. clŴ cŢųf, clŴ alxźf, clŴ cŢųalxźf. clŴ cŢųf/ƙ)f,
clŴ alxźf/ƙ)f, clŴ cŢųalxźf/ƙ)f.
kLlt;xutf kţf, ;'v;xutf kţf clŴ ljkfsĕ, clŴ ljkfswƙwƙf, clŴ g]jljkfsgljkfswƙwƙf clŴ
pkflbŰ'kfbflgof, clŴ cg'kflbŰ'kfbflgof, clŴ cg'kflbŰcg'kfbflgof. clŴ ;ljtŊþ;ljrf/f, clŴ
cljtŊþljrf/dųf, clŴ cljtŊþcljrf/f. clŴ cfroufldgL, clŴ ckroufldgL, clŴ g]jfroufldgfkroufldgL.
clŴ ;]ŋĕ, clŴ c;]ŋĕ, clŴ g]j;]ŋgf;]ŋĕ. clŴ kl/ųf, clŴ dxƮtf, clŴ cƍdf)f. clŴ kl/ųf/ƙ)f, clŴ
dxƮtf/ƙ)f, clŴ cƍdf)f/ƙ)f. clŴ dƮf/ƙ)f, clŴ dƮx]t'sĕ, clŴ dƮflwkltgL. clŴ pƍƉf, clŴ cg'ƍƉf,
clŴ pƍflbgL. clŴ ctLtf, clŴ cgfutf, clŴ kŝ'ƍƉf. clŴ ctLtf/ƙ)f, clŴ cgfutf/ƙ)f, clŴ
kŝ'ƍƉf/ƙ)f. clŴ cŢųf, clŴ alxźf, clŴ cŢųalxźf. clŴ cŢųf/ƙ)f, clŴ alxźf/ƙ)f, clŴ
cŢųalxźf/ƙ)f.
pk]ŋĕ;xutf kţf clŴ ljkfsĕ, clŴ ljkfswƙwƙf, clŴ g]jljkfsgljkfswƙwƙf. clŴ pkflbŰ'kfbflgof
clŴ cg'kflbŰ'kfbflgof, clŴ cg'kflbŰcg'kfbflgof. clŴ cfroufldgL, clŴ ckroufldgL, clŴ
g]jfroufldgfkroufldgL. clŴ ;]ŋĕ, clŴ c;]ŋĕ, clŴ g]j;]ŋgf;]ŋĕ. clŴ kl/ųf, clŴ dxƮtf, clŴ cƍdf)f.
clŴ kl/ųf/ƙ)f, clŴ dxƮtf/ƙ)f, clŴ cƍdf)f/ƙ)f. clŴ dƮf/ƙ)f, clŴ dƮx]t'sĕ, clŴ dƮflwkltgL. clŴ
pƍƉf, clŴ cg'ƍƉf, clŴ pƍflbgL. clŴ ctLtf, clŴ cgfutf, clŴ kŝ'ƍƉf. clŴ ctLtf/ƙ)f, clŴ
cgfutf/ƙ)f, clŴ kŝ'ƍƉf/ƙ)f. clŴ cŢųf, clŴ alxźf, clŴ cŢųalxźf. clŴ cŢųf/ƙ)f, clŴ alxźf/ƙ)f,
clŴ cŢųalxźf/ƙ)f. Pj+ ltlj±wëg `f)jŴ'.
rt'lƑ±wëg `f)jŴ' _ sƙƧst`f)+, ;ŝfg'nálds+þ `f)+, dƮ;dlśƧ `f)+, mþn;dlśƧ `f)+. b'ŋ] `f)+,
b'ŋ;d'bo] `f)+, b'ŋlg/á±wë `f)+, b'ŋlg/áwufldlgof klkbfo `f)+. sĕdfjr/f kţf, ¿kfjr/f kţf, c¿kfjr/f
kţf, ckl/ofkƉf kţf. wƙ] `f)+, cƋo] `f)+, kl/ŝ] `f)+, ;ƙ'lt `f)+. clŴ kţf cfrofo, gá ckrofo, clŴ
kţf ckrofo, gá cfrofo, clŴ kţf cfrofo r]j, ckrofo r, clŴ kţf g]jfrofo, gá ckrofo. clŴ kţf
lglƑbfo, gá klj]wfo, clŴ kţf klj]wfo, gá lglƑbfo clŴ kţf lglƑbfo r]j, klj]wfo r, clŴ kţf g]j
lglƑbfo, gá klj]wfo. xfgeflugL kţf, l&lteflugL kţf, lj;];eflugL kţf, lgƑ]weflugL kţf.
rtƧá kl;lƘbf. rtƧá klkbf. rųfl/ cf/ƙ)flg. h/fd/±)ë `f)+, h/fd/);d'bo] `f)+,
h/fd/)lg/á±wë `f)+, h/fd/)lg/áwufldlgof klkbfo `f)+. hĕltof `f)+»k]0 ej] `f)+»k]0 pkfbfg] `f)+»k]0
tŲfo `f)+»k]0 j]bgfo `f)+»k]0 mþƧ] `f)+»k]0 ;ńfotg] `f)+»k]0 gfd¿k] `f)+»k]0 ljţf±)ë `f)+»k]0 ;řf/];'
`f)+, ;řf/;d'bo] `f)+, ;řf/lg/á±wë `f)+, ;řf/lg/áwufldlgof klkbfo `f)+. Pj+ rt'lƑ±wëg `f)jŴ'.
kťlj±wëg `f)jŴ' _ kťlśs]ĕ ;ƙf;dflw, kť`fl)s]ĕ ;ƙf;dflw. Pj+ kťlj±wëg `f)jŴ'.
%lƑ±wëg `f)jŴ' _ %;' cleţf;' kţf. Pj+ %lƑ±wëg `f)jŴ'.
;ųlj±wëg `f)jŴ' _ ;ų;ųlt `f)jŴ"lg. Pj+ ;ųlj±wëg `f)jŴ'.
cŪlj±wëg `f)jŴ' _ rt";' d±Ʈë;', rt";' mþn];' kţf. Pj+ cŪlj±wëg `f)jŴ'.
gjlj±wëg `f)jŴ' _ gj;' cg'k'Ƒljxf/;dfkųL;' kţf. Pj+ gjlj±wëg `f)jŴ'.
10
b;lj±wëg `f)jŴ' _ b; tyfutƧ tyfutanflg, o]lx an]lx ;dƉfutá tyfutá cf;e+ &fg+ klhĕgflt,
kl/;f;' ;Lxgfb+ gblt, ƔƪrŊ+þ kjų]lt. stdflg b;Ġ Ow tyfutá &fgť &fgtá cŪfgť cŪfgtá oyfe"t+ khĕgflt,
olƕ tyfutá &fgť &fgtá cŪfgť cŪfgtá oyfe"t+ khĕgflt, Oblƕ tyfutƧ tyfutan+ xált. o+ an+ cfuƙ
tyfutá cf;e+ &fg+ klhĕgflt, kl/;f;' ;Lxgfb+ gblt, ƔƪrŊ+þ kjų]lt.
k'g rk/+ tyfutá ctLtfgfutkŝ'ƍƉfg+ sƙ;dfbfgfg+ &fg;á x]t';á ljkfs+þ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt. olƕ
tyfutá ctLtfgfutkŝ'ƍƉfg+ sƙ;dfbfgfg+ &fg;á x]t';á ljkfs+þ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt, Oblƕ tyfutƧ tyfutan+ xált.
o+ an+ cfuƙ tyfutá cf;e+ &fg+ klhĕgflt, kl/;f;' ;Lxgfb+ gblt, ƔƪrŊ+þ kjų]lt.
k'g rk/+ tyfutá ;ƑŴufldƸg klkb+ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt, olƕ tyfutá ;ƑŴufldƸg klkb+ oyfe"t+
khĕgflt, Oblƕ tyfutƧ tyfutan+ xált. o+ an+ cfuƙ tyfutá cf;e+ &fg+ klhĕgflt, kl/;f;' ;Lxgfb+ gblt,
ƔƪrŊ+þ kjų]lt.
k'g rk/+ tyfutá cg]swft'gfgfwft'nás+þ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt, olƕ tyfutá cg]swft'gfgfwft'nás+þ oyfe"t+
ƔƪrŊ+þ kjų]lt.
k'g rk/+ tyfutá ;ųfg+ gfgflwd'lųst+ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt, olƕ tyfutá ;ųfg+ gfgflwd'lųst+ oyfe"t+
ƔƪrŊ+þ kjų]lt.
k'g rk/+ tyfutá k/;ųfg+ k/k'Ʈnfg+ OlƇok/ákl/oų+ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt, olƕ tyfutá k/;ųfg+
k/k'Ʈnfg+ OlƇok/ákl/oų+ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt, Oblƕ tyfutƧ tyfutan+ xált. o+ an+ cfuƙ tyfutá cf;e+ &fg+
klhĕgflt, kl/;f;' ;Lxgfb+ gblt, ƔƪrŊ+þ kjų]lt.
k'g rk/+ tyfutá ´fgljdáŋ;dflw;dfkųLg+ ;+lsn];+ jábfg+ j'Ūfg+ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt, olƕ tyfutá
´fgljdáŋ;dflw;dfkųLg+ ;+lsn];+ jábfg+ j'Ūfg+ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt Oblƕ tyfutƧ tyfutan+ xált. o+ an+ cfuƙ
tyfutá cf;e+ &fg+ klhĕgflt, kl/;f;' ;Lxgfb+ gblt, ƔƪrŊ+þ kjų]lt.
k'g rk/+ tyfutá k'Ƒ]lgjf;fg'ƧƸt oyfe"t+ khĕgflt, olƕ tyfutá k'Ƒ]lgjf;fg'ƧƸt oyfe"t+ khĕgflt,
Oblƕ tyfutƧ tyfutan+ xált. o+ an+ cfuƙ tyfutá cf;e+ &fg+ klhĕgflt, kl/;f;' ;Lxgfb+ gblt, ƔƪrŊ+þ
kjų]lt.
k'g rk/+ tyfutá ;ųfg+ r't"kkft+ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt, olƕ tyfutá ;ųfg+ r't"kkft+ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt,
Oblƕ tyfutƧ tyfutan+ xált. o+ an+ cfuƙ tyfutá cf;e+ &fg+ klhĕgflt, kl/;f;' ;Lxgfb+ gblt, ƔƪrŊ+þ
kjų]lt.
k'g rk/+ tyfutá cf;jfg+ vo+ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt, olƕ tyfutá cf;jfg+ vo+ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt, Oblƕ
tyfutƧ tyfutan+ xált. o+ an+ cfuƙ tyfutá cf;e+ &fg+ klhĕgflt, kl/;f;' ;Lxgfb+ gblt, ƔƪrŊ+þ kjų]lt.
Odflg b; tyfutƧ tyfutanflg. o]lx an]lx ;dƉfutá tyfutá cf;e+ &fg+ klhĕgflt, kl/;f;'
;Lxgfb+ gblt, ƔƪrŊ+þ kjų]lt. Pj+ b;lj±wëg `f)jŴ'.
`f)ljeś+.
v'ŹsjŴ'ljeśá
Pss+þ
hĕltdbá ‘lje0832’, ±uëfųdbá, cf/áŕdbá, oáƑgdbá, hËljtdbá, nfedbá, ;Ŋĕ/dbá, u?sĕ/dbá,
k'/]ŋĕ/dbá, kl/jf/dbá, eáudbá, jŰdbá, ;'tdbá klefgdbá, /ųţ'dbá, lkůkfltsdbá, cgjţftdbá,
Ol/ofkydbá, Olźdbá, o;dbá, ;Lndbá, ´fgdbá, l;ƍdbá, cf/áxdbá, kl/)fxdbá, ;Ůfgdbá, kfl/k"l/dbá,
dbá, kdfbá, yƘá, ;f/Ƙá, clŶŞtf, dlxŞtf, kflkŞtf, l;ś+, ltlƃ)+, rfkƠ+, c;efuj'lų, c/lt, tƆL, ljhlƘtf,
eų;ƙbá, r]t;á r nLgų+, s'xgf, nkgf, g]ldlųstf, lgƍ]l;stf, nfe]g nfe+ lglhuL;gtf, æ;]ƜáxdƨLÆlt dfgá,
æ;lb;áxdƨLÆlt dfgá, æxLgáxdƨLÆlt dfgá. ;]ƜƧ æ;]ƜáxdƨLÆlt dfgá, ;]ƜƧ æ;lb;áxdƨLÆlt dfgá, ;]ƜƧ
æxLgáxdƨLÆlt dfgá, ;lb;Ƨ æ;]ƜáxdƨLÆlt dfgá, ;lb;Ƨ æ;lb;áxdƨLÆlt dfgá, ;lb;Ƨ æxLgáxdƨLÆlt dfgá,
xLgƧ æ;]ƜáxdƨLÆlt dfgá, xLgƧ æ;lb;áxdƨLÆlt dfgá, xLgƧ æxLgáxdƨLÆlt dfgá, dfgá, cltdfgá,
dfgfltdfgá, cádfgá, clwdfgá, clƨdfgá, ldŞfdfgá, `fltljtŊþá, hgkbljtŊþá, cd/ljtŊþá, k/fg'Źotfkl;+o'ųá
ljtŊþá, nfe;Ŋĕ/l;náskl;+o'ųá ljtŊþá, cgjţlųkl;+o'ųá ljtŊþá ‘lje0832’. Pss+þ.
11
b's+þ
s]ĕ±wëf r pkgfxá r, dŋ]ĕ r kńf;á r, OƧf r dŞl/oť, dfof r ;f±&ëƜť, cljşĕ r ejtŲf r, ejlblŪ r
ljejlblŪ r, ;ƧtlblŪ r pŞ]blblŪ r, cƃjflblŪ r cgƃjflblŪ r, k'Ƒƃfg'lblŪ r ck/ƃfg'lblŪ r, clxl/sť
cgáųƍť, bájrƧtf r kfkldųtf r, cgşjá r cdŹjá r, cŋlƃ r c;á/ŝť, c;fvƠť cƍl;ƅf/á r, OlƇo];'
cu'ųƀf/tf r eáhg] cdųţ'tf r, d'ŪƧŝť c;ƕhţť, ;Lnljklų r lblŪljklų r, cŢų;+oáhgť alxźf;+oáhgť.
b's+þ.
lts+þ
tLl) cs';nd"nflg, toá cs';nljtŊĕ, ltƧá cs';n;ţf, ltƧá cs';nwft'oá, tLl) b'ŝl/tflg, toá cf;jf,
tLl) ;+oáhgflg, ltƧá tŲf, ck/flk ltƧá tŲf, ck/flk ltƧá tŲf, ltƧá P;gf, ltƧá ljwf, tLl) eoflg tLl)
tdflg, tLl) ltŴfotgflg, toá lsťgf, tLl) cś)flg, tLl) dnflg, tLl) lj;dflg, ck/flglk tLl) lj;dflg, toá
cƮL, toá s;fjf, ck/]lk toá s;fjf.
cƧfblblŪ cųfg'lblŪ ldŞflblŪ, c/lt ljx];f cwƙrl/of, bájrƧtf kfkldųtf gfgų;ţf, pźŝ+ s]ĕ;ş+
kdfbá, c;ƃ'lŪtf c;ƕhţtf dlxŞtf, clxl/s+þ cgáųƍ+ kdfbá, cgfbl/o+ bájrƧtf kfkldųtf, cƧlźo+ cjbţ'tf
s]ĕ;ş+, pźŝ+ c;+j/á b'ƧLƠ+, cl/ofg+ cbƧgsƚtf ;źƙ+ c;át'sƚtf pkf/Ƙlrųtf, d'ŪƧŝ+ c;ƕhţ+ r]t;á ljŋ]ká,
coálg;á dgl;sĕ/á s'ƙƮ;]jgf r]t;á r nLgų+. lts+þ.
rt'Ŋ+þ
rųf/á cf;jf, rųf/á uƅf, rųf/á cá#f, rųf/á oáuf, rųfl/ pkfbfgflg, rųf/á tŲ'ƍfbf, rųfl/
cultudgflg, rųf/á ljkl/of;f, rųf/á cgl/ojáxf/f, ck/]lk rųf/á cgl/ojáxf/f, rųfl/ b'ŝl/tflg, ck/flk
rųfl/ b'ŝl/tflg, rųfl/ eoflg, ‘ck/flglk rųfl/ eoflg,’ rtƧá lblŪoá. rt'Ŋ+þ.
kťs+þ
kťá/Ƙfluoflg ;+oáhgflg, kť'źƘfluoflg ;+oáhgflg, kť dŞl/oflg, kť ;śf, kť ;Ɵf, kť r]tálvnf,
kť r]t;áljlgaƈf, kť gLj/)flg, kť sƙflg cfgƃl/sĕlg, kť lblŪoá, kť j]/f, kť Ɠ;gf, kť cŋlƃof
cfbLgjf, kť eoflg, kť lbŪwƙlgƑfgjfbf. kťs+þ.
%Ŋ+þ
% ljjfbd"nflg, % %Ɔ/fuf wƙf, % lj/áwjŴ"lg, % tŲfsĕof, % cuf/jf, % kl/xflgof wƙf, ck/]lk %
kl/xflgof wƙf, % ;ádgƧ'kljrf/f, % bádgƧ'kljrf/f, % pk]ŋ'kljrf/f, % ±uëxl;tflg ;ádgƧflg, % ±uëxl;tflg
bádgƧflg, % ±uëxl;tf pk]ŋĕ, % lblŪoá. %Ŋ+þ.
;ųs+þ
;ų cg';of, ;ų ;+oáhgflg, ;ų kl/o'Ūfgflg, ;ų c;źƙf, ;ų b'ŝl/tflg, ;ų dfgf, ;ų lblŪoá.
;ųs+þ.
cŪs+þ
cŪ lsn];jŴ"lg, cŪ s';LtjŴ"lg, cŪ;' náswƙ];' lrųƧ kl#ftá, cŪ cgl/ojáxf/f, cŪ ldŞųf, cŪ
k'l/;bá;f, cŪ c;lţjfbf, cŪ g]j;lţgf;lţjfbf. cŪs+þ.
gjs+þ
gj cf#ftjŴ"lg, gj k'l/;dnflg, gjljwf dfgf, gj tŲfd"nsĕ wƙf, gj Olŧtflg, gj dlţtflg, gj
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mþlƆtflg, gj kklťtflg, gj ;řtflg. gjs+þ.
b;s+þ
b; lsn];jŴ"lg, b; cf#ftjŴ"lg, b; cs';nsƙkyf, b; ;+oáhgflg, b; ldŞųf, b;jŴ'sĕ ldŞflblŪ,
b;jŴ'sĕ cƃƮflxsĕ lblŪ. b;s+þ.
cŪf/; tŲfljrl/tflg cŢlųsƧ pkfbfo, cŪf/; tŲfljrl/tflg aflx/Ƨ pkfbfo, tb]sŢ+ cle;ţ'lxŷf
cle;lřlkŷf %Ƹų; tŲfljrl/tflg xálƃ Olt ctLtflg %Ƹų; tŲfljrl/tflg, cgfutflg %Ƹų; tŲfljrl/tflg,
kŝ'ƍƉflg %Ƹų; tŲfljrl/tflg, tb]sŢ+ cle;ţ'lxŷf cle;lřlkŷf cŪ tŲfljrl/t;t+ xált, oflg r ƀf;lŪ
lblŪutflg Ɣƪhĕn] j]Ɯfs/±)ë j'ųflg eujtf.
v'ŹsjŴ'ljeś+.
wƙxboljeśá
slt vƈf, slt cfotgflg, slt wft'oá, slt ;ŝflg, slt OlƇoflg, slt x]t", slt cfxf/f, slt mþƧf,
slt j]bgf, slt ;ţf, slt r]tgf, slt lrųflg ‘lje0978’Ġ
kťŋƈf, ƀfb;fotgflg, cŪf/; wft'oá, rųfl/ ;ŝflg, afjL;ltlƇoflg, gj x]t", rųf/á cfxf/f, ;ų
mþƧf, ;ų j]bgf, ;ų ;ţf, ;ų r]tgf, ;ų lrųflg ‘lje0978’.
wƙxboljeś+.
ljeśdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
3= wft'syfdfltsĕ
godfltsĕ
;śxá c;śxá ‘wft'01’. ;ślxt]g c;ślxt+. c;ślxt]g ;ślxt+. ;ślxt]g ;ślxt+. c;ślxt]g
c;ślxt+. ;ƕoá±uëf ljƍoá±uëf. ;ƕo'ų]g ljƍo'ų+. ljƍo'ų]g ;ƕo'ų+. ;ƕo'ų]g ;ƕo'ų+. ljƍo'ų]g ljƍo'ų+.
;ślxt]g ;ƕo'ų+ ljƍo'ų+. ;ƕo'ų]g ;ślxt+ c;ślxt+. c;ślxt]g ;ƕo'ų+ ljƍo'ų+. ljƍo'ų]g ;ślxt+ c;ślxt+.
cưƃ/dfltsĕ
kťŋƈf. ƀfb;fotgflg. cŪf/; wft'oá. rųfl/ ;ŝflg. afjL;ltlƇoflg. klŝ;d'ƍfbá. rųf/á
;ltkŪfgf. rųf/á ;ƙƍwfgf. rųf/á Olźkfbf rųfl/ ´fgflg. rtƧá cƍdţfoá. klťlƇoflg. kť anflg.
;ų aáŢśf. cl/oá cŪlśs]ĕ d±Ʈëf. mþƧá j]bgf ;ţf r]tgf lrų+ clwdáŋ]ĕ dgl;sĕ/á.
god'vdfltsĕ
tLlx ;śxá. tLlx c;śxá. rt"lx ;ƕoá±uëf. rt"lx ljƍoá±uëf.
nŋ)dfltsĕ
;ef±uëf. lj;ef±uëf.
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aflx/dfltsĕ
;Ƒflk wƙ;ś)L wft'syfo dfltsĕlt.
wft'syfdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
4= k'Ʈnkţlųdfltsĕ
% kţlųoá ‘k'0k0dfltsĕ 1’ _ vƈkţlų cfotgkţlų wft'kţlų ;ŝkţlų OlƇokţlų k'ƮnkţųLlt.
k'Ʈnkţlųdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
5= syfjŴ'dfltsĕ
k'Ʈnsyf
;'ź;lŝsŪcg'nádkŝgLs+þ
k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gflt ‘syf01’, cfdƃf. oá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ g x]j+ jųƑ].
cfhĕgflx lgƮx+ _ xlť k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æoá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á
k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá
;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, ldŞf.
gá r] kg jųƑ] æoá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt, gá r jt /] jųƑ]
æk'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá
cg'nádkťs+þ.
k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ cfdƃf. oá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná g'knưlt
cfhĕgflx klsƙ+ _ xlť k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æoá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á
k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá
;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, ldŞf.
gá r] kg jųƑ] æoá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt, gá r jt /] jųƑ]
æk'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá
klsƙrt'Ŋ+þ.
ŷ+ r] kg dţl; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á
k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt. t]g tj tŴ x]tfo klţfo x]j+ klhĕgƃ+ x]j+ lgƮx]tƑ], cy t+ lgƮŲfd,
;'lgƮlxtá r xál; _
xlť k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æoá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná g'knưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá,
ttá ;á k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, ldŞf.
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;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, Ob+ t] ldŞf.
lgƮxrt'Ŋ+þ.
P;] r] b'lƉƮlxt] x]jd]j+ tŴ bŋ, æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá ;lŝsŪá
k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, gá r do+ tof tŴ x]tfo klţfo x]j+ klhĕgƃf x]j+
lgƮx]tƑf, cy d+ lgƮŲfl;, b'lƉƮlxtf r xád _
xlť k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æoá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá,
ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, ldŞf.
æk'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt, o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá
;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, Ob+ t] ldŞf.
pkgogrt'Ŋ+þ.
g x]j+ lgƮx]tƑ], t]g lx o+ lgƮŲfl; _ xlť k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æoá
;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, ldŞf.
;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt Ob+ t] ldŞf. t]g lx o] st] lgƮx], ;] lgƮx]
b'Ŋþ]. ;'st] klsƙ]. ;'stf klkfbgflt.
lgƮdgrt'Ŋ+þ.
k&dá lgƮxá.
;'ź;lŝsŪkŝgLsĕg'nád+
k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ cfdƃf. oá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná g'knưlt
cfhĕgflx lgƮx+ _ xlť k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æoá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á
k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá
æk'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt, o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá
kŝgLskťs+þ.
k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ cfdƃf. oá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưlt
cfhĕgflx klsƙ+ _ xlť k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æoá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á
k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá
klsƙrt'Ŋ+þ.
ŷ+ r] kg dţl; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á
15
k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt. t]g tj tŴ x]tfo klţfo x]j+ klhĕgƃ+ x]j+ lgƮx]tƑ], cy t+ lgƮŲfd,
;'lgƮlxtá r xál; _
xlť k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æoá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá,
ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, ldŞf.
æk'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt, o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá
;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, Ob+ t] ldŞf.
lgƮxrt'Ŋ+þ.
P;] r] b'lƉƮlxt] x]jd]j+ tŴ bŋ, æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá ;lŝsŪá
k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, gá r do+ tof tŴ x]tfo klţfo x]j+ klhĕgƃf x]j+
lgƮx]tƑf, cy d+ lgƮŲfl;, b'lƉƮlxtf r xád _
xlť k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æoá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná g'knưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá,
ttá ;á k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, ldŞf.
;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, Ob+ t] ldŞf.
pkgogrt'Ŋ+þ.
g x]j+ lgƮx]tƑ], t]g lx o+ lgƮŲfl; _ xlť k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æoá
;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚oá ;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, ldŞf.
;lŝsŪá k/dŴá, ttá ;á k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt Ob+ t] ldŞf, t]g lx o] st] lgƮx] ;] lgƮx]
b'Ŋþ]. ;'st] klsƙ], ;'stf klkfbgflt.
lgƮdgrt'Ŋ+þ.
b'ltoá lgƮxá.
cásĕ;;lŝsŪcg'nádkŝgLs+þ
k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ cfdƃf. ;ƑŴ k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ g x]j+ jųƑ].
cfhĕgflx lgƮx+ _ xlť k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æ;ƑŴ k'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚;ƑŴ k'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, ldŞf.
gá r] kg jųƑ] æ;ƑŴ k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt, gá r jt /] jųƑ] æk'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚;ƑŴ k'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt, ldŞf»k]0.
tltoá lgƮxá.
sĕn;lŝsŪcg'nádkŝgLs+þ
k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ cfdƃf. ;Ƒbf k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ g x]j+ jųƑ].
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cfhĕgflx lgƮx+ _ xlť k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æ;Ƒbf k'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚;Ƒbf k'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆlt ldŞf.
gá r] kg jųƑ] æ;Ƒbf k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt, gá r jt /] jųƑ] æk'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚;Ƒbf k'Ʈná pknưlt
rt'Ŵá lgƮxá.
cjoj;lŝsŪcg'nádkŝgLs+þ
k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ cfdƃf. ;Ƒ];' k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ g x]j+ jųƑ].
cfhĕgflx lgƮx+ _ xlť k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æ;Ƒ];' k'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚;Ƒ];' k'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfƒÆltĠ ldŞf.
gá r] kg jųƑ] æ;Ƒ];' k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt, gá r jt /] jųƑ] æk'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚;Ƒ];' k'Ʈná pknưlt
kťdá lgƮxá.
cásĕ;;lŝsŪkŝgLsĕg'nád+
k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ cfdƃf. ;ƑŴ k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ g x]j+ jųƑ].
cfhĕgflx lgƮx+ _ xlť k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æ;ƑŴ k'Ʈná g'knưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚;ƑŴ k'Ʈná g'knưlt
gá r] kg jųƑ] æ;ƑŴ k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt, gá r jt /] jųƑ] æk'Ʈná g'knưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚;ƑŴ k'Ʈná g'knưlt
%Ūá lgƮxá.
sĕn;lŝsŪkŝgLsĕg'nád+
k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ cfdƃf. ;Ƒbf k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ g x]j+ jųƑ].
cfhĕgflx lgƮx+ _ xlť k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æ;Ƒbf k'Ʈná g'knưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚;Ƒbf k'Ʈná g'knưlt
gá r] kg jųƑ] æ;Ƒbf k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt, gá r jt /] jųƑ] æk'Ʈná g'knưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚;Ƒbf k'Ʈná g'knưlt
;ųdá lgƮxá.
cjoj;lŝsŪkŝgLsĕg'nád+
17
k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ cfdƃf. ;Ƒ];' k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfltĠ g x]j+ jųƑ].
cfhĕgflx lgƮx+ _ xlť k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt /] jųƑ] æ;Ƒ];' k'Ʈná g'knưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚;Ƒ];' k'Ʈná g'knưlt
gá r] kg jųƑ] æ;Ƒ];' k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt, gá r jt /] jųƑ] æk'Ʈná g'knưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt. o+ tŴ jb]l; æjųƑ] ±vëf ‚k'Ʈná g'knưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gƒ, gá r jųƑ] ‚;Ƒ];' k'Ʈná g'knưlt
cŪdá lgƮxá.
syfjŴ'dfltsĕ lglŪtf.
6= odsdfltsĕ
d"nods+þ
s';nkbgort'Ŋ+þ
o] s]þlr s';nf wƙf ‘od01=d"nods=1cfboá’, ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"nf. o] jf kg s';nd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf
s';nf.
o] s]þlr s';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"n]g Psd"nf. o] jf kg s';nd"n]g Psd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf s';nf.
o] s]þlr s';nd"n]g Psd"nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"n]g cţdţd"nf. o] jf kg s';nd"n]g cţdţd"nf, ;Ƒ] t]
wƙf s';nf.
o] s]þlr s';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"nd"nf. o] jf kg s';nd"nd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf s';nf.
o] s]þlr s';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"n]g Psd"nd"nf. o] jf kg s';nd"n]g Psd"nd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf s';nf.
o] s]þlr s';nd"n]g Psd"nd"nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"n]g cţdţd"nd"nf. o] jf kg s';nd"n]g cţdţd"nd"nf,
;Ƒ] t] wƙf s';nf.
o] s]þlr s';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"nsĕ. o] jf kg s';nd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf s';nf.
o] s]þlr s';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"n]g Psd"nsĕ. o] jf kg s';nd"n]g Psd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf s';nf.
o] s]þlr s';nd"n]g Psd"nsĕ wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"n]g cţdţd"nsĕ. o] jf kg s';nd"n]g cţdţd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t]
wƙf s';nf.
o] s]þlr s';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"nd"nsĕ. o] jf kg s';nd"nd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf s';nf.
o] s]þlr s';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"n]g Psd"nd"nsĕ. o] jf kg s';nd"n]g Psd"nd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf s';nf.
o] s]þlr s';nd"n]g Psd"nd"nsĕ wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"n]g cţdţd"nd"nsĕ. o] jf kg s';nd"n]g
cţdţd"nd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf s';nf.
cs';nkbgort'Ŋ+þ
o] s]þlr cs';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cs';nd"nf. o] jf kg cs';nd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf cs';nf.
o] s]þlr cs';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cs';nd"n]g Psd"nf. o] jf kg cs';nd"n]g Psd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf cs';nf.
o] s]þlr cs';nd"n]g Psd"nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cs';nd"n]g cţdţd"nf. o] jf kg cs';nd"n]g cţdţd"nf, ;Ƒ]
t] wƙf cs';nf.
o] s]þlr cs';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cs';nd"nd"nf. o] jf kg cs';nd"nd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf cs';nf.
o] s]þlr cs';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cs';nd"n]g Psd"nd"nf. o] jf kg cs';nd"n]g Psd"nd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf
cs';nf.
o] s]þlr cs';nd"n]g Psd"nd"nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cs';nd"n]g cţdţd"nd"nf. o] jf kg cs';nd"n]g
cţdţd"nd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf cs';nf.
o] s]þlr cs';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cs';nd"nsĕ. o] jf kg cs';nd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf cs';nf.
18
o] s]þlr cs';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cs';nd"n]g Psd"nsĕ. o] jf kg cs';nd"n]g Psd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf
cs';nf.
o] s]þlr cs';nd"n]g Psd"nsĕ wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cs';nd"n]g cţdţd"nsĕ. o] jf kg cs';nd"n]g cţdţd"nsĕ,
;Ƒ] t] wƙf cs';nf.
o] s]þlr cs';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cs';nd"nd"nsĕ. o] jf kg cs';nd"nd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf cs';nf.
o] s]þlr cs';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cs';nd"n]g Psd"nd"nsĕ. o] jf kg cs';nd"n]g Psd"nd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf
cs';nf.
o] s]þlr cs';nd"n]g Psd"nd"nsĕ wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cs';nd"n]g cţdţd"nd"nsĕ. o] jf kg cs';nd"n]g
cţdţd"nd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf cs';nf.
cƓfstkbgort'Ŋ+þ
o] s]þlr cƓfstf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cƓfstd"nf. o] jf kg cƓfstd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf cƓfstf.
o] s]þlr cƓfstf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nf. o] jf kg cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf
cƓfstf.
o] s]þlr cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cƓfstd"n]g cţdţd"nf. o] jf kg cƓfstd"n]g cţdţd"nf, ;Ƒ]
t] wƙf cƓfstf.
o] s]þlr cƓfstf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cƓfstd"nd"nf. o] jf kg cƓfstd"nd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf cƓfstf.
o] s]þlr cƓfstf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nd"nf. o] jf kg cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf
cƓfstf.
o] s]þlr cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nd"nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cƓfstd"n]g cţdţd"nd"nf. o] jf kg cƓfstd"n]g
cţdţd"nd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf cƓfstf.
o] s]þlr cƓfstf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cƓfstd"nsĕ. o] jf kg cƓfstd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf cƓfstf.
o] s]þlr cƓfstf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nsĕ. o] jf kg cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf
cƓfstf.
o] s]þlr cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nsĕ wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cƓfstd"n]g cţdţd"nsĕ. o] jf kg cƓfstd"n]g cţdţd"nsĕ,
;Ƒ] t] wƙf cƓfstf.
o] s]þlr cƓfstf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cƓfstd"nd"nsĕ. o] jf kg cƓfstd"nd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf cƓfstf.
o] s]þlr cƓfstf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nd"nsĕ. o] jf kg cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf
cƓfstf.
o] s]þlr cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nd"nsĕ wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cƓfstd"n]g cţdţd"nd"nsĕ. o] jf kg cƓfstd"n]g
cţdţd"nd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf cƓfstf.
gfdkbgort'Ŋ+þ
o] s]þlr gfdf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] gfdd"nf. o] jf kg gfdd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf gfdf.
o] s]þlr gfdf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] gfdd"n]g Psd"nf. o] jf kg gfdd"n]g Psd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf gfdf.
o] s]þlr gfdd"n]g Psd"nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] gfdd"n]g cţdţd"nf. o] jf kg gfdd"n]g cţdţd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf
gfdf.
o] s]þlr gfdf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] gfdd"nd"nf. o] jf kg gfdd"nd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf gfdf.
o] s]þlr gfdf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] gfdd"n]g Psd"nd"nf. o] jf kg gfdd"ng] Psd"nd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf gfdf.
o] s]þlr gfdd"n]g Psd"nd"nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] gfdd"n]g cţdţd"nd"nf. o] jf kg gfdd"n]g cţdţd"nd"nf, ;Ƒ]
t] wƙf gfdf.
o] s]þlr gfdf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] gfdd"nsĕ. o] jf kg gfdd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf gfdf.
o] s]þlr gfdf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] gfdd"n]g Psd"nsĕ. o] jf kg gfdd"n]g Psd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf gfdf.
o] s]þlr gfdd"n]g Psd"nsĕ wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] gfdd"n]g cţdţd"nsĕ. o] jf kg gfdd"n]g cţdţd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t]
wƙf gfdf.
o] s]þlr gfdf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] gfdd"nd"nsĕ. o] jf kg gfdd"nd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf gfdf.
o] s]þlr gfdf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] gfdd"n]g Psd"nd"nsĕ. o] jf kg gfdd"n]g Psd"nd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf gfdf.
o] s]þlr gfdd"n]g Psd"nd"nsĕ wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] gfdd"n]g cţdţd"nd"nsĕ. o] jf kg gfdd"n]g cţdţd"nd"nsĕ,
;Ƒ] t] wƙf gfdf.
o] s]þlr s';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] s';nx]t"»k]0 s';nlgbfgf»k]0 s';n;Ƙjf»k]0 s';nƍejf»k]0
s';n;d'Ūfgf»k]0 s';nfxf/f»k]0 s';nf/ƙ)f»k]0 s';nkŝof»k]0 s';n;d'bof»k]0.
19
d"n+ x]t' lgbfgť, ;Ƙjá kej]g r.
;d'Ūfgfxf/f/ƙ)f, kŝoá ;d'bo]g rfltĶ
d"nodsdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
vƈods+þ
kŰlųjf/á
kťŋƈf ‘od01=vƈods=1cfboá’ _ ¿kŋƈá j]bgfŋƈá ;ţfŋƈá ;řf/ŋƈá ljţf)ŋƈá.
kb;áwgjf/á
cg'nád+
¿k+ ¿kŋƈá, ¿kŋƈá ¿k+.
j]bgf j]bgfŋƈá, j]bgfŋƈá j]bgf.
;ţf ;ţfŋƈá, ;ţfŋƈá ;ţf.
;řf/f ;řf/ŋƈá, ;řf/ŋƈá ;řf/f.
ljţf)+ ljţf)ŋƈá, ljţf)ŋƈá ljţf)+.
kŝgLs+þ
g ¿k+ g ¿kŋƈá, g ¿kŋƈá g ¿k+.
g j]bgf g j]bgfŋƈá, g j]bgfŋƈá g j]bgf.
g ;ţf g ;ţfŋƈá, g ;ţfŋƈá g ;ţf.
g ;řf/f g ;řf/ŋƈá, g ;řf/ŋƈá g ;řf/f.
g ljţf)+ g ljţf)ŋƈá, g ljţf)ŋƈá g ljţf)+.
kb;áwgd"nrŊþjf/á
cg'nád+
¿k+ ¿kŋƈá, vƈf j]bgfŋƈá.
¿k+ ¿kŋƈá, vƈf ;ţfŋƈá.
¿k+ ¿kŋƈá, vƈf ;řf/ŋƈá.
¿k+ ¿kŋƈá, vƈf ljţf)ŋƈá.
j]bgf j]bgfŋƈá, vƈf ¿kŋƈá.
j]bgf j]bgfŋƈá, vƈf ;ţfŋƈá.
j]bgf j]bgfŋƈá, vƈf ;řf/ŋƈá.
j]bgf j]bgfŋƈá, vƈf ljţf)ŋƈá.
;ţf ;ţfŋƈá, vƈf ¿kŋƈá.
;ţf ;ţfŋƈá, vƈf j]bgfŋƈá.
;ţf ;ţfŋƈá, vƈf ;řf/ŋƈá.
;ţf ;ţfŋƈá, vƈf ljţf)ŋƈá.
;řf/f ;řf/ŋƈá, vƈf ¿kŋƈá.
20
;řf/f ;řf/ŋƈá, vƈf j]bgfŋƈá.
;řf/f ;řf/ŋƈá, vƈf ;ţfŋƈá.
;řf/f ;řf/ŋƈá, vƈf ljţf)ŋƈá.
ljţf)+ ljţf)ŋƈá, vƈf ¿kŋƈá.
ljţf)+ ljţf)ŋƈá, vƈf j]bgfŋƈá.
ljţf)+ ljţf)ŋƈá, vƈf ;ţfŋƈá.
ljţf)+ ljţf)ŋƈá, vƈf ;řf/ŋƈá.
kŝgLs+þ
g ¿k+ g ¿kŋƈá, g vƈf g j]bgfŋƈá.
g ¿k+ g ¿kŋƈá, g vƈf g ;ţfŋƈá.
g ¿k+ g ¿kŋƈá, g vƈf g ;řf/ŋƈá.
g ¿k+ g ¿kŋƈá, g vƈf g ljţf)ŋƈá.
g j]bgf g j]bgfŋƈá, g vƈf g ¿kŋƈá.
g j]bgf g j]bgfŋƈá, g vƈf g ;ţfŋƈá.
g j]bgf g j]bgfŋƈá, g vƈf g ;řf/ŋƈá.
g j]bgf g j]bgfŋƈá, g vƈf g ljţf)ŋƈá.
g ;ţf g ;ţfŋƈá, g vƈf g ¿kŋƈá.
g ;ţf g ;ţfŋƈá, g vƈf g j]bgfŋƈá.
g ;ţf g ;ţfŋƈá, g vƈf g ;řf/ŋƈá.
g ;ţf g ;ţfŋƈá, g vƈf g ljţf)ŋƈá.
g ;řf/f g ;řf/ŋƈá, g vƈf g ¿kŋƈá.
g ;řf/f g ;řf/ŋƈá, g vƈf g j]bgfŋƈá.
g ;řf/f g ;řf/ŋƈá, g vƈf g ;ţfŋƈá.
g ;řf/f g ;řf/ŋƈá, g vƈf g ljţf)ŋƈá.
g ljţf)+ g ljţf)ŋƈá, g vƈf g ¿kŋƈá.
g ljţf)+ g ljţf)ŋƈá, g vƈf g j]bgfŋƈá.
g ljţf)+ g ljţf)ŋƈá, g vƈf g ;ţfŋƈá.
g ljţf)+ g ljţf)ŋƈá, g vƈf g ;řf/ŋƈá.
;'źvƈjf/á
cg'nád+
¿k+ vƈá, vƈf ¿k+.
j]bgf vƈá, vƈf j]bgf.
;ţf vƈá, vƈf ;ţf.
;řf/f vƈá, vƈf ;řf/f.
ljţf)+ vƈá, vƈf ljţf)+.
kŝgLs+þ
g ¿k+ g vƈá, g vƈf g ¿k+.
g j]bgf g vƈá, g vƈf g j]bgf.
g ;ţf g vƈá, g vƈf g ;ţf.
g ;řf/f g vƈá, g vƈf g ;řf/f.
g ljţf)+ g vƈá, g vƈf g ljţf)+.
;'źvƈd"nrŊþjf/á
21
cg'nád+
¿k+ vƈá, vƈf j]bgf.
¿k+ vƈá, vƈf ;ţf.
¿k+ vƈá, vƈf ;řf/f.
¿k+ vƈá, vƈf ljţf)+.
j]bgf vƈá, vƈf ¿k+.
j]bgf vƈá, vƈf ;ţf.
j]bgf vƈá, vƈf ;řf/f.
j]bgf vƈá, vƈf ljţf)+.
;ţf vƈá, vƈf ¿k+.
;ţf vƈá, vƈf j]bgf.
;ţf vƈá, vƈf ;řf/f.
;ţf vƈá, vƈf ljţf)+.
;řf/f vƈá, vƈf ¿k+.
;řf/f vƈá, vƈf j]bgf.
;řf/f vƈá, vƈf ;ţf.
;řf/f vƈá, vƈf ljţf)+.
ljţf)+ vƈá, vƈf ¿k+.
ljţf)+ vƈá, vƈf j]bgf.
ljţf)+ vƈá, vƈf ;ţf.
ljţf)+ vƈá, vƈf ;řf/f.
kŝgLs+þ
g ¿k+ g vƈá, g vƈf g j]bgf.
g ¿k+ g vƈá, g vƈf g ;ţf.
g ¿k+ g vƈá, g vƈf g ;řf/f.
g ¿k+ g vƈá, g vƈf g ljţf)+.
g j]bgf g vƈá, g vƈf g ¿k+.
g j]bgf g vƈá, g vƈf g ;ţf.
g j]bgf g vƈá, g vƈf g ;řf/f.
g j]bgf g vƈá, g vƈf g ljţf)+.
g ;ţf g vƈá, g vƈf g ¿k+.
g ;ţf g vƈá, g vƈf g j]bgf.
g ;ţf g vƈá, g vƈf g ;řf/f.
g ;ţf g vƈá, g vƈf g ljţf)+.
g ;řf/f g vƈá, g vƈf g ¿k+.
g ;řf/f g vƈá, g vƈf g j]bgf.
g ;řf/f g vƈá, g vƈf g ;ţf.
g ;řf/f g vƈá, g vƈf g ljţf)+.
g ljţf)+ g vƈá, g vƈf g ¿k+.
g ljţf)+ g vƈá, g vƈf g j]bgf.
g ljţf)+ g vƈá, g vƈf g ;ţf.
g ljţf)+ g vƈá, g vƈf g ;řf/f.
vƈodsdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
22
cfotgods+þ
kŰlųjf/á
ƀfb;fotgflg ‘od01=cfotgods=1cfboá’ _ rŋĕotg+ ;átfotg+ #fgfotg+ lhƢfotg+ sĕofotg+ ¿kfotg+

;Źfotg+ uƈfotg+ /;fotg+ mþáŪƑfotg+ dgfotg+ wƙfotg+.
kb;áwgjf/á
cg'nád+
rŋ' rŋĕotg+, rŋĕotg+ rŋ'.
;át+ ;átfotg+, ;átfotg+ ;át+.
#fg+ #fgfotg+, #fgfotg+ #fg+.
lhƢf lhƢfotg+, lhƢfotg+ lhƢf.
sĕoá sĕofotg+, sĕofotg+ sĕoá.
¿k+ ¿kfotg+, ¿kfotg+ ¿k+.
;Źá ;Źfotg+, ;Źfotg+ ;Źá.
uƈá uƈfotg+, uƈfotg+ uƈá.
/;á /;fotg+, /;fotg+ /;á.
mþáŪƑá mþáŪƑfotg+, mþáŪƑfotg+ mþáŪƑá.
dgá dgfotg+, dgfotg+ dgá.
wƙá wƙfotg+, wƙfotg+ wƙá.
kŝgLs+þ
g rŋ' g rŋĕotg+, g rŋĕotg+ g rŋ'.
g ;át+ g ;átfotg+, g ;átfotg+ g ;át+.
g #fg+ g #fgfotg+, g #fgfotg+ g #fg+.
g lhƢf g lhƢfotg+, g lhƢfotg+ g lhƢf.
g sĕoá g sĕofotg+, g sĕofotg+ g sĕoá.
g ¿k+ g ¿kfotg+, g ¿kfotg+ g ¿k+.
g ;Źá g ;Źfotg+, g ;Źfotg+ g ;Źá.
g uƈá g uƈfotg+, g uƈfotg+ g uƈá.
g /;á g /;fotg+, g /;fotg+ g /;á.
g mþáŪƑá g mþáŪƑfotg+, g mþáŪƑfotg+ g mþáŪƑá.
g dgá g dgfotg+, g dgfotg+ g dgá.
g wƙá g wƙfotg+, g wƙfotg+ g wƙá.
cg'nád+
rŋ' rŋĕotg+, cfotgf ;átfotg+.
rŋ' rŋĕotg+, cfotgf #fgfotg+.
rŋ' rŋĕotg+, cfotgf lhƢfotg+»k]0.
rŋ' rŋĕotg+, cfotgf wƙfotg+.
;át+ ;átfotg+, cfotgf rŋĕotg+.
23
;át+ ;átfotg+, cfotgf #fgfotg+»k]0.
;át+ ;átfotg+, cfotgf wƙfotg+.
#fg+ #fgfotg+, cfotgf rŋĕotg+»k]0.
#fg+ #fgfotg+, cfotgf wƙfotg+»k]0.
wƙá wƙfotg+, cfotgf rŋĕotg+.
wƙá wƙfotg+, cfotgf ;átfotg+»k]0.
wƙá wƙfotg+, cfotgf dgfotg+. ‘rŊ+þ alƈtƑ+.’
kŝgLs+þ
g rŋ' g rŋĕotg+, gfotgf g ;átfotg+.
g rŋ' g rŋĕotg+, gfotgf g #fgfotg+»k]0.
g rŋ' g rŋĕotg+, gfotgf g wƙfotg+.
g ;át+ g ;átfotg+, gfotgf g rŋĕotg+»k]0.
g ;át+ g ;átfotg+, gfotgf g wƙfotg+.
g #fg+ g #fgfotg+, gfotgf g rŋĕotg+»k]0.
g #fg+ g #fgfotg+, gfotgf g wƙfotg+»k]0.
g wƙá g wƙfotg+, gfotgf g rŋĕotg+.
g wƙá g wƙfotg+, gfotgf g ;átfotg+»k]0.
g wƙá g wƙfotg+, gfotgf g dgfotg+. ‘rŊ+þ alƈtƑ+.’
;'źfotgjf/á
cg'nád+
rŋ' cfotg+, cfotgf rŋ'.
;át+ cfotg+, cfotgf ;át+.
#fg+ cfotg+, cfotgf #fg+.
lhƢf cfotg+, cfotgf lhƢf.
sĕoá cfotg+, cfotgf sĕoá.
¿k+ cfotg+, cfotgf ¿k+.
;Źá cfotg+, cfotgf ;Źá.
uƈá cfotg+, cfotgf uƈá.
/;á cfotg+, cfotgf /;á.
mþáŪƑá cfotg+, cfotgf mþáŪƑá.
dgá cfotg+, cfotgf dgá.
wƙá cfotg+, cfotgf wƙá.
kŝgLs+þ
g rŋ' gfotg+, gfotgf g rŋ'.
g ;át+ gfotg+, gfotgf g ;át+.
g #fg+ gfotg+, gfotgf g #fg+.
g lhƢf gfotg+, gfotgf g lhƢf.
g sĕoá gfotg+, gfotgf g sĕoá.
g ¿k+ gfotg+, gfotgf g ¿k+.
g ;Źá gfotg+, gfotgf g ;Źá.
g uƈá gfotg+, gfotgf g uƈá.
g /;á gfotg+, gfotgf g /;á.
g mþáŪƑá gfotg+, gfotgf g mþáŪƑá.
g dgá gfotg+, gfotgf g dgá.
24
g wƙá gfotg+, gfotgf g wƙá.
;'źfotgd"nrŊþjf/á
cg'nád+
rŋ' cfotg+, cfotgf ;át+»k]0.
rŋ' cfotg+, cfotgf wƙá.
;át+ cfotg+, cfotgf rŋ'»k]0.
;át+ cfotg+, cfotgf wƙá.
#fg+ cfotg+, cfotgf rŋ'»k]0.
#fg+ cfotg+, cfotgf wƙá»k]0.
wƙá cfotg+, cfotgf rŋ'.
wƙá cfotg+, cfotgf ;át+»k]0.
wƙá cfotg+, cfotgf dgá. ‘rŊ+þ alƈtƑ+.’
kŝgLs+þ
g rŋ' gfotg+, gfotgf g ;át+»k]0.
g rŋ' gfotg+, gfotgf g wƙá.
g ;át+ gfotg+, gfotgf g rŋ'»k]0.
g ;át+ gfotg+, gfotgf g wƙá.
g #fg+ gfotg+, gfotgf g rŋ'»k]0.
g #fg+ gfotg+, gfotgf g wƙá»k]0.
g wƙá gfotg+, gfotgf g rŋ'.
g wƙá gfotg+, gfotgf g ;át+»k]0.
g wƙá gfotg+, gfotgf g dgá. ‘rŊ+þ alƈtƑ+.’
cfotgodsdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
wft'ods+þ
kŰlųjf/á
cŪf/; wft'oá ‘od01=wft'/ds=1cfboá’ _ rŋ'wft' ;átwft' #fgwft' lhƢfwft' sĕowft' ¿kwft' ;Źwft'
uƈwft' /;wft' mþáŪƑwft' rŋ'ljţf)wft' ;átljţf)wft' #fgljţf)wft' lhƢfljţf)wft' sĕoljţf)wft' dgáwft'
dgáljţf)wft' wƙwft'.
kb;áwgjf/á
cg'nád+
rŋ' rŋ'wft', rŋ'wft' rŋ'.
;át+ ;átwft', ;átwft' ;át+»k]0.
rŋ'ljţf)+ rŋ'ljţf)wft', rŋ'ljţf)wft' rŋ'ljţf)+»k]0.
dgá dgáwft', dgáwft' dgá.
dgáljţf)+ dgáljţf)wft', dgáljţf)wft' dgáljţf)+.
25
wƙá wƙwft', wƙwft' wƙá.
kŝgLs+þ
g rŋ' g rŋ'wft', g rŋ'wft' g rŋ'.
g ;át+ g ;átwft', g ;átwft' g ;át+»k]0.
g rŋ'ljţf)+ g rŋ'ljţf)wft', g rŋ'ljţf)wft' g rŋ'ljţf)+»k]0.
g dgá g dgáwft', g dgáwft' g dgá.
g dgáljţf)+ g dgáljţf)wft', g dgáljţf)wft' g dgáljţf)+.
g wƙá g wƙwft', g wƙwft' g wƙá.
cg'nád+
rŋ' rŋ'wft', wft" ;átwft'»k]0.
rŋ' rŋ'wft', wft" wƙwft'. ‘oyf cfotgods]þ rŊ+þ alƈt+, Pjldw rŊ+þ alƈtƑ+.’
kŝgLs+þ
g rŋ' g rŋ'wft', g wft" g ;átwft'.
g rŋ' g rŋ'wft', g wft" g #fgwft'»k]0.
g rŋ' g rŋ'wft', g wft" g wƙwft'»k]0.
g wƙá g wƙwft', g wft" g rŋ'wft'»k]0.
g wƙá g wƙwft', g wft" g dgáljţf)wft'. ‘rŊ+þ alƈtƑ+.’
;'źwft'jf/á
cg'nád+
rŋ' wft', wft" rŋ'»k]0.
rŋ'ljţf)+ wft', wft" rŋ'ljţf)+»k]0.
dgáljţf)+ wft', wft" dgáljţf)+.
wƙá wft', wft" wƙá.
kŝgLs+þ
g rŋ' g wft', g wft" g rŋ'»k]0.
g rŋ'ljţf)+ g wft', g wft" g rŋ'ljţf)+»k]0.
g dgáljţf)+ g wft', g wft" g dgáljţf)+.
g wƙá g wft', g wft" g wƙá.
;'źwft'd"nrŊþjf/á
cg'nád+
rŋ' wft', wft" ;át+»k]0.
26
rŋ' wft', wft" wƙá»k]0.
wƙá wft', wft" rŋ'»k]0.
wƙá wft', wft" dgáljţf)+. ‘rŊ+þ alƈtƑ+.’
kŝgLs+þ
g rŋ' g wft', g wft" g ;át+»k]0.
g rŋ' g wft', g wft" g wƙá»k]0.
g wƙá g wft', g wft" g rŋ'»k]0.
g wƙá g wft', g wft" g dgáljţf)+. ‘rŊ+þ alƈtƑ+. ’
wft'odsdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
;ŝods+þ
kŰlųjf/á
rųfl/ ;ŝflg ‘od01=;ŝods=1cfboá’ _ b'ŋ;ŝ+ ;d'bo;ŝ+ lg/áw;ŝ+ dƮ;ŝ+.
kb;áwgjf/á
cg'nád+
b'ŋ+ b'ŋ;ŝ+, b'ŋ;ŝ+ b'ŋ+.
;d'boá ;d'bo;ŝ+, ;d'bo;ŝ+ ;d'boá.
lg/á±wëf lg/áw;ŝ+, lg/áw;ŝ+ lg/á±wëf.
d±Ʈëf dƮ;ŝ+, dƮ;ŝ+ d±Ʈëf.
kŝgLs+þ
g b'ŋ+ g b'ŋ;ŝ+, g b'ŋ;ŝ+ g b'ŋ+.
g ;d'boá g ;d'bo;ŝ+, g ;d'bo;ŝ+ g ;d'boá.
g lg/á±wëf g lg/áw;ŝ+, g lg/áw;ŝ+ g lg/á±wëf.
g d±Ʈëf g dƮ;ŝ+, g dƮ;ŝ+ g d±Ʈëf.
cg'nád+
b'ŋ+ b'ŋ;ŝ+, ;ŝf ;d'bo;ŝ+.
b'ŋ+ b'ŋ;ŝ+, ;ŝf lg/áw;ŝ+.
b'ŋ+ b'ŋ;ŝ+, ;ŝf dƮ;ŝ+.
;d'boá ;d'bo;ŝ+, ;ŝf b'ŋ;ŝ+.
;d'boá ;d'bo;ŝ+, ;ŝf lg/áw;ŝ+.
;d'boá ;d'bo;ŝ+, ;ŝf dƮ;ŝ+.
lg/á±wëf lg/áw;ŝ+, ;ŝf b'ŋ;ŝ+.
27
lg/á±wëf lg/áw;ŝ+, ;ŝf ;d'bo;ŝ+.
lg/á±wëf lg/áw;ŝ+, ;ŝf dƮ;ŝ+.
d±Ʈëf dƮ;ŝ+, ;ŝf b'ŋ;ŝ+.
d±Ʈëf dƮ;ŝ+, ;ŝf ;d'bo;ŝ+.
d±Ʈëf dƮ;ŝ+, ;ŝf lg/áw;ŝ+.
kŝgLs+þ
g b'ŋ+ g b'ŋ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g ;d'bo;ŝ+.
g b'ŋ+ g b'ŋ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g lg/áw;ŝ+.
g b'ŋ+ g b'ŋ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g dƮ;ŝ+.
g ;d'boá g ;d'bo;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g b'ŋ;ŝ+.
g ;d'boá g ;d'bo;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g lg/áw;ŝ+.
g ;d'boá g ;d'bo;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g dƮ;ŝ+.
g lg/á±wëf g lg/áw;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g b'ŋ;ŝ+.
g lg/á±wëf g lg/áw;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g ;d'bo;ŝ+.
g lg/á±wëf g lg/áw;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g dƮ;ŝ+.
g d±Ʈëf g dƮ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g b'ŋ;ŝ+.
g d±Ʈëf g dƮ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g ;d'bo;ŝ+.
g d±Ʈëf g dƮ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g lg/áw;ŝ+.
;'ź;ŝjf/á
cg'nád+
b'ŋ+ ;ŝ+, ;ŝf b'ŋ+.
;d'boá ;ŝ+, ;ŝf ;d'boá.
lg/á±wëf ;ŝ+, ;ŝf lg/á±wëf.
d±Ʈëf ;ŝ+, ;ŝf d±Ʈëf.
kŝgLs+þ
g b'ŋ+ g ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g b'ŋ+.
g ;d'boá g ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g ;d'boá.
g lg/á±wëf g ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g lg/á±wëf.
g d±Ʈëf g ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g d±Ʈëf.
;'ź;ŝd"nrŊþjf/á
cg'nád+
b'ŋ+ ;ŝ+, ;ŝf ;d'boá.
b'ŋ+ ;ŝ+, ;ŝf lg/á±wëf.
b'ŋ+ ;ŝ+, ;ŝf d±Ʈëf.
;d'boá ;ŝ+, ;ŝf b'ŋ+»k]0 ;ŝf d±Ʈëf.
lg/á±wëf ;ŝ+, ;ŝf b'ŋ+»k]0 ;ŝf d±Ʈëf.
d±Ʈëf ;ŝ+, ;ŝf b'ŋ+.
d±Ʈëf ;ŝ+, ;ŝf ;d'boá.
d±Ʈëf ;ŝ+, ;ŝf lg/á±wëf.
28
kŝgLs+þ
g b'ŋ+ g ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g ;d'boá.
g b'ŋ+ g ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g lg/á±wëf.
g b'ŋ+ g ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g d±Ʈëf.
g ;d'boá g ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g b'ŋ+»k]0 g ;ŝf g d±Ʈëf.
g lg/á±wëf g ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g b'ŋ+»k]0 g ;ŝf g d±Ʈëf.
g d±Ʈëf g ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g b'ŋ+.
g d±Ʈëf g ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g ;d'boá.
g d±Ʈëf g ;ŝ+, g ;ŝf g lg/á±wëf.
;ŝodsdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
;řf/ods+þ
kŰlųjf/á
toá ;řf/f ‘od02=;řf/ods=1cfboá’ _ sĕo;řf/á jrL;řf/á lrų;řf/á. cƧf;kƧf;f sĕo;řf/á,
ljtŊþljrf/f jrL;řf/á, ;ţf r j]bgf r lrų;řf/á, &k]ŷf ljtŊþljrf/] ;Ƒ]lk lrų;ƕo'ųsĕ wƙf lrų;řf/á.
kb;áwgjf/á
cg'nád+
sĕoá sĕo;řf/á, sĕo;řf/á sĕoá.
jrL jrL;řf/á, jrL;řf/á jrL.
lrų+ lrų;řf/á, lrų;řf/á lrų+.
kŝgLs+þ
g sĕoá g sĕo;řf/á, g sĕo;řf/á g sĕoá.
g jrL g jrL;řf/á, g jrL;řf/á g jrL.
g lrų+ g lrų;řf/á, g lrų;řf/á g lrų+.
cg'nád+
sĕoá sĕo;řf/á, ;řf/f jrL;řf/á.
sĕoá sĕo;řf/á, ;řf/f lrų;řf/á.
jrL jrL;řf/á, ;řf/f sĕo;řf/á.
jrL jrL;řf/á, ;řf/f lrų;řf/á.
lrų+ lrų;řf/á, ;řf/f sĕo;řf/á.
lrų+ lrų;řf/á, ;řf/f jrL;řf/á.
29
kŝgLs+þ
g sĕoá g sĕo;řf/á, g ;řf/f g jrL;řf/á.
g sĕoá g sĕo;řf/á, g ;řf/f g lrų;řf/á.
g jrL g jrL;řf/á, g ;řf/f g sĕo;řf/á.
g jrL g jrL;řf/á, g ;řf/f g lrų;řf/á.
g lrų+ g lrų;řf/á, g ;řf/f g sĕo;řf/á.
g lrų+ g lrų;řf/á, g ;řf/f g jrL;řf/á.
;'ź;řf/jf/á
cg'nád+
sĕo;řf/á jrL;řf/á, jrL;řf/á sĕo;řf/á.
sĕo;řf/á lrų;řf/á, lrų;řf/á sĕo;řf/á.
jrL;řf/á lrų;řf/á, lrų;řf/á jrL;řf/á.
kŝgLs+þ
g sĕo;řf/á g jrL;řf/á, g jrL;řf/á g sĕo;řf/á.
g sĕo;řf/á g lrų;řf/á, g lrų;řf/á g sĕo;řf/á.
g jrL;řf/á g lrų;řf/á, g lrų;řf/á g jrL;řf/á.
;řf/odsdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
cg';oods+þ
;ųfg';of ‘od02=cg';oods=1’ _ sĕd/fufg';oá kl#fg';oá dfgfg';oá lbŪfg';oá ljlrlsŞfg';oá
ej/fufg';oá cljşĕg';oá.
cg';oodsdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
lrųods+þ
;'źlrų;fdţ+
k'Ʈnjf/á
1= pƍfblg/áwsĕn;Ƙ]bjf/á
oƧ lrų+ pƍşlt g lg?Ţlt ‘od02=lrųods=1cfboá’, tƧ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt g pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg
lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt g pƍlşƧlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍşlt g lg?Ţlt.
oƧ lrų+ g pƍşlt lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt
30
pƍlşƧlt, tƧ lrų+ g pƍşlt lg?Ţlt.
2= pƍfb'ƍƉjf/á
oƧ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ pƍşlt.
oƧ lrų+ g pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ g pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
3= lg/áw'ƍƉjf/á
oƧ lrų+ lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ lg?Ţlt.
oƧ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų+ g pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt.
4= pƍfbjf/á
oƧ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşŴ. oƧ jf kg lrų+ pƍlşŴ, tƧ lrų+ pƍşlt.
oƧ lrų+ g pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, tƧ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
oƧ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ pƍlşƧlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍşlt.
oƧ lrų+ g pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt, tƧ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
oƧ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ pƍlşƧlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşŴ.
oƧ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, tƧ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt, tƧ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ.
5= lg/áwjf/á
oƧ lrų+ lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ. oƧ jf kg lrų+ lg?lŢŴ, tƧ lrų+ lg?Ţlt.
oƧ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ, tƧ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt.
oƧ lrų+ lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ lrų+ lg?Ţlt.
oƧ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt.
oƧ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ, tƧ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ.
oƧ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ, tƧ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ.
6= pƍfblg/áwjf/á
oƧ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ. oƧ jf kg lrų+ lg?lŢŴ, tƧ lrų+ pƍşlt.
oƧ lrų+ g pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ, tƧ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
oƧ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍşlt.
oƧ lrų+ g pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
oƧ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, tƧ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşŴ.
oƧ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, tƧ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ.
7= pƍşdfgglg/áwjf/á
oƧ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍşlt.
oƧ lrų+ g pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ lg?Ţlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
8= pƍşdfg'ƍƉjf/á
oƧ lrų+ pƍşdfg+, tƧ lrų+ pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ pƍşdfg+.
oƧ lrų+ g pƍşdfg+, tƧ lrų+ g pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ g pƍşdfg+.
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9= lg?Ţdfg'ƍƉjf/á
oƧ lrų+ lg?Ţdfg+, tƧ lrų+ pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ lg?Ţdfg+.
oƧ lrų+ g lg?Ţdfg+, tƧ lrų+ g pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ g lg?Ţdfg+.
10= pƍƉ'ƍfbjf/á
oƧ lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşŴ. oƧ jf kg lrų+ pƍlşŴ, tƧ lrų+ pƍƉ+.
oƧ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, tƧ lrų+ g pƍƉ+.
oƧ lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ pƍlşƧlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍƉ+.
oƧ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt, tƧ lrų+ g pƍƉ+.
11= ctLtfgfutjf/á
oƧ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, gá r tƧ lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ pƍlşƧlt, gá r tƧ lrų+
pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşŴ.
oƧ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, gá r tƧ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt, gá
r tƧ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ.
12= pƍƉ'ƍşdfgjf/á
pƍƉ+ pƍşdfg+, pƍşdfg+ pƍƉ+.
g pƍƉ+ g pƍşdfg+, g pƍşdfg+ g pƍƉ+.
13= lg?źlg?Ţdfgjf/á
lg?ź+ lg?Ţdfg+, lg?Ţdfg+ lg?ź+.
g lg?ź+ g lg?Ţdfg+, g lg?Ţdfg+ g lg?ź+.
14= cltŊþƃsĕnjf/á
oƧ lrų+ pƍşdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+ tƧ lrų+. oƧ jf
kg lrų+ lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, pƍşdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+ tƧ lrų+.
oƧ lrų+ g pƍşdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, g lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+ tƧ lrų+.
oƧ jf kg lrų+ g lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, g pƍşdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+ tƧ lrų+.
;'źlrų;fdţ+
wƙjf/á
o+ lrų+ pƍşlt g lg?Ţlt, t+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt g pƍlşƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt g pƍlşƧlt, t+
lrų+ pƍşlt g lg?Ţlt.
o+ lrų+ g pƍşlt lg?Ţlt, t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt pƍlşƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt pƍlşƧlt, t+
lrų+ g pƍşlt lg?Ţlt.
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2= pƍfb'ƍƉjf/á
o+ lrų+ pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+. o+ jf kg lrų+ pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ pƍşlt.
o+ lrų+ g pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+. o+ jf kg lrų+ g pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
3= lg/áw'ƍƉjf/á
o+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt, t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+. o+ jf kg lrų+ pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt.
o+ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt, t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+. o+ jf kg lrų+ g pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt.
4= pƍfbjf/á
o+ lrų+ pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ. o+ jf kg lrų+ pƍlşŴ, t+ lrų+ pƍşlt.
o+ lrų+ g pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ. o+ jf kg lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, t+ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
o+ lrų+ pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ pƍlşƧlt, t+ lrų+ pƍşlt.
o+ lrų+ g pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt, t+ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
o+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, t+ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ pƍlşƧlt, t+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ.
o+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, t+ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt, t+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ.
5= lg/áwjf/á
o+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt, t+ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ. o+ jf kg lrų+ lg?lŢŴ, t+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt.
o+ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt, t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ. o+ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ, t+ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt.
o+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt, t+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt, t+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt.
o+ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt, t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt, t+ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt.
o+ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ, t+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt, t+ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ.
o+ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ, t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt, t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ.
6= pƍfblg/áwjf/á
o+ lrų+ pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ. o+ jf kg lrų+ lg?lŢŴ, t+ lrų+ pƍşlt.
o+ lrų+ g pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ. o+ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ, t+ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
o+ lrų+ pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt, t+ lrų+ pƍşlt.
o+ lrų+ g pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt, t+ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
o+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, t+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt, t+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ.
o+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt, t+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ.
o+ lrų+ pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ g lg?Ţlt, t+ lrų+ pƍşlt.
o+ lrų+ g pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ lg?Ţlt, t+ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
o+ lrų+ pƍşdfg+, t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+. o+ jf kg lrų+ pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ pƍşdfg+.
o+ lrų+ g pƍşdfg+, t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+. o+ jf kg lrų+ g pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ g pƍşdfg+.
o+ lrų+ lg?Ţdfg+, t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+. o+ jf kg lrų+ pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ lg?Ţdfg+.
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o+ lrų+ g lg?Ţdfg+, t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+. o+ jf kg lrų+ g pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ g lg?Ţdfg+.
10= pƍƉ'ƍfbjf/á
o+ lrų+ pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ. o+ jf kg lrų+ pƍlşŴ, t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+.
o+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ. o+ jf kg lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+.
o+ lrų+ pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ pƍlşƧlt, t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+.
o+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt, t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+.
11= ctLtfgfutjf/á
o+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, gá r t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ pƍlşƧlt, gá r t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+,
t+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ.
o+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, gá r t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt. o+ jf kg lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt, gá r t+
lrų+ g pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ.
o+ lrų+ pƍşdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+ t+ lrų+. o+ jf kg
lrų+ lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, pƍşdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+ t+ lrų+.
o+ lrų+ g pƍşdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, g lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+ t+ lrų+. o+ jf
kg lrų+ g lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, g pƍşdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+ t+ lrų+.
;'źlrų;fdţ+
k'Ʈnwƙjf/á
oƧ o+ lrų+ pƍşlt g lg?Ţlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt g pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt g
pƍlşƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍşlt g lg?Ţlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g pƍşlt lg?Ţlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt
pƍlşƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍşlt lg?Ţlt.
2= pƍfb'ƍƉjf/á
oƧ o+ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍşlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g pƍşlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
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3= lg/áw'ƍƉjf/á
oƧ o+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt.
4= pƍfbjf/á
oƧ o+ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍşlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g pƍşlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍşlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g pƍşlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g
pƍşlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g
pƍlşŴ.
5= lg/áwjf/á
oƧ o+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ, tƧ t+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ, tƧ t+ lrų+ g
lg?Ţlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g
lg?Ţlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ, tƧ t+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ, tƧ t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g
lg?lŢŴ.
6= pƍfblg/áwjf/á
oƧ o+ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍşlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g pƍşlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍşlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g pƍşlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g
pƍşlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, tƧ t+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, tƧ t+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g
pƍlşŴ.
oƧ o+ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g lg?Ţlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍşlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g pƍşlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍşlt.
oƧ o+ lrų+ pƍşdfg+, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍşdfg+.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g pƍşdfg+, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍşdfg+.
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oƧ o+ lrų+ lg?Ţdfg+, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ lg?Ţdfg+.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g lg?Ţdfg+, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ g lg?Ţdfg+.
10= pƍƉ'ƍfbjf/á
oƧ o+ lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+.
oƧ o+ lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt, oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+.
11= ctLtfgfutjf/á
oƧ o+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, gá r tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ pƍlşƧlt, gá
r tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ, gá r tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g
pƍlşƧlt, gá r tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍƉ+, tƧ t+ lrų+ g pƍlşŴ.
oƧ o+ lrų+ pƍşdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+ tƧ t+ lrų+.
oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, pƍşdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+ tƧ t+ lrų+.
oƧ o+ lrų+ g pƍşdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, g lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+ tƧ t+
lrų+. oƧ jf kg o+ lrų+ g lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, g pƍşdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+ tƧ
t+ lrų+.
;'ųƃlrųldƧslj;];á
oƧ ;/fu+ lrų+ pƍşlt»k]0 oƧ jLt/fu+ lrų+ pƍşlt. oƧ ;bá;+ lrų+ pƍşlt. oƧ jLtbá;+ lrų+
pƍşlt. oƧ ;dáx+ lrų+ pƍşlt. oƧ jLtdáx+ lrų+ pƍşlt. oƧ ;+lvų+ lrų+ pƍşlt. oƧ ljlŋų+ lrų+
pƍşlt. oƧ dxƮt+ lrų+ pƍşlt. oƧ cdxƮt+ lrų+ pƍşlt. oƧ ;pų/+ lrų+ pƍşlt. oƧ cg'ų/+ lrų+
pƍşlt. oƧ ;dflxt+ lrų+ pƍşlt. oƧ c;dflxt+ lrų+ pƍşlt. oƧ ljd'ų+ lrų+ pƍşlt. oƧ cljd'ų+ lrų+
pƍşlt.
clewƙlrųldƧslj;];á
oƧ s';n+ lrų+ pƍşlt»k]0 oƧ cs';n+ lrų+ pƍşlt. oƧ cƓfst+ lrų+ pƍşlt. oƧ ;'vfo j]bgfo
;ƕo'ų+ lrų+ pƍşlt.
‘Pt]g pkfo]g ofj ;/)c/)f pźl/tƑf.’
36
oƧ c/)+ lrų+ pƍşlt g lg?Ţlt, tƧ c/)+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt g pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg c/)+ lrų+
lg?lŢƧlt g pƍlşƧlt, tƧ c/)+ lrų+ pƍşlt g lg?Ţlt.
lrųodsdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
wƙods+þ
kŰlųjf/á
kb;áwgjf/á
cg'nád+
s';nf s';nf wƙf ‘od03=wƙods=1cfboá’. s';nf wƙf s';nf.
cs';nf cs';nf wƙf. cs';nf wƙf cs';nf.
cƓfstf cƓfstf wƙf. cƓfstf wƙf cƓfstf.
kŝgLs+þ
g s';nf g s';nf wƙf. g s';nf wƙf g s';nf.
g cs';nf g cs';nf wƙf. g cs';nf wƙf g cs';nf.
g cƓfstf g cƓfstf wƙf. g cƓfstf wƙf g cƓfstf.
cg'nád+
s';nf s';nf wƙf. wƙf cs';nf wƙf.
s';nf s';nf wƙf. wƙf cƓfstf wƙf.
cs';nf cs';nf wƙf. wƙf s';nf wƙf.
cs';nf cs';nf wƙf. wƙf cƓfstf wƙf.
cƓfstf cƓfstf wƙf. wƙf s';nf wƙf.
cƓfstf cƓfstf wƙf. wƙf cs';nf wƙf.
kŝgLs+þ
g s';nf g s';nf wƙf. g wƙf g cs';nf wƙf.
g s';nf g s';nf wƙf. g wƙf g cƓfstf wƙf.
g cs';nf g cs';nf wƙf. g wƙf g s';nf wƙf.
g cs';nf g cs';nf wƙf. g wƙf g cƓfstf wƙf.
g cƓfstf g cƓfstf wƙf. g wƙf g s';nf wƙf.
g cƓfstf g cƓfstf wƙf. g wƙf g cs';nf wƙf.
;'źwƙjf/á
37
cg'nád+
s';nf wƙf. wƙf s';nf.
cs';nf wƙf. wƙf cs';nf.
cƓfstf wƙf. wƙf cƓfstf.
kŝgLs+þ
g s';nf g wƙf. g wƙf g s';nf.
g cs';nf g wƙf. g wƙf g cs';nf.
g cƓfstf g wƙf. g wƙf g cƓfstf.
;'źwƙd"nrŊþjf/á
cg'nád+
s';nf wƙf. wƙf cs';nf.
s';nf wƙf. wƙf cƓfstf.
cs';nf wƙf. wƙf s';nf.
cs';nf wƙf. wƙf cƓfstf.
cƓfstf wƙf. wƙf s';nf.
cƓfstf wƙf. wƙf cs';nf.
kŝgLs+þ
g s';nf g wƙf. g wƙf g cs';nf.
g s';nf g wƙf. g wƙf g cƓfstf.
g cs';nf g wƙf. g wƙf g s';nf.
g cs';nf g wƙf. g wƙf g cƓfstf.
g cƓfstf g wƙf. g wƙf g s';nf.
g cƓfstf g wƙf. g wƙf g cs';nf.
wƙodsdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
OlƇoods+þ
kŰlųjf/á
afjL;ltlƇoflg ‘od03=OlƇoods=1cfboá’ _ rŋ'lƇo+ ;áltlƇo+ #flglƇo+ lhlƢlƇo+ sĕlolƇo+ dlglƇo+
OlŴlƇo+ k'l/l;lƇo+ hËljltlƇo+ ;'lvlƇo+ b'lŋlƇo+ ;ádglƧlƇo+ bádglƧlƇo+ pk]lŋlƇo+ ;lźlƇo+ jLl/lolƇo+ ;ltlƇo+
;dflwlƇo+ klţlƇo+ cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+ clţlƇo+ cţftfljlƇo+.
kb;áwgjf/á
38
cg'nád+
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, rŋ'lƇo+ rŋ'.

;át+ ;áltlƇo+, ;áltlƇo+ ;át+.
#fg+ #flglƇo+, #flglƇo+ #fg+.
lhƢf lhlƢlƇo+, lhlƢlƇo+ lhƢf.
sĕoá sĕlolƇo+, sĕlolƇo+ sĕoá.
dgá dlglƇo+, dlglƇo+ dgá.
OŴL OlŴlƇo+, OlŴlƇo+ OŴL.
k'l/;á k'l/l;lƇo+, k'l/l;lƇo+ k'l/;á.
hËljt+ hËljltlƇo+, hËljltlƇo+ hËljt+.
;'v+ ;'lvlƇo+, ;'lvlƇo+ ;'v+.
b'ŋ+ b'lŋlƇo+, b'lŋlƇo+ b'ŋ+.
;ádgƧ+ ;ádglƧlƇo+, ;ádglƧlƇo+ ;ádgƧ+.
bádgƧ+ bádglƧlƇo+, bádglƧlƇo+ bádgƧ+.
pk]ŋĕ pk]lŋlƇo+, pk]lŋlƇo+ pk]ŋĕ.
;źf ;lźlƇo+, ;lźlƇo+ ;źf.
jLl/o+ jLl/lolƇo+, jLl/lolƇo+ jLl/o+.
;lt ;ltlƇo+, ;ltlƇo+ ;lt.
;dflw ;dflwlƇo+, ;dflwlƇo+ ;dflw.
kţf klţlƇo+, klţlƇo+ kţf.
cgţftţƧfdLlt cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+, cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+ cgţftţƧfdLlt.
cţ+ clţlƇo+, clţlƇo+ cţ+.
cţftfjL cţftfljlƇo+, cţftfljlƇo+ cţftfjL.
kŝgLs+þ
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g rŋ'lƇo+ g rŋ'.
g ;át+ g ;áltlƇo+, g ;áltlƇo+ g ;át+.
g #fg+ g #flglƇo+, g #flglƇo+ g #fg+.
g lhƢf g lhlƢlƇo+, g lhlƢlƇo+ g lhƢf.
g sĕoá g sĕlolƇo+, g sĕlolƇo+ g sĕoá.
g dgá g dlglƇo+, g dlglƇo+ g dgá.
g OŴL g OlŴlƇo+, g OlŴlƇo+ g OŴL.
g k'l/;á g k'l/l;lƇo+, g k'l/l;lƇo+ g k'l/;á.
g hËljt+ g hËljltlƇo+, g hËljltlƇo+ g hËljt+.
g ;'v+ g ;'lvlƇo+, g ;'lvlƇo+ g ;'v+.
g b'ŋ+ g b'lŋlƇo+, g b'lŋlƇo+ g b'ŋ+.
g ;ádgƧ+ g ;ádglƧlƇo+, g ;ádglƧlƇo+ g ;ádgƧ+.
g bádgƧ+ g bádglƧlƇo+, g bádglƧlƇo+ g bádgƧ+.
g pk]ŋĕ g pk]lŋlƇo+, g pk]lŋlƇo+ g pk]ŋĕ.
g ;źf g ;lźlƇo+, g ;lźlƇo+ g ;źf.
g jLl/o+ g jLl/lolƇo+, g jLl/lolƇo+ g jLl/o+.
g ;lt g ;ltlƇo+, g ;ltlƇo+ g ;lt.
g ;dflw g ;dflwlƇo+, g ;dflwlƇo+ g ;dflw.
g kţf g klţlƇo+, g klţlƇo+ g kţf.
g cgţftţƧfdLlt g cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+, g cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+ g cgţftţƧfdLlt.
g cţ+ g clţlƇo+, g clţlƇo+ g cţ+.
g cţftfjL g cţftfljlƇo+, g cţftfljlƇo+ g cţftfjL.
39
cg'nád+
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof ;áltlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof #flglƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof lhlƢlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof sĕlolƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof dlglƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof OlŴlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof k'l/l;lƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof hËljltlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof ;'lvlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof b'lŋlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof ;ádglƧlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof bádglƧlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof pk]lŋlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof ;lźlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof jLl/lolƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof ;ltlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof ;dflwlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof klţlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof clţlƇo+.
rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
;át+ ;áltlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
;át+ ;áltlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
#fg+ #flglƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
#fg+ #flglƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
lhƢf lhlƢlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
lhƢf lhlƢlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
sĕoá sĕlolƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
sĕoá sĕlolƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
dgá dlglƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
dgá dlglƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
OŴL OlŴlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
OŴL OlŴlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
k'l/;á k'l/l;lƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
k'l/;á k'l/l;lƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
hËljt+ hËljltlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
hËljt+ hËljltlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
;'v+ ;'lvlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
;'v+ ;'lvlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
b'ŋ+ b'lŋlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
b'ŋ+ b'lŋlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
;ádgƧ+ ;ádglƧlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
;ádgƧ+ ;ádglƧlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
bádgƧ+ bádglƧlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
bádgƧ+ bádglƧlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
pk]ŋĕ pk]lŋlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
pk]ŋĕ pk]lŋlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
;źf ;lźlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
;źf ;lźlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
jLl/o+ jLl/lolƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
jLl/o+ jLl/lolƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
40
;lt ;ltlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
;lt ;ltlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
;dflw ;dflwlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
;dflw ;dflwlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
kţf klţlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
kţf klţlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
cgţftţƧfdLlt cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
cgţftţƧfdLlt cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
cţ+ clţlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
cţ+ clţlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfljlƇo+.
cţftfjL cţftfljlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'lƇo+»k]0.
cţftfjL cţftfljlƇo+, OlƇof clţlƇo+.
kŝgLs+þ
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g ;áltlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g #flglƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g lhlƢlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g sĕlolƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g dlglƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g OlŴlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g k'l/l;lƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g hËljltlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g ;'lvlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g b'lŋlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g ;ádglƧlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g bádglƧlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g pk]lŋlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g ;lźlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g jLl/lolƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g ;ltlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g ;dflwlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g klţlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g clţlƇo+.
g rŋ' g rŋ'lƇo+, g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g ;át+ g ;áltlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g #fg+ g #flglƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g lhƢf g lhlƢlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g sĕoá g sĕlolƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g dgá g dlglƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g OŴL g OlŴlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g k'l/;á g k'l/l;lƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g hËljt+ g hËljltlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g ;'v+ g ;'lvlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g b'ŋ+ g b'lŋlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g ;ádgƧ+ g ;ádglƧlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g bádgƧ+ g bádglƧlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g pk]ŋĕ g pk]lŋlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g ;źf g ;lźlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g jLl/o+ g jLl/lolƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g ;lt g ;ltlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g ;dflw g ;dflwlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g kţf g klţlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
41
g cgţftţƧfdLlt g cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g cţ+ g clţlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfljlƇo+.
g cţftfjL g cţftfljlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'lƇo+»k]0 g OlƇof g clţlƇo+.
;'lźlƇojf/á
cg'nád+
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'.
;át+ OlƇo+, OlƇof ;át+.
#fg+ OlƇo+, OlƇof #fg+.
lhƢf OlƇo+, OlƇof lhƢf.
sĕoá OlƇo+, OlƇof sĕoá.
dgá OlƇo+, OlƇof dgá.
OŴL OlƇo+, OlƇof OŴL.
k'l/;á OlƇo+, OlƇof k'l/;á.
hËljt+ OlƇo+, OlƇof hËljt+.
;'v+ OlƇo+, OlƇof ;'v+.
b'ŋ+ OlƇo+, OlƇof b'ŋ+.
;ádgƧ+ OlƇo+, OlƇof ;ádgƧ+.
bádgƧ+ OlƇo+, OlƇof bádgƧ+.
pk]ŋĕ OlƇo+, OlƇof pk]ŋĕ.
;źf OlƇo+, OlƇof ;źf.
jLl/o+ OlƇo+, OlƇof jLl/o+.
;lt OlƇo+, OlƇof ;lt.
;dflw OlƇo+, OlƇof ;dflw.
kţf OlƇo+, OlƇof kţf.
cgţftţƧfdLlt OlƇo+, OlƇof cgţftţƧfdLlt.
cţ+ OlƇo+, OlƇof cţ+.
cţftfjL OlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfjL.
kŝgLs+þ
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'.
g ;át+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g ;át+.
g #fg+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g #fg+.
g lhƢf g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g lhƢf.
g sĕoá g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g sĕoá.
g dgá g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g dgá.
g OŴL g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g OŴL.
g k'l/;á g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g k'l/;á.
g hËljt+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g hËljt+.
g ;'v+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g ;'v+.
g b'ŋ+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g b'ŋ+.
g ;ádgƧ+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g ;ádgƧ+.
g bádgƧ+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g bádgƧ+.
g pk]ŋĕ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g pk]ŋĕ.
g ;źf g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g ;źf.
g jLl/o+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g jLl/o+.
g ;lt g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g ;lt.
g ;dflw g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g ;dflw.
g kţf g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g kţf.
42
g cgţftţƧfdLlt g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g cgţftţƧfdLlt.
g cţ+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g cţ+.
g cţftfjL g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
;'lźlƇod"nrŊþjf/á
cg'nád+
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof ;át+.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof #fg+.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof lhƢf.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof sĕoá.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof dgá.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof OŴL.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof k'l/;á.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof hËljt+.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof ;'v+.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof b'ŋ+.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof ;ádgƧ+.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof bádgƧ+.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof pk]ŋĕ.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof ;źf.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof jLl/o+.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof ;lt.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof ;dflw.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof kţf.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof cgţftţƧfdLlt.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof cţ+.
rŋ' OlƇo+, OlƇof cţftfjL.
;át+ OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
#fg+ OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
lhƢf OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
sĕoá OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
dgá OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
OŴL OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
k'l/;á OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
hËljt+ OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
;'v+ OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
b'ŋ+ OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
;ádgƧ+ OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
bádgƧ+ OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
pk]ŋĕ OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
;źf OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
jLl/o+ OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
;lt OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
;dflw OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
kţf OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
cgţftţƧfdLlt OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
cţ+ OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţftfjL.
cţftfjL OlƇo+, OlƇof rŋ'»k]0 OlƇof cţ+.
43
kŝgLs+þ
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g ;át+.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g #fg+.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g lhƢf.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g sĕoá.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g dgá.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g OŴL.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g k'l/;á.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g hËljt+.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g ;'v+.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g b'ŋ+.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g ;ádgƧ+.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g bádgƧ+.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g pk]ŋĕ.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g ;źf.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g jLl/o+.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g ;lt.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g ;dflw.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g kţf.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g cgţftţƧfdLlt.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g cţ+.
g rŋ' g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g ;át+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g #fg+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g lhƢf g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g sĕoá g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g dgá g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g OŴL g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g k'l/;á g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g hËljt+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g ;'v+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g b'ŋ+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g ;ádgƧ+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g bádgƧ+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g pk]ŋĕ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g ;źf g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g jLl/o+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g ;lt g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g ;dflw g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g kţf g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g cgţftţƧfdLlt g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g cţ+ g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţftfjL.
g cţftfjL g OlƇo+, g OlƇof g rŋ'»k]0 g OlƇof g cţ+.
OlƇoodsdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
odsdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
7= kŪfgdfltsĕ
44
x]t'kŝoá cf/ƙ)kŝoá clwkltkŝoá cgƃ/kŝoá ;dgƃ/kŝoá ;xhĕtkŝoá cţdţkŝoá lgƧokŝoá
pklgƧokŝoá k'/]hĕtkŝoá kŞfhĕtkŝoá cf;]jgkŝoá sƙkŝoá ljkfskŝoá cfxf/kŝoá OlƇokŝoá ´fgkŝoá
dƮkŝoá ;ƕo'ųkŝoá ljƍo'ųkŝoá clŴkŝoá glŴkŝoá ljutkŝoá cljutkŝoált ‘kŪf01=1=kŝo'Ź];’.
kŪfgdfltsĕ lglŪtf.
lgudg+
;ųƍs/)gfdtá clewƙdb];lo.
b]jfltb]já b]jfg+, b]jnáslƛ t+ k'/]Ķ
tƧfo+ dfltsĕ ;Ƒf, ;snƧflk pź/f.
lr/lŪtŴ+ wƙƧ, t+ kƮŲƃ' ;fwjáĶ
ƀfjL;lt ltsĕ r]j, t±yëj x]t'±uëfŞs+þ.
r"ńƃ/b'sĕ ;ų, ±uëfŞsĕ r ttá k/+Ķ
dxƃ/b'sĕ rflk, ttá r'Ź; lglŹ;].
±uëfŞsĕlg b'j] lklŪ-b'sĕlgŪf/;]lb;fĶ
ƀfrųfnL; ;'ųƃ-b'sĕ t]jlƃ kťwf.
;ųƍs/l)sĕ leƉf, wƙ;śl)dfltsĕĶ
clewƙdfltsĕkflń lglŪtf.
Ķ gdá tƧ eujtá c/xtá ;ƙf;Ɨ'źƧĶ
dáxljŞ]bgL
uƅf/Ƙsyf
1= sĕ?ţefljt+ oƧ, `f)rŋ' dxábo+.
cƈe"tƧ násƧ, hĕt+ ;fdţnárg+Ķ
2= t+ a'ź+ ;'ut+ wL/+, ;;źƙ+ ;;fjs+þ.
jlƆŷfg'Ƨl/ŷf r, ±yëfd]ŷf r ljgfos+þĶ
3= ±yë/] r ly/;Lnflb-u')fnŘf/;álet].
;f;g'şáts]þ wL/], k'Ƒs]þ j+;kfns]þĶ
4= lj;'lźb]jb]já o+, b]jfg+ ltb;fno].
kţfo b];oL tƧ, clewƙƧ dfltsĕĶ
5= of tƧf ljk'nŴfo, wƙ;śl)cflblx.
cg]s]þlx ksĕ/]lx, kflńcŪsyflx rĶ
6= cŴá ljlgŞoá r]j, ljeųá ;fu¿kdá.
cgƃgojálsŰá, b'ŋ]ĕufxá otá ttáĶ
7= ;df;]gflewƙŴ+, dfltsĕd'vtálvn+.
`ft'sĕd]lx ;'ź]lx, cƃ]jf;Llx oflrtáĶ
8= ;ŘlŬŷfg gotá, kflńcŪsyfut+.
cŴ+ ljlgŞoť]j, ;df;]g lg/fs'n+Ķ
45
9= ;fdlŴout+ cŴ+, lgsĕoƃ/lgƧ+.
dxfljxf/jf;Lg+, sdfetgofg'u+Ķ
10= bLkoƃá goţ"g+, ;bf ;ƙábsĕl/Ƹg.
dáxljŞ]bƸg gfd, sl/ƧfdŴjŰglƃĶ
uƅf/Ƙsyf lglŪtf.
1= wƙ;ś)Ldfltsĕ
ltskbŴjŰgf
tŴ clewƙƧ dfltsĕlt PŴ s]þgŪ]g clewƙáĠ wƙflt/]swƙlj;];Ū]g. clt/]slj;];ŴbLks]ĕ lx PŴ cle-;Źá
æafŃÜf d] b'ŋĕ j]bgf cleŊþdlƃ, gá klŊþdlƃ ‘;+0lg0 4=87 5=195 1022 d0lg03=384 389’, cleŊþƃjŰfÆltcfbL;'
‘;+0lg0 1=1 v'0kf05=1 ;'0lg0dśn;'ų¶ lj0j0857’ ljo, tƨf oyf ;d'lƧt];' ax";' %ų];' r]j wh];' r o+
clt/]sƍdf)+, lj;];jŰ;Ůfgť %ų+, t+ cltŞų+, oá clt/]sƍdf±)ëf, lj;];jŰ;Ůfgá r wh]ĕ, ;á cltźh]ĕlt r j'ŝlt,
Pjd]j colƕ wƙá wƙflt/]swƙlj;];Ū]g æclewƙáÆlt j'ŝlt. eujtf lx ;'ųƃ+ kŷf
vƈfotgwft';ŝOlƇokŝofsĕ/fboá wƙf Psb];]g ljeųf, g lgƍb];]g, clewƙ+ kŷf kg cg]s]þlx golj;];l] x
lgƍb];táj ljeųf. Pj+ wƙflt/]swƙlj;];Ū]g æclewƙáÆlt j]lbtƑá.
s]þgŪ]g dfltsĕĠ dft';dŪ]g. dftf ljoflt lx dfltsĕ oyf kb'lds+þ d'vlƃ. oyf lx dftf gfgflj±wë k'ų]
k;jlt, t] kfn]lt, ká;]lt r, Pjdolƕ gfgflj±wë wƙ], cŴ] r k;jlt, t] r cljgƧdfg] kfn]lt, ká;]lt r, tƨf
ædfltsĕÆlt j'ŝlt. dflts+þ lx lgƧfo wƙ;ś)Lcflb;ųƍs/)j;]g ljŴfl/odfgf cgƃfkl/df)f wƙf, cŴf r tfo
k;'tf, kflntf, kál;tf ljo r xálƃ. tyf lx wƙ;śl)ƍs/±)ë rtƧá ljelųoá lrųljelų ¿kljelų lgŋ]k/fl;
cŴ'źf/ált tŴ gfgfgo]lx Ps"þggj'ltlrųljefljgL lrųljelų ljŴfl/odfgf cgƃfkl/df)ef)jf/f xált, tbgƃ/+
Psljwflbgf ¿kljefljgL ¿kljelų ljŴfl/odfgf cgƃfkl/df)ef)jf/f xált, tbgƃ/+ d"nvƈƀf/fbLlg lglŋlkŷf
b]l;tá lgŋ]k/fl; ljŴfl/odfgá cgƃfkl/df)ef)jf/á xált, tbgƃ/+ t]lksƧ a'źjrgƧ cŪsyfe"tá cŴ'źf/á
ljŴfl/odfgá cgƃfkl/df)ef)jf/á xált. Pjldb+ wƙ;śl)ƍs/)+ jfrgfdƮtá clt/]st]/;dųef)jf/lƕ ;dfg+
ljŴfl/odfg+ cgƃfkl/df)ef)jf/+ xált.
tyf ljeśƍs/±)ë vƈljeśá
cfotgwft';ŝOlƇokŝofsĕ/;ltkŪfg;ƙƍwfgOlźkfbaáŢśdƮś´fgcƍdţfl;ŋĕkbkl;lƘbf`f)v'ŹsjŴ'wƙxboljeśflt
cŪf/; ljeśf ljeųf, t] ;'ųƃefhgLoclewƙefhgLoflbgfgfgo]lx ljŴfl/odfgf kŝ]s+þ cgƃfkl/df)ef)jf/f xálƃ.
Pjldb+ ljeśƍs/)+ jfrgfdƮtá kťƸt;dųef)jf/lƕ ;dfg+ ljŴfl/odfg+ cgƃfkl/df)ef)jf/+ xált.
tyf wft'syfks/)+ æ;śxá c;śxáÆltcflbgf r'Ź;lj±wëg ljeų+ jfrgfdƮtá clt/]s%ef)jf/dųlƕ ;dfg+
ljŴfl/odfg+ cgƃfkl/df)ef)jf/+ xált.
tyf k'Ʈnkţlųƍs/)+ vƈkţlų cfotgwft';ŝOlƇok'ƮnkţųLlt %lƑ±wëg ljeų+ jfrgfdƮtá
clt/]skťef)jf/dųlƕ ljŴfl/odfg+ cgƃfkl/df)ef)jf/+ xált.
tyf syfjŴ'ƍs/)+ ;sjfb] kť ;'ų;tflg, k/jfb] kť ;'ų;tfgLlt ;'ų;xƧ+ ;dáwfg]ŷf ljeų+
jfrgfdƮtá ;śLltcf/álktgo]g bL#lgsĕoƍdf)lƕ ljŴfl/odfg+ cgƃfkl/df)ef)jf/+ xált.
tyf odsƍs/)+ d"nods+þ vƈfotgwft';ŝ;řf/cg';olrųwƙOlƇoodslƃ b;lj±wëg ljeų+ jfrgfdƮtá
jL;ef)jf/;tlƕ ljŴfl/odfg+ cgƃfkl/df)ef)jf/+ xált.
kŪfgƍs/)+ x]t'kŝocf/ƙ)kŝoflbrt'jL;ltkŝo] ux]ŷf ltskŪfgflbrt'jL;ltlj±wëg ljeų+ kŝ]s+þ
sltkoef)jf/lƕ ljŴfl/odfg+ cgƃfkl/df)ef)jf/+ xált. Pj+ cgƃfkl/df)fg+ wƙfg+, cŴfgť k;jgtá, kfngtá,
ká;gtá r ædftf ljoflt dfltsĕÆlt j'ŝlt. kfngká;gť]Ŵ ;ƙ'Ūfg+, lj/źfgť kflńcŴfg+ dfltsĕg';f/]g ;Ɵŋ]ŷf
;dfgogtá, /ŋ)tá r j]lbtƑ+. ;f kgfo+ kl/Ş]btá wƙ;ś)Ldfltsĕ ljeśdfltsĕ wft'syfdfltsĕ k'Ʈnkţlųdfltsĕ
syfjŴ'dfltsĕ odsdfltsĕ kŪfgdfltsĕlt ;ųƉ+ ks/)fg+ cflblƛ &lktf ;ųljwf xált.
tŴ wƙ;ś)Ldfltsĕ cflb, ;flk ltsdfltsĕ b'sdfltsĕlt b'ljwf. tŴ ƀfjL;lt ltsĕ ltsdfltsĕ gfd.
ƀ]rųfnL;;tb'sĕ b'sdfltsĕ gfd, ;f k'g cfxŝefl;tf ;fjsefl;tflt b'ljwf. tŴ ƀfjL;lt ltsĕ r]j, æx]t" wƙf g
x]t" wƙf»k]0 ;/)f wƙf c/)f wƙfÆlt Od] r ;t+ b'sĕlt co+ cfxŝefl;tf ;ƙf;Ɨ'źb]l;tf ;ųƉ+ ks/)fg+ dfltsĕ
gfd, tbgƃ/f æljşĕeflugá wƙf cljşĕeflugá wƙf»k]0 vo]`f)+ cg'ƍfb]`f)Ælƃ Od] ƀfrųfnL; ;'ųlƃsb'sĕ
46
wƙ;]gfklt;fl/k'ųŴ]/]g &lktųf ;fjsefl;tf gfd. Od] &k]ƃá kg ±yë/á g ;fd'Ŋ+þl;s]þg cųgá `f±)ëg &k]l;,
Ps'ųl/o+ kg Psslgkftb'slgkft;śLlt;'ųb;'ų/;'ų]lx ;dáwfg]ŷf cflewlƙsŴ]/fg+ ;'ųƃ+ kŷf clsndgŴ+ &k]l;.
;f k'g ;ƍb];lgƍb];j;]g ƀ] s]ĕŪf;f xálƃ. PŴ lx gj ltsĕ, Ps;ųlt r b'sĕ ;ƍb];fg+ ;fj;];fg+
gfd¿kfg+ kl/Ʈlxtųf ;ƍb];f gfd, cj;];f t]/; ltsĕ, Ps;ųlt r b'sĕ lgƍb];fg+ lg/j;];fg+ gfd¿kfg+ ulxtųf
lgƍb];f gfd. t];+ ljef±uëf tŴ tŴ]j cflj eljƧlt. tyf gfdnfej;]g lƀwf. ;Ƒ]j lx Pt] ltsb'sĕ cflbkbj;]g,
;Ƒkbj;]g rflt lƀwf gfd+ nelƃ. tŴ æs';nf wƙf, cs';nf wƙf, cƓfstf wƙfÆlt co+ tfj cflbkbj;]g
nźgfdá s';nlųs]ĕ gfd. æ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųf wƙf»k]0 wƙfÆlt co+ ;Ƒkbj;]g nźgfdá j]bgflųs]ĕ gfd. Pj+
;Ƒ];lƕ ltsb'sĕg+ gfd+ j]lbtƑ+.
;f kg];f kťb;lx kl/Ş]b]lx jjlŴtf. ltsĕg+ lx Ps]ĕ kl/Ş]bá, b'sĕg+ r'Ź; æx]t" wƙf gx]t"
wƙfÆltcfboá lx % b'sĕ uƅtá r cŴtá r cţdţ;Ɨƈ]g slŰsĕ ljo, #f ljo r x'ŷf l&tųf æx]t'±uëfŞs]ĕÆlt
j'ŝlt. ttá ck/] æ;ƍŝof wƙfÆltcfboá ;ų b'sĕ cţdţ+ c;Ɨƈf s]þjn+ b's;fdţ]g plŝlgŷf ±uëfŞsƃ/] &lktųf,
cţ]lx r cƃ/b's]þlx r"ńsųf ær"ńƃ/b'sĕÆlt j]lbtƑf. ttá k/+ cf;jb'sĕbLg+ %Ɖ+ b'sĕg+ j;]g cf;j±uëfŞs]ĕ gfd.
ttá ;+oáhgb'sĕbLg+ %Ɖ+ j;]g ;+oáhg±uëfŞs]ĕ gfd. tyf uƅcá#oáugLj/)b'sĕbLg+ %Ɖ+ %Ɖ+ j;]g
uƅcá#oáugLj/)±uëfŞsĕ gfd. k/fdf;b'sĕbLg+ kťƉ+ j;]g k/fdf;±uëfŞs]ĕ gfd. ttá k/+ ;f/ƙ)b'sĕboá rt'Ź; b'sĕ
dxƃ/b'sĕ gfd. ttá k/+ pkfbfgb'sĕboá % b'sĕ pkfbfg±uëfŞs]ĕ gfd. ttá lsn];b'sĕboá cŪb'sĕ lsn];±uëfŞs]ĕ gfd.
ttá k/+ bƧg]gkxftƑb'sĕboá cŪf/; b'sĕ clewƙdfltsĕo kl/oá;fg] &lktųf lklŪb'sĕ gfd. ljşĕefluob'sĕboá kg
ƀfrųfnL; b'sĕ ;'ųlƃsb'sĕ gfd. Pjd]ltƧf kťb;lx kl/Ş]b]lx jjlŴtfo tfj co+ cŴjŰgf eljƧlt.
s';nlųsjŰgf
oƨf kg]Ŵ ltsdfltsĕ cflb, tŴflk s';nlųs]ĕ cflb, tƨf s';nlųsƧ tfj _
cŴtá e"lde]bf r, kŝ]s+þ ;ƕoáutá.
pŹ];tá r wƙfg+, nŋ)flbljefutáĶ
;śxf ;'ţtá r]j, lj;oflbƍe]btá.
oyfg'¿k+ ;ƑŴ, j]lbtƑá ljlgŞoáĶ
tŴ cŴtá tfj s';nf wƙflt PŴ s';n;Źá cf/áŕfgjş%]s;'vljkfs]þ;' lbƧlt. co+ lx æslŝ g' eátá
s';n+, slŝ eátá cgfdoÆlƃcfbL;' ‘hĕ01=15=246 2=20=129’ cf/áŕ] lbƧlt. æstdá kg, eƃ], sĕo;dfrf/á
s';ná oá ±vëf, dxf/fh, sĕo;dfrf/á cgjşáÆltcfbL;' ‘d0lg02=361’ cgjş]. æs';ná ŷ+ /yƧ
cśkŝśfgÆlƃcfbL;' ‘d0lg02=87’ %]s]þ. æs';nƧ sƙƧ stųf pklrtųfÆltcfbL;' ‘w0;0431’ ;'vljkfs]þ. Ʃfoldw
cf/áŕ]lk cgjş]lk ;'vljkfs]þlk jųlt. o±yëj lx ¿ksĕo] lgƓflwtfo cf/áŕŪ]g s';n+ j'ų+, Pj+ c¿kwƙ]lk
lsn];Ɠflwgá cefj]g cf/áŕŪ]g s';n+ j]lbtƑ+. lsn];jşƧ kg cefjf cgjşŪ]g s';n+.
wƙ-;Źá kgfo+ kl/olųx]t'u')lgƧųlgşËjtfbL;' lbƧlt. co+ lx æwƙ+ kl/ofk')flt ;'ų+ ±uëƜÆlƃcfbL;'
‘c0lg0 4=102’ kl/olųo+ lbƧlt. æx]t'lƛ `f)+ wƙkl;lƘbfÆltcfbL;' ‘lje0720’ x]t'lƛ. æg lx wƙá cwƙá
r, peá ;dljkflsgáÆltcfbL;' ‘±yë/uf0304’ u'±)ë. æwƙ];' wƙfg'kƧL ljx/tLÆltcfbL;' ‘bL0lg02=373’
lgƧųlgşËjtfo+, Ʃfoldwflk lgƧųlgşËjtfod]j jũlt.
jrgŴá kg]Ŵ _ s'lŞt] kfkwƙ] ;nolƃ rnolƃ sƕ]lƃ ljź+;]ƃLlt s';nf. s'lŞt]g jf cfsĕ/]g ;oƃLlt s';f,
t] s';] n'glƃ l%ƆƃLlt s';nf. s'lŞtfg+ jf ;fgtá tg's/)tá `f)+ s';+ gfd, t]g s';]g nftƑf kl/jų]tƑflt s';nf.
cy jf s]ĕ;Ɵ+ j'ŝlt kţf, ttá s]ĕ;Ɵtá ;Ƙ"tųf s';nf. Ob+ kg cgƃ/] j'ųťflt lgƑrgƀo+ lsťflk lgƍl/ofotá
`f);ƕo'ųfgd]j o'şlt, ?ŃÜLj;]g kg t+;lb;tfo `f)ljƍo'ųfgƕLlt ux]tƑ+. oyf jf s';f peoefuut+ xŴƍb];+
n'glƃ, Pjldd]lk pƍƉfg'ƍƉefj]g peoefuut+ ;+lsn];kŋ+ n'glƃ, tƨf s';f ljo n'gƃLlt s';nf. cųgá kg ;efj+
wf/]ƃLlt wƙf, wf/Lolƃ jf kŝo]lx, wf/Lolƃ jf oyf;efjtá cfwf/LoƃLltlk wƙf. g s';nf cs';nf, ldųklkŋĕ
cldųf ljo s';nklkŋĕlt cŴá. g Ɠfstflt cƓfstf, s';nfs';nefj]g cslytflt cŴá. t];' cgjş;'vljkfsnŋ)f
s';nf, ;fjşb'ŋljkfsnŋ)f cs';nf, cljkfsnŋ)f cƓfstf.
Ƹs kg]tflg s';nflt jf wƙflt jfltcfbLlg PsŴflg, pbfx' gfgŴfgLltĠ lsť]Ŵ olb tfj PsŴflg, æs';nf
wƙfÆlt Ob+ æs';nf s';nfÆlt j'ų;lb;+ xált. cy gfgŴflg, ltsb'sĕg+ %Ŋþrt'Ŋþefjá cfkşlt, kbfgť c;Ɨƈá
æs';nf ¿k+ rŋ'dfÆltcfbLg+ ljo. cyflk olb Ptflg PsŴflg, s';nfs';nfƓfstkbfg+ ltŰlƕ wƙfg+ wƙ;efj]g Psųf
s';nfbLglƕ Psų+ cfkşlt. cy æs';nkbtá cs';nflbkbƧ cţų+ l;ofÆlt jby, g Ptflg PsŴflg. tbf wƙá
gfd efjá. efjtá r cţá cefjált. Pj+ cţáţfk]ŋĕo cefjųdfkƉ]lx wƙ]lx cgţ] s';nfboálk cefjf Pj l;o'lƃĠ
;Ƒd]t+ csĕ/)+, sƨfĠ oyfg'dltjáxf/l;lźtá, g lx æs';nf wƙfÆltcfbLlg kbflg oyf s';nf s';nflt, Pj+
cŴlj;];fefj]g klůt]lx cg'dtflg, gflk s';nf ¿k+ rŋ'df-;Źf ljo cţdţ+ cgánálstŴefj]g, cy ±vëf
cgjşOŪljkfsųflb;řftƧ cŴlj;];Ƨ, ;efj;fwf/)flbcŴ;fdţƧ r h]ĕtsų]g oyfŊþd+ cg'dtflg. s';n-;Źá lx
wƙ-;ŹƧ k'/tá j'ŝdfgá s';nfs';nflb;Ƒ;fwf/);fdţŴbLks+þ wƙ-;Ź+ cs';nflbtá lgjų]ŷf cųgá cųgá
cŴlj;];ljl;ŪŴbLks+þ s/ált. Pj+ kŝ]s+þ leƉlj;ofglƕ g];+ lj;];glj;]l;tƑefj]g kjlųo+ PsŴtfo klůtfg'dttfo
47
oyfj'ųbá;f/ákg] sĕ/)+ j'ų+, ;Ƒd]t+ csĕ/)+. Pj+ ttá k/];'lk ;ƑŴ oyfg'¿ktá `ftƑ+. co+ tfj kbŴtá
ljlgŞoá.
s';nkbŴá
e"lde]bflt t];' s';nfs';nfƓfst];' wƙ];' s';nf tfj wƙf e"lde]btá rt'lƑwf xálƃ _ sĕdfjr/f ¿kfjr/f
c¿kfjr/f nás'ų/flt. co+ e"lde]btá ljlgŞoá.
;ƕoáutált Pj+ e"lde]btá rt'lƑwfglƕ g];+ kŝ]s+þ ;ƕoáutá ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá. tŴ sĕdfjr/f tfj
;ƕoáutá cŪljwf xálƃ. ;]Ɯlyb+Ġ ;ádgƧ;xut+ `f);ƕo'ų+ c;řf/+, tyf ;;řf/+. pk]ŋĕ;xut+ `f);ƕo'ų+
c;řf/+, tyf ;;řf/+. ;ádgƧ;xut+ `f)ljƍo'ų+ c;řf/+, tyf ;;řf/+. pk]ŋĕ;xut+ `f)ljƍo'ų+ c;řf/+, tyf
;;řf/lƃ. tŴ OŪf/ƙ)tf, ;źfafx'Ɵtf, lj;'źlblŪtf, cflg;+;bƧfljtf r Psĕb; kLlt;ƗáŢśsĕ/)flg rflt Od]lx
tfj sĕ/±)ëlx ;ádgƧ;xutefjá j]lbtƑá. `f);ƕƸų kg kŴ]ŷf stsƙtá, Ɣƪflbpkklųtá, kţfb;sj;]g
OlƇokl/kfstá, ljŋƘg]g lsn];b"l/efjtá r ;ųljwwƙljro;ƗáŢśsĕ/)tá r `f);ƕo'ųtf j]lbtƑf. cųgá jf
k/];+ jf j;]g kjųá k'Ƒkoá±uëf ;řf/á gfd.
t]g pƍƉ+ ;;řf/+, tbefjf c;řf/ť j]lbtƑ+. Pt];' lx oyfj'ų;ádgƧ`f)x]t'+ cfuƙ kxŪá æclŴ
lbƉÆlƃ cflbgoƍjų+ ;ƙflbƸŪ k'/ŋŷf c;+;Lbƃá, k/]lx r cg'Ƨflxtá bfgfbLlg k'ţflg s/ált, tbfƧ ;ádgƧ;xut+
`f);ƕo'ų+ k&d+ s';n+ pƍşlt. obf kg j'ųgo]g xŪt'Ūá ;ƙflbƸŪ k'/ŋŷf cd'ųrflutflbj;]g ;+;Lbdfgá, cųgá
kl;řf/]g jf k/]lx jf pƧflxtá s/ált, tbfƧ tb]j ;;řf/+ b'lto+ s';n+ xált. obf kg `flthgflbklklųbƧg]g
hĕtkl/rof afnbf/sĕboá leŋ'cflbbƧg]g ;ádgƧhĕtf ;x;f bfgjƆgfbLlg s/álƃ, tbf `f)ljƍo'ų+ tlto+ s';n+
pƍşlt. obf kg `fltcfbLlx pƧflxtf Pj+ klkşlƃ, tbf tb]j rt'Ŵ+ ;;řf/lrų+ xált. obf kg ;ádgƧx]t'gá
cefj]g lj;'+ rt";'lk ljsƍ];' ;ádgƧ/lxtf xálƃ, tbf ;];flg rųfl/ pk]ŋĕ;xutflg s';nflg pƍşlƃ. Pj+ kŝ]s+þ
;ƕoáutá ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá.
pŹ];tá r wƙfglƃ Pj+ ;ƕoáutá cŪlj±wë;' s';n];' kŝ]s+þ wƙfg+ pŹ];tálk ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá. tŴ
k&ds';n] tfj kflńof ;¿k]g cfutf Ƹt; wƙf, o]jfkgsĕ gjflt Ps"þgrųfnL; wƙf xálƃ. ;]Ɯlyb+ _ mþƧá j]bgf
;ţf r]tgf lrų+ ljtŊþá ljrf/á kLlt jLl/o+ lrų]sƮtf hËljt+ ;źf ;lt lx/L cáųƍ+ cnáeá cbá;á cdáxá sĕokƧlź
lrųkƧlź sĕonx'tf lrųnx'tf sĕod'b'tf lrųd'b'tf sĕosƙţtf lrųsƙţtf sĕokfu'ţtf lrųkfu'ţtf sĕo'h'stf
lrų'h'stflt Od] ;¿k]g cfutf Ƹt;wƙf. %Ɔá clwdáŋ]ĕ dgl;sĕ/á tŶdŢųtf s?)f d'lbtf sĕob'ŝl/tlj/lt
jrLb'ŝl/tlj/lt ldŞfhËjlj/tLlt Od] o]jfkgsĕ gjflt.
kbefhgLo] kg _
æoƸƨ ;do] sĕdfjr/+ s';n+ lrų+ pƍƉ+ xált»k]0 tƸƨ ;do] mþƧá xált, j]bgf»k]0 ;ţf
r]tgf lrų+ ljtŊþá ljrf/á kLlt ;'v+ lrųƧ]sƮtf ;lźlƇo+ jLl/lolƇo+ ;ltlƇo+ ;dflwlƇo+ klţlƇo+ dlglƇo+
;ádglƧlƇo+ hËljltlƇo+ ;ƙflblŪ ;ƙf;Řƍá ;ƙfjfofdá ;ƙf;lt ;ƙf;dflw ;źfan+ jLl/oan+ ;ltan+
;dflwan+ kţfan+ lxl/an+ cáųƍan+ cnáeá cbá;á cdáxá cgleŢĕ cƓfkfbá ;ƙflblŪ lx/L cáųƍ+ sĕokƧlź
lrųkƧlź sĕonx'tf lrųnx'tf sĕod'b'tf lrųd'b'tf sĕosƙţtf lrųsƙţtf sĕokfu'ţtf lrųkfu'ţtf sĕo'hs' tf
lrų'h'stf ;lt ;ƕhţ+ ;d±yëf ljkƧgf kƮfxá cljŋ]ká xátLÆlt ‘w0;01’ _
Pj+ ;¿ktá plŹŪf %kţf; wƙf æo] jf kg tƸƨ ;do] cţ]lk clŴ klŝ;d'ƍƉf c¿lkgá wƙfÆlt ‘w0;01’ Pj+
o]jfkgsj;]g ;fdţtá plŹŪf, cŪsyfo+ rƧf t];' t];' ;'ųƍb];];' cfut] ux]ŷf ;¿ktá lglŹŪf %Ɔfboá gjflt kť;lŪ
wƙf cfutf. oƨf kg t];' ;¿k]g cfutf ´fgśOlƇodƮśand"nfbLg+ j;]g PsƧ]j ax'lsŝtfbƧgŴ+ k'gƍ'g+ ux]ŷf
kl/ofo]g %kţf;lj±wëg b]l;tflk culxtƮx±)ëg oyfj'ųf ;dƸt;]j wƙf xálƃ, t] kg ;ljelųsĕ cljelųsĕlt b'ljwf.
tŴ mþƧfboá cŪf/; Pssųf cljelųsĕ. j]bgfboá ƀfb; wƙf cŪƸt;ƍe]b]g oyfoáu+ ljeųųf ;ljelųsĕ, o]jfkgsĕ
kg cljelųsĕ Pj. tƨf t] ;Ƒ]lk lgƍl/ofo]g Ps"þgrųfnL; wƙfj xálƃ. xálƃ r]Ŵ _
mþƧflbkťs+þ kť´fgśflglƇoŪs+þ.
dƮśkťs+þ ;ųan+ d"nlųslƕ rĶ
sƙkylųsť]j náskfnb's+þ tyf.
kƧlźcfbL % b'sĕ, tLl) lklŪb'sĕlgltĶ
;ų/;lx /f;Llx, %kţf;]j kflńo+.
j'ųf ;efjtá Ƹt;, wƙf culxtƮx]Ķ
mþƧá hËljt;ţf r, r]tgf rf/kLltoá.
% b'sĕ sĕokƧlź-kd'vfŪf/;]ssĕĶ
lrų+ ljtŊþá ;źf r, lxl/cáųlƍolƕ r.
cnáeá r cbá;á r, ;ų lƀwf ljefljtfĶ
j]bgf ltljwf jLl/o+, ;lt r rt'wf dtf.
48
%źf PsƮtf kţf, ;ųwfj ljefljtfĶ
lj/tL cƍdţfoá, dgŊĕ/á %ƆdŢųf.
lwdáŋ]ĕ o]jfkgsĕ, gj]t] k&d] dg]Ķ
kť;lŪlj±wëg]j, kl/ofo]g b]l;tf.
gjflwsĕ r t]Ƹų;, wƙfj k/dŴtáltĶ
PŴ r ;¿k]g cfutf Ƹt; wƙf, o]jfkgs]þ;' rųf/á rflt rt'Ƹų; wƙf Psŋ±)ë lgotf nưlƃ, ;];f kg
s?)fboá kť s?)fk'Ƒefud'lbtfk'Ƒefuj;]g, sĕob'ŝl/tjrLb'ŝl/tldŞfhËj]lx lj/d)j;]g r lrųƧ kjlųsĕn];' Pj
pƍlşŷf cţyfg'ƍşgtá clgotf. t] r oƨf b'lŋt;'lvt;ųj;]g, sĕob'ŝl/tflbųoj;]g r kŝ]s+þ leƉlj;oųf Pstá g
pƍşlƃ, tƨf s?)fk'Ƒefuflbj;]g kjų];' kť;' lrųŋ±)ë;' lgotf rt'Ƹų;, s?)fbL;' Pslƃ kťƸt; wƙf pƍşlƃ,
s]þjn+ kg bfgflbj;]g kjlųo+ lgotf rt'Ƹų;]j pƍşƃLlt j]lbtƑ+. co+ wƙ'Ź];tá ljlgŞoá.
nŋ)flbljefutált Pj+ plŹŪfg+ wƙfg+ nŋ)/;flbtá ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá. m'þ;tLlt mþƧá. Ʃfo+ m'þ;gnŋ±)ëf,
;Ŝũg/;á, ;lƉkftkŝ'kŪfgá, cfkfyutlj;okbŪfgá. co+ lx c¿kwƙálk ;dfgá cf/ƙ±)ë m'þ;gfsĕ/]g kjųtLlt
m'þ;gnŋ±)ëf, ;f rƧ m'þ;gfsĕ/ƍjlų clƗnflbbƧg] ±vëń'ƍfbflbgf `ftƑf. Psb];]g kg cgƟLodfgálk ¿k+ ljo rŋ'+,
;Źá ljo r ;át+ lrųdf/ƙ)ť ;Ŝũ]tLlt ;Ŝũg/;á. lts;lƉkft;řftƧ kg cųgá sĕ/)Ƨ j;]g kj]lbtųf
;lƉkftkŝ'kŪfgá, mþnŪ]g kŝ'kŪfg]g kg]; j]bgfkŝ'kŪfgá gfd xált. tşĕ;dƉfxf/]g r]j OlƇo]g r kl/ŋt]
lj;o] cgƃ/fo]g pƍşgtá cfkfyutlj;okbŪfgált j'ŝlt. j]bgflwŪfgefjtá kg]; lgŝƙf ufjL ljo bŪƑá.
nŋ)fbL;' r t];+ t];+ wƙfg+ ;efjá jf ;fdţ+ jf nŋ)+ gfd, lsŝ+ jf ;ƕlų jf /;á gfd, pkŪfgfsĕ/á jf mþn+ jf
kŝ'kŪfg+ gfd, cf;Ɖsĕ/)+ kbŪfg+ gfd. Pj+ pkl/lk ;ƑŴ nŋ)fbLg+ gfgų+ j]lbtƑ+.
j]botLlt j]bgf, ;f j]blotnŋ)f, ;efje]btá kg];f kťljwf xált _ ;'v+ b'ŋ+ ;ádgƧ+ bádgƧ+ pk]ŋĕlt.
tŴ OŪmþáŪƑfg'ejgnŋ)+ ;'v+, ;ƕo'ųfg+ pkƔ"xg/;+, sĕloscƧfbkŝ'kŪfg+, sĕlolƇokbŪfg+. clgŪmþáŪƑfg'ejgnŋ)+
b'ŋ+, ;ƕo'ųfg+ ldnfkg/;+, sĕlosĕafwkŝ'kŪfg+, sĕlolƇokbŪfg+. OŪf/ƙ)fg'ejgnŋ)+ ;ádgƧ+, oyf tyf jf
OŪfsĕ/;Ƙáu/;+, ;ƕo'ųfg+ pkƔ"xg/;+ jf, r]tl;scƧfbkŝ'kŪfg+, OŪfsĕ/bƧgkbŪfg+. clgŪf/ƙ)fg'ejgnŋ)+
bádgƧ+, oyf tyf jf clgŪfsĕ/;Ƙáu/;+, ;ƕo'ųfg+ ldnfkg/;+ jf, r]tl;sĕafwkŝ'kŪfg+, Psƃ]g xbojŴ'kbŪfg+.
dŢųj]blotnŋ)f pk]ŋĕ, ;ƕo'ųfg+ gfltpkƔ"xgldnfkg/;f, ;ƃefjkŝ'kŪfgf, lgƍLltslrųkbŪfgf. PŴ r ;'v+,
b'ŋť PsƃdƓfst+, bádgƧd]sƃds';n+, ;ádgƧ'k]ŋĕ kg l;of s';nf, l;of cs';nf, l;of cƓfstf. Ow kg s';nf
;ádgƧj]bgf clwƍ]tf.
gLnflbe]b+ cf/ƙ)+ ;ŧfgftLlt ;ţf. ;f ;ŧfggnŋ)f, kŝfleţf)/;f, k'g;ŧfggkŝolgldųs/)/;f jf
bf?cfbL;' tŞsĕboá ljo, oyfulxtlgldųj;]g clelgj];s/)kŝ'kŪfgf xlŴbƧscƈf ljo, cf/ƙ±)ë cgáufŃÜj'lųtfo
clr/Ūfgkŝ'kŪfgf jf ljş' ljo, oyfpklŪtlj;okbŪfgf lt)k'l/;];' ldukátsĕg+ k'l/;flt pƍƉ;ţf ljo.
r]t]tLlt r]tgf, ;Ƹź cųgf ;ƕo'ųwƙ] cf/ƙ±)ë cle;ƆxtLlt cŴá. ;f r]tgfefjnŋ)f, cfo"xg/;f, ;f
r s';nfs';n];' Pj xált. Ot/];' kg t+;lb;tfo ;+ljbxgkŝ'kŪfgf ;lsŝk/lsŝ;fwsĕ h]Ūl;ƧdxfjŬlscfboá
ljo. cŝflossƙfg'Ƨ/)fbL;' kgfo+ ;ƕo'ų];' pƧfxgefj]g kjųdfgf kfsf xált.
cf/ƙ)+ lrƃ]tLlt lrų+, ljţf)+. ljŴf/tá kgƧ jrgŴá lrųb's]þ cflj eljƧlt. tb]t+ ljhĕggnŋ)+ lrų+,
k'Ƒśd/;+, lg/ƃ/ƍjlųtá ;ƈfgkŝ'kŪfg+, gfd¿kkbŪfg+.
ljtŊ]þlt öx]lt, ljtŊþgdųd]j jf ;ált ljtŊþá. Ʃfodf/ƙ±)ë lrųƧ cle/ákgnŋ±)ëf,
cfxggkl/ofxgg/;á, cf/ƙ±)ë lrųƧ cfgogkŝ'kŪfgá.
cf/ƙ±)ë t]g lrų+ ljr/lt, ljr/)dųd]j jf ;ált ljrf/á. Ʃfodf/ƙ)fg'dşgnŋ±)ëf, tŴ
;xhĕtfg'oáhg/;á, lrųƧ cg'ƍaƈgkŝ'kŪfgá. clelg/ákgfg'dşgj;]g kg];+ oyfŊþd+ cáńfl/s;'v'dtfo #ŭfle#ftá
ljo r]t;á k&dflelgkftá ljtŊþá, #ŭfg'/já ljo cg'ƍaƈá ljrf/á. ljƎþf/jf r]Ŵ ljtŊþá cfsĕ;] pƍltt'sĕdklŋgá
kŋljŋ]ká ljo, ;ƃj'lų ljrf/á cfsĕ;] pƍlttƧ klŋgá kŋk;f/)+ ljo. ;á kg g];+ lj;];á k&db'ltoŢĕg];'
kfsá xált. peálk kg]t] ;ƕo'ųwƙkbŪfgf.
lk)otLlt kLlt. ;f ;lƕofognŋ)f, sĕolrųkL)g/;f, mþ/)/;f jf, cábŕkŝ'kŪfgf,
;ádgƧ;xutlrųkbŪfgf.
jL/fg+ efjá, sƙ+ jf jLl/o+, ljlj±wëg jf pkfo]g ó/lotƑ+ kjųlotƑlƃ jLl/o+. tť pƧfxnŋ)+,
;xhĕtfg+ pkŴƘg/;+, c;+;Lbgefjkŝ'kŪfg+, æ;+lj±Ʈëf oálg;á kbxtLÆlt ‘c0lg0 4=113’ jrgtá ;+j]ukbŪfg+,
jLl/of/ƘjŴ'kbŪfg+ jf. Ob+ kg s';nkŋ] kbŪfg+, cs';nflbkŋ] kg ;fwf/)j;]g oyf tyf jf
b'ŋljgábgsĕdtfkbŪfg+, ;ƕo'ųwƙkbŪfg+ jf. t+ ;df/ź+ ;Ƒf;+ ;ƕųLg+ d"n+ xátLlt bŪƑ+.
Ps]ĕ c±Ʈëf lj;oá cƧflt PsƮ+, lrų+, tƧ efjá PsƮtf, lrųƧ PsƮtf lrų]sƮtf, ;dflwƧ]t+ gfd+. ;f
clj;f/)nŋ)f, ;xhĕtfg+ ;lƕůg/;f gxfgLor'Űfg+ pbs+þ ljo, pk;dkŝ'kŪfgf, `f)kŝ'kŪfgf jf, ;'vkbŪfgf,
cs';nflb;fwf/)j;]g kg]Ŵflk kŝ'kŪfgkbŪfgflg j'ųgo]g oáh]ŷf `ftƑflg. lgjft] bLkŝLg+ l&lt ljo r]t;á l&tLlt
bŪƑf.
PŴ r lsťflk cf/ƙ)+ lelƆŷf cg'klj;ƃf ljo s';nkŋ] rųf/á wƙf cf/ƙ)+ cáufxlƃ ;źf ;lt PsƮtf
kţflt, t]g]j ;źf æcásƍgfÆlt j'ųf, ;lt r æclknfkgfÆlt, PsƮtf æcjlŪtLÆlt, kţf ækl/oáufxgfÆlt r
49
j'ųf. cs';nkŋ] r toá tŲf lblŪ cljşĕlt. t]g t] Pj æcá#fÆlt j'ųf. tyflk g];+ nŋ)flbtá gfgųlƕ l;źd]j.
cs';nkŋ] kg PsƮtf pźŝ;dfutųf æcáufxgfÆlt g j'ųf. cs';nwƙf lx Pslj;o] ;lƕůglsŝ]g ;dflwgf o'ųflk
pbsl;ų/h'Ūfg+ ljo tř)ţ]j ljls/);efjf xálƃ. t]g]j x]Ŵ pkrf/ƍgfƍlų g xált, s';nwƙf kg oƨf pbs+þ
cfl;lťŷf cfl;lťŷf cfs]ĕgdşgfbLlg sŷf pklnųŪfg+ ljo ;snlƕ lbj;+ lgŝnkjųg;dŴflt pkrf/ƍgfƍųflk xált,
tƨf tŴ cáufxgflt j'ųflt ux]tƑ+.
hËjlƃ t]g, hËjgdų+ jf tlƃ hËljt+, t+ ;xhĕtfg'kfngnŋ)+, t];+ kjųg/;+, t];ţ]j &kgkŝ'kŪfg+,
ofklotƑwƙkbŪfg+. cųgá l&ltŋ±)ë Pj r]t+ t] wƙ] cg'kfn]lt pbs+þ ljo pƍnfbLlg, g eśŋ±)ë. ;o+ leşdfgųf
;o+ kjlųtwƙ;Ɨƈ]g]j kjųlt lgofds]ĕ ljoflt bŪƑ+.
;Źxlƃ Ptfo, ;o+ jf ;Źxlt, ;Źxgdų+ jf P;flt ;źf. ;f ;Źxgnŋ)f, cásƍgnŋ)f jf,
k;fbg/;f pbsƍ;fbsdl) ljo, kŋƆg/;f jf cá#'ųf/sjL/k'l/;á ljo, csĕn'l;okŝ'kŪfgf, clwd'lųkŝ'kŪfgf jf,
;ź]ƜjŴ'kbŪfgf, ;źƙ;jgflb;átfklųośkbŪfgf jf, xŴljųaLhĕlg ljo bŪƑf.
;/lƃ tfo, ;o+ jf ;/lt, ;/)dųd]j jf P;flt ;lt. ;f clknfkgnŋ)f, c;ƙá;g/;f,
cf/ŋkŝ'kŪfgf, lj;ofled'vefjkŝ'kŪfgf jf, ly/;ţfkbŪfgf, sĕoflb;ltkŪfgkbŪfgf jf. cf/ƙ±)ë bŃÜkltlŪtųf
kg Pl;sĕ ljo, rŋ'ƀf/flb/ŋ)tá bájfl/s]ĕ ljo r bŪƑf.
sĕob'ŝl/tfbLlx lx/LotLlt lx/L, nşĕo]t+ clwjrg+. t]lxo]j cáųƍtLlt cáųƍ+, kfktá pƑ]uƧ]t+
clwjrg+. tŴ kfktá lhu'Şgnŋ)f lx/L, pųf;nŋ)+ cáųƍ+. nşgfsĕ/]g kfksĕg+ cs/)/;f lx/L, pųf;fsĕ/]g
cáųƍ+. c;'lrdlŋtƧ, clƮ;ƃųƧ r coáu'ńƧ ux]t'+ clj;xg+ ljo Pt];+ oyfŊþd+ lhu'Şg;ƃf;fsĕ/]lx kfkfs/)+
j]lbtƑ+. j'ųfsĕ/]g]j r kfktá ;+s]ĕrgkŝ'kŪfgflg Ptflg, cųk/uf/jkbŪfgflg s'njw"j]l;of efjá ljo,
náskfnsĕlg rflt bŪƑflg. pleƉlƕ kg];+ ;d'Ūfg+ clwklt ;efjá nŋ±)ëg rflt dflts+þ &k]ŷf oyfŊþd+
cŢųalxźf;d'Ūfgtf, cųnásĕlwklttf, nşĕeo;efj;lŮttf, ;ƍltƧjjşeobƧfljtfnŋ)tf r cŪ;flnlgo+ ‘w0
;0cŪ01an/fl;jŰgf’ ljŴf/tá ljeųf, clŴs]þlx t+ tŴ]j ux]tƑ+.
g n'ưlt Pt]g, ;o+ jf g n'ưlt, cn'ưgdųd]j jf tlƃ cnáeá. cbá;fdáx];'lk P;]j goá. t];' cnáeá
cf/ƙ±)ë lrųƧ c±uëwnŋ±)ëf, cnƮefjnŋ±)ëf jf sdnbn] hnlaƆ' ljo, ckl/Ʈx/;á d'ųleŋ' ljo, cgƟLgefjkŝ'kŪfgá
c;'lrlƛ klttk'l/;á ljo.
cbá;á crlůŊþnŋ±)ëf, clj/áwnŋ±)ëf jf cg's"þnldųá ljo, cf#ftljgog/;á, kl/ńfxljgog/;á jf rƆg+
ljo, ;áƙefjkŝ'kŪfgá k'ŰrƆá ljo.
cdáxá oyf;efjƍlj]wnŋ±)ëf, cŋlntƍlj]wnŋ±)ëf jf s';lnƧf;lŋųp;'ƍlj]±wëf ljo, lj;oáef;g/;á
cg'źá kbLká ljo, c;ƙáxkŝ'kŪfgá c/ţut;'b];s]ĕ ljo. toálk r]t] ;Ƒs';nfg+ d"ne"tflt bŪƑf.
clkr cnáeá r]Ŵ bfgx]t', cbá;á ;Lnx]t', cdáxá efjgfx]t'. tLlxlk r]t]lx oyfklkflof g]ŋƙ;ţf
cƓfkfb;ţf cljƸx;f;ţf xálƃ, tyf clwsögljk/LtƮx)fg+ cefjá, tyf lkoljƍoáuclƍo;ƕoáuOlŞtfnfeb'ŋĕg+,
hĕlth/fd/)b'ŋĕg+, k]tlg/olt/Şfgultb'ŋĕgť cefjá, tyf eáuldųcų;ƕlųkŝoefjá, tyf
sĕd;'vkl/ŝfucųlsndykl/ŝfudlŢdklkųLg+ ;Ƙjá, tyf c;'ecƍdf)wft';ţfg+, clgŝb'ŋcgų;ţfg+,
lbƑƔƪcl/oljxf/fgť ;Ƙjá xátLlt PjdfbLlx go]lx t];+ ljŴf/á j]lbtƑá.
PŴ r cdáxá gfd kţf, ;f khĕggnŋ)f. ljţf)+ ljhĕggnŋ)+. ;ţf ;ŧfggnŋ)f. Ƹs kg]tf;+
;ţfljţf)kţfg+ gfgųlƃĠ ;ŧfggljhĕggkhĕggd]j. Ptf;+ lx ;dfg]lk hĕggefj] ;ţfo ægLn+ kLtÆlƃcflbgf k'g
;ţ'ƍfbsdų]g cfsĕ/]g ;ŧfggdųd]j xált, chĕta'lźbf/sƧ ljo lrųjũflbefjdųfsĕ/]g sxfk)flbbƧg+, g ttá
pź+. ljţf)Ƨ kg oyfj'ų]g r ttá ljl;Ū]g r clgŝflbgf cfsĕ/]g hĕgg+ xált, ufldsk'l/;Ƨ ljo oyfj'ų]g r]j
pkeáuf/xtflbgf r cfsĕ/]g sxfk)flbbƧg+, g ttá pź+. kţfo kg t]lx r oyfj'ų]lx gfgƍsĕ/]lx r
dƮkft'efjflbx]t"lx ;Ƒ]lx cfsĕ/]lx khĕgg+ xált, x]/lţsƧ ljo oyfj'ų]lx r]j %]ss"þcź;f/flb;Ƒ]lx cfsĕ/]lx r
sxfk)flbbƧg+. kţfo lx chĕlgtƑ+ gfd glŴ. Pj+ ;ŧfggljhĕggkhĕggfsĕ/]lx Ptf;+ gfgų+ j]lbtƑ+. PŴ r
rŋ'ljţf)fbLlg ljtŊþjLl/oflb;xhĕtkŝolj/xtá ¿kfbL;' ;ţflsŝtá clwsljhĕgglsŝ+ sĕt'+ g ;Ŋþálƃ, ankl/)fosĕlg
ljo ;]gśflg kţfg'jųsĕg]j xáƃLlt j]lbtƑflg. t]gfx eujf ækťlx ljţf±)ëlx g slť wƙ+ klljhĕgflt cţŶ
clelgkftdųfÆltcflb ‘lje0766’.
sĕokƧƘg+ sĕokƧlź. lrųkƧƘg+ lrųkƧlź. sĕoált kg]Ŵ j]bgfboá toá vƈf. peálk kg]tf
sĕolrųb/yj"k;dnŋ)f, sĕolrųb/ylgƙŹg/;f, sĕolrųfg+ ckl/ƎþƆ;Lltefjkŝ'kŪfgf, sĕolrųkbŪfgf. sĕolrųfgť
cj"k;ds/pźŝflblsn];klkŋe"tflt bŪƑf.
sĕonx'efjá sĕonx'tf. lrųnx'efjá lrųnx'tf. Pj+ pkl/lk kbŴá bŪƑá. sĕolrųfg+
u?efjj"k;dnŋ)f sĕonx'tf, lrųnx'tf r, t];+ u?efjlgƙŹg/;f, t];+ cbƈtfkŝ'kŪfgf, t];+
u?efjs/lygldźflblsn];klkŋe"tflt bŪƑf.
sĕolrųfg+ yźefjj"k;dnŋ)f sĕod'b'tf, lrųd'b'tf r, t];+ yźefjlgƙŹg/;f, cƍl#ftkŝ'kŪfgf,
sĕolrųkbŪfgf, t];+ yźefjs/lblŪdfgflblsn];klkŋe"tflt bŪƑf.
sĕolrųfg+ csƙţefjj"k;dnŋ)f sĕosƙţtf, lrųsƙţtf r, t];+ csƙţefjlgƙŹg/;f, sĕolrųfg+
cf/ƙ)s/);ƕlųkŝ'kŪfgf, t];+ csƙţefjs/fj;];gLj/)klkŋe"tflt bŪƑf. k;fbgLojŴ";' k;fbfjxf,
lxtlsl/of;' ljlgoáuŋdefjfjxf ;'jŰlj;'lź ljoflt bŪƑf.
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sĕolrųfg+ c±uënţefjnŋ)f sĕokfu'ţtf, lrųkfu'ţtf r, t];+ ±uënţlgƙŹg/;f, lg/fbLgjkŝ'kŪfgf, t];+
±uënţs/cƧlźoflblsn];klkŋe"tflt bŪƑf. sĕolrųfg+ cşjnŋ)f sĕo'h'stf, lrų'h'stf r, t];+
s'lnefjlgƙŹg/;f, clhƛtfkŝ'kŪfgf, t];+ s'lnefjs/dfof;f±&ëƜflbklkŋe"tflt bŪƑf. ;Ƒ]k]t] kƧlźcfboá wƙf
sĕolrųkbŪfgflt j]lbtƑf.
Ƹs kg]Ŵ kƧźfboá wƙf pźŝfƸb ljgáb]t'+ g ;Ŋþálƃ, o]g Od] kƧźfboá wƙf g lj;'+ ljeųfltĠ gá g
;Ŋþálƃ, Od] kg ;lxtf Pj ;Ŋþálƃ, Ot/yf t];+ pƍlųof Pj c;Ƙjtá. oyf jf kƧźfbL;' ljşdfg];' dáxflxl/sĕbLg+
ph'klkŋefj]g cdáxlxl/cfboá xálƃ, Pjd]t]lk pźŝflbph'klkŋefj]g OlŞtƑflt ux]tƑf. oƨf r]Ŵ ƀLlx ƀLlx
Pj oyf;s+þ klkŋĕ xl/tƑf, tƨf t] Pt] Pj lƀwf ljeųf, g cdáxfboált `ftƑf.
o]jfkgs]þ;' %Ɔált sų'sĕdtfo]t+ clwjrg+, tƨf ;á sų'sĕdtfnŋ±)ëf, cf/ƙ)kl/o];g/;á, cf/ƙ±)ëg
clŴstfkŝ'kŪfgá, tb]jƧ kbŪfg+. cf/ƙ)Ʈx±)ë rfo+ r]t;á xŴƍ;f/)+ ljo bŪƑá. coť oƨf lj/lştƑfbL;'lk
g]ŋƙflbgf ;x náelj;lb;]g sų'sĕdtfsĕ/]g kjųlt, tƨf c;]vfglƕ pƍşlt. náeá kg ;'e;'vflbljkƟf;k'Ƒs]þg
cle;śfsĕ/]g]j kjųtLlt cod]t];+ lj;];á. Pj+ d]ųfs?)fbLglƕ náefbLlx lj;];á oyfg'¿k+ `ftƑá.
clwd'ŝg+ clwdáŋ]ĕ. ;á ;lƉŪfgnŋ±)ëf, c;+;ƍg/;á, lgŞokŝ'kŪfgá, ;lƉŪftƑwƙkbŪfgá, cf/ƙ±)ë
lgŝnefj]g OƆvLná ljo bŪƑá. gg' r ;źflk clwdáŋ]ĕlt j'ŝlt. tyf lx clwdáŋnŋ±)ë OƆŪ+ sĕ/]tLlt ;lźlƇolƃ
j'ŝtLltĠ ;ŝ+, ;f r ±vëf ;ƕ;fbgefj]g clwdáŋ]ĕ, co+ kg oyf tyf jf lgŞoefj]gflt g s]ĕlr lj/á±wëf.
lsl/of sĕ/á, dgƸƨ sĕ/á dgl;sĕ/á, k'l/ddgtá lj;lb;+ dg+ s/átLltlk dgl;sĕ/á, Ʃfo+ cf/ƙ)klkfbs]ĕ
jLlyklkfbs]ĕ hjgklkfbs]ĕlt ltƍsĕ/á, tŴ cf/ƙ)klkfbs]ĕ Ow dgl;sĕ/á. ;á ;f/)nŋ±)ëf, ;ƕo'ųfg+ cf/ƙ±)ë;'
koáhg/;á, cf/ƙ)fled'vefjkŝ'kŪfgá, cf/ƙ)kbŪfgá, ;řf/ŋƈkl/ofkƉá. cf/ƙ)klkfbsų]g ;ƕo'ųfg+ ;f/ly
ljo bŪƑá. jLlyklkfbs]ĕlt kg kťƀf/fjşgƧ]t+ clwjrg+. hjgklkfbs]ĕlt dgáƀf/fjşgƧ, g t] Ow
clwƍ]tf. PŴ rfo+ dgl;sĕ/á ;dƉfxf/dųfsĕ/]g cf/ƙ±)ë ;ƕo'ųfg+ koáhs]ĕ, r]tgf r]tálsl/ofefj]g, ljtŊþá kg
;Řƍfsĕ/]g, pklgŢĕogfsĕ/]g r clelg/áks]ĕ. t]g]j x]Ŵ kbefhgLo] ætŊþá ;Řƍált r, ´fgśÆlƃ r j'ŝtLlt
cod]t];+ lj;];á.
t];' t];' wƙ];' dŢųtf tŶdŢųtf. ;f lrųr]tl;sĕg+ ;djflxtnŋ)f, ögflwstflgjf/)/;f,
kŋkft'kŞ]bg/;f jf, dŢųefjkŝ'kŪfgf, ;dƍjų;ƕo'ųwƙkbŪfgf. ;ƕo'ųwƙfg+ cŢ'k]ŋ±)ëg ;dƍjųfg+ cfhĕgLofg+
cŢ'k]ŋs;f/ly ljo bŪƑf.
k/b'ŋ] ;lt ;fw"g+ xbosƕg+ s/átLlt s?)f, ls/lt jf k/b'ŋ+ Ƹx;lt r, ls/Lolt jf b'lŋt];'
k;f/LotLlt s?)f. ;f k/b'ŋĕkgogfsĕ/ƍjlųnŋ)f, k/b'ŋĕ;xg/;f, cljƸx;fkŝ'kŪfgf, b'ŋĕlee"tfg+
cgfyefjbƧgkbŪfgf. dáblƃ tfo t+;dlśgá, ;o+ jf dáblt, dábgdųd]j jf tlƃ d'lbtf. ;f kdábnŋ)f,
clgƧfog/;f, c/ltlj#ftkŝ'kŪfgf, ;ųfg+ ;ƕlųbƧgkbŪfgf.
sƨf kg]Ŵ d]ų'k]ŋĕ g j'ųfltĠ k'Ƒ] ulxtųf. cbá;á Pj lx ;ų];' lxtmþ/)j;]g kjlųo+ d]ųf. tŶdŢųtf
Pj r OŪflgŪ;ų];' dŢųfsĕ/]g kjlųo+ pk]ŋĕ. t] r wƙf lgotf, s]þjn+ kg g];+ ;ų];' d]ų'k]ŋĕefj]g kjlų
clgotflt. sĕob'ŝl/ttá lj/lt sĕob'ŝl/tlj/lt. ;];kbƀo]lk P;]j goá. nŋ)flbtá kg]tf ltƧálk
sĕob'ŝl/tflbjŴ"g+ cjLltŊþdnŋ)f, ttá ;+s]ĕrg/;f, t];+ clsl/okŝ'kŪfgf, ;źflx/áųƍclƍŞtflbu')kbŪfgf,
kfklsl/otá lrųƧ ljd'vefje"tflt bŪƑf. Pj+ nŋ)flbtá ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá.
;śxflt Pj+ o] Od] OdƸƨ sĕdfjr/k&ds';n] ljeųf Ps"þgrųfnL; wƙf, ;Ƒ]t] vƈtá rt'lƑwf xálƃ _
j]bgfŋƈá ;ţfŋƈá ;řf/ŋƈá ljţf)ŋƈált. tŴ /f;Ū]g ;ádgƧj]bgf j]bgfŋƈá, tyf ;ţf ;ţfŋƈá, lrų+
ljţf)ŋƈá, cj;];f mþƧfboá %Ƹų; wƙf ;řf/ŋƈált j]lbtƑf.
gg' r olb /f;Ū]g vƈá, mþƧfbLg+ tfj cg]sųf ;řf/ŋƈtf o'ųf, sy+ kg j]bgfbLg+ ltŰ+ vƈtfltĠ
pkrf/tá. kŝ]s+þ lx ctLtflbe]bleƉ];' j]bgf;ţfljţf±)ë;' lg?ŃÜálk vƈ-;Źá tb]sb];];' Ps]þsj]bgfbL;'lk
;d'bfoákrf/]g jáx/LotLlt tb]sb];]lk tƑáxf/á, oyf ?ŋƧ ;fvfo l%şdfgfo æ?ŋ]ĕ l%ştLÆltcfbL;' ljoflt. Pj+
vƈtá rt'lƑwf xálƃ.
t] k'g cfotgtá b'ljwf xálƃ _ dgfotg+ wƙfotglƃ. ;ŧflt;dá;/)ŪfgŪ]g x]Ŵ lrų+ dgfotg+, ;];f
kg cŪƸt; wƙf wƙfotglƃ. Pj+ cfotgtá b'ljwf xálƃ. t] k'g wft'j;]g b'ljwf dgáljţf)wft' wƙwft"lt.
lgƧųlgşËjŪ]g x]Ŵ lrų+ dgáljţf)wft', ;];f wƙwft"lt. Pj+ wft'j;]g b'ljwf.
tyf cfxf/fgfxf/j;]g. tŴ mþƧá r]tgf lrųlƃ Od] toá wƙf lj;];kŝoų]g oyfŊþd+ æmþƧfxf/á
dgá;ť]tgfxf/á ljţf)fxf/áÆlt j'ŝlƃ, cj;];f g cfxf/flt. Ƹs kg]t] kŝof g xálƃ, o] g cfxf/flt j'ŝ]Ɯ'lƃĠ gá
g xálƃ, lj;];kŝof kg g xálƃ, mþƧfboá kg t];+ wƙfg+ lj;];kŝof xálƃ, lj;];tá j]bgfboá r cfx/lƃ.
mþƧfxf/á lx ltƧá j]bgfoá cfx/lt, dgá;ť]tgfxf/á toá ej], ljţf)fxf/á kl;lƈgfd¿k+. gg' r ;á ljkfs]ĕ, Ob+
kg s';nljţf)lƃĠ lsťflk Pj+, t+;l/ŋtfo kg ljţf)fxf/áŷ]j j'ų+. oƨf jf Od] æc¿lkgá cfxf/f ;ƕo'ųsĕg+
wƙfg+ t+;d'Ūfgfgť ¿kfg+ cfxf/kŝo]g kŝoáÆlt ‘kŪf01=1=15’ jrgtá sańLsĕ/fxf/á ljo ¿ksĕoƧ pkŴƘsŪ]g
gfdsĕoƧ cfxf/kŝof xálƃ, tƨf Od]j æcfxf/fÆlt j'ųflt j]lbtƑ+. Pj+ cfxf/fgfxf/j;]g b'ljwf.
tyf OlƇoflglƇotá. tŴ ;źf jLl/o+ ;lt PsƮtf cdáxá lrų+ ;ádgƧj]bgf hËljtlƃ Od] cŪ wƙf
clwkltoŪ]g oyfŊþd+ æ;lźlƇo+ jLl/lolƇo+ ;ltlƇo+ ;dflwlƇo+ klţlƇo+ dlglƇo+ ;ádglƧlƇo+ hËljltlƇoÆlƃ j'ŝlƃ,
cj;];f g æOlƇofgLÆlt. Pj+ OlƇoflglƇotá b'ljwf.
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tyf ´fgśf´fgśj;]g. tŴ ljtŊþá ljrf/á kLlt ;ádgƧ+ PsƮtflt Od] kť wƙf pklgŢĕogŪ]g
æ´fgśfgLÆlt j'ŝlƃ, Ot/] æc´fgśfgLÆlt. Pj+ ´fgśf´fgśj;]g b'ljwf.
tyf dƮśfdƮśj;]g. tŴ cdáxá ljtŊþá lj/ltųo+ jLl/o+ ;lt PsƮtflt Od] cŪ wƙf lgƜfgŪ]g,
ljdáŋŪ]g r oyfŊþd+ æ;ƙflblŪ ;ƙf;Řƍá ;ƙfjfrf ;ƙfsƙƃá ;ƙfcfhËjá ;ƙfjfofdá ;ƙf;lt ;ƙf;dfwLÆlt gfd]g
ædƮśfgLÆlt j'ŝlƃ, Ot/] æcdƮśfgLÆlt. kflńo+ kg nálsolrų] lj/tLg+ clgotųf, o]jfkgsųf r tf jş]ŷf
ækťlśs]ĕ d±Ʈëf xátLÆlt ‘w0;058 121’ j'ŝlt. Pj+ dƮśfdƮśj;]g b'ljwf.
tyf anfanj;]g. tŴ ;źfjLl/o+ ;lt ;dflw kţf lx/L cáųƍlƃ Od] ;ų wƙf cslƕoŪ]g anfgLlt
j'ŝlƃ, Ot/] canfgLlt. Pj+ anfanj;]g b'ljwf.
tyf x]t'gx]t'j;]g. tŴ cnáeá cbá;á cdáxált Od] toá wƙf d"nŪ]g x]t"lt j'ŝlƃ, Ot/] gx]t"lt. Pj+
x]t'gx]t'j;]g b'ljwf. Pj+ mþƧfmþƧj]bgfj]bgf ;ţf;ţflrųflrųflbj;]glk j'ųgofg';f/]g oyfoáu+ ;śxljef±uëf
j]lbtƑá. cod]Ŵ ;ř]ká, ljŴf/á kg kbefhgLo;śxjf/] ‘w0;0103cfboá’, tbŪsyfoť ‘w0;0cŪ058-120’
ux]tƑá. Pj+ ;śxtá ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá.
;'ţtá r]jflt Pj+ vƈfbLlx ;ślxt];' t];' wƙ];' tlƑlgd'ųá sĕ/sj]bsĕlb;efjá cųf jf ;Ƨtá jf efjá g
pknưlt. ;'ţf t] wƙf cų]g jf cųlgo]g jf, s]þjn+ klŝ;d'ƍƉf, ;nŋ)wf/)tá wƙdųf, lgŝ;'vflb;f/lj/xtá
c;f/f, kjųslgofdsĕefjtá ckl/)fosĕ clgŝf, b'ŋĕ, cgųf, cgųlgof r x'ŷf kjųƃLlt cod]Ŵ ;ř]ká, ljŴf/á kg
kbefhgLo;'ţtjf/], tbŪsyfoť ux]tƑált. Pj+ ;'ţtá ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá.
lglŪtf k&ds';nƧ cŴjŰgf.
b'ltofbL;'lk k&ds';n] j'ųgo]g wƙ'Ź];flbgf ;Ƒá ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá. g s]þjnť PŴ]j, Otá k/];'lk
;ƑŴ x]Ūf j'ų;lb;fg+ kbfg+, wƙfgť cŴá, ;Ƒá r ljlgŞoá PŴ j'ųgo]g]j j]lbtƑá. Otá k/+ kg ck'Ƒd]j
jŰloƧfd. b'ltolrų] tfj ;;řf/efjdųd]j k&dlrųtá lj;];á, ;];+ tflb;d]j. b'ltos';n+.
tlto]lk wƙ'Ź];] cdáxfefjf OlƇodƮśand"n;śx];' klţlƇo;ƙflblŪdƮśkţfancdáxd"nfg+ kl/xflgof
;lźlƇofbLg+ efjáj lj;];á, ;];+ tflb;d]j. tyf rt'Ŵ] ;;řf/efjdųd]j lj;];á. tltort'Ŵflg.
kťd%Ū;ųdŪd];' kg ;'v;ádgƧŪfg];' pk]ŋĕefjá, kLltof r cefjá. t]g]j ´fgś;śxjf/] rt'/śŢĕgtfj
lj;];á, ;];+ k&db'ltotltort'Ŵlrų;lb;d]j. pk]ŋĕ;xut];' r]Ŵ rt";' s?)fd'lbtf g pƍşƃLlt s]þlr jblƃ,
kl/sƙe"tfg+ kg]Ŵ tf;+ pƍlųof dxfcŪsyfo+ cg'ţftųf pkrf/ƍųf kg pƍşlƃ, g Ot/flt ux]tƑ+.
kťd%Ū;ųdŪdflg.
lj;oflbƍe]btált Pj+ wƙ'Ź];flbgf ljeųflg cŪ sĕdfjr/s';nflg cf/ƙ)ljefutá kŝ]s+þ %lƑwflg xálƃ
¿kf/ƙ)+»k]0 wƙf/ƙ)lƃ. tŴ gLnflbe]bleƉf, ctLtfgfutkŝ'ƍƉcŢlųsaflx/cáńfl/s;'v'dflbe]bleƉf r jŰwft'
¿kf/ƙ)+ gfd. Pj+ ;Źf/ƙ)fbL;'lk oyfg'¿k+ e]bá j]lbtƑá.
PŴ r mþáŪƑlƃ cfkáwft'jlşte"tųo+, wƙf/ƙ)lƃ kťf/ƙ)flg jş]ŷf cj;];f ¿kf¿kkţlųoá j]lbtƑf,
;];+ tflb;d]j. s]þlr kg]Ŵ ærŋ'ljţf)fbLgdfkfyutflg Ptfgf/ƙ)flg ¿kf/ƙ)flbjáxf/+ nelƃ, cgfkfyutflg kg
ctLtfgfutb"/;'v'dflbe]bleƉflg wƙf/ƙ)fg]jfÆlt jblƃ, t+ g o'ų+ lbƑrŋĕbLg+ ¿kf/ƙ)tflbjrgtá.
cgfkfyutf Pj lx tflg lbƑrŋ'cfbLg+ cf/ƙ)+, g r tflg wƙf/ƙ)flg. ¿kfboá lx kť kŝ]s+þ ƀL;' ƀL;'
ƀf/];' PsƸƨ v±)ë cfkfydfuƄf t+t+ƀfl/shjgfg+, tbgƃ/] dgáƀfl/sĕgť ck/ef±uë r lbŪ;'tflbj;]gfg'Ƨ/ƃƧ
;'źdgáƀfl/sĕgť cf/ƙ)flg xálƃ. tyf lx gfgfjŰljlrųr]ltoflbbƧg+ s/áƃƧ, wƙ+ ;')ƃƧ, e]l/;ŹfbLlx jf k"hĕƸb
s/áƃƧ r uƈdfnfbLlg #floŷf, vfbgLoeáhgLoflbť ;floŷf, ;'v;ƖþƧflg cŴ/)kfj'/)fbLlg r m'þl;ŷf dgfkefj+
`ŷf t]lx r]ltok"h+ s/áƃƧ, tŴ tŴ cs';n+ jf pƍfb]ƃƧ, tƸƨ tƸƨ v±)ë uƞdfgflg ¿kflbkťf/ƙ)flg ;fvfo cŊþdg+,
kyljo+ %fofmþ/)ť Psŋ±)ë s'?dfg+ ?ŋ±Ʈë lgnLodfg+ klŋgá ;/L/+ ljo oyf;s+þ k;fbť #ũ]ŷf tƸƨo]j v±)ë
ejśrngkŝoefj]g dgáƀf/]lk cfkfydfuƄf ttá ejś+ ljlŞlƆŷf pƍƉfg+ cfjşgflbjáŪƑgkl/oá;fgfg+, jLlylrųfg+,
tbgƃ/fgť s';nfs';nflbhjgfg+ cf/ƙ)+ x'ŷf tbgƃ/f;' dgáƀf/jLyL;' r ck/ef±uë tyf¿k+ kŝo+ cfuƙ cųgf
k"hĕlbs/)sĕn];', lbŪ;'t#flot;flotm'þŪj;]gfg'Ƨ/ƃƧ, kŝŋtá cg'e'Ɯdfgflg ljo dgáƀf/] r cf/ƙ)flg xálƃ.
cyflk kťlx ƀf/]lx culxtk'Ƒflg a'ź¿kfbLlg, lbƑ¿kfbLlg r kťf/ƙ)flg ;jgj;]g ;Ɵŋ]ŷf hjgŋ±)ë
jf ck/ef±uë ;'tj;]g]j cg'Ƨl/ŷf jf k;fb+, sƙmþn;źfƸb, náeflbť pƍfb]ƃƧflk dgáƀf/] cfkfydfuŞlƃ. cleţfg+
kg ;'źdgáƀf/] Pj, tƨf Pj+ kťƀf/], dgáƀf/], ;'źdgáƀf/] r cfkfyutflg ctLtflbe]bleƉflg ;Ƒflglk kťf/ƙ)flg
sbflrlk wƙf/ƙ)+ g xálƃ, tlbt/f gfd¿kkţlųoá wƙf/ƙ)lƃ ux]tƑ+. gg' r]tflg OŪsƃdgfkflg cf/ƙ)flg
náeƧ jŴ', syd]Ŵ s';n+ pƍştLltĠ lgodflbsĕ/)tá. lrų+ lx æs';nd]j dof sųƑÆlƃ k'Ƒ] lgoldtj;]g ;ƑŴ
cs';nƍjƸų lgjų]ŷf s';n] kl/)fdgj;]g r cleŲ+ cf;]ljts';n;d'bfrf/j;]g r ;ƍ'l/;"klgƧoflbpklgƧoj;]g r
oálg;ácfe'lhtj;]g rflt Od]lx sĕ/±)ëlx s';n+ x'ŷf pƍştLlt j]lbtƑ+. Pjldd];' %;' cf/ƙ±)ë;' pƍşgtá kŝ]s+þ
%lƑwflg xálƃ. cf/ƙ)jjŴfgsyf.
Pj+ cf/ƙ)e]bleƉ];' ¿kf/ƙ)+ tfj s';n+ b;k'ţlsl/ojŴ'j;]g b;ljw+ xált. tŴ Ps]þs+þ kg sĕosƙ+
jrLsƙ+ dgásƙlƃ ltljw+. tŴ sĕoƀf/] kjų+ sĕosƙ+, jrLƀf/] kjų+ jrLsƙ+, dgáƀf/] kjų+ dgásƙ+. tŴ
sĕoƀf/lƃ sĕoljţlų. jrLƀf/lƃ jrLljţlų. tf;+ ljef±uëf ¿kljelųo+ cflj eljƧlt. dgáƀf/lƃ ;Ƒ+ r]tgf;ƕo'ų+
52
lrų+ j'ŝlt, lj;];tá s';nfs';n+. t+ lx ;xhĕtfg+ r]tgfg+, sĕośjfrśrákg+ c;ƕfk'l)ŷf kjųfg+ ;'źdgásƙfg+
kjlųcásĕ;bfgtá ƀf/lƃ j'ŝlt, Od];' kg tL;' ƀf/];' kjųf r]tgf sĕosƙfboá gfd. clkr kf)fltkftfboá,
kf)fltkftfj]/dl)cfboá r sĕosƙ+ gfd, d';fjfbfboá, d';fjfbfj]/dl)cfboá r jrLsƙ+ gfd, cleŢĕboá, cgleŢĕboá
r dgásƙ+ gfd.
s';nkŋ] kg bfgflbb;k'ţlsl/ojŴ"lg r oyf/x+ sĕojrLdgásƙflg xálƃ. Pj+ o]e'Ɯj'lųtá r];
sĕosƙflbefjá j'ųá kf)fltkftfbLglƕ jrLƀf/fbL;' kjlųtá s]þ;lť k'l/;fg+ jgr/sĕlbefjá ljo, ƀf/fgť
sĕosƙƀf/flbefjá s]þ;lť ufdfg+ Ɣfƪ)ufdflbefjá ljo. cs';n] tfj PŴ kf)fltkftflbsĕosƙ+ sĕoƀf/], jrLƀf/] r
oyf/x+ ;d'Ūflt, gá dgáƀf/]. tyf d';fjfbflbjrLsƙ+. kf)fltkftflblgƎþfbgŴ+ lx dgáƀf/] Pj lrƃ]ƃƧ
r]tgfƓfkfbfbL;' sƙkyƍų];' jf sƙky+ cƍų];' jf dgásƙ];' Pj klj;gtá sĕosƙflbefj+ g kfk')flt. gg'
ljşĕdo]gflk s]þjn+ dgásƙ]g kf)fltkftfƸb s/áƃLltĠ g cná)eáhgbư;ogdƃkl/hƍgflbsĕojrLkoáu+ ljgf
tƧfl;Ţgtá. cleŢĕlbdgásƙ+ kg tL;'lk ƀf/];' ;d'Ūflt. cleŢĕo lx sĕo]g k/eůƮfxfbLg+, Ɠfkfb]g
bůk/fd;gfbLg+, ldŞflblŪof ltlŴojƆgfbLg+ s/)sĕn], jfrfo k/;ƕlųkŴgfo æxţƃ' aŢƃ"Ælt cgŴkŴgfo r
ltlŴoŴ'lttbŴbLkgfbLgť oyfŊþd+ kjlųsĕn] r tƧ dgásƙƧ sĕojfrf;' kjlų j]lbtƑf.
sĕdfjr/s';n+ kg kf)fltkftfj]/dl)cflbs+þ sĕojrLdgásƙ+ kŝ]s+þ ƀf/ųo]lk kjųlt. tŴ kf)fltkftfbLlx
;Ɩþƍnfkkl/oá;fg]lx ;ųlx lj/dƃƧ tfj xŴd'Źfo, jrLe]b]g r ;dflbogsĕn], dg;f lj/d)sĕn] r t];+ sĕojrLsƙfg+
tL;' ƀf/];' kjlų j]lbtƑf. cgleŢĕbLlx ;xut]g r]t;f tşƧ sĕokoáuƧ, æk/ljų'ks/)+ lr/lŪlts+þ xát', ;Ƒ] ;ųf
cj]/f xáƃ', ;á eujf c/x+ ;ƙf;Ɨ'źáÆltcflbgf jrLkoáuƧ, s]þjn+ dgákoáuƧ r s/)sĕn] dgásƙƧ tL;'lk ƀf/];'
kjlų j]lbtƑf. PŴ r kťƀf/] pƍƉflg hjgflg sĕojrLsƙflg g xálƃ, dgásƙflg Pj. tflg r g sƙkyƍųflg,
s]þjn+ s';nfbLlg xálƃ. dgáƀf/] k't/ƍjųflg Pj lx sƙkyƍųflg dgásƙflg xálƃ, ¿kf¿khjgflg kg Psƃ+
efjgfdo+ dgásƙd]j dgáƀf/] Pj r kjųlƃ.
lsťflk cleţf`f)flg ljţlųƀohgsĕlg, tyflk sĕojrLsƙjáxf/+ g nelƃ, nás'ų/s';n+ kg sĕojrLƀf/];'
cg'ƍşdfglƕ ldŞfjfrfsƙƃfhËjfg+ ;d'Ş]bƍxfgsĕ/Lg+ lj/tLg+ j;]g sĕojrLsƙlƕ xált, tlbt/dƮśj;]g dgásƙƕLlt
Psŋ±)ë tLl)lk sƙflg xálƃ, tť efjgfdo+, ƀf/+ kgƧ dgáƀf/d]j. oyf r kf)fltkftfj]/dl)ofbLg+ j;]g s';nƧ
ƀf/ųo] kjlų j'ųf, Pj+ b;k'ţlsl/ojŴ"glƕ j;]g jųƑf. cŪsyf;' kg g ljrfl/tf, tyflk gotá Pj+ j]lbtƑf.
t];' bfg+ sĕosƙd]j, jrLsƙlƕ jf. kųfg'ƍbfg+, cưg'dábg+, b];gf jrLsƙd]j. ;Ln+ cklrlt;xut+,
j]Ɯfjŝ;xutť sĕosƙlƕ clŴ, jrLsƙlƕ clŴ. tŴ ;LnƧ sĕojrLsƙefjá l;źá Pj. cklrltof kg k'Ǝþk"hĕlbgf,
jƆgflbgf jf kjlųsĕn] sĕosƙefjá, y'ltdok"hĕlbgf kjlųsĕn] jrLsƙefjá r j]lbtƑá. j]ƜfjŝƧflk ;xŴf s/)sĕn]
sĕosƙefjá, lunfgfbLg+ rt'kŝo;dfbfkgflbj;]g, u¿lx cf)ų;Ź]g cf/árgkŊþá;gflbj;]g jrLsƙefjá r
j]lbtƑá. efjgf, ;jg+, lblŪh'sƙť dgásƙd]j, cưg'dábgƕLlt s]þlr. ;jglƕ lx ;átƀf/fg';f/]g dgáƀf/] Pj
wƙŴ;Ɵŋ)j;]g kjlųsĕn] dgásƙd]j.
tŴ bfg+ cklrlt j]Ɯfjŝ+ kųfg'ƍbfg+ b];gflt Odflg kť sĕojrLƀf/];' Pj kjųlƃ, g dgáƀf/]. PŴ r
kųfg'ƍbfgb];gfg+ sĕoljsĕ/]g kƸų b]ƃƧ, wƙ+ b];]ƃƧ r sĕoƀf/]lk kjlų j]lbtƑf. ;Ln+ efjgf cưg'dábg+ ;jg+
lblŪh'sƙlƃ Odflg kg kť tL;'lk ƀf/];' kjųlƃ, æg k'g]j+ sl/ƧfdLÆlt r]Ŵ dg;fj b'ŝl/ttá lj/dƃƧ,
cưg'dábƃƧ r j;]g ;Lnưg'dábgfg+ dgáƀf/]lk kjlų j]lbtƑf. o+ kg cŪ;flnlgo+ æbfgdo+ sĕojrLdgásƙj;]g
ltljw+ xátLÆltcflb j'ų+, t+ k'Ƒr]tgfj;]g dgáƀf/] kjų+ ux]ŷf kl/ofotá j'ų+, lgƍl/ofotá sĕojrLƀf/ƍjųf
;lƉŪfgr]tgfj. t]g]j lx tŴ]j j'ų+ æljgokl/ofo+ kŷf lx ‚bƧfld sl/ƧfdLƒlt jfrf leƉf xátLlt. Oldgf nŋ±)ëg
bfg+ gfd xált, clewƙkl/ofo+ kŷf kg ljşdfgsjŴ'+ cf/ư dg;f lrlƃtsĕntá kŪfo s';n+ xált. ck/ef±uë sĕo]g
jf jfrfo jf sųƑ+ sl/ƧtLÆlt ‘w0;0cŪ01’. Ot/yf æbƧfdLÆlt lrlƃtdų]gflk bfg+ gfd ej]Ɯ, tyf r
tflb;+ jŴ'+ oyflrlƃtlgofd]g cb]ƃƧ w'/lgŋ]k] clbƉfbfglƕ l;of. Pj+ dg;f kf)fltkftfboálk l;o'+, tť g o'ų+,
tƨf j'ųgo]g]j ux]tƑ+. cy jf æ;Ƒ+ ;fkt]Ɯ+ lbƉţ]j x/t"Ælt kl/ŝhg;Ƙjtá bfgƧ dgáƀf/]lk kjlų j]lbtƑf.
PŴ r bfg;Lnflbsĕosƙfg+ sĕoƀf/] kjlųo+ sƙ+ sĕosƙd]j, ƀf/lƕ sĕoƀf/d]j. jrLƀf/] kjlųo+ sƙ+
sĕosƙd]j, ƀf/+ kg jrLƀf/+. dgáƀf/] kjlųolƕ sƙ+ sĕosƙ+, ƀf/+ kg dgáƀf/+. b];gfưg'dábgfbLg+ jrLsƙfg+
jrLƀf/] kjlųo+ sƙlƕ jrLsƙ+, ƀf/lƕ jrLƀf/d]j. sĕoƀf/] kjlųolƕ sƙ+ jrLsƙd]j, ƀf/+ kg sĕoƀf/+. dgáƀf/]
kjlųolƕ sƙ+ jrLsƙ+, ƀf/+ kg dgáƀf/+. efjgflbdgásƙfg+ dgáƀf/] kjlųo+ sƙlƕ dgásƙ+, ƀf/lƕ dgáƀf/d]j.
sĕoƀf/] kjlųolƕ sƙ+ dgásƙd]j, ƀf/+ kg sĕoƀf/+. jrLƀf/] kjlųolƕ sƙ+ dgásƙd]j, ƀf/+ kg jrLƀf/+. Pj+
kf)fltkftfbLg+, kf)fltkftfj]/dl)cfbLgť j'ųfg';f/]g sƙjjŴfg+, ƀf/jjŴfgť oyfg'¿k+ oáh]ŷf c;Ř/tá `ftƑ+.
ƀf/sƙjjŴfgsyf lglŪtf.
Obflg oƨf b;ljwflg r]tflg k'ţlsl/ojŴ"lg tL;' Pj+ ;śƞlƃ bfgdo] ;Lndo] efjgfdo]lt. kųfg'ƍbfg+
lx bfgdo] ;śƞlt, æcưg'dábgƕLÆlt ‘w0;0cŪ0156-159k'ţlsl/ojŴflbsyf’ cŪsyfo+. cklrltj]Ɯfjŝflg
;Lndo]. b];gf;jglblŪh'sƙflg efjgfdo], tƨf ¿kf/ƙ)Ƨ s';nƧ bfg;Lnefjgfj;]g ƀf/ųoƍjƸų oáh]ŷf
bƧ]Ƨfd. tbg';f/]g]j Ot/];+ j;]gflk ;Ŋĕ `ft'lƃ. s';n+ lx jŰf/ƙ)+ x'ŷf pƍşdfg+ bfg;Lnefjgfj;]g]j tL;'
ƀf/];' kjųlt. sy+Ġ obf lx gLnkLtflbjŰljlrų+ k'ƎþjŴflbb]Ɯwƙ+ nleŷf æjŰbfg+ d] eljƧtLÆlt jŰj;]g cfe'lhŷf
r]ltofbL;' ;xŴ]g k"h]lt, tbf ¿kf/ƙ)+ bfgdo+ sĕoƀf/] kjųlt, tť k'Ƒr]tgf ;lƉŪfgr]tgf ck/r]tgflt ltljw+
53
xált. Pj+ pkl/lk ;Ƒjf/];' ltljwtf j]lbtƑf. obf kg tb]j oyfj'ųjŴ'+ jfrfo cf)fk]ŷf k'ųbf/fbLlx bfk]lt,
tbf¿kf/ƙ)+ bfgdo+ jrLƀf/] kjųlt. obf kg tb]j ljşdfgsjŴ'+ æbƧfdLÆlt lrƃ]lt, kŝf;L;lt, oyflwƍfo+
lgƎþfb]Ƨlt, tbf k'Ƒr]tgfj;]g kl/ofotá bfgdo+ dgáƀf/] kjųlt gfd. Pj+ ¿kf/ƙ)+ bfgdo+ ƀf/j;]g ltljw+
xált.
obf kg j'ųƍsĕ/jŰ+ b]Ɯwƙ+ nleŷf æPj+ dgfkjŰfg+ kl/ŝhg+ gfd dƞ+ s'nj+;futjųd]tÆlƃ ;xŴf k"h]lt,
tflb;jŰjƃ+ jf k/kl/Ʈlxtflbeáu;ƕƸų kl/ŝlhŷf ;Ln+ /ŋlt, tbf ¿kf/ƙ)+ ;Ln+ sĕoƀf/] r kjųlt. obf kg
j'ųƍsĕ/jŰ+ b]Ɯwƙ+ s'nj+;flbj;]g jfrfo cf)fk]ŷf k/]lx bfk]lt, tflb;+ jf k/kl/ƮlxtfƸb jfrfo ckg]ŷf ;Ln+
/ŋlt, tbf ¿kf/ƙ)+ ;Ln+ jrLƀf/] kjųlt. obf kg tflb;+ ljşdfgsjŴ'+ s'nj+;flbj;]g æbƧfdLÆlt, tflb;+
k/kl/Ʈlxtflbs+þ cgfdl;ŷf æ;Ln+ /lŋƧfdLÆlt jf lrƃ]lt, tbf ¿kf/ƙ)+ ;Ln+ dgáƀf/] kjųlt. Pj+ ¿kf/ƙ)+
;Lndo+ ƀf/j;]g ltljw+ xált.
obf kg j'ųƍsĕ/+ jŰjƃ+ bŷf tb]j jŰ+, ;Ƒ+ jf ¿kfotg+ rŘdƃá clgŝflbtá ljkƧlt, tbf ¿kf/ƙ)+
efjgfdo+ sĕoƀf/] kjųlt. tb]j jrLe]b+ sŷf ;ƙ;ƃƧ ¿kf/ƙ)+ efjgfdo+ jrLƀf/] kjųlt. tb]j sĕośjfrś+
crák]ŷf ;ƙ;ƃƧ ¿kf/ƙ)+ efjgfdo+ dgáƀf/] kjųlt. Pj+ ¿kf/ƙ)+ efjgfdo+ ƀf/j;]g ltljw+ xált. Olt
¿kf/ƙ)Ƨ s';nƧ ltljwk'ţlsl/ojŴ'j;]g gj;' sƙƀf/];' kjlųljef±uëf j]lbtƑá. Oldgfj go]g ¿kf/ƙ)Ƨ s';nƧ
b;k'ţlsl/ojŴ'j;]gflk Ƹt;fo sƙƀf/];' kjlųljef±uëf oáh]ŷf `ftƑá. oyf r ¿kf/ƙ)Ƨ, Pj+ ;Źf/ƙ)fbLglƕ kťƉ+
s';nfg+ k'ţlsl/ojŴ'ƀf/]lx ljef±uëf, oáhgfgoá r oyfg'¿k+ `ftƑá.
clkr ;Ź+ gfd sƆd"n+ ljo xŴ]g ux]ŷf bft'+ g ;Ŋĕ. obf kg æ;Źbfg+ d]Ælt cfe'lhŷf e]l/cflbt"l/o]
ltŰ+ /tgfg+ b]lt, t]lx pkxf/+ jf s/ált, wƙslysĕbLg+ ;/e];şĕƸb b]lt, wƙƧjg+ #á;]lt, ;/eţwƙsyfƸb jf
s/ált, tbf s';n+ ;Źf/ƙ)+ xált. Pj+ uƈflbjŴ'kl/ŝf±uëlk uƈflbcf/ƙ)+. wƙf/ƙ)+ kg cáhĕhËljltlƇotbfoųfg+
j;]g `ftƑ+. obf lx cáhjƃflg cƉkfg;lƍgjgLtfbLlg æcáhbfg+ d] eljƧtLÆlt b]lt, lunfgfg+ e];ş+ jf j]ş+ jf
pkg]ŷf, kf±)ëfk/áws+þ cfj'whĕns'ldgfƸb ljgf;]ŷf jf, jŢƍų] kfl)gá dár]ŷf jf æhËljtbfg+ d] eljƧlt
hËljtfoųj'lųtfo, kťk;fb;áń;;'v'd¿klrųr]tl;sĕg+ j;]g k;fbflbbfg+ d] eljƧtLÆlt r dgl; s/ált, tbf s';n+
wƙf/ƙ)+ xált. ;];+ tflb;d]j.
co+ gfgfjŴ";' l&tf/ƙ)fg+ oáhgf. PsjŴ'lƨlƕ %f/ƙ)+ nưt]j. lkůkftƸƨ lx dgfká jŰá, vfbgsĕn]
d'?d'/fog;Źá, uƈá, /;á, mþáŪƑ+, cáhĕ, tbfoųf jf hËljtk;fbfboá, tlƑ;oflg r ljţf)fbLgLlt %f/ƙ)lƕ
j]lbtƑ+. Pj+ rLj/fbL;' r]j jŴfbL;' r oyfg'¿k+ `ftƑ+. PŴlk bfg;Lnefjgfdotf, sĕojrLdgásƙefjá r
j'ųgo]g]j j]lbtƑá. oyf r s';nfg+, Pj+ cs';nfglƕ cf/ƙ)sƙƀf/jjŴfg+, ck'ţlsl/ojŴ";' oáhgfgoá r
j'ųfg';f/]g oyfoáu+ `ftƑá.
Pj+ cf/ƙ)tá, k'ţlsl/ojŴ'tá, sƙtá, ƀf/tá r cg]s;xƧƍe]b];' r]t];' s';n];' pkŬflg kg `f);ƕo'ųflg
rt'Ɖ+ clwktLg+ j;]g kŝ]s+þ rt'lƑwflg, `f)ljƍo'ųflg kg pkŬflg jLd+;flwkltjlştflwkltųoj;]g kŝ]s+þ ltljwflg,
tb'eoflg k'g xLglųsj;]g kŝ]s+þ ltljwflg, tflg k'g ckl/df±)ë;' kg rŊþjfń];' kŝ]s+þ ckl/df±)ë;' ;ų];' Ps]þsƸƨ
ctLtfgfutkŝ'ƍƉcáńfl/s;'v'dtfbLlx cgƃ]lx ksĕ/]lx pƍşgtá cgƃfkl/df)flg xálƃ. tflg ;Ƒflg ;Ɨ'źá cgƃ]g
a'ź`f±)ëg dxft'nfo t'nodfgá ljo, dxft'Ɨ] klŋlkŷf ldgodfgá ljo ;Ƒfsĕ/tá kl/lŞlƆŷf dxfs?)fo sĕdfjr/Ū]g
;l/ŋtfo Psų+ pkg]ŷf, k'g ;ádgƧ'k]ŋĕ;xutŪ]g, `f);ƕo'ųljƍo'ųŪ]g, c;řfl/s;;řfl/sŪ]g r s]ĕŪf;] sŷf
b];]l;, oyf t+ násljb" ;Ŵf b]jdg'Ƨfglƃ. cod]Ŵ ;ř]ká, ljŴf/á kg cflbtá kŪfo wƙ;śl)of ‘w0;01’,
tbŪsyfo r cŪ;flnlgof ‘w0;0cŪ01’ ;Ƒfsĕ/tá `ftƑált. Pj+ lj;oflbƍe]btá ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá.
sĕdfjr/s';nwƙf lglŪtf.
¿kfjr/wƙf kg s';nf ´fgś;ƕoáue]btá kťljwf xálƃ. ;]Ɯlyb+ _ ljtŊþljrf/kLlt;'±vësƮtf;ƕo'ų+
k&dŢĕlgs+þ, ttá j"k;ƃ+ cltŊþƃljtŊ+þ ljrf/kLlt;'±vësƮtf;ƕo'ų+ b'ltoŢĕlgs+þ, ttá j"k;ƃ+ cltŊþƃljrf/+
kLlt;'±vësƮtf;ƕo'ų+ tltoŢĕlgs+þ, ttá j"k;ƃ+ lj/ųkLlts+þ ;'±vësƮtf;ƕo'ų+ rt'ŴŢĕlgs+þ, ttá j"k;ƃ+ cŴśt;'v+
pk]ŋ]sƮtf;ƕo'ų+ kťdŢĕlgslƃ. Pj+ ;ƕoáue]btá ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá.
wƙ'Ź];flbtá kg k&dŢĕg] tfj sĕdfjr/k&ds';n] j'ų];' &k]ŷf lj/ltųo+ ;];f %Ƹų; wƙf xálƃ. tŴ
%Ɔfboá rųf/á, s?)f, d'lbtf rflt % o]jfkgsĕ. ;];+ ;'ţtjf/kl/oá;fg+ ;Ƒ+ sĕdfjr/k&ds';n] j'ų;lb;d]j.
s]þjn+ lx lj/tLg+ cefjá, ;śxjf/] kťdƮśefjá, e"dƃ/j;]g ¿kfjr/efjá r lj;];á, ;];+ tflb;d]j. k&dŢĕg+.
tyf b'ltoŢĕg]lk s]þjn+ wƙ'Ź];] ljtŊĕefjá, ;śxjf/] rt'ŊþŢĕgśdƮśefjá r lj;];á, ;];+ k&d;lb;d]j.
b'lto+.
tyf tltoŢĕg]lk s]þjn+ wƙ'Ź];] ljrf/fefjá, ;śxjf/] ltjlśsŢĕgtf r lj;];á, ;];+ b'lto;lb;d]j.
tlto+.
tyf rt'Ŵ] s]þjn+ wƙ'Ź];] kLltof cefjá, s]ĕŪf;jf/] b'jlśsŢĕgefjá r lj;];á, ;];+ tlto;lb;d]j. rt'Ŵ+.
tyf kťd] s]þjn+ wƙ'Ź];] s?)fd'lbtfbLg+ cefjá, ;ádgƧŪfg] pk]ŋĕefjá, s]ĕŪf;jf/] ´flglƇo];'
pk]ŋĕ´fgśefjá, pk]lŋlƇoefjá r lj;];á, ;];+ rt'Ŵ;dd]j. kťd+.
kbefhgLo] kg ljtŊþljrf/fg+ j"k;df b'lto+, kLltof r lj/fuf tlto+, ;ádgƧƧ r cŴśdf rt'Ŵlƃ
rt'Ŋþgoálk cfutá, ;á ltŋkţfg+ Psƍxf/]g]j ljtŊþljrf/;dltŊþd;Ƙjtá j'ųá. tŴ b'ltofbLg+ ;Ƒ;á kťsgo]
54
tltoflb;dųf tŴ j'ųgo]g]j ;Ƒá ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá tŴ]j cƃáuwefjá rflt. rt'Ŋþgoá.
lj;oflbƍe]btá kg ljlgŞo+ kťsgo]g]j jŋĕd, tbg';f/tá Pj rt'Ŋþgoj;]gflk ;Ŋĕ `ft'lƃ. Pj+ pkl/
nás'ų/]lk. kťljwflk r]t] ¿kfjr/s';nwƙf sl;)f/ƙ)e]btá kŝ]s+þ cŪljwf xálƃ kyjLsl;)+
cfkát]h]ĕjfoágLnkLtnálxtábftsl;)ťflt, cfnásĕsĕ;sl;±)ëlx ;Ƹź b;ljwf xálƃ. kbefhgLo] ‘w0;0202’ kg
cfnássl;)Ƨ cábftsl;±)ëg ;ślxtųf cƮx)+ bŪƑ+, cfsĕ;sl;)Ƨ kg pŔfgf;Ƙjtá cgf?ƍŢĕlgsųf. t+ lx k'gƍ'g+
pŔflodfglƕ cfsĕ;d]j xált, tƨf tŴ'ƍƉ+ ¿kfjr/kťdŢĕg+ ejlj;];fo, lbŪwƙ;'vljxf/fo r ;+jųlt, cleţfo,
ljkƧgfo r kfbslƕ xált, cgf?ƍųf kg lg/áwkfbs+þ g xált. ;];flg kg gj sl;)flg lg/áwkfbsĕlgkLlt
cod]t];+ lj;];á. cfgfkfgŢĕgƧflk kg]Ŵ jfoásl;±)ë ;śxá bŪƑált. sl;)syf.
Pj+ sl;)j;]g cŪljwf r]t] cleefotgj;]g kg kŝ]s+þ cŪljwf xálƃ. eujtf lx _
æcŢų+ c¿k;ţL alxźf ¿kflg kƧlt kl/ųflg, tflg clee'Ɯ»k]0 cƍdf)flg. tflg
clee'Ɯ »k]0 kl/ųflg ;'jŰb'ƑŰflg»k]0 cƍdf)flg ;'jŰb'ƑŰflg ;'lj;'ź+ gLn+ kLt+ nálxt+ cábftÆlƃ
‘w0;0211cfboá’ _
cŪ cleefotgflg b]l;tflg, tflg r sl;±)ëƩ]j cleeljŷf ;dfkşgj;]g ´fg'ƍlųlj;];tá, cgf/ƙ)lj;];tá. tŴ lx
cŢų+ c¿k;ţLlt cnfletfo jf cglŴstfo jf cŢų¿k] sl;)j;]g kl/sƙ;ţflj/lxtáj. alxźf ¿kflg kƧtLlt
alxźf cŪ sl;)¿kflg kl/sƙj;]g r]j cƍgfj;]g r kƧlt. kl/ųfgLlt v'Źskl/df)flg, tflg clee'Ɯ kƧƃá r
;ƕƉuxl)s]ĕ sŞ'dų+ eų+ nleŷf æƸs PŴ e'lŧtƑ+ cŴLÆlt ;ŘlŬŷf ;Ƒ+ Pssańd]j s/ált, Pjd]j `f)'ųl/s]ĕ
ælsd]Ŵ kl/ųs]þ cf/ƙ±)ë ;dfklştƑ+ clŴ, gfo+ dd ef/áÆlt tflg cleeljŷf ;x lgldų'ƍfb]g]j cƍg+ lgƑų]lt, tƨf
t+ ´fg+ æcleefotgÆlƃ j'ŝlt. cƍdf)fgLlt dxƃflg. tflg clee'Ɯflt dxŔ;á Ps+þ eųkfƸt nleŷf ljo `f)'ų/á
cƍdf)+ nleŷf æPt+ jf xát' cţ+ jf, lsd]Ŵ ;dfklştƑÆlƃ cƍg+ lgƑų]lt. ;'jŰb'ƑŰfgLlt kl/;'źfkl/;'źjŰflg
kl/;'źflg lx gLnfbLlg, ckl/;'źflg r ;'jŰb'ƑŰfgLlt Ow clwƍ]tflg, Ptflglk æ;'jŰflg jf xáƃ' b'ƑŰflg jf,
kl/ųcƍdf)j;]g]j cleefotgfgLÆlt cfudŪsyf;' ‘bL0lg0cũ02=173 d0lg0cŪ02=249 c0lg0cŪ03=8=65’
jlŰtflg. jŰfeáuƧ lx clŴtfo k'l/dflg cleefotgflg jŰfeáu/lxt;lxttfo PŴ s]þjntá lj;];;ưfjf rt'wf
j'ųflg, gLnfbLlg kg rųfl/ ;'lj;'źjŰj;]g ;'vf/áxtfo `f)'ųl/s]ĕ cleeljŷf cƍg+ lgƑų]lt, tƨf
cf/ƙ)lj;];fefj]lk ´fg'ƍlųlj;];tá Od];+ cŪƉ+ cleefotgfg+ j;]g kŝ]s+þ cŪljwf xáƃLlt j]lbtƑf.
cleefotgsyf.
tflg k'g oyf r cleefotgj;]g, Pj+ ljdáŋj;]gflk kŝ]s+þ ltljwf xálƃ. eujtf lx æ¿kL ¿kflg kƧlt,
cŢų+ c¿k;ţL alxźf ¿kflg kƧlt, ;'eƄ]j clwd'ųá xátLÆlt ‘w0;0240cfboá¶ bL0lg03=339 358 c0lg0 8=66’
toá ljdáŋĕ b]l;tf. t] r sl;±)ëƩ]j clwd'ŝgj;]g ´fg'ƍlųlj;];tá, efjgf/ƙ)lj;];tá lsldb+ clwd'ŝg+ gfdĠ
kŝgLswƙ]lx ;'Ū' ljd'ŝg+, cf/ƙ±)ë;' r ;'Ū' cle/lt, lkt' dft' cŘ] ljƧŪśkŝśƧ bf/sƧ ;og+ ljo clgƮlxtefj]g
lg/f;Řtfo cf/ƙ±)ë kjųLlt j'ų+ xált. tŴ ¿kLlt cŢų+ s]þ;fbL;' pƍflbt+ ¿kŢĕg+ ¿k+ gfd, tbƧ cŴLlt ¿kL.
cŢųlƕ lx s]þ;fbL;' gLn+, d]bfbL;' kLt+, d+;fbL;' nálxt+, bƃfbL;' cábftť jŰsl;)j;]g cfe'lhŷf kl/sƙ+ s/áƃƧ
¿kŢĕgflg, sl;)+ pŔf]ŷf r c¿kŢĕgflg pƍşƃ]j ¿kflg kƧtLlt alxźflk gLnsl;)flb¿kflg ´fgrŋ'gf kƧlt,
Oldgf cŢųalxźjŴ's]þ;' sl;±)ë;' ´fgƍlnfeá blƧtá. cŢų+ c¿k;ţLlt cųgá s]þ;fbL;' cg'ƍflbt¿kfjr/Ţĕgá,
Oldgf alxźf klnźŢĕgtf blƧtf. ;'eƄ]j clwd'ųá xátLlt Oldgf ;'lj;'ź;] ' gLnflbjŰsl;±)ë;' æ;'eÆlƃ
clwd'lųj;]g klnźŢĕgtf blƧtf. Pj+ cf/ƙ)lj;];fefj]lk clwd'lųj;]g ´fg'ƍlųlj;];tá Od];+ ltŰ+ ljdáŋĕg+ j;]g
kŝ]s+þ ltljwf xáƃLlt j]lbtƑf. ljdáŋsyf.
oyf r ljdáŋtá, Pj+ klkbfe]btá kŝ]s+þ rt'lƑwf xálƃ b'ŋklkb+ bƈfleţ+, b'ŋklkb+ lvƍfleţ+,
;'vklkb+ bƈfleţ+, ;'vklkb+ lvƍfleţlƃ. tŴ k&d;dƉfxf/tá kŪfo ofj pkrf/+ pƍşlt, tfj kjųf
´fgefjgf æklkbfÆlt j'ŝlt. ;f PsŝƧ b'ŋĕ gLj/)flbkŝgLswƙ;d'bfrf/uxgtfo c;'v;]jgf xált, PsŝƧ
tbefjtá ;'vf. pkrf/tá kg kŪfo ofj cƍgf, tfj kjųf kţf æcleţfÆlt j'ŝlt. ;f PsŝƧ bƈf
c;L#ƍjlųgL, PsŝƧ lvƍf. c;ƍfo;]ljgá b'ŋĕ klkbf xált bƈf r cleţf, ;ƍfo;]ljgá ;'vf klkbf xált lvƍf
r cleţf. k'Ƒfk/sĕn];' ;ƍfof;ƍfo;]jgj;]g jáldƧtf r j]lbtƑf. tyf klnaáw'kŞ]bflbs+þ k'Ƒlsŝ+ c;ƕfb]ƃƧ
klkbf b'ŋĕ, ;ƕfb]ƃƧ ;'vf klkbf. cƍgfs]ĕ;Ɵ+ c;ƕfb]ƃƧ bƈfleţf, ;ƕfb]ƃƧ lvƍf. lsn]l;lƇofg+ jf
ltŋd'b'tfo k&df, ljkl/ofo]g rt'Ŵf, jáldƧtfo dlŢdf ƀ]lt j]lbtƑf. tŲfljşĕleejgfgleejgj;]g jf
;dyljkƧgf;' stflwsĕ/fstflwsĕ/tfj;]g jflk Ptf;+ ke]bá j]lbtƑá. k&dŢĕgflbcfudgj;]gflk b'ltofbLg+
klkbfleţfe]bá xálto]jflt bŪƑ+. Pj+ klkbfj;]g kŝ]s+þ rt'lƑwf xáƃLlt j]lbtƑf. klkbfsyf.
oyf r klkbflx, Pj+ cf/ƙ)e]btálk kŝ]s+þ rt'lƑwf xálƃ kl/ų+ kl/ųf/ƙ)+, kl/ų+ cƍdf)f/ƙ)+, cƍdf)+
kl/ųf/ƙ)+, cƍdf)+ cƍdf)f/ƙ)lƃ. tŴ o+ cƍu')+, pkl/ŢĕgƧ kŝoá eljt'+ g ;Ŋþált, Ob+ kl/ų+. o+ kg
cjlŬt] cf/ƙ±)ë kjų+, t+ kl/ų+ cf/ƙ)+ cƧflt kl/ųf/ƙ)+. ljkl/ofotá cƍdf)+ cƍdf)f/ƙ)+. tb'eojáldƧtfo
dŢ] Ot/ƀo+ j]lbtƑ+. Pj+ cf/ƙ)e]btá rt'lƑwf xáƃLlt j]lbtƑf. cf/ƙ)syf.
oyf r klkbf/ƙ±)ëlx, Pj+ clwktLg+ j;]g kŝ]s+þ rt'lƑwtf, xLglųsj;]g k'g ltljwtf r oáh]ŷf
j]lbtƑf.
b;sl;)d"nljefusyf lglŪtf.
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oyf sl;)d"n];', Pj+ Ɣƪljxf/d"n];'lk oyfoáu+ ljef±uëf j]lbtƑá _ d]ųfs?)fd'lbtfj;]g lx cflbtá rųfl/
´fgflg kŝ]s+þ ltljwf xálƃ d]ųf;xut+, s?)f;xut+, d'lbtf;xutlƃ. kťdŢĕg+ kg pk]ŋĕƔƪljxf/j;]g Psljw+
pk]ŋĕ;xutlƃ. k'l/d];' lx tL;' kťdŢĕg+ g'ƍşlt. sƨfĠ ;ádgƧfljƍoáutá, ;ádgƧ;d'lŪtfg+ ƓfkfbljƸx;f/tLg+
oyfŊþd+ lgƧ/)ųf, klŞd] r ltsrt'ŊþŢĕg+ g'ƍşlt. sƨfĠ pk]ŋĕj]bgf;ƕoáutá, tƧf r kl#fg'golgƧ/)tá
dŢųfsĕ/]g kjlųtá, tflg k'g klkbf/ƙ)flwkltxLglųse]b]lx k'Ƒ] j'ųgo]g oáh]ŷf j]lbtƑflg. PŴ r
cƍ;ųf/ƙ)j;]g kl/ųf/ƙ)tf, ax';ųf/ƙ)j;]g cƍdf)f/ƙ)tf r PsƸƨ ;ų] cƍg+ kfk]ŷf cg'Ŋþd]g
Psĕjf;PsjLlyufdflbut;ų];' kfkgj;]g jŬgf r j]lbtƑf. wƙ'Ź];] kg]Ŵ s?)f;xut] d'lbtflj/lxtf kťƸt; wƙf,
t];' %Ɔfboá rųf/á, s?)f rflt kť]j o]jfkgsĕ, s?)f r lgotflt j]lbtƑf. Pj+ d'lbtf;xut]lk. s]þjn+
s?)flj/lxtf d'lbtf lgotf kjųflt cod]Ŵ lj;];á. cj;];Ɣƪljxf/ƀo], kg sl;)f;'efbL;' r ;ƑŴ
s?)fd'lbtflj/lxtf r rt'Ƹų; wƙf, tŴ r %Ɔfboá rųf/áj o]jfkgsĕ j]lbtƑflt. Ɣƪljxf/d"nljefusyf.
c;'ee]btá kg k&dŢĕgd]j]s+þ b;ljw+ xált pź'dfts;ţf;xut+
ljgLnsljk'ƑsljlŞŹsljŋĕlotsljlŋųsxtljlŋųsnálxtsk'ńjsclŪs;ţf;xutlƃ, b;lj±wëlk r]tƸƨ c;'e] kls"þnųf,
b'Ƒnųf r ljtŊþan]g]j ´fg+ ltŪlt, g ljgf ljtŊ]þg ;L#;átfo glbof cl/ųan]g]j gfjf ljo, tƨf k&dŢĕgd]j]Ŵ
pƍşlt, ;dyljkƧgflbcflg;+;bƧfljtfo, kg]Ŵ gLj/)ƍxfg]g r kLlt;ádgƧ+ pƍşlt ax'j]tgnfebƧg]g k'Ǝþ%ūsƧ
u"y/fl;lƛ ljo, pk;ƃƓflwb'ŋƧ r /álugá jdglj/]rgƍjlųo+ ljoflt bŪƑ+. t+ kg b;ljwlƕ k&dŢĕg+
klkbf/ƙ)flwkltxLglųsj;]g kŝ]s+þ oáh]ŷf j]lbtƑ+. PŴ r c;'ef/ƙ)Ƨ cjŬgLotfo v'Źs]þ pź'dftsĕlbŪfg] pƍƉ+
lgldų+ kl/ųf/ƙ)+, dxƃ] cƍdf)f/ƙ)+ j]lbtƑ+. Pt];' kg b;;' c;'e];' ;fdţtá ƀƸų;fsĕ/j;]g,
gjl;jlyskƑj;]g r kjųf sĕoutf;lt ;ślxtf, jŰsl;±)ë;' r s]þ;fbLg+ s]ĕŪf;fg+ gLnflbjŰf/ƙ)f,
rt'ŊþkťsŢĕgj;]g pƍƉf sĕoutf;lt r ;ślxtf. kbefhgLo] lj;'+ g j'ųf, tƨf t];+ j;]gflk ljef±uëf j]lbtƑá.
c;'ed"nljefusyf.
Pj+ cf/ƙ)flbe]btá r leƉfg+ ¿kfjr/s';nwƙfg+ sĕnb];flbe]b]g cgƃtf, eujtf r Psų+ pkg]ŷf
b]l;tefjá, ljŴf/gofltb];á r sĕdfjr/s';n] j'ųfg';f/]g oyfg'¿k+ `ftƑá. Otá k/+ c¿kfjr/fbL;'lk lj;];dųd]j
jŋĕd. Pj+ lj;oflbƍe]btá ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá.
¿kfjr/s';nwƙf lglŪtf.
c¿kfjr/f kg s';nwƙf ;ƕoáutá g leƉf, ;Ƒ]lk pk]ŋ]sƮtf;ƕo'ųfj, wƙ'Ź];flbtálk ;Ƒ;á

¿kfjr/kťdŢĕg;lb;f. c¿kfjr/efjá Pj x]Ŵ lj;];á. lj;oflbƍe]btált PŴ kg cf/ƙ)tá t] rt'lƑwf xálƃ.
;]Ɯlyb+ _ cfsĕ;fgťfotg+ ljţf)ťfotg+ cflsťţfotg+ g]j;ţfgf;ţfotglƃ. tŴ lx sl;)'Ŕfldfsĕ;] æcgƃá
cfsĕ;áÆlt kjų+ k&d+, tƸƨ k&df?ƍljţf±)ë æcgƃ+ ljţf)Ælƃ kjų+ b'lto+, tƧ k&df?ƍljţf)Ƨ cefj] æglŴ
lsťLÆlt kjų+ tlto+, tƸƨ tlto] æ;ƃd]t+ k)Ltd]tÆlƃ kjų+ rt'Ŵ+. k'l/dk'l/d]lx klŞdklŞd+ ;ƃ;ƃt/;ƃtdlƃ r
j]lbtƑ+.
gg' ¿kfjr/];' ljtŊĕlbcś;dltŊþdtá pk¿kl/´fgfg+ ;ƃt/flbefjá j'ųá, cśfltŊþd/lxt];' kg cf?ƍ];'
sylƃĠ cf/ƙ)fltŊþdtá. Pt];' lx sl;)¿k;dltŊþdtá k&d+ ´fg+ ¿kfjr/kťdŢĕgtá ;ƃ+, ttálk
sl;)'Ŕfldfsĕ;fltŊþdtá b'lto+, ttálk cfsĕ;] kjųljţf)fltŊþdtá tlto+, ttálk cfsĕ;] kjųljţf)Ƨ ;dltŊþdtá
rt'Ŵlƃ. Pj+ cś;dų]lk y"ny"nfltŊþd]g ;'v'd;'v'df/ƙ)tfo pk¿kl/Ţĕgfg+ ;ƃt/flbefjá j]lbtƑá ;dfofdljŴf/fglƕ
jŴfg+ ;'ų;'v'dt/flbefjá ljo. gg' cefjf/ƙ)tfo tltof?ƍ+ ;ƃk)Lttá dgl; s/áƃƧ rt'Ŵf?ƍƧ sy+ tŴ
lgslƃkl/ofbfg+, sy+ r ;dltŊþdá jf xátLltĠ c;dfklşt'sĕdtfo, ;f r cųgá ;ƃk)Lttfo. oyf lx /fhĕ
bƃsĕ/flbl;lƍsĕg+ clt;'v'ddgfkl;ƍ+ lbƩf æ%]sĕ jltd] cfrl/ofÆlt t];+ %]stfo t'Ƨƃálk g t+ l;lƍsefj+ kŴ]lt, t+
;dltŊþƙ /fhefj] Pj ltŪlt, Pj+;ƕbldb+ bŪƑ+. Pj+ cf/ƙ)e]btá rt'lƑwfgƕ]t];+ k'g
klkbf/ƙ)flwkltxLglųse]b]lx k'Ƒ] j'ųgo]g]j kŝ]s+þ e]bá j]lbtƑá.
PŴ r ¿kfjr/rt'ŴŢĕglgslƃ kl/ofbfgb'ŋtfo k&df?ƍƧ, k&df?ƍflblgslƃkl/ofbfgb'ŋtfo
b'ltof?ƍfbLgť b'ŋklkbtf, kl/oflbŰlgslƃsƧ tbƍgfkl/jf;bƈtfo bƈfleţtf, ljkl/ofo]g Ot/f r j]lbtƑf.
kl/ųsl;)'Ŕfldfsĕ;d"nsĕg+ kg rt'Ɖ+ kl/ųf/ƙ)tf, ljkl/ofofg+ cƍdf)f/ƙ)tf j]lbtƑf. ¿kf¿kfjr/f kg]Ŵ
clwklt;lxtfj pƍşlƃ, g ljgf clwktLlx. sĕdfjr/f t' clwklt/lxtflk pƍşlƃ t] r cf/ƙ)flwklt
;xhĕtflwktLlt ƀ]lk nưlƃ. ¿kf¿kfjr/f kg ;xhĕtflwkltd]j, g]t/+. tŴ r %Ɔflwkltgf ;xhĕtf wƙf
%Ɔflwkt]Ɯf, %Ɔá kg clwklt Pj, g %Ɔflwkt]Ɯá. Ot/] kg clwkt]Ɯfj, gflwktoá cţƧ cųgf ;xhĕtƧ %ƆƧ,
Ot/];ť clwkltoŴƧ cefjf. PsƸƨ lx lrų'ƍfb] %ƆfbL;' rt";'lk ljşdfg];' oyfkŝo+ ;xhĕtflwklt Ps]ĕj nưlt.
Pj+ jLl/oflwkltofbL;'lk oyfg'¿k+ `ftƑ+. Pj+ lj;oflbƍe]btá ljlgŞoá `ftƑá.
c¿kfjr/s';nwƙf lglŪtf.
nás'ų/f kg s';nf dƮ;ƕoáue]btá rt'lƑwf. ;]Ɯlyb+ _ ;átfklųdƮ;ƕo'ų+ ;sbfuflddƮ;ƕo'ų+
cgfuflddƮ;ƕo'ų+ c/xųdƮ;ƕo'ųlƃ. gg' rt";'lk r]t];' dƮ;ƕoá±uëf ;dfgá cŪƉlƕ dƮśfg+ ;ƑŴ pƍlųtá sy+ tŴ
e]báltĠ cg';oƍxfg;řftƧ dƮlsŝƧ e]btá. cg';o] df/]ƃá uŞtLlt lx d±Ʈëf. dƮf lx oyf;s+þ cg';o] khxlƃ
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Pj, lgldųf j'Ūxlƃ, kjųť l%Ɔlƃ gfdflt j'ŝlƃ. lgldųlƃ r kťŋƈf, kjųlƃlk t] Pj. t+ b'ljw+ pkflbƉs+þ,
cg'kflbƉsť.
tŴlk ;átfklųd±Ʈëf lbŪfg';o+, ljlrlsŞfg';o+, tb]sŪ] r lsn];], t+;xhĕtflg lblŪ;ƕo'ųflg,
ljlrlsŞf;ƕo'ųťflt kťfs';nlrųflg r pƍşdfgáj ;d'Ŕft]lt, ;d'Ŕft]ƃá r ckfoejtá r]j ;'ultejtá r &k]ŷf ;ų
ej] tbj;];tá j'Ūflt tŴ ob]t+ k&ddƮfg'ƍlųo+ pƍşdfgf/x+ lblŪljlrlsŞf;ƕo'ųkťlrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+, t+ ¿kŋƈá,
tflg kť lrųflg ljţf)ŋƈá, t+;ƕo'ųf j]bgfboá Ot/] toá vƈf. Od] cg'kflbƉkťŋƈf cg'kflbƉlgldų+,
cg'kflbƉƍjų+ gfd. ttá k&dd±Ʈëf j'Ūflt, t+ l%Ɔlt gfd. ob]t+ ckfoej], ;'ultoť &k]ŷf ;ų ej] tbj;];] r
k&ddƮfg'ƍlųo+ cfoƸt pƍşdfgf/x+ sƙhŋƈkťs+þ, t+ pkflbƉlgldų+, pkflbƉƍjų+ gfd. ttá k&dd±Ʈëf j'Ūflt,
tť l%Ɔlt gfd. ttáj k&dd±Ʈëf cg';o+ khxƃáj lgldųf j'Ūxlt, kjųť l%Ɔlt gfdflt j]lbtƑ+. Pj+
Ot/d±Ʈë;'lk pkflbƉfg'kflbƉlgldųƍjų+ j'Ūfg+ l%Ɔg+ oyfg'¿k+ `ftƑ+.
;sbfufldd±Ʈëf kg cáńfl/ssĕd/fufg';o+, kl#fg';o+, tb]sŪ] r lsn];], t+;xhĕtflg r tyf kjųflg rųfl/
lblŪljƍo'ųflg, ƀ] r bádgƧ;xutfgLlt % cs';nlrųflg r pƍşdfgáj ;d'Ŕft]lt, ;d'Ŕft]ƃá r sĕd;'ulttá &k]ŷf
Psej+ tbj;];tá j'Ūflt, ktg'e"tfj t+;dlśgá sĕd/fuƓfkfbf clwdųf, t] r sbflr lj/ńfj pƍşƃLlt j]lbtƑf.
cgfufldd±Ʈëflk tfg]j tg';xutsĕd/fuƍl#fg';oj;]g pƍƉflg % lrųflg pƍşdfgáj ;d'Ŕft]lt, ;d'Ŕft]ƃá
r sĕdejtá j'Ūflt. c/xųd±Ʈëf kg ¿k/fuc¿k/fudfgfljşĕg';o], pźŝ+, tb]sŪ] ;Ƒ] lsn];] r t+;xhĕtflg rųfl/
lblŪljƍo'ųflg, pźŝ;xutťflt kťfs';nlrųflg r pƍşdfgáj ;d'Ŕft]lt, ;d'Ŕft]ƃá r ¿kf¿ktá, ;Ƒejtálk
j'Ūflt. ;];+ k&dd±Ʈë j'ųfg';f/tá j]lbtƑ+. Pj+ cg';oƍxfg;řftlsŝe]btá rt'Ɖ+ dƮfg+ e]bá j]lbtƑá.
tb]j+ dƮ;ƕoáue]btá rt'lƑw+, k'g ´fgś;ƕoáue]btá kŝ]s+þ kťljwf xálƃ. sy+Ġ k&ddƮ;ƕo'ų+ tfj
ljtŊþljrf/kLlt;'±vësƮtf;ƕo'ų+ k&dŢĕlgs+þ, ljrf/kLlt;'±vësƮtf;ƕo'ų+ b'ltoŢĕlgs+þ, kLlt;'±vësƮtf;ƕo'ų+ tltoŢĕlgs+þ,
;'±vësƮtf;ƕo'ų+ rt'ŴŢĕlgs+þ, pk]ŋ]sƮtf;ƕo'ų+ kťdŢĕlgsťflt kťljw+ xált. Pj+ b'ltodƮflb;ƕo'ųf rflt jL;ltljwf
xálƃ, PŴ r rt'Ŋþgoj;]g ;áń;ljwtflk oáh]tƑf. Ƹs kg]Ŵ Pj+ ´fgśoáue]bƧ lgofds+þ sĕ/)lƃĠ ;řf?k]ŋĕ`f)+.
tƸƨ lx j'ŪfgufldlgljkƧgfe"t] ;ádgƧ;xut] cl/odƮf kťdŢĕlgsĕ g pƍşlƃ, ;ádgƧ;xutf rt'ŊþŢĕlgsĕj pƍşlƃ,
pk]ŋĕ;xut] r rt'ŊþŢĕlgsĕ g pƍşlƃ, pk]ŋĕ;xutf kťdŢĕlgsĕj pƍşlƃ.
gg' r]Ŵ ;řf?k]ŋĕ`f)+ ;ádgƧ'k]ŋĕ;xutųf rt'ŊþkťdŢĕlgsĕg+ ;ádgƧ'k]ŋĕ;xutefjƧ lgofdsx]t',
ljtŊĕlbcś;dltŊþdtá kg g];+ b'ltoflbŢĕgefjƧ lgofds]þg cţ]g eljtƑ+. g lx ;řf?k]ŋĕ`f)+ ljtŊĕlbljsn+
pƍşlt. o]g t+ lgofds+þ ej]Ɯ, Ƹs t+ lgofdssĕ/)lƃĠ kfbsŢĕg+, ;ƙl;tŢĕg+ jf. ¿kf¿kfjr/];' lx o+ o+ ´fg+
;dfklşŷf tt'Ūfo o] s]þlr klsŰs;řf/] ;ƙl;ŷf o] d±Ʈë pƍfb]lt, t] ;Ƒ] t+t+´fg;lb;fj xálƃ. o+ o+ jf kg ´fg+,
t+;ƕo'ų] r clgŝflbtá ljklƧŷf o] o] d±Ʈë pƍfb]lt, t] r t+t+´fg;lb;fj xálƃ e"ldjŰ;lb;jŰf ±uëfwf ljo. tŴ r
;'ŋljkƧsƧ pƍƉdƮflk, ;dfklųnflegf ´fg+ kfbs+þ csŷf c;ƙl;ŷfj pƍflbtdƮflk k&dŢĕg+ kfbs+þ sŷf t+ t+ jf
;ƙl;ŷf pƍflbtdƮflk ;Ƒ] Ps;lb;f k&dŢĕlgsĕj xálƃ. g lx nás'ų/d±Ʈëf cƍg+ cƍųá gfd clŴ.
b'ltotltort'ŴŢĕgflg kfbsĕlg sŷf jf tŴ ut] wƙ] ;ƙl;ŷf jf pƍflbtdƮf oyfŊþd+ rt'/lśsĕ, ltjlśsĕ, b'jlśsĕ r
xálƃ. kťdŢĕg+, kg cf?ƍŢĕgflg r kfbs+þ sŷf jf tŴ ut] wƙ] ;ƙl;ŷf jf pƍflbtdƮf pk]ŋ]sƮtfj;]g b'jlśsĕj
xálƃ. Pt];ť kťƉ+ ´flgsĕglƕ k'Ƒef±uë ljkƧgf ;ádgƧ;xutflk xált pk]ŋĕ;xutflk, j'ŪfgufldgL kg ljkƧgf
rt'ŊþŢĕlgsĕg+ ;ádgƧ;xutf xált. kťdŢĕlgsĕg+ kg pk]ŋĕ;xutfjflt tb]j kfbsŢĕg+, ;ƙl;tŢĕg+ jf lgofdssĕ/)lƃ
j]lbtƑ+. Pj+ ;ƕoáutá ljlgŞoá.
wƙ'Ź];flbtá kg k&dŢĕlgs]þ;' tfj rt";' sĕdfjr/k&ds';n] j'ųwƙ];' &k]ŷf s?)fd'lbtf ;ųƸt; wƙf
xálƃ. lj/ltoá kg]Ŵ lgotf, kflńoť ‘w0;0277’ ¿k]g lglŹŪf, %Ɔfboá r rųf/á o]jfkgsĕlt j]lbtƑf.
;śxjf/] kg aálwklŋowƙ];' k'Ƒ] ;ślxtfj;];fg+ ;ltkŪfg;ƙƍwfgOlźkfbaáŢśfg+ j;]g clt/]sĕ rųf/á
;śxf j]lbtƑf. k&dŢĕlgsdƮ;ƕo'ų];' lx wƙ];' ;lt pkŪfgŪ]g ;ltkŪfg+, ;f lj;oe]b]g rt'lƑwf, Ot/]
cƧltkŪfgflt ;Ƒ]j t] lƀwf xálƃ. tyf jLl/o+ kbxgŪ]g ;ƙƍwfg+, t+ lsŝe]b]g rt'lƑw+, Ot/] c;ƙƍwfgflt.
tyf %Ɔá jLl/o+ lrų+ cdáxált rųf/á wƙf OŢgsŪ]g oyfŊþd+ æ%lƆlźkfbá jLl/olrųjLd+l;lźkfbáÆlt gfd]g
æOlźkfbfÆlt j'ŝlƃ, Ot/] æclglźkfbfÆlt. tyf ;lt cdáxá jLl/o+ kLlt kƧlź ;dflw tŶdŢųtflt Od] ;ų wƙf
a'ŢgŪ]g oyfŊþd+ æ;lt;ƗáŢśá wƙljro;ƗáŢśá jLl/okLltkƧlź;dflwpk]ŋĕ;ƗáŢśáÆlt j'ŝlƃ, Ot/] caáŢśflt Pj+
rųf/á ;śxf.
;];+ ;Ƒ+ nŋ)flbtá kŪfo ;'ţtjf/kl/oá;fg+ sĕdfjr/k&ds';n] j'ų;lb;d]j s]þjn+ kg dƮś;śx]
æcŪlśs]ĕ d±Ʈëf xátLÆlt ‘w0;0337’ kbefhgLo] ;¿k]g]j lglŹŪ+, OlƇo;śx] klţlƇoŪfg] k&ddƮƧ
cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+ ux]ŷf Ot/dƮfg+ clţlƇo+ ux]ŷfj clŪlƇolƃ clŪlƇotf, ;ƑŴ nás'ų/tf r lj;];á, ;];+
tflb;d]j. k&dŢĕlgsĕ rųf/á dƮf.
tyf b'ltoŢĕlgs]þ;'lk s]þjn+ wƙ'Ź];] ljtŊĕefjá, ;śxjf/] rt'/śŢĕgtf, ;ųśdƮtf r lj;];á, ;];+
k&dŢĕlgs;lb;d]j. b'ltoŢĕlgsdƮf.
tyf tltoŢĕlgs]þ;'lk s]þjn+ wƙ'Ź];] ljrf/fefjá, ;śxjf/] ltjlśsŢĕgtf r lj;];á, ;];+
b'ltoŢĕlgs;lb;d]j. tltoŢĕlgsdƮf.
tyf rt'ŴŢĕlgs]þ;'lk s]þjn+ wƙ'Ź];] kLltof cefjá, s]ĕŪf;jf/] b'jlśsŢĕgtf, %ńlśsaáŢśtf r lj;];á, ;];+
tltoŢĕlgs;lb;d]j. rt'ŴŢĕlgsdƮf.
57
tyf kťdŢĕlgs]þ;'lk s]þjn+ ;ƑŴ j]bgfkl/jųgd]j lj;];á, ;];+ rt'ŴŢĕlgs;lb;d]j. kťdŢĕlgsdƮf. Pj+
wƙ'Ź];flbtá ljlgŞoá.
lj;oflbƍe]btá kg ;Ƒ]lk nás'ų/s';nf cf/ƙ)tá lgƑfgf/ƙ)fj, tƨf g ttá g];+ e]bá, klkbflbe]btá
kg k'Ƒ] j'ųgo]g kŝ]s+þ e]bá j]lbtƑá. PŴ r oá gfd¿kkl/Ʈxtá kŪfo lsndƃá ljkƧg+ cf/leŷf b'ŋ]g sl;/]g
lsn];] ljŋƘ]lt, tƧ b'ŋĕ klkbf xált. oá kg ljŋlƘtlsn];á, ;á ljkƧgfkl/jf;+ jf;]ƃá lr/]g dƮkft'efj+
kfk')flt, tƧ bƈfleţf xált. Oldgf go]g Ot/f ltƧálk klkbfleţfoá j]lbtƑf. oyf r klkbflbe]btá, Pj+
ljdáŋe]btálk kŝ]s+þ lƀwf xálƃ _ ;'ţtljdáŋ]ĕ cƍl)lxtljdáŋ]ĕlt.
tŴ ;'ţtlƃ, cƍl)lxtlƃ r nás'ų/dƮƧ gfd+. ;á lx cfudgtá ;u')tá cf/ƙ)tált tLlx sĕ/±)ëlx gfd+
nelt. sy+Ġ Ow leŋ' ljkƧgfsƙŪflgs]ĕ cflbtá kŪfo æclgŝ+ b'ŋdgųfÆlt ltljw+ cg'kƧg+ cf/ák]ŷf ;ƙ;ƃá
ljr/lt, ;rƧ j'ŪfgufldlgljkƧgf t]e"ds]þ ;řf/] cgųtá ljkƧlt, co+ cų;'ţtfbƧgŪ]g ;'ţtf gfd xált. ;r]
b'ŋtá ljkƧlt, co+ tŲfkl)lw/lxtŪ]g cƍl)lxtf gfd xált, tf peálk cfudgLoŪfg] &ŷf cųgá cųgá dƮƧ oyfŊþd+
;'ţtd±Ʈëf cƍl)lxtd±Ʈëflt gfd+ b]lƃ. Pj+ cfudgtá gfdnfeá j]lbtƑá. gg' ;'ųƃ];' ;r] j'ŪfgufldlgljkƧgf
clgŝtá kƧlt, tƧf j;]g d±Ʈëf clgldųljdáŋ]ĕ xátLlt sŷf toá ljdáŋĕ slytfltĠ ;ŝ+, clk r ±vëf kl/ofotá
slytf, lgƍl/ofotá kg ;olƕ ;lgldųf cųgá dƮƧ clgldųgfd+ bft'+ c;Ŋ'þ±)ëƜtfo ƀ] Pj ljdáŋĕ xáƃLlt. ltƧálk
lx ljkƧgf lgŝlgldų+, ;'vlgldųť pŔfg]g clgldųjáxf/+ nelƃ, ltƧálk lgldųe"t];' vƈ];' r/)tá ;lgldųfj,
tƨf ;o+ cfudgLoŪfg] &ŷf cųgá dƮƧ lgƍl/ofotá clgldųgfd+ bft'+ g ;Ŋþálƃ. oƨf kg d±Ʈëf ;o+ /fufbLlx ;'ţá,
/fuflblgldųkl)lw/lxtá r, tƨf ;u'±)ëg]j ;'ţtgfd+, cƍl)lxtgfdť nelt. PjdƧ ;u')tá gfdnfeá j]lbtƑá.
oƨf kg lgƑfg+ /fufbLlx, ;řf/]lx r ;'ţųf, /fuflblgldųkl)lw/lxtųf r æ;'ţt+, clgldų+, cƍl)lxtÆlƃ r
j'ŝlt, tƨf t+ cf/ƙ)+ sŷf pƍƉd±Ʈëflk æ;'ţtá, clgldųá, cƍl)lxtáÆlt r gfd+ nelt. Pj+ cf/ƙ)tá gfdnfeá
j]lbtƑá.
t];' Ow cfudgtáj d±Ʈëf gfd+ nelt, g ;u')tá, gflk cf/ƙ)tá, ;u')f/ƙ)tá gfdnfeƧ ;'ųƃ];'
kl/ofob]l;tųf. t]gj] x]Ŵ dƮfg+ ;u')f/ƙ)tálk clgldųljdáŋt+ cƮx]ŷf ;'ţtcƍl)lxtljdáŋtfj cfudgtá j'ųf,
tťfudg+ b'ljw+ ljkƧgfudg+, dƮfudgť. tŴ ljkƧgfudgtá d±Ʈëf r ;'ţtflbgfd+ nelt, dƮfudgtá r net]j,
Ow kg dƮƧ clwƍ]tųf ljkƧgfudgtáj j]lbtƑ+. Pj+ ljdáŋe]btá kŝ]s+þ lƀwf xálƃ. Pj+ lj;oflbƍe]btá
ljlgŞoá.
nás'ų/s';nwƙf lglŪtf.
lglŪtf r dáxljŞ]blgof gfd
clewƙdfltsŴ;+jŰgfo
æs';nf wƙfÆlt kbƧ cŴjŰgf.
cs';nkbŴá
náed"njŰgf
cs';nf kg wƙf e"ldtá Psljwf sĕdfjr/fj, ;ƕoáutá kg d"nj;]g ltljwf xálƃ náed"nf bá;d"nf
dáxd"nflt. tŴ náed"nf cŪljwf ;ádgƧ;xut+ lblŪut;ƕo'ų+ c;řf/+, tyf ;;řf/+, ;ádgƧ;xut+ lblŪutljƍo'ų+
c;řf/+, tyf ;;řf/+, pk]ŋĕ;xut+ lblŪut;ƕo'ų+ c;řf/+, tyf ;;řf/+, pk]ŋĕ;xut+ lblŪutljƍo'ų+ c;řf/+, tyf
;;řf/lƃ.
tŴ OŪf/ƙ±)ë náeax'ntfbLlx sĕ/±)ëlx ;ádgƧ;xuttf, c;źƙ;jgcsƠf)ldųtfbLlx lblŪ;ƕo'ųtf r
j]lbtƑf. obf lx æglŴ sĕd];' cfbLgjáÆltcflbgf go]g ldŞflbƸŪ k'/ŋŷf xŪt'Ūá sĕd] jf kl/e'ŧlt, lbŪdśnfbLlg
jf ;f/tá kŝ]lt ;efjltŋ]g]j cg'Ƨflxt]g lrų]g, tbf k&d+ cs';nlrų+ pƍşlt. obf dƆ]g ;d'Ƨflxt]g, tbf
b'lto+. obf ldŞflbƸŪ ck'/ŋŷf s]þjn+ xŪt'Ūá d]y'g+ jf ;]jlt, k/;ƕƸų jf cleŢĕolt, k/eů+ jf x/lt
;efjltŋ]gfg'Ƨflxt]g, tbf tlto+. obf ;d'Ƨflxt]g, tbf rt'Ŵ+. obf kg sĕdfg+ jf c;ƕƸų cfuƙ, cţ];+ jf
58
;ádgƧx]t"g+ cefj]g rt";'lk ljsƍ];' ;ádgƧ/lxttf xált, tbf ;];flg rųfl/ pk]ŋĕ;xutflg pƍşƃLlt co+
;ƕoáutá ljlgŞoá.
wƙ'Ź];tá kg k&dfs';n] tfj lgotf kflńo+ ;¿k]gfutf ;áń;, o]jfkgsj;]g rųf/ált jL;lt wƙf xálƃ.
sy+Ġ mþƧá j]bgf ;ţf r]tgf lrų+ ljtŊþá ljrf/á kLlt jLl/o+ PsƮtf hËljt+ clxl/s+þ cgáųƍ+ náeá dáxá ldŞflbŪLlt
Od] ;¿k]gfutf ;áń; wƙf, %Ɔá clwdáŋ]ĕ dgl;sĕ/á pźŝlƃ Od] o]jfkgsĕ rųf/ált. kbefhgLo] kg k'Ƒ] j'ųgo]g]j
æmþƧkťs+þ ´fgśkťs+þ jLl/o;dflwdgá;ádgƧhËljtj;]g OlƇoflg kť, ldŞflblŪ;Řƍjfofd;dflwj;]g dƮśflg
rųfl/, jLl/o;dflwclxl/sĕgáųƍj;]g anflg rųfl/, náeá dáxált ƀ] d"nflg, cleŢĕ ldŞflbŪLlt ƀ] sƙkyflg,
clxl/s+þ cgáųƍlƃ násgf;b's+þ, ;d±yëf kƮfxá cljŋ]ká rflt Pj+ ;¿k]gfutfg+ ƀƸų;wƙfg+ ;áń;;' Pj ;dj/á±wëf,
;ljelųsĕljelųse]bá r sĕdfjr/k&ds';n] j'ųfg';f/tá `ftƑá. co+ wƙ'Ź];tá ljlgŞoá.
nŋ)flbljefutá kg g lx/LotLlt clxl/s]ĕ, clxl/sƧ efjá clxl/Ŋ+þ, g cáųƍ+ cgáųƍ+. t];' clxl/Ŋ+þ
sĕob'ŝl/tfbLlx clhu'Şgnŋ)+, cnşĕnŋ)+ jf, cgáųƍ+ t]x]j c;f/şgnŋ)+, cg'ųf;nŋ)+ jf, ;];+ lxl/cáųƍfg+
j'ųƍlkŋj;]g j]lbtƑ+.
n'ưlt t]g, ;o+ jf n'ưlt, n'ưgdųd]j jf tlƃ náeá. ;á cf/ƙ)ux)nŋ±)ëf dŊþfn]ká ljo, cle;ś/;á
tųskfn] lvųd+;k]l; ljo, ckl/ŝfukŝ'kŪfgá t]nŧg/f±uëf ljo, ;ţáhgLowƙ];' cƧfbbƧgkbŪfgá. tŲfglbefj]g
jŬdfgá ;L#;átf gbL ljo dxf;d'Ź+ ckfod]j ux]ŷf uŞtLlt bŪƑá.
d'ƞlƃ t]g, ;o+ jf d'ƞlt, d'ƞgdųd]j jf tlƃ dáxá. ;á lrųƧ cƈsĕ/nŋ±)ëf, cţf)nŋ±)ëf jf,
c;ƕlj]w/;á, cf/ƙ);efjŞfbg/;á jf, c;ƙfklklųkŝ'kŪfgá, cƈsĕ/kŝ'kŪfgá jf, coálg;ádgl;sĕ/kbŪfgá,
;Ƒfs';nfg+ d"nlƃ bŪƑá.
ldŞf kƧlƃ tfo, ;o+ jf ldŞf kƧlt, ldŞfbƧgdųd]j jf P;flt ldŞflblŪ. ;f coálg;á clelgj];nŋ)f,
k/fdf;/;f, ldŞflelgj];kŝ'kŪfgf, cl/ofg+ cbƧgsĕdtflbkbŪfgf, k/d+ jşlƃ bŪƑf.
pźtefjá pźŝ+. t+ cj"k;dnŋ)+, cgjŪfg/;+, eƃtfkŝ'kŪfg+, coálg;ádgl;sĕ/kbŪfg+, lrųljŋ]kált
bŪƑá. ;];á kg]Ŵ ;'ţtjf/kl/oá;fgá ;Ƒálk ljlgŞoá s';nflwsĕ/] j'ųfg';f/tá j]lbtƑá. s]þjn+ ;śxjf/] kflńo+
cfutj;]g klťlƇotf, rt'/śdƮtf, rt'lƑwantf, ƀ]x]t'tf, ;ƑŴ cs';nefjá r lj;];á, ;];+ tflb;d]j.
k&dfs';n+ lglŪt+.
oyf r k&d], Pj+ b'lto]lk ;;řf/tf, o]jfkgs]þ;' lygldźfg+ ;Ƙjá, lgottf r lj;];á. tŴ lyggtf
lyg+, ldźgtf ldź+, cg'Ƨfxg;+;Lbgtf, ;lųlj#ftá rflt cŴá. tŴ lyg+ cg'Ƨfxnŋ)+, jLl/oljgábg/;+,
;+;Lbgkŝ'kŪfg+. ldź+ csƙţtfnŋ)+, cágxg/;+, nLgtfkŝ'kŪfg+, krnflosĕlgŹfkŝ'kŪfg+ jf, peolƕ
c/lttlƆljhlƘsĕbL;' coálg;ádgl;sĕ/kbŪfg+. b'lto+.
tlto] ;Ƒálk ljlgŞoá k&dfs';n] j'ųgoáj. s]þjn+ lblŪof cefjá, o]jfkgs]þ;' dfgƧ ;Ƙjá, clgottf
r, ;śxjf/] ltjlśsdƮtf r lj;];á, ;];+ tflb;d]j. tŴ dţtLlt dfgá. ;á pŰltnŋ±)ëf, ;ƕƮx/;á,
s]þt'sƚtfkŝ'kŪfgá, lblŪljƍo'ųnáekbŪfgá, pƙfbá ljo bŪƑá. tlto+.
oyf r tlto], Pj+ rt'Ŵ]lk. lygldźť]Ŵ ;;řf/tf r clwsĕ, ;];+ tflb;d]j. rt'Ŵ+.
kťd%Ū;ųdŪd];' ;ádgƧŪfg] pk]ŋĕ;Ƙjá, kLltof r cefjá, ttá Pj ;śxjf/] rt'/śŢĕgtf r lj;];á,
;];+ ;Ƒ+ k&db'ltotltort'Ŵlrų;lb;d]j.
náed"nf lglŪtf.
bá;d"njŰgf
bá;d"nf kg lƀwf bádgƧ;xut+ kl#;ƕo'ų+ c;řf/+, tyf ;;řf/+. Pj+ ;ƕoáutá. wƙ'Ź];flbtá kg
k&d] tfj k&dfs';n] j'ų];' kLltnáelblŪoá jş]ŷf bá;+ o]jfkgs]þ;' clgotflg OƧfdŞl/os'Ŋ'þŝflg, ;ádgƧŪfg]
bádgƧť klŋlkŷf PsjL;lt wƙf xálƃ. o]jfkgsĕ r]Ŵ ;ų. tŴ b'Ƨlƃ t]g, ;o+ jf b'Ƨlt, b'Ƨgdųd]j jf tlƃ
bá;á. ;á rlůŊþnŋ±)ëf kxf;Llj;á ljo, lj;ƍg/;á lj;lgkftá ljo, cųgá lgƧobxg/;á jf bfjlƮ ljo,
b'Ƨgkŝ'kŪfgá nźásĕ;á ljo ;kųá, cf#ftjŴ'kbŪfgá, lj;;+;Ūk"ltd'ų+ ljo bŪƑá. OƧfogf OƧf. ;f k/;ƕųLg+
p;"ognŋ)f, tŴ]j cgle/lt/;f, ttá ljd'vefjkŝ'kŪfgf, k/;ƕlųkbŪfgf, ;ţáhglƃ bŪƑf. dŞ]/efjá
dŞl/o+. t+ nźfg+ jf nletƑfg+ jf cųgá ;ƕųLg+ lgu"xgnŋ)+, tf;ţ]j k/]lx ;fwf/)efjcŋdg/;+,
;Řárgkŝ'kŪfg+, s'sť'stfkŝ'kŪfg+ jf, cų;ƕlųkbŪfg+, r]t;á lj¿kefjált bŪƑ+. s'lŞt+ st+ s'st+, tƧ efjá
s'Ŋ'þŝ+. t+ kŞfg'tfknŋ)+, stfstfg';árg/;+, ljƍl;f/kŝ'kŪfg+, stfstkbŪfg+, bf;Ɠldj bŪƑ+. ;śxjf/] b'ŋ]g
;Ƹź rt'/śŢĕgtf, bádgƧ]g klťlƇotf, ltjlśsdƮtf, bá;dáxj;]g lƀx]t'stf r j]lbtƑf. ;];á kg ;Ƒá ljlgŞoá
k&dfs';n] j'ų;lb;á Pj. oyf r k&d], Pj+ b'lto]lk, ;;řf/tf kg lygldź]lx ;Ƹź gjo]jfkgstf r lj;];á, ;];+
tflb;d]j.
bá;d"nf lglŪtf.
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dáxd"njŰgf
dáxd"nflk lƀwf pk]ŋĕ;xut+ ljlrlsŞf;ƕo'ų+, tyf pźŝ;ƕo'ųlƃ. tŴ k&d] wƙ'Ź];tá tfj mþƧkťs+þ
ljtŊþá ljrf/á jLl/o+ PsƮtf hËljt+ clxl/s+þ cgáųƍ+ dáxá ljlrlsŞflt ;¿k]gfutf r'Ź; pźŝ+ dgl;sĕ/ált
o]jfkgsĕ ƀ] rflt ;áń; wƙf xálƃ, PsƮtf r]Ŵ lrųlŪltdųf, OlƇodƮanefj+ g ;ƕfk')flt. ttá Pj ;śxjf/]
;dfƸw jş]ŷf pk]ŋĕo ;Ƹź rųfl/ OlƇoflg, ƀ] dƮśflg, tLl) anflg xálƃ. dáxá kg]Ŵ Ps]ĕj x]t'. ;];á kg]Ŵ ;Ƒá
ljlgŞoá j'ųgoá Pj.
tŴ ljutf lrlsŞf PltƧflt ljlrlsŞf. ;f ;+;onŋ)f, sƕg/;f, clgŞokŝ'kŪfgf, cg]s+þ;efjkŝ'kŪfgf
jf, coálg;ádgl;sĕ/kbŪfgf, klklųcƃ/fos/flt bŪƑf. oyf r ljlrlsŞf;ƕo'ų], Pj+ pźŝ;ƕo'ų]lk. s]þjn+
ljlrlsŞfo cefjá, clwdáŋƧ r efjá, ttá Pj anjt/;dflwtf, t]g]j ;śxjf/] ;dflwgf ;Ƹź klťlƇotf,
ltjlśsdƮtf, rt'Ƒntf r xált. pźŝť]Ŵ ;¿k]g]j lglŹŪ+, clwdáŋdgl;sĕ/f ƀ] o]jfkgsj;]gflt co+ lj;];á, ;];+
tflb;d]j. Odflg kg ƀ] lrųflg gfgflj;o], Pslj;o] r c;Ůxgtá kjũgsĕlg. pźŝ;xut+ lx nźflwdáŋtfo
nźkltŪ+ Psĕ/ƙ±)ëo]j kltŪfo kltŪfo kjũlt rt'/Ƨdl) ljo, Ot/+ gfgf/ƙ±)ë;' jũdl) ljoflt bŪƑ+.
pźŝ;xutť &k]ŷf ;];f Psĕb; kl;Ƹƈ hg]ƃLlt j]lbtƑ+.
lj;oflbƍe]btá kg]t] ƀfb;lk jŴf/ƙ)j;]g tfj %lƑwf xálƃ. t];' náedáxd"nf kg b; kťƀf/]
xbojŴ'+ lgƧfo]j, dgáƀf/] lgƧfo jf clgƧfo jf hjglsŝ+ ;fwodfgf %lƑwf. tyf bá;d"nf lgƧfo]j kg kjųlƃ.
náed"nf kg clbƉfbfgsĕdldŞfrf/d';fjfbk];'ţ;ƖþƍnfkfleŢĕ;řftfg+ %Ɖ+ sƙkyfg+ j;]g %lƑwf. lblŪ;ƕo'ųf kg]Ŵ
ldŞflblŪj;]gfkLlt ;ųljwf xálƃ. bá;d"nf kg kf)flekftflbƉfbfgd';fjfbk];'ţmþ?;;ƖþƍnfkƓfkfbj;]g ;ųljwf
xálƃ. b;Ɖlƕ kg];+ ƀf/sƙj;]g r]j jLd+;fjlştflwkltųoj;]g r s';n] j'ųgo]g ljef±uëf j]lbtƑá. PsƃxLgųf
xLglųse]bá glŴ. cf/ƙ)flwklt kg]Ŵ náed"n];' Pj, g Ot/];', dáxd"n];' kg ;xhĕtflwkltlk glŴ, tyf
sƙkye]bálk. g lx kjũdfg+ slť clwkƸt s/ált. bá;á jf ;lj;o+, ljlrlsŞflrųť klklųdƃ/fos/ų]g
b'ŝl/tx]t'e"tlƕ kf)fltkftfbLg+ bá;náed"nlrų]x]j ;lƉŪfklgotá sƙkye]b+ g uŞlt, k'Ƒef±uë Pj kg x]t' xált.
t]gj] Ƨ ckfox]t'tf k&ddƮjŢtflt bŪƑ+. ctLtflbe]btá kg ƀfb;Ɖ+ kŝ]sdgƃtf, ;];á r ljlgŞoá s';nflwsĕ/]
j'ųgo]g]j j]lbtƑált.
cs';nf wƙf lglŪtf.
cƓfstkbŴá
cx]t'ss';nljkfsjŰgf
cƓfstf kg wƙf hĕlttá rt'lƑwf ljkfslsl/o¿klgƑfgj;]g. tŴ ljkfsĕƓfstf wƙf hĕlttá r lƀwf xálƃ
s';nfs';nljkfsj;]g. tŴ s';nljkfsĕ e"ldtá rt'lƑwf sĕd¿kf¿kfjr/nás'ų/ljkfsj;]g. tŴ sĕdfjr/ljkfsĕ
cx]t'sĕ ;x]t'sĕlt b'ljwf. tŴ cnáeflb;xhĕtx]t'lj/lxtf cx]t'sĕ. t] ;ƕoáujŴf/ƙ)flbe]btá cŪljwf. ;]Ɯlyb+ _
pk]ŋĕ;xut+ rŋ'ljţf)+, tyf ;át#fglhƢfljţf)+, ;'v;xut+ sĕoljţf)+, pk]ŋĕ;xutf dgáwft', ;ádgƧ;xutf
dgáljţf)wft', tyf pk]ŋĕ;xutf rflt. rŋ'ljţf)fbLlg lx rųfl/ rŋ'k;fbfbL;' rt";' pkfbfo¿k];' pkfbfo¿kfg+
#ũgflg#+;Ƨ lkr'lků] lkr'lkůƧ]jfltb'Ƒntfo pk]ŋĕj]bgf;ƕo'ųfg]j xálƃ. sĕoljţf)+ kg sĕlolƇo]
mþáŪƑe"tųo#ũgflg#+;Ƨ clws/l)dŴs]þ &lktlkr'lků] s"þkxf/Ƨ]j anjtfo k;fblgƧo];'lk e"t];' kl#ft;Ƙjtá
;'v;xut+ xált, dgáwft' cųgá ux)b'Ƒntfo cltOŪ]lk pk]ŋĕ;xutfj, dgáljţf)wft' kg cltOŪ] ;ádgƧ;xutf,
OŪdŢų] pk]ŋĕ;xutflt co+ ;ƕoáutá ljlgŞoá.
wƙ'Ź];flbtá kg rŋ'ljţf±)ë tfj mþƧkťs+þ, PsƮtf, hËljtlƃ ;¿k]gfutf ;ų, o]jfkgsj;]g dgl;sĕ/á Ps]ĕ
rflt cŪ wƙf xálƃ. ;śxtá kg]Ŵ vƈfotgwft'cfxfl/lƇoj;]g kť]j;śxf. tŴ rŋ'ljţf)wft'wƙwft'j;]g
wft';śxá, dgá pk]ŋĕhËljltlƇoj;]g OlƇo;śxá r j]lbtƑá. ;];+ j'ųgod]j. PŴ r ljşdfgflk j]bgf ´fgśt+ g
uŞlt, OlƇo+ kg xált. PsƮtf OlƇodƮśanefjlƕ g uŞlt cltb'Ƒnųf. ljtŊþklŞds+þ lx ´fg+, x]t'klŞds]ĕ d±Ʈëf,
anť. oyf r]Ŵ, Pj+ ;át#fglhƢfsĕoljţf±)ë;'lk. s]þjn+ kg ;śxjf/] ;átljţf)wft'cflbj;]g wft';śxá, sĕoljţf±)ë
j]bgfkl/jųgť lj;];á. oyf r]Ŵ, Pj+ dgáwft'oflk. s]þjn+ kg ljtŊþljrf/f ƀ] o]jfkgsĕ r clwdáŋ]ĕlt toá wƙf
clwsĕ. ;śxjf/] dgáwft'wƙwft'j;]g wft';śxá, ljtŊþljrf?k]ŋ]sƮtflx rt"lx ´fgś;śxá r lj;];á. kflńo+ kg]Ŵ
lsťflk ´fgś;śxá g pźá, tyflk ;ljtŊ]þ;' lgod]g ´fgśtf;Ƙjtá ux]tƑáj. oyf r]Ŵ, Pj+
dgáljţf)wft'ƀo]lk. ;ádgƧ;xuttfo kg]Ŵ kLlt clwsĕ, ;śxjf/] r kťśŢĕgtf, j]bgfkl/jųg+, peoŴflk
60
dgáljţf)wft'wƙwft'j;]g wft';śxá r lj;];á, ;];+ tflb;d]j.
lj;oflbƍe]btá kg rŋ'ljţf)fbLlg kť oyfŊþd+ rŋĕlbPs]þsd]j jŴ'+ lgƧfo kŝ'ƍƉ], OŪ] r ¿kflbPs]þsĕ/ƙ±)ë
Pj lsl/odgáwft'cgƃ/+ cfnásĕsĕ;jfo'hnkyjL;xsĕ/Llg k;fbsĕbLlg bƧg;jg#fog;fogm'þ;glsŝflg ;fwodfgflg
rŋ'ƀf/fbL;' Ps]þsƸƨ Pj ljkŝlƃ. Pjd]t];+ jŴ'ƀf/f/ƙ)lsŝflg lj;'+ lgotflg. &fg+ kg t];+ kťƉlƕ Psd]j, t]g
g];+ g e]bá. dgáwft' kg xbojŴ'+ lgƧfo]j kŝ'ƍƉ];' ¿kfbL;' kť;'lk cf/ƙ±)ë;' kťljţf)fgƃ/+ ;ƕlŞglsŝ+
;fwodfgf kť;'lk ƀf/];' kjųlt, ;ádgƧ;xutf dgáljţf)wft' kg xbojŴ'+ lgƧfo]j cltOŪ] kŝ'ƍƉ] kťf/ƙ±)ë
ljkfsdgáwft'cgƃ/+ ;ƃL/)lsŝ+, %;'lk ƀf/];' %;' anjsĕdfjr/f/ƙ±)ë;' ctLtfbL;' hjgfgƃ/+ tbf/ƙ)lsŝť
;fwodfgf ljkŝlt. Pjd]ltƧf ƀf/f/ƙ)lsŝŪfgflg clgaźflg, ttá t]lx e]bá xált, jŴ' kg tŴ]j lgaź+, ttá g
e]bá, Pjd'k]ŋĕ;xutfolk. s]þjn+ kg];f ƀf/ljlgd'ųflk x'ŷf ;'ulto+ hŝƈalw/hŝ'ƙųsĕbLg+ kl;lƈsĕn]
k'l/dr'ltlrųfgƃ/+ sƙan]gáklŪt+ sƙsƙlgldųultlgldų];' cţt/+ ctLtflbe]b+ %lƑwlƕ sĕdfjr/f/ƙ)df/ư
kl;lƈlsŝ+, tbgƃ/tá kŪfo ofjtfo's+þ ejślsŝ+, cƃ] r'ltlsŝť, j'ųgo]g ;ƃL/)tbf/ƙ)lsŝflg r ;fwodfgf
Od];' kť;' &fg];' ljkŝtLlt co+ lj;];á, ;];+ tflb;d]j.
PŴ r jwaƈflbj;ƍjų] clgŪf/ƙ±)ë vlƃkl;řfgflbj;]g s';n'ƍlųtá tlƉƑųfg+ kl;lƈcflbljţf)fg+
sƙlgldųť] cf/ƙ)+ xált, clgŪ]g]j t]g eljtƑ+. Pj+ OŪlj;o] pƍƉfg+ s';nljkfsĕg+ clgŪf/ƙ±)ë;' cg'ƍlųtá
sƙultlgldųd]j t];+ cf/ƙ)+ xátLlt ljţfolt. ljrf/]ŷf oyf clj/á±wëf xált, tyf ux]tƑ+. Pj+ OŪlj;o]
pƍƉs';ntá lgƑųfglƕ kl;lƈcflbljţf)fg+ sƙlgldųf/ƙ)tfo clj/á±wëf `ftƑá. ctLtflbe]btá kg cŪƉlƕ
kŝ]sdgƃ/tf x]Ūf j'ųgo]g ux]tƑf.
cx]t'ss';nljkfsĕ lglŪtf.
;x]t'ss';nljkfsjŰgf
cnáeflbljkfsx]t';ƕo'ųf kg ;x]t'sĕ, t] ;ƕoáutá sĕdfjr/s';nf ljo cŪljwf. ;ádgƧ`f)flb;ƕoá±uëf
kg]Ŵ cfudgflbtá j]lbtƑá. ltx]t's+þ lx sĕdfjr/s';n+ ltx]t'slƀx]t'skl;lƈoá bŷf kjų] %;' ƀf/];' ;áń; ljkfsĕlg
b]lt, b'x]t's+þ kg s';n+ b'x]t'sĕx]t'skl;lƈoá bŷf kjų] %;' ƀf/];' ltx]t's/lxtflg ƀfb; ljkfsĕlg b]lt.
c;řfl/s;;řfl/sefjá kg]Ŵ kŝolj;];tálk xált. anjkŝo]gflk lx pƍƉ+ c;řfl/s+þ xált, b'Ƒn]gflk Ot/+. s]þlr
kg c;řfl/s]þg ;;řf/ljkfsĕg+, ;;řfl/s]þg r c;řfl/sĕg+ pƍƸų g OŞlƃ. oƨf kg]tflg kl;lƈbfostá cţ]gflk
sƙ]g kjų] cs';nljkfsĕlg kjųlƃ, kŪfg] r æ;x]t's+þ ejś+ cx]t'sƧ ejśƧ cgƃ/kŝo]g kŝoáÆlt ‘kŪf03=1=102’
j'ų+, tƨf cx]t'skl;lƈsƧ k'ƮnƧ ;'ulto+ kjų] ;x]t'sĕlglk ljkfsĕlg kjųlƃ. b'Ʈlto+, kg ¿kfjr/e"ldoť
cx]t'sĕg]j kjųlƃ. t];'lk cltOŪ] cf/ƙ±)ë ;ádgƧ;xutflg, OŪdŢų] pk]ŋĕ;xutfgLlt Pj+ cfudgflbtá ;ƕoáue]bá
j]lbtƑá.
wƙ'Ź];flbtá kg ofj ;'ţtjf/kl/oá;fgf sĕdfjr/s';n;lb;áj ;Ƒá ljlgŞoá, s]þjnť]Ŵ o]jfkgs]þ;'
s?)fd'lbtf g ;lƃ ;ųf/ƙ)ųf. Psƃkl/ųf/ƙ)f lx sĕdfjr/ljkfsĕ. lj/ltoák]Ŵ nálso];' Psƃs';n;efjųf g
;lƃ. ækťl;ŋĕkbf s';nf PjfÆlt ‘lje0715cfboá’ lx j'ų+. mþƧfboá r]Ŵ ljkfsųf cfbf;] d'vlgldų+ ljo
lg?Ƨfx;ƃf, s';nf kg d'v+ ljo ;pƧfxf. ;śxjf/] r kťlśs]ĕ d±Ʈëf xált, co+ lj;];á. ;];+ tflb;d]j.
lj;oflbƍe]btá kg ø−fo+ s';n];' sƙƀf/k'ţlsl/oflwktLlx e]bá j'ųá, ;á Ow glŴ cljţlųhgstá,
cljkfswƙtá, tyf cƍjlųtá r. xLglųse]bá kg clŴ xLgdlŢdƍ)Ltfg+ s';nfg+ ljkfsųf tyf ƀf/f/ƙ)flbe]bá.
Pt] lx xbojŴ'+ lgƧfo ƀf/ljlgd'ųf x'ŷf b]jdg'Ƨ];' lƀx]t'sltx]t'sĕg+ x]Ūf j'ųgo]g kl;lƈejśr'ltlsŝflg, %ƀf/] %;'
cf/ƙ±)ë;' tbf/ƙ)lsŝť ;fwodfgf Pj+ rt";' &fg];' ljkŝlƃ. Pjd]t];+ ƀf/f/ƙ)lsŝŪfgflg clgaźflg, ttá t]lx
e]bá xált. jŴ' kg tŴ]j lgaź+, ttá g e]bá. ctLtflbe]btá kg]Ŵflk cgƃtf j'ųgof Pjflt.
sĕdfjr/;x]t'ss';nljkfsĕ lglŪtf.
¿kfjr/ljkfsjŰgf
¿kfjr/ljkfsĕlk ;ƕoáue]btá cųgá s';nf ljo kťljwf xálƃ. ;Ƒá r]Ŵ ljlgŞoe]bá s';n] j'ųgoá Pj.
ljkfsefjtá kg]Ŵ oyf xlŴcfbLg+ %fof t+;lb;f, Pj+ s';nfudgtá r ´fgśflb;ƕo'ųwƙ;dfoá±uëf, klkbflbe]bá r
xált. clkr]Ŵ ltljwfo k&dŢĕge"ldof k&dŢĕgljkfsĕ, tyf b'ltoŢĕge"ldof b'ltoŢĕgljkfsĕ tltoŢĕgljkfsĕ r,
tltoŢĕge"ldof rt'ŴŢĕgljkfsĕ, j]xƎþnkť;'źfjf;j;]g %lƑwfo rt'ŴŢĕge"ldof kťdŢĕgljkfsĕ r j'ųgo]g
kl;lƈejśr'ltlsŝflg ;fwodfgf xbojŴ'+ lgƧfo ƀf/ljlgd'ųfj sƙlgldų;řftkţųf/ƙ)f x'ŷf ljkŝƃLlt co+
lj;];á, ;];+ tflb;d]j.
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¿kfjr/ljkfsĕ lglŪtf.
c¿kfjr/ljkfsjŰgf
Pj+ c¿kfjr/ljkfsĕlk cf/ƙ)e]btá cųgá s';nf ljo rt'lƑwf xálƃ. ljlgŞoá r ;Ƒá s';n] j'ųgoáj.
s';ntá r]Ŵ lj;];á ¿kfjr/ljkfs]þ j'ųgo]g j]lbtƑá. s]þjn+ kg]Ŵ sƙlgldųe"tkţųf/ƙ±)ëf cfsĕ;fgťfotgljkfs]ĕ
k&df?ƍe"ldo+, tyf dxƮtf/ƙ±)ëf ljţf)ťfotgljkfs]ĕ b'ltof?ƍe"ldo+, sƙlgldųe"tkţųf/ƙ±)ëf cflsťţfotgljkfs]ĕ
tltof?ƍe"lvo+, dxƮtf/ƙ±)ëf g]j;ţfgf;ţfotgljkfs]ĕ rt'Ŵf?ƍe"ldoť cjŴ'sĕ j'ųgo]g kl;lƈejśr'ltlsŝflg
;fwodfgfj kjųƃLlt cod]j lj;];á.
c¿kfjr/ljkfsĕ lglŪtf.
nás'ų/ljkfsjŰgf
tyf nás'ų/ljkfsĕlk cųgá s';nf ljo t+t+dƮmþnųf rt'lƑwf, ´fgśoáue]btá kŝ]s+þ kť kť sŷf
jL;ltljwfj xálƃ. ljlgŞoá r]Ŵ s';n] j'ųgoáj. s]þjn+ ;śxjf/] ;átfklųdƮmþn+ ;sbfuflddƮmþn+ cgfuflddƮmþnlƃ
Od];+ ltŰ+ clţlƇo+, c/xųmþnƧ r cţftfljlƇo+ klţlƇoŪfg] ux]ŷf clŪlƇotf, aáŢśdƮśflbaálwklŋowƙf,
klkbflbe]bá r dƮfudgj;]g]j xátLlt j]lbtƑá. clwklte]bák]Ŵ nưlt. nás'ų/s';nf lx cųgá mþnfg+
cgƃ?ƍlųtá, hjgj'lųtá r clwkƸt ljwft'+ ;Ŋþálƃ, nálsof kg ljk/Lttá g ;Ŋþálƃ. t]gfx' ká/f)f æljkfs]þ
clwktL glŴ &k]ŷf nás'ų/Ælƃ ‘w0;0cŪ0505’. ljdáŋe]btá kg]t] dƮfudgtá ltljwf xálƃ
;'ţtclgldųcƍl)lxtljdáŋj;]g. dƮf lx ljkƧgfudgtá æ;'ţtá cƍl)lxtáÆlt ƀ] gfdflg nleŷf ;u')f/ƙ)tá
kl/ofo]g clgldųfltlk j'ŝlƃ, tƨf ;o+ cfudgLoŪfg] &ŷf cųgá cųgá cgƃ/mþnfg+ lgƍl/ofotá tLl)lk gfdflg
b]lƃ. ck/ef±uë kg mþn;dfklųe"tfg+ g b]lƃ. tŴ ljkƧgfudgtáj d±Ʈë j'ųgo]g b'lj±wëf gfdnfeá j]lbtƑá. t] r
g dƮf ljo Pslrųŋl)sĕ, dƮjLlyo+ kg ƀlųŋų'+, mþn;dfklųjLlyo+ ;snlƕ lbj;+ cƍgfhjgj;]g]j lg/ƃ/+
dxƮthjgflg ljo kjųƃLlt co+ lj;];á.
nás'ų/ljkfsĕ lglŪtf.
cs';nljkfsĕ kg sĕdfjr/fj, náeflb;ƕo'ųx]t' cefjtá cx]t'sĕ Pj r xálƃ. t] ;ƕoáutá pk]ŋĕ;xut+
rŋ'ljţf)+, tyf ;át#fglhƢfljţf)flg, tyf b'ŋ;xut+ sĕoljţf)+, pk]ŋĕ;xutf dgáwft', tyf dgáljţf)wft"lt
;ųljwf. ljlgŞoá kg]; ;ƑŴ tflb;fx]t'ss';nljkfs]þ;' j'ųgoá Pj. s]þjn+ kgflgŪf/ƙ)tf, sĕoljţf)Ƨ
b'ŋ;xuttf, pk]ŋĕ;xutdgáljţf)wft'of pźŝjlştfs';nkŝof rt";' ckfo];' kl;lƈejśr'ltlsŝflg, ;'ultoť
;ƃL/)tbf/ƙ)lsŝflg r ;fwgj;]g kjlų r lj;];á, ;];+ tflb;d]j.
cs';nljkfsĕ lglŪtf.
lglŪtf r ljkfsĕƓfstf.
cx]t'slsl/ofjŰgf
lsl/ofƓfstf kg sĕd¿kf¿kfjr/j;]g ltljwf. tŴ sĕdfjr/lsl/of cx]t'sĕ ;x]t'sĕlt b'ljwf. tŴ
;xhĕtx]t'lj/lxtf cx]t'sĕ. tf ;ƕoáuflbtá ltljwf pk]ŋĕ;xutf dgáwft', ;ádgƧ;xutf dgáljţf)wft', tyf
pk]ŋĕ;xutflt. lsl/oflt s/)dų+, lsŝdųlƃ cŴá. ;Ƒ];'o]j lx lsl/olrų];' o+ cfjşglsŝƀo+, t+ chjgj'lųtá
dá#k'Ǝ+þ ljo. o+ hjgj'lųs+þ, t+ lg/fg';o;ƃfgƍjlųtá l%Ɖd"n?ŋk'Ǝ+þ ljo cmþn+ xált.
t+t+cfjşghjglsŝ;fwgj;]g kjųųf kg lsŝdųt+ pkfbfo ælsl/ofÆlt j'ų+. tŴ dgáwft'of ljkfsdgáwft'o+
j'ųgo]g ;Ƒá ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá. s]þjn+ kg kťƀf/] OŪ];' jf clgŪ];' jf kťf/ƙ±)ë;' kťk;fb] #lũt];'
pƍƉejś'kŞ]bfgƃ/+ td]j kťf/ƙ)df/ư xbojŴ'+ lgƧfo]jfjşglsŝ+ ;fwodfgf kť;'lk ƀf/];' kjųtLlt co+
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lj;];á.
dgáljţf)wft'ƀolƕ oyfŊþd+ s';nljkfsĕx]t'sdgáljţf)wft'ƀo;lb;+, jLl/o+ kg]Ŵ clws+þ, jLl/o"kŴƘáj
;dflw anjf xált. ttá Pj]Ŵ ;śxjf/] jLl/o;dflwdgá;ádgƧhËljltlƇofg+ kťƉ+ j;]g OlƇo;śxá xált, Owflk
an;śxá gŴ]j. o+ kg]Ŵ kbefhgLo] ;dflwjLl/ofg+ lgŹ];] æ;dflwan+ jLl/oanÆlƃ ‘w0;0570-572’ anj]jrg+
j'ų+, t+ Ot/fx]t'slrų;ƕo'ų]lx Od];+ anjt/tfbƧgŴ+ kl/ofotá j'ų+. ttá Pj lx ;śxjf/] æƀ] anflg xáƃLÆlt g
j'ų+, tƨf cx]t's]þ;' lgƍl/ofotá an+ glŴ Pjflt ux]tƑ+.
lj;oflbƍe]btá kg]Ŵ ;ádgƧ;xutf tfj xbojŴ'ţ]j lgƧfo kťƀf/] jáŪƑglsŝfo r, dgáƀf/] cg'ńf/];'
%;' sĕdfjr/f/ƙ±)ë;' cfjşglsŝfo r dgáljţf)wft'of cgƃ/+ hjglsŝ+ ;fwodfgf vL)f;jfgţ]j xl;t+ pƍfb]ƃL
kjųlt. xl;t+ lx ;ádgƧ;xutsĕdfjr/]x]j hjg]lx, t];' c;]vfg+ kťlx lsl/ofhjg]lx, ;]vfg+ kg s';n]lx r]j
lblŪljƍo'ųnáed"n]lx rflt %lx, k'y'şgfg+ lblŪ;ƕo'ų]lx rflt cŪxLlt t]/;lx lrų]lx pƍşlt. pk]ŋĕ;xutf kg
kťƀf/] xbojŴ'ţ]j lgƧfo ;ƃL/)lsŝfo ljkfsdgáljţf)wft'of cgƃ/+ jáŪƑglsŝ+, dgáƀf/] ;Ƒ];' %;'lk cf/ƙ±)ë;'
;jŴ'sĕ, cjŴ'sĕ jf ejśrngfgƃ/+ cfjşglsŝ+ ;fwodfgf kjųlt. co+ lx tL;' ej];' sƧlr ;lrųsk'ƮnƧ g
lslƨlť lj;o] g pƍşlt, ;Ƒţ'tţf);lb;+ dxfudg+ gfd]t+ lrųlƃ co+ lj;];á, ;];+ tflb;d]j.
cx]t'slsl/of lglŪtf.
;x]t'ssĕdfjr/lsl/ofjŰgf
cnáeflblsl/ofx]t';ƕo'ųf kg ;x]t'sĕ, t] ;ƕoáutá s';nf ljo cŪljwf. ;Ƒák]Ŵ ljlgŞoá s';n];' j'ųgoá
Pj. s]þjn+ kg]Ŵ lj/ltoá g ;lƃ, s';nf r ;]vk'y'şgfg+ j'ųgo]g %;' ƀf/];' jŴ'+ lgƧfo jf clgƧfo jf hjglsŝ+
;fwodfgf kjųlƃ, Od] kg c;]vfglƃ co+ lj;];á. sĕdfjr/lsl/of.
¿kfjr/lsl/ofjŰgf
¿kfjr/lsl/of r s';nf ljo kťljwf. ljlgŞoá r tŴ j'ųgoá Pj. s]þjn+ lx s';nf ;]vk'y'şgfg+
kţųf/ƙ)f cleţfj;]g kjų+ kťdŢĕg+ ;Ƒf/ƙ)ť x'ŷf dgáƀf/] xbojŴ'ţ]j lgƧfo hjglsŝ+ ;fwodfgf kjųlƃ,
Od] kg c;]vfglƃ cod]j lj;];á. ¿kfjr/lsl/of.
c¿kfjr/lsl/ofjŰgf
c¿kfjr/lsl/of r s';nf ljo rt'lƑwf. ljlgŞoá r tŴ j'ųgoá Pj. s]þjn+ lx s';nf ;]vk'y'şgfg+
;jŴ'sĕ, cjŴ'sĕ jf x]Ūf j'ųgo]g oyfoáu+ kţlųdxƮtf/ƙ)f dgáƀf/] hjglsŝ+ ;fo]dfgf kjųlƃ, Od] kg c;]vfglƃ
co+ lj;];á. c¿kfjr/lsl/of.
lsl/ofƓfstf lglŪtf.
klsŰssyfjŰgf
PŴ &ŷf ;Ƒ] lrųr]tl;swƙ] hĕlt;śxflbtá ;dáwfg]ŷf klsŰssyf jųƑf. oyfj'ųflg lx lrųflg s';nflg
PsjL;lt, cs';nflg ƀfb;, ljkfsĕlg %Ƹų;, lsl/oflg jL;lt rflt ;Ƒflglk Ps"þggj'ltljwflg, nás'ų/fg+
´fgśoáue]btá rųfnL;ljwųf PsjL;;t+ jf xálƃ. t];' sĕdfjr/flg rt'kţf;, ¿kfjr/flg kƉ/;, c¿kfjr/flg
ƀfb;, nás'ų/flg cŪ, rųfnL;+ jf. sĕdfjr/];' r s';nflg cŪ, ljkfsĕlg t]jL;lt, lsl/oflg Psĕb;, cx]t'sĕlg
cŪf/;. ;];flg kg rt'e"dsĕlglk ;x]t'sĕlg. t];' r hĕlttá lrųu)gf k'Ƒ] j'ųfj r]tl;sĕ kg ;źf ;lt lx/Lcáųƍ+
cnáeá cbá;á sĕokƧźfboá ƀfb;, tŶdŢųtf cdáxá cƍdţfƀo+, lj/ltųoť dáxá clxl/s+þ cgáųƍ+ pźŝť náeá
lblŪ bá;á ljlrlsŞf r dfgá OƧf dŞl/o+ s'Ŋ'þŝ+ lyg+ ldźť mþƧá j]bgf ;ţf r]tgf PsƮtf hËljltlƇoť dgl;sĕ/á r
ljtŊþá ljrf/á kLlt jLl/o+ %Ɔá clwdáŋ]ĕ rflt ƀ]kţf; xálƃ.
tŴ tŶdŢųtf, cƍdţfƀo+, dfgfbLlg %, dgl;sĕ/á %Ɔá clwdáŋ]ĕ rflt ƀfb; wƙf oyf&fg] o]jfkgsĕ Pj,
lj/ltųo+, pźŝť sŴlr o]jfkgsĕ. t];' r tŶdŢųtf dgl;sĕ/á %Ɔá clwdáŋ]ĕ pźŝ+ lj/ltoált Od] &k]ŷf ;];f cŪ
oyf&fg] clgotf Pj, lj/ltoá kg sŴlr clgotf, Od] kg Psĕb; &k]ŷf ;];f PsrųfnL; wƙf lgotf Pj. tŴ
;źfboá kťjL;lt wƙf s';nfƓfstfo]j, dáxfboá r'Ź; cs';nf Pj, mþƧfboá t]/; s';nfs';nfƓfstf lthĕltsĕ.
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Psƃtá lx s';nf jf cƓfstf jf wƙf glŴ, s';nlrų;ƕo'ų;do] kg s';nf, cƓfstlrų;ƕo'ų;do] cƓfstf r
xálƃ. dáxfboá kg ;¿k]g]j cs';nf, Ot/] r t+;ƕoá±uëg ;Ƒ]lk r]t] cŴgf ;ƕo'ųlrųe]b]g e]bjƃáj xáƃLlt
j]lbtƑf.
t];' lx ;źfboá Ps"þgjL;lt ;Ƒ];' s';n];' r]j ;x]t'sĕƓfst];' rflt Ps"þg;lŪlrų];' pƍşlƃ, ttá kŝ]s+þ
Ps"þg;lŪƍe]bf r xálƃ. Pjdţ]lk `ftƑf cdáxá t];' `f)ljƍo'ųflg ƀfb; &k]ŷf ;];];', cƍdţf kg sĕdfjr/];'
;x]t'slsl/os';n];' r]j kťdŢĕgjlşt¿kfjr/];' rflt cŪjL;ltlrų];', lj/ltoá kg sĕdfjr/s';n];', nás'ų/];' rflt
;áń;;'. Pjd]t] kťjL;lt wƙf s';nfƓfst];' pƍşgtá s';nfƓfstf gfd hĕtf. cs';n];' kg dáxfboá rųf/á
ƀfb;;'lk cs';nlrų];' pƍşlƃ, náeá cŪ;' náed"n];', lblŪ tŴ lblŪ;ƕo'ų];', dfgá lblŪljƍo'ų];', bá;á OƧf
dŞl/o+ s'Ŋ'þŝ+ kl#;ƕo'ų];', lygldź+ kť;' ;;řfl/s]þ;', ljlrlsŞf ljlrlsŞf;ƕo'ų] Pjflt. Pjd]t] r'Ź;lk ;o+
cs';nųf, cs';n]Ʃ]j pƍşgtá r cs';nf gfd.
Ot/];' r mþƧfboá ;ų wƙf ;Ƒlrų];', g lx t+ lrųdlŴ, o+ Od];' Ps]þgflk ljgf pƍşlt. ;ƑŴsĕ lx
Pt]. ljtŊĕboá kg oyfoálusĕ. t];' lx ljtŊþá tfj lƀkťljţf)jlştsĕdfjr/];' r]j Psĕb;;'
k&dŢĕlgs¿kfjr/nás'ų/];' rflt kťkţf;lrų];' pƍşlt. ljrf/á kg t];' r]j tyf b'ltoŢĕlgslrų];' rflt
%;lŪlrų];'. kLlt rt'ŴŢĕlgsjlşt;ádgƧ;xut];'. jLl/o+ lƀkťljţf)dgáwft';ƃL/)lųsjlşt];'. %Ɔá
cx]t'sdád"xjlşt];'. clwdáŋ]ĕ lƀkťljţf)ljlrlsŞfo'ųjlşt];. ' Pjd]t] t]/; s';nfs';nfƓfst];' pƍşgtá lthĕltsĕ
gfd hĕtf. ;ƕo'ųlrųe]b]g r];+ kŝ]s+þ u)gfe]bálk j]lbtƑá. oyf lx lrų+ ;nŋ)tá Psljwlƕ ;ƕoáufjŴflbe]b]g]j
leƉ+, tyf r]tl;sĕlk kŝ]slƃ `ftƑf, lj;];+ kg g];+ jŋĕd.
jŴ';śx] kg g];+ lrų];' tfj sĕdfjr/ljkfsdgáwft'xl;tflg, bá;;ƕo'ųkl#¿kfjr/k&ddƮflg rflt
t]rųfnL; lrųflg x]Ūf j'ųgo]g oyf;s+þ jŴ"lg lgƧfo]j pƍşlƃ, c¿kfjr/ljkfsĕlg kg clgƧfo]j, ;];flg ƀ]rųfnL;
lgƧfolk, cf?ƍ];'lk pƍşgtá clgƧfolk. c¿kLg+ lx %lk jŴ"lg g ;lƃ, ¿kLg+ kg #fgfbLlg tLl), ;ƑŴ r
t+t+jŴ'/lxtfg+ ;ƑŴ lgotljţf)flglk, c;ţLg+ kg ;Ƒflglk jŴ'ljţf)flg g ;lƃ. t];+ lx hËljtgjsd]j ¿k+
kl;lƈ, kjlųo+ ejś+, d/)sĕn] r'lt r x'ŷf kjųlt. oyf r]Ŵ lrųfg+, Pj+ t+;ƕo'ųr]tl;sĕglƕ jŴ'tá ;śxe]bá
j]lbtƑá. co+ kg lj;];á _ t];' lx bá;á OƧf dŞl/o+ s'Ŋ'þŝť xbojŴ'+ lgƧfo sĕdnás]þ Pj pƍşlt. s?)fd'lbtf
kg ¿knás]þlk, g c¿k]. tŴ lx ¿kfjr/k'Ƒefuflglk g pƍşlƃ, ;];f kg ;Ƒ] lgƧfolk clgƧfolk tL;'lk ej];'
pƍşlƃ. tŴ lx mþƧfboá ;ų %lk jŴ"lg, Ot/] kg xbod]jflt, ;];+ lrų;d+.
lsŝƀf/;śx] kg g];+ lrų+ oyf r r'Ź;lx lsŝ]lx %ƀfl/sƀf/ljlgd'ųefj]g, Pj+ kjlųŊþdá j]lbtƑá. obf
lx s';nfs';nan]g tL;' e"dL;' ;ųf lgƑųlƃ, tbf t];+ d/)sĕn] o]e'Ɯ]g %Ɖ+ ƀf/fgdţt/Ƹƨ kŝ'klŪt+
sƙsƙlgldųultlgldųfgdţt/+ ux]ŷf pk]ŋĕ;xutljkfsĕx]t'sdgáljţf)wft'ƀoť]j cŪ dxfljkfsĕlg, gj
¿kf¿kljkfsĕlg r]lt Ps"þgjL;lt lrųflg x]Ūf j'ųgo]g oyf;se"dL;' kl;lƈ x'ŷf pƍşlƃ, tfg]j ejśr'ltj;]g
ƀf/ljlgd'ųflg gfd xálƃ. d/)sĕn] lx ;ųfg+ c;lţ;ųlj/lxtfg+ ejƃ/] kl;lƈhgs+þ ctLt+ sƙ+ jf t+sƙs/)sĕn]
lj;oáks/)flbe"t+ ¿kflb%lƑwlƕ ctLtflbe]b+ sĕnljlgd'ųť sƙlgldų+ jf pkkşdfgejfg'¿k+
sƍ?ŋdft's'lŞlg/olƮhĕnflbultlgldų+ jf sƙan]g oyf/x+ %Ɖ+ ƀf/fgdţt/Ƹƨ ;foƌ] kƑtŞfof kyljo+ ljo
lrų;ƃfg] cƟLodfg+ pkŪflt. Pj+ pklŪt] r tƸƨ cf/ƙ±)ë sƙan]g lg/ƃ/+ kjųdfglrų;ƃfgƧ
cfo'ŋosƙŋopeoŋopkŞ]bssƙfgdţt/]g kŝf;Ɖd/)Ƨ tƧ tƧ jLlylrųejśfgƃ/+ r'ltlrų+ xált, tbgƃ/+
sƙsƙlgldųfbL;' oyfulxt+ cf/ư oyf/x+ tL;' ej];' o+ lslť kl;lƈlrų+ ejƃ/] k&dlrų+ x'ŷf pƍşlt.
tŴ r b'x]t'sĕx]t'sr'ltofgƃ/+ b; sĕdfjr/kl;lƈoáj xálƃ, g Ot/f, sĕdfjr/ltx]t'sĕo r'ltof ;Ƒflk
xálƃ, ¿kfjr/fo kg r'ltoflk cx]t'skl;lƈ/lxtf, c¿kfjr/fo r'ltof x]lŪdjlştf?ƍkl;lƈoá r]j
sĕdfjr/ltx]t'skl;lƈoá r, c;ţLg+ kg ¿kr'lttá ejƃ/] ulxtk'Ƒ+ sƙflbd]jf/ư cx]t's/lxtf
sĕdfjr/kl;lƈoáj xálƃ, g Ot/f. k'y'şgfg+, kg ;átfkƉ;sbfufdLgť r'ltof ;'źfjf;];' kl;lƈ g xált, ;]vfg+
lƀx]t'sĕx]t'sĕ;lţkl;lƈoá, c;]vfg+ kg ;Ƒflk kl;lƈoá g xálƃ. t] lx r'lttá lg?klw;];lgƑfg]g
cg'kfbfkl/lgƑfgƍųf gfd xálƃ. Pj+ ulxtkl;lƈlg/áwtá k/+ tb]j lrų+ tlƨţ]jf/ƙ±)ë ejś+ x'ŷf r'ltkl/oá;fg+
c;lt jLlylrų'ƍfb] ;'lkglƕ clbƩf lgŹáŊþdgsĕnfbL;' ckl/df);řlƕ gbL;át+ ljo lg/ƃ/+ kjųlt. Pj+
Ps"þgjL;ltljţf)fg+ kl;lƈejśr'ltj;]g kjlųŊþdá j]lbtƑá.
Pj+ kg jųdfg] ejś;ƃfg] obf OlƇokl/kfsdfuƙ ;efukŝoƃ/;lxt+ cltdxƃ+ ¿kf/ƙ)+ rŋ'ƀf/] #ũ]lt,
tbf #ũgfg'efj]g lƀŋų'+ tŴ ejśrng+ xált, tbgƃ/+ ejś+ jálŞlƆŷf tƸƨ ¿kf/ƙ±)ë lsl/odgáwft' cfjşglsŝ+
;fwodfgf pƍlşŷf lg?Ţlt, tyf tbgƃ/+ rŋ'ljţf)ƀo] oyf/xd]s+þ bƧglsŝ+, tbgƃ/+ ljkfsdgáwft'ƀof cţt/+
;ƕlŞglsŝ+, tbgƃ/+ ljkfsdgáljţf)wft'ųof cţt/+ ;ƃL/)lsŝ+, tbgƃ/+ pk]ŋĕ;xutlsl/ofx]t'sdgáljţf)wft'
jáŪƑglsŝ+, tbgƃ/+ Ps"þgƸt;sĕdfjr/hjg];' o+ lslť oyf/x+ ;ųŋų'+, %ŋų'+, d/)sĕnfbL;' kťŋų'd]j jf hjglsŝ+
;fwodfg+, tbgƃ/+ Psĕb;;' tbf/ƙ)lsŝ];' dxfljkfs;ƃL/±)ë;' oyf/xd]s+þ ;Ƹs, lƀŋų'+ jf tbf/ƙ)lsŝ+ ;fwodfg+
pƍlşŷf lg?Ţlt, tbgƃ/+ ejś;ƃlt Pj kjųlt. Pj+ rŋ'ƀf/] ;ųlsŝflg %rųfnL; lrųflg ;Ƙjlƃ.
obf kg j'ųgo]g ;Źf/ƙ)fbLlg ;átƀf/fbL;' #ũ]lƃ, tbflk rŋ'ƀf/] ljo kŝ]sť %rųfnL;]j ejlƃ. s]þjn+
x]Ŵ cfjşgfgƃ/+ rŋ'ljţf)Ūfg] ;átljţf)flbƀoflg oyfŊþd+ ;jgflblsŝflg ;fwodfgflg pƍşƃLlt. Pj+ kťƀf/]
cltdxƃ] kťf/ƙ±)ë rt'kţf; sĕdfjr/lrųfg]j ;Ƙjlƃ. s]þlr kg]Ŵ æ;;řfl/shjgflg kťƀf/] g pƍşlƃ
k'Ƒƍoáuf;Ƙjf, dgáƀf/]o]j]tflg pƍşƃLÆlt jblƃ.
64
dxƃ] kg tbf/ƙ)jlştflg. lj;oƧ hjg;dsĕnd]j ctLtųf hjgfj;fg] ejś+ xált. kl/ų] kg
hjglƕ glŴ. jáŪƑg+ x]Ŵ hjgŪfg] &ŷf ƀlųŋų'+ kjlųŷf lg?Ţlt, ttá k/+ ejś+ xált. co+ kg jf/á ælbŪ+ ljo
d] ;'t+ ljo d]Æltcflbsygsĕn] nưlt. cltkl/ų] kg jáŪƑgƍfbf c;Ůxgtá ejśrngdųd]j, g cfjşgfbLlg.
cfjşg]g lx ejś] cfjlũt] jáŪƑg+ cƍŷf cƃ/f rŋ'ljţf)fgƃ/+ lrų+ ejś+ cátl/ƧtLlt g]t+ &fg+ ljşlt, gflk
cƍjųdfg] lj;o] kťƀfl/sjLlylrųflg kjųƃLlt. co+ kťƀf/] lj;oƍjlųe]b]g lrųƍjlųlgodá.
dgáƀf/] kg %;' cf/ƙ±)ë;' cfkfyut];' j'ųgo]g ejśrngdgáƀf/fjşgfgƃ/+
s';nfs';nmþngfjşglsl/olrų];' kťkţf;hjglsŝ];' o+ lslť sĕdfjr/f/ƙ)df/ư kjųlt, ttá ke'lt sĕdfjr/f/ƙ±)ë
tbf/ƙ)+ xált. cƍgfhjg] co+ kjlųŊþdá _ ;dyljkƧgfsƙŪflgsĕg+ lx oyf;slj;o] pƍflbtk'Ƒefuefjgfg+
æObflg cƍgf pƍlşƧtLÆlt ejśrngfjşgfj;fg] `f);ƕo'ųsĕdfjr/hjg];' cţt/Ƹƨ oyf/x+
kl/sƙákrf/fg'nád±uëfŶe'gfd]g rt'ŋų'+, ltŋų'd]j jf pƍlşŷf lg?ź] rt'Ŵ+, kťd+ jf dxƮthjg];' o+ lslť
k&dsƍgfleţfe"t+ Psjf/d]j, ´fg;dfklųe"t+ cgƃjf/lƕ hjlt. nás'ų/hjg];' kg s';nflg Ps;ƃfg] Psjf/d]j
hjlƃ, tbgƃ/+ oyf;s+þ mþnlrųť ƀlųjf/+, mþn;dfklųjLlyo+ mþnd]j cgƃjf/lƕ hjlt, lg/áw;dfklųo+ kg
cg'k'Ƒlg/áwj;]g k&dŢĕgtá ofjflsťţfotgf oyfŊþd+ cfjşgkl/sƙflbj;]g]j ;dfklşŷf j'lŪtƧ ±uëfŶe'tá cgƃ/+
rt'Ŵf?ƍhjg] lƀŋų'+ hljŷf lg?ź] oyfkl/lŞƉsĕnť lrų+ g pƍşlt, j'Ūfgsĕn] r cfjşgkl/sƙlrųlgofd]g
cgfufldmþn+, c/xųmþn+ jf oyf/xd]sjf/d]j pƍşlt. tŴ r s';n±uëfŶe'tá cgƃ/+ s';nť]j cflbtá mþnųoť
cƍ]lt, lsl/of±uëfŶe'tá lsl/o+, c/xųmþnť. tŴflk ;ádgƧ;xuttá ;ádgƧ;xutd]j, pk]ŋĕ;xuttá r
pk]ŋĕ;xutd]j cƍ]lt. c;]vfgd]j r]Ŵ c/xųmþnlsl/ofhjgflg, oyf;s+þ ;]vfgd]j ;];nás'ų/flg, ;]vk'y'şgfgd]j
s';nfs';nflg, ltx]t'sĕgd]j cƍgf xálƃ, co+ hjglgodá.
cƍgfhjgtá k/+ kg tbf/ƙ)+ glŴ. hjgf/ƙ±)ë;' lx sĕdfjr/e"t]Ʃ]j sĕdfjr/kl;lƈsĕgd]j cltdxƃ],
lje"t] r lj;o] tbf/ƙ)d'ƍşlt. cltOŪ] kgf/ƙ±)ë ;ƃL/)lsl/ofhjgtbf/ƙ)flg ;ádgƧ;xutflg, OŪdŢų],
clgŪ] r pk]ŋĕ;xutflg xálƃ. obf kg bádgƧfgƃ/+ ;ádgƧƧ kŪfg] kllŋųųf ;ádgƧkl;lƈsƧ cltOŪfbL;'
kl#] hljt] tbf/ƙ)ejśflg g pƍşlƃ, tbf cţ+ kl/lrtk'Ƒ+ kl/ųf/ƙ)df/ư cgfjşglƕ lg/áwtá j'ŪxƃƧ
;fdţmþn+ ljo cƃ/f pk]ŋĕ;xut;ƃL/)+ pƍşlt, tdgƃl/ŷf ejś+ xátLlt co+ tbf/ƙ)lgodá.
Pj+ kg ejśfgƃ/+ %ƀf/] cfjşgfbLlg jLlylrųflg. Olt ofjtfo's+þ Oldgfj sd]g lrųlgofdtá ljţf)flg
kjųlƃ. jLlylrųfgƃ/+, kg ejśfgƃ/+ jf ;ƑklŞd+ t+ Ps"þgjL;ltljw+ ejśd]j tlƨţ]jf/ƙ±)ë r'ltlsŝť ;fwodfg+
kjųlt, tƸƨ lg?ź] ;ųá r'tá gfd xált. ttálk r'lttá k'g kl;lƈejśjLlyr'ltoált Pj+ k'gƍ'g+ lrų;ƃfg+
oƃo'ų±uëf±)ëf ljo ejfbL;' ofjfg'kfbfo cf;j]lx g ljd'ŝlt, tfjfljlŞƉ+ kjųlt Pj. Pj+ kjųdfg] r lrų;ƃfg]
æŷ+ ejś+ gfd xált, ŷ+ tbgƃ/+ cfjşg+»k]0 ŷ+ tbgƃ/+ tbf/ƙ)+ gfd xált, ŷ+ kg ejśÆlƃcflbgf lgofds]ĕ sųf
gfd glŴ, lrųlgofd]g]j]t+ kjųlt.
kťlj±wëf lx lgofdá _ aLhlgofdá pt'lgofdá sƙlgofdá wƙlgofdá lrųlgofdált, tŴ
cŘ'/kŰbůk'ƎþmþnflbŊþd]g t];+ t];+ aLhĕg+ cţáţlj;lb;?ŋlt)uŞntflb;ƃfg] cųgf ;lb;mþnbfg+ aLhlgofdá gfd.
tƸƨ tƸƨ ;do] t];+ t];+ ?ŋĕg+ Psƍxf/]g k'ƎþmþnkƟjfg+ ux)+ pt'lgofdá gfd. tƧ tƧ jf s';nfs';nsƙƧ
t+t+;lb;f;lb;¿kf¿kljkfsbfg+, sƙ;l/ŋsljkfsbfgť sƙlgofdá gfd. aálw;ųfg+ kl;lƈƮx±)ë, dft's'lŞtá
clelgŋdg], cle;ƗálwwƙrŊþƍjųgfbL;' r ƀƸų; k'Ƒlgldųflg wƙlgofdá gfd. oyfj'ų]g ejśfjşgflblsŝŊþd]g]j
lrųƍjlų lrųlgofdá gfd. Oldgf kg lrųlgofd]g oyfŊþd+ lsŝjƃ];' r]t];' lrų];' lƀkťljţf)dgáwft'hjgflg
oyf;Ƙj+ PslsŝŪfgflg, ;];flg kg lƀltrt'kťlsŝŪfgflg, tflg r k'Ƒ] j'ųflg, ;'ljţ]Ɯflg r. Pj+ Psƀfl/sĕbLlg
r. oyf r lrųfg+, Pj+ t+;ƕo'ųr]tl;sĕglƕ lsŝƀf/j;]g ;śxá j]lbtƑá. co+ kg lj;];á _ lsŝtá lx ;ƑŴsĕ tfj
;ų lrų+ ljo r'Ź; lsŝflg s/álƃ. ljtŊþljrf/flwdáŋĕ kg toá bƧgflbkťlsŝflg jş]ŷf gj, jLl/o+ ttá
;ƕlŞg;ƃL/)flg jş]ŷf ;ų, kLlt jáŪƑgfjşgflglk jş]ŷf ;ƃL/±)ëg ;Ƹź %, lj/ltcƍdţfjlştf kg jL;lt
s';nfƓfstf r]j %Ɔá r ;ƃL/)lƕ jş]ŷf kť, ttá cƍdţf tbf/ƙ)lƕ jş]ŷf rųfl/, lj/ltoá kg s';nf
hjglsŝd]j s/álƃ. ƀf/tá r lj/ltoá dgáƀfl/sĕ Pj, tyf s?)fd'lbtf, ƀf/ljlgd'ųf r kg xálƃ. dgáƀf/] Pj
lx b'ŝl/tlj/d)+ ;ųkţlųƮx)ť xált. cs';nf kg %ƀfl/sĕ, tŴflk dfgOƧfdŞl/os'Ŋ'þŝflg dgáƀfl/sĕg]jflt
s]þlr. cj;];f %ƀfl/sĕ r]j ƀf/ljlgd'ųf r. ;];+ lrų;lb;d]j. cf/ƙ);śxá kg g];+ kl/ųf/ƙ)lųs]þ cflj
eljƧtLlt. co+ klsŰssyf.
lrų'ƍfbsůjŰgf lglŪtf.
cƓfstkb+ kg g]j tfj lglŪt+. cƓfst];' lx ljkfsĕƓfst+, lsl/ofƓfstť ljeų+, ¿kfƓfst+, kg
lgƑfgfƓfstť cjl;Ū+. tŴ ¿kfƓfst+ tfj e"ldtá sĕdfjr/d]j, g leƉ+, tyf ;ƕoáutálk c;Ƙjá Pj.
;f/ƙ)wƙfgd]j, lx cţdţ;ƕoá±uëf, g Ot/];lƃ. wƙ'Ź];tá kg]t+ cŪjL;ltljw+ xált. ;]Ɯlyb+ _ kyjLwft'
cfkáwft' t]h]ĕwft' jfoáwft' rŋ' ;át+ #fg+ lhƢf sĕoá ¿k+ ;Źá uƈá /;á OlŴlƇo+ k'l/l;lƇo+ hËljltlƇo+ xbojŴ'
sĕoljţlų jrLljţlų cfsĕ;á ¿kƧ nx'tf d'b'tf sƙţtf ¿kƧ pkroá ;ƃlt h/tf clgŝtf sańLsĕ/á cfxf/ált.
kbefhgLo] kg]Ŵ lsťflk xbojŴ' g cfut+, pkl/ kg kŪfgkflńo+ æo+ ¿k+ lgƧfo dgáwft' r dgáljţf)wft' r
jųƃLÆltcflbgf ‘kŪf01=1=8’ ;¿k]g]j cfuldƧtLlt t+ Ow ulxt+. s]þlr kg ldź¿k+ an¿k+ ;Ƙj¿k+ hĕlt¿k+
/áu¿klƃ Odflglk kť ux]ŷf æt]Ƹų; ¿kflg xáƃLÆlt jblƃ, t] t];+ cefj+, cƃáuwefjť jŷf kllŋlktƑf. Od];'
65
lx ldź+ ¿kd]j g xált c¿kwƙųf gLj/)fg+. ldź]g]j lx krnflosĕsĕ/]g ¿kƍjlų xált, an¿k+ kg jfoáwft'of
cƃáuw+ t+;efjųf, ;Ƙj¿k+ cfkáwft'of, hĕlt¿k+ pkro;ƃtL;', /áu¿kť h/tfclgŝtf;' klj;lt
;ƍŝo;d'lŪt¿kljsĕ/e]b];' /áuƓkb];tált ;Ƒ+ ¿k+ cŪjL;ltljwd]j xált. co+ wƙ'Ź];tá ljlgŞoá.
nŋ)flbtá kg]Ŵ sŋńųnŋ)f kyjLwft', kltŪfg/;f, ;ƕlŞgkŝ'kŪfgf. kŔ/)nŋ)f cfkáwft',
Ɣ"xg/;f, ;śxkŝ'kŪfgf. pŲųnŋ)f t]h]ĕwft', kl/kfrg/;f, dŹjfg'ƍbfgkŝ'kŪfgf. ljŴƘgnŋ)f jfoáwft',
;d'bL/)/;f, clegLxf/kŝ'kŪfgf. rtƧálk r]tf ;];e"tųokbŪfgf. ¿kfle#ftf/xe"tƍ;fbnŋ)+,
bŪ'sĕdtflgbfgsƙ;d'Ūfge"tƍ;fbnŋ)+ jf rŋ', ¿k];' cfljŦg/;+, rŋ'ljţf)Ƨ cfwf/efjkŝ'kŪfg+,
bŪ'sĕdtflgbfgsƙhe"tkbŪfg+. Ob+ kg ob]t+ clŋs"þks]þ kltlŪt+ gxf?;'ųs]þg dŴn'ś]g cfaźd+;o'ų+, oŴ ;]tlƕ clŴ
sŲlƕ nálxtlƕ rųfl/lk dxfe"tflg, oť ;]ƛ'Ƨbųf ;]t+, lkų'Ƨbųf sŲ+, ?lx?Ƨbųf nálxts+þ, kyj'Ƨbųf klŴŰ+ xált,
cfk'Ƨbųf kŔ/lt, t]h'Ƨbųf kl/bƞlt, jfo'Ƨbųf kl/ưdlt, oť nás]þ gLnkv'd;dflsŰ+ sŲ;'Ŋþdůnljlrų+
gLn'ƍnbn;lƉe+ bL#+ k'y'n+ rŋ"lt j'ŝlt, tƧ ;;Ƙf/rŋ'gá ;]tdůnkl/lŋųƧ sŲdůnƧ dŢ] cled'±vë l&tfg+
;/L/;Ůfg'ƍlųb];] ;ų;' lkr'kn];' cfl;ųt]n+ lkr'knflg ljo ;ų clŋknflg Ɠfk]ŷf wf/)gxfkgdůgaLhglsŝflx
rt"lx wftLlx vlųos'df/á ljo ;ƈf/)faƈgkl/kfrg;d'bL/)lsŝflx rt"lx wft"lx st"ksĕ/+ cfo'gf cg'kflnodfg+
jŰuƈ/;fbLlx kl/j't+ pt'lrųfxf/]lx pkŴlƘodfg+ kdf)tá ösĕl;/dų+ rŋ'ljţf)fbLg+ oyf/x+ jŴ'ƀf/efj+ ;fwodfg+
ltŪlt. j'ųlƕ r]t+ wƙ;]gfkltgf _
æo]g rŋ'k;fb]g, ¿kflg dg'kƧlt.
kl/ų+ ;'v'd+ Pt+, ösĕl;/;d"kdÆlƃĶ
;Źfle#ftf/xe"tƍ;fbnŋ)+, ;át'sĕdtflgbfgsƙ;d'Ūfge"tƍ;fbnŋ)+ jf ;át+, ;Ź];' cfljŦg/;+,
;átljţf)Ƨ cfwf/efjkŝ'kŪfg+, ;át'sĕdtflgbfgsƙhe"tkbŪfg+ Ob+ kg ;;Ƙf/;átlanƧ cƃá tg'tƗnádflrt]
cś'lnj]ws;Ůfg] kb];] j'ųƍsĕ/flx wft'cfbLlx st"ksĕ/fg'kfngkl/jf/ákŴƘ+ ;átljţf)fbLg+ oyf/x+ jŴ'ƀf/efj+
;fwodfg+ ltŪlt.
uƈfle#ftf/xe"tƍ;fbnŋ)+, #flot'sĕdtflgbfgsƙ;d'Ūfge"tƍ;fbnŋ)+ jf #fg+, uƈ];' cfljŦg/;+,
#fgljţf)Ƨ cfwf/efjkŝ'kŪfg+, #flot'sĕdtflgbfgsƙhe"tkbŪfg+ Obť ;;Ƙf/#fglanƧ cƃá chkb;Ůfg] kb];]
j'ųƍsĕ/áksĕ/fg'kfngkl/jf/ákŴƘ+ #fgljţf)fbLg+ oyf/x+ jŴ'ƀf/efj+ ;fwodfg+ ltŪlt.
/;fle#ftf/xe"tƍ;fbnŋ)f, ;flot'sĕdtflgbfgsƙ;d'Ūfge"tƍ;fbnŋ)f jf lhƢf, /;];' cfljŦg/;f,
lhƢfljţf)Ƨ cfwf/efjkŝ'kŪfgf, ;flot'sĕdtflgbfgsƙhe"tkbŪfgf. P;f r ;;Ƙf/lhƢfdŢƧ pkl/ pƍnbnƮ;Ůfg]
kb];] j'ųƍsĕ/áksĕ/fg'kfngkl/jf/ákŴƘf lhƢfljţf)fbLg+ oyf/x+ jŴ'ƀf/efj+ ;fwodfgf ltŪlt.
mþáŪƑfle#ftf/xe"tƍ;fbnŋ±)ëf, m'þl;t'sĕdtflgbfgsƙ;d'Ūfge"tƍ;fbnŋ±)ëf jf sĕoá, mþáŪƑ];' cfljŦg/;á,
sĕoljţf)Ƨ cfwf/efjkŝ'kŪfgá, m'þl;t'sĕdtflgbfgsƙhe"tkbŪfgá. co+ kg OdƸƨ sĕo] ofjtf pkflbƉf
kyjLcfkás]ĕŪf;f xálƃ, tŴ ;ƑŴ sƍf;kn] ƥ]xá ljo cg'utá j'ųƍsĕ/áksĕ/fg'kfngkl/jf/ákŴƘá sĕoljţf)fbLg+
oyf/x+ jŴ'ƀf/efj+ ;fwodfgá ltŪlt. s]þlr ‘w0;0cŪ0 600’ kg æt]hĕlwsĕg+ e"tfg+ k;fbá rŋ',
ljj/jfo'cfkkyljclwsĕg+ ;át#fglhƢfsĕofÆlt jblƃ. ck/] ‘w0;0c0600’ æt]h]ĕ;efj+ rŋ',
cfsĕ;kyljcfkjfo';efjf ;át#fglhƢfsĕofÆlt jblƃ. æt]hĕlb;xsĕl/ųf, t]hĕlbu')¿kflblj;oųf rfÆlt sĕ/)ť
oyfŊþd+ jblƃ. t] r jųƑf _ s]ĕ kg]jdfx æ;xsĕl/;efj]x]j OlƇo]lx eljtƑÆlƃ, æ¿kfboá jf t]hĕbLg+ u')fÆlt.
cljlgưá±uë;' lx e"t];' æco+ OdƧ u'±)ëf, co+ OdƧ u'±)ëfÆlt g nưf jų'lƃ. cyflk jb]Ɯ'+ æt]hĕlbclws]þ;' ;Ƙf/];'
¿kfbLg+ clwsefjbƧgtá OlŞtƑd]t+ ‚¿kfboá t]hĕbLg+ u')fƒÆlt, t] jųƑf OŞ]Ɯfd, olb cfkflwsƧ cf;jƧ uƈtá
kyljclws]þ sƍf;] uƈá clwst/á l;of, t]hĕlwsƧ r pŲábsƧ jŰtálk ;Lt"bsƧ jŰá kl/xfo]y. oƨf kg]t+ peolƕ
glŴ, tƨf kxfo]y td]t];+ lgƧoe"tfg+ lj;];sƍg+. oyf clj;];]lk Pssnfk] e"tfg+ ¿k/;fboá cţdţ+ lj;lb;f
xálƃ, Pj+ rŋ'k;fbfboákLlt ux]tƑd]t+. Ƹs kg];+ lj;];sĕ/)+ gŴLltĠ gá glŴ. Ƹs kg tlƃĠ sƙd]j g];+ c;fwf/)+
sĕ/)+ hgstŲfhlgtfg+ e"tfg+ lj;];tá. e"tlj;];] lx ;lt k;fbáj g'ƍşlt. ;dfgfg+ lx e"tfg+ k;fbá, g
lj;dfgfglƃ ká/f)f. Pj+ sƙlj;];tá lj;];jƃ];' r]t];' rŋ';átflg c;ƕųlj;oƮfxsĕlg cųgá lgƧo+ cgƟLglgƧo]j
lj;o] ljţf)x]t'ųf. #fglhƢfsĕof kg ;ƕųlj;oƮfxsĕ lgƧoj;]g r]j ;oť cųgá lgƧo+ cƟLg] Pj lj;o]
ljţf)x]t'ųf.
s]þlr kg ærŋ';átflglk ;ƕųlj;oƮfxsĕg]j, b"/] l&t];'lk rƆ¿kfbL;' ;L#oflogog/+l;;ţá±uëg, ;Źfgť
k/ƕ/fofuƄf ;átlan] #ũg]g ljţf)'ƍlųtá. t]g]j lx s'ũflbcƃl/t];', ljlŞŹkƑtn])flbut];' r ¿k;Ź];' ljţf)+ g
pƍştLÆlt jblƃ. t];lƕ lx rŋ'gá b"/f;Ɖ];' rƆ?ŋĕbL;' cg'knlŋtsĕne]b]g /+l;;dfoáhg;fdlŴo+, ;Źfglƕ
b"/f;Ɖfg+ cljlbttfe]b+ cfuƄf ;átlan#ũg;fdlŴo+ ljţf)'ƍlųx]t'e"t+ pkuƃƑ+. ttá k/+ tŴ]j l&tfgţ]j
ljţf)'ƍfbg;fdlŴoákudg+. s'ũn])flbcƃl/tfgť ¿k;Źfg+ ;xsĕl/kŝolj/xtá cgfkfyudg+. Ot/yf t];lƕ
tflb;];' OlƇo;ţáu+ g wfljtƑ+. udglgjf/)lƕ pƍlųlgjf/)d]j, t±yëj ;xsĕl/kŝolj/xtá oflb;]j t];+
OlƇo;ţá±uëf xált, tflb;] ljţf)'ƍlų xátLlt ux]tƑ+.
rŋ' tfj b"/] l&tfg+ rƆfbLglƕ ux)tá c;ƕųƮfxs+þ xát', ;át+ kg b"/] ?ŋ+ l%Ɔƃfg+, jŴ+ ±wëfjƃfgť
b"/táj kţfodfgsĕoljsĕ/flbgf ;Ƹź ;Ź+ ux]t'+ c;dŴtfo sy+ ;l)s+þ jjŴfkodfg+ t+ c;ƕųƮfxs+þ xátLltĠ tŴflk r
s'&fl/jŴfbLg+ k&dlgkft;Źfg+ dƆtfo oyf xŴl%şdfg;fvfknf;rngflb;d'lŪtdƆ;Źfg+ k/ƕ/fofudg+ glŴ, tyf
cgfkfyudglƕ, kŞf kg #ũgflg#+;Ƨ anjtfo pƍƉdxf;Źfg+ cfudg+ ljo tŴ]j l&tfgţ]j cfkfyudg+ xált,
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Ot/yf b"/f;ƉflbjjŴfgflg g l;o'+ uƈfbLg+ ljo, tƨf c;ƕų±uëfr/fg]j]tflg, #fgfbLlg r ;ƕų±uëfr/fgLlt
j]lbtƑflg.
clx;'+;'df/klŋs'Ŋ'þ/l;śfn;lb;flg r]tflg. oyf lx clx gfd alxl;ų;ƙŪŪfg] gfle/dlt, t+ ljxfo
lt)kŰuxgjlƙsĕlblj;dŢĕ;oáj xált, Pj+ rŋ'lk ;ƙŪlelųcfƸb ljxfo OlŴk'l/;k'Ǝþntflrųflblj;dŢĕ;o+ xált.
oyf r ;'+;'df/álk alx r/)+ ljxfo pbs]þ lanŢĕ;oá xált, Pj+ ;átlƕ jftkfglŞŹflblanŢĕ;o+ xált. oyf lx
luŢĕlbkŋËlk e"ld?ŋĕƸb ljxfo cfsĕ;] kŋƆgŢĕ;oá xált, Pj+ #fglƕ pźƮ+ x'ŷf uƈkj];sjftfsŬgŴ+ cfsĕ;Ţĕ;o+
xált. oyf s'Ŋ'þ/á alxufdrf/+ ljxfo cfld;uj];L ufdŢĕ;oá dxfg;flblgƉlrųá xált, Pj+ lhƢflk cfkŢĕ;of xált.
oyf r l;śfná alx;';fgrf/+ ljxfo d+;uj];L ;';fgŢĕ;oá xált, Pj+ sĕoálk cg'kflbƉ+ ;'v;ƖþƧ;ogfƸb nleŷflk
pkflbƉŢĕ;oá xált. cţ+ lx pkflbƉs+þ cnedfgf ;ųf cųgá hŰ'sĕlg p/ƃ/+ kj];]ŷf xŴtn] ;L;+ sŷflk lgkşlƃ.
cfnásljj/jfo'hnkyljkŝoflg r]tflg ljţf)'ƍfbsĕlg. Pjd]t;] + kťƉ+ k;fbfg+
nŋ)/;kŝ'kŪfgkb];lgƧo±uëfr/Ţĕ;oƍŝoe]b]g jjŴfg+ j]lbtƑ+.
rŋ'klxggnŋ)+ ¿k+, rŋ'ljţf)Ƨ lj;oefj/;+, tƧ]j ±uëfr/efjkŝ'kŪfg+, rt'dxfe"tkbŪfg+, oyf
r]tƧ, Pj+ ;Ƒ];lƕ pkfbf¿kfg+ kbŪfg+ j]lbtƑ+, lj;];+ kg jŋĕd. tlob+ ¿k+
gLnkLtnálxtábftsĕńdlŧŪ;fd%foftkcfnásƈsĕ/flbj;]g cg]sljw+. s]þlr kg æcƈsĕ/á gfd cfnásĕefjdųá Pj, ttá
Pj tŴ ut¿kflg g lbƧƃLÆlt jblƃ, t+ g o'ų+. oyf lx gLnd]#dl)cfbLg+ %fof cfnáslj;lb;f jŰfotge"tf
xált, Pj+ lelųŞbge"ldkƑtflbŞfof r #gLe"tf #¿kflbŞfbgtá cfnáslj;lb;á cƈsĕ/ált bŪƑá,
;átklxggnŋ±)ëf ;Źá, ;átljţf)Ƨ lj;oefj/;á, tƧ]j ±uëfr/efjkŝ'kŪfgá. ;á uLte]l/;Źflbj;]g cg]slj±wëf.
#fgklxggnŋ±)ëf uƈá, #fgljţf)Ƨ lj;oefj/;á, tƧ]j ±uëfr/efjkŝ'kŪfgá. ;á d"nuƈ;f/uƈflbj;]g cg]slj±wëf
lhƢfklxggnŋ±)ëf /;á, lhƢfljţf)Ƨ lj;oefj/;á, tƧ]j ±uëfr/efjkŝ'kŪfgá. ;á d"n/;tr/;fbLg+ j;]g
cg]slj±wëf.
OlŴefjnŋ)+ OlŴlƇo+, OŴLlt ksĕ;g/;+, OlŴlnślgldųs'ųfsƍfg+ sĕ/)efjkŝ'kŪfg+. k'l/;efjnŋ)+
k'l/l;lƇo+, k'l/;ált ksĕ;g/;+, k'l/;lnślgldųs'ųfsƍfg+ sĕ/)efjkŝ'kŪfg+. pleƉƕ];+ OlŴk'l/;lnśfbLg+ sĕ/)efjá
g ;/;tá clŴ s]þglr kŝo]g g];+ kŝoefjƧ kŪfg] cgfutųf, cųgá kg hgskŝoe"tcfudgtáj. OlŴk'l/;fg+
kllgotlnślgldųs'ųfsƍefjfg'u')¿kfglƕ lgod]g pƍşgtá, lnślgldųflbjáxf/fgť tƍwfgtá kŝoefjá, OlƇoefjá
r kl/ofotá j'ųá. t]g]j lx OlŴpetáƓŧgsƧ k'l/l;lƇofefj]lk k'l/;lnślgldųflbƓŧg+, k'l/;petáƓŧgsƧ
OlŴlƇofefj]lk OlŴlnślgldųflbƓŧgť k'l/dsƙtá Pj pƍşlt. olb lx g];+ t+t+OlƇo]g]j kllgotƓŧgflg pƍş]Ɯ'+,
b'ltoƓŧgƧ cefjá cfkşlt. g lx t];+ efjƀo+ clŴ. olb l;of, ;Ƒbflk ƓŧgƀoƧ efjƍ;śá l;of.
OlŴpetáƓŧgsƧ lx OlŴlƇod]j ljşlt, g Ot/+. tƧ kg obf OlŴo+ /fulrų+ pƍşlt, tbf k'l/;Ɠŧg+ kft'ejlt,
OlŴƓŧg+ klŞƉ+ xált. tyf Ot/Ƨ Ot/+. oƨf kg];+ Psd]j OlƇo+ lgot+ tƨf OlŴpetáƓŧgs]ĕ ;olƕ uư+
uŲflt, k/lƕ uŲfk]lt. k'l/;petáƓŧgs]ĕ k/+ uŲfk]lt, ;o+ kg g uŲflt. oyf t];+ petáƓŧgsĕg+ sƙ;xfo+
/fulrųd]j Ɠŧgsĕ/)+, g efjá, Pj+ ksltlŴk'l/;fglƕ efjƀohgssƙflbkŝoá Pj t+t+lnślgldųflbsĕ/)lƃ ux]tƑ+.
peolƕ r]t+ k&dslƍsĕg+ kjų] ;d'Ūflt, ttá ck/ef±uë kl;lƈod]j, ;Ƒ];+ kg kjų] Pj kl/jųlt. Od];' r
k'l/;lnś+ pųd+, OlŴlnś+ xLg+, tƨf k'l/;lnś+ anjcs';n]g cƃ/wfolt, OlŴlnś+ b'Ƒns';n]g kltŪflt. OlŴlnś+
kg cƃ/wfoƃ+ b'Ƒnfs';n]g cƃ/wfolt, Ot/+ anjs';n]g kltŪflt. Pj+ peolƕ ;'ulto+ cs';n]g]j cƃ/wfolt,
s';n]g]j kltŪflt. sĕoƍ;fbá ljo r ;sn;/L/Ɠfksd]j, g r sĕoƍ;fbfbLg+ l&tásĕ;] ltŪlt.
olb Pj+ g ;ƑŴ sĕoefljlƇofgLltĠ g]j+ k/dŴtá ;ƑŴ, ljlgư'lhŷf kg];+ cásĕ;e]b+ kţfk]t'+ g ;Ŋĕ
¿k/;fbLg+ ljo. g lx k/dŴtá ¿k] /;á clŴ. olb l;of, ¿kƮx±)ëg]j ux)+ uŞ]Ɯ. Pj+ sĕoefljlƇoflg
k/dŴtá g ;ƑŴ, g r ;ƑŴ glŴ ljj]r]t'+ c;Ŋ'þ±)ëƜtfo x]Ūf j'ųnŋ)flbjjŴfgtálk r];+ c;lƙƧtf b];tá g
ljj]sĕefj]lk. g s]þjnť Odfg]j, ;Ƒflglk ¿kflg c;lƙƧfg]j xálƃ. oyf lx kťjŰ]g sƍf;]g jƸũ sŷf bLk] hlnt]
lsťflk hĕnf Psĕaźf ljo xálƃ, tƧ tƧ kg c+;'gá kflo]Ŋ+þ hĕnf cţdţ+ c;lƙƧfj. Pj+ sĕoefljlƇofbLlg PsƸƨ &fg]
;dá;flglk leƉŪfg];' x]Ū'kl/oflbj;]g glŴ, tflglk c;lƙƧfg]j xálƃ.
;xh¿kfg+ cg'kfngnŋ)+ hËljltlƇo+, t];+ kjųg/;+, t];+o]j &kgkŝ'kŪfg+, ofklotƑwƙkbŪfg+.
clŴŋ±)ë Pj r]t+ ;xh¿kflg cg'kfn]lt pbs+þ ljo pƍnfbLlg, g eśŋ±)ë ;o+ leşdfgųf, oyf;s+þ kŝo'ƍƉ]lk r wƙ]
kfn]lt wftL ljo s'df/+, ;o+kjlųtwƙ;Ɨƈ]g]j r kjųlt lgofds]ĕ ljoflt bŪƑ+.
dgáwft'dgáljţf)wft"g+ lgƧonŋ)+ xbojŴ', tf;ţ]j wft"g+ wf/)/;+, pƑxgkŝ'kŪfg+. Ob+ kg xbojŴ'
ob]t+ cƃá;/L/] lƀƉ+ ygfg+ dŢ] aflx/kųflg ckg]ŷf c±wëfd'vŪlkt/ųkb'dds'n;Ůfg+ alx dŪ+, cƃá s]ĕ;ftsËmþnƧ
cưƃ/;lb;+, kţjƃfg+ ±yëfs+þ ljsl;t+, dƆkţfg+ ds'lńt+, xbod+;ods+þ kl/lŋlkŷf jŊþosglsnádslkxsĕboá
ltŪlƃ. tƧ ;;Ƙf/xbod+;Ƨ cƃá k'ƉfulŪkltŪfgdų] cfjfs]þ ;lŮt+ cźk;tdųnálxt+ ;Ůflt. tť /furl/tƧ
/ų+, bá;rl/tƧ sĕńs+þ, dáxrl/tƧ d+;±wëfjgpbs;lb;+, ljtŊþrl/tƧ s'nŴo";jŰ+, ;źfrl/tƧ sl)sĕ/k'ƎþjŰ+,
a'lźrl/tƧ cŞ+ ljƍ;Ɖ+ cgfljn+ ků/+ kl/;'ź+ lgźáthĕltdl) ljo h'ltdƃ+ xált, Ɠfk]ŷf ;ƈf/)flblsŝ]lx e"t]lx
st"ksĕ/+ cfo'gf cg'kflnodfg+ jŰflbkl/j't+ pt'lrųfxf/]lx pkŴlƘodfg+ dgáwft'dgáljţf)wft"gť]j t+;ƕo'ųfgť
jŴ'efj+ ;fwodfg+ ltŪlt.
cleŊþdflbƍjųslrų;d'Ūfgjfoáwft'of ;xh¿ksĕo;ƅƘg;ƈf/)rngƧ kŝofsĕ/ljsĕ/nŋ)f sĕoljţlų,
clwƍfoƍsĕ;g/;f, sĕoljƎþƆgx]t'efjkŝ'kŪfgf lrų;d'Ūfgjfoáwft'kbŪfgf. jrLe]bƍjųslrų;d'ŪfgkyjLwft'of
67
pkflbƉ#ũgƧ kŝofsĕ/ljsĕ/nŋ)f jrLljţlų, clwƍfoƍsĕ;g/;f, jrL#á;Ƨ x]t'efjkŝ'kŪfgf,
lrų;d'ŪfgkyjLwft'kbŪfgf. peák]tf sĕoljƎþƆgjrL#á;]lx ;o+ ljţ]Ɯųf, clwƍfoljţfkgtá r æsĕojrLljţlųoáÆlt
j'ŝlƃ. rŋ';átkyƸƨ lx &ŷf s]þglr xŴljsĕ/;L;'lŋkgflbsĕoljsĕ/], ;Ź] jf st] tyfkjų¿k;Źfotgflg
rŋ';átljţ]Ɯflg, g tflg ljţlųoá, lrų;d'lŪtsnfkutfo kg jfoáwft'of ;xhĕt¿ksĕo;ƈf/)rngfbLg+ kŝoe"tá
ljsĕ/á sĕoljţlų, tyf lrų;d'lŪtkyjLwft'of pkflbƉ#ũgƧ kŝoe"tá cfsĕ/ljsĕ/á jrLljţlų. g r tf
rŋ';átljţ]Ɯf, tf kg dgáƀfl/shjg]lx tfnkŰflb;ţfo pbkfgfbLlg ljo oyfulxtsĕoljsĕ/jrL#á;fg';f/]g
lt/Şfgfglƕ ljţ]Ɯf, tbg';f/]g]j æOblťbť P; sĕ/]lt, jblt rfÆlt clwƍfoá r ljţ]Ɯá xált, tƨf ;o+ ljţ]Ɯtá,
clwƍfoljţfkgtá r æljţlųoáÆlt j'ŝlƃ.
tŴ r dgáƀfl/shjgjLlyo+ ;ų;' sĕdfjr/hjg];' sĕoljţlųhgs]þ;' k'l/d]lx %lx hjg]lx ;d'lŪtjfoáwft'oá
pkŴƘg;ƈf/)lsŝd]j sĕt'+ ;Ŋþálƃ, cleŊþdfƸb kg lgƎþfb]t'+ g ;Ŋþálƃ. ;ųdhjg;d'lŪtf kg x]Ūf %lx hjg]lx
;d'lŪtjfoáwft'oákŴƘ+ nleŷf ;ųlx o'±uëlx cfslŬtƑef/+ ;s+ ;ųdo'uo'ų±uëf±)ëf ljo Ot/%o'uo'ų±uëf±)ëfkŴƘ+ nleŷf
¿ksĕoƧ cleŊþdklŊþdfƸb sĕ/]t'+ ;Ŋþált, Pj+ jrLljţlųhgs]þlk ;ųdhjg]lx ;d'lŪtfo kyjLwft'oflk pkflbƉ#ũgƧ
kŝoefjá j]lbtƑá. Ow kg k'l/dhjg;d'lŪtfo pkŴƘsų+, ;ųdhjg;d'lŪtfo rngkŝoųť glŴ t];+
jfoáwft'lsŝųf, k'l/d;xutf kg klŞdf kyjLwft' pkflbƉ#ũg;dŴf xált, ;];+ tflb;d]j. lrų;d'lŪtsĕo] kg
jfoáwft'of rnƃ] tb'kŴlƘtt];d'Ūflgsĕglƕ rngtá ;snsĕoƧ cleŊþdfboá xálƃ pbs]þ uŞƃ] tŴ klttlt)kŰflg
ljoflt bŪƑ+.
¿kkl/Ş]bnŋ)f cfsĕ;wft', ¿kkl/oƃƍsĕ;g/;f, ¿kdl/ofbkŝ'kŪfgf, c;Ɩ'þŪefjkŝ'kŪfgf,
l%Źljj/efjkŝ'kŪfgf jf, kl/lŞƉ¿kkbŪfgf, ofo kl/lŞƉ];' ¿k];' æObldtá pź+, c±wëf, ltl/oÆlƃ r xált.
cbƈtfnŋ)f ¿kƧnx'tf, ¿kfg+ u?efjljgábg/;f, nx'kl/jlųtfkŝ'kŪfgf, nx'¿kkbŪfgf.
cyźtfnŋ)f ¿kƧd'b'tf, ¿kfg+ yźefjljgábg/;f, ;Ƒlsl/of;' clj/álwtfkŝ'kŪfgf, d'b'¿kkbŪfgf.
;/L/lsl/ofg's"þnsƙţefjnŋ)f ¿kƧsƙţtf, csƙţtfljgábg/;f, cb'Ƒnefjkŝ'kŪfgf, sƙţtf¿kkbŪfgf. Ptf
kg ltƧálk cţdţ+ g ljhxlƃ, u?yźcsƙţ¿kklkŋefj]g r ;d'lŪtfg+ pt'lrųfxf/hĕg+ nx'd'b'sƙţe"tfg+ ¿kfg+
ljsĕ/tfo r kl/ofotá u?yźfsƙţefjljgábglsŝf j'ųf, g kg ;efjtá ;o+ cljşdfgųf.
cfronŋ±)ëf ¿kƧpkroá, k'Ƒƃtá ¿kfg+ pƙ'şĕkg/;á, lgƜftgkŝ'kŪfgá, kl/k'Űefjkŝ'kŪfgá jf,
pklrt¿kkbŪfgá. kjlųnŋ)f ¿kƧ;ƃlt, cg'ƍaƈg/;f, cg'kŞ]bkŝ'kŪfgf, cg'ƍaƈs¿kkbŪfgf peoƕ]t+
hĕlt¿kƧ]jflwjrg+. ;lƕlůtfg+ lx rt';d'Ūflgs¿kfg+ k&d'ƍlų pkroá gfd, pk¿k?ƍlų ;ƃlt gfd. t]g]j tf;+
kbefhgLo] æoá ¿kƧ pkroá, ;f ¿kƧ ;ƃtLÆlt ‘w0 ;0642’ j'ų+, cfsĕ/gfgųtá kg lj;'+ plŹŪf.
¿kkl/kfsnŋ)f ¿kƧh/tf, pkgog/;f, ;efjfgkud]lk gjefjfkudkŝ'kŪfgf jLlxk'/f)efjá ljo,
kl/kŝdfg¿kkbŪfgf. v±)ë v±)ë leşdfgflk r];f pkflbƉ];' vůbƃflbtá, cg'kflbƉ];' ?ŋntfbL;' jŰljsĕ/flbtá r
cƃ/ƃ/f r ;'ljţ]Ɯljsĕ/ųf ækfsh/f, ;jLlrh/fÆlt r j'ŝlt, dl)sgsrƆ;"l/ofbL;' b'ljţ]Ɯųf, lg/ƃ/ųf r
æckfsh/f, cjLlrh/fÆlt j'ŝlt. ólb;];' lx sƍljgf;flbsĕn] ljsĕ/tá h/f kţfo]Ɯ. ;Ƒbflk kg
ckţfodfgljsĕ/ųf c¿kwƙ];' h/f klŞƉh/f gfd. g r tŴ jŰljsĕ/fboá h/f t];+ rŋ'ljţ]Ɯtá. g lx h/f
rŋ'ljţ]Ɯf, dgáljţ]Ɯf kg xált. oyf cá#]g kl/leƉe"ldcflbbƧg]g clbŪálk cá#á ;'ljţ]Ɯá xált, Pj+ ljsĕ/bƧg]g
h/flt ux]tƑ+.
kl/e]bnŋ)f ¿kƧclgŝtf, ;+;Lbg/;f, vojokŝ'kŪfgf, kl/leşdfg¿kkbŪfgf. g s]þjnť]tflg
pkroflbrt"lx ulxtflg hĕlth/fd/)flg ¿kwƙfgd]j c¿kwƙfglƕ xálƃo]j. Ptflg r Od];+ ;ųfg+
c/ţƍj];skljŪkl/kftskltt#ftsrá/]lx oyfŊþd+ ;lb;fgLlt bŪƑflg.
cáhĕnŋ±)ëf sańLsĕ/á cfxf/á, ¿kfx/)/;á, pkŴƘgkŝ'kŪfgá, sań+ sŷf cfxl/tƑjŴ'kbŪfgá. co+
nŋ)flbtá ljlgŞoá.
;śxtá kg ;Ƒƕ]t+ ¿k+ vƈtá Psljw+ ¿kŋƈáj xált, tyf cx]t's+þ ;ƍŝo+ ;řt+ nálso+ ;f;j+ ;ţáhgLo+
cá#gLo+ oáugLo+ gLj/)Lo+ k/fdŪ+ ;+lsn]l;s+þ cgf/ƙ)+ cƍxftƑlƃcflbgf r Psljw+, t+ k'g e"tákfbfoj;]g b'ljw+,
tyf lgƎþƉflgƎþƉflbj;]g r. tŴ kyjLcfbLlg rųfl/ dxfe"tflg e"t¿k+ gfd, ;];+ pkfbf¿k+ gfd. kyjLcfboá
;ų/;, sańLsĕ/á cfxf/á r]lt cŪf/;ljwlƕ k/dŴtá ljşdfgųf lgƎþƉ¿k+ gfd, Ot/+ clgƎþƉ¿k+ gfd. rŋĕboá
kť k;fbf, efjƀo+, hËljltlƇolƃ cŪljwlƕ OlƇo¿k+ gfd, Ot/+ clglƇo+. tflg OlƇoflg r]j xboťflt gjljwlƕ
pkflbƉ+, Ot/+ cg'kflbƉ+, kť k;fbf, rųf/á ¿k;Źuƈ/;f, cfkáwft'ljjlşte"tųoťflt ƀfb;ljwlƕ cáńfl/s¿k+,
;lƃs]þ¿k+, ;ƍl#¿kť, ;];+ ;'v'd¿k+, b"/]¿k+, cƍl#¿kť. k;fbf, xboť jŴ'¿k+, Ot/+ cjŴ'¿k+. k;fbf,
ljţlųƀoť ƀf/¿k+, Ot/+ cƀf/+. k;fbf cŢlųs¿k+, ±uëfr/Ʈflxs¿kť, Ot/+ aflx/+, c±uëfr/Ʈflxs¿kť. rųfl/
e"t¿kflg, ¿kuƈ/;cáhĕ rflt Ob+ ;'źŪs+þ cljlgưáu¿k+ gfd, Ot/+ ljlgưáu¿k+.
rŋ' grŋ"lt Pjdflbj;]g r b'ljw+ xált. k'g t+ ;lgbƧglųsj;]g ltljw+ xált. tŴ ¿kfotg+
;lgbƧg;ƍl#+, ;];dáńfl/s¿k+ clgbƧg;ƍl#+, ;Ƒlƕ ;'v'd¿k+ clgbƧgcƍl#+. tyf sƙhĕlblųsj;]g. tŴ
gjljw+ pkflbƉ¿k+, ;'źŪs+þ, cfsĕ;á r sƙh+ gfd, ljţlųƀo+, nx'tflbųoť ;Źá r csƙh+ gfd, pkroflbrt'lƑw+
nŋ)¿k+ ch+ gfd. ;'źŪs+þ, cfsĕ;á, ljţlųƀo+, nx'tflbųo+, ;Źá r lrųh+ gfd, tbj;];+ nŋ)¿klj/lxt+ clrųh+
gfd, nŋ)¿k+ ch+ gfd. ;'źŪs+þ, cfsĕ;á, nx'tflbųoť cfxf/h+ gfd, ;];+ nŋ)jlşt+ cgfxf/h+ gfd, nŋ)+ ch+
gfd. ;'źŪs+þ, cfsĕ;á, nx'tflbųo+, ;Źá r pt'h+ gfd, ;];+ nŋ)lj/lxt+ cg't'h+ gfd, nŋ)+ ch+ gfd. nŋ)flg lx
68
hĕodfghËodfgkl/leşdfgwƙfg+ ;efjtfo s'tálr hĕltjáxf/+ g nelƃ e];lƕ hĕltcflbƍ;śtá. g lx æhĕlt hĕolt,
h/f hË/lt, d/)+ dLotLÆlt jáxl/t'+ o'ų+ cgjŪfgtá. tbj;];fg+ kg cfsĕ;ljţųflbclgƎþƉfg+ olblk k/dŴtá
cljşdfgtfo g s'tálr pƍlų clŴ, tyflk tyf tyf kjų¿k+ pkfbfo g];+ ljşdfgjáxf/Ƨ]j x]t';d'ƍƉjáxf/Ƨflk
lj/áwfefjtá ;x]t'stf j'ųf. o+ kg kflńo+ æ¿kfotg+»k]0 ¿kƧ pkroá ¿kƧ ;ƃlt sańLsĕ/á cfxf/á. Od] wƙf
lrų;d'ŪfgfÆltcfbL;' ‘w0;01202’ hĕltoflk s'tálr hĕtų+ j'ų+, t+ ¿khgskŝofg+ lsŝfg'efjnŋ±)ë lbŪųf ¿k'ƍlųŋ±)ë
ljşdfgt+ ;ƈfo j'ų+, h/fd/)fg+ kg ¿k'ƍlųŋ±)ë cefjtá g j'ų+. æh/fd/)+, leŋj], clgŝ+ ;řt+ klŝ;d'ƍƉÆlƃ
‘;+0lg0 2=20’ Ob+ kg h/fd/);L;]g tyfkjųljţf)gfd¿kfbLgd]j ulxtųf j'ųlƃ j]lbtƑ+. o+ t+ ¿k+ cŢlųs+þ, t+
pkfbf, o+ t+ ¿k+ aflx/+, t+ clŴ pkfbf, clŴ gá pkfbflt Pjdflbgf go]gflk ltljw+ xált.
k'g t+ ;Ƒ+ lbŪ;'td'tljţftj;]g rt'lƑw+ xált. tŴ ¿kfotg+ lbŪ+ gfd, ;Źá ;'t+ gfd, uƈ/;mþáŪƑflg
kŷfj ux]tƑtá d't+ gfd, ;];+ dg;f ljţftƑtá ljţft+ gfd. tyf ¿k¿krt'Ŋĕlbj;]g rt'lƑw+, tŴ cŪf/;ljw+
lgƎþƉ+ ¿k¿k+ gfd, cfsĕ;á kl/Ş]b¿k+ gfd, ljţlųƀo+, nx'tflbųoť ljsĕ/¿k+ gfd, pkroflbrt'lƑw+ nŋ)¿k+
gfd. tyf xbojŴ' jŴ', g ƀf/+ gfd, ljţlųƀo+ ƀf/+, g jŴ' gfd, rŋĕboá kť k;fbf jŴ' r]j ƀf/ť gfd, ;];+
g]j jŴ' g ƀf/+ gfdflt Pjdflbgf go]g rt'lƑw+.
t+ k'g Pshĕlbj;]g kťljw+. gjljw+ lx pkflbƉ¿k+ sƙ]g]j, ljţlųƀoť lrų]g]j pƍşgtá Psh+ gfd,
;Źá pt'lrų]lx pƍşgtá lƀh+ gfd, nx'tflbųo+ pt'lrųfxf/]lx pƍşgtá lth+ gfd, ;'źŪs+þ, cfsĕ;á r rt"lxlk
pƍşgtá rt'ş+ gfd, nŋ)flg ch+ gfd. Pjdflbgf kťljw+ xált.
t+ k'g rŋ';át#fglhƢfsĕodgOlƇoljţ]Ɯj;]g %lƑw+. ;ųljţf)wft'ljţ]Ɯj;]g ;ųljw+. tb]j
dgáljţf)wft'ljţ]Ɯ+ e"tákfbfoj;]g lƀwf sŷf cŪljw+ xált. tŴ lx cfkáwft' dgáljţf±)ëg]j ljţ]Ɯ+ e"t¿k+ gfd,
Ot/+ k;fb;lxt;'v'd¿k+ dgáljţf)ljţ]Ɯákfbfo¿k+ gfd. tb]j k'g dgáljţf)ljţ]Ɯákfbfo¿k+ OlƇoflglƇoj;]g
lƀwf sŷf gjljw+ xált. t+ k'g k;fblj;ocfkáwft'efjxbohËljtkl/Ş]bljsĕ/nŋ)cfxf/j;]g b;ljw+ xált.
tb]j k'g rŋĕotg+ ;átfotg+ #fgfotg+ lhƢfotg+ sĕofotg+ ¿kfotg+ ;Źfotg+ uƈfotg+ /;fotg+
mþáŪƑfotg+ wƙfotglƃ Pj+ cfotgtá Psĕb;ljw+ xált, tyf wft'j;]g. tŴ cfkáwft'ljjlşte"tųo+ mþáŪƑfotg+
mþáŪƑwft' æsĕoljţ]Ɯ+, sĕoljţf)ljţ]ƜÆlƃ r j'ŝlt, ;'v'd¿k+ wƙfotg+ wƙwft"lt, tb]j k;fb;lxt+ ædgáljţ]Ɯ+,
dgáljţf)ljţ]ƜÆlƃ r j'ų+. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j.
sƨf kg]Ŵ cfkáwft'ljjlştfgţ]j e"tfg+ mþáŪƑtf j'ųf, gg' cfkáwft'lk ;Ltj;]g m'þl;ŷf j]lbtƑfltĠ g
;LtƧflk t]h]ĕwft'ųf. pŲd]j lx ;Ltlƃ ƓklbƧlt. sl&gfsl&gt+ pkfbfo ?ŋĕlblj/ńŞfof ljo, t+ jf pkfbfo
;ƆŞfoflb, cţyf sƧ]t+ ;Ltų+ ;efj+ l;of. æcfkáwft'ofÆ Olt r]. olb Pj+ pŲábsĕbL;' cfkų+ g l;of cfkát]hĕgť
;xkjųfg+ lj?źnŋ)ųf, g r ;f t]h]ĕ;lƉwfg] ;Ltų+ ljxfo ltŪlt. g lx ;efjf s]þglr ;xefj]g t+;efj+ hxlƃ
cefjfklųtá, gflkƧf ;Ltefj+ d'lťŷf ck/;efjá clŴ, o]g ;xefjá o'ş]Ɯ. olb l;of æcfká ;LtųÆlƃ, efjƀo+
l;of cţáţljnŋ);efjųf efjƧ, cyflk g ;Ltų+, cfkáwft'of ;¿k+ ;Ltu'±)ëf, ;á r pŲ;lƉwfg] ljuŞlt, u')L¿kd]j
ltŪtLlt r]Ġ tbf tƸx ;o+ cmþáŪƑfj cfkáwft', g lgotmþƧjtLlt r l;of, oá r ;LtmþƧá u'±)ëflt ;'j'ųá, ;á cƛ]lx
t]h]ĕwft'lj;];ált.
cod]j lj;];ált r], gg' ;Ltų+, pŲųť cţáţlj?ź+, sy+ t]h]ĕwft'of ;efj+ l;ofltĠ gfo+ bá;á Pssnfk]
t];+ ;Ƙjfefjtá, leƉsnfk];' kg kjlųo+ cfnásƈsĕ/gLnkLtfbLg+ jŰfotgtf ljo t]h]ĕwft'ų+ g lj?ŢtLlt. olb
cfkáwft'of g ;Ltų+ ;¿k+, Ƹs kgƧf ;¿klƃĠ ſjtf. olb Pj+ ſjtflk m'þl;ŷf `ftƑtá mþáŪƑ+ l;ofltĠ g ;LtfƸb
m'þl;ŷf dg;fj jŰ+ lbƩf `ftƑtá. cƈsĕ/] ;oƃf lx clt;Ltntfo kųfƸb m'þl;ŷf æpbs+þ PŴfÆlt cf;lŘtf xálƃ,
pbs+þ jf m'þl;ŷf ;ƍflb;lţgá, tƨf cmþáŪƑd]j cfkáwft', Ot/e"tųod]j mþáŪƑlƃ ux]tƑ+.
Ƹs kg]t+ e"tųo+ Pstá cf/ƙ)+ sŷf sĕoljţf)+ pƍlşt'+ ;Ŋþált, g ;ŊþátLltĠ g ;Ŋþált. sƨfĠ
cfe'lhtj;]g jf pƧbj;]g jf t];' Psd]jf/ƙ)+ sŷf pƍşgtá. cfe'lhtj;]g lx cábgyflno+ l;Ŵ+ ux]ŷf yźd'b'efj+
jLd+;ƃƧ, pŲábsefhg] jf xŴ+ cátf/]ŷf pŲefj+ jLd+;ƃƧ, pŲ;do] jf jftkfg+ ljjl/ŷf jft]g ;/L/+ kx/fk]ƃƧ r
tŴ tŴ lsťflk Ot/+ e"tųolƕ clŴ, oyfe'lht+ kg t+t+kyjLt]h]ĕjfoáwft'd]j oyfŊþd+ cf/ư sĕoljţf)+ pƍşlt. Pj+
cfe'lhtj;]g cf/ƙ)+ s/ált gfd. pƧbj;]g kg e'ŧg;do] ;ŋ/+ *+;ƃƧ, d±Ʈë jf cƸƮ cŊþdƃƧ, anjjft]g jf
sŰ;ŋlnolƕ kx/ƃƧ r tŴ tŴ lsťflk Ot/e"tųolƕ clŴ, oyfpƧb+ kg t+t+kyjLt]h]ĕjfoáwft'd]jf/ư oyfŊþd+
sĕoljţf)+ pƍşlt. clƮlƛ jf lgd'Ʈ;sn;/L/Ƨ olblk Psƍxf/]g clƮgf sĕoá #ũLolt, oƸƨ oƸƨ kg &fg]
sĕoƍ;fbá pƧƉá xált, oŴ oŴ jf kg lj;o#ũgflg#+;á anjf xált, tŴ tŴ]j k&d+ sĕoljţf)+ pƍşlt, kŞf
Ot/Ūfg];'. v)kl/ųtfo kg ;x;f kl/jlųŷf pƍşgj;]g Psƍxf/]g ;sn;/L/+ *ƞdfg+ ljo vfolt. g lx
PsƸƨ v±)ë ax"lg ljţf)flg pƍşlƃ, Ɠfk]ŷf jf Ps+þ. Ps]þsƸƨ kg cljlgưá±uë sĕob;s]þ Psd]j sĕoljţf)+ pƧbj;]g
pƍşlt, Pj+ Ot/jŴ";'lk ljţf)fg+ cljlgưá±uë kb];] Ps]þsĕgd]j pƍlų j]lbtƑf. Pj+ pƧbj;]g cf/ƙ)+ s/ált
gfd.
s]þg kg lrųƧ cf/ƙ);Řlƃ xátLltĠ cŢĕ;otá, lj;oflwdųtá jf. gfgf&fg];' lx lrųkldfbLlg
klƧt'sĕdƧ k&d+ PsŪfg] lbƩf ttá Ot/Ūfg];' r ¿kflg klƧt'+ ;/;]gfjşg+ pƍşlt. Pj+ cŢĕ;otá ;Řlƃ xált.
¿kf/ƙ)+ kg dxƃlƕ kƧƃƧ ;Ƒt"l/olgŔá;] plŪt] t+ jf ;')ƃƧ dg'ţfdg'ţ] clwdųuƈ/;mþáŪƑ] OlƇo];' #lũt]
Otl/t/] lrų+ ;Řdlt, Pj+ lj;oflwdųtá ;Řlƃ xátLlt cod]Ŵ ;śxtá ljlgŞoá. ;'ţtá, kg ctLtflbj;]g kŝ]s+þ
cgƃƍe]btá r ljlgŞoá lrųljelųo+ j'ųgofg';f/]g oyfg'¿k+ j]lbtƑá.
69
;d'Ūfgtá, kg]Ŵ ejoágL;' kjlųŊþdtá r klsŰssyf j]lbtƑf _ rt';d'Ūflgsĕlg lx ¿kflg pƍşdfgflg
ƀL;' ej];' rt";' oágL;' b;sĕlbsnfkj;]g]j kl;lƈƍjųL;' oyf;Ƙj+ ;d'ƍşlƃ. tŴ sƙh];' tfj jL;ltof
sĕdfjr/s';nfs';n]lx sĕdnás]þo]j ;+;]bhĕg+, cákkfltsĕgť % jŴ"lg, efjƀo] cţt/+, hËljtťflt cŪ ¿kflg oyf;Ƙj+
kl;lƈtá kŪfo kft'ejlƃ. tflg r ;'źŪs+þ, hËljtť hËljtgjs+þ, tb]j gjs+þ rŋ'gf ;x rŋ'b;s+þ, ;át]g ;átb;s+þ,
#fg]g #fgb;s+þ, lhƢfo lhƢfb;s+þ, sĕo]g sĕob;s+þ, xbojŴ'gf jŴ'b;s+þ, efjţt/]g efjb;sťflt gj snfkf x'ŷf
pƍşlƃ. gk'+;sĕg+ kg]Ŵ efjb;s+þ glŴ, tyf hŝƈfbLg+ rŋ';át#fgb;sĕlg. Pj+ cůhhnfa'hĕglƕ, t];+ kg
kl;lƈlrų]g ;x sĕojŴ'efjb;sĕg]j pƍşlƃ, ttá kjlųsĕn] hËljtgjsrŋ'b;sĕbLlg oyfg'¿k+ pƍşlƃ. ¿kej] kg
#fgb;sĕlbųo+, efjb;sƀo+, pb/lƮgjsť glŴ, ;];flg kťlx ¿kfjr/s';nsƙ]lx kl;lƈtá ke'lt pƍşlƃ.
cţţLg+ kg kťdŢĕgs';n]g hËljtgjsd]j. Pj+ sĕd¿kfjr/sƙ;d'lŪtf gj ¿ksnfkf ƀL;' ej];' rt";' oágL;'
oyf;Ƙj+ kl;lƈtá kŪfo ofj r'ltlrųákl/;ų/;dlrųƧ l&lt, tfj lrųƧ pƍfbl&lteś;řft];' tL;' v±)ë;' lg/ƃ/+
cŢų;ƃfg] Pj pƍşlƃ, ttá ke'lt cg'ƍlşŷf r'ltlrų]g ;x lg?Ţlƃ.
lrųhĕlg kg kťjásĕ/ej] lƀkťljţf)cf?ƍljkfsjlştkť;ųltlrų]lx cųgá cųgá pƍlųŋ±)ë Pj
;d'Ūflktflg k&dejśd'kfbfo r'ltlrųkl/oá;fg+ cŢų;ƃfg] Pj ;'źŪs+þ, tb]j sĕoljţlųof ;x sĕoljţlųgjs+þ,
jrLljţlų;Ź]lx jrLljţlųb;s+þ, nx'tflbųo]g nx'tfb]sĕb;s+þ, sĕoljţlųnx'tfbLlx ƀfb;s+þ, jrLljţlų;Źnx'tfbLlx
t]/;sťflt % snfkf x'ŷf oyfoáu+ kjųlƃ. ¿khgslrų];' r]Ŵ ;ádgƧ;xutsĕdfjr/hjgflg
Ol/ofkyljţlųx;g;lxt+ ;Ƒ+ lrųh¿k+ ;d'Ūfk]lƃ, ;];sĕdfjr/hjgfleţfjáŪƑgflg x;gjş+, cƍgfhjgflg r
Ol/ofkyflblj/lxtd]j, oyfkjų+ kg Ol/ofky+ cljgƧdfg+ pkŴƘ]lƃ. ;];flg kg
¿kfjr/ljkfsdgáwft'tbf/ƙ)flg Ps"þgjL;lt tlƕ g s/álƃ, ;'źŪs+þ, ;Źgjs+þ, nx'tfb]sĕb;s+þ,
;Źnx'tflbƀfb;sťflt rųf/á snfk] pƍfb]lƃ, tŴflk ;Ƒ];lƕ kl;lƈlrųflg, c/xƃfg+ r'ltlrųflg, c¿kej"kkƉflg
r g lslť ¿k+ ;d'Ūfk]lƃ, cf?ƍljkfslƀkťljţf)flg ;Ƒyf g pƍfb]ƃLlt.
cfxf/hĕlg kg sĕdej] Pj cŢáxfxf/] l&t]g l&ltƍų]g cáhĕ;řft]g cfxf/]g ;d'lŪtflg cŢų;ƃfg] Pj
;'źŪs+þ, nx'tfb]sĕb;sťflt ƀ] snfkf x'ŷf ofjtfo's+þ kjųlƃ, g ¿ke"ldo+. pt'hĕlg cŢlųsaflx/]g t]h]ĕwft';řft]g
l&ltƍų]g pt'gf cŢų;ƃfg] ;d'lŪtflg ;'źŪs+þ, ;Źgjs+þ, nx'tfb]sĕb;s+þ, ;Źnx'tfb]sĕb;s+þ, ;Źnx'tflbƀfb;sťflt
rųf/á snfkf x'ŷf ofjtfo's+þ, alxźf kg kyjLkƑtb]jƔƪljdfgfbL;' ;'źŪs+þ, ;d'Ź#á;flb;Źgjsťflt ƀ] snfkfj
x'ŷf kjųlƃ. cfsĕ;nŋ)flg r]Ŵ ;Ƒsnfk];' ljşdfgflglk snfk;śx] jáxf/fefjf g u)Lolƃ. kl;lƈŋ±)ë r]Ŵ
pt'lrųfxf/hĕlg g xálƃ, g ;ƑŴflk pƍlųŋ±)ë h/fd/)fgLlt Pj+ rt';d'Ūflgs¿kƧ ejoágL;', kl;lƈƍjųL;' r
kjlųŊþdá j]lbtƑá.
clkr ƀfrųfnL;fo s]ĕŪf;fg+ j;]gflk r]Ŵ tƧ cŢų+, dxfe"tflbj;]g alxźf r kjlų Pj+ j]lbtƑf _
cŢlųsĕ lx s]þ;f nádf»k]0 s/L;+ dŴn'ślƃ Od] jL;lt kyjflwss]ĕŪf;f, lkų+»k]0 d'ųlƃ Od] ƀfb; cfkflwss]ĕŪf;f,
o]g r ;ƃƍlt, o]g r hË/lt, o]g r kl/*ƞlt, o]g r cl;tkLtvflot;flot+ ;ƙfkl/)fd+ uŞtLlt Od] rųf/á
t]hĕlwss]ĕŪf;f, pź+udá c±wëfudá s'lŞ;oá s]ĕŪf;oá cśdśfg';f/L cƧf;kƧf;á rflt Od] % jfo'clwss]ĕŪf;flt ƀ]rųfnL;
s]ĕŪf;f xálƃ. t];' pbl/o+ s/L;+ k'Ƒá d'ųlƃ Od] rųf/á s]ĕŪf;f pt'hĕ. Pjd]t];' Ps]þs+þ pt'hŪsd]j xált, ;]bá cƧ'
±vëńá l;Ŝfl)sĕlt Od] rųf/á pt'lrųhĕ, t];' Ps]þsƸƨ ƀ] ƀ] cŪsĕ xálƃ. cl;tflbkl/kfrs]ĕ t]h]ĕ sƙh]ĕj, tŴ
hËljtgjsd]j. cƧf;kƧf;á kg lrųh]ĕj, tŴ lrųh;Źgjsd]j. Od] b; s]ĕŪf;] &k]ŷf ;];f ƀƸų; rt'hĕ.
tŴ cŪ;' t]h]ĕjfoás]ĕŪf;];' Ps]þsƸƨ hËljtgjsť]j tLl) r pt'lrųfxf/hŪsĕlg xálƃ, jfoás]ĕŪf;];' r]Ŵ
pt'lrųh;Źgjslƕ xált, ;];];' rt'jL;ltof s]ĕŪf;];' s]þ;nádgvbƃfg+ d+;ljlgd'ųŪfg+ &k]ŷf ;ƑŴ ƀ] sĕoefjb;sĕlg,
tLl) r cŪsĕlg, d+;d'ų];' kg s]þ;fbL;' pt'hŪsd]j xált. tflg r oyfj'ųb;sgjsŪsĕlg ;sn;/L/ƓfkL;'
trd+;?lx/fbL;', cƓfkL;' r s]þ;fbL;' s]ĕŪf;];' cljlgưá±uë PsƸƨ c)'kb];] xáƃLlt kŝ]s+þ cgƃfkl/df)f,
cgƃwft'kŝoųf t];+ ;/L/Ƹƨ lx k/df)'e]b;ť'Űflg cgƃflg rųfl/ dxfe"tflg r]j ;pkfbf¿kflg r cţáţkŝoe"tflg
cŢų+ ƀfrųfnL;s]ĕŪf;;/L/f/áxkl/)fx;Ůfgflbgf, alxźf r kyjLkƑtflbgf r cfsĕ/]g oyfkŝo+ ;d'ƍƉflg.
dfofsĕ/fboá ljo g afnhgƍaáwsĕlg xálƃ.
kyjLwft' r]Ŵ ;'v'd;ť'Űf /he"tf Pj cfkáwft'of ;ślxtf, t]h]ĕwft'of cg'kflntf, jfoáwft'of ljŴlƘtf,
jŰfbLlx kl/jfl/tf g ljlsl/odfgf cŢų+ OlŴk'l/;lduklŋb]jƔƪflb;/L/efj+, alxźf r
kyjLkƑt?ŋb]jƔƪnásrƆ;"l/ogŋųdl)sgsĕlbefjť pkuŞlt, o";utf aƈge"tf kg]Ŵ cfkáwft' kyjLkltlŪtf.
cj;];fg'kfngljŴƘgkl/kfrgkl/jfl/tf g kŔ/lt, ckŔ/dfgf kLl)tefj+ bƧ]lt, p;'dųutf t]h]ĕwft'
;];wft'kltŪfg;śxljŴƘgkl/jfl/tf Od+ sĕo+ kl/kfr]lt, jŰ;ƕlųťƧ ck"ltefjť ;f±wëlt, jfoáwft'
ljŴƘg;d'bL/);efjf ;];wft'kltŪfg;śxfg'kfngkl/jfl/tf ljŴƘ]lt rfn]lt, ;/L/ljdfgfbLg+
udgflbkbjLltx/)fbLg+ l&ltť ;ƕfb]lt. rtƧálk r]tf ;Ƙ"o kyjLclwstfo s]þ;flbefj+, kyjLkƑtflbefjť,
cfkflwstfo lkųflbefj+, ;d'Źhnflbefjť, jfo'clwstfo pźśdjftflbefj+, kyjL;ƈf/sjftflbefjť, t]hĕlwstfo
kl/kfrslƮcflbefj+, g/slƮcflbefjť ;f±wëlƃ, of;+ ks]ĕk]g /áuh/fd/)ť]j sƍljgf;fboá r xálƃ. Pjd]tf;+
r'Űljr'Űfg+ wft"g+ ;ťoųf kŝ]s+þ cgƃfkl/df)f snfkf Pj cŢlųss]ĕŪf;f xálƃ, tyf aflx/flg ¿kflg. tflg r t]g
t]g kŝo]g tyftyfsĕ/]g ;d'lbtfj pƍşlƃ r]j pƍlşƧlƃ r.
olb k&d+ wft'oá c)'¿k]g &ŷf kŞf ;+o'şlƃ, tyf &fg] ljlgoáufefjtá ck/]gflk kl/ofo]g r]Ŵ sƙh+
sƙkŝo+ sƙkŝopt';d'Ūfg+, cfxf/h+ cfxf/kŝo+ cfxf/kŝopt';d'Ūfg+, pt'h+ pt'kŝo+ pt'kŝopt';d'Ūfg+, lrųh+
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lrųkŝo+ lrųkŝopt';d'Ūfglƃ Pj+ ;d'Ūfge]bá j]lbtƑá. tŴ pkflbƉ¿k+ sƙh+ gfd, d+;d'ųs]þ;nádbƃl;Ŝfl)sĕlb
sƙkŝo+ gfd, ;ƕlųs/dxfd]#kyjLkƑtflb, rŊþ/tgb]jljdfgflb r sƙkŝopt';d'Ūfg+ gfd. cfxf/tá ;d'lŪt+
;'źŪs+þ cfxf/h+ gfd, sańLsĕ/á cfxf/á cfxf/hƧ hgs]ĕ x'ŷf sƙhƧ cg'kfns]ĕ xátLlt tbg'kflnt+ sƙh¿k+ cfxf/kŝo+
gfd, lj;efufxf/+ ;]ljŷf cftk] uŞƃƧ sĕńs'ŪfbLlg pƍşlƃ, Ob+ cfxf/kŝopt';d'Ūfg+ gfd. sƙhpt'tá ;d'lŪt+
;'źŪs+þ pt'h+ gfd, tƸƨ pt' cţ+ cŪs+þ ;d'Ūfk]lt, Ob+ pt'kŝo+ gfd, tlƨlƕ pt' cţ+ cŪs+þ ;d'Ūfk]lt, Ob+
pt'kŝopt';d'Ūfg+ gfd. Pj+ pkflbƉs]þ ltƧá Pj ;ƃltoá #ũ]t'+ ;Ŋþálƃ, cg'kflbƉs]þ kg jnfxs]ĕ pt'h+ gfd,
j'lŪwf/f pt'kŝo+ gfd, b]j] kg j'Ū] kyjL uƈ+ d'ťlt, aLhĕlg lj?xƃLlt Pj+ o+ cgƃ+ ;ƃltj;]g kjų+, Pt+
pt'kŝopt';d'Ūfg+ gfd. lrųtá ;d'lŪt+ ;'źŪsĕlb lrųh+ gfd, lrų]g kŞfhĕtkŝoefj]g pkŴlƘtá sĕoá lrųkŝo+
gfd, cleţflrų]g alxźf ;d'ŪflktxlŴcƧflbs+þ lrųkŝopt';d'Ūfg+ gfd. klsŰssyf.
¿kfƓfst+ lglŪt+.
lgƑfgfƓfstjŰgf
lgƑfgfƓfst+ kg e"ldtá nás'ų/d]j, wƙtálk r Psd]j, e]bá glŴ, nŋ)flbtá kg ;lƃnŋ)+ lgƑfg+,
lgjlųnŋ)+, c;řtnŋ)+ jf, cŝ'lt/;+ clgldųkŝ'kŪfg+, c;řttfo kgƧ sĕ/sx]t'lj/xtá kbŪfg+ glŴ,
kfksx]t'j;]g kg]t+ æb'ŋlg/áwufldlgklkbfÆltcflbjrgtá ‘lje0206’ æcl/odƮkbŪfgÆlƃ jų'+ jũlt. ;śxtá
kg e]bfefjf vƈ];' ;śx+ g uŞlt, cfotgfbL;' wƙfotgwƙwft";' ;śx+ uŞlt. ;'ţtá kg cų;'ţ+, ;nŋ)wf/)tá
cgųs+þ wƙdų+, c;řttfo jf cŝƃųf r clgŝtf;'ţ+, b'ŋtf;'ţ+, /fuflb;'ţ+, lgldų;'ţlƃ kjų+ ;'ţlƃ ux]tƑ+.
e]btá kg ;lƃnŋ)flb;efjtá Psljwlƕ sĕ/)kl/ofotá ;pkflb;];lgƑfgwft', cg'kflb;];lgƑfgwft' r]lt
b'ljw+ xált. ;/;j;]g kg kl/slƍtfsĕ/e]btá ;'ţt+ clgldų+ cƍl)lxtlƃ ltljw+ xált. ;řtwƙe]bd'kfbfo
kllŋlktƑfsĕ/tá g lrų+, g r]tl;s+þ, g ¿k+, g ctLt+, g cgfut+, g kŝ'ƍƉ+, g d±Ʈëf, g mþnlƃcflbgf cgƃƍsĕ/+
xált.
lgƑfgfƓfst+ lglŪt+.
Pj+ OdƸƨ s';nlųs]þ cj'ųá ;efjwƙá gfd glŴ. c;efjwƙ];' kg]Ŵ lsťflk ¿kwƙfg+ kl/Ş]bfsĕ;nŋ)flg
Pj j'ųflg, sl;)flbklefulgldųflg kg sl;)'Ŕfldfsĕ;á, ljţf)fefjá, lg/áw;dfklų, ltƧá
gfdk'Ʈnpkfbfkţlųoá, c¿kwƙfg+ clgŝtflbnŋ)fboá r g j'ųf, tyflk t];lƕ ;efjwƙƓlt/]sĕefjtá ux)+ xált,
tƨf co+ lts]ĕ lgƍb];lųs]ĕlt j]lbtƑá oyf r]Ŵ, Pj+ Otá k/];'lk ltsb's]þ;' kţlųƮx)fefj]lk lg/j;];k/dŴƮx±)ëg]j
lgƍb];tf, ljkl/ofotá ;ƍb];tf r j]lbtƑf. oŴ kg ;ƙ'ltƮx)+ clŴ, tŴ jŋĕd.
¿klgƑfgsůá lglŪtá.
Olt dáxljŞ]blgof
clewƙdfltsŴ;+jŰgfo
s';nlųs;+jŰgf lglŪtf.
j]bgflųsĕlbjŰgf
Obflg s';nlųsĕgƃ/+ j]bgflųsĕbLg+ cŴjŰgf cg'ƍųf, oƨf kg ø−fo+ s';nlųsƧ _
æcŴtá e"lde]bf r, kŝ]s+þ ;ƕoáutá.
pŹ];tá r wƙfg+, nŋ)flbljefutáÆltĶ _
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cflbgf dflts+þ lglŋlkŷf æs';nf tfj wƙf e"ldtá rt'lƑwf xálƃ sĕdfjr/f»k]0 nás'ų/fÆltPjdflbgf ljlgŞogoá
j'ųá, ;á Pj ;];lųsb'sĕglƕ oyfoáu+ xált. oyf lx PŴ, Pj+ æ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųf tfj wƙf e"ldtá ltljwf xálƃ
sĕdfjr/f ¿kfjr/f nás'ų/fÆltcflbgf cg'Ŋþd]g ;Ƒlųsb'sĕglƕ klůt]lx ;Ŋĕ ljlgŞogo+ ;Ɵŋ]t'+, tƨf t+ ljŴf/go+
jş]ŷf lgŋ]ksů], cŴ'źf/sů] r j'ųfg';f/tá gflt;ř]kljŴf/go]g j]bgflųsĕbLg+ ltsb'sĕg+ _
kbŴf t+;¿kf r, gjųƑljefutá.
ljlgŞoá ljhĕgLoá, tŴ tŴ oyf/x+Ķ
tŴ j]bgflųs]þ kbŴtá tfj æ;'vfo j]bgfofÆltcfbL;' ;'v-;Źá
;'vj]bgf;'vd"n;'vf/ƙ);'vx]t';'vkŝoŪfgcƓfaŢlgƑfgfbL;' lbƧlt. co+ lx æ;'vƧ r kxfgfÆltcfbL;'
‘bL0lg01=232 w0;0165 lje0594’ ;'vj]bgfo lbƧlt. æ;'±vëf a'źfgd'ƍfbáÆltcfbL;' ‘w0k0194’ ;'vd"n. ]
æoƨf r ±vëf, dxfln, ¿k+ ;'v+ ;'vfg'kltt+ ;'vfjŊþƃÆlƃcfbL;' ‘;+0 lg0 3=60’ ;'vf/ƙ±)ë. æ;'vƧ]t+, leŋj],
clwjrg+, olbb+ k'ţfgLÆltcfbL;' ‘c0lg0 7=62 Oltj'022’ ;'vx]t'lƛ. æofjlťb+, leŋj], g ;'s/+ cŋĕg]g kfk'l)t'+,
ofj ;'vf ;Ʈf ‘d0lg03=255’. g t] ;'v+ khĕglƃ, o] g kƧlƃ gƆgÆlƃ ‘;+0lg0 1=11’ cfbL;' ;'vkŝoŪfg].
ælbŪwƙ;'vljxf/f Pt] wƙfÆltcfbL;' ‘d0lg01=82’ cƓfaŢ]. ælgƑfg+ k/d+ ;'vÆlƃcfbL;' ‘w0k0203-204
d0lg0215 217’ lgƑfg]. Ow kgfo+ ;'vj]bgfod]j bŪƑá.
j]bgf-;Źá æljlbtf j]bgf pƍşƃLÆltcfbL;' ‘d0lg03=208’ j]blotƸƨ o]j jųlt. b'ŋ-;Źá
b'ŋj]bgfb'ŋjŴ'b'ŋĕ/ƙ)b'ŋkŝob'ŋkŝoŪfgfbL;' lbƧlt. co+ lx æb'ŋƧ r kxfgfÆltcfbL;' ‘bL0lg01=232 w0;0165
lje0594’ b'ŋj]bgfo+ lbƧlt. æhĕltlk b'ŋĕÆltcfbL;' ‘bL0lg02=387 lje0190’ b'ŋjŴ'Ƹƨ. æoƨf r ±vëf, dxfln,
¿k+ b'ŋ+ b'ŋĕg'kltt+ b'ŋĕjŊþƃÆlƃcfbL;' ‘;+0lg0 3=60’ b'ŋĕ/ƙ±)ë. æb'ŋ]ĕ kfkƧ pŝoáÆltcfbL;' ‘w0k0117’
b'ŋkŝo]. æofjlťb+, leŋj], g ;'s/+ cŋĕg]g kfk'l)t'+, ofj b'ŋĕ lg/ofÆltcfbL;' ‘d0lg03=250’ b'ŋkŝoŪfg].
Ow kgfo+ b'ŋj]bgfod]j bŪƑá.
jrgŴá kg]Ŵ _ ;'volt ;ų+, ;'Ū' jf vfblt, vglt r sĕolrųfafwlƃ ;'vf, sĕlosr]tl;sĕg+
;'v;ádgƧfgd]t+ clwjrg+. b'ŋotLlt b'ŋĕ, sĕlosr]tl;sĕg+ b'ŋbádgƧfgd]t+ clwjrg+. g b'ŋĕ g ;'vflt cb'ŋd;'vf,
pk]ŋĕo]t+ clwjrg+. d-sĕ/á kb;lƈs/á. Pj+ tLlx kb]lx kťljwflk j]bgf ulxtf. ;Ƒflk cf/ƙ)/;+ j]lbolƃ
cg'ejƃLlt j]bgf. oá kgfo+ tL;'lk kb];' ;ƕo'ų-;Źá, tƧŴá _ ;d+ ksĕ/]lx o'ųflt ;ƕo'ųf, st/]lx ksĕ/]xLltĠ
æclŴ s]þlr wƙf s]þlxlr wƙ]lx ;xutf ;xhĕtf ;+;Ūf Ps'ƍfbf Pslg/áwf PsjŴ'sĕ Psĕ/ƙ)fÆlt ‘syf0473’ Pj+ j'ų]lx
Od]lx Ps'ƍfbtfbLlx rt"lx ksĕ/]lx. pŊþŪlgŹ];á r];. cf?ƍ] lx ljgflk PsjŴ'sefj+ ;ƕoá±uëf nưtLlt. ;];+
j'ųŴd]j. co+ tfj]Ŵ kbŴtá ljlgŞoá.
t+;¿kflt tƧ kbŴƧ ;¿kdųbƧgtá. tŴ ;'v;xut+ sĕoljţf)+, ;ádgƧ;xutflg cŪf/;
sĕdfjr/lrųflg, k&db'ltotltort'ŴŢĕlgsĕlg rt'rųfnL; ¿kfjr/nás'ų/lrųflg rflt t];lŪ lrųflg ;'vfo j]bgfo
;ƕo'ųf gfd tyf b'ŋ;xut+ sĕoljţf)+, ƀ] bádgƧ;xutflg rflt tLl) lrųflg b'ŋĕo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųf gfd. ;];flg
pk]ŋĕ;xutflg kťkţf; lrųflg cb'ŋd;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųf gfd. oyf r lrųfg+ ;'vflb;ƕoá±uëf, Pj+ t+lrų;ƕo'ųfg+
r]tl;sĕglƕ. g s]þjnť PŴ]j, Otá k/];'lk ltsb's]þ;' lrųj;]g]j t+;ƕo'ųr]tl;sĕglƕ ;śxá j]lbtƑá oŴ kg
lj;];á xált, tŴ jŋĕd. Ow kg r]tl;s]þ;' ;ƍLltsĕlg j]bgfjlştflg % r]tl;sĕlg Pj kťlxlk j]bgflx ;ƕo'ųflg,
Ot/flg kg sĕlos;'vb'ŋjlştflx tLx]j. t];' r kLltjlştf kť oyfoálusĕ r]j dáxá clxl/s+þ cgáųƍ+ pźŝ+ lyg+
ldźťflt Od] Psĕb; oyfoáu+ tLlxlk. tŴflk ljtŊþljrf/f dxƮtnás'ų/e"tfo ;'vfo Pj, kLlt kg ;ƑŴ ;'vfo
Pj, bá;OƧfdŞ]/s'Ŋ'þŝflg b'ŋĕo Pj, ljlrlsŞf pk]ŋĕo Pj, ;];flg cŪjL;lt;ádgƧ'k]ŋĕlx Pj j]bgflx ;ƕo'ųflg,
tŴflk s?)fd'lbtf dxƮte"tfo ;'vfo Pjflt co+ lj;];á. ;];+ lrų;ƕoáu;lb;+. co+ ;¿ktá ljlgŞoá.
gjųƑljefutált OdƸƨ lts]þ ;Ƒf j]bgf ;Ƒ+ ¿k+ lgƑfg+ ;ƙ'ltoált Od] wƙf æ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųfÆlt
jf æb'ŋĕo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųfÆlt jf æcb'ŋd;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųfÆlt jf g jųƑf. g lx j]bgf j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųf xált
¿kfboá jf, tƨf Od] OdƸƨ lts]þ g nưlƃ. coť ;ƍb];lųs]ĕ xált. oyf r]Ŵ, Pj+ Otá k/];'lk ltsb's]þ;'
gjųƑoáhgf. o+ olƨť g j'ų+ clŴ, tƧ ;ƍb];tf j]lbtƑf. Otá k/+ kg oŴ c;ślxtf wƙf xálƃ, tŴ t];+
ljefu+ bƧ]ŷf æOd] gjųƑfÆlt Pųsd]j jŋĕd, t]gƧ ;ƍb];tflk `ftƑf. oŴ kg c;ślxtf glŴ, t+ lgƍb];lƃ
jŋĕd. t]g tŴ gjųƑfefjálk ljţftƑá. ;ƑŴ kg dflts+þ cg'źl/ŷfj kbŴ+, t+;¿kljefuť jŋĕd. co+
gjųƑljefutá ljlgŞoá.
j]bgflųs+þ lglŪt+.
ljkfslųs]þ cţdţljl;Ūfg+ s';nfs';nfg+ kfsĕlt ljkfsĕ, ljkŊþefjdfkƉfg+ c¿kwƙfgd]t+ clwjrg+. lsťflk
c¿kwƙf ljo ¿kwƙflk sƙ;d'Ūfgf clŴ, cgf/ƙ)ųf kg t] sƙ;l/ŋsĕ g xáƃLlt ;f/ƙ)f c¿kwƙfj sƙ;l/ŋųf
ljkfsĕlt j'ųf aLh;l/ŋs+þ mþn+ ljo. oyf lx ;flnaLhtá lgŋƃ;L;d]j ;flnmþnlƃ j'ŝlt, g cŘ'/fbLlg, tflg kg
æ;flnhĕtflg, ;flnlgƑųflg rfÆlt j'ŝlƃ, Pj+ sƙ;lb;f c¿kwƙfj æljkfsĕÆlt j'ŝlƃ, ¿kwƙf kg sƙhĕ
æpkflbƉfÆlt j'ŝlƃ. ljkfswƙwƙflt ljkfs;efjf wƙf. oyf lx hĕlth/f;efjf ;ųf æhĕltwƙf h/fwƙfÆlt
j'ŝlƃ, Pj+ ljkfshgsŪ]g ljkfs;efjf ljkfsksltsĕ wƙflt cŴá. tltokb+ peo;efjklŋ]kj;]g j'ų+, co+
kbŴá.
tŴ rt";' e"dL;' %Ƹų; ljkfslrųflg ljkfsĕ gfd, tyf PsjL;lt s';nflg, ƀfb; cs';nflg rflt t]Ƹų;
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ljkfswƙwƙf gfd, tL;' e"dL;' jL;lt lsl/olrųflg, ;Ƒť ¿k+, lgƑfgťflt Od] g]jljkfsgljkfswƙwƙf gfd.
r]tl;s]þ;' kg r'Ź; cs';nf ljkfswƙwƙf Pj, lj/ltoá l;of ljkfsĕ, l;of ljkfswƙwƙf, tbj;];f kg l;of
ljkfsĕ, l;of ljkfswƙwƙf, l;of g]jljkfsgljkfswƙwƙflt lrų+ ljo ltljwf xáƃLlt co+ lj;];á, ;];+ lrų;d+, Obť
lgƍb];lųslƃ j]lbtƑ+.
ljkfslųs+þ lglŪt+.
cf/ƙ)s/)j;]g tŲflbŪLlx pk]t]g sƙ'gf cflbƉf mþnefj]g ulxtflt pkflbƉf, cf/ƙ)efj+ pkuƄf
pkfbfg;Ɨƈ]g pkfbfgfg+ lxtflt pkfbflgof, pkfbfgƧ cf/ƙ)kŝoe"tfgd]t+ clwjrg+. pkflbƉf r t] pkfbflgof
rflt pkflbƉ'kfbflgof, ;f;jsƙlgƑųfg+ ¿kf¿kwƙfgd]t+ clwjrg+. Oldgf go]g ;];kbƀo]lk kl;]w;lxtá cŴá
j]lbtƑá.
tŴ ƀƸų; nálsoljkfslrųflg, gj sƙhsnfkf r pkflbƉ'kfbflgof gfd. cj;];nálsolrųflg r]j
csƙh¿ksnfkf r cg'kflbƉ'kfbflgof gfd. nás'ų/lrųlgƑfgflg cg'kflbƉcg'kfbflgof gfd. lsťflk vL)f;jfg+
pkfbfgŋƈf æcƛfs+þ dft'nŴ]/áÆltcflbgf jbƃfg+ k/];+ pkfbfgƧ cf/ƙ)kŝof xálƃ, dƮmþnlgƑfgflg kg lbj;+
;ƃųcoáu'ńá ljo dlŋsĕlx t]h'Ƨbųf pkfbfg]lx cg'kflbƉfg]j. c;+lslnŪc;+lsn]l;s]þ;'lk P;]j goá. r]tl;s]þ;' kg
s';nf cg'kflbƉ'kfbflgof Pj, s?)fd'lbtf l;of pkflbƉ'kfbflgof, l;of cg'kflbƉ'kfbflgof lj/ltoá kg l;of
cg'kflbƉ'kfbflgof, l;of cg'kflbƉcg'kfbflgof, ;];f lrų+ ljo ltljwf xálƃ, Obť lgƍb];lųslƃ j]lbtƑ+.
pkflbƉ'kfbflgolųs+þ.
;+lsn];]tLlt ;+lsn];á, ljafwlt pktfk]tLlt cŴá. ;+lsn];]g ;ƕo'ųf ;+lslnŪf, ;+lsn];;xutflt cŴá.
cųfg+ cf/ƙ)+ sŷf kjųg]g ;+lsn];+ c/xlƃ, ;+lsn];] jf lgo'ųf tƧ cf/ƙ)efj+ cgltŊþdgtált ;+lsn]l;sĕ, ;+lsn];Ƨ
cf/ƙ)kŝoe"tfgd]t+ clwjrg+. ;+lslnŪf r t] ;+lsn]l;sĕ rflt ;+lslnŪ;+lsn]l;sĕ. ;];kbƀo+ k'l/dlųs]þ j'ųgo]g]j
j]lbtƑ+.
tŴ ƀfb; cs';nlrų'ƍfbf ;+lslnŪ;+lsn]l;sĕ gfd. ;];nálsolrųflg r]j ;Ƒ+ ¿kť c;+lslnŪ;+lsn]l;sĕ
gfd. nás'ų/lrųflg, lgƑfgť c;+lslnŪc;+lsn]l;sĕ gfd. r]tl;s]þ;' kg cs';nf ;+lslnŪ;+lsn]l;sĕj, s?)fd'lbtf
c;+lslnŪc;+lsn]l;sĕj, ;];s';nfƓfstf l;of ;+lslnŪ;+lsn]l;sĕ, l;of c;+lslnŪ;+lsn]l;sĕ, l;of c;+lslnŪc;+lsn]l;sĕlt
ltwflk xálƃ, Obť lgƍb];lųs+þ. ;+lslnŪ;+lsn]l;slųs+þ.
;ƕoáuj;]g jųdfg]g ;x ljtŊ]þg ;ljtŊĕ, tyf ;x ljrf/]g ;ljrf/f, ;ljtŊĕ r t] ;ljrf/f rflt
;ljtŊþ;ljrf/f. peo/lxtf cljtŊþcljrf/f. ljtŊþljrf/];' ljrf/áj dųf kdf)d]t];lƃ ljrf/dųf, ljrf/tá pųƸ/
ljtŊ]þg ;Ƹź ;ƕoáu+ g uŞƃLlt cŴá. cljtŊĕ r t] ljrf/dųf rflt cljtŊþljrf/dųf.
tŴ lƀkťljţf)jlştsĕdfjr/lrųflg r]j Psĕb; dxƮtnás'ų/k&dŢĕlgslrųflg r t+;ƕo'ų];' ljtŊþljrf/]
&k]ŷf ;];f r ;ljtŊþ;ljrf/f gfd. t];' ljtŊþá Psĕb; b'ltoŢĕlgsdxƮtnás'ų/flg r t+;ƕo'ų];' ljrf/+ &k]ŷf ;];f
r cljtŊþljrf/dųf gfd. b'ltoŢĕlgs]þ;' ljrf/á, ;];f kťrųfnL; dxƮtnás'ų/lrųflg, lƀkťljţf)flg, t+;ƕo'ųf r
;Ƒť ¿k+, lgƑfgť cljtŊþcljrf/f gfd. clkr s';nr]tl;sĕ ;ljtŊþ;ljrf/fj, ljtŊþá cljtŊþljrf/dųáj, ljrf/á
kg b'ltoŢĕlgs]þ;' l;of cljtŊþcljrf/á, ;ljtŊþlrų];' l;of g jųƑá, cj;];f kg ;Ƒ] r]tl;sĕ wƙf ltwflk xálƃ.
OdƸƨ kg lts]þ ljtŊþ;xhĕtá ljrf/áj g jųƑá. ljtŊþlųs+þ.
kLltof ;x Ps'ƍfbflbefj+ utflt kLlt;xutf, kLlt;ƕo'ųflt cŴá. ;];kbƀo]lk P;]j goá. pk]ŋĕlt
r]Ŵ cb'ŋd;'vf j]bgf j'ųf. ;f lx ;'vb'ŋĕsĕ/ƍjƸų pk]ŋlt dŢųfsĕ/;lŮtųf t]gfsĕ/]g kjųtLlt pk]ŋĕ. Olt
j]bgflųstá kbƀod]j ux]ŷf lgƍLlts;'vƧ ;ƍLlts;'vtá lj;];bƧgj;]g co+ lts]ĕ j'ųá.
tŴ kLlt kťljwf v'lŹsĕ vl)sĕ cáŊþlƃsĕ pƑ]uf mþ/)flt. tŴ v'lŹsĕ kLlt ;/L/] nádx+;gdųd]j sĕt'+
;Ŋþált. vl)sĕ kLlt v±)ë v±)ë ljş'ƍfb;lb;f xált. cáŊþlƃsĕ kLlt ;d'ŹtL/+ jLlr ljo sĕo+ cáŊþldŷf cáŊþldŷf
leşlt. pƑ]uf kLlt anjtL xált sĕo+ pźƮ+ sŷf cfsĕ;] nŜfkgƍdf)ƍųf. mþ/)fo kLltof kg pƍƉfo ;sn;/L/+
wldŷf k"l/tjlŴ ljo, dxtf pbs]ĕ#]g kŋƆkƑts'lŞ ljo r cg'kl/Ǝ'þ+ xált. tŴ mþ/)f ¿kfjr/nás'ų/fj, ;];f
sĕdfjr/fj.
;'v+ kg sĕlos+þ, r]tl;sť]lt b'ljw+ xált. ;ltlk r g];+ sŴlr cljƍoá±uë OŪf/ƙ)klnfet'lŪ kLlt,
klnź/;fg'ejg+ ;'v+. oŴ kLlt, tŴ ;'v+. oŴ ;'v+, tŴ g lgodtá kLlt. ;řf/ŋƈ;ślxtf kLlt,
j]bgfŋƈ;ślxt+ ;'v+. sƃf/lvƉƧ jgƃábsbƧg;jg];' ljo kLlt, jgŞfofkj];gpbskl/eá±uë;' ljo ;'v+. tƸƨ
tƸƨ ;do] kfsefjtá r]t+ j'ųlƃ j]lbtƑ+.
tŴ ;'v;xutf, pk]ŋĕ;xutf r j]bgflųs]þ j'ųfj, ;'v;xut+ kg sĕoljţf)+, dxƮtnás'ų/rt'ŴŢĕlgslrų] r
jş]ŷf ;];f kLlt;xutf gfd, tŴ kLlt g kLlt;xutf, ;'v;xutfj xált ;'v+ kg kLlt;xut+ gfd l;of g
kLlt;'v;xutf. OdƸƨ lts]þ ƀ] bádgƧ;xutlrų'ƍfbf, b'ŋ;xut+ sĕoljţf)+, ¿k+, lgƑfgť gjųƑf. r]tl;s]þ;' kg
kLlt ;'v;xutfj, ljlrlsŞf pk]ŋĕ;xutfj, náelblŪdfgf, kťjL;lt s';nfƓfstf r ltwflk xálƃ, r]tl;s;'v+ l;of
kLlt;xut+, k&db'ltotltoŢĕlgs]þ;' rt'ŴŢĕlgs]þ;' l;of gjųƑ+, sĕlos+þ kg ;'v+ b'ŋ+ bádgƧ+ ;Ƒf r pk]ŋĕ bá;á OƧf
dŞl/o+ s'Ŋ'þŝť gjųƑfj, ;];f ;ų/; wƙf l;of ltwflk xálƃ gjųƑflk. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. kLltlųs+þ.
bƧg]gflt ;átfklųd±Ʈëg. ;á lx k&d+ lgƑfgbƧgtá æbƧgÆlƃ j'ųá. ±uëfŶe' kg lsťflk k&dt/+ kƧlt,
oyf kg /ţá ;lƃs+þ s]þglrb]j s/)Lo]g cfutá k'l/;á b"/táj /lysĕo r/ƃ+ xlŴŋƈut+ /fhĕg+ lbƩflk ælbŪá t]
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/fhĕÆlt k'Ūá lbƩflk sĕtƑlsŝƧ cstųf æg kƧfdLÆlt jblt, Pjd]j lgƑfg+ lbƩf sųƑƧ lsn];ƍxfgƧ cefjf
æbƧgÆlƃ g j'ŝlt. t+ lx `f)+ dƮƧ cfjşgŪfg] ltŪlt. efjgfoflt ;];dƮųo]g. ;];dƮųo+ lx k&dd±Ʈëg
lbŪƸƨo]j wƙ] efjgfj;]g pƍşlt, clbŪk'Ƒ+ slť g kƧlt, tƨf æefjgfÆlt j'ŝlt. tltokb+ peoklŋ]kj;]g
j'ų+.
tŴ rųf/á lblŪut;ƕo'ųlrų'ƍfbf, ljlrlsŞf;xutá rflt kť bƧg]g kxftƑfj, pźŝ;xutá efjgfo Pj
kxftƑá, cj;];f % cs';nlrų'ƍfbf ckfox]t'efj]g kjlųtá, cƍjlųtá r l;of bƧg]gkxftƑf, l;of efjgfokxftƑf,
cs';njlştf kg ;Ƒ] lrų'ƍfbf, ¿k+, lgƑfgť g]jbƧg]ggefjgfokxftƑf. r]tl;s]þ;' kg lblŪ ljlrlsŞf OƧf
dŞl/o+ s'Ŋ'þŝ+ bƧg]gkxftƑfj, ;];f cs';nf l;of bƧg]gkxftƑf, l;of efjgfokxftƑflt lthĕltsĕ t]/;ljwf xálƃ,
j'ųfj;];f g]jbƧg]ggefjgfokxftƑfj. o+ kg æ;átfklųdƮ`f±)ëg cle;řf/ljţf)Ƨ lg/á±wëg ;ų ej] &k]ŷf
cgdt±Ʈë ;+;f/] o] pƍş]Ɯ'+ gfdť ¿kť, PŴ]t] lg?ŢƃLÆltcflbgf ‘r"ńlg0clhtdf)jk'ŞflgŹ]; 6’ go]g
s';nfƓfstfglƕ kxfg+ cg'ţft+, t+ t];+ dƮfg+ cefljtųf o] pƍş]Ɯ'+, t] pklgƧokŝofg+ lsn];fg+ kxLgųf kxLgflt Od+
kl/ofo+ ;ƈfo j'ų+, Obť lgƍb];lųs+þ. bƧg]gkxftƑlųs+þ.
bƧg]g kxftƑá x]t' Pt];lƃ bƧg]gkxftƑx]t'sĕ. b'ltokb]lk P;]j goá. tltokb] kg
g]jbƧg]ggefjgfokxftƑá x]t' Pt];lƃ PjdŴ+ cƮx]ŷf g]jbƧg]ggefjgfo kxftƑá x]t' Pt];+ cŴLlt PjdŴá
ux]tƑá. Ot/yf lx cx]t'sĕg+ cƮx)+ ej]Ɯ. x]t' Pj lx t];+ glŴ, oá bƧgefjgflx kxftƑá l;of. ;x]t's]þ;'lk
x]t'jşĕg+ kxfg+ cfkşlt, g x]t"g+. x]t'o]j lx Pt];+ g]jbƧg]ggefjgfokxftƑált j'ųá, g t] wƙf. peolƕ r]t+
cglwƍ]t+, tƨf j'ųgo]g cŴá ux]tƑá. Otá k/+ ;Ƒá ljlgŞoá cgƃ/lųs;lb;áj. s]þjn+ r]tl;s]þ;'
ljlrlsŞ'źŝ;ƕo'ųá dáxá bƧgefjgflx kxftƑx]t's]þ;' g klj;lt ;xhĕtƧ cţƧ x]t'gá cefjf,
g]jbƧg]ggefjgfokxftƑx]t's]þ;' kg klj;lt. náebá;d"nlrų];' kg x]t";' dáxá náe]g r]j bá;]g r ;x]t's]ĕ,
náebá;f r dáx]g]jflt Od] kxftƑx]t'skb] kljŪflt co+ lj;];á, ;];+ tflb;d]jflt. bƧg]gkxftƑx]t'slųs+þ.
sƙlsn];]lx cfrLotLlt cfroá, kl;lƈr'ltultkjlų;řftfg+ pkflbƉŋƈfgd]t+ clwjrg+. tƧ sĕ/)+ x'ŷf
lgƎþfbgefj]g t+ cfro+ uŞlƃ, oƧ jf kjųlƃ, t+ k'Ʈn+ oyfj'ųd]j cfro+ ud]ƃLlt cfroufldgá. ttá Pj
cfro;řftf rof ck]tųf lgƑfg+ ck]t+ roflt ckroá, t+ cf/ƙ)+ sŷf kjųgtá ckro+ uŞƃLlt ckroufldgá.
clkr kfsĕ/+ OŪsjŬsË ljo kjų+ cflrgƃf uŞƃLlt cfroufldgá. t]g]j jŬlsgf lrt+ lrt+ ljź+;odfgá k'l/;á ljo
tb]j kjų+ cklrgƃf uŞƃLlt ckroufldgá. tltokb+ peoklŋ]k]g j'ų+.
tŴ nálsos';nfs';nflg cfroufldgá gfd, rųfl/ dƮflg ckroufldgá gfd ;Ƒflg ljkfsmþnlsl/oflg,
¿k+, lgƑfgť g]jcfroufldgá g ckroufldgá gfd. r]tl;s]þ;' kg cs';nf cfroufldgá Pj, s?)f d'lbtf l;of
cfroufldgá, l;of g]jfroufldgá g ckroufldgá gfd, ;];f ltwflk xálƃ, Obť lgƍb];lųs+þ. cfroufldlųs+þ.
tL;' l;ŋĕ;' hĕtf, ;ųƉ+ jf ;]vfg+ Pt]ltlk ;]vf, ckl/oál;tl;ŋųf ;od]j l;ŋƃLltlk ;]vf. pkl/
l;lŋtƑfefjtá g ;]vflt c;]vf, j'lźƍųf jf ;]vfltlk c;]vf. tltokb+ peoklŋ]k]g j'ų+.
tŴ rųfl/ nás'ų/s';nflg, x]lŪdflg r tLl) ;fdţmþnfgLlt ;ų ;]vf gfd, c/xųmþn+ c;]vf gfd,
nálsolrųflg, ¿k+, lgƑfgť g]j;]vf gf;]vf gfd. r]tl;s]þ;' kg cs';nf r cƍdţf r g]j;]vf gf;]vf Pj, ;];f
ltwflk xálƃ, Obť lgƍb];lųs+þ. ;]vlųs+þ.
;dƃtá vlůtųf cƍdųs+þ kl/ųlƃ j'ŝlt ækl/ų+ ±uëfdolkůÆlƃ ‘;+0 lg0 3=96’ cfbL;' ljo.
sĕdfjr/wƙf lx cƍfg'efjtfo kl/ųf ljoflt kl/ųf. lsn];ljŋƘg;dŴtfo, dxƃljk'nmþntfo, bL#;ƃfgtfo r
dxƃefj+ utf, dxƃ]lx jf pńf/ŞƆjLl/olrųkţ]lx utf klkƉfltlk dxƮtf. kdf)s/f wƙf /fufboá kdf)+ gfd,
cf/ƙ)tá jf ;ƕoáutá jf glŴ Pt];+ kdf)+, kdf)Ƨ r klkŋĕlt cƍdf)f.
tŴ rt'kţf; sĕdfjr/lrųflg, ¿kť kl/ųf gfd, ;ųjL;lt ¿kf¿kfjr/lrųflg dxƮtf gfd,
nás'ų/lrųflg, lgƑfgť cƍdf)f gfd. r]tl;s]þ;' kg cs';nf kl/ųf Pj, cƍdţf kl/ųdxƮtf Pj, lj/ltoá
kl/ųcƍdf)f Pj, ;];f ltwflk xálƃ, Obť lgƍb];lųs+þ. kl/ųlųs+þ.
kl/ų+ cf/ƙ)+ Pt];lƃ kl/ųf/ƙ)f. ;];kbƀo]lk P;]j goá. ;o+ kl/ųf jf xáƃ' dxƮtf jf,
kl/ųflbwƙ] cf/ư kjųf tbf/ƙ)flt j'ŝlƃ.
tŴ t]jL;lt sĕdfjr/ljkfsĕ, lsl/ofdgáwft'cx]t'shjgť kl/ųf/ƙ)fj,
ljţf)ťfotgg]j;ţfgf;ţfotgs';nljkfslsl/oflg dxƮtf/ƙ)fj, cŪ nás'ų/lrųflg cƍdf)f/ƙ)fj, cs';nlrųflg
r cŪ `f)ljƍo'ųhjgflg r l;of kl/ųf/ƙ)f, l;of dxƮtf/ƙ)f, l;of gjųƑf/ƙ)tfo g jųƑf, g sbflr
cƍdf)f/ƙ)f, cŪ `f);ƕo'ųsĕdfjr/hjgflg, cleţf, dgáƀf/fjşgťflt Psĕb; ltwflk xálƃ gjųƑflk. t];' r
s';nflg kť c/xųdƮmþnjlşt;Ƒf/ƙ)flg. tŴflk t+t+;]vfgd]j oyf;s+þ dƮmþnflg cf/ƙ)flg xálƃ, lsl/oflg %
;Ƒyflk ;Ƒf/ƙ)flg, cleţfjlşt¿kfjr/flg r]j % cfsĕ;fgťfotgcflsťţfotglrųflg r lgod]g kţųf/ƙ)tfo,
¿klgƑfgfgť cgf/ƙ)tfo ;Ƒyf gjųƑflt. r]tl;s]þ;' kg cs';nf cs';nlrų;lb;fj, lj/ltoá l;of kl/ųf/ƙ)f,
l;of cƍdf)f/ƙ)f, s?)fd'lbtf gjųƑfj, ;];f ltwflk xálƃ l;of gjųƑflt. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. kl/ųf/ƙ)lųs+þ.
xLgflt nfdsĕ, cs';nf wƙf. xLgk)Ltfg+ dŢ] ejflt dlŢdf, cj;];f t]e"dsĕ ¿kf¿kwƙfj. pųdŪ]g,
ctƍsŪ]g r k)Ltf, nás'ų/lrųlgƑfgflg. r]tl;s]þ;' kg cs';nf xLgfj, s?)fd'lbtf dlŢdfj, ;];s';nfƓfstf
dlŢdk)Ltfj, ;];f ltwflk xálƃ, Obť lgƍb];lųs+þ. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. xLglųs+þ.
ælxt;'vfjxf d] eljƧƃLÆlt Pj+ cf;Ll;tflk tyf cefjtá, c;'efbL;'o]j ;'elƃcflbljk/Ltƍjlųtá r
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ldŞf ;efjflt ldŞųf, ljkfsbfg] ;lt vƈe]bfgƃ/d]j ljkfsbfgtá lgotf, ldŞųf r t] lgotf rflt ldŞųlgotf.
j'ųljk/Lt]g cŴ]g ;ƙf ;efjflt ;ƙųf, ;ƙųf r t] lgotf rflt ;ƙųlgotf. peoyflk g lgotflt clgotf.
cfgƃl/sefj]g kjlųo+ l;of ldŞųlgotf, cţyf kjlųo+ l;of clgotf. cx]t'sclsl/oglŴslbŪL;' lx
cţt/f lblŪ oƧ lgotf, t+ a'ź;tlƕ ljaá±wët'+ g ;Ŋþált. o]g r cgƃ/] Pj cųefj] mþnbfgtá cfgƃl/s]þ;'
dft'#ftslkt'#ftsc/xƃ#fts;Ŝe]bsnálxt'ƍfbs;řft];' kť;' sƙ];' Pslƕ sƙ+ kl#lrų]g st+ xált, ;á
l;g]?ƍdf±)ëlk ;'jŰy"k] sŷf ;snrŊþjfń+ k"/]ŷf lgl;Ɖ;Ɨ'źƍd'v+ ;Ŝ+ ofjhËj+ rt"lx kŝo]lx pkŪlxŷflk t]g s';n]g
cfgƃl/sƧ ljkfs+þ klaflxt'+ g ;Ŋþált, cfgƃl/s]þg kg clws]þg cfgƃl/s+þ klafxlt, tƨf lgotldŞflblŪ cfgƃl/sĕ
r dƮmþnfg+, dxƮtfgť klafxstfo cgƃ/d]j lg/o] ljkfsbfgtá ldŞųlgotf r hĕtf, rųf/á kg dƮf
;ƙųlgotf gfd, ;];lrų¿klgƑfgflg clgotf gfd. r]tl;s]þ;' kg dáxá clxl/s+þ cgáųƍ+ pźŝ+ náeá lblŪ bá;á lyg+
ldźlƃ Od] gj l;of ldŞųlgotf, l;of clgotf, ;];cs';nf, s?)f, d'lbtf r clgotf Pj, ;];s';nfƓfstf l;of
;ƙųlgotf, l;of clgotf, lthĕltsĕ kg ltwflk xálƃ, Obť lgƍb];lųslƃ. ldŞųlųs+þ.
lgƑfg+ dƮlt, lsn];] jf df/]ƃá uŞtLlt d±Ʈëf, cl/od±Ʈëf, ;á cf/ƙ)d]t];lƃ dƮf/ƙ)f. nálsoá
cŪlśs]ĕlk d±Ʈëf kŝoŪ]g Pt];+ x]t"lt dƮx]t'sĕ, dƮ;ƕo'ųf wƙf. d±Ʈë jf x]t"lt dƮx]t", cnáefboá. t] Pt];+ x]t"lt
dƮx]t'sĕ. ;ƙflblŪ ;o+ d±Ʈëf r]j x]t' r, Olt dƮe"tá x]t' Pt];lƃ dƮx]t'sĕ, nás'ų/fj cleeljŷf kjųgŪ]g d±Ʈëf
clwklt cf/ƙ)e"tá, ;xhĕtá jf Pt];lƃ dƮflwkltgá, tb'eo+.
tŴ ¿kfjr/rt'ŴŢĕgs';nlsl/of r cleţfe"tf, dgáƀf/fjşgť l;of dƮf/ƙ)f, l;of gjųƑf, cl/ofg+
lx r]tákl/ocgfut+;`f)flg k/];ţ]j dƮlrųƧ hĕggsĕn] dƮf/ƙ)flg, k'Ƒ]lgjf;`f)dgáƀf/fjşgflg kg cųgá,
k/];ťflk tbţf/ƙ)sĕn] kg gjųƑflg, r]tákl/o`f)Ƨ kg lgod]g k/lrųlj;oųf t]g cųgf clwutdƮ+ cl/of
cfnlƗt'+ g ;Ŋþálƃ, cgfut+;`f±)ëg kg cųgá cgfut] pƍşgsƧ pkl/dƮƧ clj;oųf g ;Ŋþálƃ. cl/of lx oyf;s+þ,
x]lŪdť dƮmþn+ hĕlgt'+ ;Ŋþálƃ, g pkl/d+. tflg kg cleţfhjgflg d±Ʈëg c;xhĕtųf g dƮx]t'sĕlg. dƮ+ u?+sŷf
cƍjųgtá g dƮflwktLlg. g lx tflg lslť cf/ƙ)+ clwkƸt s/álƃ, cƃd;á nás'ų/dlk. sƨfĠ cųgá dxƮttfo
/fhĕg+ lbƩf tƧ dftflkt/á ljo, dgáƀf/fjşg+ kg cųgá cx]t'stfo /fhĕg+ lbƩf v'şr]sĕboá ljo. rųfl/
dƮŪlrųflg ;Ƒbf dƮx]t'sĕ Pj, tfg]j r jLd+;fjLl/ofg+ clwkltefj]g kjlųo+ l;of dƮflwkltgá, Ot/];+ %Ɔlrųfg+
clwkltefj]g kjlųo+ l;of gjųƑf, cŪ `f);ƕo'ųsĕdfjr/hjgflg l;of dƮf/ƙ)f, l;of dƮflwkltgá, l;of
gjųƑf. tflg lx cųgf, k/]lx r klljźdƮkŝj]ŋ)sĕn] dƮf/ƙ)f, cųgá dƮ+ u?+sŷf kŝj]ŋ)sĕn] dƮflwkltgá r
tyfcƍjlųo+ gjųƑf r xálƃ. cl/of lx k/];+ dƮmþnflg kŝj]ŋƃf u?+ s/áƃflk cųgá dƮmþnflg ljo u?+ g
s/álƃ, clk ;ƙf;Ɨ'źfg+. t];' ;átfkƉá ;átfkƉfgd]j dƮmþnflg hĕlgt'+ ;Ŋþált, gfţ];+, ;sbfufdL kg
;sbfufdLglƕ, g cgfufldc/xƃfg+, cgfufdL kg cgfufdLglƕ, g c/xƃfg+, c/xf kg ;Ƒ];lƕ dƮmþnflg hĕgflt,
;áegnálsolrų¿klgƑfgflg gjųƑfg]j. r]tl;s]þ;' kg lj/ltoá nás'ų/s';n] dƮ;lb;fj, cţŴ gjųƑf, s?)f,
d'lbtf, cs';nf r gjųƑf, ;];f ltwflk xálƃ gjųƑf r. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]jflt. dƮf/ƙ)lųs+þ.
pƍƉflt PŴ jųdfge"tfkutcásĕ;ste"ldnźj;]g pƍƉf cg]sƍe]bf xálƃ. tŴ ;Ƒlƕ
pƍfbh/feś;dśL;řft+ ;řt+ jųdfg'ƍƉ+ gfd, cf/ƙ)/;+ cg'eljŷf lg?ź+ cg'e"tfkut;řft+ s';nfs';nť
pƍfbflbųo+ cg'ƍŷf lg?ź+ e"tfkut;řft+, ;];;řtť e"tfkut'ƍƉ+ gfd, æoflgƧ tflg k'Ƒ]stflg sƙfgLÆlt
Pjdflbgf go]g j'ų+ sƙ+ ctLtlƕ ;dfg+ cţ+ ljkfs+þ klaflxŷf cųgá ljkfsƧásĕ;+ sŷf l&tųf, tyfstásĕ;ť ljkfs+þ
cg'ƍƉlƕ Ps+þ;]g pƍşgstá cásĕ;st'ƍƉ+ gfd, tf;' tf;' e"dL;' c;d"xt+ cs';n+ e"ldnź'ƍƉ+ gfd. PŴ r ljkƧgfo
cf/ƙ)e"tf t]e"dsĕ kťŋƈf e"ld gfd, t];' vƈ];' pƍųf/xlsn];hĕtf e"ldnź+ gfd, t]lx lsn];]lx ;f e"ld nźf xátLlt
Pjd]t];' pƍƉ];' Ow jųdfg'ƍƉf clwƍ]tf.
tŶfo+ jrgŴá _ k'Ƒƃtá pƍfbtá kŪfo ofj eśf kƉf utf kjųflt pƍƉf, kŝ'ƍƉflt cŴá g pƍƉflt
cg'ƍƉf. kl/lglŪtsĕ/±)ësb];ųf cjƧ+ pƍlşƧƃLlt pƍflbgá, peo]gflk cgfutfj blƧtf. co+ lx lts]ĕ lƀƉ+ cźfg+
j;]g k"/]ŷf blƧtá. nźásĕ;Ƨ lx sƙƧ ljkfs]ĕ pƍfbL gfd. olb kg cfo"lxts';nfs';n+ sƙ+ ;Ƒ+ ljkfs+þ bb]Ɯ, cƧ
cásĕ;á g ej]Ɯ. t+ kg b'ljw+ xált w'jljkfs+þ, cź'jljkfsť. tŴ kťfgƃl/scŪ;dfklųrt'ŴdƮflb w'jljkfs+þ
gfd. t+ kg sƙ+ v)ƍųlƕ clŴ cƍųlƕ. tŴ v)ƍų+ pƍƉ+ gfd, cƍų+ cg'ƍƉ+ gfd. tƧ b'ljwƧ r ljkfs]ĕ b'lj±wëf
xált v)ƍųá r cƍųá r. tŴ v)ƍųá pƍƉá gfd, cƍųá lrųfgƃ/] jf pƍşt', sƍ;t;xƧfltŊþd] jf w'jkŝoŪ]g
pƍfbL gfd xált. d]ų]ƜƧ aálw;ųƧ d±Ʈëf cg'ƍƉá gfd xált, mþn+ pƍfbL gfd. tŴ rt";' e"dL;' ljkfs]ĕ, sƙh¿kť
jųdfg'ƍƉf gfd, pƍşgf/xf pƍflbgá gfd, g kg jųƑf æcg'ƍƉfÆlt. s';nfs';nlsl/of, sƙh¿kť l;of pƍƉf,
l;of cg'ƍƉf, g kg jųƑf æpƍflbgáÆlt. r]tl;s]þ;' kg cs';nf cs';nlrų;lb;fj, ;];f b'ljwflk xálƃ, ctLtf,
kg]Ŵ lgƑfgť gjųƑf. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]jflt. pƍƉlųs+þ.
cųgá ;efj+, pƍfbflbŋ)+ jf kŷf t+ cltŊþldŷf Otf utf kųflt ctLtf. tb'eolƕ g cfutflt
cgfutf. t+ t+ sĕ/)+ klŝ pƍƉflt kŝ'ƍƉf, ;Ƒ] ;řtf gfd¿kwƙf. g ;řtwƙ];' t]sĕlnsefj+ cƍųá gfd clŴ,
;Ƒ]lk t] ltwf xálƃ. lgƑfg+ kg]Ŵ gjųƑlƃ. ctLtlųs+þ.
ctLt+ cf/ƙ)+ Pt];lƃ ctLtf/ƙ)f. ;];kbƀo]lk P;]j goá.
tŴ s';nljkfslsl/ofj;]g %lƑwflg ljţf)ťfotgg]j;ţfgf;ţfotgflg x]Ūf ctLt;dfkƸų cf/ư kjlųtá
ctLtf/ƙ)flg, lƀkťljţf)dgáwft'oá kŝ'ƍƉf/ƙ)fj, ;];f Psĕb; sĕdfjr/ljkfsĕ, cx]t'sx;glrųť ltwflk xálƃ,
;];sĕdfjr/lsl/os';nfs';nf r cleţfe"t¿kfjr/rt'ŴŢĕgs';nlsl/of r ltwflk xálƃ gjųƑf r. t];' sĕdfjr/fg+
75
ctLtfbL;' %;' cf/ƙ±)ë;' kjlųljef±uëf x]Ūf j'ųáj. gjųƑtf kg t];' `f)ljƍo'ųhjgs';nfg+ kţųf/ƙ)j;]g]j, g
lgƑfgf/ƙ)j;]g, t];'lk ltx]t'shjgfjşgfg+ dƮmþn¿kf¿kŢĕgfg+, k'/]rfl/sefj]gflk lgƑfgrt'ŊþŢĕglj;ofgť
kŝj]ŋ)efj]gflk gjųƑtf j]lbtƑf, cleţfg+ kg Olźljw`f)Ƨ tfj sĕoj;]g lrų+ kl/)fd]ŷf sĕo;lƉlƧt+ sŷf
lbƧdfg]g sĕo]g uŞƃƧ ctLt+ kfbsŢĕglrų+ cf/ư kjųgtá ctLtf/ƙ)+, æcgfut];' ¿kflg Pj+ xáƃ"Ælt clwŪxƃƧ
cgfutf/ƙ)+, sĕo+ kg lrų;lƉlƧt+ sŷf clbƧdfg]g sĕo]g udgsĕn], cŢų+ s'df/jŰfbLg+, alxźfkf;fbs"þfuf/fbLgť
kŝ'ƍƉfg+ lgƙfgsĕn] r kŝ'ƍƉf/ƙ)ť tfj xátLlt Pj+ OlźljwƧ %lƑwlƕ cŢlųs+þ, aflx/ť t]sĕlns+þ cf/ƙ)+ xátLlt
j]lbtƑ+.
lbƑ;átƧ s'lŞut+ cŢlųs+þ, aflx/ť kŝ'ƍƉ+ ;Źfotgd]jf/ƙ)+. r]tákl/o`f)Ƨ ctLt] ;ųlbj;ưƃ/],
cgfut] ;ųlbj;ưƃ/] r k/];ţ]j lrų+ ctLtť cgfutťf/ƙ)+ xált. ;ųlbj;fltŊþd] kg]t+ k/lrų+ hĕlgt'+ g ;Ŋþált.
ctLt+;cgfut+;`f)fg+ lx P; lj;oá, g PtƧ. kŝ'ƍƉlrųhĕggsĕn] kgƧ kŝ'ƍƉdf/ƙ)+ xált.
kŝ'ƍƉť gfd]t+ ltljw+ v)kŝ'ƍƉ+ ;ƃltkŝ'ƍƉ+ cźfkŝ'ƍƉťflt. tŴ pƍfblŪlteśƍų+ v)kŝ'ƍƉ+ gfd.
;ƃltkŝ'ƍƉ+ kg b'ljw+ ¿kf¿kj;]g. tŴ cftkŪfgf cfuƄf uư+ kljŪƧ ofj cƈsĕ/efjá g ljuŞlt, cƃáuư] jf
jl;ŷf lbjf cftkŪfg+ cánás]þƃƧ ofj cŋËg+ mþƆgefjá g j"k;ƙlt, co+ ¿k;ƃlt gfd. ƀ] toá hjgjf/f c¿k;ƃlt
gfd, tb'eo+ ;ƃltkŝ'ƍƉlƃ j]lbtƑ+. Psejkl/lŞƉ+ cźfkŝ'ƍƉ+ gfd. OdƸƨ kg r]tákl/o`f)lj;o]
sltkohjgjf/f cźfkŝ'ƍƉ+ gfd. tŴ v)kŝ'ƍƉ+ lrų+ r]tákl/o`f)Ƨ cf/ƙ)+ g xált cfjşg]g ;Ƹź lg?Ţgtá. g
lx cfjşghjgfg+ PŴ leƉf/ƙ)tf o'ųf. ¿k;ƃltkŝ'ƍƉ+ kg sltkohjgjf/kl/lŞƉ+ cźfkŝ'ƍƉ+ cƧ cf/ƙ)+
xált. Olźdf lx k/Ƨ lrų+ hĕlgt'sĕdá cfjş]lt, t+ cfjlştŋ±)ë kŝ'ƍƉlrųdf/ƙ)+ sŷf t]g]j ;x lg?Ţlt. ttá
tb]j lg?ź+ lrųdfnlƗŷf rųfl/, kť jf hjgflg pƍşlƃ, t];+ klŞd+ Olźlrų+, ;];flg sĕdfjr/hjgflg t];ť
Psĕ/ƙ)ų]lk Olźlrųd]j k/Ƨ lrų+ hĕgflt, g Ot/flg. oyf rŋ'ƀf/jLlyo+ rŋ'ljţf)d]j ¿k+ kƧlt, g Ot/flg,
t];' r cfjşgd]j lgƍl/ofotá kŝ'ƍƉf/ƙ)+, Ot/flg kg cźf;ƃltj;]g kl/ofotált ux]tƑ+, Pjd]tƧ
ctLtfgfutkŝ'ƍƉ+ lrųd]jf/ƙ)+ xált, tť ±vëf k/Ƨ]j, g cųgá.
k'Ƒ]lgjf;`f)+ kg gfd±uëfųsl;)kţųflbcg'Ƨ/±)ë, lgƑfgfg'Ƨ/±)ë r gjųƑf/ƙ)+, ;řtwƙfg'Ƨ/±)ë
ctLtf/ƙ)d]j. tƧ lx ctLt];' ;f;jfgf;j];', cŢlųsaflx/];' r wƙ];' cgf/ƙ)+ gfd glŴ, a'źfg+
;Ƒţ'tţf);dults+þ xált. oyfsƙ"ku`f)Ƨ cŢlųs+þ, aflx/ť ctLt+ s';nfs';nr]tgfdųd]j. ær]tákl/o`f)Ƨ
lrųd]jf/ƙ)+ xált, g t+;ƕo'ųwƙfÆlt cŪsyf;' j'ų+, kŪfg] kg æs';nf vƈf Olźljw`f)Ƨ r]tákl/o`f)Ƨ
k'Ƒ]lgjf;fg'Ƨlt`f)Ƨ oyfsƙ"ku`f)Ƨ cgfut+;`f)Ƨ cf/ƙ)kŝo]g kŝoáÆlt ‘kŪf01=1=404’ j'ųųf
r]tákl/o`f)oyfsƙ"ku`f)fg+ lrų;ƕo'ųflk r]tgf;ƕo'ųflk rųf/á vƈf cf/ƙ)+ xálƃ Pjflt bŪƑ+.
lbƑrŋ'`f)Ƨ kg cŢlųs+þ, aflx/ť kŝ'ƍƉ+ jŰfotgd]jf/ƙ)+. cgfut+;`f)Ƨ %lƑwlƕ cgfutd]j cŢųť
aflx/ťf/ƙ)+, Oblƕ k'Ƒ]lgjf;`f)+ ljo cgfut] ;Ƒţ'tţf);lb;lƃ. Pj+ cleţfg+ ctLtfgfutkŝ'ƍƉ];', gjųƑ];' r
cŢlųsaflx/];' %;' cf/ƙ±)ë;' oyfoáu+ kjlų j]lbtƑf. ;];flg kƉ/; ¿kfjr/lrųflg,
cfsĕ;fgťfotgcflsťţfotgs';nljkfslsl/oflg, cŪ nás'ų/lrųflg, ¿klgƑfgflg r gjųƑflg. r]tl;s]þ;' kg
cƍdţf gjųƑfj. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. ctLtf/ƙ)lųs+þ.
æPj+ kjųdfgf do+ cųflt ux)+ uldƧfdfÆlt Oldgf ljo clwƍfo]g cųfg+ clwsĕ/+ sŷf kjųflt cŢųf.
cŢų-;Źá kgfo+ ±uëfr/Ţų] lgosŢų] cŢųŢų] lj;oŢų]lt rt";' cŴ];' lbƧlt. æcŢų/tá ;dflxtáÆltcfbL;'
‘w0k0362’ lx co+ ±uëfr/Ţų] lbƧlt. æcŢų+ jf wƙ];' wƙfg'kƧL ljx/tLÆltcfbL;' ‘bL0lg02=373’ lgosŢų]. æ%
cŢlųsĕlg cfotgfgLÆltcfbL;' ‘d0lg03=304’ cŢųŢų]. æcŢų+ ;'ţt+ pk;ƕş ljx/tLÆltcfbL;' ‘d0lg03=187’
lj;oŢų], OƧl/oŪfg]lt cŴá. mþn;dfklų lx a'źfg+ OƧl/oŪfg+ gfd. Ow kgfo+ lgosŢų] jųlt, tƨf cųgá ;ƃfg]
kjųf kflk'Ʈlnsĕ ¿kf¿kwƙf Ow cŢųflt j]lbtƑf. ttá alxe"tf OlƇoaźf jf clglƇoaźf jf ¿kf¿kkţlųoá
alxźf gfd, tltokb+ tb'eoj;]g j'ų+.
tŴ ;Ƒflg lrųr]tl;sĕlg OlƇoaź¿k+ ltwf xálƃ, clglƇoaź¿k+, lgƑfgkţlųoá r alxźfj. OdƸƨ lx
lts]þ s';nlųs]þ cnưdfgf kţlųoálk nưlƃ &k]ŷf cflsťţfotgf/ƙ)+, tb]j Ow gjųƑ+. t]g]j lx eujtf cgƃ/lųs]þ
æsl;)flbkţųf/ƙ)flg sĕd¿kfjr/flblrųflg alxźf/ƙ)flg, cflsťţfotgť gjųƑÆlƃ j'ų+, Obť lgƍb];lųs+þ.
cŢųlųs+þ.
oyfj'ų] cŢųflbs]þ cf/ƙ)+ sŷf kjųfg+ j;]g co+ lts]ĕ j'ųá. tŴ %lƑwflg
ljţf)ťfotgg]j;ţfgf;ţfotglrųflg cŢųf/ƙ)fg]j, cfsĕ;fgťfotgųo+, ¿kfjr/nás'ų/lrųflg r alxźf/ƙ)fg]j,
jáŪƑgjlştf cx]t'sdxfljkfsĕ ltwflk xálƃ, cj;];f kg cflsťţfotgjlştflg cfjşghjgflg, cleţf r l;of
ltwflk xálƃ, cflsťţfotgf/ƙ)Ƨ cfjşgkl/sƙkŝj]ŋ)flbefjƍjlųo+ l;of gjųƑflt. t];+ cŢųflbcf/ƙ)tf
cgƃ/lųs]þ, x]Ūf r j'ųgofg';f/]g `ftƑf, cflsťţfotgųo+, kg ¿klgƑfgflg r gjųƑfj. r]tl;s]þ;' kg
cƍdţflj/tL alxźf/ƙ)fj, ;];f ltwflk xálƃ gjųƑf r. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. cŢųf/ƙ)lųs+þ.
bŪƑefj;řft]g ;x lgbƧg]gflt ;lgbƧgf, klxggefj;řft]g ;x kl#]gflt ;ƍl#f, ;lgbƧgf r t]
;ƍl#f rflt ;lgbƧg;ƍl#f, ¿kfotgd]j. gLnflbe]bd'kfbfo kg ax'jrglgŹ];á. glŴ Pt];+ bŪƑefj;řft+
lgbƧglƃ clgbƧgf, clgbƧgf r t] j'ųgo]g ;ƍl#f rflt clgbƧg;ƍl#f, ;];flg cáńfl/s¿kflg. tltokb+
peoklŋ]k]g j'ų+, ;'v'd¿klrųr]tl;slgƑfgflg clgbƧgcƍl#f gfd, Obť lgƍb];lųslƃ j]lbtƑ+. ;lgbƧglųs+þ.
76
ltsdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
clewƙb'sdfltsŴjŰgf
b'sdfltsĕo kg x]Ūf cgfutkbŴjŰg+o]j sl/Ƨfd. x]t'±uëfŞs]þ tfj x]t" wƙflt PŴ x]t'x]t' kŝox]t'
pųdx]t' ;fwf/)x]t"lt rt'lƑwf x]t". tŴ cnáefboá % wƙf x]t'x]t" gfd, pkfbf¿kfbLg+ dxfe"tfboá kŝox]t" gfd,
ljkfs'ƍlųo+ s';nfs';n+, OŪflgŪf/ƙ)ť pųdx]t" gfd, ;řf/fbLg+ cljşĕboá ;fwf/)x]t" gfd. Ow kg x]t'x]t'
clwƍ]tá. x]t" wƙflt d"nŪ]g x]t';řftf wƙf, æx]t'wƙfÆltlk kf±&ëf, ;áo]jŴá. g x]t"lt t];ţ]j klŋ]kjrg+.
tŴ cnáeá cbá;á cdáxált s';nfƓfstf toá, náeá bá;á dáxált cs';nf toá rflt Od] % wƙf x]t" gfd.
Od] &k]ŷf cj;];f r]tl;sĕ, ;Ƒflg r lrųflg, ¿klgƑfgflg rflt Od] wƙf g x]t" gfd, Obť lgƍb];b'slƃ j]lbtƑ+.
x]t'b's+þ k&d+.
;ƕoáutá kjų]g ;x x]t'gflt ;x]t'sĕ. t±yëj kjųá glŴ Pt];+ x]t"lt cx]t's. ĕ
tŴ cx]t'slrųjlştflg Ps;ųlt lrųflg ;x]t'sĕ gfd. t];' ƀ] dáxd"nflg dáx]g]j ;x]t'sĕlg, cŪ
náed"nflg náedáx]lx ƀLlx, ƀ] bá;d"nflg bá;dáx]lx, ƀfb; `f)ljƍo'ųs';nfƓfstflg cnáefbá;]lx, ;];flg ;ųrųfnL;
cnáefbLlx tLlxlk ;x]t'sĕgLlt, dáxd"n];' kg dáxá, lƀkťljţf)+, dgáwft', ;ƃL/)ųo+, jáŪƑg+, xl;t'ƍfbsĕlg
cŪf/; lrųflg, ¿klgƑfgflg rflt Od] wƙf cx]t'sĕ gfd. r]tl;s]þ;' kg náebá;f, ljlrlsŞf r dáx]gj] ;x]t'sĕ,
lblŪdfgá náedáx]lx ƀLlx, OƧfdŞl/os'Ŋ'þŝflg bá;dáx]lx, dáxá kg l;of náe]g, l;of bá;]gflt ƀLlx ;x]t's]ĕlk
dáxd"n];' cx]t's]ĕlk, lygldźflg l;of náedáx]lx, l;of bá;dáx]xLlt tLlxlk ;x]t'sĕlg, clxl/sĕgáųƍpźŝflg tyf r
s]þjndáx]g r, cdáxá kg cnáefbá;]x]j ƀLlx, cnáeá l;of cbá;fdáx]lx, l;of cbá;]gflt ƀLlx, cbá;á l;of
cnáefdáx]lx, l;of cnáe]gflt ƀLlx, ;];f kg ƀfjL;lt s';nfƓfstf l;of tLlx, l;of ƀLlxlk x]t"lx ;x]t'sĕ, %Ɔá kg
oyfoáu+ tLlx, kLltbá;jlşt]lx kťlx l;of ;x]t'sĕlk cx]t'sĕlk, ;];f Psĕb; lthĕltsĕ %lx x]t"lx ;x]t'sĕlk cx]t'sĕlk,
j]bgf r]Ŵ bádgƧe"tf lƀx]t'sĕj, ;ádgƧpk]ŋĕ oyfoáu+ bá;jlşt]lx kťlx ;x]t'sĕlk cx]t'sĕlk, ;'vb'ŋe"tf cx]t'sĕj,
Obť lgƍb];b'slƃ. b'lto+.
Ps'ƍfbflbtfo x]t'gf ;ƕo'ųflt x]t';ƕo'ųf. x]t'gf ljƍo'ųflt x]t'ljƍo'ųf. co+ x]t';ƕo'ųb's]ĕ cgƃ/]
j'ų;x]t'sb's]þg cŴtá lgƉfgfs/±)ëf. ;x]t'sb's]ĕ Pj lx eujtf b];gfljnf;]g, tyf a'Ţgsk'Ʈnfg+ jf cŢĕ;oj;]g
x]t';ƕo'ųb'sefj]gflk j'ųá. Pj+ pkl/lk ;dfgŴb'sĕg+ jrg] sĕ/)+ j]lbtƑ+. tlto+.
rt'Ŵfboá kg oƨf k&db'sb'ltotltob's]þ;' k&dkb]g oáh]ŷf ƀ] b'sĕ, k&db's]þ r klŞdkb+ b'ltob's]þg
oáh]ŷf Ps+þ b'slƃ toá b'sĕ b]l;tf, tƨf t];+ kbŴá j'ųgoáj.
tŴ r o±yëj æx]t" r]j wƙf ;x]t'sĕ r, ;x]t'sĕ r]j wƙf g r x]t"Ælt co+ b's]ĕ ;Ƙjlt, tyf æx]t" r]j
wƙf cx]t'sĕ r, cx]t'sĕ r]j wƙf g r x]t"Ælt colƕ ;Ƙjlt. Oldgf go]g x]t';ƕo'ųb's]þg oáhgfolk Ps]ĕ nưlt.
oyf r æg x]t" ±vëf kg wƙf ;x]t'sĕlk, cx]t'sĕkLÆlt co+ nưlt, tyf æx]t" ±vëf kg wƙf ;x]t'sĕlk, cx]t'sĕkLÆlt
colƕ. oyf r]Ŵ ;x]t'sb's]þ ƀ] b'sĕ, Pj+ x]t';ƕo'ųb's]þlk æg x]t" ±vëf kg wƙf x]t';ƕo'ųflk, x]tl' jƍo'ųfkLÆlt r
æx]t" ±vëf kg wƙf x]t';ƕo'ųflk, x]t'ljƍo'ųfkLÆlt r ƀ] b'sĕ nưƃLlt ck/]lk kť b'sĕ x]t'±uëfŞs]þ oáh]t'+ ;Ŋĕ. t] kg
eujtf j'ųfg';f/]g]j ;Ŋĕ `ft'lƃ %;' Pj ;ślxtflt j]lbtƑf. tŴ o] tfj PsƸƨ lrų] ƀ] toá x]t" Pstá pƍşlƃ, t]
x]t" r]j cţáţfk]ŋĕo ;x]t'sĕ r gfd. ;x]t'slrų];' kg x]t'+ &k]ŷf ;];f lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙf ;x]t'sĕ r]j g r x]t" gfd.
OdƸƨ b's]þ ;Ƒ] cx]t'swƙf g jųƑf. r]tl;s]þ;' kg x]t'jlştf cs';nf r]j s';nfƓfstf r, %Ɔá r ;x]t's]ĕ r]j g x]t'
Pj, ;];f lthĕltsĕ, tyf gjųƑf r, dáxá kg x]t' r]j ;x]t's]ĕ r gjųƑá r. rt'Ŵ+.
cgƃ/b's]ĕlk Oldgf b's]þg ;Ƒyflk ;lb;ájflt. kťd+.
;x]t'slrų];' x]t'jlştf lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙf gx]t" ;x]t" gfd, cx]t'slrų¿klgƑfgflg gx]t" cx]t'sĕ gfd.
OdƸƨ kg b's]þ % x]t" g jųƑf. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]jflt. %Ū+.
x]t'±uëfŞs+þ lglŪt+.
;ų;' r"ńƃ/b's]þ;' cųgá lgƎþfbs]þg ;x kŝo]gflt ;ƍŝof, lrųr]tl;s¿kflg. glŴ Pt];+ pƍfb] jf l&lto+
jf kŝoá cx'ŷf ejgƧ]jfefjflt cƍŝof, lgƑfgd]j. b];gfo kg]Ŵ k/dtfo ;átklttj;]g ax'jrglgŹ];á stá.
Pj+ ;lgbƧgfbL;'lk. Obť Otá k/flg % r lgƍb];b'sĕgLlt j]lbtƑflg. ttá k/ť oŴ æOd] g jųƑfÆlt g jŋĕd,
t+ lgƍb];lƃ ux]tƑ+. ;ƍŝob's+þ.
kŝo]lx ;dfuƄf stflt ;řtf. g ;řtflt c;řtf. Obť ;Ƒyf ;ƍŝob's;lb;d]j.
;ƍŝo;řtpeob's+þ ;Ƒyf ;lb;d]j. ;řtb's+þ.
¿kfotg+ ;lgbƧg+ gfd. ;];¿klrųr]tl;slgƑfgflg clgbƧgf gfd. ;lgbƧgb's+þ.
k;fblj;o¿kflg ƀfb; ;ƍl#f gfd. ;];¿klrųr]tl;slgƑfgflg cƍl#f gfd. ;ƍl#b's+þ.
cljlgưáuj;]g ¿k+ Pt];+ cŴLlt ¿lkgá, ?ƍgnŋ)+ jf ¿k+, t+ Pt];+ cŴLlt ¿lkgá, e"tákfbfo¿kd]j. g
¿lkgá c¿lkgá, lrųr]tl;slgƑfgflg. ¿lkb's+þ.
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nás]ĕ j'ŝlt n'şgkn'şgŪ]g jũ+, tƸƨ kl/ofkƉefj]g nás]þ lgo'ųflt nálsof, kť'kfbfgŋƈf. ttá nástá
tŴ ckl/ofkƉefj]g plųŰflt nás'ų/f, cl/odƮmþnlgƑfgflg. r]tl;s]þ;' kg]Ŵ o+ jųƑ+, t+ c;]vlųs]þ j'ųgo]g
j]lbtƑ+. nálsob's+þ.
s]þglr ljţ]Ɯflt rŋ'ljţf)fbL;' s]þglr Ps]þg rŋ'ljţf±)ëg jf ;átljţf)flbgf jf ljhĕlgtƑf. s]þglr g
ljţ]Ɯflt t]gj] rŋ'ljţf±)ëg jf ;átljţf)flbgf jf g s]þglr ljhĕlgtƑflg. Pj+ lx ;lt lƀƉlƕ kbfg+ cŴgfgųtá b's]ĕ
xált. kbefhgLolƨlƕ æo] t] wƙf rŋ'ljţ]Ɯf, g t] wƙf ;átljţ]ƜfÆlt ‘w0;01101’ Pųs+þ Psb'slƃ cƮx]ŷf æo]
t] wƙf rŋ'ljţ]Ɯf, g t] wƙf ;átljţ]Ɯf, o] jf kg t] wƙf ;átljţ]Ɯf, g t] wƙf rŋ'ljţ]ƜfÆlt ‘w0;01101’ cod]s]ĕ
b's]ĕlt j]lbtƑá. tƧ kg ¿k+ rŋ'ljţ]Ɯ+, ;Źá g rŋ'ljţ]Ɯált codŴá. Pj+ ;];];'lk b'skl/Ş]bá `ftƑá. tŴ
¿kfotg+ rŋ'gf jf rŋ'ljţf±)ëg jf ljţ]Ɯ+ gfd. ;];¿kf¿kwƙf t]g]j rŋ'gf jf rŋ'ljţf±)ëg jf s]þglr gljţ]Ɯf. Pj+
;át#fglhƢfsĕotlƑţf)d"lnsĕ;'lk rt";' oáhgf;' ljef±uëf oyfg'¿k+ `ftƑá. ¿kfboá kg kťlj;of dgáwft'ųo]g s]þglr
ljţ]Ɯf. ;];¿kf¿kwƙf t]g]j dgáwft'ųo]g s]þglr gljţ]Ɯf. lsťflk ;fdţtá dgáljţf±)ëg cljţ]ƜƧ cefjtá kflńo+
dgáljţf)ljţ]Ɯj;]g b's]ĕ g j'ųá, tyflk lj;];tá jųƑáj. tyf lx %lƑwflk sĕdfjr/wƙf sĕdfjr/ljkfsĕlbgf
dgáljţf±)ëg s]þglr ljţ]Ɯf, ¿kf¿kfjr/nás'ų/kţlųoá t]g]j s]þglr gljţ]Ɯf. tyf sĕd¿kf¿kfjr/kţlųoá
cs';nflbgf s]þglr ljţ]Ɯf, nás'ų/f t]g]j s]þglr gljţ]Ɯf. tyf lgƑfg+ nás'ų/]g s]þglr ljţ]Ɯ+ ;];nálsonás'ų/f
t]g]j s]þglr gljţ]Ɯflt Oldgf go]g ¿kf¿kfjr/flbe]b]g dgáljţf±)ëg s]þglr ljţ]Ɯfljţ]Ɯwƙf oyfoáu+ oáh]tƑf. Pj+
;Ƒ] wƙf s]þglr ljţ]Ɯf, s]þglr g ljţ]Ɯf gfd. Odlƨť b's]þ kţlųoálk nưƃLlt j]lbtƑflt. s]þglrljţ]Ɯb's+þ.
r"ńƃ/b'sĕ lglŪtf.
cf;j±uëfŞs]þ cf;dƃtá ;jƃLlt cf;jf, rŋ'tálk»k]0 dgtálk ;jlƃ, kjųƃLlt j'ų+ xált. wƙtá
ofj±uëfŶe'+, cásĕ;tá ofjejƮf ;jƃLlt jf cf;jf, Pt] wƙ], Ptť cásĕ;+ cƃásl/ŷf kjųƃLlt cŴá. cƃás/)Ŵá lx
co+ cf-sĕ/á. lr/kfl/jfl;oŪ]g dlb/flbcf;jf ljofltlk cf;jf. olb r lr/kfl/jfl;oŪ]g cf;jf, Pt] Pj eljt'+
c/xlƃ. cgflbųf cfot+ jf ;+;f/b'ŋ+ ;jlƃ k;jƃLltlk cf;jf. ttá cţ] gá cf;jf gfd.
tŴ sĕdf;já ejf;já lbŪf;já cljşĕ;jált Od] rųf/á cf;jf gfd. tŴ cŪ;' náe;xutlrų];' pƍƉá
;Ƒálk náeá sĕdf;já gfd. cŪ;flnlgo+ kg ækťsĕdu'l)s]ĕ /f±uëf sĕdf;jáÆlt ‘w0;0cŪ01102’ r, ælblŪ;xhĕtá
/f±uëf sĕdf;já g xált, lblŪ/f±uëf gfd xátLÆlt ‘w0;0cŪ01105’ r, æoá Ɣƪfg+ ljdfgsƍ?ŋĕe/±)ë;' %Ɔ/f±uëf
pƍşlt, ;á sĕdf;já g xált kťsĕdu'l)sƧ /fuƧ O±wëj kxLgųfÆlt r j'ų+. kflńo+ kg æsĕdf;já cŪ;'
náe;xut];' lrų'ƍfb];' pƍştLÆlt ‘w0;01465’ r, æsĕdf;j+ klŝ lbŪf;já cljşĕ;jáÆlt ‘kŪf03=3=1’ r
j'ųųf ejf;j+ &k]ŷf cj;];á ;Ƒálk náeá sĕdf;jált kţfolt lblŪ;ƕo'ų/fuƧ, Ɣƪfg+ jŴfe/)fbL;' /fuƧ r
ejf;jųfefjf. lblŪljƍo'ų/f±uëf Pj lx ¿kf¿kejkŴgfj;]g kjlųo+ ejf;já xált æ¿kwft'of c¿kwft'of PŴ
ej/fufg';oá cg';]tLÆltcflbjrgtá ‘od02=cg';oods=2’, g r sĕdf;jejf;jljlgd'ųá náeá clŴ. olb l;of,
ænáeá l;of cf;já, l;of gá cf;jáÆlt kflńo+ jųƑá ej]Ɯ, ælblŪljƍo'ųnáe]g ;ƕo'ųá cljşĕ;já l;of
cf;j;ƕo'ųá, l;of cf;jljƍo'ųáÆlt r jųƑá l;of. kbefhgLo] r sĕdf;jlgŹ];] cfutƧ æsĕd];' sĕdŞƆáÆlt
‘w0;01103’ OdƧ kbƧ cŪ;flnlgo+ ækťsĕdu'±)ë;' sĕdŞƆáÆlt ‘w0;0c01103’ cŴá j'ųá, tƧ kg kbƧ
jŴ'sĕd];' lsn];sĕdáltlk cŴoáhgf ;Ŋĕ sĕt'+ t]e'dsƧ wƙƧ jŴ'sĕdųf, tŴ ;ƑŴ /fuƧ r lsn];sĕdųf. j'ų+ x]t+
wƙ;]gfkltgf dxflgŹ];] _
æstd] jŴ'sĕdfĠ dgflksĕ ¿kf»k]0 ;Ƒ]lk sĕdfjr/f wƙf, ;Ƒ]lk ¿kfjr/f wƙf, ;Ƒ]lk
c¿kfjr/f wƙf»k]0 Od] j'ŝlƃ jŴ'sĕdf.
æstd] lsn];sĕdfĠ %Ɔá sĕdá /f±uëf sĕdá»k]0 oá sĕd];' sĕdŞƆá sĕd/f±uëf sĕdgƆL sĕdtŲf
sĕdƥ]xá sĕdkl/ńfxá sĕdd'Şf sĕdŢá;fg+ sĕdá#á sĕdoá±uëf sĕd'kfbfg+ sĕdŞƆgLj/)+»k]0 Od] j'ŝlƃ
lsn];sĕdfÆlt ‘dxflg01’.
clkr]Ŵ æsĕdá#á sĕdoá±uëfÆltcflbgf lsn];sĕdƧ sĕdá#flbefj+ jbtf wƙ;]gfkltgf
jŴ'sĕdųlj;oƧ /fuƧ cf;jflbefjá cg'ţftá, g kťscfdu'l)sƧ]j /fuƧ. g r cá#f;j];' s]ĕlr lj;];á
clŴ. cŪ;flnlgolƕ lx pkfbfg±uëfŞsƧ kbefhgLo] æsĕd];' sĕdŞƆáÆlt ‘w0;01220’ OdƧ æjŴ'sĕd];'
sĕdŞƆáÆlt ‘w0;0c01220’ cod]jŴá j'ųá. ttá cţ];' x]t'uƅlsn];±uëfŞs]þ;' náeƧ]j cgj;];kl/ofbfg+
j'ų+, g Ot/±uëfŞs]þ;'. t];' r náeƧ kflńcg';f/tá cánálsodfg] lsn];sĕddųs]ĕ. cgj;];náekl/ofbfg+
kţfolt. jLd+l;ŷf ux]tƑ+.
rt";' kg lblŪutljƍo'ųlrų];' pƍƉá ¿kf¿kej];' %Ɔ/fuefj]g, sĕdŢá;fglgslƃefj]g r
kjųá náeá ejf;já gfd. cŪ;flnlgo+ kg æ;ƧtlblŪ;xhĕtá /f±uëf ejf;jáÆlt ‘w0;0cŪ01102’
j'ų+. kflńo+ kg æejf;já rt";' lblŪutljƍo'ųnáe;xut];"Ælt ‘w0;01465’ lgoldtųf g ;Ŋĕ ux]t'+,
clwƍfoá kg uj]l;tƑá. ƀf;lŪke]bf ;Ƒflk lblŪ lbŪf;já gfd. cŪjŴ's]ĕ ;Ƒálk dáxá cljşĕ;já gfd.
t];' lbŪf;já k&d]g d±Ʈëg kxLolt, sĕdf;já rt"lxkLlt jų'+ o'ų+, ætlto]gfÆlt kg j'ų+. ejf;já,
cljşĕ;já r rt'Ŵ]g kxLolt. Od];ť sĕdf;jejf;jfg+ náe;efjųf ;efjtá toá wƙf ljefutá rųf/á
cf;jf gfd hĕtf. Od] &k]ŷf ;];f nálsonás'ų/f ;Ƒ] wƙf gá cf;jf gfd. cf;jb's+þ k&d+.
cųfg+ cf/ƙ)+ sŷf kjų]lx ;x cf;j]xLlt ;f;jf, ;Ƒ] nálsowƙf. Pj+ kjųdfgf glŴ Pt];+
78
cf;jflt cgf;jf, gj nás'ų/wƙfj. r]tl;sĕ kg]Ŵ nálsob's]þ j'ų;lb;fj. ;f;jb's+þ b'lto+.
tltofbLg+ rt'Ɖ+ b'sĕg+ kbŴá j'ųgoáj. ;];d]Ŵ x]t'±uëfŞs]þ j'ųgo]g j]lbtƑ+. co+ kg lj;];á _ oyf tŴ
æg x]t" ±vëf kg wƙf ;x]t'sĕlk, cx]t'sĕkLÆlt co+ cá;fgb's]ĕ k&db's]þ b'ltokb+ b'ltob's]þg oáh]ŷf j'ųá, Pjldw ægá
cf;jf ±vëf kg wƙf ;f;jflk, cgf;jfkLÆlt g j'ųá. coť tŴ tŴ j'ųgo]g Ox ;ślxtált j]lbtƑá. oyf r]Ŵ,
Pj+ ;ţáhg±uëfŞsĕbL;'lk oyfg'¿k+ `ftƑ+.
tŴ ƀfb; cs';nlrų'ƍfbf cf;j;ƕo'ųf gfd. bá;dáxd"nlrų];' dáxá, s';nfƓfstlrų¿klgƑfgflg r
cf;jljƍo'ųf gfd. r]tl;s]þ;' kg dáx+ &k]ŷf ;];f cs';nf cf;j;ƕo'ųfj, dáxá kg lthĕlts]ĕ r lƀwflk xált, ;];f
cf;jljƍo'ųf Pjflt. tlto+.
rųf/á cf;jf cf;jf r]j ;f;jf r gfd. tbj;];f nálsowƙf ;f;jf r]j gá r cf;jf gfd. Ow kg
nás'ų/f g jųƑf. r]tl;s]þ;' kg cf;jflt j'ų]lx ;];f cs';nf, s?)fd'lbtf r ;f;jf r]j gá r cf;jf Pj, ;];f
tyf r g jųƑf r. rt'Ŵ+.
o] kg náed"n];' náedáxf, náelblŪdáxá rflt ƀ] toá Pstá sŷf pƍşlƃ, t] cf;jf r]j cf;j;ƕo'ųf r
gfd. ƀfb; cs';nlrųflg r]j cf;jjlştf t+;ƕo'ųf r cf;j;ƕo'ųf r]j gá r cf;jf gfd. Ow kg cf;jljƍo'ųf
g jųƑf. r]tl;s]þ;' kg cf;jjlştf cs';nf cf;j;ƕo'ųf r]j gá r cf;jf Pj, dáxá l;of cf;já r]j cf;j;ƕo'ųá
r, l;of g jųƑá, lthĕltsĕ l;of cf;j;ƕo'ųf r]j gá r cf;jf, l;of g jųƑf, s';nfƓfstf g jųƑfj. ;];+
;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. kťd+.
nás'ų/jlştf cf;jljƍo'ųf ;f;jf gfd. nás'ų/f cf;jljƍo'ųf cgf;jf gfd. Ow kg cf;j;ƕo'ųf g
jųƑfj. r]tl;s]þ;' kg s?)fd'lbtf cf;jljƍo'ųf ;f;jf Pj, dáxá tyf r g jųƑá r, ;];s';nfƓfstf lƀwflk
xálƃ, lthĕltsĕ lƀwflk g jųƑfj, dáxjlştf kg cs';nf g jųƑfj. %Ū+.
cf;j±uëfŞs+þ lglŪt+.
;+oáhg±uëfŞs]þ oƧ ;+ljşlƃ, t+ k'Ʈn+ jũƸƨ ;+oáh]lƃ aƈƃLlt ;+oáhgf. ttá cţ] gá ;+oáhgf.
tŴ sĕd/fu;+oáhg+ ej/fukl#dfglblŪljlrlsŞf;LnƑtk/fdf;OƧfdŞl/ocljşĕ;+oáhglƃ Od] b; wƙf
;+oáhgf gfd. t];' sĕdejlblŪcljşĕ;+oáhgflg cf;j±uëfŞs]þ j'ųgofg]j. æcgŴ+ d] crl/, r/lt, rl/Ƨlt, lkoƧ d]
cgŴ+ crl/, r/lt, rl/Ƨlt, clƍoƧ d] cŴ+ crl/, r/lt, rl/ƧtLÆlt ‘w0;01066’ Pj+ j'ų]lx gjlx cfsĕ/]lx
;ų];', cŪfgs]ĕkj;]g ;řf/];' r pƍşdfgá ;Ƒálk bá;á kl#;+oáhg+ gfd.
æ;]Ɯáxdlƨ ;lb;áxdlƨ, xLgáxdƨLÆlt Pj+ tLlx cfsĕ/]lx kjųá ;Ƒá dfgá dfg;+oáhg+ gfd. tŴ ;]ƜƧ]j
;tá k'ƮnƧ æ;]Ɯáxdlƨ, ;lb;á, xLgáÆlt r ltwf dfgá pƍşlt, tyf ;lb;xLgfglƕ. tŴ ;]ƜƧ ;]Ɯdfgáj
ofyfjdfgá. tyf ;lb;Ƨ ;lb;dfgá, xLgƧ xLgdfgá r. ltŰlƕ Ot/] ƀ] ƀ] dfgf cofyfjdfgflt `ftƑf.
;Ŵ'wƙ;Ŝl;ŋĕ;', k'Ƒƃfk/ƃtb'eoklŝ;d'ƍƉ];' r sřtfj;]g kjųf ;Ƒflk ljlrlsŞf ljlrlsŞf;+oáhg+
gfd.
±uëf;Ln±uëfjtfbLlx ;'źLlt ux)fsĕ/ƍjųf lblŪ Pj ;LnƑtk/fdf;;+oáhg+ gfd.
tbj;];f lblŪ lblŪ;+oáhglƃ ux]tƑ+.
k/nfe;Ŋĕ/u?sĕ/dfggjƆgk"hgfbL;' c;xgfsĕ/]g kjųf OƧf OƧf;+oáhg+ gfd. cfjf;dŞl/o+
s'nnfejŰwƙdŞl/olƃ kťljw+ dŞl/o+ dŞl/o;+oáhg+ gfd. ;snf/fd]lk lx kl/j]±)ëfj/sĕbL;' jf j;ƃá tŴ cţƧ
jų;ƕƉƧ k];nƧ leŋ'gá cfudg+ g OŞlt, cfutƧflk lvƍ+ udgţ]j OŞlt, Ob+ cfjf;dŞl/o+ gfd. eůgsĕ/sĕbLg+
kg tŴ jf;+ clgŞtá cfjf;dŞl/o+ gfd g xált.
cųgá kg pkŪfss'n] jf `flts'n] jf cţƧ k];nƧ pk;Řdg+ clgŞtá s'ndŞl/o+ xált, kfkk'ƮnƧ clgŞtá
kg g xált. ;á lx t];+ k;fbe]bfo klkştLlt.
cųgf negŪfg] rt'kŝo+ neƃ] ;Lnjƃ] lbƩf ædf neƃ"Ælt lrƃ]ƃƧ nfedŞl/o+ xált. oá kg ;źfb]Ɯ+
ljlgkft]lt, k"ltefjlƕ uŞƃ+ cţƧ g b]lt t+ neƃ+ lbƩf æ;r] Od+ cţá ;Lnjf ne]Ɯ, kl/eáu+ uŞ]ƜfÆlt lrƃ]ƃƧ
dŞl/o+ gfd glŴ.
jŰá gfd cųgf ;lb;á ;/L/jŰálk u')jŰálk. tŴ æ¿kjf kf;flbs]ĕÆlt k/Ƨ ;/L/jŰ+, æ;Lnjf,
w'tjfÆltcflbgf u')jŰť cųgá jŰe)gŪfg] j'ŝdfg+ c;xƃƧ b'ljw+ jŰdŞl/o+ gfd xált, ck];n+ kg ljkƉ+ k;+l;ŷf
kl/;f;' pkŴƘ]ƃ+ lbƩf kfku/lxtfo c;xƃƧ g xált.
wƙált kl/olųo]j, g klj]±wëf cl/ofg+ tŴ dŞl/ofefjf. kl/oƸų kg u'ŃÜuƅ+ cţ];+ cs±yët'sĕdƧ
wƙdŞl/o+ gfd xált, wƙfg'Ʈx]g kg nánƧ sĕn]g ;d±)ëf, sĕn]g lguŮflb r x'ŷf ljr/ƃƧ kj]l)cfut+ tƸƃ
æ;Ų;'v'd+ wƙƃ/+ lelƆŷf cfn'lńƧlt, cƛfs+þ ;do+ lelƆƧtLÆlt r g b]ƃƧ, k'Ʈnfg'Ʈx]g jf ksltof ;&Ƨ dfofljgá
æ;Ų;'v'dwƙ+ pƮlŲŷf cţ+ Ɠfsl/ŷf glƧƧtLÆlt g b]ƃƧ r wƙdŞl/o+ g xált. oyf r leŋ"g+, Pj+ uxŪfglƕ
kťljw+ dŞl/o+ oyfg'¿k+ `ftƑ+. ;ř]ktá kg uxŪkƑlhtfg+ cų;ƕlųlgu"xgnŋ)+ dŞl/o+ gfdflt ux]tƑ+.
Od];' r ;+oáhg];' lblŪljlrlsŞf;LnƑtk/fdf;OƧfdŞl/oflg ;átfklųd±Ʈëg kxLolƃ, kl#á cgfufldd±Ʈëg,
sĕd/f±uëf rt"lxkLlt jųƑ+, ætlto]gfÆlt kg j'ų+. dfgej/fucljşĕ c/xųd±Ʈëg. tŴ r cofyfjdfgá k&dd±Ʈëg
kxLotLlt bŪƑá, Od];+ sĕd/fuej/fufg+ náe;efjųf lblŪ;LnƑtk/fdf;fg+ ldŞflblŪ;efjųf ;efjtá cŪ]j wƙf b;
;+oáhgf gfd hĕtf. Od] b; &k]ŷf ;];f nálsonás'ų/wƙf gá ;+oáhgf gfd. ;];+ cf;jb's;lb;+. ;+oáhgb's+þ
79
k&d+.
cf/ƙ)efj+ pkuƄf ;+oáhg;+jŬg]g ;+oáhgfg+ lxtflt ;+oáhlgof, ;f;jwƙf Pj. tyf gLj/l)oflt
PŴflk. g ;+oáhlgof c;+oáhlgof, cgf;jf. ;];+ ;f;jb's;lb;d]j. b'lto+.
tltofboálk cf;j±uëfŞs]þ tltoflb;lb;f Pj, lj;];dųd]j]Ŵ jŋĕd. tŴ lx ƀfb;fs';nlrųflg
;+oáhg;ƕo'ųf gfd, pźŝ;xutá dáxá, ;];lrų¿klgƑfgflg ;+oáhgljƍo'ųf gfd. ;];+ ;dd]j. tlto+.
b; ;+oáhgflg ;+oáhgf r]j ;+oáhlgof r gfd. tbj;];nálsowƙf ;+oáhlgof r]j gá r ;+oáhgf gfd.
;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. rt'Ŵ+.
o] kg pźŝlj/lxt];' Psĕb;;' cs';nlrų];' ljlrlsŞfdáxf bá;dáxf bá;OƧfdáxf bá;dŞl/odáxf
náedfgdáxf náelblŪdáxf rflt ƀ] toá Pstá pƍşlƃ, t] ;+oáhgf r]j ;+oáhg;ƕo'ųf r gfd. ƀfb;fs';nlrųflg
r]j ;+oáhgjlştt+;ƕo'ųf r ;+oáhg;ƕo'ųf r]j gá r ;+oáhgf gfd. ;];ldw cgƃ/b'sť cf;j±uëfŞs]þ
kťd%Ūb's;lb;d]j. s]þjn+ cf;jkbŪfg] ;+oáhgkbd]j lj;];á. kťd%Ūb'sĕlg.
;+oáhg±uëfŞs+þ lglŪt+.
uƅ±uëfŞs]þ oƧ ;+ljşlƃ, t+ r'ltkl;lƈj;]g jũƸƨ uƅ]lƃ #]ƃLlt uƅf. ttá cţ] gá uƅf.
tŴ cleŢĕsĕouƅá, Ɠfkfbá, ;LnƑtk/fdf;á, Ob+;ŝflelgj];á sĕouƅált Od] rųf/á wƙf uƅf gfd. tŴ
cleŢĕ Pj gfdsĕo+ j'ųgo]g uƅ]tLlt cleŢĕsĕouƅá. Pj+ ;];];'lk. ;Ƒţ'efl;tlƕ kllŋlkŷf æ;Ƨtá nás]ĕ, Obd]j
;ŝ+, dá#dţÆlƃ Oldgf cfsĕ/]g clelglj;gtá ;LnƑtk/fdf;lj/lxtf ;Ƒflk lblŪ Ob+;ŝflelgj];á gfd. ;];f
j'ųŴfj. Od];' r klŞdf ƀ] uƅf k&d]g d±Ʈëg kxLolƃ, Ɠfkfbá tlto]g, cleŢĕ rt"lxlk. Od] r ;efjtá toá wƙf
rųf/á uƅf gfd hĕtf. Od] kg &k]ŷf ;];f ;Ƒ] wƙf gá uƅf gfd. uƅb's+þ k&d+.
cf/ƙ)s/)j;]g uƅ]lx ulƅtƑflt uƅlgof. g uƅlgof cuƅlgof. ;];+ ;f;jb's;lb;d]j. b'lto+.
dáxd"njlştflg b; cs';nlrųflg, lblŪljƍo'ųlrų];' náe+, bá;d"n];' r bá;+ &k]ŷf t+;ƕo'ųf r uƅ;ƕo'ųf
gfd. oyfj'ųá náeá, bá;á, dáxd"nflg, s';nfƓfstflg lrųflg, ¿klgƑfgflg r uƅljƍo'ųf gfd. r]tl;s]þ;' kg
lblŪdfgOƧfdŞl/os'Ŋ'þŝlygldźflg uƅ;ƕo'ųf Pj. bá;ljlrlsŞf, s';nfƓfstf r uƅljƍo'ųf Pj, ;];f lƀwflk
xálƃ. tlto+.
rųf/á uƅf uƅf r]j uƅlgof r gfd. tbj;];f nálsof uƅlgof r]j gá r uƅf gfd. tyf r]tl;s]þ;'
uƅjlştf cs';nf, cƍdţf r, ;];f r]tl;sĕ kg tyf r g jųƑf r, Ow kg nás'ų/f g jųƑf. rt'Ŵ+.
lblŪ uƅfr]j uƅ;ƕo'ųf r gfd. náeá tyf r g jųƑá r, uƅ;ƕo'ų];' uƅ] &k]ŷf ;];f uƅ;ƕo'ųf r]j gá
r uƅf gfd. Ow kg uƅljƍo'ųf g jųƑf. r]tl;s]þ;' kg dfgOƧfdŞl/os'Ŋ'þŝlygldźflg uƅ;ƕo'ųf r]j gá r
uƅf Pj, dáxflxl/sĕgáųƍpźŝflg lthĕltsĕ r l;of, tyf gjųƑf r, ;];f g jųƑf. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. kťd+.
nás'ų/jlştf uƅljƍo'ųf uƅlgof gfd. nás'ų/f kg uƅljƍo'ųf cuƅlgof gfd. Ow kg uƅ;ƕo'ųf g
jųƑf. r]tl;s]þ;' kg bá;á ljlrlsŞf s?)f d'lbtf uƅljƍo'ųf uƅlgof Pj, dáxflxl/sĕgáųƍpźŝnáef tyf g
jųƑf r, ;];f s';nfƓfstf lƀwflk xálƃ, lthĕltsĕ kg lƀwflk g jųƑf r, ;];f cs';nflk g jųƑf r. %Ū+.
uƅ±uëfŞs+þ lglŪt+.
cá#oáu±uëfŞsĕlg ;Ƒyf cf;j±uëfŞs;lb;flg. kbŴdųd]j, x]Ŵ gfddųť lj;];á tŴ oƧ ;+ljşlƃ, t+
jũƸƨ cáxglƃ cá;Lbfk]ƃLlt cá#f. cf/ƙ)+ sŷf cltŊþdgLotá cá#]lx cltŊþldtƑflt cá#lgof. tyf oáulgoflt
PŴflk. jũƸƨ oáh]ƃLlt oáuf. ;];+ tflb;d]j.
cá#oáu±uëfŞsĕlg lglŪtflg.
gLj/)±uëfŞs]þ lrų+ gLj/lƃ kl/oágƈƃLlt gLj/)f. tŴ sĕdŞƆgLj/)+ ƓfkfbgLj/)+ lygldźgLj/)+

pźŝs'Ŋ'þŝgLj/)+ ljlrlsŞfgLj/)+ cljşĕgLj/)lƃ Od] % gLj/)f gfd. tŴ lyglƃ ;lƍlkůá ljo cljƎþfl/stfo
lrųƧ #gefjá, yźtflt cŴá. d]wtLlt ldź+, csƙţefjá, krnflosefjs/ált cŴá. Obť ;]vk'y'şgfg+ lgŹfo
k'Ƒef±uë, ck/ef±uë r krnfogx]t's+þ pƍşlt, g lgŹáŊþdgsĕn]. vL)f;jfglƕ lx s/hsĕoƧ b'Ƒnefj]g
c;lƙƧejś;ƃltj;]g lgŹáŊþdg+ xált, t+ kg t];+ lygldźx]t's+þ g xált, Ot/];d]j xált.
s]þlr kg ¿kd]j ældźÆlƃ jblƃ, t+ g o'ų+, ælygldźgLj/)+ cljşĕgLj/±)ëg gLj/)ť]j
gLj/);ƕo'ųťfÆlt c¿kwƙ]lx ;ƕoáujrgtá c¿kd]j. cs';nť ælygldźgLj/)Ƨ kxLgųfÆltcflbkxfgjrgtá.
cs';nf Pj lx kxftƑf, tƨf cf?ƍ]lk r]t+ pƍşlt. ægLj/)+ wƙ+ klŝ gLj/±)ëf wƙá pƍşlt g k'/]hĕtkŝofÆlt
‘kŪf03=8=8’ PtƧ ljeś] æcf?ƍ] sĕdŞƆgLj/)+ klŝ lygldźpźŝcljşĕgLj/)Ælƃ ‘kŪf03=8=8’ ;Ƒ+ ljŴf/]tƑ+.
æ;áƍ+ krnflosĕÆlt ‘w0;01163’ kbefhgLo] kgƧ mþn"krf/]g j'ųlƃ j]lbtƑ+. lyg+ ldźťflt Ob+ ƀo+ gLj/)Ūfg]
PsgLj/)+ j'ų+, tyf pźŝs'Ŋ'þŝťflt Ob+ ƀo+. tŴ s'Ŋ'þŝlƃ æcst+ jt d] sƠf)+, st+ kfkÆlƃcflbgf pƍşdfgá
ljƍl;f/á. t]g]jƧ kbefhgLo] ær]t;á ljƍl;f/á dgáljn]±vëfÆlt r j'ų+. æcslƍo] slƍo;lţtfÆltcflb kg
s'Ŋ'þŝd"nbƧgŴ+. Pj+;lţtfo lx st] jLltŊþd] kŞf æb'Ū' dof stÆlƃ ;'lbƉfbLg+ ljo ljƍl;f/á pƍşlt. o+ kg
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ljgo] æcy ±vëf cfoƨf ;fl/k'ųá»k]0 s'Ŋ'þŝfoƃá g klƮx];LÆlt ‘kflr0204’ s'Ŋ'þŝ+ cfut+, t+ gLj/)s'Ŋ'þŝ+ g lx
c/xtá gLj/)+ clŴ, gLj/)jlt¿ks+þ kg æsƍlt, g sƍtLÆlt jLd+;g;řft+ ljgos'Ŋ'þŝ+ gfd]tlƃ j]lbtƑ+.
;];gLj/)flg j'ųŴflg Pj. Od];' r s'Ŋ'þŝljlrlsŞf k&d]g d±Ʈëg kxLolƃ, Ɠfkfbá tlto]g, lygldź'źŝfljşĕ rt'Ŵ]g,
sĕdŞƆá rt"lxkLlt jųƑ+, ætlto]gfÆlt kg j'ų+. Od] r ;efjtá cŪ wƙf % gLj/)f gfd hĕtf, Od] kg &k]ŷf
;];f gá gLj/)f gfd. gLj/)b's+þ k&d+.
b'lto+ ;f;jb's;lb;d]j. ƀfb; cs';nlrųflg gLj/);ƕo'ųf gfd. ;];lrų¿klgƑfgflg gLj/)ljƍo'ųf
gfd. r]tl;s]þ;' cs';nf gLj/);ƕo'ųfj, s';nfƓfstf gLj/)ljƍo'ųfj, ;];f lƀwflk xálƃ. tlto+.
% gLj/)f gLj/)f r]j gLj/l)of r gfd. ;];f nálsof gLj/l)of r]j gá r gLj/)f gfd. nás'ų/f g
jųƑf. ;];+ cf;j±uëfŞs]þ rt'Ŵ;lb;d]j. rt'Ŵ+.
% gLj/)f gLj/)f r]j gLj/);ƕo'ųf r gfd. tbţ] gLj/);ƕo'ųf kg gLj/);ƕo'ųf r]j gá r
gLj/)f gfd. tyf r]tl;s]þ;' gLj/)lj/lxtf cs';nf, lthĕltsĕ kg tyf r g jųƑf r, s';nfƓfstf g jųƑfj.
Ow kg gLj/)ljƍo'ųf ;Ƒ] g jųƑf. kťd+.
nás'ų/jlştf gLj/)ljƍo'ųf gLj/l)of gfd. nás'ų/f gLj/)ljƍo'ųf cgLj/l)of gfd. Ow kg
gLj/);ƕo'ųf g jųƑf. r]tl;s]þ;' kg s?)fd'lbtf gLj/)ljƍo'ųf gLj/l)ofj, s';nfƓfstf lƀwflk xálƃ,
lthĕltsĕ tyf r g jųƑf r, cs';nf kg g jųƑfj. %Ū+.
gLj/)±uëfŞs+þ lglŪt+.
k/fdf;±uëfŞs]þ wƙfg+ oyfe"t+ clgŝflbcfsĕ/+ cltŊþldŷf ælgŝÆlƃcflbj;]g kjųdfgf k/tá cfd;ƃLlt

k/fdf;f. ldŞflblŪ. ax'jrglgŹ];] sĕ/)+ j'ųd]j. tbţ] ;Ƒ] wƙf gá k/fdf;f gfd. k/fdf;b's+þ k&d+.
k/fdf;]lx cf/ƙ)s/)j;]g k/fdŪųf k/fdŪf. ;];+ cf;jb's;lb;d]j. b'lto+.
lblŪ;ƕo'ųlrų];' lblŪlj/lxtf wƙf k/fdf;;ƕo'ųf gfd. ;];lrų¿klgƑfgflg k/fdf;ljƍo'ųf gfd. Ow
kg lblŪ g jųƑf, ;];r]tl;s]þ;' kg dfgbá;OƧfdŞl/os'Ŋ'þŝljlrlsŞf, s';nfƓfstf r k/fdf;ljƍo'ųf Pj, ;];f
lƀwflk xálƃ. tlto+.
lblŪ Pj k/fdf;f r]j k/fdŪf r gfd. ;];nálsof k/fdŪf r]j gá r k/fdf;f gfd. Ow kg nás'ų/f
g jųƑf. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. rt'Ŵ+.
OdƸƨ kg ±uëfŞs]þ æk/fdf;f r]j wƙf k/fdf;;ƕo'ųf rfÆlt co+ b's]ĕ g nưlt. g lx lblŪ lblŪof
;ƕo'şlt. klŞdb's]þ nás'ų/jlştf k/fdf;ljƍo'ųf k/fdŪf gfd. nás'ų/f k/fdf;ljƍo'ųf ck/fdŪf gfd. Ow
kg k/fdf;á, t+;ƕo'ųf r g jųƑf. ;];+ j'ųgod]j.
k/fdf;±uëfŞs+þ lglŪt+.
dxƃ/b's]þ;' cf/ƙ)+ cƮx]ŷf cƍjlųtá ;x cf/ƙ±)ëgflt ;f/ƙ)f, lrųr]tl;sĕ. glŴ cf/ƙ)d]t];lƃ
cgf/ƙ)f, ¿klgƑfgflg. ;f/ƙ)b's+þ.
lrƃgŪ]g lrų+, lrųtfo jf lrų+. t+ lx jŴ'ƀf/f/ƙ)lsŝflbe]btá, ctLtflbe]btá r cųgá ljlrųtfo
lrųlƃ j'ŝlt lrųs/)tfo jf. násƸƨ lx lrųsƙtá pųl/t/+ lrų+ gfd glŴ, tlƨlƕ r/)+ gfd lrų+ cltlrų+
xált. o+ jf kgţlƕ nás]þ l;ƍhĕt+, ;Ƒ+ t+ lrų]g]j s/Lolt. Pj+ tƧ tƧ lrųƧ lgƎþfbs+þ lrųlƕ t±yëj lrų+ xált.
oyf lrlƃtƧ jf cgj;];Ƨ clgƎþşgtá ttálk lrųd]j lrųt/+, tyf ob]t+ b]jdg'Ƨlg/olt/Şfge]bf;' utL;'
s';nfs';nsƙgfgų+, t]g tf;' utL;' ckblƀkbflbpŝųgLrųflbgfgų+, tƸƨ tƸƨ cųefj]
bL#/Ƨy"nfy"n;'jŰb'ƑŰflbnfefnfeflb rflt Pjdflb cŢų+ lrų+, alxźf r
kyjLkƑtlt)?ŋntflbb]jƔƪljdfgsƍ?ŋĕlbe"t+ sƙkŝo+ lrų+, tlƕ lrų]g]j st+, ttá lrųd]j lrųt/+ lrlƃtlgofd]g
;Ƒfsĕ/Ƨ c;Ƙjtá. Pj+ lrƃgŪ]g, lrųljlrųŪ]g, lrųs/)Ū]g r ælrųÆlƃ ljţf)+ j]lbtƑ+, tb]j ljţf)+ lrų+
gfd. r]tl;s¿klgƑfgflg gá lrųf gfd. lrųb's+þ.
cljƍoáuj;]g r]tl; lgo'ųf r]tl;sĕ, mþƧfboá lƀkţf; wƙf. lrų¿klgƑfgflg cr]tl;sĕ gfd.
r]tl;sb's+þ.
r]tl;sĕ Pj lrų;ƕo'ųf gfd. ¿klgƑfgflg lrųljƍo'ųf gfd, Ow kg lrų+ g jųƑ+. lrų;ƕo'ųb's+þ.
lg/ƃ/efj"kudgtfo pƍfbtá ofj eśflrų]g ;+;Ūflt lrų;+;Ūf. Pstá jųdfgflk lg/ƃ/efj+
cg'kudgtfo lrų]g lj;+;Ūflt lrųlj;+;Ūf. ;];+ cgƃ/b's;lb;d]j. lrų;+;Ūb's+þ.
;d'Ūxlƃ Pt]gflt ;d'Ūfg+, lrų+ ;d'Ūfg+ Pt];lƃ lrų;d'Ūfgf, r]tl;sĕlg r]j lrųh¿ksnfkf r lrų+,
kg clrųh¿ksnfkf, lgƑfgť gá lrų;d'Ūfgf gfd. lrų;d'Ūfgb's+þ.
;x ejƃLlt ;xe'gá, lrų]g ;xe'gá lrų;xe'gá, r]tl;sĕlg r]j sĕojrLljţlųoá r. lrų+, kg
ljţlųjlşt¿klgƑfgflg r gá lrų;xe'gá gfd. lrų;xe'b's+þ.
cg'kl/jųƃLlt cg'kl/jlųgá, Ƹs cg'kl/jųlƃĠ lrų+, lrųƧ cg'kl/jlųgá lrųfg'kl/jlųgá. ;];+
cgƃ/b's;lb;d]j. lrųfg'kl/jlųb's+þ.
Otá k/] kg toá b'sĕ r]tl;sb's;lb;fj, s]þjn+ kbŴdųd]j lj;];á. tŴ lrų;+;Ūf r t] lrų;d'Ūfgf
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Pj rflt lrų;+;Ū;d'Ūfgf. lrų;+;Ūf r t] lrų;d'Ūfgf r lrų;xe'gá Pj rflt lrų;+;Ū;d'Ūfg;xe'gá, lrų;+;Ūf
r t] lrų;d'Ūfgf r lrųfg'kl/jlųgá Pj rflt lrų;+;Ū;d'Ūfgfg'kl/jlųgá. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j.
tbgƃ/] kg cŢlųsb's]þ cŢųŢų+ cŢųlųs]þ j'ųj;]g cŢųfj cŢlųsĕ. k;fb¿klrų;řftflg % cŢlųsĕlg
cfotgflg. ttá alxe"tf aflx/f. ;];¿kr]tl;slgƑfgkţlų;řftflg % aflx/fotgflg, Ow kg kţlųoálk nưlƃ.
cŢlųsb's+þ.
pkflboƃ]j e"tflg, g e"tf ljo pkflboƃLlt pkfbf, rt'jL;lt pkfbf¿kflg Pj. g pkflboƃLlt gá
pkfbf, rt'dxfe"tlrųr]tl;slgƑfgflg. pkfbfb's+þ.
ƀƸų; nálsoljkfslrųflg, sƙh¿kť pkflbƉf gfd. ;];nálsonás'ų/flg, lgƑfgť cg'kflbƉf gfd ;];+
pkflbƉ'kfbflgolųs]þ j'ųfg';f/]g `ftƑ+. pkflbƉb'sþ.
+
dxƃ/b'sĕ lglŪtf.
pkfbfg±uëfŞs]þe';+ cflboƃLlt pkfbfgf, bŃÜƮfx+ uŲƃLlt cŴá. bŃÜŴá lx PŴ pk-;Źá æpkfof;áÆltcfbL;'
ljo. ttá cţ] gá pkfbfgf. tŴ sĕd'kfbfg+ lbŪ'kfbfg+ ;LnƑt'kfbfg+ cųjfb'kfbfglƃ Od] pkfbfgf gfd. tŴ
jŴ'sĕd];' pƍƉá lsn];sĕdáj j'ųgo]g pkfbfglƃ sĕd'kfbfg+. Pj+ ;];];'lk. tŴ jL;ltjŴ'sĕ ;ŊĕolblŪ cųjfb'kfbfg+
gfd. ;];flg k'Ƒ] j'ųfg]j. klŞdflg kg]Ŵ tLl) pkfbfgflg tyfkjųlblŪ Pj. tflg r k&d]g d±Ʈëg kxLolƃ,
sĕd'kfbfg+ rt"lxlk Od] r ;efjtá ƀ] wƙf ljefutá rt'?kfbfgf gfd hĕtf. Od] kg &k]ŷf ;];f ;Ƒ] wƙf gá
pkfbfgf gfd. pkfbfgb's+þ k&d+.
pkfbflgob's]ĕ ;+oáhlgob's;lb;áj. b'lto+.
cŪnáe;xutlrųflg, t+;ƕo'ų];' lblŪljƍo'ųnáe+ &k]ŷf ;];f r pkfbfg;ƕo'ųf gfd.
lblŪljƍo'ųnáebá;dáxd"nflg, s';nfƓfstflg r lrųflg, ¿klgƑfgflg r pkfbfgljƍo'ųf gfd. r]tl;s]þ;' kg
lblŪdfgf pkfbfg;ƕo'ųfj, bá;OƧfdŞl/os'Ŋ'þŝljlrlsŞf, s';nfƓfstf r pkfbfgljƍo'ųf Pj. ;];f b'ljwflk
xálƃ. tlto+.
rųfl/ pkfbfgflg pkfbfgf r]j pkfbflgof r gfd. tbj;];f nálsof pkfbflgof r]j gá r pkfbfgf
gfd. Ow kg nás'ų/f g jųƑf. ;];+ j'ųgod]j. rt'Ŵ+.
kťd%Ūb'sĕ kf&tá uƅ±uëfŞs]þ kťd%Ūb's;lb;fj, s]þjn+ kťdb's]þ ær]tl;s]þ;' dfgá pkfbfg;ƕo'ųá r]j gá r
pkfbfgá Pj, dáxflxl/sĕgáųƍpźŝlygldźflg lthĕltsĕlg tyf r g jųƑf rfÆlt Obť, %Ūb's]þ ær]tl;s]þ;'
bá;OƧfdŞl/os'Ŋ'þŝljlrlsŞf cƍdţf pkfbfgljƍo'ųf pkfbflgof Pj, dáxflxl/sĕgáųƍpźŝnáelygldźflg tyf r g
jųƑflg rfÆlt Pųsd]j kf&tá lj;];á, cŴtá kg gfddųs]ĕj lj;];á. ;];á ;'ljţ]Ɯáj. kťd%Ūflg.
pkfbfg±uëfŞs+þ lglŪt+.
lsn];±uëfŞs]þ ;+lslnŪlųs]þ j'ųgo]g kbŴá j]lbtƑá. náeá bá;á dáxá dfgá lblŪ ljlrlsŞf lyg+ pźŝ+ clxl/s+þ
cgáųƍlƃ Od] b; wƙf lsn];f gfd. Od] r j'ųŴf Pj, Ow kg náeá, x]t'uƅgLj/)pkfbfg±uëfŞs]þ;' náeá r
lgƍb];tá rt'dƮjŢálk Ps]þg]j s]ĕŪf;]g l&tá, ;];±uëfŞs]þ;' ;á ;Ƒálk náeá æsĕdf;já ejf;jáÆltcflbgf ƀ] ƀ] s]ĕŪf;f
x'ŷf l&tá, Oldgf kg cŪsyfjrg]gflk ejf;jflbƓltl/ųá ;Ƒá rt'dƮjŢálk /f±uëf sĕdf;jfbL;' ;ślxtá.
sĕdŞƆgLj/)+ kg ej/f±uëflk g kťsĕdu'l)s/fudųájflt kţfolt, æcf?ƍ] sĕdŞƆgLj/)+ klŝ
lygldźgLj/)Ælƃcflbkflńtá ‘kŪf03=8=8’ r]t+ bŪƑ+ kťsĕdu'l)s/fuƧ ¿kf¿ke"dL;' cg'ƍşgtá. Od];' r
lsn];];' lblŪljlrlsŞf k&d]g d±Ʈëg kxLolƃ, bá;á tlto]g, náefboá rt"lxlk. Od] kg b; wƙ] &k]ŷf ;];f gá
lsn];f gfd. lsn];b's+þ k&d+.
;+lsn]l;sb's]ĕ ;f;jb's;lb;áj. b'lto+.
;+lslnŪb's]ĕ, lsn];;ƕo'ųb's]ĕ rflt ƀ]lk ;dfgŴfj. t] r gLj/)±uëfŞs]þ tltob's;lb;fj. tltort'Ŵflg.
b; lsn];f lsn];f r]j ;+lsn]l;sĕ r gfd. ;];f nálsowƙf ;+lsn]l;sĕ r]j gá r lsn];f gfd. Ow kg
nás'ų/f g jųƑf. ;];+ gLj/)±uëfŞs]þ rt'Ŵb's;lb;d]j. kťd+.
%Ū;ųdb'sĕlglk cţdţ+ ;dfgŴfg]j. tflg %Ū;ųdflg gLj/)±uëfŞs]þ oyfŊþd+ kf&tá kťd%Ūb's;lb;flg,
cŴtá kg gfddųs]ĕj lj;];á. ;];á ;'ljţ]Ɯá. %Ū;ųdcŪdflg.
lsn];±uëfŞs+þ lglŪt+.
lklŪb's]þ;' cflbtá rųf/á b'sĕ bƧg]gkxftƑlųs]þ, bƧg]gkxftƑx]t's]þ r j'ųgo]g j]lbtƑf. s]þjn+ kg tŴ

k&dlųs]þ j'ų];' bƧg]gkxftƑ] wƙ] &k]ŷf ;];f Ow k&db'sƧ b'ltokb] bƧg]gkxftƑ];' klj;lƃ, efjgfokxftƑ]
&k]ŷf ;];f Ow b'ltob's]þ gefjgfokxftƑ];' klj;lƃ. tŴ r b'ltolųs]þ j'ų];' bƧg]gkxftƑx]t's]þ &k]ŷf ;];f Ow
tltob's]þ gbƧg]gkxftƑx]t's]þ, efjgfokxftƑx]t's]þ r &k]ŷf ;];f Ow rt'Ŵb's]þ gefjgfokxftƑx]t's]þ;' klj;lƃ.
kbŴá r bƧg]g kxftƑá x]t' Pt];+ cŴLlt bƧg]gkxftƑx]t'sĕ. Pj+ efjgfokxftƑx]t'sĕlt PŴflk cŴá
j]lbtƑá. Pj+ lx ;lt cx]t'sĕg+ cƮx)+ l;oflt Pųsd]j lj;];á. ltsƀod]j lx eujf b];gfljnf;]g rųf/á b's]þ sŷf
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b];]l;. ;];+ tflb;d]j. rųf/á b'sĕ lglŪtf.
kťkţf;;ljtŊþlrų];' ljtŊþlj/lxtf lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙf ;ljtŊĕ gfd. ljtŊþá, kg ;];lrų¿klgƑfgflg r
cljtŊĕ gfd. kťd+.
%;lŪof ;ljrf/lrų];' ljrf/lj/lxtf wƙf ;ljrf/f gfd. ljrf/á, kg ;];lrų¿klgƑfgflg r cljrf/f
gfd. ;];+ Ow, cgƃ/] j'ųb's]þ r ljtŊþlųs]þ j'ųfg';f/]g `ftƑ+. %Ū+.
Otá k/];' ;ƍLltsb's]ĕ, kLlt;xutb's]ĕ r ;dfgŴfj, t] r ;'v;xutpk]ŋĕ;xutb'sĕ rflt rųf/álk b'sĕ
kLltlųs]þ j'ųgofj. s]þjn+ kg]t];+ b'sĕg+ k&d+ kb+ tŴ klj;lt, kLltlųs]þ Ot/Lt/kbƀo;ślxtf, c;ślxtf r ;Ƒ]
cŴf x]Ūf j'ųgo]g]Ŵ b'sĕg+ b'ltokb];' cŴtá ;ślxtf, Od] r lgƍb];b'sĕlt cod]j lj;];á. ;ųdcŪdgjdb;df.
tbgƃ/];' sĕdfjr/flt PŴ æx]Ūtá cjLlrlg/o+ kl/oƃ+ sl/ŷf pkl/tá k/lglƙtj;jųL b]j] cƃá sl/ŷf
o+ tƸƨ cƃ/] PŴfjr/f PŴ kl/ofkƉfÆlt Pj+ ‘w0;01287’ kflńo+ kl/lŞƉfg+ rt'Ɖ+ ckfofg+, dg'Ƨfg+, %Ɖ+
b]jnásĕgť j;]g cásĕ;tá Psĕb;lj±wëf sĕdejá æsĕdáÆlt j'ŝlt pų/kbnák]g oyf æ¿k"kklųofÆltcfbL;' ¿kejá
æ¿kÆlƃ. tƸƨ sĕd] cjr/lƃ kjųƃLlt sĕdfjr/f. o]e'Ɯtá r]t+ j'ų+ ¿kf¿k];' r]t];ť Ow kjlųtá
æynr/fÆltcfbL;' ljo. sĕdej;řft] jf sĕd] kl;Ƹƈ cjrf/]ƃLltlk sĕdfjr/f, s';nfs';nflg pźŝ;xutlrų+ kg
cƓfstlrų;lb;+. tbfoųtfo, cf/ƙ)s/)j;]g jf lsn];sĕdá PŴ cjr/tLltlk sĕdfjr/+. sĕdť];
¿kf¿kfjr/wƙ];'lk cjr/lt, ?lŃÜtá kg æjbtLlt jŞáÆltcfbL;' ljo Od] Pj æsĕdfjr/fÆlt j'ŝlƃ. clkr
sĕdtŲf ¿ktŲf c¿ktŲflt PŴ j'ųsĕdtŲf;řftá sĕdá PŴ cjr/tLltlk sĕdfjr/f. Pj+ Ɣƪfg+ ljdfgfe/)fbL;'
%Ɔ/fuƧflk sĕdtŲfefjá l;źá, ¿ktŲflj;ofglƕ r Ɣƪfg+ sƙh¿kfbLg+ sĕdtŲfolk lj;otfo sĕdfjr/tf l;źf
xált. g ¿kf¿kfjr/fg+ tbefjtá tbţ] g sĕdfjr/f. Oldgf go]g ¿kfjr/flbb'sĕglƕ kbŴá oyf/x+ `ftƑá.
tŴ rt'kţf; sĕdfjr/lrųflg, ;Ƒť ¿k+ sĕdfjr/f gfd. ;];lrųlgƑfgflg g sĕdfjr/f gfd. r]tl;s]þ;' jųƑ+
kl/ofkƉb's]þ Pj cflj eljƧlt. Psĕb;d+.
kƉ/; ¿kfjr/lrųflg ¿kfjr/f gfd. ;];lrų¿klgƑfgflg g ¿kfjr/f gfd. ƀfb;d+.
ƀfb; c¿kfjr/lrųflg c¿kfjr/f gfd. ;];lrų¿klgƑfgflg g c¿kfjr/f gfd. t]/;d+.
t]e"dsjũ] kl/ofkƉf cƃáuwflt kl/ofkƉf, nálsowƙfj. tŴ g kl/ofkƉflt ckl/ofkƉf, nás'ų/f.
r]tl;s]þ;' kg sĕdfjr/flbb'sĕg+ rt'Ɖlƕ ;fwf/±)ëf ljlgŞoá Pj+ j]lbtƑá _ cs';nr]tl;sĕ sĕdfjr/fj, cƍdţf
sĕd¿kfjr/f, lj/ltoá kg sĕdfjr/kl/ofkƉf, ljtŊþljrf/kLltoá kg sĕd¿kfjr/kl/ofkƉf, ;];f rt'e"dsĕlt.
r'Ź;d+.
jũd"n+ l%Ɔƃf lgƑfg+ cf/ƙ)+ sŷf jũtá gLoƃLlt lgƜflgsĕ, rųfl/ nás'ų/dƮlrųflg. Oldgf nŋ±)ëg g
lgƜƃLlt clgƜflgsĕ, ;];lrų¿klgƑfgflg. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. kťb;d+.
r'ltof jf cųgá jf kjlųof cgƃ/+ mþnbfg] lgotųf lgotf, ldŞųlgotf, ;ƙųlgotf r. tyf
clgotųf clgotf, ;];wƙf. ;];+ j'ųgod]j. ;áń;d+.
cţ] wƙ] pų/lƃ cltŊþdƃLlt pų/f, cųfg+ pųl/t'+ ;dŴ]lx ;x pų/]xLlt ;pų/f, nálsofj. glŴ Pt];+
pų/flt cg'ų/f, nás'ų/f. ;ų/;d+.
/)lƃ sƆlƃ Pt]xLlt /)f, o]lx clee"tf ;ųf gfgƍsĕ/tá kl/b]jlƃ, t];+ cs';nd"nfg+ Pt+ clwjrg+, t]lx
;ƕoáuj;]g, kxfg]sŪtfj;]g r ;x /±)ëxLlt ;/)f. Pt]gfsĕ/]g glŴ Pt];+ /)flt c/)f.
tŴ ƀfb; cs';nlrųflg ;/)f gfd. ;/)wƙ];' r]Ŵ náebá;dáxf /)f r]j ;/)f r, t];' náebá;f
dáx]g]j ;ƕoáutá ;/)f, tyf ljlrlsŞ'źŝ;xutlrų+, t+;ƕo'ųf r. dáxá kg t];' ;ƕoáutá ;/±)ëf,
lblŪ;ƕo'ų/f±uëg, kg ej/f±uëg r /)e"t]g kxfg]sŪtfj;]g]j ;/±)ëf náebá;dáxd"n;ƕo'ų];' kg dáxá náe]g r]j
bá;]g r, ;];f náedáx]g r]j bá;dáx]g r ;ƕoáutá ;/)flt j]lbtƑf. ;Ƒflg s';nfƓfstlrųflg, ¿klgƑfgflg r
c/)f gfd. r]tl;s]þ;' kg cs';nf ;/)fj, s';nfƓfstf c/)fj, lthĕltsĕ kg lƀwflk xáƃLlt. cŪf/;d+.
lklŪb'sĕ lglŪtf.
clewƙb'sdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
;'ųlƃsb'sdfltsŴjŰgf
;'ųlƃsb's]þ;' j]b]lt, ljlj±wëg jf cfsĕ/]g hĕgftLlt ljşĕ, ljkƧgf`f)dgádlolź%cleţfj;ƍjųf kţf, tƸƨ
ljşĕef±uë ljşĕs]ĕŪf;] ljşĕ;efj] jųƃLlt ljşĕeflugá. tf Pj ljşĕ, t+ jf ljş+ ;ƕoáuj;]g ehƃLltlk ljşĕeflugá,
cŪljwljşĕ;ƕo'ųwƙf. tf;' of sĕlr Psĕ ljşĕ ljşĕ, ;];f ljşĕeflugált Pj+ ljşĕlk ljşĕ;ƕo'ųwƙflk ljşĕeflugáŷ]j
j]lbtƑf, Ow kg ljşĕ;ƕo'ųf wƙfj clwƍ]tf. g ljhĕgftLlt cljşĕ, rt';ŝŞfbsj;]g rt'lƑ±wëf dáxá, tƸƨ
cljşĕef±uë cljşĕs]ĕŪf;] cljşĕ;efj] jųƃLlt cljşĕeflugá. tf Pj cljşĕ, t+ jf cljş+ ;ƕoáuj;]g ehƃLltlk
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cljşĕeflugá, cljşĕ;ƕo'ųwƙf. Pj+ cljşĕlk cljşĕ;ƕo'ųwƙflk cljşĕeflugáŷ]j j]lbtƑf, Ow kg
cljşĕ;ƕo'ųwƙfj clwƍ]tf.
tŴ c/xųdƮlrų+, kţflj/lxtt+;ƕo'ųf r ljşĕeflugá r `f);ƕo'ųsĕdfjr/hjgflg, `f)lj/lxtt+;ƕo'ųf
r ljkƧgfefj]g kjlųo+ ljşĕeflugá, cţbf g jųƑf. ¿kfjr/rt'ŴŢĕlgshjglrųflg, kţflj/lxtt+;ƕo'ųf r
dgádlolźefj]g r kťfleţfefj]g r kjlųo+ ljşĕeflugá, cţbf g jųƑf. tŴ ƀfb;fs';nlrųflg,
cljşĕlj/lxtt+;ƕo'ųf r cljşĕeflugáj, Ow kg cljşĕ, ;];lrų¿klgƑfgflg r g jųƑfj. r]tl;s]þ;' kg
dáxcƍdţf g jųƑfj, ;];f s';nfƓfstf l;of ljşĕeflugá, l;of g jųƑf, lthĕltsĕ lƀwflk g jųƑf r. ;];+
;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. k&d+.
k'g cgŢáŴ/)j;]g lsn];ƈsĕ/+ ljź+;]t'+ c;dŴtfo ljş' pkdf Pt];lƃ ljş"kdf, cflbtá tL;' d±Ʈë;'
`f)+j. lgƧ];+ ljź+;g;dŴtfo jlh/+ pkdf Pt];lƃ jlh¿kdf, c/xųd±Ʈë `f)+. oyf lx d]#ƈsĕ/] dƮklkƉƧ
klŞfbgcƈsĕ/+ ljwldŷf ljş'of pƍƉŋ±)ë rft'lb;f dƮf kfsf xálƃ, ljş'of lg?źfo k'g cƈsĕ/á cáŴl/ŷf dƮ+
klŞfb]lt, Pj+ ljkƧgfoflgsƧ oyf;s+þ ;ŝŞfbslsn];ƈsĕ/+ ljwldŷf tL;' d±Ʈë;' oyfŊþd+ pƍƉ];' rųfl/ ;ŝflg
kfsflg xálƃ, t];' lg?ź];' k'g cjl;Ūlsn];ƈsĕ/á rt';ŝ+ klŞfb]lt, tƨf tL;' d±Ʈë;' kţf ljş"kdf j'ųf. oyf kg
jlh/Ƨ ce]şá kf;f±)ëf gfd glŴ, tť lgƧ];tá jlh/+ ±vëk]lt, jlh/]g r utd±Ʈë kf;f)Ƨ k'g kfsltsefjá glŴ, Pj+
c/xųdƮ`f)Ƨ cjŢlsn];á gfd glŴ, tť lgƧ];tá c/xųdƮ`f)+ ±vëk]lt, t]g r ±vëlkt] lsn];] cjl;Ūlsn];fefjtá
tƧ k'g kŝ'bfjųg+ gfd glŴ, tƨf rt'Ŵd±Ʈë kţf jlh¿kdf j'ųf. kţf Pj x]Ŵ l;of ljş"kdf, l;of g jųƑf r
xált. ;];r]tl;slrų¿klgƑfgflg kg ;Ƒflg g jųƑfg]j. b'lto+.
afn];' l&tųf, oŴ l&tf tb'krf/]g afnf, afns/ųf jf afnf, ƀfb;fs';nlrųflg. Ow kg clxl/sť
cgáųƍť afnf gfd. klůt];' l&tųf klůtf, klůts/ųf jf klůtf, PsjL;lt s';nlrųflg. Ow kg lx/L r
cáųƍť klůtf gfd. ;];lrų¿klgƑfgflg g jųƑflg. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. tlto+.
sŲflt sĕńsĕ, lrųƧ ckeƧ/efjs/)f. ;'Ŋĕlt cábftf, keƧ/efjs/)f. ;];+ ;Ƒ+ afnb's;lb;d]j.
rt'Ŵ+.
Ow r]j ;ƕ/fo] r tk]ƃLlt tkgLof. g tkgLof ctkgLof. ;];+ afnb's;lb;d]j. kťd+.
æl;l/jŬs]ĕ wgjŬs]ĕÆltcfboá ljo jrgdųd]j clwsĕ/+ sŷf kjųf clwjrgf gfd. gfd±wëƜlƃ t];+ t];+
wƙfg+ gfdflg. tflg rt'lƑwflg ;fdţgfd+ u')gfd+ lslųdgfd+ cákkfltsgfdlƃ. tŴ k&dslƍs]þ;' dxfhg]g ;ƙlƉŷf
&lktųf ædxf;ƙtáÆlt /ţá gfdlƃ Pj¿k+ ;fdţgfd+ gfd. æwƙslys]ĕ k+;'s"þlns]ĕ sĕńá /ƧáÆlt Pj¿k+ u')tá cfut+,
æeujf c/x+ ;ƙf;Ɨ'źáÆltcfbLlglk tyfutƧ cg]sĕlg gfd;tflg u')gfd+ gfd. o+ kg hĕtƧ s'df/Ƨ `ftsĕ sƍ]ŷf
ksƍ]ŷf æco+ c;'s]ĕ gfdfÆlt gfd+ s/álƃ, Ob+ lslųdgfd+ gfd. of kg k'l/dkţlų ck/kţlųo+ lgktlt, ;]Ɯlyb+
_ k'l/dsƍ]lk rƆá rƆá Pj, Pt/lxlk cgfut]lk rƆá Pj. tyf æ;"l/oá ;d'Źá kyjL ¿k+ j]bgf ;ţf ;řf/f ljţf)+
lgƑfgÆlƃPjdflb cákkfltsgfd+ gfd. tflg k'g ljşdfgkţlų cljşdfgkţlų ljşdfg]gcljşdfgkţlų
cljşdfg]gljşdfgkţlų ljşdfg]gljşdfgkţlų cljşdfg]gcljşdfgkţųLlt Pj+ gfdkţlųj;]g %lƑwflg xálƃ.
tŴ k/dŴtá pknưdfgf oyfj'ųƀf;ųltljwf gfd¿kwƙf ljşdfgf gfd, t];+ ksĕ/]lx `fkgtá kţlų
ljşdfgkţlų gfd, ælrų+ mþƧá kyjL ¿k+ lgƑfgÆlƃcfboá k/dŴjfrsĕ ;Źf. pkflbƉgfd¿kwƙ] kg pkfbfo kţųf
;ųk'ƮnOlŴk'l/;b]jdg'Ƨlt/Şfgflbe]bf, cg'kflbƉ¿kwƙ] pkfbfo kţųf
e"ldkƑt?ŋ;srƆ;"l/ogŋųlb;fsĕnsl;)flbe]bf r k/dŴtá cg'knưdfgf cljşdfgf gfd, t];+ kţlų
cljşdfgkţlų gfd. tyf æcųf e"dLÆltcfboá cŴkţlųjfrsĕ ;Źf r lrų;ƃltjŰ'kulƃcflb ljşdfgŴjfrsĕ ;Źf
ljşdfg]gcljşdfgkţlų gfd. æk'l/;Ƨ lrų+, d]#jŰáÆltcfbL;' cljşdfg]gljşdfgkţlų gfd. ælrųnx'tf
kyjLuƈáÆltcflb ljşdfg]gljşdfgkţlų gfd. ædg'Ƨ;/L/+ ?ŋ;fvfÆltcflb cljşdfg]gcljşdfgkţlų gfd.
Pj+ %lƑwflk r]tf clwƍfo+ ljţfk]t'sĕdtflrų;d'Ūflkt;ljţlų;Źfg';f/]g `ft;Ř]tƧ ;átljţf)jLlycgƃ/+ pƍƉ]lx
dgáƀfl/sljţf±)ëlx æOdƧ]b+ gfdÆlƃ cg]s;Ź];' Psųdf/ák]ŷf jjŴflktf cŴfled'v+ gdgtá ksĕ/]lx cŴƧ `fkgtá
ægfdkţųLÆlt j'ŝlƃ, t];+ clwjrgfg+ kyf cŴf clwjrgkyf, ;ƙ'ltk/dŴe]bf ;Ƒ] wƙf ;ŹjrgLo;efjf. %Ū+.
Otá k/+ ƀ] b'sĕ clwjrgb's;lb;fj, s]þjn+ kbŴdųd]j lj;];á. tŴ cle;ř/áƃLlt ;řf/flt Pj+
lgźf/]ŷf ;x]t's+þ sŷf j'ŝdfgf lg?lų gfd, ætŊþá ljtŊþá ;ŘƍáÆlt Pj+ t]g t]g ksĕ/]g `fkgtá kţlų gfd,
oyfj'ųgfdkţlųoáj. g lx clwjrglg?lųkţųL;' cŴtá s]ĕlrlk e]bá clŴ, lgƑlųlgldųe]bbƧgŴ+ kg g];+ ljef±uëg
kbŴá blƧtá. Od];' r tL;' b's]þ;' kţlų;lxtf ;Ƒ] wƙf nưlƃ, cgƃ/] gfd¿kb's]þ kţlų/lxtflt Od] rųf/á b'sĕ
Od];' ;'ųlƃsb's]þ;' lgƍb];f, ;];f kg cŪƸt;flk ;ƍb];flt j]lbtƑf. ;ųdŪdflg.
gfds/)Ū]g, gdgŪ]g, gfdgŪ]g r gfd+, c¿kŋƈlgƑfgflg. tflg lx ;Ƒbflk j]bgf ;ţf ;řf/f ljţf)+
lgƑfglƃ cákkfltsgfdj;]g cųgá gfd+ s/áƃfj kjųlƃ rƆ;"l/ofboá ljo. g lx t];+ ;fdţu')lslųdj;]g
gfds/)lsŝ+ cŴLlt. Pj+ gfds/)Ū]g gfd+ j]lbtƑ+. cf/ƙ)fled'v+ kg gdgŪ]g, cţdţ+ tŴ gfdgŪ]g r rųf/á
c¿kŋƈfj gfd+. lgƑfg+ kg cf/ƙ)flwkltkŝotfo cųlg cgjşwƙfg+ gfdgŪ]g]j gfd+ j]lbtƑ+. ?ƍgŪ]g ¿k+,
¿kŋƈá. gjd+.
cljşĕlt b'ŋĕlbklŞfbs]ĕ ;Ƒá dáxá. ejtŲflt ejkŴgfj;]g kjųá náeá. tyf cƍjųá kg]Ŵ náeá,
;];r]tl;slrų¿klgƑfgflg r g jųƑflg. Otá k/+ kg Pj+ gjųƑljefu+ cbƧ]ŷf kbŴ;¿kdųd]j bƧloƧfd,
blƧtfj;];f g jųƑflt ux]tƑf. b;d+.
84
ejá j'ŝlt ;Ƨt+. æeljƧlt cųf r nás]ĕ rfÆlt ;Ƨtj;]g pƍşgslblŪ ejlblŪ gfd. ljejá j'ŝlt
pŞ]bá. æg eljƧlt cųf r nás]ĕ rfÆlt pŞ]bj;]g pƍşgslblŪ ljejlblŪ gfd. peo]gflk ldŞflblŪ ulxtf.
tyf cgƃ/];'lk tL;' b's]þ;'. Psĕb;d+.
vƈkťs+þ æcųf r nás]ĕ rfÆlt ux]ŷf æ;Ƨtá cųf r nás]ĕ rfÆlt kjųf lblŪ ;ƧtlblŪ gfd. tyf
æplŞlşƧtLÆlt kjųf lblŪ pŞ]blblŪ gfd. æcƃjfÆlt kjųf cƃjflblŪ gfd. æcgƃjfÆlt kjųf cgƃjflblŪ
gfd. k'Ƒƃ+ cg'utf Ɣƪhĕn] j'ųgo]g ctLts]ĕŪf;+ cf/ƙ)+ sŷf kjųf cŪf/;ljwf k'Ƒƃfg'lblŪ gfd. ck/ƃ+ cg'utf
tŴ]j cfutgo]g cgfuts]ĕŪf;+ cf/ƙ)+ sŷf kjųf rt'rųfnL;ljwf ck/ƃfg'lblŪ gfd. cod]Ŵ ;ř]ká, ljŴf/á kg
Ɣƪhĕn] ‘bL0lg01=28’, tbŪsyfo ‘bL0lg0cŪ01=28’ r j]lbtƑá. ƀfb;dt]/;dr'Ź;dflg.
clxl/sb's+þ, lxl/b'sť ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. kťb;d;áń;dflg.
b'ŋ+ jrá PtƸƨ ljƍls"þnuflxlƛ ljkŝgLs;ft] cgfb/] k'Ʈn]lt b'Ƒrá, ;xwlƙs+þ bƧ]ŷf cájlbodfg]
cgfb/sĕ/s]ĕ k'Ʈná, tƧ sƙ+ bájrƧ+, tƧ efjá bájrƧtf, cgfb/j;]g kjųf ƀ] kl#lrųf, t+;ƕo'ųf r. kfkf
cƧźfboá k'Ʈnf PtƧ ldųflt kfkldųá, tƧ efjá kfkldųtf, kfkk'Ʈn];' bŃÜelųj;]g, sĕolrų]lx t+;]jgftlƉƉtfj;]g
r kjųflg cŪ náelrųflg. ;ų/;d+.
;ájrƧtf sƠf)ldųtf r j'ųklkŋj;]g j]lbtƑf. cŴtá kg tyfkjųflg
;x]t'ssĕdfjr/s';nlsl/olrųflg. cŪf/;d+.
kť;', ;ų;' jf cfkųL;' s';nefjá cfklųs';ntf, ;x jŴ'gf tf;+ cfkųLg+ cfkşgkl/Ş]bhĕggj;]g kjųf
sĕdfjr/hjgkţf. cfkųLlx j'Ūfg] s';nefjá cfklųj'Ūfgs';ntf, j'Ūfgljwfg]g ;Ƹź cfklųj'Ūfgkl/Ş]bhĕggj;]g
kjųf oyfj'ųlrų;ƕo'ųkţfj. Ps"þgjL;ltd+.
;dfklştƑtá ;dfklų, tf;' nálsonás'ų/f;' ;ljtŊþ;ljrf/fbL;' ;dfkųL;' s';ntf ;dfklųs';ntf, ;x
kl/sƙ]g cƍgfkl/Ş]bhĕggj;]g kjųf kţf. ;dfkųLlx j'Ūfg] s';nefjá ;dfklųj'Ūfgs';ntf, oyfkl/lŞƉsĕn]o]j
tflx j'Ūfgskţf sĕdfjr/hjgkţfj. jL;ltd+.
cŪf/;;' wft";' s';nefjá wft's';ntf, ;jgwf/)klj]wkŝj]ŋ)kţf. tf;ţ]j wft"g+ dgl;sĕ/] s';nefjá
dgl;sĕ/s';ntf, tf;+ ;ƙ;gklj]wkŝj]ŋ)kţf. P; goá cfotgs';ntfolk. tŴ lx ;jgwf/)kŝj]ŋ)f
sĕdfjr/fj, klj]±wëf nás'ų/áj, ;ƙ;g+ sĕdfjr/nás'ų/+. cţdţ+ klŝ ;lxt+ mþn+ pƍfb]tLlt klŝ;d'ƍfbá,
cljşĕbLlx lglŹŪá kŝo;d"xá, tƸƨ ƀfb;ś] cg'nádklŝ;d'ƍfb] s';nefjá klŝ;d'ƍfbs';ntf, æOldgf kŝo]g Ob+
xátLÆlt hĕggj;]g kjųf nálsohjgkţfj. PsjL;ltdƀfjL;ltdflg.
ltŪlt PŴ mþn+ tbfoųj'lųtfoflt &fg+, sĕ/)+, tƸƨ &fg] s';ntf &fgs';ntf. g &fg] s';ntf
cŪfgs';ntf. t]jL;ltd+.
ph'efjá cşjá. d'b'efjá dŹjá. sĕolrų'h'stfd'b'stfƀo+. rt'jL;ltd+.
clwjf;g;řftf vdg+ vlƃ, tyfkjųsĕdfjr/hjgflg. kfktá ;'Ū' cá/tá lj/tált ;á/tá, tƧ efjá
;á/ŝ+. sĕojrLdgá;+j/;Ln;řftflg nálsonás'ų/hjgflg. kťjL;ltd+.
;ƙábslkojflbtf;řftá ;lvnefjá ;fvƠ+, oyf k/]lx ;Ƹź cųgá l%Ź+ ljj/+ g xált, Pj+ wƙfld;]lx
kl;ƅ/)+ klŞfbg+ kl;ƅf/á. cfuƃ'sƧ lx kŝ'ƮdgkųrLj/klƮx)cf;gbfgaLhgkfb±wëfjgdŋgflbgf, kfgLo]g
cfk'Şg]g, sĕn] cfutƧ ofu'cfbLg+, ljsĕn] kfgsĕbLgť bfg]g, k'glbj;] lkůfo
r/)ŪfgbƧgkj];glgŋdgsĕnf/árgflbgf r kƑlhtf, uxŪfgť ljgo] cfutgo]g oyfg'¿k+ cfld;kl;ƅf/á sĕtƑá.
cfuƃ'sþ+ kg pk;Řldŷf æt'ƛ] st/ef)sĕÆlt ck'lŞŷf æcfrl/o'kŢĕof já st/+ uƅ+ jńŧ]ƃLÆlt k'lŞŷf tƧ lj;o]
kŤk'Şg]g ;r] g ;Ŋþált, ;o+ s±yëŷf bfg]g, wƙsygkŤljƧşgsƙŪfgsygs'Ŋ'þŝlblŪljgábgflbgf,
kl/jf;flbljgosƙs/±)ëg, kƑfhgpk;ƕbflbgf r wƙkl;ƅf/á sĕtƑá. cod]Ŵ ;ř]ká, ljŴf/tá kgfo+ ;Ƹź
cflg;+;bLksjŴ"lx cŪ;flnlgo+ ‘w0 ;0cŪ01351’ `ftƑá. PtƸƨ b'lj±wë kl;ƅf/] s';nefjá kl;ƅf/s';ntf,
tyfkjųsĕdfjr/hjgflg Pj. %ƑL;ltd+.
OlƇo];' dgŞŪ];' cfkfyut¿kfbL;' cf/ƙ±)ë;' lgldųux)flbgf OlƇo;+j/e]b;řftá cu'ųƀf/efjá OlƇo];'
cu'ųƀf/tf. klƮx)kl/eáuj;]g eáhg] dų+ chĕggefjá eáhg] cdųţ'tf, tyfkjųcs';nlrųflg. ;ųjL;ltd+.
cgƃ/b's]þlk j'ųklkŋj;]g sĕdfjr/;x]t'ss';nlsl/olrųflg j]lbtƑflg. cŪjL;ltd+.
;ltljƍjf;;řftá d'Ū;ltefjá d'ŪƧŝ+, ;Ƒ] cs';nf wƙf, c;ƕhĕggefjá c;ƕhţ+, dáxá.
Ps"þgƸt;ltd+.
cgƃ/b's]þ rt'e"ldsĕ ;ltkţfj j'ųf. Ƹt;ltd+.
cƍl;řfg] cƍljfg;řft] cslƕoŪ]g oálg;ábƧg;řft+ kl;řfgd]j anlƃ kl;řfgan+,
sĕdfjr/kţfj. ;ųaáŢśflbefjgfj;]g kjųf rt'e"dswƙf efjgfan+. PsƸt;ltd+.
kŝgLswƙ] ;d]tLlt ;d±yëf, ;á ltlj±wëf lrų;d±yëf clws/);d±yëf ;Ƒ;řf/;d±yëflt. tŴ r k'Ƒefuf;'
cŪ;dfkųL;' PsƮtf lrų;d±yëf gfd, ;ƙ'vfljgoflb ;ųlj±wëf clws/);d±yëf gfd, lgƑfg+ ;Ƒ;řf/;d±yëf gfd. Ow
kg rt'e"ds]ĕ ;dflw clwƍ]tá. clgŝflbj;]g ljlj±wëgfsĕ/]g kƧtLlt ljkƧgf, nálsonás'ų/f ljkƧgfkţfj.
afƸų;ltd+.
;d±yëfj t+ cfsĕ/+ ux]ŷf k'g kjų]tƑƧ ;dyƧ lgldųlƃ ;dylgldų+. kƮfxlgldų]lk P;]j goá.
rt'e"ds;dflwjLl/oflg Pj. t]Ƹų;ltd+.
85
cgƃ/b's]þlk jLl/o;dfwL Pj j'ųf. rt'Ƹų;ltd+.
;Lnljgfl;sĕ c;+j/;řftf ;LnƧ ljkųLlt ;Lnljklų, tyfkjųf cs';nwƙf. ;ƙflblŪof ljklų
lblŪljklų, ldŞflblŪ Pj. kťƸt;ltd+.
;á/ŝd]j ;LnƧ ;ƕfbgtá ;Lnkl/k"/)tá ;LnƧ ;ƕbflt ;Ln;ƕbf. lblŪkfl/k"l/e"t+ `f)d]j lblŪof
;ƕbflt lblŪ;ƕbf. rt'e"dsĕ ;Lnkţfj. tyf cgƃ/b's]þlk. %Ƹų;ltd+.
lj;'lźefj+ ;ƕųf ;Ln;řftf ;LnƧ lj;'lź ;Lnlj;'lź. lgƑfg;řft+ lj;'Ƹź kfk]t'+ ;dŴf bƧg;řftf lblŪof
lj;'lź lblŪlj;'lź. ;ųƸų;ltd+.
sƙƧstf;ŝfg'náldsdƮmþn;ƕo'ųkţf lblŪ lj;'lź gfd. oyflblŪƧ tbg'¿k+ kwfg+ oyflblŪƧ r kwfg+
gfd. cŪƸt;ltd+.
;+j]uhgsĕlg hĕlth/fƓflwd/);řftflg sĕ/)flg ;+j]hgLoŪfgflg gfd, t];' hĕltcflbklŝ;d'ƍƉeo;řft+
;+ljhg+ ;+j]±uëf gfd, tyfkjųs';nflb Pj. Pj+ ;+j]uhĕtƧ oálg;á pkfo]g kwfg+ ;+ljƮƧ oálg;á kwfg+,
nálsonás'ų/jLl/od]j. Ps"þgrųfnL;ltd+.
s';nwƙk"/±)ë c;ƃ'lŪefjá c;ƃ'lŪtf. oá kg bfg+ bŷf ttá t]g c;ƃ'Ūá x'ŷf ;/)udg+ cfsřlt, ttá
kť;LnfƸb, kƑş+, a'źjrgfg+ pƮŲg+, ;dyljkƧg+, ttá t]gflk c;ƃ'Ūá cg'Ŋþd]g c/xų+ uŲflt, co+ c;ƃ'lŪtf
s';n];' wƙ];'. clws';nwƙfg+ efjgfo pŊþŮdfgá kwfg+ kljfk]lt lgjųfk]tLlt kljflg, g kljflg cƍljflg,
tƧ ejá cƍljflgtf. c/xų+ cƍŷf kwfgƸƨ clgjųgtf cgá;Ŋþgtf, tyfkjųnálsonás'ų/s';nf wƙf.
rųfnL;ltd+.
ljhĕggtá ljşĕ, k'Ƒ]lgjf;r't"kkftcf;jŋo`f)flg. ljd'ŝgtá ljd'lų, cŪ ;dfklųoá, lgƑfgť. cŪ
;dfklųoá lx cf/ƙ±)ë clwd'ŝgtá, ;o+ ljŋlƘtlsn];]lx ljd'ŝgŪ]g r ljd'ųLlt j'ųf, lgƑfg+ kg ;Ƒlsn];]lx
cŝƃljd'ŝgŪ]g. PsrųfnL;ltd+.
lsn];ŋos/];' rt";' cl/od±Ʈë;' `f)+ vo] `f)+ gfd. kl;lƈj;]g cg'ƍfbe"t] t+t+dƮjŢlsn];fg+
cg'ƍfbkl/oá;fg] pƍƉcl/omþn] `f)+ cg'ƍfb] `f)+ gfd. ;];+ ;ƑŴ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. ƀfrųfnL;ltd+.
;'ųlƃsb'sdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
dáxljŞ]blgof clewƙdfltsŴjŰgfo
wƙ;ś)LdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
2= ljeśdfltsĕ
Obflg wƙ;ś)Ldfltsĕgƃ/+ ljeśdfltsĕo cŴjŰgf cg'ƍųf. tƧf kg _
cŴtá wƙe]b]g, ljeśgobƧgf.
kflńd'ųgof rflk, xált ;+jŰgfgoáĶ
;f kg];f cŪf/;Ɖ+ ljeśfg+ cflblƛ &lktf cŪf/;ljwf xált _ vƈljeśdfltsĕ-cfotg-wft'-;ŝ-OlƇo-
kŝofsĕ/-;ltkŪfg-;ƙƍwfg-OlźkfbaáŢś-dƮś´fg-cƍdţf-l;ŋĕkb-kl;lƘbf-`f)-v'ŹsjŴ'-wƙxboljeśdflt
vƈljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
tŴ cflbe"tfo vƈljeśdfltsĕo cŴtá tfj _ kťŋƈflt PŴ kťflt u)gkl/Ş]bá, t]g g ttá x]Ūf, g
pźlƃ bƧ]lt. vƈflt kl/lŞƉwƙlgbƧg+. tŶfo+ vƈ-;Źá ;Ɨx'n];' &fg];' lgktlt /fl;lƛ u'±)ë kŰlųo+ ?lŃÜolƃ.
tŴ ædxfpbsŋƈáÆltcfbL;' ‘;+0lg0 5=1037 c0lg0 4=51 5=45 6=37’ lx /fl;tá vƈá gfd. æ;Lnŋƈá
;dflwŋƈáÆltcfbL;' ‘bL0lg0 3=355’ u')tá. æcŹ;f ±vëf eujf dxƃ+ bf?ŋƈÆlƃcfbL;' ‘;+0lg0 4=241’
kŰlųtá. æljţf)+ ljţf)ŋƈáÆltcfbL;' ‘w0;063’ Pslƕ lrų+ ?lŃÜtá vƈá gfd, Ʃfoldw /fl;tá clwƍ]tá. /f;Ūá
lx vƈ-;Źá, s]ĕŪf;Ūáltlk jų'+ jũlt. násƸƨ lx O)+ ux]ŷf rálbodfgf æƀLlx vƈ]lx bƧfd tLlx vƈ]lx bƧfdfÆlt
jblƃ, tƨf vƈált s]ĕŪf;ált j'ų+ xált. ¿kŋƈált PŴ ?ƍtLlt ¿k+, ;Lt'ŲfbLlx kl;źfsĕ/]g ?ƍlt #ũLolt,
kLlńotLlt cŴá. j'ų+ x]t+ eujtf _
æ?ƍtLlt ±vëf, leŋj], tƨf ¿klƃ j'ŝlt. s]þg ?ƍltĠ ;Lt]glk ?ƍlt, pŲ]glk ?ƍlt,
lh#Şfolk ?ƍlt, lkkf;folk ?ƍtLÆltcflb ‘;+0lg0 3=79’.
¿kť t+ vƈá rflt ¿kŋƈá, ¿k/fl; ¿ks]ĕŪf;ált cŴá. j]bgfŋƈfbL;'lk P;]j goált co+
tfj]Ŵ cŴtá ;+jŰgfgoá.
86
wƙe]btá kg]Ŵ x]Ūf s';nlųs]þ ljeųf ctLtflbe]bleƉf ;Ƒ] ¿kwƙf ¿kŋƈá gfd. tyf
rt'e"dsĕ j]bgf;ţfoá j]bgfŋƈá gfd, ;ţfŋƈá gfd. j]bgf;ţf kg &k]ŷf ;];f mþƧfboá kţf; r]tl;sĕ
;řf/ŋƈá gfd. kť;' vƈ];' lgƑfgd]j c;ślxt+, pkfbfgŋƈ];' kg ;Ƒ] nás'ų/wƙf. cod]j lx vƈ]lx
pkfbfgŋƈfg+ lj;];á. vƈf clj;];tá j'ųf, pkfbfgŋƈf ;f;jákfbflgoefj]g lj;];]ŷf. Ow kg clj;];]g
j'ųųf lgƑfg+ &k]ŷf cj;];f ;Ƒ] wƙf ;śx+ uŞƃLlt co+ wƙe]btá ;+jŰgfgoá.
ljeśgobƧgflt ljeśkflńof cfutcŴgobƧgtá. ljeśkflńo+ lx ;'ųƃefhgLo+
clewƙefhgLo+ kŤfk'Şslƃ tLlx go]lx vƈljeśá ljeųá. tyf cfotgljeśfboá. s]þjn+ lx OlƇoljeś],
l;ŋĕkbljeś] r ;'ųƃefhgLo+ glŴ. kŝofsĕ/ljeś] kŤfk'Şs+þ glŴ. `f)ljeśfbL;' kg tL;' toálk gof
g ;lƃ. t];' lx `f)ljeśá Psljwtá kŪfo ofj b;ljwf ljeųá, v'ŹsjŴ'ljeśá Psljwtá kŪfo ofj
ƀf;lŪke]bf ljeųá, wƙxboljeśá kg ;Ƒ;śxfbLlx b;lx jf/]lx ljeųá, tƨf t];+ t];+ gofg+
d'vdųbƧgj;]g tŴ tŴ ;+jŰgf eljƧlƃ. tlŶb+ vƈljeś] ltŰ+ gofg+ d'vdųbƧg+. ;]Ɯlyb+ _
;'ųƃefhgLo] tfj ¿kŋƈá _
ætŴ stdá ¿kŋƈáĠ o+ lslť ¿k+ ctLtfgfutkŝ'ƍƉ+ cŢų+ jf alxźf jf cáńfl/s+þ jf ;'v'd+
jf xLg+ jf k)Lt+ jf o+ b"/] ;lƃs]þ jf, tb]sŢ+ cle;ţ"lxŷf cle;lřlkŷf co+ j'ŝlt ¿kŋƈáÆlt ‘lje02’ _
Pj+ plŹl;ŷf ljŴf/tá ljeųá, tyf j]bgfŋƈfboálk. tŴ lgosŢų+ gfd cŢų¿k+ cŢų+ gfd, ttá cţ+ k/k'Ʈnut+,
cljţf)ť alxźf gfd, tyf j]bgfboálk. k;fblj;o¿k+ kg cáńfl/s+þ gfd, ;];+ ;'v'd+ gfd. clgŪ¿k+ xLg+ gfd,
OŪ¿k+ k)Lt+ gfd.
gg' OŪflgŪ+ gfd kf]Ŋ+þ klljeų+ gfd glŴ, Ps+þ PsŝƧ OŪ+ xált dgfk+, tb]j cţƧ r clgŪ+ xált.
jŴfbLlg lx ;"s/fbLg+ glƍoflg xálƃ, g dg'ƧfbLg+, t];ť jŴfe/)fbLlg lkoflg, g ;"s/fbLglƃ, tƨf ?lrj;]g]j
OŪflgŪtf ux]tƑfĠ g, OŪflgŪfg+ kf]Ŋ+þ ljeųųf. s';nsƙh+ lx s';nljkfslj;oáj OŪ+ gfd, cs';nsƙh+
cs';nljkfslj;oáj clgŪ+ gfd, ;ţfljkƟf;]g kg s]ĕlr OŪd]j a'ź¿kfƸb hjgŋ±)ë clgŪtá dgl; s/ált, clgŪť
lg/olƮ;Ŵlj;fƸb OŪtá dgl; s/ált. hjg]lx Pj ljkƟf;efjá, g ljkfs]þxLlt ljkfsj;]g OŪflgŪ+ lgot+ j]lbtƑ+.
;ƙáxljgáblgof kg ljeśŪsyfo _
æ;'v;ƖþƧ+ lx u"ysnn+ rŋ'ƀf/#fgƀf/];' clgŪ+, sĕoƀf/] OŪ+ xált. rŊþjlųgá dl)/tg]g
kályodfgƧ, ;'jŰ;"n] pųfl;odfgƧ r dl)/tg;'jŰ;"nflg rŋ'ƀf/] OŪflg xálƃ, sĕoƀf/] clgŪfgLÆlt
‘lje0cŪ06’ _
Pj+ ƀf/j;]g PsƧ]j jŴ'gá OŪtf, clgŪtf r j'ųf. ;f r Psŋ±)ë g o'ųf Pssnfkute"tákfbfo¿kfg+
Ps;fdlƮod'ƍlųtá. g lx e"t];' cs';nj;]g clgŪ];' pƍşƃ];' tb'kfbfo¿kflbs';n]g OŪflg pƍşlƃ, leƉŋ±)ë kg
OŪflg dl)/tgfbLlg t]lx kályodfgƧ cs';nkŝo]g pt'gf clgŪflg ljkl/)dlƃ, s';nkŝo]g clgŪflg u"ysnnfbLlg
OŪfgLlt, co+ gá cųgádlt. Pj+ ljeų];' r OŪflgŪ];' t+ t+ ¿k+ pkfbfo'kfbfo xLg+, k)Ltť bŪƑ+. ;'v'd+ kg ¿k+
b"/]¿k+ gfd, cáńfl/s+þ ;lƃs]þ¿k+ gfd. t+ t+ jf kg ¿k+ pkfbfo'kfbfo ¿k+ b"/] ;lƃs]þ bŪƑ+. ;];+ j'ųgod]j.
j]bgfbL;' kg cs';nf j]bgf cáńfl/sĕ, Ot/f ;'v'df. s';nfs';nf cáńfl/sĕ, cƓfstf ;'v'df. b'ŋĕ j]bgf
cáńfl/sĕ, Ot/f ;'v'df. ;'vb'ŋĕ jf cáńfl/sĕ, Ot/f ;'v'df. c;dfkƉƧ jf j]bgf cáńfl/sĕ, ;dfkƉƧ ;'v'df.
;f;jf cáńfl/sĕ cgf;jf ;'v'df. t+ t+ jf kg j]bg+ pkfbfo'kfbfo cáńfl/s;'v'dtf bŪƑf. cs';nf j]bgf
s';nfƓfstflx b"/], tf r tfo b"/]lt Pj+ hĕlt;efjk'Ʈne"lde]btá j'ųgo]g b"/]j]bgf bŪƑf, s';nf j]bgf s';nfo
;lƃs]þlt Pj+ hĕltcflb;fdţtá ;lƃs]þj]bgf bŪƑf. t+ t+ jf kg j]bg+ pkfbfo'kfbfo j]bgf b"/];lƃs]þ bŪƑf. Pj+
;ţfŋƈfbL;'lk oyfg'¿k+ cáńfl/s;'v'dtfboá j]lbtƑflt. cod]Ŵ ;ř]ká, ljŴf/á kg ljeśkflńcŪsyf;'
‘lje08cfboá¶ lje0cŪ08cfboá’ ux]tƑált co+ ;'ųƃefhgLogoá.
clewƙefhgLogo] ¿kŋƈƧ tfj Psljwflbtá ofj Psĕb;ljwf ¿ksů] j'ųgo]g j]lbtƑf. j]bgfŋƈá kg
Pslj±wëf mþƧ;ƕo'ųá, b'lj±wëf ;x]t'sb'sj;]g, ltlj±wëf s';nlųsj;]g, rt'lƑ±wëf rt'e"dsj;]g, kťlj±wëf ;efje]b]g,
%lƑ±wëf %ƀfl/sj;]g, ;ųlj±wëf ;ųljţf);ƕoáuj;]g, cŪlj±wëf t];' sĕoljţf);ƕo'ų+ ;'vb'ŋj;]g lƀwf lelƆŷf,
gjlj±wëf t];' dgáljţf);ƕo'ų+ s';nlųsj;]g ltwf lelƆŷf, b;lj±wëf t];' sĕoljţf);ƕo'ų+ b'ljwf, dgáljţf);ƕo'ųť
ltwf lelƆŷflt Pj+ ;x]t'sb'sd"n+ k&djf/+ jŷf k'g s';nlųsŪfg] j]bgflųskLltlųs;lgbƧglųsjlşt] ;Ƒlųs]þ oáh]ŷf
ofj b;ljwf, ck/]lk cŪf/; jf/f j'ųf. oyf r]Ŵ ;x]t'sb'sd"lnsĕ ;Ƒlųsoáhgf, Pj+ x]t';ƕo'ųb'sĕbL;'
cg'¿kb'sd"lnsĕlk ;/)b'skl/oá;fgf kŝ]s+þ ;Ƒlųsoáhgflk j]lbtƑflt co+ b'sd"ns]ĕ oáhgfgoá. oyf r Ps]þsb's]þg
;Ƒlųsoáhgfj;]g b'sd"ns]ĕ goá j'ųá, Pj+ Ps]þslųs]þg oyfg'¿k+ ;Ƒb'soáhgfj;]g ltsd"ns]ĕ, tb'eoldƧsj;]g
petájŬgs]ĕ r goá j]lbtƑá. oyf r]Ŵ j]bgfŋƈ], Pj+ ;ţfŋƈfbL;'lk oyf/x+ b'sd"nsĕlbgof j]lbtƑflt co+
clewƙefhgLogoá.
kŤfk'Şsgo] kg kťƉ+ vƈfg+ slt s';nf, slt cs';nf, slt cƓfstf, slt ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųf»k]0
slt ;/)f, slt c/)fltĠ ¿kŋƈá cƓfstá, rųf/á vƈf l;of s';nf, l;of cs';nf, l;of cƓfstf, ¿k+, j]bgf r
j]bgflųs]þ g jųƑf, ;];f ltwflk xálƃ, ¿k+ g]jljkfsgljkfswƙwƙ+, l;of pkflbƉ'kfbflgo+, l;of cg'kflbƉ'kfbflgo+,
c;+lslnŪ;+lsn]l;s+þ, ;];f rųf/á vƈf tLlx lts]þlx ltwflk xálƃ. ¿k+ cljtŊþcljrf/+, toá vƈf ltwflk xálƃ,
;řf/ŋƈá ltwf r g jųƑá r. ¿k+ g jųƑ+, j]bgf l;of kLlt;xutf, g jųƑf, toá ltwf r g jųƑf r. ¿k+
g]jbƧg]ggefjgfokxftƑ+, gbƧg]ggefjgfokxftƑx]t's+þ, g]jfroufldgckroufld, g]j;]v+gf;]v+, kl/ų+, ;];f
87
ltwflk xálƃ. kl/ųf/ƙ)lųs]þ ¿k+ cgf/ƙ)+, ;];f ltwf r g jųƑf r. ¿k+ dlŢd+, clgot+, ;];f ltwflk.
dƮf/ƙ)lųs]þ r ¿k+ cgf/ƙ)+, ;];f ltwflk jf g jųƑf. pƍƉftLtlųs]þ;' kťlk ltwf xálƃ. ctLtf/ƙ)lųs]þ ¿k+
cgf/ƙ)+, ;];f ltwf r g jųƑf r. cŢųlųs]þ kťlk ltwf xálƃ. cŢųf/ƙ)lųs]þ ¿k+ cgf/ƙ)+, ;];f ltwflk g
jųƑf r. rųf/á vƈf clgbƧgcƍl#f, ¿kŋƈá ltwflk xált.
rųf/á vƈf gx]t", ;řf/ŋƈá l;of x]t', l;of g x]t'. ¿k+ cx]t's+þ, x]t'ljƍo'ų+, ;];f lƀwflk. toá vƈf
l;of ;x]t'sĕ r]j g r x]t", l;of g jųƑf r, ;řf/ŋƈá lƀwf r g jųƑá r, ¿k+ g jųƑd]j. tyf cgƃ/b's]þlk.
¿k+ gx]t'cx]t's+þ, toá lƀwflk, ;řf/ŋƈá lƀwf r g jųƑá r. kťlk ;ƍŝof, ;řtf, rųf/á clgbƧgf, cƍl#f,
¿k+ lƀwflk. ¿k+ ¿kL, ;];f c¿lkgá. ¿k+ nálso+, ;];f lƀwflk. kťlk s]þglr ljţ]Ɯf, g r s]þglr ljţ]Ɯf r.
rųf/á gá cf;jf, ;řf/f lƀwflk, g jųƑf r. ¿k+ ;f;já, cf;jljƍo'ųá ;];f lƀwflk. ¿k+ ;f;jf r]j gá r
cf;jf, toá tyf r g jųƑf r. ;řf/á lƀwf r g jųƑá r. ¿k+ g jųƑd]j, toá l;of cf;j;ƕo'ųf r]j gá r
cf;jf, l;of g jųƑf, ;řf/á lƀwf r g jųƑá r. ¿k+ cf;jljƍo'ų+ ;f;jť, ;];f lƀwf r g jųƑf r. Oldgf
go]g ;+oáhg±uëfŞsĕbL;'lk oáhgf j]lbtƑf. s]þjn+ lx k/fdf;;ƕo'ųb's]þ ¿k+ k/fdf;ljƍo'ų+, toá lƀwflk, ;řf/á
lƀwflk, lblŪj;]g g jųƑá r. tlto] Pųsd]j lj;];á. ¿k+ cgf/ƙ)+, ;];f ;f/ƙ)f. ljţf)+ lrų+, ;];f gá
lrųf. toá r]tl;sĕ, ƀ] cr]tl;sĕ. toá lrų;ƕo'ųf, ¿k+ lrųljƍo'ų+. ljţf)+ g jųƑ+. tyf lrų;+;Ūb's]þlk.
toá lrų;d'Ūfgf, ljţf)+ gá lrų;d'Ūfg+. ¿k+ lƀwflk. tyf cgƃ/b'sƀo]lk. toá lrų;+;Ū;d'Ūfgf, ƀ] gá
lrų;+;Ū;d'Ūfgf. tyf cgƃ/b'sƀo]lk. ljţf)+ cŢlųs+þ, toá aflx/f, ¿k+ lƀwflk. rųf/á gá pkfbf. ¿k+
lƀwflk. kťlk l;of pkflbƉf, l;of cg'kflbƉf, gá pkfbfgf.
lsn];±uëfŞs]ĕ j'ųgoáj. ¿k+ g]jbƧg]ggefjgfo kxftƑ+, ;];f lƀwflk. Pj+ ofjkLltb'sĕ oáhgf
j]lbtƑf.
¿k+ g j]bgf, g ;'vf, g ;'v;xutf, ;];f lƀwflk. tyf cgƃ/b's]þlk. ¿k+ sĕdfjr/+, ;];f lƀwflk.
Pj+ ofj ;/)b'sĕ oáhgf j]lbtƑf. co+ kŤfk'Şsgoá.
Od] kg gof ljŴf/tá kflńcŪsyflx `ftƑf. cŴljlgŞoá r g];+ wƙ;ś)LdfltsŴ;+jŰgfo j'ųfg';f/]g
`ftƑá. Otá k/+ clt/]s+þ cjŷf ck'Ƒd]j jŰloƧfdflt co+ ljeśgobƧgtá ;+jŰgfgoá.
Obflg kg]Ŵ _
sdtág"gflwstá, bŪƑ;de]btá.
kflńd'ųgoá `]Ɯá, vƈs]ĕ;ƟldŞtfĶ
tŴ sdtált PŴ pƍlųŊþdá kxfgŊþdá klklųŊþdá e"ldŊþdá b];gfŊþdált ax'lj±wë;' sd];' vƈfg+ b];gfŊþdáj
o'şlt, g Ot/], c;Ƙjf. ce]b]g lx kť;' vƈ];' cųƮfxkltt+ j]g]Ɯhg+ ;d"x#gljlgưáubƧg]g cųƮfxtá dár]t'sĕdá
eujf lxtsĕdá tƧ tƧ hgƧ ;'vƮx)Ŵ+ rŋ'cfbLg+ lj;oe"t+ cáńfl/s+þ k&d+ ¿kŋƈ+ b];]l;, ttá OŪflgŪlj;o;+j]bs+þ
cáńfl/s+þ j]bg+, o+ j]b]lt, t+ ;ŧfgftLlt Pj+ j]bgflj;oƧ cfsĕ/Ʈflxs+þ ;ţ+, ;ţfj;]gfle;řf/s]þ ;řf/], t];+
j]bgfbLg+ lgƧoflwklte"t+ ljţf)lƃ co+ tfj]Ŵ sdá.
cg"gflwstált sƨf kg eujtf kť]j vƈf j'ųf cg"gf cglwsĕltĠ ;Ƒ;řt;ef±uës;śxtá,
cųųlgoƮfxjŴ'Ƨ Ptƍ/dtá, cţ];ť tbj/áwtá. cg]sƍe]b];' lx ;řtwƙ];' ;efuj;]g ;śƞdfg];' ¿k+
¿k;ef±uës;śxj;]g Ps]ĕ vƈá xált, j]bgf j]bgf;ef±uës;śxj;]g Ps]ĕ vƈá xált. P; goá ;ţfbL;'lk, tƨf
;Ƒ;řt;ef±uës;śxtá kť]j j'ųf. Ptk/dť]t+ cųųlgoƮfxjŴ', olbb+ ¿kfboá kť, tƨf cųųlgoƮfxjŴ'Ƨ
Ptk/dtálk kť]j j'ųf. o]lk rţ] ;Lnfboá kť wƙŋƈf j'ųf, t]lk ;řf/ŋƈkl/ofkƉųf PŴ]j cj/áw+ uŞlƃ, tƨf
cţ];+ tbj/áwtálk kť]j j'ųflt co+ cg"gflwstá.
bŪƑ;de]btált bŪƑe]btá, pkdfe]btá r. tŴ bŪƑe]btá tfj kť'kfbfgŋƈf ;fdţtá
plŋųfl;skŝlŴstá, ef/tá, vfbstá, clgŝb'ŋcgų;řftjwstá r bŪƑf. lj;];tá kg m]þ)lků+ ljo ¿k+ bŪƑ+,
pbsa'Ƒ'ńd/Llrssblnŋƈdfof ljo oyfŊþd+ j]bgfboá bŪƑf. oyf lx m]þ)lkůá ljdŹf;xá, ;á r kųyfnsĕlbcŴ+
ulxtálk tdŴ+ g ;f±wëlt, leşlt, Pj+ ¿klƕ ljdŹf;x+, tť ;'eflbj;]g ulxtlƕ g tyf ltŪlt, c;'eflbo]j xált.
oyf jf m]þ)lkůá cg]s;lƈ#ltá ax'Ɖ+ pbs;ƍflbkf)sĕg+ cfjf;á, cflbtá r]; ab/kŊþdųá x'ŷf
cg'k'ƑjŬgs]ĕ plŪtdųálk r]; leşlt, ±yëfs+þ uƄflk, ;d'Ź+ kŷf kg cjƧd]j leşlt Pj+ ¿klƕ l%Źfjl%Ź+
cg]s;lƈ#lt+ c;Lltlslds'njálsŰ+, cflbtá r]t+ snndų+ x'ŷf cg'k'ƑjŬgs+þ, snndų]lk r]t+ leşlt, cƑ'bflbefj]lk
cfo'ŋo+ kŷf cjƧd]j leşlt. Pj+ m]þ)lků;lb;+ bŪƑ+.
oyf kg a'Ƒ'ńá d'x'ų/d)Loá cuƞ'k±uëf g lr/lŪlts]ĕj, Pj+ j]bgflk. oyf r a'Ƒ'ńá pbstn+, pbslaƆ'+,
pbshƟs+þ ;ŘlŬŷf k'+ sŷf ux)jftťflt rųfl/ sĕ/)flg klŝ pƍşlt, Pj+ j]bgflk jŴ'+, cf/ƙ)+, lsn];hƟ+,
mþƧ;Ŝũgťflt rųfl/ sĕ/)flg klŝ pƍştLlt ;f a'Ƒ'ń;lb;f bŪƑf.
oyf kg d/Llrsĕ hnf;oflbefj]g ljƍnlƘsĕ, Pj+ ;ţflk lgŝflbefj]gflt d/Llr;lb;f bŪƑf. oyf kg
sblnŋƈá cuƞ'k±uëf ax'jlũ;dáwfgá, Pj+ ;řf/ŋƈálk cuƞ'k±uëflgŝflb;f/lj/lxtá, mþƧflbax'wƙ;dáwfgá r xátLlt
;á sblnŋƈ;lb;á bŪƑá. oyf kg dfof c;'jŰ/htflb¿kflglk tyf ufxfk]ŷf dxfhg+ jť]lt, Pj+ ljţf)lƕ
clgŝflb¿k+ t]g]j lrų]g cfuŞƃ+ ljo lgŝflbtá r ufxfk]ŷf jť]tLlt t+ dfof;lb;+ bŪƑ+. j'ųť _
æm]þ)lků"kd+ ¿k+, j]bgf a'Ƒ'ń"kdf.
d/Llrs"þkdf ;ţf, ;řf/f sbn"kdf.
88
dfo"kdť ljţf)+, b]l;tflbŝaƈ'gfÆltĶ ‘;+0lg0 3=95’.
cod]Ŵ bŪƑe]bá.
pkdfe]btá r kg lunfg;fn"kdá ¿k'kfbfgŋƈá, ±uënţ"kdá j]bg'kfbfgŋƈá, ±uënţ;d'Ūfg"kdá
;ţ'kfbfgŋƈá, c;ƍfo;]jg"kdá ;řf?kfbfgŋƈá lunfg"kdá ljţf)'kfbfgŋƈá. clkr
rf/ssĕ/)ck/fwsĕ/)sĕ/sck/flws"þkdf Pt] efhgeáhgƓŧgkl/j];se'ŧs"þkdf rflt cod]Ŵ pkdfe]bá. Pj+
kflńd'ųsljlgŞogoá `]Ɯá.
vƈljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
cfotgljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
cfotgljeśdfltsĕo kg cŴtá tfj _ ƀfb;fotgfgLlt PŴ cfotgtá, cfofg+ tggtá, cfotƧ r gogtá
cfotgflg. rŋ'¿kfbL;' lx t+t+ƀf/f/ƙ)f lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙf ;]g ;]g cg'ejgflbgf lsŝ]g cfotlƃ pkŪxlƃ #]lƃ
jfodlƃ, t] r kg cfoe"t] wƙ] Ptflg tgálƃ ljŴf/]lƃ, Obť ctLj cfot+ ;+;f/b'ŋ+ goƃ]j, kjųoƃLlt j'ų+ xált,
tƨf æcfotgfgLÆlt j'ŝlƃ.
clkr lgjf;ŪfgŪ]g, cfs/Ū]g, ;dá;/)ŪfgŪ]g, ;ŧfleb];Ū]g, sĕ/)Ū]g r ;f;g], nás]þ r æcfotgÆlƃ
j'ŝlƃ. rŋ'cfbL;' lx t] t] lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙf tbfoųj'lųtfo lgj;lƃ, t];' r cfs/e"t];' cflsŰf jŴf/ƙ)j;]g r
;dá;/lƃ, rŋĕboáj g];+ ;ŧfltb];á, sĕ/)ť, tƨf lgjf;Ūfgflbgf cŴ]g rŋĕbLlg cfotgfgLlt j]lbtƑflg.
rŋĕotglƃcfbL;' rŋtLlt rŋ', ¿k+ cƧfb]lt, ljefj]lt rflt cŴá. ¿kotLlt ¿k+. jŰljsĕ/+ cfkşdfg+
xbośtefj+ ksĕ;]tLlt cŴá. ;')ftLlt ;át+. ;ƍtLlt ;Źá, pbfx/LotLlt cŴá. #fotLlt #fg+. uƈotLlt uƈá,
cųgá jŴ'+ ;"rotLlt cŴá. hËljt+ cƢfotLlt lhƢf. /;lƃ t+ ;ųflt /;á, cƧfb]ƃLlt cŴá. s'lŞtfg+ ;f;jwƙfg+
cfoált sĕoá, pƍlųb];á. m'þ;LotLlt mþáŪƑ+. dgtLlt dgá. cųgá nŋ)+ wf/]ƃLlt wƙf. rŋ' r t+ oyfj'ų]gŴ]g
cfotgťflt rŋĕotg+»k]0 wƙf r t] cfotgťflt wƙfotglƃ co+ tfj]Ŵ kbŴá.
wƙe]btá kg]Ŵ ;Ƒlƕ ljţf)+ dgfotg+ gfd. r]tl;s;'v'd¿klgƑfgflg wƙfotg+ gfd. ;];flg ;'ljţ]Ɯflg.
Od];' r cfotg];' ctLtflbe]bleƉf, sĕnljlgd'ųf r nálsonás'ų/f ;Ƒ] gfd¿kwƙf, kţlųoá r ;ślxtflt j]lbtƑf.
æhĕlt ƀLlx vƈ]lx Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of ;ślxtfÆltcflbjrgtá ‘wft'071’ lx ¿kf¿knŋ)fg+ hĕlth/feśfg+
;řf/ŋƈwƙfotgwƙwft";' ;ślxtųf Ot/f;lƕ kţųLg+ oyf/x+ tŴ ;ślxtefjá j]lbtƑált cod]Ŵ wƙe]bá.
ljeśgotá kg]Ŵ ;'ųƃefhgLo] tfj ærŋ'+ clgŝ+ b'ŋ+ cgųf ljkl/)fdwƙ+. ¿kf clgŝf b'ŋĕ cgųf
ljkl/)fdwƙf»k]0 wƙf clgŝf b'ŋĕ cgųf ljkl/)fdwƙfÆlt ‘lje0154’ Pj+ lj;lolj;ofotgj;]g cfotgflg
j'ųfgLlt co+ ;'ųƃefhgLogoá.
clewƙefhgLo] kg k;fblj;ofotgflg tfj ætŴ std+ rŋĕotg+Ġ o+ rŋ' rt'Ɖ+ dxfe"tfg+ pkfbfo
k;fbáÆltcflbgf ‘lje0156’ ¿ksů] ‘w0;0597’ j'ųgo]g ljeųflg. dgfotg+ kg Psljwtá kŪfo ofjb;ljwf
j]bgfŋƈ] j'ųgo]g ljeų+. wƙfotg+ kg ætŴ std+ wƙfotg+Ġ j]bgfŋƈá ;ţfŋƈá ;řf/ŋƈá, oť ¿k+
clgbƧgcƍl#+ wƙfotgkl/ofkƉ+ c;řtf r wft"Ælt ‘lje0167’ plŹl;ŷf ætŴ stdá j]bgfŋƈáÆltcflbgf ‘lje0
167’ j]bgfŋƈfbL;' j'ųgo]g ljeų+. ;'v'd¿klgƑfgflg ¿ksů] j'ųgofg]jflt co+ clewƙefhgLogoá.
kŤfk'Şsgo+ kg Otá k/+ ljŴf/tá cbƧ]ŷf ltsb'sĕg+ cflbcƃ]lx r]j lj;];ŴbLks]þlx r ltsb's]þlx oáh]ŷf
bƧloƧfd, ;];]lxlk ltsb's]þlx oáhgfgoá vƈ] j'ųgo]g ;Ŋĕ `ft'lƃ. sy+ ƀfb;Ɖ+ cfotgfg+ slt s';nf»k]0 slt
c/)fltĠ b;fotgf cƓfstf, ƀfotgf l;of s';nf, l;of cs';nf, l;of cƓfstf. j]bgflųs]þ b;fotgflg g jųƑflg,
dgfotg+ ltwflk, wƙfotg+ ltwf g jųƑť»k]0 ¿kfotg+ ;lgbƧg;ƍl#+, gjfotgflg clgbƧg;ƍl#flg,
dgfotgwƙfotgflg clgbƧgcƍl#flg, Psĕb;fotgflg g x]t", wƙfotg+ l;of x]t', l;of g x]t'»k]0
Psĕb;fotgflg ;ƍŝoflg, wƙfotg+ l;of ;ƍŝo+, l;of cƍŝo+»k]0 b;fotgflg ¿k+, dgfotg+ c¿k+, wƙfotg+
lƀwflk»k]0 b;fotgflg c/)flg, ƀfotgflg l;of ;/)flg, l;of c/)fgLlt co+ kŤfk'Şsgoá.
Obflg kg _
sdtá tfjųtá r, t];+ bŪƑe]btá.
kflńd'ųgo]g]Ŵ, ljţftƑá ljlgŞoáĶ
tŴ sdtált Owflk b];gfŊþdáj o'şlt. cŢlųs]þ;' lx cfotg];' ;lgbƧg;ƍl#lj;oųf rŋĕotg+ kfslƃ
k&d+ b]l;t+, ttá clgbƧg;ƍl#lj;oflg ;átfotgfbLlg. cy jf bƧgfg'ųl/o;jgfg'ųl/ox]t'efjtá ax"ksĕ/ųf
rŋ';átfotgflg k&d+ b]l;tflg, ttá #fgfotgfbLlg tLl), kťƉlƕ kg ±uëfr/lj;oųf cƃ] dgfotg+, rŋĕotgfbLg+
±uëfr/ųf t];+ cgƃ/+ ¿kfotgfbLlg. clkr ljţf)'ƍlųsĕ/)jjŴfgtálk cod]t];+ sdá j]lbtƑá. j'ų+ x]t+ ærŋ'ť klŝ
¿k] r pƍşlt rŋ'ljţf)+»k]0 dgť klŝ wƙ] r pƍşlt dgáljţf)Ælƃ ‘d0 lg03=421 ;+0lg0 4=60 113
dxflg0107’ co+ tfj]Ŵ sdá.
tfjųtált tfjefjtá. Ob+ j'ų+ xált _ rŋĕboálk lx wƙf Pj, Pj+ ;lt wƙfotgldŝ]j cjŷf sƨf
89
ƀfb;fotgflg j'ųfgLlt r]Ġ %ljţf)sĕo'ƍlųof ƀf/f/ƙ)jjŴfgtá cod]t];+ e]bá xátLlt ƀfb; j'ųflg.
rŋ'ljţf)jLlykl/ofkƉƧ lx ljţf)sĕoƧ rŋĕotgd]j pƍlųƀf/+, ¿kfotgd]jf/ƙ)+. tyf Ot/flg Ot/];+. %ŪƧ
kg ejśdg;řftá dgfotg]sb];áj pƍlųƀf/+, c;fwf/)ť wƙfotg+ cf/ƙ)lƃ. Olt %Ɖ+ ljţf)sĕofg+
pƍlųƀf/f/ƙ)jjŴfgtá ƀfb; j'ųfgLlt cod]Ŵ tfjųtf.
bŪƑe]btált PŴ kg ;Ƒflg r]tflg cfotgflg cgfudgtá, clgƮdgtá r bŪƑflg. g lx tflg k'Ƒ] pbof
s'tálr cfuŞlƃ, glk pź+ jof s'lxlť uŞlƃ cy ±vëf k'Ƒ] pbof cƍlnź;efjflg pź+ jof kl/leƉ;efjflg,
k'Ƒƃfk/ƃj]dŢ] kŝofoųj'lųtfo cj;flg kjųlƃ, tƨf cgfudgtá, clgƮdgtá r bŪƑflg. tyf lg/Lxtá,
cƓfkf/tá r. g lx rŋ'¿kfbLg+ Pj+ xált æcxá jt cƛfs+þ ;fdlƮo+ ljţf)+ gfd pƍş]ƜfÆlt, g r tflg
ljţf)'ƍfbgŴ+ ƀf/efj]g, jŴ'efj]g, cf/ƙ)efj]g jf Ɠfkf/dfkşlƃ, cy ±vëf wƙtfj];f o+ rŋ'¿kflb;fdlƮo+
rŋ'ljţf)fbLlg ;Ƙjlƃ, tƨf lg/Lxtá, cƓfkf/tá r bŪƑflg. clkr cŢlųsĕlg ;'ţá ufdá ljo bŪƑflg
w'j;'e;'vųefjlj/lxtųf, aflx/flg ufd#ftsrá/f ljo. tyf cŢlųsĕlg %kf)sĕ ljo bŪƑflg, aflx/flg t];+
±uëfr/f ljoflt cod]Ŵ bŪƑe]bá. Pj+ kflńd'ųgo]g]Ŵ ljţftƑá ljlgŞoá.
cfotgljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
wft'ljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
wft'ljeśdfltsĕo kg cŴtá tfj _ cŪf/; wft'oált PŴ ljbxlt, wLot], ljwfg+, ljwLot] Ptfo, PŴ jf
wLotLlt wft'. nálsof lx wft'oá sĕ/)efj]g jjlŴtf. cg]sƍsĕ/+ ;+;f/b'ŋ+ ljbxlƃ lgƎþfb]lƃ, ;ų]lx r wLoƃ]
wf/Lolƃ, b'ŋljwfgdųd]j r]tf, Ptflx r sĕ/)e"tflx ;+;f/b'ŋ+ ;ų]lx cg'ljwLolt, oyfljlxtť b'ŋ+ PtfƩ]j wLolt
&kLotLlt Pt]lx cŴ]lx oyf;Ƙj+ æwft'oáÆlt j'ŝlƃ.
oyf jf ;/L/;řftƧ ;d'bfoƧ cjoje"t];' /;;ál)tfbL;' cţdţ+ lj;efunŋ)kl/lŞƉ];' wft';dţf,
Pjd]t];'lk kťŋƈ;řftƧ cųefjƧ rŋĕbL;' wft';dţf j]lbtƑf. nálsonás'ų/;fwf/)Ŵj;]g kg cųgá ;efj+
wf/]ƃLlt wft'oá. lgşËjdųfgd]t+ clwjrg+, tƨf oyfj'ų]gŴ]g rŋ' r t+ wft' rflt rŋ'wft'. Pj+ ;];];'kLlt co+
tfj]Ŵ kbŴá.
wƙe]btá kg]Ŵ cfotg];' j'ųgo]g j]lbtƑá. clkr kťƀf/fjşg;ƕlŞgƀoljţf)+ dgáwft' gfd.
kťljţf)dgáwft'jlşt+ kg ;Ƒlƕ ljţf)+ dgáljţf)wft' gfd. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j.
ljeśgotá kg]Ŵ ;'ųƃefhgLo] tfj _ ækyjLwft' cfká t]h]ĕ jfoá cfsĕ;ljţf)wft"Ælt % wft'oá plŹl;ŷf
cflbtá kť cŢlųsaflx/j;]g, klŞdf r % ljţf)j;]g ljeųf, ck/flk æ;'vwft' b'ŋ;ádgƧbádgƧ'k]ŋĕcljşĕwft"Ælt
% wft'oá plŹl;ŷf tyf tyf ljeųf, k'g ck/flk æsĕdwft' ƓfkfbljƸx;fg]ŋƙcƓfkfbcljƸx;fwft"Ælt % wft'oá
plŹl;ŷf, Pj+ tLlx %Ŋ]þlx kŝ]s+þ t]e"dsĕ cŪf/; wft'oá ;¿ktá, nŋ)fxf/tá, lgƧolj;okoáuljgfefjflbtá r j'ųflt
j]lbtƑflt co+ ;'ųƃefhgLogoá.
clewƙefhgLo] kg ;¿k]g]j cŪf/; wft'oá plŹl;ŷf k;fblj;owft'oá cfotg] j'ųgo]g ljeųf, ;ų
ljţf)wft'oá kg _
ætŴ stdf rŋ'ljţf)wft'Ġ rŋ'ť klŝ ¿k] r pƍşlt lrų+»k]0 rŋ'ljţf)wft'. co+ j'ŝlt
rŋ'ljţf)wft'»k]0 sĕoljţf)wft'.
ætŴ stdf dgáwft'Ġ rŋ'ljţf)wft'of»k]0 sĕoljţf)wft'of»k]0 lg?ź;dgƃ/f pƍşlt
lrų+»k]0 ;Ƒwƙ];' jf kg k&d;dƉfxf/á pƍşlt lrų+»k]0 co+ j'ŝlt dgáwft'.
ætŴ stdf wƙwft'Ġ j]bgfŋƈá ;ţfŋƈá ;řf/ŋƈá, oť ¿k+ clgbƧg+ cƍl#+
wƙfotgkl/ofkƉ+, c;řtf r wft'»k]0 co+ j'ŝlt wƙwft'.
ætŴ stdf dgáljţf)wft'»k]0 dgáwft'oflk pƍlşŷf lg?ź;dgƃ/f pƍşlt lrų+»k]0
dgť klŝ wƙ] r pƍşlt lrų+»k]0 co+ j'ŝlt dgáljţf)wft"Ælt ‘lje0184’ _
Pj+ ljeųf. tŴ ;Ƒwƙ];' jf kg k&d;dƉfxf/ált PŴ kťljţf)lj;o];' ;Ƒwƙ];"lt Pj+ cŴá ux]tƑá. dgáwft'oflk
pƍlşŷf lg?ź;dgƃ/flt PŴ kg lk-sĕ/á ;lƕůgŴá, tƨf dgáwft'oflk ;ƃL/)jáŪƑgflbdgáljţf)wft'ofkLlt
PjdŴá ux]tƑá. dgť klŝfltcfbL;' dgáƀf/] ejśdgť]j rt'e"dswƙf/ƙ)ť klŝ ;xfjşgshjg+ lgƑųtLlt
cŴá. co+ clewƙefhgLogoá.
kŤfk'Şsgo] kg cŪf/;Ɖ+ wft"g+ slt s';nf»k]0 slt c/)fltĠ ;áń; wft'oá cƓfstf, ƀ] wft'oá ltwflk
xálƃ»k]0 b; wft'oá g]jljkfsgljkfswƙwƙf, kť wft'oá ljkfsĕ, dgáwft' l;of ljkfsĕ, l;of
g]jljkfsgljkfswƙwƙf, ƀ] wft'oá ltwflk xálƃ. b; wft'oá pkflbƉ'kfbflgof, ;Źwft'oá cg'kflbƉ'kfbflgof, kť
wft'oá l;of pkflbƉ'kfbflgof, l;of cg'kflbƉ'kfbflgof, ƀ] wft'oá ltwflk»k]0 b; wft'oá l;of pƍƉf, l;of
pƍflbgá, ;Źwft' l;of pƍƉf, l;of cg'ƍƉf, l;of g jųƑf pƍflbgált, % wft'oá ltwflk. wƙwft' ltwfj»k]0
¿kwft' ;lgbƧg;ƍl#f, gj wft'oá clgbƧg;ƍl#f, cŪ wft'oá clgbƧgcƍl#f. ;ų/; wft'oá g x]t", wƙwft'
lƀwfj»k]0 ;áń; wft'oá c/)f, ƀ] wft'oá lƀwfkLlt co+ kŤfk'Şsgoá.
90
Obflg kg]tf;+ _
sdtfjųtá bŪƑf, kŝofg+ ljefutá.
wft"gldw ljţ]Ɯá, kflńd'ųljlgŞoáĶ
tŴ sdtá tfj Owflk b];gfŊþdáj o'şlt. ;á r kgfo+ x]t'mþnfg'k'ƑjjŴfgj;]g j'ųá. rŋ'wft' ¿kwft"lt
Ob+ lx ƀo+ x]t', rŋ'ljţf)wft"lt Ob+ mþn+. Pj+ ;ƑŴ. co+ tfj]Ŵ sdá.
tfjųtá kg of Ow ;'ųƃefhgLo] tLlx %Ŋ]þlx j'ųf wft'oá r]j, t];' t];' ;'ųflewƙkb];];' æcfefwft'»k]0
cg]swft'gfgfwft'nás]ĕÆltcflbgf cfutf rflt cţflk ax'wft'oá lbƧlƃ, tf;lƕ j;]g kl/Ş]b+ cjŷf sƨf cŪf/;]j
j'ųfltĠ tf;lƕ tbƃáuwųf.
clkr ljhĕgg;efj] ljţf±)ë hËj;ţLg+ tƧf rŋ'ljţf)flbe]b]g cg]st+, rŋ'¿kflbkŝofoųj'lųtfo clgŝtť
ksĕ;]ŷf tƸƨ bL#/ųfg';lothËj;ţf;d"xggŴť cŪf/;]j j'ųf. lsť leƜá _ j]g]ƜŢĕ;oj;]g r. j]g]Ɯf lx c¿kd"ŃÜá
¿kd"ŃÜá peod"ŃÜált ltljwf xálƃ. t];+ ltŰlƕ oyfŊþd+ gflt;ř]kljŴf/tá c¿ke]bljefljgL vƈb];gf, ¿ke]bljefljgL
cfotgb];gf, tb'eoe]bljefljgL wft'b];gf ;ƍfoflt j]g]ƜŢĕ;oj;]g cŪf/;]j j'ųflt. j'ųť _
æ;ř]kljŴf/go]g tyf tyf lx, wƙ+ ksĕ;olt P; oyf oyfƧ.
;źƙt]hljxt+ ljno+ v±)ëg, j]g]Ɯ;ųxbo];' tdá koftLÆltĶ ‘lje0cŪ0183’.
cod]Ŵ tfjųtf.
bŪƑtá kg]tf ;Ƒflk ;řtf wft'oá k'Ƒƃfk/ƃljljųtá, w'j;'e;'vųefj;'ţtá, kŝofoųj'lųtá r bŪƑf.
lj;];tá kg]Ŵ e]l/tn+ ljo rŋ'wft' bŪƑf, bůá ljo ¿kwft', ;Źá ljo rŋ'ljţf)wft'. tyf ltƧálk r]tf oyfŊþd+
cfbf;tnd'vd'vlgldųflg ljo. tyf ltnoƃrŊþt]nflg ljo, cw/f/)Lpų/f/)LcƮL ljo r bŪƑf. P; goá
;átwft'cfbL;'lk. dgáwft' kg oyf;Ƙjtá rŋ'ljţf)wft'cfbLg+ k'/]r/fg'r/f ljo bŪƑf. wƙwft'o+ kg j]bgf
;Ɵ;"nldj ;ţf l/ųd'lŪ ljo, ;řf/f lj;?ŋldj, ;'v'd¿k+ v'/rŊ+þ ljo, c;řtf wft' ±vëdƃe"ld ljo r bŪƑf,
dgáljţf)wft' kg dŊþá ljo, cƧvń'Řá ljo, oŴsĕdlgkflttá j]xf;lŋųbůá ljo, /śgá ljo r bŪƑf. cod]Ŵ
bŪƑtf.
kŝofg+ ljefutá kg]Ŵ rŋ'ljţf)wft'of rŋ' lgƧokŝoá, ¿k+ cf/ƙ)kŝoá, lsl/ofdgáwft' cgƃ/kŝoá,
toá c¿lkgá vƈf ;xhĕtkŝoá. Pj+ ;átljţf)fbL;'lk. dgáljţf)wft'of kg dgáwft' cgƃ/kŝoá, wƙwft'
cf/ƙ)kŝoá, ;ƕo'ųlgƧo;xhĕtflbkŝoált co+ kŝoljef±uëf. Pj+ ljţ]Ɯá kflńd'ųljlgŞoá.
wft'ljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
;ŝljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
;ŝljeśdfltsĕo kg cŴtá tfj _ rųfl/ cl/o;ŝfgLlt PŴfo+ ;ŝ-;Źá cg]s]þ;' cŴ];' lbƧlt. ;]Ɯlyb+ _
æ;ŝ+ e±)ë g s'Ţ]ƜfÆltcfbL;' ‘w0k0224’ jfrf;ŝ]. æ;ŝ] l&tf ;d)Ɣfƪ)fÆltcfbL;' ‘hĕ02=21=433’ lj/lt;ŝ].
æsƨf g' ;ŝflg jblƃ gfgf, kjflbof;] s';nfjbfgfÆltcfbL;' ‘;'0lg0891’ lblŪ;ŝ]. æPs+þ lx ;ŝ+, g
b'ltodŴLÆltcfbL;' ‘;'0 lg0890’ k/dŴ;ŝ], lgƑfg] r]j d±Ʈë r. ært'Ɖ+ cl/o;ŝfg+ slt s';nfÆltcfbL;'
‘lje0216’ cl/o;ŝ]. Ʃfoldwflk cl/o;ŝ] jųlt. s]þgŪ]g ;ŝflgĠ tyŪ]g. s]ĕo+ tyŪá gfdĠ oá kţfrŋ'gf
pkkl/ŋdfgfg+ dfofj ljk/Ltá, d/LrLj lj;+jfbs]ĕ, ltlŴofg+ cŴf ljo cg'knưdfg;efjá r g xált, cy ±vëf
afwgƍej;lƃlgƜfge"t]g tŞfljk/Lte"tefj]g cl/o`f)Ƨ ±uëfr/á xált. co+ tyŪá ;ŝŪált j]lbtƑá. j'ųť _
æOlt tŞfljkƟf;e"tefj+ rt";'lk.
b'ŋĕbLƩlj;];]g, ;ŝŪ+ cfx' klůtfÆlt ‘lje0cŪ0189 ;f/Ŵ0L0 dxfjƮ 3=14’Ķ
cl/oflg r tflg ;ŝflg rflt cl/o;ŝflg. cl/ofgLlt pųdflg, clj;+jfbsĕgLlt cŴá. cl/o]lx a'źfbLlx
klljlŢtƑflg ;ŝflg, cl/oƧ jf ;ƙf;Ɨ'źƧ ;ƃsĕlg ;ŝflg t]g pƍflbtųf, ksĕl;tųf r, cl/oefjs/flg jf ;ŝflg
t];+ cle;Ɨ'źųf cl/oefjl;lźtált cl/o;ŝflg. æb'ŋ+ cl/o;ŝÆlƃcfbL;' kg b'-Olt co+ ;Źá s'lŞt] lbƧlt. s'lŞt+
lx k'ų+ æb'k'ųáÆlt jblƃ. v+-;Źá kg t'Ş]. t'Ş+ lx cfsĕ;+ ævÆlƃ j'ŝlt. Obť k&d;ŝ+ s'lŞt+
cg]s]ĕkŹjflwŪfgtá, t'Ş+ afnhgkl/slƍtw'j;'e;'vųefjlj/lxttá, tƨf s'lŞtųf, t'Şųf r æb'ŋÆlƃ j'ŝlt. ;+-Olt
r co+ ;Źá æ;dfudá, ;d]tÆlƃcfbL;' ;+oáu+ bLk]lt. p-Olt co+ ;Źá æpƍƉ+ plbtÆlƃcfbL;' pƍƸų. co-;Źá kg
sĕ/)+ bLk]lt. Obť b'lto;ŝ+ cj;];kŝo;dfoá±uë ;lt b'ŋƧ'ƍlųsĕ/)lƃ æb'ŋ;d'boáÆlt j'ŝlt.
tlto;ŝ+ kg oƨf lg-;Źá cefj+, /áw-;Źá rf/s+þ bLk]lt, tƨf cefjá PŴ, PtƸƨ jf clwut]
;+;f/rf/s;řftƧ b'ŋlg/áwƧ ;Ƒult;'ţųf, tƍlkŋųf rflt æb'ŋlg/áwÆlƃ j'ŝlt, b'ŋƧ jf cg'ƍfblg/áwkŝoųf.
rt'Ŵ+ kg oƨf Pt+ b'ŋlg/áw+ uŞlt, ;ų+ jf t+ udolt cf/ƙ)j;]g tbled'vųf, klkbf r xált b'ŋlg/áwƍlųof,
tƨf æb'ŋlg/áwufldgL klkbfÆlt j'ŝlt.
clkr b'ŋĕbLg+ rųf/á rųf/á cŴf ljeųf tyf cljtyf cgţyf, o] b'ŋĕbLlg cle;d]ƃ]lx cle;d]tƑf.
91
oyfx _
æb'ŋƧ kLńgŪá ;řtŪá ;ƃfkŪá ljkl/)fdŪá, Od] rųf/á b'ŋƧ b'ŋŪf tyf cljtyf
cgţyf. ;d'boƧ cfo"xgŪá lgbfgŪá ;+oáuŪá klnaáwŪá »k]0 lg/áwƧ lgƧ/)Ūá ljj]sŪá c;řtŪá
cdtŪá»k]0 dƮƧ lgƜfgŪá x]ŷŪá bƧgŪá cflwkt]ƜŪá»k]0 cgţyfÆlt ‘kl0d02=8’.
Pj+ ljeųfg+ rt'Ɖ+ rt'Ɖ+ cŴfg+ j;]g b'ŋĕbLlg j]lbtƑflg. co+ tfj]Ŵ kbŴá.
wƙe]btá kg tŲfjlştf ;Ƒnálsowƙf, ;+lsn]l;sjlştf jf b'ŋ;ŝ+ gfd, tŲf kg ;Ƒf
cs';nf jf nálsos';nf jf wƙf ;d'bo;ŝ+ gfd, lgƑfg+ lg/áw;ŝ+ gfd, nás'ų/s';nlrų;ƕo'ųflg
cŪdƮśflg b'ŋlg/áwufldgL klkbf cl/o;ŝ+ gfd. Od]lx kg dƮś]lx ;ƕo'ųf lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙf r]j
;fdţmþnflg r]Ŵ c;ślxtfgLlt j]lbtƑflg. tflg lx æoblgŝ+ t+ b'ŋÆlƃ ‘;+0lg0 3=15’ jrgtá
;řf/b'ŋ;ślxtflglk. ofo kl/ţfo eujlt Ɣƪrl/o+ j'Ƨlt tyų]g g xálƃ, b'ŋ+ cl/o;ŝlƃ g j'ŝlƃ,
tflg &k]ŷf ;Ƒ] nálsonás'ų/wƙf ;ślxtflt bŪƑf. co+ wƙe]bá.
ljeśgotá kg]Ŵ ;'ųƃefhgLo] b'ŋ;ŝ+ tfj _
ætŴ std+ b'ŋ+ cl/o;ŝ+Ġ hĕltlk b'ŋĕ, h/flk b'ŋĕ, d/)lƕ b'ŋ+,
;áskl/b]jb'ŋbádgƧ'kfof;flk b'ŋĕ, clƍo]lx ;ƕoá±uëf b'ŋ]ĕ, lko]lx ljƍoá±uëf b'ŋ]ĕ, olƕŞ+ g nelt, tlƕ
b'ŋ+, ;+lvų]g kť'kfbfgŋƈf b'ŋĕÆlt ‘lje0190’ _
plŹl;ŷf ljeų+. tŴ b'ŋ+ ltljw+ xált b'ŋb'ŋ+ ljkl/)fdb'ŋ+ ;řf/b'ŋlƃ. tŴ b'ŋb'ŋ+ b'ljw+ kl/ofob'ŋ+
lgƍl/ofob'ŋlƃ. tŴ sĕlosr]tl;sb'ŋbádgƧj]bgf lgƍl/ofob'ŋ+ gfd, tbj;];f kg b'ŋb'ŋƧ jŴ'e"tf kť'kfbfgŋƈf
kl/ofob'ŋ+ gfd. ;'v;ádgƧj]bgf ljkl/)fdb'ŋ+ gfd. ;Ƒ] kg kť'kfbfgŋƈf, ;Ƒ;řtf jf ;řf/b'ŋ+ gfd. Od];+
ltŰ+ b'ŋĕg+ j;]g oyfoáu+ tL;' ej];' hĕltcfbLg+ b'ŋb'ŋtf j]lbtƑf. sĕdejƸƨ lx hĕlt tfj ;o+ g b'ŋĕ,
ckfoultdg'ƧultcfbL;' kg lg/olƮ;ƃfkflbd"ns+þ, uưáŊþlƃsĕlbd"ns+þ, lh#Şflkkf;flbd"nsť b'ŋ+ tƧ ;ƑƧ
sĕlosr]tl;sb'ŋƧ jŴ'efj]g kl/ofotá b'ŋlƃ. tyf h/fd/)fboálk. s]þjn+ h/f sĕob'Ƒntfd"nƧ,
k'ųbf/flbkl/ejd"nƧ r, d/)+ kg df/)lƃsj]bgfe"tƧ, lg/oflbultlgldųbƧgd"nƧ r b'ŋƧ jŴ'efjtá, ;ásĕboá
;ásĕlbd"nƧ sĕlosr]tl;sb'ŋƧ jŴ'efjųf r]j ;o+ b'ŋųf r b'ŋĕlt j]lbtƑf. ljkl/)fdb'ŋ;řf/b'ŋtf r];+ kl;źfo]j.
Pj+ sĕdej] hĕltcfbLg+ tLlxlk b'ŋ]lx b'ŋtf j]lbtƑf. ¿kf¿kej];' kg oƨf ;áskl/b]jb'ŋbádgƧ'kfof;f g ;lƃ, tƨf
tŴ hĕltcfbLg+ ljkl/)fdb'ŋ;řf/b'ŋj;]g r b'ŋtf j]lbtƑf, g b'ŋb'ŋj;]gflt co+ b'ŋ;ŝ] goá.
;d'bo;ŝ+ kg æsĕdtŲf ejtŲf ljejtŲfÆlt ‘lje0203’ tųsd]j plŹl;ŷf æ;f ±vëf kg];f tŲf sŴ
pƍşdfgf pƍştLÆlt ‘lje0203’ k'lŞŷf %Ɖ+ %Ɖ+ OlƇolj;oljţf)mþƧj]bgf;ţfr]tgftŲfljtŊþljrf/fg+ lj;oe"tfg+
j;]g tŲfo æPŴ];f tŲf pƍşdfgf pƍştLÆlt Pj+ pƍƸų ksĕ;]ŷf ljŴf/tá ljeų+.
lg/áw;ŝ+ kg ætƧf Pj tŲfo c;];lj/fulg/á±wëf rf±uëf kllgƧ±Ʈëf d'lų cgfnoáÆlt ‘lje0204’ jŷf k'g
æ;f ±vëf kg];f tŲf sŴ lg?Ţdfgf lg?ŢtLÆlt ‘lje0204’ k'lŞŷf ;d'bo;ŝ] j'ųOlƇofbLg+ j;]g klnádtá tŲfo
lg/áw+ ksĕ;]ŷf ljŴf/tá ljeų+. tŴ c;];lj/fulg/á±wëfltcfbLlg kbflg lgƑfgj]jrgflg. lgƑfg+ lx cfuƙ tŲf
c;];f lj/şlt, lg?Ţlt, rhËolt, kllgƧşËolt, d'ŝlt, g cƟLolt, tƨf æc;];lj/fulg/á±wëf rf±uëf kllgƧ±Ʈëf
d'lų cgfnoáÆlt j'ŝlt. Psd]j lx lgƑfg+, gfdflg kgƧ ;Ƒ;řtfg+ gfdklkŋj;]g cg]sĕlg xálƃ.
gg' kf]Ŋ+þ lgƑfg+ gfd glŴ, lsn];ŋodųd]j lgƑfg+, t]g]j r tf;' tf;' ;'ųflewƙb];gf;' æ/fuŋoá
bá;ŋoáÆltcflbgf ‘;+0lg0 4=314’ j'ųlƃ r]Ġ g, c/xųlgƑfgfg+ Pstfkşgtá. c/xųlƕ lx æoá ±vëf, cfj';á,
/fuŋoá bá;ŋoá dáxŋoá, Ob+ j'ŝlt c/xųÆlƃ ‘;+0lg0 4=314’ /fufbLg+ kl/ŋoƃ] pƍƉųf pkrf/]g c/xų+
/fuŋoflbefj]g j'ŝlt, tyf /fufbLg+ vox]t'ųf lgƑfglƕ /fuŋoflbefj]g j'ųlƃ ux]tƑ+. Ot/yf lgƑfgƧ ax'ų+
cfkşlt /fufbLg+ ax'Ɖ+ voƧflk ax'ųf. ;Ƒlsn];fglƕ voƧ Psų]g k&dd±Ʈëg lblŪcfbLg+ vo] ;Ƒlsn];ŋoá
cfkşlt, cáńfl/sųťƧ l;of lt/Şfgfglƕ pƍƉ/fuŋoƧ kfsų]g lgƑfgƍlųtá, ±uëfŶe"ŋ±)ëlk r /fuflbŋoá xált
±uëfŶe'gá lgƑfglj;oųf, dƮƧ kg lgƑfgf/ƙ)tfcƍ;śá. g lx cųgf ±vëlkodfglsn];ŋodf/ư d±Ʈëf pƍşlt, cefjá
rƧ cfkşlt /fuflbŋoe"tƧ kg cefjƧ kŋj;]g t'Ş¿kųf, tƧflk efjųfefjfj ljj]snŋ)+ g l;of, ;řttf rƧ
l;of. g lx sbflr pknưdfg+ c;řt+ eljt'd/xlt ;Ƒ];lƕ cx]t'sųfklųtá, ;řtų]lk rƧ g lgƑfgų+
pƍlųh/feś;dlśtfo b'ŋųf, tyf r cefjƧflk cefjá, cgjŪfgť vL)fglƕ /fufbLg+ k'g pƍşg+ o];+ t];d]j cefjá
cefjƧ ljgŪųf.
clkr sĕ/)ƃ/]g jf efj] pƍƉ] /fufbLg+ g sĕlr xflg xált. g lx cţƧ'ƍlųo+ cţ+ ljuŞlt. cefjá efjƧ
lj/álw, lj/álw;lƉwfg] r Ot/+ ljuŞtLlt r]Ġ lsldb+ ljudg+ gfd. olb tlƕ efj¿k+, ;dfgbá;tf rƧ l;of
cgjŪfgť, g r cŴl;lź. olb t'Ş¿k+, Ƹs k&dd]jƧ t'Ş¿ktfo pkutfo b"/lƕ uƄf pkuƃƑflt l;źf,
/fuflbŋoe"tƧ lgƑfgƧ t'Ş¿ktfo cefjá, g r cefjá Pj lgƑfg+. ctLtfgfutbá;fgdefj] lgƑfgƍlųof cefjtá
jųdfgfgť cefjá gfd. cefjá gfd g lsn];ljuddųá, clk t' cg'ƍlųefj]g. cŝƃljudá lgƑfg]gflk
;ƕfbLotLlt r]Ġ g, tƧ sĕ/)efjf. ljkƧgf sĕ/)ldlt r]Ġ g, cųflbljsƍhgs;řtwƙbƧg]g ljgf
cgųflbljsƍe"tfo ljkƧgfo cg'ƍlųtá. olb lx pƍş]Ɯ, tfo ;Ƒ]lk ;ųf ljd'ųf Pj l;o'+, gá r sbflr g k'Ş]Ɯ
lj?źwƙbƧgfefjf. g lx bƧg+ ljgf ljsƍá ;Ƙjlt, g r cųflt ljsƍhgs¿kflbbƧgd]j tlƑ?źljsƍhgs+þ
xált. a'źfgť k/ƕ/ákb];]g ¿kfbL;' ljkƧgfljsƍá pƍştLlt r]Ġ g, t];lƕ lj?źbƧgfefj]g
ljkƧgfljsƍfg'ƍlųtá. g lx oflb;fo sĕ/);fdlƮof oflb;+ sĕl/o+ pƍşlt, tflb;fo Pj tlƑ?ź+ pƍşlt
92
cx]t'sųƍ;śtá. g r lj?źbƧgfefj]g PsƧ ljkƧgfljsƍhgs;fdlŴofefjtá tflb;fg+ k/ƕ/folk tưfjá,
tb'kb];á r ;Ƙjlt. ltnŋ)"kb];gfgƃl/stfo kg a'źfg+ lgƑfg;lŞlsl/of l;lź, t]g]jƧ lsn];fgdŝƃƍxfgƧ,
ljkƧgákb];;fdlŴoƧ r l;źLlt lgƑfgd]j tb'eosĕ/)+, gfţlƃ ux]tƑ+.
sƨf kg lgƑfgbƧg]g /fufbLg+ cŝƃƍxfg+, ltnŋ)ť xált. g lx cţƧ bƧg]g Ot//fuƍxfg+,
ltnŋ)`f)ť o'ųlƃĠ g, c;řtbƧg]g ;řtƧ jf bá;Ƨ jf kfsųf. lbŪcŝƃ;'vfg+ lx jũ;'±vë, tlƉƧof/ƙ)fbL;' r
;'vfledfgá, jũfle/lt r kxLolt lbŪk/tL/Ƨ gfljsƧ gfjfo]sb];] ;'vfledfgfle/ltoá ljo. clkr ;řtwƙ];'
clƟgf /fufboá c;řtwƙ] ;Ůft'+ g ;Ŋþálƃ clƮŋƈ] ljo dlŋsĕ, yn] ljo r hnr/f, lgƑfgbƧg]g kxLgbá;Ƨ lrųƧ
ofyfjtá t];' ;řt];' ltnŋ)bƧg+ ;Ƙjlt e];şĕn]k]g ljxtsĕrltld/flbbá;Ƨ rŋ'gá #flb¿kbƧg+ ljo, lbŪbá;];' rƧ
;řf/];' g k'g /fufbLgd'ƍlų `ftf ;'lrefj] ljo jŝs"þk]lt j]lbtƑ+.
sƨf kg s]þ;lť ;ųfg+ Pj lgƑfg;lŞlsl/of;Ƙjá, g ;Ƒ];lƃĠ cgflba'źk/ƕ/ákb];;fk]ŋųf, t];ť
pkb];sĕg+ ;ƑŴ ;Ƒbf cefjtá, ;át"gť v);ƕlųof cŝƃb'Ɵeųf, rŊþjfńfgť cgƃųf, tƨf s]þlr Pj a'ź'ƍfbsĕn]
ltnŋ±)ëfkb];nfe]g lgƑfg+ ;lŞs/álƃ, g ;Ƒ]lt ux]tƑ+.
sy+ kg]Ŵ /fufbLg+ cŝƃljudá lgƑfg]g ;fwLotLltĠ g tfj ;á, ctLtfgfutfg+ t];ldbflg cefjf, k'Ƒ] r
tƧ ljşdfgųf, jųdfgfg+ ;/;lg/áwtá. syťƧ t'Ş¿kƧ lgƑfgƧ x]t'ų] oyfj'ųbá;fgdj;/ált r]Ġ g, tƧ
efj¿kųf. k'Ƒefuklklųof lx lgƑfgdf/ư cg';ofhggefj]g pƍƉdƮf Pj lsn];fgdg'ƍfblg/á±wëf tb'ƍlųof
cfoƸt pƍşgf/xfg+ cg'ƍlųtá clƮ;lƉwfg] cŘ'/fhgsefj]g pƍƉ;flnŋƈƧ aLhtfefj¿ktf ljo. g lx cefjá gfd
s]ĕlr k/dŴtá clŴ, oá sĕ/±)ëg hgLolt tlƑ?źŋ)'ƍfbgefjáj'ƍfbg+ cg]sŋ)'ƍfbg]g vƈsĕ/fefj'ƍfbg+ ljo, tƨf
lsn];fg+ cg'ƍlųlg/áw;řftƧ cl/odƮƧ pklgƧoųf pklgƧoákrf/]g lgƑfg+ æc;];lj/fulg/á±wëfÆltcflbgf j'ų+.
;¿k]g]j sƨf g j'ųlƃ r]Ġ cle;'v'dųf, cg'knźk'Ƒųf r, ;'v'dtf rƧ eujtá cƍáƧ'Ŋþtfjrgtá, cl/o]g rŋ'gf
klƧtƑtá r j]lbtƑf.
PŴ kg k/jfbL cfx _ ægŴ]j lgƑfg+ cg'knưgLotáÆlt. g cg'knưgLo+ tƧ l;źųf. pknưlt lx t+
tbg'¿kklklųof cl/o]lx. clkr lgƑfg+ gŴLlt g jųƑ+ ;Ƒ;ųfg+ lj?źwƙfg+ efj]g ckjƮfefjƍ;śtá. g r t+
o'ų+ pŲflbklkŋƧ ;Ltflbgá ljo ejklkŋƧ lgƑfgƧlk cjƧ+efjf. j'ųť _
æoyflk pŲ] ljşƃ], ck/+ ljşlt ;Ltn+.
Pj+ ltljwlƮ ljşƃ], lgƑfg+ OlŞtƑsÆlƃĶ ‘a'0j+02=11’ _
cflb. cŝƃlg/áwx]t'gá ljkƧgákb];Ƨ bƧgtá r cŴ]j lgƑfg+ t+ ljgf tƧf;Ƙjtált j'ųájfodŴá. tb]t+ k'l/dfo
s]ĕlof cefjtá cƍej+, ttáj ch/fd/)+, lgŝť xátLlt c)'cfbLglƕ lgŝefjklų lgƑfgƧ]j lgŝųflt r]Ġ g,
leƉflws/)ų]g x]t'nŋ)Ƨfg'kklųtá. c)'cfbLglƕ c;řttf Olt r]Ġ g, c;řttfl;lźtá c;řtfgťfg]sųfg'kklųtá.
olb lx c;řt+ gfd ej]Ɯ, Ps]þg]j eljtƑ+ b];sĕn;efje]bƧ sĕ/)e]bsųf, leƉ;efjfglƕ cx]t'sų] cltƍ;śtá.
;řt]lx ;efjleƉƧ lgƑfgƧ sy+ cx]t'stflt r]Ġ c;řt;efj]g ;řt;efj]lx leƉƧ sĕ/)fgk]ŋųf. c;řtų]
lx ;dfg] ej;efje]bá sĕ/)e]b+ ;"rolt tƨf Psd]j lgŝ+ eljt'd/xlt, tť oyfj'ųo'lųtá, ;Ƒţ'jrgtá r
k/dŴtá ljşdfg+ lgƑfgd]j. j'ų+ x]t+ eujtf æclŴ, leŋj], chĕt+ ce"t+ cst+ c;řtÆlƃ ‘Oltj'043’. co+
b'ŋlg/áw;ŝ] goá.
Ot/+ kg æ;ƙflblŪ»k]0 ;ƙf;dfwLÆlt plŹl;ŷf ljŴf/tá ljeų+. ljlgŞoá kg]Ŵ dƮśljeś] cflj
eljƧtLlt co+ ;'ųƃefhgLogoá.
clewƙefhgLo] kg _
ærųfl/ ;ŝflg b'ŋ+ b'ŋ;d'boá b'ŋlg/á±wëf b'ŋlg/áwufldgL klkbf. tŴ tŲf b'ŋ;d'boá.
cj;];f ;f;jwƙf»k]0 b'ŋ+. tŲfo kxfg+ b'ŋlg/á±wëf. cŪlśs]ĕ d±Ʈëf b'ŋlg/áwufldgL klkbfÆlt
‘lje0206’ _
jŷf cŪ dƮśflg ljŴf/tá lglŹl;ŷf æcj;];f wƙf b'ŋlg/áwufldlgof klkbfo ;ƕo'ųfÆlt ‘lje0206cfboá’ Pj+
k&djf/] rųfl/ ;ŝflg ljeųflg. tflg k'g ck/]lxlk ætŲf, cj;];f r lsn];f ;d'boá, tyf tŲf, cj;];f r
lsn];f, cj;];f r cs';nf ;d'boá, tyf tŲf, cj;];f r lsn];f, cj;];f r cs';nf, tLl) r s';nd"nflg, ;f;jflg
;d'boá, tyf tŲf, cj;];f r lsn];f, cj;];f r cs';nf, tLl) r s';nd"nflg, ;f;jflg, cj;];f r ;f;js';nwƙf
;d'boá. cj;];f ;f;jwƙf b'ŋ+, tƧ tƧ ;d'boƧ kxfg+ lg/á±wëf, cŪlśs]ĕ d±Ʈëf klkbfÆlt Od]lx jf/]lx
ljeųflg. tŴ æcl/o;ŝfgLÆlt cjŷf lgƍb];tá kŝo;řft+ ;d'bo+ bƧ]t'+ æ;ŝfgLÆlt j'ų+. cl/o;ŝ];' lx tŲfj
;d'boá, g Ot/]. g r s]þjn+ tŲfj b'ŋ+ ;d'bfg]lt, cj;];f s';nfs';nflk kŝo+ ;d'bfg]lƃo]jflt t]lk ;d'botá
bƧ]t'+ æ;ŝflgÆŷ]j j'ų+. ttá k/+ oƨf cŪlśs]ĕ d±Ʈëfj klkbflt. ;ƕo'ųf kg mþƧfboá ;Ƒ]lk wƙf klkbf Pj,
tƨf t+ go+ bƧ]t'+ ;Ƒ;śflxsjf/]lk ;Ƒflg ljeųflg PŴ lx cl/owgfg]j ;ślxtflg. ;];+ ;lb;d]jflt co+
clewƙefhgLogoá.
kŤfk'Şsgo] kg rt'Ɖ+ cl/o;ŝfg+ slt s';nf»k]0 slt c/)fĠ ;d'bo;ŝ+ cs';n+, lg/áw;ŝ+ cƓfst+,
b'ŋ;ŝ+ ltwflk. ;d'boá ;ljtŊþ;ljrf/á, lg/á±wëf cljtŊþcljrf/á, d±Ʈëf ltwflk, b'ŋ+ ltwflk, g jųƑ+ r. tLl)
;ŝflg clgbƧgcƍl#flg, b'ŋ+ ltwflk. ;d'boá x]t', lg/á±wëf g x]t', ;];f lƀwflk. ƀ] ;ŝflg nálsoflg, dƮlg/áwf
nás'ų/f. ;d'bo;ŝ+ ;/)+, ƀ] ;ŝflg c/)flg, b'ŋ+ b'ljwflk. co+ kŤfk'Şsgoá. Obflg kg]Ŵ _
sdtág"gflwstá, nŋ)fbLlx ;'ţtá.
93
`f)lsŝákdf `]Ɯá, kflńd'ųljlgŞoáĶ
tŴ sdtá tfj Owflk b];gfŊþdáj o'şlt. PŴ cáńfl/sųf, ;Ƒ;ų;fwf/)ųf r ;'ljţ]Ɯlƃ b'ŋ;ŝ+ k&d+
j'ų+, ttá tƧ]j x]t'bƧgŴ+ ;d'bo;ŝ+, ttá æx]t'lg/áwf ejlg/á±wëfÆlt `fkgŴ+ lg/áw;ŝ+, tblwud'kfobƧgŴ+ cƃ]
dƮ;ŝ+. ej;'vƧfbulwtfg+ ;+j]uhggŴ+ k&d+ b'ŋdfx, ttá æej+ g]j cx]t's+þ cfuŞlt, g OƧ/lgƙfgflbgf xált,
Otá kg xátLÆlt `fkgŴ+ ;d'bo;ŝ+, ttá ;x]t's]þg b'ŋ]g clee"tųf ;+ljƮdfg;fg+ tlƉƧ/)bƧg]g cƧf;hggŴ+
lg/áw+, ttá lg/áw;ƕfks+þ dƮlƃ cod]Ŵ sdá.
cg"gflwstá kg sƨf rųfl/ Pj ;ŝfgLlt r]Ġ ttá cţƧ c;Ƙjtá, cţt/Ƨ r cgkg]Ɯtá. clkr
kjlųdflrŋƃá eujf ;x]t's+þ cflrŋlt, lgjlųť ;pkfo+. Olt kjlųlgjlųtb'eox]t"g+ Ptk/dtá rųfl/ Pj j'ųfgLlt
cod]Ŵfg"gflwstá.
nŋ)fbLlx kg]Ŵ nŋ)tá afwgnŋ)+ b'ŋ;ŝ+, ;ƃfkg/;+, kjlųkŝ'kŪfg+. kejnŋ)+ ;d'bo;ŝ+,
cg'kŞ]bs/)/;+, klnaáwkŝ'kŪfg+. ;lƃnŋ)+ lg/áw;ŝ+, cŝ'lt/;+, clgldųkŝ'kŪfg+. lgƜfgnŋ)+ dƮ;ŝ+,
lsn];kxfgs/)/;+, j'Ūfgkŝ'kŪfg+. clkr kjlųkjųslgjlųlgjųsnŋ)flg klkflof, tyf
;řttŲfc;řtbƧgnŋ)flg rflt Odfg]Ŵ nŋ)flg.
;'ţtá kg]tflg oyfŊþd+ j]bssĕ/slgƑ'tudsĕefjtá ;'ţflg. j'ųť _
æb'ŋd]j lx, g s]ĕlr b'lŋtá, sĕ/s]ĕ g, lsl/ofj ljşlt.
clŴ lgƑ'lt, g lgƑ'tá k'df, dƮdlŴ, uds]ĕ g ljştLÆltĶ ‘lje0cŪ0189’.
cy jf _
w'j;'e;'vų;'ţ+, k'l/dƀodų;'ţddtkb+.
w'j;'e;'vcųlj/lxtá, d±Ʈëf Olt ;'ţtá t];'Ķ ‘lje0cŪ0189’.
lg/áw;'ţflg jf tLl). lg/á±wëf r ;];ųo;'ţá. mþn;'ţá jf x]Ŵ x]t' ;d'bod±Ʈë;' b'ŋlg/áwfg+ cefjf
ksltjfbLg+ kslt ljo. x]t';'ţť mþn+ b'ŋ;d'bofg+, lg/áwdƮfgť c;djfof, g x]t';dj]t+ x]t'mþn+.
x]t'mþn;djfojfbLg+ lƀc)'sĕbLlg ljoflt cod]Ŵ ;'ţtf.
`f)lsŝtált PŴ b'ljw+ ;ŝ`f)+ cg'aáw`f)+, klj]w`f)ť. tŴ cg'aáw`f)+ nálso+, t+ cg'Ƨjflbj;]g
lg/á±wë, d±Ʈë r kjųlt. klj]w`f)+ nás'ų/+, t+ ;ŝfjaáwklkŋlsn];] ±vëk]ƃ+ lg/áwdf/ƙ)+ sŷf lsŝtá rųfl/lk
;ŝflg klljŢlt. o+ kg]t+ nálso+, tŴ b'ŋ`f)+ kl/o'Ūfgfleejgj;]g kjųdfg+ ;ŊĕolbƸŪ lgjų]lt, ;d'bo`f)+
pŞ]blbƸŪ, lg/áw`f)+ ;ƧtlbƸŪ, dƮ`f)+ clsl/olbƸŪ. b'ŋ`f)+ jf t];' w'j;'e;'vųefj/lxt];' vƈ];'
w'j;'e;'vųefj;ţf;řft+ mþn] ljƍlkƸų, ;d'bo`f)+ æOƧ/kwfgsĕn;efjfbLlx nás]ĕ kjųtLÆlt csĕ/±)ë
sĕ/)fledfgƍjų+ x]t'lƛ ljƍlkƸų, lg/áw`f)+ c¿knásĕbL;' ckjƮƮfxe"t+ lg/á±wë ljƍlkƸų, dƮ`f)+
sĕd;'vlƟscųlsndyfg'oáuƍe]b] clj;'lźd±Ʈë lj;'lźdƮƮfxj;]g kjų+ pkfo] ljƍlkƸų lgjų]lt. Obd]Ŵ `f)lsŝ+.
pkdftá kg]Ŵ ef/á ljo lx b'ŋ;ŝ+ bŪƑ+, ef/fbfgldj ;d'bo;ŝ+, ef/lgŋ]kgldj lg/áw;ŝ+,
ef/lgŋ]kg'kfoá ljo dƮ;ŝ+. clkr /áutlƉbfgtb'k;de];ş]lx, cál/dtL/dxá#kfl/dtL/t+;ƕfks]ĕkfo]lx rflt
PjdfbLlx oyfŊþd+ oáh]ŷflk Ptflg pkdftá j]lbtƑflg. cod]Ŵ pkdf. Pj+ `]Ɯá kflńd'ųljlgŞoá.
;ŝljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
OlƇoljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
OlƇoljeśdfltsĕo kg cŴtá tfj _ ƀfjL;lt OlƇofgLlt PŴ OlƇoŪ;Ƙjtá OlƇoflg. s]ĕ kg]; OlƇoŪá
gfdfltĠ OƆlnśŪá, OƆb]l;tŪá, OƆlbŪŪá, OƆl;ŪŪá, OƆh'ŪŪá r, ;á ;Ƒálk Ow oyfoáu+ o'şlt. s';nfs';n+ sƙ+
OƆá gfd sƙ];' sƧlr OƧl/ofefjtá, t]g]j]Ŵ sƙ;ŧlgtflg tfj OlƇoflg cųgá hgssƙ+ plƟś]lƃ, t]g r l;ŪfgLlt
OƆlnśŪ]g, OƆl;ŪŪ]g r OlƇoflg. ;ƙf;Ɨ'źá kg k/ldƧl/oefjtá OƆá, ttá ;Ƒflgk]tflg OlƇoflg eujtf
oyfe"ttá ksĕl;tflg, cle;Ɨ'źflg rflt OƆb]l;tŪ]g, OƆlbŪŪ]g r OlƇoflg. t]g]j eujtf sĕlglr ±uëfr/f;]jgfo,
sĕlglr efjgf;]jgfo ;]ljtfgLlt OƆh'ŪŪ]glk OlƇoflg. clkr cflwkŝ;řft]g OƧl/oŪ]gflk Ptflg OlƇoflg.
rŋ'lƇolƃcfbL;' rŋĕbLg+ kbŴá x]Ūf ksĕl;tá. klŞd];' kg tL;' k'Ƒef±uë cgţft+ cdt+ kb+, rt';ŝwƙ+ jf
hĕlgƧfdLlt Pj+ klkƉƧ pƍşgtá OlƇoŪ;Ƙjtá r cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+. cfhĕggtá cţf Pj OlƇolƃ clţlƇo+.
cţftfljgá rt";' ;ŝ];' lglŪt`f)lsŝƧ vL)f;jƧ OlƇolƃ cţftfljlƇo+. tŴ r k;flblƇofgƃ/+
rŋ'ljţf)flbjLlylrųƍjlųo+ ¿kfbLg+ lgotefjƧ, cųgá ltŋdƆtfg'ljwfgƧ r cfkfbgtá cflwkŝ+ j]lbtƑ+.
dlglƇofbLg+ kg cųgá cųgá ljhĕggflbnŋ±)ë cflwkŝ+ j]lbtƑ+. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. co+ tfj]Ŵ kbŴá.
wƙe]btá kg]Ŵ hËljltlƇo+ ¿kf¿kj;]g lƀwf. ;'lvlƇofbLlg kť j]bgfefjtá Pswƙá, tyf klţlƇofbLlg
rųfl/ cdáxefjtá. ;];flg kg OlƇoflg Ps]þswƙf Pjflt Pj+ k/dŴtá ;áń; wƙfj ƀfjL;ltlƇoefj]g b]l;tflg.
;];flg kg]Ŵ r]tl;s¿klgƑfgflg c;ślxtfgLlt co+ wƙe]bá.
94
ljeśgotá kg]Ŵ ;'ųƃefhgLo+ gfd g ulxt+. sƨfĠ ;'ųƃ] Odfo klkflof ƀfjL;ltof OlƇofg+
cgfutųf. ;'ųƃƸƨ lx sŴlr ƀ] OlƇoflg slytflg, sŴlr tLl), sŴlr kť, Pj+ kg lg/ƃ/+ ƀfjL;lt cfutflg gfd
glŴ. clewƙefhgLo]lk lj;];á glŴ.
kŤfk'Şsgo] kg ƀfjL;ltof OlƇofg+ slt s';nf»k]0 slt c/)fltĠ cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+ s';n+,
bádglƧlƇo+ cs';n+, ;źf;ltkţfclţlƇoflg rųfl/ s';nfƓfstflg, dghËljt;ádgƧpk]ŋĕjLl/o;dflwlƇoflg %
ltwflk, ;];flg b; cƓfstflg. % OlƇoflg l;of ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųf, l;of cb'ŋd;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųflt, tLl)
ltwflk, hËljt+ ltwf r g jųƑť, ƀfbl;lƇoflg g jųƑflg Pj. tLl) ljkfsĕlg, ƀ] ljkfswƙwƙflg, ¿lklƇoflg
;ų g]jljkfsgljkfswƙwƙflg, clţlƇo+ l;of ljkfs+þ, l;of ljkfswƙwƙ+, gljlƇoflg ltwflk. gljlƇoflg
pkflbƉ'kfbflgoflg, bádglƧlƇo+ cg'kflbƉ'kfbflgo+, tLl) cg'kflbƉcg'kfbflgoflg, gj ltwflk. bádglƧlƇo+
;ljtŊþ;ljrf/+, pk]lŋlƇo+ tyf r cljtŊþcljrf/ť, gj cljtŊþcljrf/flg, Psĕb; ltwflk. ;ų ¿lklƇoflg r]j
;'vb'ŋbádglƧlƇoflg rflt b; kl/ųflg, klŞdflg tLl) cƍdf)flg, ;];flg gj ltwfj. tŴ r ;ádglƧlƇo+
¿kfjr/j;]g]j dxƮt+, tbj;];flg c¿kfjr/j;]gfkLlt j]lbtƑ+. klťlƇoflg clgbƧg;ƍl#flg, ;ų/;
clgbƧgcƍl#fg]j.
klţlƇofbLlg rųfl/ x]t", ;];f g x]t"»k]0 bádglƧlƇo+ ;/)+, dghËljt;ádgƧpk]ŋĕjLl/o;dflwlƇoflg
lƀwflk, ;];flg kƉ/; c/)fg]jflt co+ kŤfk'Şsgoá.
OlƇo];' kg]t];', kflńd'ųljlgŞoá.
sdtá bflg ljţ]Ɯá, tŴ s]ĕ;ƟldŞtfĶ
sdtált colƕ b];gfŊþdáj. tŴ cŢųwƙ] kl/ţfo cl/oe"ldklnfeá xátLlt cųefjkl/ofkƉflg
rŋ'lƇofbLlg k&d+ b]l;tflg. ;á dg'Ƨųefjá o+ wƙ+ pkfbfo æOŴLÆlt jf æk'l/;áÆlt jf ;ř+ uŞlt, æco+ ;áÆlt
lgbƧgŴ+ ttá OlŴlƇo+, k'l/l;lƇoť. ;á b'lj±wëflk hËljltlƇoklaźj'ųLlt `fkgŴ+ ttá hËljltlƇo+. ofj tƧ kjlų,
tfj Pt];+ j]blotfg+ clgjlų. oť lslť j]blot+, ;Ƒ+ t+ ;'v+ b'ŋlƃ `fkgŴ+ ttá ;'lvlƇofbLlg. tlƉ/áwŴ+ kg Pt]
wƙf efj]tƑflt klklųbƧgŴ+ ttá ;źfbLlg. æOdfo klklųof P; wƙá k&d+ cųlg kft'ejtLÆlt klklųof
cdá#efjbƧgŴ+ ttá cgţftţƧfdLltlƇo+. tƧ]j mþnųf, ttá cgƃ/+ efj]tƑųf r ttá clţlƇo+. Otá k/+ efjgfo
OdƧ clwudá, clwut] r kg OdƸƨ glŴ lslť pųl/ s/)Lolƃ `fkgŴ+ cƃ] k/dƧf;e"t+ cţftfljlƇo+ b]l;tlƃ Pj+
sdtá kflńd'ųljlgŞogoá ljţ]Ɯá.
OlƇoljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
kŝofsĕ/ljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
kŝofsĕ/ljeśdfltsĕo kg cŴtá tfj _ cljşĕkŝofltcfbL;' cljlƆo+ sĕob'ŝl/tfƸb ljƆlt klnelt,
ljlƆo+ jf sĕo;'rl/tfƸb g ljƆlt, wƙfg+ jf oyf;efj+ cljlbt+ s/ált, cƃlj/lxt] jf ;+;f/] ;ų] hjfk]lt,
cljşdfg];' jf hjlt, ljşdfg];' jf g hjtLlt cljşĕ. klŝ mþnd]lt Ptƨflt kŝoá, wƙfg+ pƍlųof, l&ltof r
pksĕ/s]ĕ wƙá. cljşĕ r ;f kŝoá rflt cljşĕkŝoá, tƨf cljşĕkŝof. ;řtdle;ř/áƃLlt ;řf/f.
Otá k/+ ;řf/kŝof ljţf)lƃcfbL;' j'ų+ j'ųgo]g]j j]lbtƑ+. cj'ų];' kg ljhĕgftLlt ljţf)+. gdtLlt
gfd+, ?ƍtLlt ¿k+, gfdť ¿kť gfd¿kť gfd¿klƃ Psb];;¿k]s;];go]g j]lbtƑ+. cfo] tgált, cfotť gotLlt
cfotg+, %Ūfotgť ;ńfotgť ;ńfotglƃ Ps;];go]g j]lbtƑ+. m'þ;tLlt mþƧá. j]botLlt j]bgf. kl/tƧtLlt
tŲf. pkflbotLlt pkfbfg+. ejlt, efjolt rflt ejá. hgg+ hĕlt. hË/)+ h/f. d/lƃ Pt]gflt d/)+.
;árg+ ;ás]ĕ. kl/b]jg+ kl/b]já. b'ŋolt, pƍfblŪltj;]g lƀwf v)tLltlk b'ŋ+. b'ƙgƧ efjá bádgƧ+. e';á
cfof;á pkfof;á. ;ƘjƃLlt lgƑųlƃ. g s]þjnť ;ásĕbLx]j, cy ±vëf cljşĕkŝof ;řf/f ;ƘjƃLltcflbgf ;Ƒkb]lxlk
;Ƙjlƃ-;ŹƧ oáhgf sĕtƑf. Pj+ lx kŝokŝo'ƍƉjjŴfg+ st+ xált.
Pjlƃ lglŹŪgolgbƧg+, t]g cljşĕbLx]j sĕ/±)ëlx, g OƧ/lgƙfgfbLxLlt bƧ]lt. PtƧflt oyfj'ųƧ.
s]þjnƧflt c;lƙƧƧ, ;snƧ jf, b'ŋŋƈƧflt b'ŋ;d"xƧ, g ;ųƧ, g ;'v;'efbLg+. ;d'boált lgƑlų, xátLlt
;Ƙjlt. co+ tfj]Ŵ kbŴá.
wƙe]btá kg]Ŵ cljşĕlt ;'ųƃkl/ofo]g b'ŋĕbL;' rt";', clewƙkl/ofo]g k'ƑƃfbLlx ;Ƹź cŪ;' jf &fg];'
cţf)+. ;řf/f kg k'ţfk'ţfg]ŧfle;řf/f toá, sĕojrLlrų;řf/f toá rflt %lƑwf. tŴ cŪ sĕdfjr/s';nr]tgf,
kť ¿kfjr/s';nr]tgf r]lt t]/; r]tgf k'ţfle;řf/á gfd. ƀfb; cs';nr]tgf ck'ţfle;řf/á gfd. rtƧá
c¿kfjr/s';nr]tgf cfg]ŧfle;řf/á gfd. Od];+ kg ltŰ+ ;řf/fg+ Pj ƀf/tá kjlųbƧgŴ+ co+ ;řf/flblųs]ĕ j'ųá.
cŪ sĕdfjr/s';nr]tgf r]j ƀfb;fs';nr]tgf r sĕoƀf/] kjlųo+ sĕo;řf/á, jrLƀf/] kjlųo+ jrL;řf/á,
Ptf r]j dgáƀf/] kjlųo+, dgáƀf/] Pj kjųgsĕ ¿kf¿ks';nr]tgf r lrų;řf/ált j'ŝlƃ. cleţfr]tgf, kg]Ŵ
pźŝr]tgf r k/tá kl;lƈljţf)kŝoefj] ckg]tƑflk cljşĕkŝof ;Ƙjtá Ow ux]tƑfjflt co+ lts]ĕ k'l/dlųsd]j
klj;tLlt cŴtá nálsos';nfs';nr]tgfj cljşĕkŝof ;řf/flt j]lbtƑ+. Obť ;'ųƃefhgLogo]g, clewƙefhgLogo]g
95
kg nálsonás'ų/] Ps]þslrųŋ±)ë ƀfb;śƧ klŝ;d'ƍfbƧ ux)tá ;Ƒflk r]tgf ;řf/flt j]lbtƑ+. Pj+
ljţf)gfd¿kfbL;'lk ;Ƒlrų;ƕo'ųj;]g r wƙe]bá j]lbtƑá. ;'ųƃefhgLogo]g]j kg bƧloƧfd.
;řf/kŝof ljţf)ť rŋ'ljţf)flb%lƑw+ afƸų;nálsoljkfsljţf)d]j xált, nás'ų/flg kg jũsyfo g
o'şƃLlt g ulxtflg. ljţf)kŝof gfd¿k+ kg ;Ƒnálsoljţf);ƕo'ųf toá c¿lkgá vƈf. ¿k+ ;Ƒflg
e"t'kfbfo¿kflg. ;ńfotg+ dgŞŪflg OlƇoflg. mþƧá rŋ';ƖþƧflbs]ĕ %ljkfsmþƧá, tyf j]bgflk. tŲf
¿ktŲflbe]btá %lƑ±wëf náeá. pkfbfg+ sĕd'kfbfgflbtá rt'lƑwf náelblŪoáj. ejá kg b'lj±wëf sƙejá,
pkklųejált. tŴ sƙejá t]e"dss';nfs';nr]tgf r t+;ƕo'ųf cleŢĕboá r. pkklųejá kg sƙflelgƑųf kťlk
vƈf. ;á ke]btá sĕd¿kf¿kejf toá, ;ţf c;ţf g]j;ţfgf;ţf ejf toá, Psrt'kťjásĕ/ejf toált gjlj±wëf
lglŹŪá. hĕltcfbLlg k'Ƒ] j'ųflg. t];' hĕltƮx±)ëg ljţf)gfd¿k;ńfotgmþƧj]bgfj ulxtf tbljgfefjtá. tyf
h/fd/)Ʈx±)ëgflk t];ţ]j kfse]bųf. ;ásĕboá kg h/fd/±)ëg ƀfb;d]g cś]g Ps;ř]k+ sŷf j'ųf, g lj;'+
cśefj]g. lsdŴlƃ r]Ġ ejrŊþƧ cljŞ]bbƧgŴ+. ;ásĕlbtá lx cljşĕ l;źf xált cljşĕljƍoáutá cljşĕ;d'ƍlųtá
r. h/fd/)ưfxtƧ lx afnƧ]j t] ;Ƙjlƃ, t]lx r cljşĕo l;źfo k'g cljşĕkŝof ;řf/flt Pj+ x]t'mþnk/ƕ/fo
ejrŊ+þ cljlŞƉ+, cgflbs+þ, ckl/oƃ+, ckl/oá;fgť xált.
olb Pj+, sƨf cljşĕ cflbtá j'ųfltĠ kwfgbƧgŴ+ kg cflbtá j'ųf. ltŰ+ lx jũfg+ cljşĕ kwfgá x]t' tƧf
efj] efjtá, lg/á±wëg r lg?Ţgtá. Pj+ cljşĕbLlx ƀfb;lx cś]lx ;'ųƃefhgLogo]g ;Ƒ] nálsowƙfj
kŝokŝo'ƍƉefj]g j'ųflt j]lbtƑf. clewƙkl/ofo]g kg nás'ų/fkLlt cod]Ŵ wƙe]bá.
ljeśgotá kg]Ŵ kŤfk'Şsgoá glŴ, ;'ųƃefhgLogoflk wƙe]b] j'ųgo]g]j ljŴf/tá ljeųflt j]lbtƑá.
clewƙefhgLo] kg _
æcljşĕkŝof ;řf/á, ;řf/kŝof ljţf)+, ljţf)kŝof gfd+, gfdkŝof %Ūfotg+,
%Ūfotgkŝof mþƧá, mþƧkŝof j]bgf, j]bgfkŝof tŲf, tŲfkŝof pkfbfg+, pkfbfgkŝof ejá, ejkŝof
hĕlt, hĕltkŝof h/fd/)+, Pjd]tƧ s]þjnƧ b'ŋŋƈƧ ;d'boá xált.
æcljşĕkŝof ;řf/á»k]0 ljţf)kŝof gfd+, gfdkŝof mþƧá»k]0 ;d'boá xált.
æcljşĕkŝof»k]0 ljţf)kŝof gfd¿k+, gfd¿kkŝof %Ūfotg+, %Ūfotgkŝof mþƧá»k]0
;d'boá xált.
æcljşĕkŝof »k]0 ljţf)kŝof gfd¿k+, gfd¿kkŝof ;ńfotg+, %Ūfotgkŝof mþƧá»k]0
;d'boá xátLÆlt ‘lje0243’ _
Pj+ kŝort'Ŋ+þ, k'g æcljşĕkŝof ;řf/á cljşĕx]t's]ĕÆltcflbgf ‘lje0244’ j'ųgo]g]j x]t'rt'Ŋ+þ, k'g æcljşĕkŝof
;řf/á cljşĕ;ƕo'ųáÆltcflbgf ‘lje0245’ ;ƕo'ųrt'Ŋ+þ, k'g æcljşĕkŝof ;řf/á, ;řf/kŝoflk cljşĕÆltcflbgf
‘lje0246’ cţdţkŝort'Ŋþlƃ Pj+ cljşĕd"nsĕlg rųfl/ rt'Ŋĕlg j'ųflg. Pj+ æ;řf/kŝof cljşĕÆltcflbgf
;řf/flbd"nsĕlbpkfbfgd"nskl/oá;fgflg cŪ;' kb];' rųfl/ rųfl/ rt'ŊĕgLlt afƸų; rt'Ŋĕlg dflts+þ sŷf lglŋlkŷf
k'g cs';ns';nljkfslsl/olrų];' nálsonás'ų/];' Ps]þsƸƨ lrų] oyflglŋų]lx %Ƹų;afƸų;dfltsĕrt'Ŋ]þlx ljŴf/tá
oyfg'¿k+ kŝofsĕ/á ljeųá. Obť oƨf g s]þjn+ co+ kŝofsĕ/á gfgflrų];' Pj xált, Pslrų]lk xálto]j. gflk
jũlrų] Pj xált, tŲfefjtá ljjũlrų]lk, tƨf t+ lgƍb];tá Pslrųŋl)s+þ kŝofsĕ/+ bƧ]t'+ j'ų+. t]g]j x]Ŵ
æcljşĕkŝof ;řf/fÆlt cjŷf æcljşĕkŝof ;řf/áÆlt Psjrg]g j'ų+ Pslrųŋ±)ë ax'r]tgfefjf. tŴ ob]t+
k&drt'Ŋ+þ, tŴ k&djf/á gfd¿kŪfg] gfd+, ;ńfotgŪfg] %Ūfotgť ux]ŷf ¿kf¿kflb;Ƒej;fwf/)j;]g,
Pslrųŋ)kl/ofkƉwƙƮx)j;]g r ¿k+ %ū]ŷf j'ųá ¿kƧ ;Ƒejf;fwf/)ųf, ax'lrųŋl)sųf r. b'ltoá gfd¿kŪfg]
gfd+, ægfdkŝof mþƧáÆlt ;ńfotgŪfg] mþƧd]j ux]ŷf mþƧƧ ;ńfotg+ ljgflk kŝolj;];;ƘjbƧgj;]g r]j
dxflgbfg;'ųgobƧgj;]g ‘bL0lg02=95cfboá’ r j'ųá. tltoá ;ńfotgŪfg] %Ūfotgd]j ux]ŷf uư;]Ɯsĕg+
ckl/k'Űfotgfg+, ¿keljsĕbLgť j;]g j'ųá. rt'Ŵá ægfdkŝof ;ńfotg+, ;ńfotgkŝof mþƧáÆlt Pj+
Ot/fotg]lxlk ;ńfotgƧ lj;];tá mþƧkŝot+j bƧ]ŷf cákkfltsĕg+, kl/k'Űfotgfg+ sĕdeljsĕgť j;]g j'ųá. Pj+
b'ltort'ŊĕbL;'lk.
;ƑŴflk r]Ŵ oƨf ;ásĕboá ;Ƒ] Pslrųŋ±)ë g ;Ƙjlƃ, ;Ƒlƨť lrų], ej] r gƍjųlƃ, tƨf g ulxtf.
hĕlth/fd/)flg kg]Ŵ c¿kwƙfg+ nŋ)dųflg, tflg r clrųŋ)dųflglk ;dfgflg lrųŋ±)ë cƃáuwųf kl/ofotá
kŝo'ƍƉ] sŷf cśkl/k"/)Ŵ+ ulxtflg. ejált r]Ŵ pkfbfgflbkŝolj/lxtf rųf/á c¿lkgá vƈf, tŲfkŝof
pkfbfglƃ PŴ sĕd'kfbfg+ jş]ŷf tLl) pkfbfgflg Pj ux]tƑflg lƀƉlƕ Psnŋ)fg+ wƙfg+ Psŋ±)ë c;Ƙjf
náed"nlj/lxt];' bá;dáxd"n];' r]j s';nfƓfst];' r lrų];' j]bgfkŝof kl#+ ljlrlsŞf pźŝlƃ Pj+ tŲf&fg] oyfoáu+
kl#fboá toá. t];' ljlrlsŞfjlşt];' r]j lblŪljƍo'ų];' r pkfbfgŪfg] clwdáŋ]ĕ ulxtá. ljlrlsŞfo kg ;Ƹź
clwdáŋƧflk c;Ƙjf ljlrlsŞfkŝof ejált r ulxtá. pkfbfgŪfg] r clwdáŋ]ĕ r ulxtá. nálsofgť]Ŵ s';nfƓfstfg+
pklgƧoj;]g cljşĕkŝotf j'ųf. nás'ų/fg+ kg oƨf cƍxLgfljşá cljşĕo kxfgŴ+, klƍƧƘgŴť nás'ų/+ efj]lt,
tƨf ;dltŊþdgj;]g cljşĕkŝotf j'ųf, g ;xhĕtj;]g. t]g]j t];+ lgŹ];jf/];' ætŴ stdf cljşĕÆlt cljelhŷf
ætŴ stdá cljşĕkŝof ;řf/áÆlt ‘lje0240’ ljeų+. lsl/owƙfg+ kg s]þglr kl/ofo]g cljşĕd"nsų+ gŴLlt
æ;řf/kŝof ljţf)Ælƃcflbgf ;řf/d"nsĕlbs]ĕ goá j'ųá, g cljşĕd"ns]ĕ. clkr nálsos';nfbL;' t];+ wƙfg+
b'ŋ;ŝkl/ofkƉųf æPjd]tƧ s]þjnƧ b'ŋŋƈƧ ;d'boá xátLÆlt ‘lje0225’ Pj+ cƍgf stf, nás'ų/s';nfbL;'
æPjd]t];+ wƙfgÆlƃ. co+ nálsotá nás'ų/fg+ b];gfo lj;];ált co+ clewƙefhgLo] goá.
96
Obflg kŝogof, sĕ/sĕbLlx ;'ţtá.
d"nź;lƈ;ř]kfsĕ/jũljefutáĶ
jf/±)ëfkdták]Ŵ, uƘL/goe]btá.
oyf/x+ ljhĕgLoá, kflńd'ųljlgŞoáĶ
tŴ kŝogoá ;fdţtá, lj;];tá rflt b'lj±wëf xált. tŴ tưfjefljdųtfksĕ;s]ĕ ;fdţtá kŝogoá.
lj;];tá kg kŪfg] cfut];' x]t'kŝoflbrt'jL;ltof kŝo];' oyfg'¿k+ kŝolj;];'ƍƉdųtfksĕ;s]ĕ. ;f r g];+ rt'jL;ltof
kŝofg+ ljefutf kŪfgdfltsŴ;+jŰgfo cflj eljƧlt. tŴ ;fdţtá ;řf/fboá cljşĕlbkŝoefj] Pj efljgált
j]lbtƑf. oƧ lx rt";' ;ŝ];', k'ƑƃfbL;' r cljşĕ cƍxLgf xált, ;á b'ŋ] tfj k'ƑƃfbL;' r cţf±)ëg tL;' ej];'
hĕlth/f/áud/)flbcg]sĕbLgjjálsŰ+ k'ţmþn;řft+ ;řf/ljkl/)fdb'ŋ+ b'ŋtá chĕgƃá ;'v;ţfo kŴ]ŷf tLlx ƀf/]lx
k'ţfg]ŧfle;řf/] cf/elt. ;d'bo] cţf±)ëg b'ŋx]t'e"t];l' k tŲfkl/ŋĕ/];' b'ŋx]t's+þ cfkflosĕlbb'ŋ+, b'ŋx]t'e"t];'
sĕd"k;]jgfbL;' r cfbLgj+ ckƧƃá ;'vx]t';ţfo r]j lsn];flee"ttfo r ltlj±wëlk ;řf/] cf/elt. lg/á±wë, kg d±Ʈë r
cţf±)ëg clg/áwe"t] ultlj;];] lg/áw;ţL, lg/áwƧ r jf cdƮe"t];'lk oţfd/tkfbL;'lk lg/áwdƮ;ţL x'ŷf ltlj±wëlk
;řf/] cf/elt. Obƍŝotfklŝ;d'ƍƉ];' wƙ];' cţf±)ëg æcx]t" cƍŝof ;ųf pƍşlƃ, g xálƃ k/+ d/)fÆlt jf
æcųfj hĕgflt jf g hĕgflt jf, ;áj ;řf/] ;ř/ált, ;áj kl;lƈo+ pƍşlt, tƧ c)'OƧ/fboá snnflbefj]g ;/L/+
;Ůfk]ƃf OlƇoflg ;ƕfb]lƃ, ;áj OlƇo;ƕƉá m'þ;lt, j]bolt, tlŲolt, pkfbfgfbLlg r s/átLÆlt jf æ;Ƒ] ;ųf
lgolt;śltejkl/)tfÆlt jf ljsƍ]lt. ;á Pj+ cljşĕo cƈLstá _
æoyflk gfd hŝƈá, g/á ckl/)fos]ĕ.
Psbf oflt d±Ʈëg, pƙ±Ʈëgflk PsbfĶ
æ;+;f/] ;+;/+ afná, tyf ckl/)fos]ĕ.
s/ált Psbf k'ţ+, ck'ţdlk PsbfÆltĶ ‘lje0cŪ0226;śf/kblgŹ];’ _
j'ųgo]g ltlj±wë ;řf/] cle;ř/átLlt. Ƹs kg]Ŵ Psĕj cljşĕ ;řf/fg+ kŝoá xált, gg' Psƨf sĕ/)f Ps+þj sĕl/o+
pƍşlt, cg]s+þ sĕl/o+ g pƍşlt, cg]sƨf jf Pslƃ, cg]sƨf sĕ/)f cg]s+þ sĕl/o+ pƍştLltĠ ;ŝ+,
kwfgųkfsųc;fwf/)ųbLkgŴ+ kg]Ŵ cg]s]þ;' sĕ/±)ë;'lk Psĕ cljşĕ Pj kŝoefj]g lglŹŪf æmþƧkŝof j]bgf
‘pbf03’, ;]ƛ;d'Ūfgf cfafwfÆltcfbL;' ‘c0lg0 10=60 dxflg05 r"ńlg0vƮlj;f);'ųlgŹ]; 128’ ljo. cljşĕ lx
kwfgá x]t', ;řf/fg+ kfsá, c;fwf/±)ëf r tŲflbx]t"glƕ x]t'ųf, g jŴf/ƙ)fbLlg vL)f;jƧ t];+ ;Ƙj]lk ;řf/fg+
cefjflt. Pj+ tfj]Ŵ jũ;řf/fg+ cljşĕo Pj efj] efjá j]lbtƑá. tyf ljţf)Ƨflk pklrtsƙfefj] cefjtá, ;ƑŴ
;Ƒ];ť ;Ƒljkfsljţf)'ƍlųƍ;śtá r ;řf/fg+ Pj efj] efjá j]lbtƑá. oyf r]Ŵ, Pj+ pkl/lk gfd¿kfbLg+
ljţf)flbefj] efjá oyfg'¿k+ cg'ejo'ųLlx `ftƑált co+ ;fdţtá kŝogoá.
lj;];tá kg cljşĕ k'ţfle;řf/fg+ tfj cf/ƙ)kŝo]g, pklgƧokŝo]g rflt lƀwf kŝoá xált. ;f lx
cljş+ cf/ư ;ƙ;gflbj;]g pƍlųo+ sĕdfjr/fg+, cleţflrų]g ;dáxlrųƧ hĕggsĕn] ¿kfjr/fgť k'ţfle;řf/fg+ tfj
cf/ƙ)kŝo]g kŝoá xált, cljşĕ;dltŊþdgŴfo kg cljşĕ;ƙ"ŃÜtfo sĕd¿kej;ƕlųoá kŴ]ŷfj sĕd¿kfjr/k'ţflg
s/áƃƧ pklgƧokŝo]g kŝoá xált. ck'ţfle;řf/fg+ kg];f cljş+ cf/ư /fufbLg+ pƍşgsĕn] cf/ƙ)flbkŝo]g
cljşĕ;ƙ"ŃÜtfo kf)fltkftfbLlg s/áƃƧ lgƧokŝo]g, b'ltohjgfbLg+ cgƃ¿klgƧof;]jgglŴljutkŝo]lx o+ lslť
cs';n+ s/áƃƧ x]t';xhĕtcţdţlgƧo;ƕo'ųclŴcljutkŝo]xLlt Pj+ cg]swf kŝoá xált, cfg]ŧfle;řf/fg+ kg Ps]þg
pklgƧokŝo]g]j kŝoá xált.
;řf/kŝof ljţf)kb] kg toálk ;řf/f ljţf)Ƨ oyf/x+ tL;' ej];' kl;lƈkjųL;' sƙkŝo]g r]j
pklgƧokŝo]g rflt lƀwf kŝof xálƃ. clewƙefhgLogo]g ;xhĕtƧ ljţf)Ƨ
;xhĕtcţdţlgƧo;ƕo'ųsƙlŴcljutflbkŝo]lx kŝof xálƃ.
ljţf)kŝof gfd¿kkb] kg ljţf)+ ljkfse"t+, cljkfse"tť gfdƧ s]þjnƧ jf ¿kldƧsƧ jf kl;lƈkjųL;'
;xhĕtcţdţlgƧo;ƕo'ųljkfscfxf/OlƇoclŴcljutkŝo]lx oyf/x+ gjwf, cŪwf jf kŝoá xált. kl;lƈo+
ljkfsljţf)+ jŴ'¿kƧ ;xhĕtcţdţlgƧoljkfscfxf/OlƇoljƍo'ųclŴ cljutkŝo]lx gjwf kŝoá xált. &k]ŷf kg
jŴ'¿k+ ;];¿kƧ t]x]j cţdţkŝo/lxt]lx cŪlx kŝoá xált. cle;řf/ljţf)+ kg Psjásĕ/kťjásĕ/ej];' sƙh¿kƧ
;'ųlƃskl/ofo]g pklgƧoj;]g kŝoá xált. kjlųo+ kg ;Ƒlƕ ljţf)+ tƧ tƧ gfd¿kƧ oyf/x+ kŝoá xált. tŴ
c¿kej] ljţf)+ gfdƧ]j, c;lţej] ¿kƧ]j, kťjásĕ/ej] gfd¿kƧ kŝoá xátLlt j]lbtƑ+. t]g]j gfdť ¿kť gfd¿kť
gfd¿klƃ lgƑrg+ stlƃ.
gfd¿kkŝof ;ńfotgkb] kg gfd+ ljkfse"t+, cljkfse"tť c¿kej] %ŪfotgƧ cjs+þ;tá
;xhĕtcţdţlgƧo;ƕo'ųljkfsclŴcljutj;]g oyf/x+ ;ųwf kŝoá xált. Ot/];+ kg]t+ kťƉ+ rŋĕotgfbLg+
kťjásĕ/ej] kl;lƈo+ rt'dxfe"t;xfo+ x'ŷf ;xhĕtlgƧoljkfsljƍo'ųclŴcljutj;]g %wf kŝoá xált. lslť kg]Ŵ
x]t'kŝo]g, lslť cfxf/kŝo]g rflt t];+ j;]g ;Ƒjf/];' pŊ+þ;fjs+þ;á j]lbtƑá. kjų] kg rŋĕbLg+ kťƉ+
ljkfsdljkfslƕ gfd+ kŞfhĕtljƍo'ųclŴcljutj;]g rt'wf kŝoá xátLlt. Pj+ tfj gfdd]j ;ńfotgƧ kŝoá xátLlt
j]lbtƑ+.
¿k+ kg jŴ'e"t+ kl;lƈo+ %ŪfotgƧ ;xhĕtcţdţlgƧoljƍo'ųclŴcljutj;]g %wf kŝoá xált.
rt'dxfe"t¿k+ rŋĕbLg+ kťƉ+ kl;lƈo+, kjų] r ;xhĕtlgƧoclŴcljutkŝo]lx rt'wf kŝoá xált. ¿khËljltlƇo+ kg
97
OlƇoclŴcljutj;]g ltljwf. tyf cfxf/á cfxf/lŴcljutj;]g. ;á r cfxf¿khËjLg+ kjų]o]j, gá kl;lƈo+.
tflg kg kť rŋĕotgfbLlg kťljţf);řftƧ %ŪƧ dgfotgƧ lgƧok'/]hĕtOlƇoljƍo'ųclŴcljutj;]g %wf kŝof
xálƃ kjų]o]j, gá kl;lƈo+. tyf kťljţf)lj/lxtdgfotgƧ jŴ'¿k+ lgƧok'/]hĕtljƍo'ųclŴcljutj;]g kťwf
kŝoá xátLlt. Pj+ ¿kd]j %ŪfotgƧ, ;ńfotgƧ r kŝoá xátLlt j]lbtƑ+. vƈųojŴ'¿k;řft+ kg gfd¿k+
%ŪfotgƧ kl;lƈo+ ;xhĕtcţdţlgƧo;ƕo'ųljƍo'ųljkfsclŴcljutflbj;]g oyf/x+ kŝoá xátLlt. Pj+ gfdť
¿kť gfd¿kť oyf/x+ %ŪfotgƧ, ;ńfotgƧ r kŝoá xátLlt j]lbtƑ+.
;ńfotgkŝof mþƧkb] kg %Ūfotg+ ljkfs+þ, cljkfsť ;ƑŴ ;ƕo'ųmþƧƧ ;xhĕtflbj;]g gjwf, cŪwf jf
kŝoá xált. rŋĕotgfbLlg kť oyfŊþd+ kjų] rŋ';ƖþƧfbLg+ kťƉ+ lgƧok'/]hĕtOlƇoljƍo'ųclŴcljutj;]g %wf,
¿kfotgfbLlg kť t];+ cf/ƙ)k'/]hĕtclŴcljutj;]g ltwf. dgá;ƖþƧƧ kg tflg, wƙf/ƙ)ť tyf r
cf/ƙ)flwkltdų]g rflt ax'wf kŝof xálƃ. Pj+ %Ūfotgť ;ńfotgť %lƑwƧflk mþƧƧ kŝoá xátLlt j]lbtƑ+.
mþƧkŝof j]bgfkb] ;Ƒálk mþƧá ;xhĕtfg+ j]bgfg+ ;xhĕtcţdţlgƧoljkfscfxf/;ƕo'ųclŴcljutj;]g
cŪwf, ;ųwf jf kŝoá xált, c;xhĕtfg+ pklgƧoj;]g]jflt.
j]bgfkŝof tŲfkb] ljkfsj]bgf cg';oklttfo tŲfo pklgƧoj;]g, ;xhĕtflbj;]g r kŝoá xált. oƨf
kg _
b'ŋË ;'v+ kŴolt, ;'vL leƜálk OŞlt.
pk]ŋĕ kg ;ƃųf, ;'vldŝ]j efl;tf.
tŲfo kŝof tƨf, xálƃ ltƧálk j]bgfltĶ ‘lj;'lź02=644’.
tŲfkŝof pkfbfgkb] tŲf c;xhĕtf rt'Ɖlƕ pkfbfgfg+ pklgƧoj;]g r]j cgƃ/flbj;]g r, ;xhĕtf kg
sĕd'kfbfgjlştfg+ ltŰ+ x]t';xhĕt cţdţlgƧo;ƕo'ųclŴcljutj;]g ;ųwf kŝoá xált.
pkfbfgkŝof ejkb] rt'lƑwlƕ pkfbfg+ c;xhĕtƧ ;ƑsƙejƧ r]j pkklųejƧ r pklgƧoj;]g]j kŝoá
xált, ;xhĕtƧ kg sƙejƧ x]t';xhĕtflbj;]g kŝoá xált.
ejkŝof hĕltkb] ejált sƙejáj clwƍ]tá, ;á r hĕltof sƙkŝopklgƧokŝoj;]g lƀwf kŝoá xált.
hĕltkŝof h/fd/)flbkb] hĕlt kg h/fd/)fg+, ;ásĕbLgť tưfjefjLefjdųtá ;'ųlƃsgo]g pklgƧos]ĕlofj
kŝoá xátLlt co+ tfj]Ŵ kŝogoá.
sĕ/sĕbLlx ;'ţtá kg]t] cljşĕboá ƀfb; wƙf oƨf Pj+ kŝokŝo'ƍƉefj]g cţdţ+ klaźf cţlg/k]ŋĕ x'ŷf
cljlŞƉf cgflbsĕ kjųlƃ, tƨf ttá cţ]g Ɣƪflbgf sĕ/s]þg, ksltc)'sĕnflbx]t'gf jf sĕ/sj]bs¿k]g k/kl/slƍt]g
cųgf jf /lxtf. g r]t] cųf, g cųlg, g cųjƃá, ;'ţf Pt] cų]g jf cųlgo]g jf w'jefj]g jf ;'eefj]g jf
;'vefj]g jflt co+ sĕ/sĕbLlx ;'ţtf.
d"nź;lƈ;ř]kfsĕ/jũljefutált PŴ d"ntá tfj cljşĕ, tŲf rflt ƀ] wƙf d"nlƃ j]lbtƑf. cźtá kg]Ŵ
cljşĕ, ;řf/flt ƀ] cśflg ctLtá cźf, ljţf)fbLlg ejfj;fgflg cŪ kŝ'ƍƉá cźf, hĕlt r]j h/fd/)ťflt ƀ]
cgfutá cźflt toá cźf j]lbtƑf. ;lƈtá kg ;řf/fg+, kl;lƈljţf)Ƨ r cƃ/f Ps]ĕ x]t'mþn;lƈ, j]bgfo r tŲfo
r cƃ/f Ps]ĕ mþnx]t';lƈ, ejƧ r hĕltof r cƃ/f Ps]ĕ x]t'mþn;lƈ rflt toá ;ƈL j]lbtƑf. ;ř]ktá kg ;ƈLg+
cflbkl/oá;fgjjlŴtf rųf/á ;ř]kf xálƃ. ;]Ɯlyb+ _ cljşĕ;řf/f Ps]ĕ ;ř]ká, ljţf)gfd¿k;ńfotgmþƧj]bgf b'ltoá,
tŲ'kfbfgejf tltoá, hĕlth/fd/)flg rt'Ŵált Pj+ rųf/á ;ř]kf j]lbtƑf.
cfsĕ/tá kg]Ŵ _
ctLt] x]t'oá kť, Obflg mþnkťs+þ.
Obflg x]t'oá kť, cfoƸt mþnkťslƃĶ _
Pj+ jL;lt cfsĕ/f xálƃ.
PŴ lx ;¿ktá j'ųf cljşĕ;řf/f, t];+ ux±)ëg tbljgfefjtá ulxtf tŲ'kfbfgejflt Od] kť wƙf ctLt]
x]t'oá gfd, ;¿ktá j'ųf ljţf)fboá kť wƙf Obflg mþnkťs+þ gfd, ;¿ktá kg j'ųf tŲ'kfbfgejf, t];+ ux±)ëg
tbljgfefjtá ulxtf cljşĕ;řf/flt Od] kť Obflg x]t'oá gfd. hĕltcflbckb];]g j'ųf ljţf)fboá kť wƙf cfoƸt
mþnkťs+þ gfdflt Pj+ jL;lt cfsĕ/f j]lbtƑf. jũtá kg]Ŵ ;řf/ejf sƙjũ+, cljşĕtŲ'kfbfgf lsn];jũ+, ;];flg
ljkfsjũlƃ tLl) jũflg xálƃ. ofj r t];' lsn];jũ+ cl/od±Ʈëg g pklŞşlt, tfj Ob+ ejrŊ+þ cg'klŞƉ+ kjųtLlt
cod]Ŵ d"nź;lƈ;ř]kfsĕ/jũljef±uëf.
jf/±)ëfkdtált PŴ jf/)tá tfj _ æcljşĕkŝof ;řf/fÆlt Obdx]t'slj;dx]t'sbƧglgjf/)+,
æ;řf/kŝof ljţf)Ælƃ pŞ]bcų;ŘlƃbƧglgjf/)+, æljţf)kŝof gfd¿kÆlƃ cųflt kl/slƍtjŴ'e]bbƧgtá
#g;ţflgjf/)+, ægfd¿kkŝof ;ńfotgÆlƃcflb cųf kƧlt»k]0 ljhĕgflt m'þ;lt, j]bolt, tlŲolt, pkflbolt,
ejlt, hĕolt, hËolt, dLotLlt PjdflbbƧglgjf/)lƃ Obd]Ŵ ldŞfbƧglgjf/)+.
pkdftá kg]Ŵ cƈá ljo cljşĕ, tƧ pkŋng+ ljo ;řf/f, ktg+ ljo ljţf)+, t]g uůkft'efjá ljo
gfd¿k+, tƧ uůe]bkLńsĕ ljo ;ńfotg+, tƧ ;Ŝũg+ ljo mþƧá, tşlgtb'ŋ+ ljo j]bgf, b'ŋƧ klsĕ/flenf;á ljo
tŲf, c;ƍfoƮx)+ ljo pkfbfg+, c;ƍfofn]kg+ ljo ejá, t]g uůljsĕ/kft'efjá ljo hĕlt, tlƑsĕ/e]bá ljo
h/fd/)+. oyf;efjbƧglgjf/)flbtá jf Pt] cljşĕboá clŋknflb pkdflxlk j]lbtƑflt cod]Ŵ pkdf.
uƘL/goe]btált PŴ uƘL/e]bá tfj Od];+ cljşĕbLg+ kŝ]s+þ wƙŴb];gfklj]wuƘL/tf j]lbtƑf. Od] lx
cljşĕboá wƙf o]gfsĕ/]g objŴf r ;řf/fbLg+ mþnfg+ kŝof xálƃ, ;á g];+ kŝoŪá b'/jaáwtá uƘL/ált cod]Ŵ
98
wƙuƘL/tf. wƙált x]t' æx]t'lƛ `f)+ wƙkl;lƘbfÆlt ‘lje0720’ jrgtá. h/fd/)fbLg+ mþnfg+ hĕltcfbLlx
kŝo]lx ;Ƙ"t;d'bfutŪá b'/jaáwtá uƘL/ált co+ cŴuƘL/tf. cŴált mþn+ æx]t'mþn] `f)+ cŴkl;lƘbfÆlt
‘lje0720’ jrgtá. t];+ kg x]t"g+, mþnfgť t]g t]gfsĕ/]g cljk/Lttá b];gflk ;Ƒţ'tţf)Ƨ]j ±uëfr/tá uƘL/flt
co+ b];gfuƘL/tf. oá kg];+ cljşĕ;řf/fbLg+ cbƧgfo"xgflb;efjá, ;á dƆkţ]lx b'ƍl/oáufxųf uƘL/ált co+
klj]wuƘL/tflt cod]Ŵ uƘL/e]bá.
goe]bá kg]Ŵ Psųgoá gfgųgoá cƓfkf/goá Pj+wƙtfgoált Od];+ rt'Ɖ+ cŴgofg+ j;]g j]lbtƑá. tŴ lx
æcljşĕkŝof ;řf/f, ;řf/kŝof ljţf)Ælƃ Pj+ aLhƧ cŘ'/flbefj]g ?ŋefjƍlų ljo ;ƃfgfg'kŞ]bá Psųgoá gfd.
o+ ;ƙf kƧƃá x]t'mþn;Ɨƈ]g ;ƃfgfg'kŞ]bfjaáwtá pŞ]blbƸŪ khxlt, ldŞf kƧƃá x]t'mþn;Ɨƈ]g kjųdfgƧ
;ƃfgfg'kŞ]bƧ PsųƮx)tá ;ƧtlbƸŪ pkflbolt.
cljşĕbLg+ kg oyf;s+þ nŋ)jjŴfg+ gfgųgoá gfd. o+ ;ƙf kƧƃá gjgjfg+ pƍfbbƧgtá ;ƧtlbƸŪ
khxlt, ldŞf kƧƃá Ps;ƃfgklttƧ leƉ;ƃfgƧ]j gfgųƮx)tá pŞ]blbƸŪ pkflbolt.
cljşĕo kg æ;řf/f dof pƍfb]tƑf, ;řf/fg+ jf ljţf)+ cƛ]xLÆlt PjdflbƓfkf/fefjá cƓfkf/goá gfd.
o+ ;ƙf kƧƃásĕ/sƧ cefjfjaáwtá cųlbƸŪ khxlt, ldŞf kƧƃá oá c;ltlk Ɠfkf/] cljşĕbLg+ ;efjlgodl;źá
x]t'efjá, tƧ cƮx)tá clsl/olbƸŪ pkflbolt.
cljşĕbLlx kg sĕ/±)ëlx ;řf/fbLg+o]j ;Ƙjá vL/fbLlx blwcfbLg+ ljo, g cţ];lƃ co+ Pj+wƙtfgoá gfd.
o+ ;ƙf kƧƃá kŝofg'¿ktá mþnfjaáwtá cx]t'slbƸŪ, clsl/olblŪť khxlt, ldŞf kƧƃá kŝofg'¿k+ mþnƍjƸų cƮx]ŷf
otá s'tálr oƧ sƧlr c;ƘjƮx)tá cx]t'slbƸŪ r]j lgotjfbť pkflbotLlt cod]Ŵ goe]bált Pj+ ljhĕgLoá
kflńd'ųljlgŞoá.
kŝofsĕ/ljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
;ltkŪfgljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
;ltkŪfgljeśdfltsĕo kg cŴtá tfj _ rųf/ált u)gkl/Ş]bá, t]g g ttá x]Ūf, g pźlƃ bLk]lt.
;ltkŪfgflt PŴ ƀ] ;ltkŪfgf ;lt±uëfr/álk ;ltlk. ært'Ɖ+, leŋj], ;ltkŪfgfg+ ;d'boť cŴśdť b];]ƧfdLÆltcfbL;'
‘;+0lg0 5=408’ lx ;lt±uëfr/á æ;ltkŪfgÆlƃ j'ŝlt, tƧŴá kltŪflt tlƨlƃ kŪfg+, sĕ kltŪfltĠ ;lt. ;ltof
kŪfg+ ;ltkŪfg+. kwfg+ &fglƃ jf kŪfg+, ;ltof kŪfg+ ;ltkŪfg+. ærųf/á ;ltkŪfgf efljtf ax'nLstf ;ų
aáŢś] kl/k"/]ƃLÆltcfbL;' ‘d0lg03=147’ kg ;lt. tƧŴá kltŪftLlt kŪfg+, pkŪflt cáŊþlƃŷf kŋlƆŷf kjųtLlt
cŴá. ;lto]j kŪfgŴ]g ;ltkŪfg+. cy jf ;/)Ū]g ;lt, ;f r pkŪfgŪ]g kŪfglƃ ;ltkŪfg+, Obldw clwƍ]t+.
olb Pj+, sƨf ;ltkŪfgflt ax'jrg+ st+Ġ ;ltof ax'ųf. cf/ƙ)e]b]g lx ax'sĕ tf ;ltoá.
Owflt OdƸƨ ;f;g], t]g cŢųflbj;]g ;Ƒƍsĕ/rt'rųfnL;ljw;ltkŪfglgƑųsƧ k'ƮnƧ lgƧoe"t+
;f;gd]j, gfţ+ ;f;glƃ bLk]lt. j'ų+ x]t+ æO±wëj, leŋj], ;d±)ëf»k]0 ;'ţf k/ƍjfbf ;d±)ëlx cţ]xLÆlt
‘bL0lg02=214 d0lg01=139 c0lg0 4=241’.
leŋ"lt ;+;f/] eo+ Oŋgs]ĕ. t]g lsťflk eujtá b]jnás]þ lg;Llbŷf ;ltkŪfg+ b];]ƃƧ ;lƃs]þ b]ju)+ d'lťŷf
Psleŋ'lk lgl;Ɖá gfd glŴ, tyflk b]já jf xát' dg'Ƨá jf uxŪá jf kƑlhtá jf, ;+;f/] eolƃ ;ƙf Oŋdfgá
oyfg'l;Ū+ klkşdfgáj leŋ' gfd xált, gfţált bƧ]lt. oyfx æcnŘtá r]kLÆlt ‘w0k0142’.
cŢųlƃ lgosŢų+. sĕo]lt PŴ cfolƃ ttált cfoá. s]þ cfolƃĠ s'lŞtf s]þ;fboá, Olt s'lŞtfg+ cfoált
sĕoá. cy jf cśkŝśfg+, s]þ;fbLgť ;d"xŪ]glk sĕoá, ¿ksĕoá, tƸƨ cųgá sĕo]lt cŴá. sĕofg'kƧLlt sĕo+
cg'kƧg;Lná. æsĕo]Ælt r jŷf k'g æsĕofg'kƧLÆlt b'ltosĕo-Ʈx)+ æPj+ g sĕo] cśkŝśljlgd'ųPswƙfg'kƧL, gflk
s]þ;nádflbljlgd'ųOlŴk'l/;fg'kƧL, g r e"t'kfbfoljlgd'ųPswƙfg'kƧL, cy ±vëf
/y;Ƙf/gu/fjojsblnŋƈljefufg'kƧs]ĕ ljo oyfŊþd+ cśkŝśs]þ;flbe"t'kfbfo;d"xfg'kƧL PjfÆlt bƧgŴ+ st+. tyf
x]Ŵ oyfj'ųwƙ;d"xljlgd'ųá OlŴk'l/;flbs]ĕ, cţá jf s]ĕlr wƙá g lbƧlt, oyfj'ųwƙ;d"xdų]o]j kg afnf tyf tyf
;'eflbtá r ldŞflelgj];+ s/álƃ, co+ kg oáuL tŴ sĕofg'kƧL Pj clgŝb'ŋcgųf;'efg'kƧL Pjflt j'ų+ xált. cy
jf ø−fo+ dxf;ltkŪfg] cƧf;kƧf;flbs]ĕ r'Ź;lj±wëf sĕoá j'ųá, tƧ ;ƑƧ OdƸƨo]j sĕo] cg'kƧgtá æsĕo] sĕofg'kƧLÆlt
Pjdflbgflk cŴá bŪƑá.
ljx/tLlt Ol/olt, rt";' Ol/ofk±yë;' Ps]þgfut+ ;/L/afwg+ cţ]g Ol/ofk±yëg ljlŞlƆŷf cktdfg+ cųefj+
x/lt, kjų]tLlt cŴá. alxźf sĕo]lt k/Ƨ sĕo]. cŢųalxźf sĕo]lt sĕn]g cųgá, sĕn]g k/Ƨ sĕo]. sĕn]g lx
cŢųalxźfsĕo];'lk PsƸƨ v±)ë sĕofg'kƧgf pƍşlt, ku')sƙŪfgƧ kg ck/fk/+ ;ť/)sĕná PŴ slytá. cftfkLlt
sĕokl/ƮfxsjLl/o]g jLl/ojf. ;á lx oƨf lsn];fg+ cftfkgtá cftfká j'ŝlt jLl/o+, ;á rƧ clŴ, tƨf cftfkLlt
j'ŝlt. ;ƕhĕgált sĕokl/Ʈfxs]þg ;ƕhţ]g ;dƉfutá. ;ltdflt sĕokl/Ʈflxsĕo ;ltof ;dƉfutá. co+ kg oƨf
;ltof cf/ƙ)+ kl/Ʈx]ŷf kţfo cg'kƧlt, jLl/o]g r cƃ/f já;fg+ gfkşlt, tƨf o];+ wƙfg+ cfg'efj]g t+ ;ltkŪfg+
;ƕşlt, t];+ bƧgŴ+ æcftfkL ;ƕhĕgá ;ltdfÆlt Ob+ j'ųlƃ j]lbtƑ+.
Olt sĕofg'kƧgf;ltkŪfg+, ;ƕoáuśť bƧ]ŷf Obflg kxfgś+ bƧ]t'+ æljg]Ɯ nás]þ cleŢĕbádgƧÆlƃ j'ų+.
99
tŴ ljg]Ɯflt tbśljgo]g jf ljŋƘgljgo]g jf ljgloŷf. nás]þlt ø−fo+ cŢųflbe]bá sĕoá j'ųá, Ʃ]j Ow
n'şgkn'şgŪ]g nás]ĕ gfd. ljeś] kg oƨf ¿ksĕo] kxLgcleŢĕboá j]bgfbL;'lk kxLolƃ Pj, tƨf kťlk pkfbfgŋƈf
ænás]ĕÆlt j'ų+. tƸƨ nás]þ cleŢĕbádgƧ;řft+ sĕdŞƆƓfkfb+ ljg]Ɯflt ;Ɨƈá. OdƧ r gLj/±)ë;' anjwƙƀoƧ
kxfgbƧg]g ;];gLj/)fglƕ kxfg+ j'ų+o]jflt j]lbtƑ+. lj;];]g r]Ŵ cleŢĕbádgƧljgo]g oyfŊþd+ sĕo;ƕlųljklųd"nfg+
cg'/áwlj/áwfg+, cųcle/lttb;'efsĕ/flbefjgfgle/tLg+, ce"tu')kŋ]ke"tbá;fkgogfgť kxfg+ j'ų+, t]g oáufjr/Ƨ
oáufg'efjlgƑųmþn+, oáu;dŴtf r bLlktf xált.
cŢų+ j]bgf;"ltcfbL;'lk cŢųfbLlg j'ųgo]g j]lbtƑflg. PŴ kg j]bgflt ltƧá j]bgf nálsof, tyf lrų+,
wƙf r, t];+ ljef±uëf ljeśgo] cflj eljƧlt. s]þjn+ kg]Ŵ oyf j]bgfboá cg'kƧƃá j]bgflbcg'kƧL gfd xált, ;á
goá bƧ]tƑá. ;]Ɯlyb+ _ j]bgf;' tfj ;'vf j]bgf b'ŋtá, b'ŋĕ ;Ɵtá, Ot/f r clgŝtá cg'klƧtƑf. oyfx _
æoá ;'v+ b'ŋtá cŹ, b'ŋdŹlŋ ;Ɵtá.
cb'ŋd;'v+ ;ƃ+, cŹlŋ g+ clgŝtáÆlt ‘;+0lg0 4=253 Oltj'053’Ķ
;Ƒf Pj Ptf b'ŋtá cg'klƧtƑf æo+ lslť j]blot+, t+ b'ŋlƨlƃ jbfdLÆlt ‘;+0lg0 4=259’ jrgtá. Pj+
cg'kƧƃá kg clgŝflb;ųfg'kƧgfj;]g jf cg'kƧƃálk æOd+ j]bg+ s]ĕ j]bolt, sƧfo+ j]bgf, Ƹs sĕ/)fo+ j]bgfÆlt
pkkl/lŋŷf æg s]ĕlr ;ųflbs]ĕ j]bolt, g s]þ;lť ;ųfbLg+ j]bgf, jŴf/ƙ)flbsĕ/)f kgfo+ j]bgf pƍştLÆlt
cg'kƧƃálk j]bgfg'kƧL gfd xált. cy jf ;'vfbLg+ pƍlųŋ±)ë b'ŋĕbLg+ c;Ƙjf clgŝf cź'jf ljkl/)fdwƙflt Pj+ jf
cg'kƧƃá j]bgfg'kƧL gfd xált. Oldgfj go]g kflńgofg';f/]g ;];lrųwƙfglƕ cg'kƧgfsĕ/á j]lbtƑá. lj;];tá
kg]Ŵ lrų];' clgŝtfj;]g, wƙ];' cgųtfj;]g r cg'kƧƃá lrųfg'kƧL, wƙfg'kƧL r gfd xátLlt j]lbtƑ+. ;];+
;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. co+ tfj]Ŵ kbŴá.
wƙe]bá kg]Ŵ glŴ, ;/)j;]g r Psĕj ;lt cf/ƙ)j;]g ærųf/á ;ltkŪfgfÆlt j'ųflt.
ljeśgotá kg]Ŵ ;'ųƃefhgLo] tfj cŢųalxźftb'eosĕo] s]þ;flbs]ĕŪf;efjgfj;]g k&d+ ;ltkŪfg+
ljŴfl/t+. tyf cŢųfbL;' kŝ]s+þ ;fld;lg/fld;j;]g b'ljwfg+ ;'vb'ŋcb'ŋd;'vj]bgfg+ j;]g b'lto+,
;/fujLt/fu;bá;jLtbá;;dáxjLtdáx;+lvųljlŋųdxƮtcdxƮt;pų/fg'ų/;dflxtf;dflxtljd'ųfljd'ųe]btá
;áń;lj±wëlx lrųkhĕggj;]g tlto+, kťgLj/)fg+, ;ųaáŢśfgť
;Ƙjf;ƘjpƍfbkxfgkxLgfg'ƍlųefjgfkfl/k"l/x]t'Ţĕgj;]g rt'Ŵ+ ;ltkŪfg+ ljŴfl/t+. co+ ;'ųƃefhgLogoá.
clewƙefhgLo] kg tfj ærųf/á ;ltkŪfgf. Ow leŋ' sĕo] sĕofg'kƧL ljx/lt j]bgf;'»k]0 wƙ];'
wƙfg'kƧL ljx/tLÆlt ‘lje0380’ Pj+ dflts+þ &k]ŷf wƙ;śl)o+ j'ųgoƧ ljŴf/];' cŪ;' nás'ų/lrų];'
;ƕo'ų;ltj;]g]j ljŴf/tá ljeųf.
kŤfk'Şsgo]lk rt'Ɖ+ ;ltkŪfgfg+ slt s';nf»k]0 slt c/)fĠ l;of s';nf, l;of cƓfstf»k]0
cg'kflbƉcg'kfbflgofj, c;+lslnŪc;+lsn]l;sĕj»k]0 clgbƧgcƍl#fj. g x]t" cx]t'sĕj»k]0 cg'ų/f c/)fjflt
nás'ų/j;]g]j ljeųf. ;ƙf;Ɨ'ź]g lx ;'ųƃefhgLolƨţ]j nálsonás'ų/ldƧsĕ ;ltkŪfgf slytf,
clewƙefhgLokŤfk'Şs]þ;' kg nás'ų/fo]j. t];' r nálsof gfgflrų];' Pj nưlƃ. cţ]g]j lx lrų]g sĕo+ kƮŲlƃ,
cţ]g j]bgfboált. nás'ų/f kg rųf/álk dƮŋ±)ë Pslrų]o]j nưlƃ. PslƨlŤ dƮlrųŋ±)ë cf/ƙ)tá lgƑfgf/ƙ)f
Psĕj ;lt sĕofbL;' ;'e;'vlgŝcųljkƟf;;d'Ş]bstfo rt'lsŝ;fwgŪ]g rųfl/lk gfdflg netLlt cod]Ŵ ljeśgoá.
sdtá ;ltkŪfg], cg"gflwstálk r.
kflńd'ųgoá `]Ɯá, tŴ s]ĕ;ƟldŞtfĶ
tŴ sdtá tfj colƕ b];gfŊþdáj, ;álk kfsfkfsj;]g j'ųá. Odf;' lx ¿ksƙŪfg+ kfslƃ k&d+
sĕofg'kƧgf j'ųf. ttá c¿ksƙŪfg+. tŴflk cf/ƙ)+ cg'ejƃL pƍşdfgf j]bgf kfsflt cgƃ/f j]bgfg'kƧgf,
ttá cf/ƙ)+ ljhĕgƃ+ ljţf)+ kfslƃ lrųfg'kƧgf, lrų] kfs] tlƉlƧtf ;'v'dflk wƙf kfsf xáƃLlt cƃ] wƙfg'kƧgf
j'ųf. co+ tfj]Ŵ sdá.
cg"gflwstált PŴ kg sƨf eujtf rųf/áj ;ltkŪfgf j'ųf, cg"gf cglwsĕltĠ
tŲfrl/tlblŪrl/t;dyoflgsljkƧgfoflgsĕg+ dƆltŋj;]g lƀwf kjųfg+ lj;'lźdƮj;]g. dƆƧ lx tŲfrl/tƧ
cáńfl/s+þ sĕofg'kƧgf;ltkŪfg+ lj;'lźd±Ʈëf, ltŋƧ ;'v'd+ j]bgfg'kƧgf;ltkŪfg+, lblŪrl/tƧflk dƆƧ gfltƍe]but+
lrųfg'kƧgf;ltkŪfg+, ltŋƧ cltƍe]but+ wƙfg'kƧgf;ltkŪfg+ lj;'lźd±Ʈëf. ;dyoflgsƧ r dƆƧ clsŞ]g
clwuƃƑlgldų+ k&d+ ;ltkŪfg+ lj;'lźd±Ʈëf, ltŋƧ b'lto+, ljkƧgfoflgsƧflk dƆƧ tlto+, ltŋƧ rt'Ŵ+ lj;'lźd±Ʈëflt
j]g]ƜŢĕ;otá rųf/á j'ųf. ;'e;'vlgŝcųefjljkƟf;ƍxfgŴ+ jf rt'/á#oáuf;juƅpkfbfgcultƍxfgŴlƕ
rt'lƑwfxf/kl/ţŴť rųf/áj j'ųf, cg"gf cglwsĕlt cod]Ŵ cg"gflwstf. Pj+ kflńd'ųgoá `]Ɯá.
;ltkŪfgljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
;ƙƍwfgljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
;ƙƍwfgljeśdfltsĕo kg cŴtá tfj _ ;ƙƍwfgflt sĕ/)ƍwfgf pkfoƍwfgf. oálg;á kbxgtá k/d+ wfg+
100
kwfg+, kwfgjLl/ofgLlt cŴá. Ow leŋ"lt OdƸƨ ;f;g] klkƉs]ĕ leŋ'. cg'ƍƉfglƃ clgƑųfg+. kfksĕglƃ
nfdsĕg+. cs';nfg+ wƙfglƃ cs]ĕ;Ɵ;Ƙ"tfg+ wƙfg+. cg'ƍfbfoflt g pƍfbgŴfo. %Ɔ+ hg]tLlt sų'sƚtf;řft+
s';nŞƆ+ hg]lt pƍfb]lt. jfodtLlt koáu+ k/Ŋþd+ s/ált. jLl/o+ cf/etLlt sĕlosr]tl;sjLl/o+ s/ált. lrų+
kƮŲftLlt t]g]j ;xhĕtjLl/o]g lrų+ plŋklt. kbxtLlt kwfgjLl/o+ s/ált. klkflof kg]tflg rųfl/lk kbflg
jLl/oƧ]j cf;]jgfefjgfax'nLsƙ;ftŝlsl/oflx oáh]tƑflg.
pƍƉfglƃ cg'ƍƉflt cjųƑt+ cfkƉfg+. kxfgfoflt khxgŴfo. cg'ƍƉfg+ s';nfg+ wƙfglƃ clgƑųfg+
s]ĕ;Ɵ;Ƙ"tfg+ wƙfg+. pƍfbfoflt pƍfbgŴfo. pƍƉfglƃ lgƑųfg+. l&ltoflt l&tŴfo. c;ƙá;foflt cgƧgŴ+.
leƜáefjfoflt k'gƍ'g+ ejgfo. j]k'Ɵfoflt ljk'nefjfo. efjgfoflt jlŬof. kfl/k"l/oflt kl/k"/)Ŵfo. ;];+
kbtá pųfgd]j.
cŴtá kg]Ŵ æcg'ƍƉfg+ kfksĕgÆlƃcfbL;' c;d'bfrf/j;]g jf cgg'e"tf/ƙ)j;]g jf lsn];fg+ cg'ƍlų
j]lbtƑf. cţyf lx cgdt±Ʈë ;+;f/] cg'ƍƉf cs';nwƙf gfd glŴ. s';nwƙ];' kg
/tgųoƍ;fbljkƧgflbljjũ"klgƧos';nflbj;]g cg'ƍƉflk clŴ. t];lƕ pƍƉk'Ƒų] ;lt ;Ƒ;ųfg+ Otá k'Ƒ] r
cf;jŋoƍ;śtá. Psƃƍjų;fwsĕ t];+. tŴ PsŝƧ jųuƅw'tś;dflwljkƧgfgjsƙ];' cţt/Ƹƨ lgŝƍo'ųƧ, #tá,
jfodtá r Ɣƪnásĕ cfutųf ejj;]g lsn];];' cnźf;]jgƧ ;ųƧ lsn];f g ;d'bfr/lƃ, ck/ef±uë kgƧ jųfbLlg
ljƧş]ŷf s';LtƧ r/tá r]j csƠf)ldųflbtá lsn];];' nźf;]jgƧ r coálg;ádgl;sĕ/+, ;ltjáƧƮť cfuƙ pƍşlƃ.
Pj+ tfj c;d'bfrf/j;]g lsn];fg+ cg'ƍlų j]lbtƑf.
PsŝƧ kg tƸƨ cųefj] cgg'e"tk'Ƒ+ lbƑflbe]b+ dgflko+ cf/ƙ)+ nleŷf tŴ coálg;ádgl;sĕ/;ltjáƧ±Ʈë
cfuƙ lsn];f pƍşlƃ, cnleŷf Pj+ cgg'e"tf/ƙ)j;]g lsn];fg+ cg'ƍlų j]lbtƑf.
æpƍƉfg+ kfksĕgÆlƃ PŴ kg rt'lƑw+ pƍƉ+ jųdfge"tfkutcásĕ;ste"ldnźj;]g, t];+ ljef±uëf pƍƉlųs]þ
j'ųáj. ck/lƕ rt'lƑw+ pƍƉ+ ;d'bfrf/cf/ƙ)flwƮlxtcljŋlƘtc;d'Ŕflttj;]g. tŴ ;ƕlt jųdfg+o]j ;d'bfrf?ƍƉ+
gfd. ;];+ kfsd]j. oƨf kg]Ŵ Od];' pƍƉ];' jųdfge"tfkutcásĕ;st;d'bfrf/;řft+ rt'lƑw+ pƍƉ+ g dƮflbjŢ+,
tƨf e"ldnźcf/ƙ)flwƮlxtc;d'Ŕfltt;řft+ rt'lƑw+ pƍƉ+ ;ƈfo]Ŵ æpƍƉfg+ kfksĕg+ kxfgfofÆlt j'ų.
+
sy+ kg dƮŋ±)ë cg'ƍƉfg+ s';nfg+ pƍfbfo jfofdá xált, syť pƍƉfg+ l&ltofltĠ dƮƍjlųof Pj. d±Ʈëf
lx kjųdfgá k'Ƒ] cg'ƍƉk'Ƒųf cg'ƍƉá gfd j'ŝlt. of rƧ kjlų, cod]j l&lt gfdflt co+ tfj]Ŵ kbŴá.
wƙe]bá kg]Ŵflk PsƧ]j jLl/oƧ lsŝe]btá rt'wf j'ųflt cod]Ŵ kflńd'ųljlgŞoá.
ljeśgotá kg ;'ųƃefhgLo] tfj rųf/á ;ƙƍwfgf nálsonás'ų/s';nlrų;ƕo'ųjLl/oj;]g cs';nflbkb]lx
;Ƹź ljŴf/tá ljeųf. clewƙefhgLokŤfk'Şs]þ;' kg]t] nás'ų/s';nlrų;ƕo'ųj;]g]j ljeųf, mþnlrų;ƕo'ųf kg g
ulxtf. t]g]j kŤfk'Şs]þ æs';nf Pj, ljkfswƙwƙf Pj, ckroufldgáj, ;]vfjfÆltcflbgf j'ųf. ;];á kg]Ŵ
ljlgŞoá ;ltkŪfg] j'ųgofg';f/]g j]lbtƑá.
;ƙƍwfgljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
OlźkfbljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
Olźkfbljeśdfltsĕo kg rųf/á Olźkfbflt PŴ OŢtLlt Olź, ;ldŢlt lgƎþştLlt cŴá, Olź Pj kfbá
Olźkfbá, Olźs]ĕŪf;ált cŴá. OŢlƃ jf Ptfo ;ųf Oźf j'źf pŊ+þ;utf xáƃLltlk Olź, kşlƃ Pt]gflt kfbá, kltŪf
clwud"kfoált cŴá, Olźof kfbá Olźkfbá. %Ɔ;dflwkwfg;řf/;dƉfutlƃ PŴ %Ɔx]t's]ĕ, %Ɔflws]ĕ jf ;dflw
%Ɔ;dflw, sų'sƚtf%Ɔ+ clwkƸt sl/ŷf klnź;dflwƧ]t+ clwjrg+. kwfge"tf ;řf/f kwfg;řf/f, rt'lsŝ;fwsƧ
;ƙƍwfgjLl/oƧ]t+ clwjrg+. ;dƉfutlƃ t]g %Ɔ;dflwgf, kwfg;řf/]g r pk]t+. Olźkfblƃ oyfj'ųŴ]g æOźLÆlt
;Ś+ utfg+ pkrf/Ţĕgflbs';nlrų;ƕo'ųfg+ %Ɔ;dflwkwfg;řf/fg+ clwŪfgŪ]g kfbe"t;];lrųr]tl;s/fƸ;. efj]tLlt
jŬ]lt, cųgá ;ƃfg] k'gƍ'g+ hg]tLlt cŴá. Oldgf go]g ;];];'lk cŴá j]lbtƑá. tŴ jLd+;flt kţf. ;];+ kbtá
;'ljţ]Ɯd]j.
cŴtá kg]Ŵ t]g Ƹs slyt+Ġ rt'Ɖ+ leŋ"g+ dŴsƍų+ sƙŪfg+ slyt+. oyf lx rt";' cdŝk'ų];' &fgƃ/+ kŴ]ŷf
ljr/ƃ];' Ps]ĕ pkŪfg]g, Ps]ĕ ;"/efj]g, Ps]ĕ hĕlt;ƕlųof, Ps]ĕ dƃan]gflt Pj+ t] kŝ]ssĕ/±)ëg /fhĕg+ cf/f±wëŷf
&fgƃ/+ kfk')lƃ, Pj+ leŋ"lk %ƆjLl/olrųjLd+;f;' Ps]þs+þ h]Ū+ w'/+ k'Ƒśd+ sŷf nás'ų/wƙlgƑųsĕ xálƃ. PŴ r %Ɔá
;dflw kwfg;řf/ált toá wƙf OźLlk xálƃ Olźkfbflk, ;];f kg ;ƕo'ųf rųf/á vƈf Olźkfbf Pj. Pj+
;];flwklto'ųlrų];'lk Olźkfbflt j]lbtƑf.
clkr ´fgljkƧgf;' k'Ƒef±uëf Olźkfbá. oá klnfeá, ;f Olź. k&dŢĕgfbLg+ lx k'Ƒefukl/sƙflg
Olźkfbá gfd, k&dŢĕgfboá Olź gfd. k&ddƮfbLg+ k'ƑefuljkƧgf Olźkfbá gfd, k&ddƮfboá Olź gfd.
klnfej;]gflk bLk]t'+ jũlt. k&dŢĕgfboá lx k&ddƮfboá r Olźkfbá gfd, b'ltoŢĕgfboá, b'ltodƮfboá r Olź
gfdflt co+ tfj]Ŵ kbŴá.
wƙe]bá kg]Ŵ ljeśgo]g]j kfsá eljƧlt. tŴ lx ;'ųƃefhgLo] tfj %ƆfbLg+ kbfg+ ljeś+ jŷf cƃ]
æOlźkfbált tyfe"tƧ j]bgfŋƈá»k]0 ljţf)ŋƈá. Olźkfb+ efj]tLlt t] wƙ] cf;]jlt efj]lt ax'nLs/ált, t]g j'ŝlt
101
Olźkfb+ efj]tLÆlt ‘lje0434’ Pj+ ;Ƒ] nálsonás'ų/wƙf Olźkfbált j'ųf.
clewƙefhgLo] kg %ƆfbLlg kbflg ljelhŷf cƃ] æOlźkfbált tyfe"tƧ mþƧá»k]0 kƮfxá cljŋ]káÆlt
‘lje0447’ Pj+ ;Ƒ] nás'ų/s';nwƙf Olźkfbflt jŷf k'g æ%lƆlźkfbá jLl/lolźkfbá lrlųlźkfbá jLd+l;lźkfbáÆlt
‘lje0457’ dflts+þ &k]ŷf ætŴ stdá %lƆlźkfbáĠ Ow leŋ' oƸƨ ;do] nás'ų/+ ´fg+ efj]lt»k]0 oá tƸƨ ;do] %Ɔá
%lƆstf»k]0 co+ j'ŝlt %lƆlźkfbáÆltcflbgf nás'ų/s';nlrų;ƕo'ų%ƆjLl/olrųjLd+;f Pj Olźkfbflt j'ųf. tyf
kŤfk'Şs]þlk s';nf Pj, clgbƧgcƍl#f Pj, jLd+l;lźkfbá x]t', ;];f g x]t"»k]0 lrlųlźkfbá g jųƑá, ;];f
lrų;ƕo'ųf»k]0 cg'ų/fj, c/)fjflt. ;];d]Ŵ ;ltkŪfg] j'ų;lb;d]j. kflńd'ųsgoá kg]Ŵflk g pźált.
OlźkfbljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
aáŢśljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
aáŢśljeśdfltsĕo kg cŴtá tfj _ ;ų aáŢśflt PŴ aálwof, aálwƧ jf cśflt aáŢśf. Ob+ j'ų+ xált
_ ofo Pj wƙ;fdlƮof dƮŋ±)ë pƍşdfgfo nLg'źŝflbcg]s]þ;+ pkŹjfg+ klkŋe"tfo ;ltwƙljroflb;ųljwfo
wƙ;fdlƮof cl/o;fjs]ĕ a'Ţlt, lsn];lgŹfo pŪxlt, ;ŝflg jf klljŢlt, tƧf wƙ;fdlƮ;řftfo aálwof cśflt
aáŢśf ´fgśdƮśflg ljo. oá kg]; oyfj'ųƍsĕ/fo Ptfo wƙ;fdlƮof a'ŢtLlt sŷf cl/o;fjs]ĕ æaáwLÆlt j'ŝlt,
tƧ aálwƧ cśflt aáŢśf ;]gś/yśfboá ljo. clkr æaáwfo ;+jųƃLlt aáŢśfÆltcflbgf kl;lƘbfgo]gflk aáŢśŴá
j]lbtƑá. k;Ŵá, ;'Ɔ/á jf aáŢśá ;ƗáŢśá, ;lto]j ;ƗáŢśá ;lt;ƗáŢśá. Pj+ ;];];'lk. tŴ wƙ] ljlrgflt
clgŝflbtá kl/jLd+;lt hĕgflt, wƙ] jf Pt]g ;ųf ljlrgƃLlt wƙljroá, kţf. pk]ŋlt ;d/;fg+ wƙfg+ xfkgjŬg]
cjfjtfo kl;řfgfsĕ/]g dŢųf xátLlt pk]ŋĕ, tŶdŢųtf. kl;řfgnŋ±)ëf lx pk]ŋĕ;ƗáŢśált. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j.
co+ tfj]Ŵ kbŴá. wƙe]bák]Ŵ ;'ljţ]Ɯáj.
ljeśgotá kg]Ŵ ;'ųƃefhgLo] tfj nálsonás'ų/j;]g ;];];' nás'ų/s';nljkfsj;]g ljeųf. kŤfk'Şs]þ
kg l;of s';nf, l;of cƓfstf, kLlt;ƗáŢśá ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųáj, ;];f ƀLlx»k]0 kLlt;ƗáŢśá ;'v;xutáj,
;];f ltwflk, clgbƧgcƍl#f, wƙljro;ƗáŢśá x]t', ;];f g x]t"»k]0 ¿kfjr/fj, c/)fjflt. ;];+ ;ltkŪfg]
j'ųgod]j. cod]Ŵ ljeśgoá.
Obflg kg _
sdtá tfjųtá r, x]t'e"ldljefutá.
ljj]stá r ljţ]Ɯá, kflńd'ųljlgŞoáĶ
tŴ sdtá tfj colƕ b];gfŊþdáj. ;Ƒ];+ lx aáŢśfg+ pksĕ/ųf ;lt;ƗáŢśá k&d+ j'ųá, ttá oƨf
pklŪt;lts]ĕ wƙ] kţfo kljlrgflt, kljlrtwƙá jLl/o+ cf/elt, cf/źjLl/oƧ kLlt pƍşlt, kLltdgƧ sĕoálk
lrųlƕ kƧƘlt, kƧźsĕoƧ ;'lvgá lrų+ ;dflwolt, ;dflxtlrųá t+ lrų+ ;fw's+þ cŢ'k]lŋtf xált, tƨf
wƙljro;ƗáŢśfboá oyfŊþd+ j'ųflt co+ tfj]Ŵ sdá.
tfjųtá kg sƨf t] ;ų]j j'ųf, cg"gf cglwsĕltĠ nLg'źŝklkŋtá, ;Ƒlųstá r. PŴ lx toá aáŢśf
nLgƧ klkŋĕ. oyfx _ æoƸƨ r ±vëf, leŋj], ;do] nLg+ lrų+ xált, sĕná tƸƨ ;do] wƙljro;ƗáŢśƧ efjgfo,
sĕná jLl/o»k]0 kLlt;ƗáŢśƧ efjgfofÆlt ‘;+0lg0 5=234’. toá pźŝƧ klkŋĕ. oyfx _ æoƸƨ r ±vëf, leŋj],
;do] pźt+ lrų+ xált, sĕná tƸƨ ;do] kƧlź;ƗáŢśƧ efjgfo, sĕná ;dflw»k]0 pk]ŋĕ;ƗáŢśƧ efjgfofÆlt
‘;+0lg0 5=234’. Ps]ĕ kg]Ŵ ná)w"kg+ ljo ;ƑƓŧg];' ;ƑaáŢś];' OlŞtƑá. oyfx _ æ;ltť őfx+, leŋj],
;ƑlŴs+þ jbfdLÆlt ‘;+0lg0 5=234’. Pj+ nLg'źŝklkŋtá r ;ƑlŴstá r ;ų]j j'ųflt co+ tfjųtá.
x]t'e"ldljefutált PŴ x]t'ljefutá tfj _ rųf/á ;lt;ƗáŢśƧ pƍfbfo ;+jųlƃ ;lt;ƕhţ+
d'ŪƧltk'Ʈnkl/jşgtf pklŪtƧltk'Ʈn;]jgtf tblwd'ųtflt. tyf ;ų wƙf b'ltoƧ kl/k'Şstf jŴ'lj;blsl/of
OlƇo;dųklkfbgf b'ƍţk'Ʈnkl/jşgf kţjƃk'Ʈn;]jgf uƘL/`f)rl/okŝj]ŋ)tf tblwd'ųtflt. tŴ
cŢlųsaflx/fg+ ;/L/kl/ŋĕ/e"tfg+ jŴ"g+ lj;befjs/)+ jŴ'lj;blsl/of gfd. tyf Psĕb; wƙf tltoƧ
ckfoeoudgjLlybfoşdxų;Ŵ'dxųhĕltdxų;Ɣƪrfl/dxųfg+ kŝj]ŋ)tf cflg;+;bƧfljtf lkůkftfkrfogtf
s';Ltk'Ʈnkl/jşgtf cf/źjLl/ok'Ʈn;]jgtf tblwd'ųtflt. tŴ æa'źfbLlx utd±Ʈëf dof uƃƑáÆlt kŝj]ŋ)f
jLlykŝj]ŋ)f gfd. æbfos]þlx lbƉlkůkftƧ dxƎþnt+ ;ƕfb]ƧfdLÆlt cųfg+ bdg+ lkůkftfkrfog+ gfd. tyf Psĕb;
wƙf rt'ŴƧ a'źwƙ;Ŝ;Lnrfub]jták;dfg'Ƨltoá ;ų, n"vk'Ʈnkl/jşgtf l;lgźk'Ʈn;]jgtf k;fbgLo;'ųƃkŝj]ŋ)tf
tblwd'ųtflt. tyf ;ų wƙf kťdƧ k)Lteáhg;]jgtf, pt';'vOl/ofky;'v;]jgtf ƀ] dŢųƍoáutf
;f/źsĕok'Ʈnkl/jşgtf ;ƃsĕok'Ʈn;]jgtf tblwd'ųtflt. Psĕb; wƙf %ŪƧ jŴ'lj;blsl/of OlƇo;dųklkfbgf
lgldųs';ntf ;do] lrųƧ kƮxlgƮx;ƕx+;gŢ'k]ŋgf rtƧá c;dflxt;dflxtk'Ʈnfg+ kl/jşg;]jgtf ƀ],
´fgljdáŋkŝj]ŋ)tf tblwd'ųtflt. tŴ sl;)flblgldųfg+ pƮx)s';ntf lgldųs';ntf gfd. kť wƙf ;ųdƧ
;ų;řf/s]þnfogdŢųk'Ʈnfg+ kl/jşg;]jgtf ƀ] ƀ], tblwd'ųtflt. cod]Ŵ ;ř]ká, ljŴf/á kg ;ƙáxljgáblgof
ljeśŪsyfo ux]tƑált cod]Ŵ x]t'ljef±uëf.
102
e"ldljefutá kg]t] sĕdfjr/f, nás'ų/f jf xálƃ, sĕdfjr/];' anjljkƧgfbL;' Pj aáŢśf nưlƃ, g
Ot/];'. nás'ų/];' kg ;ƑŴ nưlƃ, ¿kfjr/f¿kfjr/lrų];' ;Ƒyf g nưlƃ caálwklŋsųf. s]þlr kg ±yë/f
ljkƧgfkfbs]þ;' sl;)f;'eƔƪljxf/Ţĕg];'lk aáŢś] pź/lƃ, g r t] kll;źf cŪsyfrl/o]lx, tƨf t];+ dt]g
¿kfjr/flk xálƃ, g s]þglr kl/ofo]g c¿kfjr/flt cod]Ŵ e"ldljef±uëf.
ljj]stált PŴ ljj]s]ĕlt ljljųtf, Ʃfo+ kťlj±wëf tbśljŋƘg;d'Ş]bklkƧlźlgƧ/)ljj]sj;]g.
tbśljj]s]ĕlt ljkƧgf, ljŋƘgljj]s]ĕlt cŪ ;dfklųoá, ;d'Ş]bljj]s]ĕlt d±Ʈëf, klkƧlźljj]s]ĕlt mþn+, lgƧ/)ljj]s]ĕlt
;ƑlgldųlgƧ+ lgƑfg+. tlŶd] tbś;d'Ş]bklkƧlźlgƧ/)ljj]slglƧtf xálƃ. tyf x]t] ljkƧgfŋ±)ë lsŝtá
tbśljj]slglƧtf, cŢĕ;otá lgƧ/)ljj]slglƧtf. dƮsĕn] kg lsŝtá ;d'Ş]bljj]slglƧtf, cf/ƙ)tá
lgƧ/)ljj]slglƧtf, mþnŋ±)ë lsŝtá klkƧlźljj]slglƧtf. cf/ƙ)tá lgƧ/)ljj]slglƧtf r xálƃ. s]þ;lť ±yë/fg+
dt] ljkƧgfkfbs¿kfjr/Ţĕgŋ±)ë ljŋƘgljj]slglƧtfjflt kťljj]slglƧtflk xáƃLlt cod]Ŵ ljj]s]ĕ. Pj+ ljţ]Ɯá
kflńd'ųljlgŞoá.
aáŢśljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
dƮśljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
dƮśljeśdfltsĕo kg cŴtá tfj _ cl/oált t+t+dƮjŢlsn];]lx cf/sųf cl/oefjs/ųf r cl/oá, cŪ
cśflg cƧflt cŪlśs]ĕ, lgƑfglŴs]þlx dƮLolt, lgƑfg+ jf dƮlt, lsn];] jf df/]ƃá uŞtLlt d±Ʈëf. ;]Ɯlyblƃ ;á
stdált r], Obflg Ʃfo+ d±Ʈëf rt'/lśgL ljo ;]gf cśdųd]j xált, cśljlgd'ųá gŴLlt bƧ]ƃá æ;ƙflblŪ»k]0»
;ƙf;dfwLÆlt cfx. tŴ ;ƙf kƧtLlt ;ƙflblŪ, kţf. ;ƙf ;Řƍ]lt tŊ]þtLlt ;ƙf;Řƍá, ljtŊþá. ;];+
;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. ttá wƙe]bálk ljeśgoálk aáŢś];' j'ų;lb;á.
clewƙefhgLo] kg lj/ltųojlştá kťlśs]ĕlk d±Ʈëf ljeųá, tť kťƉ+ cśfg+ lsŝflwst+, lj/tLgť
cj'ųl;źt+ ;ƈfo, lj/ltjlştƧ kg nás'ų/dƮƧ cefjf ;álk cŪlśs]ĕjflt j]lbtƑá.
kŤfk'Şs]þlk ;ƙf;Řƍá ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųáj, ;];f ƀLlx. ;ƙf;Řƍá cljtŊþljrf/dųá, kLlt;xutá
;'v;xutáj, g pk]ŋĕ;xutá, ;];f ltwflk. ;ƙflblŪ x]t', ;];f gx]t"lt co+ lj;];á. ;];+ ;dd]j. Obflg kg _
sdtá lsŝe]btá, e"lde]bljj]stá.
dƮś];' ljhĕgLoá, kflńd'ųljlgŞoáĶ
tŴ sdtá tfj colƕ b];gfŊþdáj. eujtf lx lgƑfgflwudfo klkƉƧ kţfkşátkţf;Ŵtfo
cljşƈsĕ/ljwdgtá ax"ksĕ/ųf k&d+ ;ƙflblŪ b]l;tf. ttá x]/lţsƧ sxfk)kl/jųsxŴá ljo oyf;efjbƧgƧ
;ƙflblŪof ax"ksĕ/ųf ;ƙf;Řƍá. Ʃfo+ oyf ;ƙflblŪof, Pj+ ;ƙfjfrfolk pksĕ/s]ĕ. oyfx æk'Ƒ] ±vëf, uxklt,
tŊ]þŷf ljrf/]ŷf kŞf jfr+ leƆtLÆlt ‘d0lg01=463’, tƨf tbgƃ/+ ;ƙfjfrf. oƨf kg jfrfo ;+ljblxŷf nás]þ sƙƃ]
koáh]lƃ, tƨf tbgƃ/+ ;ƙfsƙƃá. sĕojrLb'ŝl/t+ kxfo peo;'rl/t+ k"/]ƃƧ]j oƨf cfhËjŪds+þ ;Ln+ k"/lt, g
Ot/Ƨ, tƨf tb'eofgƃ/+ ;ƙfcfhËjá j'ųá. Pj+ ælj;'źlblŪ;Ln]gflk Pųfjtf kl/tá;+ csŷf Ob+ jLl/o+ cf/letƑÆlƃ
bƧ]t'+ tbgƃ/+ ;ƙfjfofdá. cf/źjLl/o]gflk sĕofbL;' ;lt ;"klŪtf sĕtƑflt bƧgŴ+ tbgƃ/+ ;ƙf;lt. ;"klŪtfo
;ltof Psųf/ƙ±)ë lrų+ ;dfwft'+ ;Ŋĕlt tbgƃ/+ ;ƙf;dflw j'ųált co+ tfj]Ŵ sdá.
lsŝtá kg];+ Ps]þsƧ tLl) tLl) lsŝflg, ;]Ɯlyb+ _ ;ƙflblŪ tfj cţ]lxlk cųgá kŝgLslsn];]lx ;Ƹź
ldŞflbƸŪ khxlt, cf/ƙ)tá lg/áw;ŝ+ ;lŞs/ált, c;ƙáxtá ;];;ŝflg klljŢlt. Pj+ ;ƙf;ŘƍfbLg+
ldŞf;Řƍkhxgflbj;]g oyfg'¿klƃ lsŝtf j]lbtƑf. lj;];tá kg]Ŵ ;ƙf;Řƍá ;xhĕtwƙ] clelg/ák]lt, ;ƙfjfrf
kl/ƮŲflt ;ƙfsƙƃá ;d'Ūfk]lt, ;ƙfcfhËjá jábfk]lt, ;ƙfjfofdá kƮŲflt, ;ƙf;lt pkŪfk]lt, ;ƙf;dflw
;dfbxtLlt Obd]Ŵ lsŝ+.
e]btá kg k'Ƒef±uë ;ƙflblŪ æb'ŋ] `f)Ælƃcflbgf rt";' ;ŝ];' `f)j;]g gfgŋ)f gfgf/ƙ)f gfgfgfdf xált,
b'ltoá kg g]ŋƙcƓfkfbcljƸx;f;Řƍj;]g, lj/ltoá
rt'lƑwjrLb'ŝl/tltljwsĕob'ŝl/tldŞfhËjlj/d);řftr]tgfj;]glk lj/ltj;]glk, %Ū;ųdf
rt'lƑw;ƙƍwfg;ltkŪfgj;]g gfgŋ)f gfgf/ƙ)f gfgfgfdf xálƃ. dƮsĕn] kg]t] ;ƙflblŪcfboá Psŋ)f Psĕ/ƙ)f.
lsŝtá kg tflg k'Ƒef±uë gfgfgfdflg nelƃ, ;ƙf;dflw kg k'Ƒef±uëlk dƮŋ±)ëlk rt'ŊþkťsŢĕgj;]g gfgŋ±)ëf
gfgfgfdá, dƮŋ±)ë kg Psĕ/ƙ±)ëf xált. PsƧ lx k&dd±Ʈëf kfbsŢĕgflblgodtá k&dŢĕgflbs]ĕ jf b'ltoŢĕgfbL;'
cţt/Ţĕlgs]ĕ jf, b'ltodƮfboálkƧ k&ddƮ;lb;Ţĕlgsĕ jf lj;lb;Ţĕlgsĕ jflt ;á dƮsĕn]lk gfgŋ±)ëf gfgfgfdá jflt
cod]Ŵ e]bá.
e"ldtá r ljj]stá r ljlgŞoá aáŢś];' j'ųfg';f/]g j]lbtƑált Pj+ ljhĕgLoá kflńd'ųljlgŞoá.
dƮśljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
103
´fgljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
´fgljeśdfltsĕo kg cŴtá tfj _ kfltdáŋ;+j/;+j'táltcfbL;' kfltdáŋlƃ l;ŋĕkb;Ln+. t+ lx oá g+ kflt
/ŋlt, t+ dáŋ]lt dár]lt cfkflosĕbLlx b'ŋ]lx, tƨf ækfltdáŋÆlƃ j'ŝlt. ;+j/)+, ;+j/lƃ jf t]gflt ;+j/á,
kfltdáŋd]j ;+j/á kfltdáŋ;+j/á, sƙjfrfkl/oá;fg] OŢgsƧ cŴtá r]tgflb¿kƧ kfltdáŋ;+j/;LnƧ]j]t+ clwjrg+.
t]g ;+j'tá lklxtsĕojrLkoá±uëflt kfltdáŋ;+j/;+j'tá. ljx/tLlt Ol/olt kjų]lt. cfrf/±uëfr/;ƕƉált PŴ
cfrl/tƑtá cfrf/á, ufjá r/lƃ PŴflt ±uëfr/á, u'Ɖ+ r/)Ūfg+. t+;lb;tfo kg ;Ƒálk kjlųlj;oá ±uëfr/ált
j]lbtƑá. t];+ ljef±uëf lgŹ];] j'ųgo]g]j j]lbtƑá.
lgŹ];] lx _
æcfrf/±uëfr/;ƕƉált clŴ cfrf/á, clŴ cgfrf/á. tŴ stdá cgfrf/áĠ sĕlos]ĕ jLltŊþdá,
jfrl;s]ĕ jLltŊþdá, sĕlosjfrl;s]ĕ jLltŊþdá, co+ j'ŝlt cgfrf/á, ;Ƒlƕ b'ƧLƠ+ cgfrf/á, O±wësŝá j]ń'bfg]g
jf kų»k]0 k'Ǝþmþnl;gfgbƃsŪbfg]g jf rf'sƚtfo jf d'Ʈ;'Ətfo jf kfl/e'tfo jf hŜk];lgs]þg jf
cţt/ţt/]g jf a'źklts'Ū]g ldŞfcfhËj]g hËljs+þ sƍ]lt, co+ j'ŝlt cgfrf/á.
ætŴ stdá cfrf/áĠ sĕlos]ĕ cjLltŊþdáÆltcflbgf ‘lje0513’ _
j'ųljkl/ofo]g cfrf/á lglŹŪá.
æ±uëfr/ált clŴ ±uëfr/á, clŴ c±uëfr/á. tŴ stdá c±uëfr/áĠ O±wësŝá j]l;of±uëfr/á jf
xált, ljwjf»k]0 y'Ɵs'df/Lkůsleŋ'gLkfgfuf/±uëfr/á jf, ;+;Ūá ljx/lt /fh"lx /fhdxfdų]lx ltlŴo]lx
ltlŴo;fjs]þlx cgg'nálds]þg ;+;±Ʈëg, oflg jf kg tflg s'nflg cƧźflg cƍ;Ɖflg»k]0 tyf¿kflg s'nflg
;]jlt ehlt klo?kf;lt, co+ j'ŝlt c±uëfr/á.
ætŴ stdá ±uëfr/áĠ O±wësŝá g j]l;of±uëfr/á xátLÆltcflbgf ‘lje0514’ _
j'ųljkl/ofo]g ±uëfr/á lglŹŪá.
clkr]Ŵ ±yë/fg+ leŋ"g+ k'/tá udglg;LbgrŘdg#ũgfleejgflbsĕlosĕlrųLsĕ/lsl/ofgť]j ±yë/] leŋ" cgfk'Şf
wƙsygv'+;gflbjfrl;sĕlrųLsĕ/lsl/ofgť cgfrf/fg+ klkŋj;]g sĕlosjfrl;s]ĕ cfrf/á j]lbtƑá. clkr leŋ' ;uf/já
;ƍltƧá lx/áųƍ;ƕƉá ;'lgjŴá ;'kf?tá kf;flbs]þg cleŊþƃflbgf cálŋųrŋ' Ol/ofky;ƕƉá cfle;dfrfl/s]þ;' ;Ŋþŝsĕ/L
u?lrųLsĕ/ax'ná ljx/lt, co+ j'ŝlt cfrf/á. ±uëfr/á kg ltlj±wëf pklgƧo±uëfr/á cf/ŋ±uëfr/á pklgaƈ±uëfr/ált.
tŴ b;syfjŴ'u');dƉfutá sƠf)ldųá pklgƧo±uëfr/á gfd. cƃ/#/fbL;' cálŋųrŋ'tfbLlx lb;f ljlb;f cgánás]þŷf
udg+ cf/ŋ±uëfr/á gfd. rųf/á kg ;ltkŪfgf pklgaƈ±uëfr/á gfd. oŴ lrų+ pklgaƈlt, co+ ltlj±wëfk]Ŵ
±uëfr/ált j]lbtƑá. Oldgflt Oldgf cfrf/]g, ±uëfr/]g r ;dƉfutá cfrf/±uëfr/;ƕƉá gfd.
c)'dų];' jş];"lt c)'ƍdf±)ë;' bá;];'. eobƧfjLlt eobƧg;Lná, c)'dų+ /])'+ l;g]?;lb;+ kƧƃá ljo
;Ƒnx'slƕ b'Ŋþb'ưfl;tdų+ kf/flhs;lb;+ sŷf jştá eotá bƧg;Lnált cŴá. ;dfbfo l;ŋlt l;ŋĕkb];"lt o+ lslť
l;ŋĕkb];' l;lŋtƑ+, t+ ;'Ū' cfbfo ux]ŷf l;ŋlt.
OlƇo];' u'ųƀf/ált dgŞŪ];' OlƇo];' ¿kflbcf/ƙ)lgldųfbLg+ cƮx);řft;lt;+j/]g lklxtƀf/á. eáhg]
dųţ"lt lkůkft] klƮx)kl/eá±uë;' kŝj]ŋ)`f)j;]g r]j clƍŞtfbLlx r dųhĕggs]ĕ, lkůkftj;]g r]Ŵ rt'Ɖ+ kŝofg+
ux)+ j]lbtƑ+. cy jf e'lŧtƑtá eáhglƃ rt'Ɖ+ kŝofg+ ux)+ j]lbtƑ+. k'Ƒ/ųfk//ųlƃ PŴ cŬ/lų;řftfo /lųof
k'Ƒ] k'Ƒ/ų+, Oldgf k&dofdť]j kŞfeųť uŲflt. /lųof kŞf ck//ų+, Oldgf klŞdofdť]j k'/]eųť uŲflt.
klŞdofdá kgƧ leŋ'gá lgŹflsndyljgábgásĕ;ált g ulxtá.
hĕul/ofg'oáudg'o'ųált c;'eefjgf;řftƧ efjgf/fdƧ cg'oáu;řft+ cf;]jgefjg+ cg'o'ųá rŘdglg;şĕlx
oálg;ádgl;sĕ/]g cfj/)Lo]lx wƙ]lx lrųkl/;áwg] o'ųƍo'ųált cŴá. ;ftŝ+ g]kŊþlƃ ;tt+ kjųlotƑtá ;ftŝ;řft+
jLl/o+, kl/kfsutųf g]kŊþ;řftť kţ+ cg'o'ųált ;Ɨƈá. Oldgf jLl/okţflx o'ųƧ]j hĕul/ofg'oául;źLlt bƧ]lt.
Obflg t+ hĕul/ofg'oáu+ ;¿ktá bƧ]ƃá æaálwklŋsĕg+ wƙfgÆlƃcflbdfx. aálwklŋsĕg+ wƙfglƃ
rt';ŝfjaáw;řftƧ dƮ`f)Ƨ kŋ] ejfg+ rt';ŝ;ltkŪfgflb;ųƸt;wƙfg+. lgŹ];] kgƧ nálsoefjgfo
lj;];aálwklŋowƙ] Psĕ/ƙ±)ë kjųg;dŴtfo ;ų aáŢśf Pj lglŹŪf. t];+ ux±)ëg kg ;];fglƕ tŴ ux)+ j]lbtƑ+.
;á cleŊþƃ] klŊþƃ]ltcfbL;' cleŊþƃ+ j'ŝlt k'/tá udg+, klŊþƃ+ lgjųg+, tb'eoť &fglg;şĕ;og];'lk k'/tá, kŞtá
r sĕoƧ cleudgckudgj;]g nưlt. ;ƕhĕgsĕ/L xátLlt ;ƕhţ]g ;Ƒlsŝsĕ/L, ;ƕhţƧ]j jf sĕ/L, ;ƕhţ-Ʈx±)ëg
r]Ŵ cljƍoáutá ;ltlk ulxtfj xált. t]g]jƧ lgŹ];] æ;tá ;ƕhĕgá cleŊþdtLÆltcflb j'ų+.
cfnálst]ltcfbL;' cfnálst+ gfd k'/tá k]ŋg+. ljnálst+ gfd cg'lb;fk]ŋg+. Od];+ kg lƀƉ+ ux±)ëg x]Ūf
pkl/ kŞtá k]ŋg;řftflg cánálst'Ɵálstfknálstflglk ulxtfgLlt j]lbtƑflg.
;ldlŧt] k;fl/t]lt kƑfg+ ;ldŧg], k;f/±)ë r. ;ŜflkųrLj/wf/±)ëlt PŴ ;ŜflrLj/fg+
lgjf;gkf?kgj;]g, kųƧ leŋĕklƮx)flbj;]g r kl/eá±uëf wf/)+ gfd. cl;t]lt lkůkftflbeáhg]. kLt]lt
ofu'cflbkfg]. vflot]lt lkŪvşĕlbvfbg]. ;flot]lt dw'mþfl)tflb;flot]. pŝf/kƧfjsƙ]lt pŝf/Ƨ r kƧfjƧ r
s/±)ë. ut]lt udg]. l&t]lt &fg]. lgl;Ɖ]lt lg;şĕo. ;'ų]lt ;og]. hĕul/t]lt hĕu/±)ë. PŴ r
leŋĕrf/udgflbj;]g æcleŊþƃ]Ælt j'ų+. ljxf/] kg rŘdgflbOl/ofkyj;]g]j æut]Æltcflb j'ųlƃ j]lbtƑ+.
efl;t]lt syg]. t'ŲLefj]lt csyg].
104
;Ƒ];' kg t];' cleŊþƃfbL;' kŝ]s+þ ;fŴs;ƕhţ+ ;ƍfo;ƕhţ+ ±uëfr/;ƕhţ+ c;ƙáx;ƕhţlƃ rt'lƑw+ ;ƕhţ+
j]lbtƑ+. tŴ cleŊþldt'sĕdtflblrų] pƍƉ] lrųj;]g]j udgfƸb csŷf æƸs g' d] tŴ ut]g cŴáÆlt kl/ƮlŲŷf
r]ltobƧgflbgá tƧ tƧ cŴƧ kl/ƮŲg+ ;fŴs;ƕhţ+ gfd. ;fŴs]þ;' kg]t];' udgfbL;' hËljtƔƪrl/oƃ/fofgť]j
;Ɵ]vklklųlj#fts/fg+ sĕlosr]tl;skl/lŊþn];fgť ;Ƒ];fg+ ;ưfjfefj+ kl/Ʈx]ŷf ;ƍfokl/ƮŲg+ ;ƍfo;ƕhţ+ gfd.
Pj+ kl/Ʈlxt;fŴs;ƍfoƧ kg cŪƸt;fo sƙŪfg];', ljkƧgfo jf cųgá cle?lrt+ sƙŪfg;řft+ ±uëfr/+ cljƧş]ŷfj
cleŊþdfbLg+ s/)+ ±uëfr/;ƕhţ+ gfd. cleŊþdfbL;' kg cƈafnk'y'şgf æcųf cleŊþdfbLlg s/ált, cx+ s/ádLÆlt jf
;ƙ'ƞlƃ, tyf c;ƙ'lƞŷf æcleŊþldt'sĕdtflblrųlsl/ojfoáwft' ljƎþf/flbsĕ/);fdlƮof co+ sĕo;řftá clŪ;Ŝfá
cleŊþdfbLlg s/ált, ttá cţá cưƃ/] cųf jf ;ųá jf cleŊþdƃá jf klŊþdƃá jf»k]0 t'ŲL ejƃá jf gŴLÆlt
Pjdflbgf ofyfjtá hĕggj;]g kţfo kjųg+ c;ƙáx;ƕhţ+ gfd. cod]Ŵ ;ř]ká, ljŴf/á kg ;ƙáxljgáblgo+
‘lje0cŪ0508’ ux]tƑá.
Obflg oƨf oƧ cưƃ/] oyfj'ųf Pųsĕ u')f glŴ, tƧ c/ţjf;á kg dŊþfbLg+ ljo cg'Şljs]ĕ g xált,
pkrf/dųlƕƧ ´fg+ g pƍşlt. oƧ kg ;lƃ, tƧ c/ţjf;á cg'Şljs]ĕ xált. ;á lx tŴ ;Ƒƍsĕ/Ţĕg+ lgƑų]t'+
;Ŋþált, c/ţjf;ť]j cf/ţs]þ r pk;áe]lt, ;snť ;f;g+ k;fb]lt, tƨf Pj¿kƧ leŋ'gá pkf;gŪfgoáuky+
;ƍfo;]gf;g+ bƧ]ƃá æ;á ljljų+ ;]gf;g+ ehtLÆltcflbdfx. tŴ ljljųlƃ ;'ţ+. ;]lt r]j cf;lt r PŴflt ;]gf;g+,
dťflb, ljxf/flb r. t]g]jƧ lgŹ];] ædťá kL&Ælƃcflb j'ų+.
Obflg cţlƕƧ ke]b+ bƧ]t'+ æc/ţÆlƃcflb j'ų+. tŴ c/ţlƃ ljgokl/ofo]g tfj &k]ŷf ufdť ufd"krf/ť
cj;];+, ;'ųƃkl/ofo]g r cf/ţs+þ leŋ'+ ;ƈfo kťwg';lts+þ klŞd+ c/ţlƃ j'ų+, clewƙkl/ofo]g kg ufdƀf/Ƨ
OƆvLntá alx ;Ƒ+ æc/ţÆlƃ ux]tƑ+. ælgŋldŷf alx OƆvLnfÆlt ‘lje0529’ lx j'ų+. sƆ/lƃ s+þ j'ŝlt pbs+þ,
t]g bl/t+ pbs]þg leƉ+ kƑtkb];+, o+ ælgt'ƗÆlƃlk ægbLs'ŧÆlƃlk jblƃ. tŴ lx /htkũ;lb;jflnsĕk'lng]
dl)ljtfg;lb;] ;ƆŞfo] jguxg] lg;Llbŷf dl)ŋƈ;lb;] pbs]þ ;Ɔdfg] ;Lt]g jft]g aLlhodfgƧ ;d)wƙ+ s/átá lrų+
PsƮ+ xált. lul/u'xlƃ lƀƉ+ kƑtfgdƃ/+, Pslƨţ]j jf pdś;lb;+ dxfljj/+. jgkŴlƃ ufdƃ+ cltŊþldŷf dg'Ƨfg+
cg'krf/Ūfg+, oŴ g s;lƃ g jklƃ. t]g]jƧ lgŹ];] æjgkŴlƃ b"/fgd]t+ ;]gf;gfg+ clwjrgÆlƃcflb j'ų+.
cưásĕ;lƃ cŞƉ+. cfsřdfgá kg]Ŵ rLj/s'Ƹ sŷf j;lt. knfnk'ŧlƃ knfn/fƸ;. dxfknfnk'ŧtá lx
knfn+ lgŊþlŬŷf kưf/n]);lb;] cfno] s/álƃ, uŞu'ƗfbLglƕ pkl/ knfn+ klŋlkŷf x]Ūf lg;Lblƃ, t+ ;ƈfo]t+ j'ų+.
cƍ;ŹlƃcfbL;' jrg;Ź]g lj/lxtųf cƍ;Ź+. gu/lgŔá;;Ź]g r]j lduklŋlgŔá;]g r /lxtųf cƍlgŔá;+.
ljhgjftlƃ cg';ť/shgƧ ;/L/jft]g lj/lxtųf ljhgjft+, æljhgjfbÆlƃlk kf±&ëf. ;]gf;gƧ cƃá hgjfb;Ź]g
/lxtlƃ cŴá. dg'Ƨfg+ /xƧ lsl/of/xųf dg'Ƨ/fxƧ]Ɯs+þ, ttá ttá kllgjlųŷf ;ƙb]j sƙŪfg] lrųƧ nLogtá
kl;Ɵfg;řftƧ ljj]sƧ efjgf/fdƧ cg'¿kųf kl;Ɵfg;f?ƍ+. ehtLlt ;Ɨƈá. c/ţutáltcfbL;' c/ţ+, ?ŋd"nť
&k]ŷf cj;];+ ;Ƒlƕ ;]gf;g+ ;'ţfuf/]g ;ślxt+.
kƟŘ+ cfe'lhŷflt ;dƃtá ö?aźf;g+ alƈŷf. ph'+ sĕo+ kl)wfoflt pkl/dsĕo+ ph'+ &k]ŷf, cŪf/;
lklŪsŭs]þ s]ĕlof s]ĕƸ klkfb]ŷf. Pj+ lgl;ƉƧ lx rƙd+;gxf¿lg g k)dlƃ, cyƧ t];+ ck)dgkŝof v±)ë v±)ë
j]bgf g pƍşlƃ, ttá lrų+ PsƮ+ xált, sƙŪfg+ j'Ƹź pkuŞlt. kl/d'v+ ;Ƹt pkŪk]ŷflt sƙŪfgfled'v+ ;Ƹt
kŪk]ŷf, d'v;dLk] jf sŷf. t]g]jƧ lgŹ];] æco+ ;lt pklŪtf xált ;"klŪtf, gfl;s±Ʈë jf d'vlgldų] jfÆlt
‘lje0537’ j'ų+. d'vlgldųlƃ r]Ŵ pų/áŪƧ j]dŢkb];á, oŴ gfl;sĕjftá klxţlt. cy jf æk/Llt kl/ƮxŪá,
d'vlƃ lgƜfgŪá, ;tLlt pkŪfgŪá, t]g j'ŝlt kl/d'v+ ;ltÆlƃ ‘kl0d0 1=164’ j+ kl;lƘbfo+ j'ųgo]gk]Ŵ cŴá
bŪƑá. tŶfo+ ;ř]kŴá ækl/ƮlxtlgƜfg+ ;Ƹt sŷfÆlt.
cleŢ+ nás]þltcfbL;' cled'v+ ´folt lrƃ]tLlt cleŢĕ, /f±uëf. n'şgkn'şgŪ]g nás]ĕ, kť'kfbfgŋƈf. t];'
sĕdŞƆ+ ljŋƘ]ŷflt cŴá. ljŋƘgj;]g]j ljutfleŢ]g, g rŋ'ljţf)flb;lb;]gflt cŴá. r]t;flt lrų]g, OŴƘ"tá
ljx/tLlt cŴá. cleŢĕoflt cleŢĕtá. lrų+ kl/;á±wëtLlt oyf g+ ;f d'lťŷf g k'g uŲflt, Pj+ kl/dár]tLlt cŴá.
Ɠfkşlt Oldgf lrų+ k"lts'ƙf;fboá ljo ksƸt hxftLlt Ɠfkfbá. ljsĕ/ƍlųof kb'Ƨlt, k/+ jf kb";]lt ljgf;]tLlt
kbá;á, peoƕ]t+ s]ĕwƧ]jflwjrg+. oƨf r]t+ ;ƑsƙŪfg;fwf/)j;]g b];Lolt, tƨf æ;Ƒkf)e"tlxtfg'sƕLÆlt Pj+
d]ųfj;]g cjŷf æcƓfkƉlrųáÆlt Pųsd]j j'ų+.
lyg+ lrųƧ ±uënţ+, ldź+ r]tl;sĕg+. cfnás;ţLlt /lųolƕ lbjflk lbŪcfnás;ŧfgg;ţfo ;dƉfutá, tfo
kg cfnás;ţfo lygldźljgábgƧ lj;];tá ;lt;ƕhţ+ OlŞtƑlƃ cfx æ;tá ;ƕhĕgáÆlt.
cg'źtált cljlŋųá tyf Pj cŢų+ j"k;ƃlrųá. ltŰljlrlsŞált ljlrlsŞ+ cltŊþldŷf l&tá. csy+syL
s';n];' wƙ];"lt cgjşwƙ];' æsy+ Od], sy+ Od]Ælt Pj+ kjųgtá sy+syL;řftfo ljlrlsŞfo lj/lxtá. Pj+
kťgLj/)ƍxfg+ bƧ]ŷf Obflg oƨf cƍxLggLj/)Ƨ ´fg+ g pƍşlt, g lx sĕdŞƆfbLlx gfgflj;oljlŋųlrų+
Psųf/ƙ±)ë ;dflwolt, g sĕdwft';dltŊþdgfo jf klkşlt, tƨf æ;á Od] kť gLj/±)ë kxfofÆltcflb j'ų+. tŴ
;ált oá oyfj'ų;Lnflbu'±)ë kltŪfo c/ţflbcg'¿k;]gf;gutá cųgá rl/ofg's'nsƙŪfg] nLg'źŝ/lxtfo ;ftŝlsl/ofo
pƍflbt'krf/Ţĕg]g kxLgkťgLj/±)ëf k&dŢĕgflwudfo jfodlt, ;ált cŴá.
r]t;á pklŊþn];]lt lrųƧ cƍeƧ/efjs/±)ë. kţfo b'ƑnLs/±)ëlt oƨf Od] gLj/)f pƍşdfgf cg'ƍƉfo
nálsonás'ų/fo kţfo pƍlşt'+ g b]lƃ, pƍƉfo kg nálsocŪ;dfklųof, cleţfe"tfo jf d"n+ pklŞlƆŷf kft]lƃ, tƨf
ækţfo b'ƑnLs/)fÆlt j'ŝlƃ. ljljŝ]j sĕd]xLltcfbL;' sĕd]xLlt jŴ'sĕdlsn];sĕd]lx. ljljŝ]jflt ljljlŝŷf ljgf x'ŷf,
ckŊþldŷflt cŴá. lgodŴ]g kg]Ŵ Pj-sĕ/]g ´fgklkŋe"tfg+ sĕdfg+ kl/ŝf±uëg]j k&dŢĕgflwudá, cƈsĕ/kl/ŝf±uëg]j
105
bLkƍjlų ljoflt bƧ]lt. pų/kb]lk r]; Pj-sĕ/á cfg]ŷf æljljŝ]j cs';n]lx wƙ]xLÆlt ;ƗlƈtƑá. g lx ;Ŋĕ
sĕdtá cţ]lx gLj/);řft]lx cs';nwƙ]lx cljljŝflk ´fg+ pk;ƕş ljxl/t'+. kbƀo]lk kg æljljŝfÆlt Oldgf
sĕoljj]sĕbL;', tbśljj]sĕbL;' r tbślgƧ/)ljj]sjlştf ;Ƒ]lk ljj]sĕ Ow clwƍ]tf. jŴ'sĕdljj]sjrgtá lx sĕoljj]s]ĕ
j'ųá, lsn];sĕd]lx kg ;];fs';n]lx r ljj]sjrgtá lrųpklwljj]sĕ, ljŋƘgflbljj]sĕ r j'ųf. nás'ų/Ţĕglƕ ;ślxtųf
bŪƑ+. Pjd]t]g kbƀo]g oyfŊþd+ sĕdŞƆgLj/);];gLj/)ljŋƘgflbs]ĕ j'ųá. Pj+ cá#fbL;'lk oyf/x+ oáh]tƑ+.
Pųfjtf r k&dƧ ´fgƧ kxfgś+ bƧ]ŷf Obflg ;ƕoáuś+ bƧ]t'+ æ;ljtŊ+þ ;ljrf/Ælƃcflb j'ų+ tŴ
ljtŊ]þg r ljrf/]g r ;x jųlt ?ŋ]ĕ ljo k'Ǝ]þg, mþn]g rflt Ob+ ´fg+ æ;ljtŊ+þ ;ljrf/Ælƃ j'ŝlt. ljj]shlƃ PŴ
ljljlų ljj]s]ĕ, gLj/)ljudált cŴá. ljljųált jf ljj]s]ĕ, gLj/)ljljųá ´fg;ƕo'ųwƙ/f;Llt cŴá, tƨf ljj]stá,
tƸƨ jf ljj]s]þ hĕtlƃ ljj]sh+. kLlt;'vlƃ PŴ kLtLlt cƍgfƍųf mþ/)fkLlt, ;'vť t+;ƕo'ų+, Olt coť kLlt Obť
;'v+ cƧ ´fgƧ, cƸƨ jf cŴLlt Ob+ ´fg+ ækLlt;'vÆlƃ j'ŝlt. cy jf kLlt r ;'vť kLlt;'v+, ljj]sh+ kLlt;'v+ cƧ,
cƸƨ jflt ljj]sh+ kLlt;'v+, Pj+ Pskbj;]g æljj]shkLlt;'vÆlƃ jųƑ] lgƮxLtfud+ sŷf æljj]sh+ kLlt;'vÆlƃlk jų'+
o'şlt. o±yëj lx ´fg+, Pj+ kLlt;'vlƕ ljj]shd]j xátLlt. k&d+ ´fglƃ u)gfg'k'Ƒtá k&d+, k&d+ pƍlųtálk
k&d+. cf/ƙ)"klgŢĕgtá, kŝgLs´fkgtá jf ´fg+, Oldgf go]g pkl/ æb'lto+ ´fgÆlƃcfbL;' cŴá j]lbtƑá.
pk;ƕş ljx/tLlt Pj+ kťśljƍxLg+ kťś;dƉfut+ ltljwsƠf)+ b;nŋ);ƕƉ+ k&d+ ´fg+ clwuƄf tbg'¿k]g
Ol/ofkyljxf/]g kjųtLlt cŴá. PŴ r lrų]sƮtf lsťflk æ;ljtŊþ;ljrf/Ælƃ OdƸƨ kf±&ë g lglŹŪf, tyflk
ljeś] æ´fglƃ ljtŊþá ljrf/á kLlt ;'v+ lrųƧ]sƮtfÆlt ‘lje0569’ j'ųųf cśd]j.
Pj+ k&dŢĕgflwud+ bƧ]ŷf Obflg tbgƃ/+ clwutk&dŢĕgƧ t+ cfjşg;dfkşgj'ŪfgflwŪfgkŝj]ŋ);řftflx
kťlx j;Llx j;Le"t+ sŷf ttá j'Ūfo tŴ cf;ƉgLj/)kŝlŴstfo r]j cáńfl/sljtŊþljrf/ŋ]ĕe;dlśtfo r bá;+ lbƩf
lgsƸƃ kl/ofbfo ljtŊĕlbe]báńfl/sśƍxfgfo, kLltcflb;ƃśklnfefo r tb]j sƙŪfg+ k'gƍ'g+ dgl;s/átá b'lto+
´fg+ pƍşlt, tƍfbsť nás'ų/Ţĕg+ k'ƮnflwŪfg]g bƧ]t'+ æljtŊþljrf/fg+ j"k;dfÆltcflbdfx. tŴ j"k;dflt
;dltŊþdf, b'ltoŢĕgŋ±)ë ckft'efjflt j'ų+ xált. cŢųlƃ cųlg hĕt+, cų;ƃfg] lgƑųlƃ cŴá. ;ƕ;fbglƃ
;źf;řft;ƕ;fbgoáutá ´fglƕ ;ƕ;fbg+ gLnjŰoáutá gLnjŴ+ ljo. Ps]ĕlbefjlƃ PŴ ljtŊþljrf/]lx cgŢĕ?ŃÜųf
Ps]ĕ c±Ʈëf ;]Ūá pb]tLlt Ps]ĕlb, ;dflw. t+ efj]lt jŬ]tLlt b'ltoŢĕg+ Ps]ĕlbefj+. ;á kgfo+ Ps]ĕlb oƨf r]t;á, g
;ųƧ, g hËjƧ, tƨf Pt+ ær]t;á Ps]ĕlbefjÆlƃ j'ų+.
gg' rfo+ ;źf k&dŢĕg]lk clŴ, coť Ps]ĕlbgfds]ĕ ;dflw, cy sƨf Obd]j Pj+ j'ųlƃĠ j'ŝt] _ OdlƨlŤ
´fg] ljtŊþljrf/ŋ]ĕefefj]g anjtL ;źf, ;dflw r, tƨf Obd]j Pj+ j'ųlƃ. cljtŊ+þ cljrf/lƃ efjgfo kxLgųf
glŴ PtƸƨ, PtƧ jf ljtŊþá ljrf/á, g tltoŢĕgflb ljo, rŋ'ljţf)flb ljo r cefjƍlųtá, tƨf OdƧ
æljtŊþljrf/fg+ j"k;dfÆlt Ob+ sĕ/)jrglƃ bŪƑ+. ;dflwhlƃ k&dŢĕg;dflwtá, ;ƕo'ų;dflwtá jf hĕt+,
ljtŊĕlbŋ]ĕefefj]g r]tƧ jŰe)gŴ+ Obd]j æ;dflwhÆlƃ j'ų+. pk;ƕş ljx/tLlt Pj+ b'jśljƍxLg+ ltjś;dƉfut+
ltljwsƠf)flbo'ų+ b'lto+ ´fg+ clwuƄf j'ųgo]g jųtLlt cŴá.
Pj+ b'ltoŢĕgflwud+ bƧ]ŷf Obflg tbgƃ/+ clwutb'ltoŢĕgƧ t+ j'ųgo]g]j j;Le"t+ sŷf tŴ
cf;ƉljtŊþljrf/kŝlŴstfo r]j cáńfl/skLtś;dlśtfo r bá;+ lbƩf lgsƸƃ kl/ofbfo tbáńfl/sśƍxfgfo
;];;ƃśklnfefo tb]jf/ƙ)+ k'gƍ'g+ dgl;s/átá tlto+ ´fg+ pƍşlt, tƍfbsť nás'ų/+, t+ bƧ]t'+ ækLltof r
lj/fufÆltcflbdfx. tŴ lj/şg+ lj/f±uëf, ;dltŊþdá, tƨf lj/fuf. r-sĕ/]g ljtŊþljrf/fg+ j"k;d+ ;lƕů]lt
ækLltof r lj/fuf, ljtŊþljrf/fgť j"k;dfÆlt. Obť]tƧ cfudgdƮkl/bLkgŴ+, jŰe)gŴť j'ų+. pk]ŋs]ĕ
ljx/tLlt PŴ pkklųtá Oŋlt ckŋklttf x'ŷf kƧtLlt pk]ŋĕ, tŶdŢųtf. tfo lj;bfo kLltlj/fukbŪfgfo
yfdutfo ;dƉfutųf tltoŢĕg;dśL æpk]ŋs]ĕÆlt j'ŝlt, ljtŊĕlbŋ]ĕefefj]g kg];f PŴ]j kl/Ɠųlsŝf hĕtf, g
k&dŢĕgfbL;"lt. ;tá r ;ƕhĕgált k'ƮnflwŪfg]g ;lt r ;ƕhţť j'ų+, Obť ;lt;ƕhţan]g]j l&t+ t+kLlt;xrl/t+
;'v+, ttá ckgLt+ jŞá ljo aƈgan]g ±wëg'+ kLƸt g pkuŞlt, Odlƨť ;lt cltdw'/] ;'±vë oálugá g ;f/şlƃ, gá
cţyflt Odlƕ cŴlj;];+ bƧ]t'+ O±wëj j'ųlƃ j]lbtƑ+. ;'vť sĕo]g kl;+j]b]tLlt PŴ lsťflk tltoŢĕg;dlśgá
;'vkl;+j]bgfeá±uëf glŴ, Pj+ ;ƃ]lk oƨf tƧ gfdsĕo]g ;ƕo'ų+ cltk)Lt+ ;'v+, t+;d'lŪt]g tƧ cltk)Lt]g ¿k]g
¿ksĕoá m'þŪá, oƧ m'þŪųf ´fgf j'lŪtálk sĕlos;'v+ kl;+j]b]Ɯ, tƨf PtdŴ+ bƧ]ƃá æ;'vť sĕo]g kl;+j]b]tLÆlt cfx.
o+ tlƃcfbL;' olƃ oƨf, o+ ´fgx]t"lt cŴá. tlƃ t+ tltoŢĕg;dlśk'Ʈn+ a'źfboá cl/of cflrŋlƃ k;+;lƃ. lslƃĠ
æpk]ŋs]ĕ ;ltdf ;'vljxf/LÆlt. Pj+ PsśljƍxLg+ b'jś;dƉfut+ ltljwsƠf)flbo'ų+ tlto+ ´fg+ clwuƄf kjųtLlt
cŴá. o+ kg ´fg+ ljeś] æ´fglƃ pk]ŋĕ ;lt ;ƕhţ+ ;'v+ lrųƧ]sƮtfÆlt ‘lje0591’ j'ų+, t+ ;kl/ŋĕ/+ ´fg+ bƧ]t'+
kl/ofo]g j'ų+. pklgŢĕgnŋ)fg+ kg ;'vlrų]sƮtfg+ j;]g b'jlśsd]j]t+ j]lbtƑ+. oyfx _ æb'jlśs+þ ´fg+
xátLÆltcflb ‘lje0624’.
Pj+ tltoŢĕgflwud+ bƧ]ŷf Obflg tbgƃ/+ clwuttltoŢĕgƧ t+ j;Le"t+ sŷf ttá j'Ūfo tŴ j'ųgo]g bá;+
lbƩf lgsƸƃ kl/ofbfo cáńfl/s;'vśƍxfgfo, pk]ŋ]sƮtf;řft;];;ƃśklnfefo r tb]j lgldų+ dgl;s/átá rt'Ŵ+
´fg+ pƍşlt, tƍfbsť nás'ų/+, t+ k'ƮnflwŪfg]g bƧ]t'+ æ;'vƧ r kxfgfÆltcflbdfx. tŴ ;'vƧ r kxfgf b'ŋƧ r
kxfgflt sĕlosƧ ;'vƧ, b'ŋƧ r kxfgf. k'Ƒ]jflt tť ±vëf k'Ƒ]j, g rt'ŴŢĕgŋ±)ëlt cŴá. ;ádgƧbádgƧfg+
cŴśdflt r]tl;sƧ ;'vƧ, b'ŋƧ r k'Ƒ]j kxfgf. sbf kg t];+ kxfg+ xátLltĠ rt'Ɖ+ ´fgfg+ pkrf/ŋ±)ë.
b'ŋbádgƧ;'v;ádgƧflg lx oyfŊþd+ k&dflbrt'Ɖ+ ´fgfg+ pkrf/ŋ±)ë Pj kxLolƃ. olb Pj+, sƨf kg];
æljljŝ]j»k]0 k&d+ ´fg+ pk;ƕş ljx/lt, PŴ'ƍƉ+ b'lŋlƇo+ ckl/;];+ lg?Ţlt»k]0 rt'Ŵ+ ´fg+ pk;ƕş ljx/lt,
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PŴ'ƍƉ+ ;ádglƧlƇo+ ckl/;];+ lg?ŢtLÆlt ‘;+0lg0 5=510’ Pj+ ´fg]Ʃ]j lg/á±wëf j'ųáltĠ clt;olg/áwƧ j'ųųf.
pkrf/ŋ±)ë;' lx oá lg/á±wëf, ;á lg/á±wëf Pj, gflt;olg/á±wëf, ;á kg ´fgŋ±)ë;' Pj. ttá Pj lx tŴ tŴ
ckl/;];Ʈx)+ stlƃ, tŴ tŴ kg kxLgflk Ptf j]bgf PŴ b'ljţ]Ɯnŋ)fo cb'ŋd;'vfo j]bgfo b'ŋĕlbƓlt/]s]þg
;'vƮx)Ŵ+, jŰe)gŴťƧ ´fgƧ ;dfxf, kŝobƧgŴťƧ. oyfx _ ærųf/á ±vëf, cfj';á, kŝof cb'ŋd;'vfo
r]táljd'lųof ;dfklųof, Owfj';á, leŋ' ;'vƧ r kxfgfÆltcflb ‘d0 lg01=458’.
pk]ŋĕ;ltkfl/;'lźlƃ tŶdŢųtf;řftfo pk]ŋĕo hlgt;ltof kfl/;'lź. lg?kŎ];tfo lx t+ kl/;'źų+. g
s]þjnť]Ŵ pk]ŋĕo ;lt Pj kl/;'źf, clkr ±vëf ;Ƒ]lk ;ƕo'ųwƙf, ;lt;L;]g kgfo+ b];gf stflt. pk;ƕş ljx/tLlt
Pj+ PsśljƍxLg+ b'jś;dƉfut+ ltljwsƠf)flbo'ų+ rt'Ŵ+ ´fg+ clwuƄf tbg'¿k]g Ol/ofkyljxf/]g kjųtLlt cŴá.
Pj+ ¿kfjr/nás'ų/rt'ŊþŢĕg+ bƧ]ŷf Obflg c¿kfjr/Ţĕg+ bƧ]ƃá o+ tŴ k&d+, Pj+
clwut¿kfjr/rt'ŴŢĕgƧ s/h¿k] bůfbfgfbLgť]j rŋ'/áuflbcfafwfgť j;]g lbŪfbLgjƧ s/h¿kƧ ;dltŊþdfo
cfsĕ;sl;)lj/lxt];' gj;' sl;±)ë;' cţt/Ƹƨ rt'Ŵ+ ´fg+ pƍfb]ŷf tƧf/ƙ)e"t+ sl;)klefu¿klƕ s/h¿kklefutfo,
c/ţ] ;ƍfg'aƈƧ eo]g knfotá /ş'tfnkŰfƸb ;ƍklefutfo ljo ;dltŊþldt'sĕdƧ kťxfsĕ/]lx t+ ´fg+ j;Le"t+ sŷf
ttá j'Ūfo tŴ lgƑ]hgLo¿kklefuf/ƙ)tfo, cf;Ɖ;ádgƧkŝlŴstfo r bá;+ lbƩf lgsƸƃ kl/ofbfo cś];'
;dltŊþldtƑfefj]g cf/ƙ);dltŊþde"t+ cfsĕ;fgťfotg+ ;ƃtá dgl;sl/ŷf rŊþjfńkl/oƃ+ jf oųs+þ jf OŞlt, tųs+þ
sl;)+ kŴl/ŷf jf sl;)+ cdgl;sl/ŷf t]g m'þŪásĕ;+ æcfsĕ;á cfsĕ;áÆlt jf æcgƃá cfsĕ;áÆlt jf dgl;sĕ/]g sl;)+
pŔf]ŷf jf t+ sl;)'Ŕfldfsĕ;lgldų+ æcfsĕ;áÆlt k'gƍ'g+ dgl;s/átá cfsĕ;fgťfotg+ pƍşlt, t+ tfj bƧ]t'+ æ;Ƒ;á
¿k;ţfg+ ;dltŊþdfÆltcflbdfx.
tŴ ;Ƒ;ált ;Ƒfsĕ/]g, ;Ƒf;+ jf cgj;];fglƃ cŴá. ¿k;ţfglƃ ;ţf;L;]g j'ųfg+ s';nljkfslsl/oj;]g
kťb;¿kfjr/Ţĕgfgť]j tbf/ƙ)fgť. ¿kŢĕglƕ lx æ¿k] ;ţf ¿k;ţfÆlt Pj+ ;ţf;L;]g j'ŝlt, tbf/ƙ)sl;)lƕ
¿klƃ ;ţf gfddƧflt æ¿k;ţÆlƃ j'ŝlt. ;dltŊþdflt lj/fuf, lg/áwf r. ljeś] kg ;ţf;' ;dltŊþƃf;' cf/ƙ)+
;dltŊþƃd]j xátLlt æ;dfkƉƧ jf pkkƉƧ jf lbŪwƙ;'vljxfl/Ƨ jfÆltcflbgf ‘lje0602’ ;ţfgd]j ;dltŊþdá
j'ųá, cf/ƙ±)ë clj/ųƧ ;ţf;dltŊþdá gŴ]jflt t+ ;dltŊþdj;]gflk cŴjŰgf sĕtƑfj.
kl#;ţfg+ cŴśdflt rŋĕbLg+ jŴ"g+, ¿kfbLgť cf/ƙ)fg+ kl#ft]g ;d'ƍƉf lƀkťljţf);ţf kl#;ţf,
tf;+ cŴśdf. lsťflk tf ¿kfjr/Ţĕg;dfkƉƧflk g ;lƃ, cy ±vëf g kxLgųf g ;lƃ. g lx ¿klj/fufo
¿kfjr/efjgf ;+jųlt, ¿kfoųfj Ptf;+ kjlų, co+ kg efjgf ¿klj/fufo ;+jųlt, tƨf tf PŴ kxLgflt jų'+
jũlt. gfgų;ţfg+ cdgl;sĕ/flt gfgų] ±uëfr/] kjųfg+, gfgųfg+ jf dgáljţf)wft'j;]g kjųfgť
rt'rųfnL;sĕdfjr/;ţfg+ cdgl;sĕ/f cgfjşgf. PŴ r ¿kkl#;ţfg+ Oldgf ´fg]g lgƑųej]lk cg'ƍlųtá
æ;dltŊþdf cŴśdfÆlt Pj+ cefjá Pj j'ųá. ægfgų;ţfg+ cdgl;sĕ/fÆlt cŪsĕdfjr/s';nfg+ gjlsl/ofg+
b;fs';nfg+ j;]g ;ųjL;lt;ţfg+ c¿kej]lk dgl;sĕ/]g pƍlų;Ƙjtá tf;+ cdgl;sĕ/f Oŝ]j j'ųlƃ j]lbtƑ+.
cgƃá cfsĕ;ált PŴ gfƧ pƍfbƃá jf joƃá jf kţfotLlt cgƃá. cfsĕ;ált sl;)'Ŕfldfsĕ;á j'ŝlt,
dgl;sĕ/j;]gk]Ŵ cgƃtf j]lbtƑf. t]g]j ljeś] j'ų+ ætƸƨ cfsĕ;] lrų+ &k]lt»k]0 cgƃ+ mþ/lt, t]g j'ŝlt cgƃá
cfsĕ;áÆlt ‘lje0605’. Ob+ kgƧ efjgfsĕ/bƧg+. cfsĕ;fgťfotglƃ PŴ gfƧ cƃált cgƃ+ cfsĕ;d]j cgƃ+
cfsĕ;fgƃ+, cfsĕ;fgƃd]j cfsĕ;fgť+, tb]j cfsĕ;fgť+ clwŪfgŪ]g, ;ŧflt;dá;/)Ū]g r cfotg+, t+ cf/ƙ)dƧ
;;ƕo'ųwƙƧ ´fgƧflt cfsĕ;fgťfotg+. t+ pk;ƕş j'ųgo]g ljx/tLlt cŴá.
Pj+ cfsĕ;fgťfotgflwud+ bƧ]ŷf Obflg o+ tbgƃ/+ clwutk&df?ƍƧ t+ j;Le"t+ sŷf tŴ
cf;Ɖ¿kŢĕgkŝlŴstfo, ¿kklefufsĕ;f/ƙ)tfo r bá;+ lbƩf lgsƸƃ kl/ofbfo t+ ;dltŊþdfo cfsĕ;+ mþl/ŷf kjų+
ljţf)+ æcgƃ+ ljţf)Ælƃ k'gƍ'g+ dgl;s/átá ljţf)ťfotg+ pƍşlt, t+ bƧ]t'+ æ;Ƒ;á cfsĕ;fgťfotg+
;dltŊþƙfÆltcflb j'ų+. tŴ k'Ƒ] j'ųgo]g ´fglƕ cfsĕ;fgťfotg+ cf/ƙ)lƕ. cf/ƙ)lƕ lx k'l/dgo]g cfsĕ;fgťť t+
k&df?ƍƧ cf/ƙ)ųf j'ųgo]g cfotgťflt æcfsĕ;fgťfotgÆlƃ j'ŝlt. Olt peoƧflk cƍjlųs/±)ëg, cdgl;s/±)ëg
r PsŢ+ sŷf æcfsĕ;fgťfotg+ ;dltŊþƙfÆlt Ob+ j'ųlƃ j]lbtƑ+.
cgƃ+ ljţf)lƃ tţ]j k&df?ƍljţf)+ cfsĕ;+ cgƃtá mþl/ŷf kjų+ æcgƃ+ ljţf)Ælƃ Pj+ dgl;s/átált j'ų+
xált, dgl;sĕ/j;]g jf cgƃ+. ljeś]lk lx æcgƃ+ mþ/tLÆlt ‘lje0610’ j'ų+. ljţf)ťfotglƃ PŴ j'ųgo]g
cgƃd]j cfgť+, ljţf)ť t+ cfgťťflt ljţf)fgƃlƃ jųƑ] ?lŃÜtá æljţf)ťÆlƃ j'ų+, tb]j cfotgdf/ƙ)dƧflt
ljţf)ťfotg+. ;];+ j'ųgod]j.
Pj+ ljţf)ťfotg+ bƧ]ŷf Obflg o+ tbgƃ/+ clwutb'ltof?ƍƧ t+ j;Le"t+ sŷf tŴ
cf;Ɖfsĕ;fgťfotgkŝlŴstfo, tbf/ƙ)tfo r bá;+ lbƩf lgsƸƃ kl/ofbfo t+ ;dltŊþdfo k&df?ƍljţf)fefj+ æglŴ
gŴLÆlt jf æ;'ţ+ ;'ţÆlƃ jf æljljų+ ljljųÆlƃ jf k'gƍ'g+ dgl;s/átá cflsťţfotg+ pƍşlt, t+ bƧ]t'+
æ;Ƒ;áÆltcflbdfx. Owflk j'ųgo]g ´fgƧ, tbf/ƙ)Ƨ r ljţf)ťfotgƧ ;dltŊþdáj j]lbtƑá. glŴ lsťLlt æglŴ
glŴ, ;'ţ+ ;'ţ+, ljljų+ ljljųÆlƃ Pj+ dgl;s/átált cŴá.
cflsťţfotglƃ PŴ gfƧ lsťglƃ clsťg+, cƃd;á eśdųlƕƧ cjl;Ū+ gŴLlt j'ų+ xált, clsťgƧ efjá
cflsťţ+, cfsĕ;fgťfotgljţf)fkudƧ]t+ clwjrg+, cflsťţ+ cfotgdf/ƙ)dƧflt cflsťţfotg+. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j.
Pj+ cflsťţfotgflwud+ bƧ]ŷf Obflg o+ tbgƃ/+ clwuttltof?ƍƧ t+ j;Le"t+ sŷf tŴ
cf;Ɖljţf)ťfotgkŝlŴstfo bá;+ lbƩf lgsƸƃ kl/ofbfo t+ ;dltŊþdfo tb]j cflsťţfotg+ æ;ƃ+ ;ƃÆlƃ k'gƍ'g+
dgl;s/átá g]j;ţfgf;ţfotg+ pƍşlt, t+ bƧ]t'+ æ;Ƒ;áÆltcflbdfx. tŴ g]j;ţfgf;ţfotglƃ cáńfl/sĕo ;ţfo
107
cefjtá, ;'v'dfo r efjtá g]jƧ ;;ƕo'ųwƙƧ ´fgƧ ;ţf gf;ţflt g]j;ţfgf;ţ+, tb]j wƙfotgdgfotgkl/ofkƉųf
cfotglƃ g]j;ţfgf;ţfotg+.
cy jf ofod]Ŵ ;ţf, ;f k';ţflsŝ+ sĕt'+ c;dŴtfo g]j;ţf, ;řf/fj;];;'v'defj]g ljşdfgųf gf;ţflt
g]j;ţfgf;ţf, g]j;ţfgf;ţf r ;f ;ƕo'ųwƙfg+ clwŪfgŪ]g cfotgťflt g]j;ţfgf;ţfotg+. g s]þjnť]Ŵ ;ţfj
Plb;L, clk t' mþƧálk g]jmþƧá gfmþƧá, lrųlƕ g]jlrų+ gflrų+, Pj+ ;];;ƕo'ųwƙflk, ;ţf;L;]g kgfo+ b];gf stflt
j]lbtƑf. tŴ ;řf/fj;];;'v'defj]gflt cŝƃ;'v'defjƍų;řf/efj]g. ;];+ j'ųgod]j.
co+ kg]Ŵ cflbtá kŪfo lkůŴƍsĕ;gf _ æOw leŋ' kfltdáŋ;+j/;+j'táÆltcflbgf ;f;g]
nálsonás'ų/ŢĕglgƑųsk'ƮnƧ kltŪfe"t;Ln];' kfltdáŋ;+j/;Lnlj;'Ƹź pklb;lt. æljx/tLÆlt Oldgf
tbg'¿kljxf/;dlśefj+. æcfrf/±uëfr/;ƕƉáÆlt Oldgf cfhËjkfl/;'lź;Ln+, tb'ksĕ/s]þ r wƙ]. æc)'dų];"Æltcflbgf
oyfj'ų;Ln]lx crjg+, t];ť cgj;];tá ;dfbfg+. æOlƇo];' u'ųƀf/áÆlt Oldgf OlƇo;+j/;Ln+. æeáhg] dųţ"Ælt
Oldgf kŝo;lƉlƧt;Ln+, ;ƃá;flbu')ť. æk'Ƒ/ųfk//ųÆlƃcflbgf ;Lnw'tś];' kltlŪtƧ efjgf/fdƧ tb'ksĕ/s]þ
wƙ]. æaálwklŋsĕgÆlƃcflbgf klklųof lgƑ]wefluot+. æ;á cleŊþƃÆ] ltcflbgf oyfj'ųu')fg+ ckl/xfgfo,
jŋdfgfgť klnfefo ;lt;ƕoáu+. æ;á ljljųÆlƃcflbgf efjgfg'¿k;]gf;gkl/Ʈx+. æ;á c/ţutáÆltcflbgf
´fgefjgf/Ƙƍsĕ/+. æ;á cleŢÆlƃcflbgf ´fgefjgfleoá±uëg kxLgkťgLj/)Ƨ pkrf/Ţĕg'ƍƸų. æ;á Od] kť
gLj/±)ëÆltcflbgf tƧ pk¿kl/ jfodtá ¿kf¿kŢĕg'ƍlųŊþd+ pklb;lt. co+ tfj]Ŵ kbŴá.
wƙe]bá kg]Ŵ ljeśgo] kfsá eljƧlt. tL;' lx go];' dxƮtnás'ų/f s';nljkfslsl/olrų;ƕo'ųf
ljtŊþljrf/kLlt;'vpk]ŋĕPsƮtf;řftf ´fgwƙf gfgfgo]lx ljeųf, ´fg;ƕo'ųf kg ;];sĕdfjr/wƙfj Ow ;ślxtf.
lsťflk kg]Ŵ kfltdáŋ;+j/;Lnfboálk j'ųf, tyflk t] ´fgfg+ k'ƑefuƍlklųbƧgj;]g r]j ´fg;ƕo'ųwƙj;]g r
j'ųf, Ow kg g ;ślxtflt j]lbtƑf.
kŤfk'Şs]þ kg l;of s';nf, l;of cƓfstf, tLl) ´fgflg ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųf, rt'Ŵ+ cb'ŋd;'vfo
j]bgfo ;ƕo'ų+, pk]ŋĕ kg]Ŵ j]bgf g jųƑf, l;of ljkfsĕ, l;of ljkfswƙwƙf, k&dŢĕg+ ljtŊþljrf/jlşt+
;ljtŊþ;ljrf/+, ljtŊþá kg]Ŵ cljtŊþljrf/dųá, ljrf/á g jųƑá, tLl) ´fgflg cljtŊþcljrf/f, ƀ] ´fgflg
kLltjlştflg kLlt;xutflg, tLl) ;'vjlştflg ;'v;xutflg, rt'Ŵ+ pk]ŋĕjlşt+ pk]ŋĕ;xut+, tltoŢĕg] ;'v+, pk]ŋĕ r
Ow g jųƑ+»k]0 l;of dxƮtf, l;of cƍdf)f, tLl) l;of cƍdf)f/ƙ)f, l;of g jųƑf, rt'Ŵ+ ltwflk g jųƑť,
tLl) l;of dƮx]t'sĕ, l;of dƮflwkltgá, l;of g jųƑf, rt'Ŵ+ ltwflk g jųƑť»k]0 kLlt alxźf/ƙ)flg, rt'Ŵ+
ltwflk g jųƑť»k]0 clgbƧgcƍl#f g x]t"»k]0 gálrųr]tl;sĕ c/)flt. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. kflńd'ųgoá kg]Ŵ
glŴ, Otá k/+ kg Pųslƕ cjŷf ljşdfgŪfg] Pj jŋĕd.
´fgljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
cƍdţfljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
cƍdţfljeśdfltsĕo kg cŴtá tfj _ rtƧá cƍdţfoáltcfbL;' mþ/)cƍdf)j;]g cƍdţfoá. Ptf lx
cf/ƙ)j;]g cƍdf±)ë jf ;ų] mþ/lƃ, Ps;ųlƛ jf cgj;];mþ/)j;]g cƍdf)tá mþ/ƃLlt Pj+ mþ/)cƍdf)j;]g
æcƍdţfoáÆlt j'ŝlƃ, ;ų cƍdf)j;]gflk jų'+ jũlt. d]ųf;xut]gflt d]ųfo ;dƉfut]g. Ps+þ lb;lƃ k'/lŴdfbL;'
rt";' lb;f;' o+ lslť Ps+þ lb;+, t+lb;fkl/ofkƉ;ųmþ/)j;]g r]t+ j'ų+. mþl/ŷflt m'þl;ŷf cf/ƙ)+ sŷf. ljx/tLlt
kjų]lt. tyf b'ltolƃcfbL;'. oyf Ps+þ lb;+ mþl/ŷf, t±yëj tbgƃ/+ b'lto+, tlto+, rt'Ŵťflt cŴá. Olt pźd±wëf
ltl/olƃ Pt]g]j go]g pkl/d+ lb;+, x]lŪd+ lb;+, cg'lb;ť cg'Ŋþd]g d]ųf;xut]g r]t;f mþl/ŷf ljx/tLlt cŴá.
Pųfjtf Psd]s+þ lb;+ kl/Ʈx]ŷf cálw;á d]ųfmþ/)t+ blƧt+.
;ƑwLltcflb kg cgálw;á bƧgŴ+ j'ų+. tŴ ;ƑwLlt ;ƑŴ. ;Ƒųtfoflt ;Ƒ];'
xLgdlŢd'ŊþŪldų;kųdŢųflbƍe]b];' cųtfo, t];' ljefu+ csŷf cų;dtfoflt j'ų+ xált. cy jf ;Ƒųtfoflt ;Ƒ]g
lrųefj]g, ó;slƕ alx cljŋ]kdfgált cŴá. ;Ƒfjƃlƃ ;Ƒ;ųjƃ+, ;Ƒ;ųo'ųlƃ cŴá. náslƃ ;ųnás+þ. k'g
æd]ųf;xut]gfÆlt Ob+ æljk'n]gfÆltcfbLlx lj;];g]lx ;ƗƈbƧgj;]g jf j'ų+, lgudgj;]g jf. tŴ mþ/)j;]g
ljk'ntf j]lbtƑf. e"ldj;]g kg dxƮttf. ku')j;]g, cƍdf);ųf/ƙ)j;]g r cƍdf)tf. ƓfkfbkŝlŴsƍxfg]g
cj]/tf. bádgƧƍxfg]g lgŹ'ŋtf, ;řttf, cƓfkştf r bŪƑf. Pj+ s?)f;xut]gfltcfbL;'lk cŴá j]lbtƑált co+
tfj]Ŵ kbŴá.
wƙe]bá kg]Ŵ ;'ljţ]Ɯáj. ljeśgo]g kg tL;' ¿kfjr/s';nljkfslsl/oflrų];' ;ƕo'ųf ;ų];'
d]ųflbƔƪljxf/e"tf cbá;á s?)f d'lbtf tŶdŢųtflt rųf/á wƙf gfgfgo]lx ljeųf, t+;ƕo'ųf kg sĕdfjr/e"tf r
Ptf Ow g ulxtf. c¿kfjr/nás'ų/];' kg]tf cƍdţf gŴ]jflt. kŤfk'Şs]þ kg]tf tfj l;of s';nf, l;of
cƓfstf. ltƧá ;'vfo, rt'Ŵf cb'ŋd;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųf. ljkfslųs]þ ltwflk, pk]ŋĕ cljtŊþcljrf/f, ;];f
ltwflk, dxƮtfj, kl/ųf/ƙ)ctLtf/ƙ)lųs]þ;' g jųƑfj, alxźf/ƙ)fj, clgbƧgcƍl#fj, d]ųf x]t', ;];f g x]t",
gá lrųf, r]tl;sĕ, ¿kfjr/f, ;pų/fj. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]jflt.
108
cƍdţfljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
l;ŋĕkbljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
l;ŋĕkbljeśdfltsĕo kg cŴtá tfj _ l;ŋĕkbfgLlt l;lŋtƑkbflg, l;ŋĕs]ĕŪf;flt cŴá. clkr ;Ƒ]lk s';nf
wƙf l;lŋtƑtá l;ŋĕ, tf;+ kltŪfgŪ]g kb+, kť;' kg ;Lnś];' o+ lslť cś+. kf)fltkftfbL;' kf)Ƨ ctLj kftá
kf)fltkftá, kf)j±wëflt cŴá. kf±)ëflt r]Ŵ jáxf/tá ;ųá, k/dŴtá hËljltlƇo+, tƸƨ kg kf±)ë kf);lţgá
hËljltlƇo'kŞ]bspkŊþd;d'Ūflksĕ sĕojrLƀf/fg+ cţt/ƀf/ƍjųf jwsr]tgf kf)fltkftá, tƨf kf)fltkftf. j]/d)Llt
lj/lt, ;f Pj j'ųgo]g l;ŋĕkblƃ j]/dl)l;ŋĕkb+. clbƉlƃ g lbƉ+, k/kl/Ʈlxt+, k/kl/ƮlxtƧ clbƉƧ cfbfg+
clbƉfbfg+. k/Ƨ x/)+ ±yëƜ+ rál/sĕlt j'ų+ xált. cŴtá kg k/kl/Ʈlxt] tyf;lţgá tbfbfospkŊþd;d'Ūflksĕ
±yëƜr]tgf clbƉfbfg+. sĕd];"lt jŴ'sĕd];'. ldŞfrf/flt lsn];sĕdj;]g nfdsĕrf/f, k'l/;Ƨ dft'/lŋtflb;řftf;', OlŴof
cųgá lgoldtk'l/;tá k/k'l/;;řft];' r cudgLoŪfg];' jLltŊþdfrf/flt j'ų+ xált. cŴtá kg cudgLojŴ";'
d±ƮëgdƮƍlkfbgákŊþd;d'Ūflksĕ, clwjf;gfsĕ/ƍjųf jf d]y'gr]tgf sĕd];'ldŞfrf/á. d';flt ce"t+ ctŞ+ jŴ', jfbált
tƧ ce"tt+ `ŷfj e"ttá tŞtá ljţfkg+. nŋ)tá kg cty+ jŴ'+ `ŷf tytá k/+ ljţfk]t'sĕdƧ
cŴeŧssĕojrLkoáu;d'Ūflksĕ r]tgf d';fjfbá. ;'/flt lkŪ;'/f k"j;'/f cábg;'/f lsŰklŋųf ;Ƙf/;+o'ųflt kť
;'/f. d]/olƃ k'Ǝþf;já mþnf;já u'ńf;já dƂf;já ;Ƙf/;+o'ųált kť cf;jf. tb'eolƕ dbgLoŪ]g dş+, ofo r]tgfo
t+ dş+ lkjlt, ;f kdfbsĕ/)ųf kdfbŪfg+, tƨf ;'/fd]/odşkdfbŪfgf. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]jflt co+ tfj]Ŵ kbŴá.
wƙe]bá kg ljeśgo] kfsá eljƧlt. Pj+ pkl/lk. ljeśgo];' r]Ŵ ;'ųƃefhgLo+ glŴ, clewƙefhgLo]
kg]tflg kť l;ŋĕkbflg sĕdfjr/s';nlrų;ƕo'ųfg+ lj/tLg+ j;]g gfgƍsĕ/tá k&djf/] ljeųflg, tyf b'ltojf/]
r]tgfj;]g, lj/ltr]tgf;ƕo'ųf kg]Ŵ wƙf g l;ŋĕkbflg, l;ŋĕkb;ƕo'ųf kg xálƃ, tyf tltogo] mþƧfbLg+ ;Ƒ];+
wƙfg+ j;]g gfgƍsĕ/tá ljeųflt.
kŤfk'Şs]þ kg r]tgfo, mþƧfbLgť kl/ofol;ŋĕkbųf lgƍl/ofol;ŋĕkbe"tfg+ lj/tLg+ j;]g]j ljeųflg. tŴ
lx kť l;ŋĕkbflg s';nf Pj, l;of ;'vfo, l;of cb'ŋd;'vfo ;ƕo'ųf»k]0 kl/ųf/ƙ)fj, kŝ'ƍƉf/ƙ)fj,
alxźf/ƙ)fj, clgbƧgcƍl#fj, g x]t", ;x]t'sĕ, gá lrųf, r]tl;sĕ, sĕdfjr/f ;pų/fj, c/)fjflt. PŴ r
oflg l;ŋĕkbflg ;ųf/ƙ)flg j'ųflg, tflg r lj/lt;efjųf oƨf æ;ųáÆlt ;ř+ ut] kl/ųwƙ] Pj kŝ'ƍƉ] Pj wƙ]
cf/ƙ)+ s/álƃ, tƨf kl/ųf/ƙ)flt r j'ųflt j]lbtƑf. Obflg lj/ldtƑkf)fltkftfbLg+ _
wƙsƙkyfnƗ-j]bgfd"nsƙtá.
;fjşśflbtá `]Ɯá, kflńd'ųljlgŞoáĶ
tŴ wƙtá tfj _ kťk]t] kf)fltkftfboá r]tgf;efjfj xálƃ. sƙkytá kť sƙkyfj. cf/ƙ)tá kg
kf)fltkftá hËljltlƇof/ƙ±)ëf, clbƉfbfg+ ;ųf/ƙ)+, ;řf/f/ƙ)+ jf, tyf d';fjfbá, ldŞfrf/á OlŴk'l/;f/ƙ±)ëf,
;'/fkfg+ ;řf/f/ƙ)+. j]bgftá kg kf)fltkftá b'ŋj]bgá, clbƉfbfg+ ltj]bg+, tyf d';fjfbá, ldŞfrf/á kg
;'vdŢųj;]g lƀj]bgá, tyf ;'/fkfg+. d"ntá kg k&dá bá;dáxd"ná, b'lto+ l;of náedáxd"n+, l;of bá;dáxd"n+,
tyf d';fjfbá, ldŞfrf/á kg náedáxd"náj, tyf ;'/fkfg+. sƙtá kg]Ŵ d';fjfbá jrLsƙ+, ;];f sĕosƙd]j.
;fjştá kg kf)fltkftá tfj cdg'Ƨs]þ kf±)ë cƍ;fjşá, dg'Ƨs]þ dxf;fjşá. t];' r v'Źs;/L/]
cƍ;fjşá, dxf;/L/] dxf;fjşá. sƨfĠ koáudxƃtfo. koáu;dų]lk cƍu'±)ë cƍ;fjşá, dxfu'±)ë dxf;fjşá.
;/L/u')fg+ ;defj] ;lt lsn];fg+, pkŊþdfgť d'b'ltƑtfo cƍdxf;fjşá xált, vL)f;j] kg dxf;fjşt/ált.
clbƉfbfg+ jŴ'gá xLgƍ)Lttfo r]j u')lj/lxttƑƃ;ƃstfo r. tŴflk t+ t+ pkfbfo'kfbfo r cƍdxf;fjş+,
vL)f;j;ƃs]þ dxf;fjşt/lƃ j]lbtƑ+. ldŞfrf/á b'ƧLn;LnjƃjŴ'jLltŊþdg]g. tŴflk t+ t+ pkfbfo'kfbfo r
cƍdxf;fjşá, vL)f;jjŴ'jLltŊþdg] dxf;fjşt/ált r j]lbtƑá. d';fjfbá odŴ+ eŧlt, tƧ cƍdxƃt+, jŴ';fldgá
u')lj/lxtt+, tƑƃtť pkfbfo'kfbfo cƍdxf;fjşá xált. clkr cųgá ;ƃs+þ cbft'sĕdtfo, x;flwƍfo]g jf
ægŴ]tÆlƃcflbgoƍjųá cƍ;fjşá, clbŪ+ ælbŪÆlƃcflbgf s"þ;lŋcflbefj]g jf kjųá dxf;fjşá, d';f jŷf kg
;Ŝe]bg] dxf;fjşt/á. ;'/fkfg+ laƆ'dųtá kŪfo t+ t+ pkfbfo'kfbfo cƍ;fjş+, ax's]þ dxf;fjş+,
sĕoljsĕ/hggkxágskfg] kg dxf;fjşt/d]j.
cśflbtá kg kf)fltkftƧ kf±)ëf kf);lţtf jwslrų+ pkŊþdá t]g d/)lƃ kť cśflg. ;fxlŴs]ĕ cf)lųs]ĕ
lgƧlƮs]ĕ yfj/á ljşĕdoá Olźdoált % koáuf. clbƉfbfgƧ k/kl/Ʈlxttf tyf;lţtf ±yëƜlrų+ pkŊþdá t]g x/)lƃ
kť cśflg. ;fxlŴsĕboá % Pj koáuf. t] r ±vëf oyfg'¿k+ ±yëƜfjxf/fbLg+ j;]g kjųf. ldŞfrf/Ƨ cudgLojŴ'tf
;]jglrų+ d±Ʈëg dƮƍlkųLlt tLl) cśflg. ;fxlŴs]ĕ Ps]ĕj koá±uëf. Pj+ ;];fglƕ koá±uëf j]lbtƑá. d';fjfbƧ cty+
jŴ', lj;+jfbglrų+, tşá jfofdá, k/Ƨ tbŴljhĕgglƃ rųfl/ cśflg. ;'/fkfgƧ ;'/fbLg+ cţt/tf cŢáx/)lƃ ƀ]
cśfgLlt.
Pj+ kf)fltkftfbLg+ wƙflbtá ljlgŞo+ `ŷf Obflg kf)fltkftfj]/dl)cfbLg+ kťƉlƕ _
wƙsƙkyfnƗ-;dfbfgkoáutá.
vůtá r ljhĕgLoá, kflńd'ųljlgŞoáĶ
109
tŴ wƙsƙkytá ljlgŞoá j'ųgoáj. cf/ƙ)tá kg]tflg hËljltlƇoflbt+t+jLltŊþldtƑjŴf/ƙ)flg.
;dfbfgtá PsƧ ;lƃs]þ jf ;od]j jf ækť ;Lnflg clwŪxfdLÆlt Pstá jf kflPŊ+þ jf ;dflboƃ]g Ptflg ;dflbƉfg]j
xálƃ. koáutá kg ;Ƒflglk ;fxlŴskoáufg]j. vůtá uxŪf o+ o+ jLltŊþdlƃ, t+ tb]j vů+ xált, g]t/]. uxŪf
clgaź;Lnf xálƃ, o+ o+ ;Ŋþálƃ, t+ tb]j ±uëfk]lƃ. ;fd±)ë/fg+ kg PsƸƨ jLltŊþldt] ;Ƒflglk leşƃLlt Pj+ ljhĕgLoá
kflńd'ųljlgŞoá.
l;ŋĕkbljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
kl;lƘbfljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
kl;lƘbfljeśdfltsĕo cŴtá tfj _ rtƧá kl;lƘbflt rųf/á ke]bf. lgŹ];] kg æcŴ] `f)+
cŴƍl;lƘbfÆltcflbgf ‘lje0718’ `f)j;]g lglŹŪųf `f)Ƨ]j, g cţƧ sƧrLlt j]lbtƑ+. cŴkl;lƘbflt
cŴlj;o`f)ƍe]bf, cŴƍe]b;Ɵŋ)ljefjgjjŴfgs/);dŴtfj;]g cŴ] ke]but+ `f)lƃ cŴá. ;];kb];'lk P;]j
goá. PŴ r cŴált x]t'mþn. + ;á lx x]t'j;]g c/)Lotá uƃƑtá, pƍfb]tƑtá r æcŴáÆlt j'ŝlt. ke]btá kg];álk
kťlj±wëf xált o+ lslť kŝo'ƍƉ+, lgƑfg+, efl;tŴá, ljkfs]ĕ, lsl/oflt.
wƙált kŝoá, ;á lx mþn+ ljbxlt kjų]lt pƍfb]lt r]j kfk]lt rflt æwƙáÆlt j'ŝlt. ke]btá kg];álk
kťlj±wëf xált oá s]ĕlr mþnlgƑųs]ĕ x]t', cl/od±Ʈëf, efl;t+, s';n+, cs';nlƃ.
lg?ųLlt oyfj'ųfg+ wƙfg+, cŴfgť jfrs]ĕ ;efjlg?lų;řftá ;Źá. Odf wƙŴlg?lųoá cf/ƙ)+ sŷf
kŝj]ŋƃƧ tŴ tŴ ke]but+ `f)+ lg?lųkl;lƘbf gfd.
PŴ r lg?lųkl;lƘbf ;Źf/ƙ)f, g kţųf/ƙ)f, kl;lƘbfkųá lx æmþƧá j]bgfÆltcflbs+þ ;Ź+ ;'ŷf æco+
;efjlg?ųLÆlt hĕgflt, æmþƧf j]bgáÆltcflbs+þ kg æg ;efjlg?ųLÆlt hĕgflt. ;efjlg?ųLlt ‘lje0cŪ0718’ r
dfulwsĕ ef;f, ofo ;ƙf;Ɨ'źf t]lks+þ a'źjrg+ tƸƃ cf/ák]lƃ, Ɣƪfgá r cufds]þ c/ţ] lslť jrg+ c;'ŷf jlŬtbf/sĕ
r cųgá wƙtfo ef;lƃ, of r ckfo];' dg'Ƨ] b]jnás]þ r]j dfuwef;f pƧƉf, kŞf r ttá cƈsoágsbldńflbb];ef;f
r]j ;ŊþtflbcŪf/;dxfef;f r lgƑųf, ;f lx oƨf Ot/f;' ef;f;' kl/jųƃf;'lk g kl/jųlt, ;Ƒsĕn+ cųgá ;efj] Pj
ltŪlt, tƨf æ;efjlg?ųLÆlt j'ŝlt. of Ɣƪjáxf/á, cl/ojáxf/ált r j'ŝlt, tfo kg dfuwef;fo tƸƃ cf?ŃÜƧ
a'źjrgƧ kl;lƘbfkųfg+ ;átkyfudgd]j kkťá ;át] kg ;Ŝlũtdų] Pj go;t]g go;xƧ]g cŴá pkŪflt. cţfo
kg ef;fo tƸƃ cf?ŃÜ+ t+ t];+ lrų+ ;x;f gf/áxlt, lsŞ]g pƮx]tƑ+ xált, k'y'şgfgť ;sn+ a'źjrg+ pƮx]ŷflk
kl;lƘbfklų gfd glŴ, cl/o;fjs]ĕ gá kl;lƘbfkųá gfd glŴ, kl;lƘbfkųá cţ+ ;Ź+ gfdfŐfták;Ʈlgkfte]btá
hĕgflt, g hĕgftLltĠ ob±Ʈëg ;Ź+ ;'ŷf æco+ ;efjlg?lų, co+ g ;efjlg?ųLÆlt hĕgflt, tb±Ʈëg Ptlƕ hĕlgƧlt, g
r]t+ kl;lƘbflsŝlƃ j]lbtƑ+.
klefglƃ wƙŴflblj;o+ ;ƑŴs`f)+, t+ `f)+ cf/ƙ)+ sŷf kŝj]ŋƃƧ ke]but+ `f)+ klefgkl;lƘbf gfd,
Odf rtƧálk kl;lƘbf clwud]g kl/olųpƮx±)ëg ;ŊþŝwƙƧjg]g cŴkl/k'Şfo k'Ƒoá±uëgflt kťlx sĕ/±)ëlx lj;bf
xálƃ, ;]ve"ldo+, c;]ve"ldoťflt ƀL;' &fg];' ke]b+ uŞƃLlt j]lbtƑf. co+ tfj]Ŵ kbŴá.
wƙe]bá kg]Ŵflk ljeśgo] kfsá eljƧlt. ljeśgo];' lx tL;'lk wƙlg?lųklefgkl;lƘbf ltƧálk
sĕdfjr/hjg;ƕo'ų`f)fg+ j;]g tlƑ;oƍe]b]g ;Ƹź gfgƍsĕ/tá ljeųf. cŴkl;lƘbf kg t];+ `f)fgť]j
cŪnás'ų/lrų;ƕo'ųfgť j;]g tlƑ;oƍe]b]g ;Ƹź. nás'ų/`f)flglk lx dƮƍųƑtfo cŴe"tlgƑfgf/ƙ)ųf
æcŴkl;lƘbfÆlt j'ŝlt.
kŤfk'Şs]þ kg l;of s';nf, l;of cƓfstf, ltƧá kl;lƘbf l;of ljkfswƙwƙf, l;of
g]jljkfsgljkfswƙwƙf, cŴkl;lƘbf ltwflk, ltƧá kl;lƘbf kl/ųf, cŴkl;lƘbf l;of kl/ųf, l;of cƍdf)f
lg?lųkl;lƘbf kl/ųf/ƙ)f, alxźf/ƙ)f r, ;];f ltwflk, lg?lųkl;lƘbf kŝ'ƍƉf/ƙ)fj, cŴkl;lƘbf ltwflk g
jųƑf r, clgbƧgcƍl#f, x]t", ;x]t'sĕ, ltƧá kl;lƘbf ;pų/f, cŴkl;lƘbf lƀwflk, c/)f rflt. ;];+
;'ljţ]Ɯd]j.
kl;lƘbfljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
`f)ljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
`f)ljeśdfltsĕo kg cŴtá tfj _ Pslj±wëgflt Psƍsĕ/]g, Pss]ĕŪf;]g jf. `f)jŴ"lt PŴ kg `f)ť t+
jŴ' r gfgƍsĕ/fg+ ;ƕųLglƃ `f)jŴ'. kť ljţf)flt rŋ'ljţf)fbLlg kť. g x]t" cx]t'sĕltcfbL;' x]Ūf x]t'b'sĕbL;'
j'ųgofg';f/]g ;ƑŴ cŴá j]lbtƑá. clkr x]t'b'sĕbL;' kť ljţf)f x]t" wƙflt jf ;x]t'sĕ wƙflt jf g jųƑf, Psƃ]g
kg g x]t" Pj, cx]t'sĕ Pjflt. Pj+ æofyfjsjŴ'ljefjgf kţfÆlt Oldgf pkl/ Psljwkl/Ş]bfj;fg] jŋdfg]g
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;Ɨƈált. Oldgf go]g ;ƑŴ oyfg'¿k+ cŴá j]lbtƑá. tŴ r cr]tl;sĕlt lrųflg Pj kťljţf);ƕo'ųfg+ Ow
ck/fdŪųf.
pƍƉjŴ'sĕ pƍƉf/ƙ)flt v)kŝ'ƍƉj;]g cgfutklŋ]ká. g lx tflg cgfut];' kť;' jŴf/ƙ±)ë;' pƍşlƃ.
k'/]hĕtjŴ'sĕ k'/]hĕtf/ƙ)flt ;x'ƍlųklŋ]ká. g lx tflg ;x'ƍƉ+ jŴf/ƙ)+ klŝ pƍşlƃ. cŢlųsjŴ'sĕlt
cŢųŢųe"t] kť k;fb] jŴ'+ sŷf pƍşgsĕ. PŴ r kť ljţf)f ;olƕ cŢlųsĕ, cŢlųsjŴ'sĕ r, dgáljţf)+
xbolglƧt+ cŢlųs+þ, aflx/jŴ's+þ, kťljţf);ƕo'ųf toá vƈf aflx/f, cŢlųsjŴ'sĕ, dgáljţf);ƕo'ųf toá vƈf
aflx/f, aflx/jŴ'sĕlt Pj+ rt'Ŋ+þ j]lbtƑ+.
c;lƘƉjŴ'sĕ c;lƘƉf/ƙ)flt clg?źjŴf/ƙ)f. g lx tflg lg?źjŴf/ƙ)+ klŝ pƍşlƃ. gfgfjŴ'sĕ
gfgf/ƙ)flt tflg oyfŊþd+ rŋ'¿kflblgot]s]þsjŴf/ƙ)tfo cţdţ+ leƉjŴ'sĕ, leƉf/ƙ)f r. g lx rŋ'ljţf)+ rŋ'+
d'lťŷf ;átfbL;' cţt/+ jŴ'+ sŷf ¿k+ d'lťŷf ;ŹfbL;' cţt/f/ƙ)+ klŝ pƍşlt, g Ot/flg r]t/flg. g cţdţƧ
±uëfr/lj;o+ kŝg'eáƃLlt Oldgf r g];+ gfgf/ƙ)t+o]j ljefj]lt. g c;dƉfxf/f pƍşƃLlt cgfjşg] g pƍşlƃ,
kťƀf/fjşg]g cgfjlşt] lj;o] g pƍşƃLlt cŴá. g cdgl;sĕ/flt td]j]Ŵ kl/ofoƃ/]g ljefj]lt. g cƑálsŰflt
cţdţ+ lg/ƃ/f x'ŷf g pƍşlƃ. g ck'Ƒ+ crl/dlƃ Psŋ±)ëlk ;x g pƍşlƃ. g s]þjnť Ptflg, cţflglk
ljţf)flg ƀ] jf tb'ųƸ/ jf Pstá g pƍşlƃ, Ps]þsd]j kg ljţf)+ pƍştLlt j]lbtƑ+. oyfx _ æcţ+ pƍşt] lrų+,
cţ+ lrų+ lg?ŢtLÆltcflb ‘bL0lg0cŪ01=214 d0lg0cŪ01=109 ;+0lg0cŪ03=5=368 lje0cŪ0523’. g cţdţƧ
;dgƃ/flt Oldgf cgƑálsŰtfo Pj ljefjgf.
cgfeáuflt cgfjşge"tf cfjşgŪfg] &ŷf cfjşglsŝ+ sĕt'+ g ;dŴflt cŴá. g slť wƙ+ klljhĕgftLlt
ædgák'Ƒśdf wƙfÆlt ‘w0 k01-2’ Pj+ j'ų+ Pslƕ s';nfs';n+ wƙ+ s]ĕlrlk k'Ʈná g klljhĕgflt, t]lx ljţf±)ëlx g
;f±wëtLlt cŴá. cţŶ clelgkftdųflt &k]ŷf ¿kflbcf/ƙ)fg+ clelgkftdų+ cfkfyudgdų+, Ɠųt/álk k'Ʈná
kťljţf±)ëlx cfkfyutf/ƙ)klljhĕggdųtá cţ+ s';nfs';nklljhĕgg+ sĕt'+ g ;ŊþátLlt cŴá.
kťƉ+ ljţf)fg+ ;dgƃ/fkLlt dgáwft'oflk. clk-;Źá r]Ŵ ;lƕůgŴá, t]g g s]þjn+ dgáwft'ofj, ttá
k/]lxlk kťƀfl/sljţf±)ëlx tbf/ƙ)kl/oá;fg]lx g lslť s';nfs';n+ wƙ+ klljhĕgftLlt codŴá blƧtált ux]tƑá.
lsťflk kťƀf/] s';nfs';nfbLlg hjgflg pƍşlƃ, tyflk tflg dá#k'Ǝþflg ljo cƑáxfl/sĕgLlt bŪƑflg. g slť
Ol/ofky+ sƍ]tLltcfbL;'lk P;]j goá. g lx kťƀfl/sljţf±)ëlx udgfbL;' slť Ol/ofky+ sƍ]lt, g sĕojrLsƙ+
kŪk]lt, g ljţƸų jf ;d'Ūfk]lt, g s';nfs';n+ wƙ+ ;dflbolt, g nálsonás'ų/+ ;dfƸw ;dfkşlt, g ttá j'Ūflt, g
ejtá rjlt, g ejƃ/] pƍşlt, ;Ƒƕ]t+ lsŝ+ dgáƀfl/slrų]g]j xált. oyf r]t];+ Ptflg lsŝflg glŴ, Pj+
lgofdáŊþdgfbLlglk. g lx s]ĕlr kťƀfl/shjg]lx ldŞųlgofd+, ;ƙųlgofd+ jf cáŊþdlt, g r]tflg gfd±uëfų+ jf
sl;)flbkţƸų jf ltnŋ)fƸb jf cf/ư ejlƃ. g ;'ktLltcfbL;' ;Ƒ]lx kťƀfl/slrų]lx g lgŹ+ cáŊþdlt, g lslť
;'lkg+ kƧlt. lgŹfoƃƧ lx OlƇo];' dxfkbLkt'l/o;Źflbcáńfl/s]þlxlk ¿kflbkťf/ƙ±)ëlx #lũt];' k&d+ kťƀfl/sĕlg
cfjşgflg ejś+ cfjũ]t'+ g ;Ŋþálƃ, dgáƀfl/sd]j cfjşg+ ;Ŋþált, tlƨť pƍƉ] dgáƀfl/shjg+ hljŷf ejś+
cát/lt. b'ltojf/] kg kťƀfl/scfjşg];' o+ lslť oyf/x+ ejś+ cfjũ]lt, ttá tbf/ƙ)kl/oá;fgflg
t+t+ƀfl/sjLlylrųflg oyfŊþd+ kjlųŷf ejś+ cát/lƃ. tltojf/] kg dgáƀfl/sĕjşghjgflg kjųlƃ, tƸƨ v±)ë
¿kflbkťf/ƙ)jjŴfg+ xált, ;ųá r lgŹfo kla'źált, Pj+ dgáƀfl/slrų]g]j kla'Ţlt.
;'lkglƕ lx t]g]j kƧlt, g kťƀfl/s]þg, tť kg]t+ ;'lkg+ kƧƃá rt"lx sĕ/±)ëlx kƧlt wft'ŋ]ĕetá jf
cg'e"tk'Ƒtá jf b]jták;+xf/tá jf k'Ƒlgldųtá jf. Od];+ kg ;+;Ʈ;lƉkfttálk ax'wf kkť]lƃ. tŴ o+
jftlkųflbwft'ŋ]ĕetá, cg'e"tk'Ƒtá r ;'lkg+ kƧlt, g t+ ;ŝ+. o+ b]jták;+xf/tá kƧlt, t+ ;ŝ+ jf xált clns+þ jf.
s'źf lx b]jtf ljk/Ltlƕ sŷf bƧ]lƃ. o+ k'Ƒlgldųtá kƧlt, t+ Psƃ;ŝd]j aálw;ųs]ĕ;n/fhĕbLg+
kť;áń;dxf;'lkgflg ljo. tť kg]t+ rt'lƑw+ ;'lkg+ ;]vk'y'şgfj kƧlƃ, g c;]vf kxLgljkƟf;ųf. Ƹs kg]t+ kƧƃá
;'ųá kƧlt kla'źá jfĠ lsť]Ŵ, olb ;'ųá kƧlt, ;'lkgƧ s';nflb;efjtá, ejśƧ r tbefjf clewƙlj/á±wëf
cfkşlt. cy kla'źá, ;'lkg+ kƧƃ]g stƧ cƑáxfl/sƧflk jLltŊþdƧ ;Ƒáxfl/sƧ]j Psƃ;fjşųf cgfklų g l;oflt
ljgolj/á±wëf cfkşlt. ksĕ/ƃ/á r glŴ, o]g ;'lkg+ kƧ]Ɯflt ;'lkgƧ cefjáj cfkştLltĠ gfkşlt. sƨfĠ oƨf
slkldźk/]tá kƧlt æslkldźk/]tá ±vëf, dxf/fh, ;'lkg+ kƧtLÆlt ‘ld0k05=3=5’ jrgtá, of kg lgŹf dŊþlgŹf
ljo k'gƍ'g+ s';nflblrųjálsŰųf nx'kl/jųf, t+ slkldź+, t]g ;'ųá ;'lkg+ kƧlt, tƨf ;'lkgá s';nálk xált
cs';nálk, cfjşgtbf/ƙ)j;]g cƓfstálk, ;'lkg] r st+ s';nfs';nb'Ƒntfo kl;Ƹƈ cfslŬt'+ g ;Ŋþált, kjų]
j]bgLo+ kg xált. æofyfjsjŴ'ljefjgf kţfÆlt PŴ oá kťƉ+ ljţf)fg+ oyfj'ųá g x]t'sŪá, cx]t'sŪá»k]0 g
;'lkg+ kƧgŪá, ;á ofyfjŪá, t+t+ofyfjŴ'+ ljefj]tLlt ofyfjsjŴ'ljefjgf kţf. Pj+ Pslj±wëg `f)jŴ"lt Pj+ j'ų]g
Ps]þg ksĕ/]g Ps]þg cfsĕ/]g, Pss]ĕŪf;]g `f)jŴ' xátLlt.
Pss+þ lglŪt+.
b's]þ;' cŴhĕlksĕlt PŴ cŴkl;lƘbfljeś] j'ų];' kť;' cŴ];' oyfg'¿k+ cŴ+ hĕk]lt hg]lt kjų]tLlt cŴhĕlksĕ,
rt'e"dss';nlrų];' r]j c;]vfg+ cleţf;dfkųLg+ kl/sƙflbe"tsĕdfjr/lsl/oflrų];' r ;ƕo'ųf kţf. tf;' lx oƨf
s';n;ƕo'ųfj kţf cųgá cųgá e"ldkl/ofkƉ+ ljkfs;řft+ cŴ+ hĕk]lt hg]lt. sĕdfjr/lsl/of;ƕo'ųf kg
kl/sƙflbe"tf cleţf;dfklųlsl/of c/xųmþn;řft+ cŴ+ hĕk]lt hg]lt, tƨf Ptf cŴhĕlksĕlt j'ųf. cŪsyf;' kg
111
kflńo+ cj'ųflk tL;' e"dL;' lsl/ohjgkţf cgƃ/flbkŝoj;]g cųgá cgƃ/+ lsl/oŴ+ hĕk]tLlt æcŴhĕlksĕÆŷ]j j'ųf.
hĕlktŴf kţflt ;xhĕt+ ljkfsŴ+ hĕk]ŷf l&tf, cųgá jf sĕ/±)ëlx hĕlktf hlgtf kjlųtf ;olƕ cŴe"tflt hĕlktŴf.
rt'e"dsljkfs]þ;' r lsl/ofleţf;dfkųL;' r ;ƕo'ųf kţf. cŪsyf;' kg kflńo+ cj'ųf ;];lsl/of;ƕo'ųflk kţf
oyf;s+þ sĕ/±)ëlx hĕlktf, ;oť cŴe"tflt æhĕlktŴfÆŷ]j j'ųf. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j.
b's+þ lglŪt+.
lts]þ;' kg lrƃfdolųs]þ k/tá clbƩf c;'ŷfj cųgá wƙtfo æPj+ ;lt Pj+ eljƧtLÆlt Pj+
lrƃfdocg'a'lźof pƍflbtf cgjşsƙfotgl;ƍfotgljşĕŪfg];' kţf r]j sƙƧst`f)+, ;ŝfg'nálds`f)ť lrƃfdof gfd
kţf. tŴ jŬlssƙk'Ǝþ%ūssƙflb xLgť]j sl;jfl)şĕlb pŊþŪť sƙd]j sƙfotg+. gńsĕ/k];sĕ/l;ƍflb xLgť]j
d'Źfu)gfn]vflb pŊþŪť l;ƍd]j l;ƍfotg+. gfudůnkl/ųflb wlƙsljşĕj ljşĕŪfg+. t];' lrƃfan]g]j pƍƉf kţf.
aálw;ųfboá lx ;ųlxtfo clbŪ+ c;'t+ t+t+cgjşsƙl;ƍtb'ks/)s/)ƍsĕ/ť `f)an]g lrƃ]ŷf lgƎþfb]lƃ.
gfudůnkl/ųflbljşlƕ pƍfb]lƃ, Pj+ stflglk tflg k'Ƒ] pƮlŲŷf s/áƃ]lx stl;ƍ;lb;fg]j xálƃ. sƙƧst`f)+ gfd
s';nsƙ+ ;ųfg+ ;s+þ, cs';n+ gá ;slƃ Pj+ hĕggkţf. cy jf s';nsƙd]j ;ųfg+ ;s+þ tbfoŴj'lųtfo, gfţlƃ Pj+
hĕggkţflk. ;ŝfg'nálds+þ `f)lƃ ljkƧgf`f)+. t+ lx dƮ;ŝƧ k/dŴ;ŝƧ cg'nádgtá æ;ŝfg'náldsÆlƃ j'ŝlt.
Oblƕ lx `f)ƀo+ k/tá c;'ŷf lrƃfan]g pƍflbt+ lrƃfdo`f)d]j xált. Obť g o];+ s]þ;lť ;ųfg+ pƍşlt,
cleţftfg+ kg k'ţjƃfg+ dxf;ųfgd]j pƍşlt. tŴflk ;ŝfg'nálds`f)+ klŞdeljsĕg+ lƀƉţ]j aálw;ųfg+ pƍştLlt
j]lbtƑ+. ;'tdof kţflt k/tá ;'ŷf ;'tj;]g pƍflbtf oyfj'ųsƙfotgflbkţfj. k/tá c;'ŷf kg sƙfotgflb
k/]g slo/dfg+, st+ jf lbƩf pƮx]ŷf jf klnźflk kţf æ;'tdofÆŷ]j j'ŝlt. tb'eoflk lrƃfdof, ;'tdof r
sĕdfjr/fj. efjgfdof kg kţf lrƃfdoj;]g, ;'tdoj;]g jf kjlųtsĕdfjr/k'ƑefuefjgflgƎþlųof ;d'ƍƉf
dxƮtnás'ų/hjgkţf.
bfgdolųs]þ b]Ɯwƙkl/ŝfuj;]g kjųf bfgdof, ;Lnk"/)j;]g kjųf ;Lndof, tb'eoflk sĕdfjr/fj.
efjgfdof kg]Ŵ ;dyljkƧgfj;]g kjųf rt'e"dskţf. lgŹ];] kgƧ lsťflk æ;dfkƉƧ kţfÆlt ‘lje0768’ Pj+
dxƮtnás'ų/kţfj j'ųf, tyflk t+ pŊþŪj;]g j'ų+. sĕdfjr/fg+ kg k'Ƒefuefjgfg+, cg'Ƨltpkrf/efjgfgť
efjgfdo] ;śxált bŪƑ+. k'l/dlųs]þ kg]tf;+ lrƃfdo] ;ślxtųf efjgfdo] c;śxá, tŴflk efjgfanlgƎþƉfgd]j ;śxá
bŪƑá.
clw;Lnlųs]þ kfltdáŋ;+j/;Ln+ ljkƧgfx]t'ųf ;];;Lntá clws+þ ;Lnlƃ clw;Ln+, tƸƨ ;ƕo'ųf kţf clw;Ln]
kţf. ljkƧgfkflbsĕ kg cŪ ;dfklųoá ;];lrų]lx clwsųf clwlrų+, tƸƨ kţf clwlrų] kţf, lrų;L;]g r]Ŵ ;dflw
lglŹŪá. ;ljkƧgf kg dƮmþnkţf ;];flx clwsųf clwkţf gfd. ;f r clwkţfo kţflt b];gfo ;d/;tfo j'ųf.
;Lnfboá æ;Ln+ lrų+ kţf, clw;Ln+ clwlrų+ clwkţfÆlt kŝ]s+þ b'ljwf xálƃ. t];' k'l/df kť;Lnb;;Lnflg,
jũkflbscŪ;dfklųoá, lgƑ]wefluosƙƧstkţf r oyfŊþd+ xálƃ. t] r wƙf cg'ƍƉ]lk tyfut] aálw;ųfg+,
tfk;kl/Ƒfhsĕg+, rŊþjlų/fhĕbLgť sĕn] kjųlƃ, klŞdf kg j'ųfj;];f pƍƉ] Pj tyfut] ljŴfl/sĕ xálƃ, gá
cg'ƍƉ]lt j]lbtƑá. PŴ r /tgųo] bfgfkrfogflbj;]g, ;/)udg;źƙ;jgflbj;]g r kjųf ljjũ"klgƧoe"tf
s';nwƙflk clw;Lnclwkţf;' ulxtf Pjflt ux]tƑf.
cfos]ĕ;Ɵlųs]þ cfoált jlŬ, ;f cs';nflbcgŴxflgtá, s';nflbcŴ'ƍlųtá r b'ljwf. ckfoált cjlŬ, ;flk
s';nflbcŴxflgtá, cs';nflbcgŴ'ƍlųtá r b'ljwf. t];' s]ĕ;Ɵ+, s';n;efjf kţf. ckfos]ĕ;Ɵ+ kţjtá Pj æPj+
dgl;sĕ/flbƍjlųo+ cjlŬ pƍşlt, jlŬ kl/xfotLÆlt `ŷf tb'eoklklų;Ƙjtá. pkfos]ĕ;Ɵlƃ cŶ pkfoá
cŝfloslsŝfbL;' &fg'ƍlųspkfohĕggkţf, ltljwflk r]tf sĕdfjr/kţflt j]lbtƑf. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j.
lts+þ lglŪt+.
rt'Ŋ]þ;' kg k&d] sƙƧst`f)+ ;ŝfg'nálds+þ `f)ť j'ųd]j, Ow kg &k]ŷf ;ŝfg'nálds`f)+ ;Ƒflk ;f;jf
s';nf kţf sƙƧst`f)lƃ j]lbtƑ+. rt";' d±Ʈë;', mþn];' r kţfj dƮ;dlśƧ `f)+, mþn;dlśƧ `f)ťflt.
;ŝrt'Ŋ]þ cl/odƮmþnkţfj rt";' ;ŝ];' Psklj]wj;]g æb'ŋ] `f)Ælƃcflbgf rt";' &fg];' ulxtf. lsťflk
lx sĕdfjr/`f)lƕ rt";' ;ŝ];' cf/ƙ)j;]g kjųlt, klj]wlsŝj;]g kg Owflwƍ]tųf kflńo+ t+ g ulxtlƃ j]lbtƑ+.
wƙrt'Ŋ]þ dƮmþn];' kţf wƙ] `f)+ gfd. t];' lx dƮ`f)+ tfj rt';ŝwƙfg+ Psklj]wj;]g hĕggtá æwƙ]
`f)Ælƃ j'ŝlt. mþn`f)+ kg lg/áw;ŝj;]g wƙ] `f)lƃ j]lbtƑ+. dƮfg'efjlgƑų+ kg ctLtfgfut];'
;ŝklj]wgo;śx)j;]g kjų+ kŝj]ŋ)`f)+ cƋo] `f)+ gfd. tƧ r o]lx go]lx cl/of ctLtdźfg+ rt';ŝwƙ+ hĕƸg;',
t]lk Odţ]j rt';ŝ+ Pjd]j hĕƸg;', cgfutdźfglƕ hĕlgƧƃLlt Pj+ hĕggj;]g kjlų cfsĕ/á j]lbtƑá. ;/fuflbj;]g
k/lrųkl/Ş]b`f)+ kl/o] `f)+ gfd. wƙƋokl/o`f)flg kg &k]ŷf ;Ƒnálsokţf`f)lƃ ;ƙtųf ;ƙ'ltlƛ `f)lƃ
;ƙ'lt`f)+ gfd.
cfrort'Ŋ]þ sĕdfjr/s';n] kţf cfrofo gá ckrofo. ;f lx r'ltkl;Ƹƈ cflrgált Pj, gá cklrgált.
dƮkţf kg ckrofo gá cfrofo. ¿kf¿ks';nkţf cfrofo r]j ckrofo r. ;f lx ljŋƘgj;]g lsn];] r tƙ"ns]þ
r ljkfswƙ] cklrgált. ;];f cƓfstf kţf g]jfrofo gá ckrofo.
lglƑbfrt'Ŋ]þ ¿kfjr/k&dŢĕgkţf lglƑbfo gá klj]wfo. ;f lx sĕdljj]s]þg kųƑųf lsn];lglƑbfo
kjųlt, cleţfkfbsefj+ kg cƍųtfo g]jfleţfklj]wfo ;+jųlt. rt'ŴŢĕgkţf klj]wfo gá lglƑbfo. ;f lx
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cleţfkfbsefj]gflk cleţfefjƍlųoflk klj]wfo ;+jųlt. k&dŢĕgŋ±)ë Pj gLj/)lglƑƆgųf gá lglƑbfo.
b'ltotltoŢĕgkţf kg ;ádgƧ;xuttfo k&dŢĕg;lƉlƧtf jf cljtŊþtfo rt'ŴŢĕg;lƉlƧtf jf sĕtƑf. dƮkţf kg
lglƑbfo r]j klj]wfo r. PŴ lx rt';ŝklj]wj;]g lglƑbfo r]j]tf;+ %ńleţfƍlųof klj]wfo r ;+jųg+ j]lbtƑ+.
;];f nálsonás'ų/f kţf g]j lglƑbfo gá klj]wfo.
xfgefluort'Ŋ]þ xfg+ ehtLlt xfgeflugL, Pj+ ;];];'lk. lgƑ]±wëflt r]Ŵ cl/od±Ʈëf
tlƉƑųsljkƧgfkfbsųf. lgƑ]weflugLlt rt";'lk &fg];' ¿kf¿ks';nkţfj j'ųf. tflg lx cųgá ;efjf kl/xfloŷf
x]Ūf cá/áx)kŝoe"tf xfgeflugL. pklgŢĕgkŝoe"tf lj;];eflugL, t+ kg ´fglgslƃof anjtfo lj;];+, xfƸg jf
cg'Ƨ'lŊþŷf l&lts]ĕŪfl;sĕ l&lteflugL, cl/odƮkbŪfgljkƧgfkfbse"tfj lgƑ]weflugL r xáƃLlt j]lbtƑf.
rtƧá kl;lƘbflt cŴwƙlg?lųklefgkl;lƘbfj. rtƧá klkbflt b'ŋĕklkbfbƈfleţfboá x]Ūf
j'ųfj. rųfl/ cf/ƙ)fgLlt kl/ųf, kl/ųf/ƙ)fltcflbsĕ x]Ūf j'ųgofj. h/fd/)flbrt'Ŋ]þ;'lk dƮ`f)j;]g]j rtƧá
oáhgf j'ųf. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j.
rt'Ŋ+þ lglŪt+.
kťs]þ;' kg kťlśs]ĕ ;ƙf;dfwLlt kLltmþ/)tf ;'vmþ/)tf r]támþ/)tf cfnásmþ/)tf kŝj]ŋ)lgldųlƃ Pj+
kflńo+ j'ų]lx kťlx `f)ś]lx ;dƉfutá ;dflw. tŴ kLƸt mþ/dfgf pƍştLlt ƀL;' ´fg];' kţf kLltmþ/)tf gfd, ;'v+
mþ/dfgf pƍştLlt tL;' ´fg];' kţf ;'vmþ/)tf gfd. k/];+ r]támþ/dfgf pƍştLlt r]tákl/o`f)+ r]támþ/)tf gfd.
cfnásmþ/±)ë pƍştLlt lbƑrŋ'`f)+ cfnásmþ/)tf gfd. kŝj]ŋ)`f)+ kŝj]ŋ)lgldų+ gfd. PŴ r kLltmþ/)tf,
;'vmþ/)tf r ƀ] kfbf ljo, r]támþ/)tf, cfnásmþ/)tf r ƀ] xŴf ljo, kŝj]ŋ)lgldų+ ;L;+ ljo, cleţfkfbsŢĕg+
dlŢdsĕoá ljo. Olt eujf kťlśs+þ ;ƙf;dfƸw cśkŝś;ƕƉ+ k'l/;+ ljo sŷf bƧ]lt. Oldgf r ;dflwgf cśflg kť
`f)śflg j'ųfgLlt j]lbtƑflg.
kť`fl)s]ĕ ;ƙf;dfwLlt _
æ‚co+ ;dflw kŝ'ƍƉ;'±vëf r]j cfoltť ;'vljkfs]ĕƒlt kŝųţ]j `f)+ pƍşlt, ‚co+ ;dflw
cl/oá lg/fld;áƒlt»k]0 ‚dxfk'l/;;]ljtáƒlt»k]0 ‚;ƃá k)Ltá klkƧlźnźá Ps]ĕlbefjflwutá g
;;řf/lgƮƞjfl/tutáƒlt»k]0 ‚;á ±vëf kgfx+ Od+ ;dfƸw ;táj ;dfkşĕld, ;tá j'ŪxfdLƒlt kŝųţ]j `f)+
pƍştLÆlt ‘lje0804’ _
Pj+ kflńo+ j'ų]lx kťlx kŝj]ŋ)`f±)ëlx o'ųá c/xųmþn;řftá ;dfklųmþn;dflw. ;á Pj+ lx
clƍtlƍtŋ±)ë ;'vųf kŝ'ƍƉ;'±vëf, k'l/dá k'l/dá klŞdƧ klŞdƧ ;dflw;'vƧ r]j cųgf ;d'Ūflktlƕ
k)Lt¿k]g m'þŪ;snsĕotfo mþn;dfklųtá j'lŪtsĕn] cltk)Lt+ sĕoljţf);'vƧ kŝoųf cfoƸt ;'vljkfs]ĕ
pƍşlt, Oldgflk kl/ofo]g cfoƸt ;'vljkfs]ĕlt Ps+þ cś+, lsn];]lx cf/sųf cl/oá
sĕdfld;jũfld;násĕld;fg+ cefjf lg/fld;ált Ps+þ, a'źfbLlx dxfk'l/;]lx ;]ljtųf csĕk'l/;;]lj;ált Ps+þ,
cśf/ƙ±)ë ;ƃtfo, ;Ƒlsn];b/y;ƃtfo r ;ƃá ctƍgLoŪ]g k)Ltá lsn];klkƧlźefjƧ nźųf
klkƧźnźá Ps]ĕlbefj]g r clwutá cƍu');f;j;dflw ljo ;;řf/]g ;ƍoá±uëg kŝgLswƙ] lgƮƞ lsn];]
jf/]ŷf cglwutųf g ;;řf/lgƮƞjfl/tutá. k'ƮnƧfo+ ;dfwLlt Pj+ vL)f;jƧ ;ltj]k'Ɵƍlųof
oyfkl/lŞƉsĕnj;]g Od+ ;dfƸw ;táj ;dfkşlt, pŪxlt rflt Psdślƃ Od]lx kťlx cś]lx ;Ƒfsĕ/tá
o'ųųf ækť`fl)s]ĕ ;ƙf;dfwLÆlt j'ŝlt.
kťs+þ lglŪt+.
%Ŋ]þ %;' cleţf;' kţflt Olźlj±wë `f)+, lbƑ;átwft'of `f)+, r]tákl/o] `f)+, k'Ƒ]lgjf;fg'Ƨlto+ `f)+,
r't"kkft] `f)+, cf;jfg+ vo] `f)lƃ Pj+ j'ųflg %ńleţflrų;ƕo'ųflg `f)flg. t];' klŞd+ nás'ų/+, ;];flg
¿kfjr/kťdŢĕlgsĕgLlt.
%Ŋ+þ lglŪt+.
;ųs]þ ;ų;ųlt `f)jŴ"gLlt æcljşĕkŝof ;řf/fÆlt kŝj]ŋ)`f)+ Ps+þ, æc;lt cljşĕo glŴ ;řf/fÆlt
Pslƃ ƀ] `f)flg, Pj+ ctLt]lk ƀ], cgfut]lk ƀ]lt %, t+ %lƑwlƕ `f)+ ævowƙÆlƃcflbgf kŝj]ŋ)`f±)ëg ;Ƹź ;ų
`f)flg. Pj+ ;];];'lk hĕltkl/oá;fg];' rflt Pj+ Psĕb;;' klŝ;d'ƍfbś];' kŝ]s+þ sĕnųo]lk cƋoƓlt/]s`f)+ t];+
jobƧg`f)Ƨ r j;]g ;ų ;ų sŷf ;ų;ųlt `f)flg.
;ųs+þ lglŪt+.
cŪs+þ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j.
gjs]þ gj;' cg'k'Ƒljxf/;dfkųL;' kţflt lg/áw;dfkƸų ;dfkşƃƧ cg'klkflof ljxftƑtá pƍfb]tƑtá
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cg'k'Ƒljxf/;řftf;' ¿kf¿k;dfkųL;' ;ƕo'ųf cŪ kţf r]j tbgƃ/+ lg/áw+ m'þl;ŷf j'lŪtƧ lg/áw+ ;ƃtá
kŝj]ŋ)`f)ťflt gj.
gjs+þ lglŪt+.
b;s]þ tyfutƧflt oyf ljkƧLcfboá k'Ƒsĕ O;oá cfutf, tyf cfutƧ ;ƙf;Ɨ'źƧ. tyfutanfgLlt cţ]lx
c;fwf/)flg tyfutƧ]j anflg, oyf jf k'Ƒa'źfg+ anflg k'ţ'Ƨo;ƕlųof cfutflg, tyf cfutflg anfgLltlk cŴá.
tŴ b'ljw+ tyfutƧ an+ sĕoan+, `f)anť. t];' sĕoan+ xlŴs'nfg';f/]g j]lbtƑ+. j'ų+ x]t+ ká/f±)ëlx _
æsĕńfjsť uś]Ɯ+, ků/+ tƗlkśn+.
uƈdśnx]dť, pká;y%Źlƃd] b;fÆltĶ ‘lje0cŪ0760 d0lg0cŪ01=148 ;+0lg0cŪ02=2=22
c0lg0 10=21 pbf0cŪ075 a'0j+0cŪ01=39 kl0d0cŪ02=2=44 r"ńlg0cŪ081’.
Odflg lx b; xlŴs'nflg. tŴ sĕńfjslƃ ksltxlŴs'n+, o+ b;Ɖ+ k'l/;fg+ sĕoan+, t+ PsƧ sĕńfjsxlŴgá
an+, o+ t];+ b;Ɖ+ an+, t+ PsƧ uś]ƜƧ, t];+ b;Ɖ+ ků/Ƨ, t];+ b;Ɖ+ tƗƧ, t];+ b;Ɖ+ lkśnƧ, t];+ b;Ɖ+
uƈxlŴgá, t];+ b;Ɖ+ dśnƧ, t];+ b;Ɖ+ x]dƧ, t];+ b;Ɖ+ pká;yƧ, t];+ b;Ɖ+ an+ %ŹƃƧ, o+ b;Ɖ+ %Źƃfg+ an+, t+
tyfutƧ gf/fo)anlƃ j'ŝlt. tb]t+ ksltxlŴu)gfo xŴLg+ s]ĕl;xƧ+, k'l/;u)gfo b;Ɖ+ k'l/;s]ĕl;xƧfg+ an+
xált. Ob+ tfj tyfutƧ sĕoan+. oflg kg b;anrt'j];f/şĕbLlg cg]sĕlg `f);xƧflg, Pt+ `f)an+ gfd. Owflk
`f)and]j clwƍ]t+. `f)lŤ cslƕoŪ]g, pkŴƘgŪ]g r anlƃ j'ų+.
o]lx an]lx ;dƉfutált o]lx b;lx `f)an]lx pk]tá. cf;eŮfglƃ ;]ŪŪfg+. clkr uj;th]Ūs]ĕ p;eá,
uj;xƧh]Ūs]ĕ j;eá. jh;th]Ūs]ĕ jf p;eá, jh;xƧh]Ūs]ĕ j;eá, ;Ƒuj;]Ūá lg;eá, ;]tá kf;flbs]ĕ dxfef/jxá
;Ƒkl/Ƨo;xá c;lg;t;Ź]lxlk csƕgLoá lg;eá, ;á Ow p;eált clwƍ]tá. Oblƕ lx tƧ kl/ofojrg+. p;eƧ
Oblƃ cf;e+. &fglƃ tƧ lg;ean;dƉfutƧ rt"lx kfb]lx kyƸj pƍLń]ŷf crnŪfg+, Ob+ kg cf;e+ ljoflt cf;e+.
o±yëj lx lg;e;řftá p;eá p;ean]g ;dƉfutá rt"lx kfb]lx kyƸj pƍLń]ŷf crnŪfg]g ltŪlt, Pj+ tyfutálk lx
b;an;dƉfutá rt'j];f/şkfb]lx cŪkl/;kyƸj pƍLń]ŷf ;b]js]þ nás]þ s]þglr cƍw+l;oá crn]g &fg]g ltŪlt, tť];
klhĕgflt pkuŞlt g kŝŋĕlt cųlg cf/ák]lt, t]g j'ų+ æcf;e+ &fg+ klhĕgftLÆlt ‘lje0760’.
kl/;f;"lt cŪ;' kl/;f;'. ;Lxgfb+ gbtLlt ;]Ūgfb+ ceLtgfb+, ;Lxgfb;lb;+ jf gfb+ gblt. codŴá
;Lxgfb;'ų]g bLk]tƑá. oyf jf ;Lxá ;xgtá r xggtá r æ;LxáÆlt j'ŝlt, Pj+ tyfutálk náswƙfg+ ;xgtá,
k/ƍjfbfgť xggtá æ;LxáÆlt j'ŝlt, tƧ gfb+ gblt.
ƔƪrŊþlƃcfbL;' Ɣƪlƃ pųd+ lj;'ź+. rŊþ-;Źá kgfo+ ærųfl/dflg, leŋj], rŊĕlg, o]lx ;dƉfutfg+
b]jdg'ƧfgÆlƃcfbL;' ‘c0lg0 4=31’ ;ƕlųo+ lbƧlt. ækfbtn];' rŊĕlg hĕtfgLÆltcfbL;' ‘bL0 lg02=35 3=204
d0lg02=386’ nŋ±)ë. ærŊ+þj jxtá kbÆlƃ ‘w0k0 1’ PŴ /yś]. ært'rŊ+þ gjƀf/Ælƃ ‘;+0lg0 1=29’ PŴ
Ol/ofk±yë. ærŊ+þ kjųo ;Ƒkfl)gÆlƃ ‘hĕ01=7=149’ PŴ bfg]. ælbƑ+ rŊþ/tg+ kft'/xá;LÆlt ‘bL0lg03=85’ PŴ
/tgrŊ]þ. æOŞfxtƧ ká;Ƨ, rŊ+þ edlt dŴs]þÆlt ‘hĕ01=1=104 1=5=103’ PŴ p/rŊ]þ. æv'/kl/oƃ]g r]lk
rŊ]þgfÆlt ‘bL0lg01=166’ PŴ kx/)rŊ]þ. æc;lgrŊþÆlƃ ‘bL0lg0 3=61 ;+0lg0 2=162’ PŴ c;lgdůn]. ædof
kjlųt+ rŊþÆlƃ ‘;'0 lg0562’ PŴ wƙrŊ]þ. Ow kg wƙrŊ]þ kjųlt.
wƙrŊþť b'ljw+ xált klj]w`f)ť b];gf`f)ť. tŴ kţfkefljt+ cųgá cl/omþnfjx+ nás'ų/+ klj]w`f)+,
s?)fkefljt+ ;fjsĕg+ cl/omþnfjx+ sĕdfjr/+ b];gf`f)+, peolƕ kg]t+ cţ]lx c;fwf/)+ a'źfgţ]j cá/;`f)+, t+
kjų]lt pƍfb]lt ljefj]lt ljŴfl/s+þ s/átLlt cŴá.
Obflg oflg b; `f)flg cflbtá ætyfutanfgLÆlt lglŋųflg, tflg ljŴf/]t'+ æstdflg b;Ġ Ow
tyfutáÆltcflbdfx. tŴ &fgť &fgtált sĕ/)ť sĕ/)tá. sĕ/)+ lx oƨf tŴ mþn+ ltŪlt tbfoųj'lųtfo pƍşlt
r]j kjųlt r, tƨf &fglƃ j'ŝlt. cŪfgť cŪfgtált csĕ/)ť csĕ/)tá. oƕLlt o]g `f±)ëg oyfe"t+ khĕgflt,
Oblƕ &fgf&fg`f)+ tyfutƧ tyfutan+ gfd xátLlt cŴá. Pj+ pkl/lk ;ƑŴ oáhgf j]lbtƑf. sy+ kg]Ŵ eujf
&fgť &fgtá, cŪfgť cŪfgtá oyfe"t+ khĕgftLltĠ cŪfgd]t+ cgjsĕ;á, o+ lblŪ;ƕƉá k'Ʈná slť ;řf/+ lgŝtá
pkuŞ]Ɯ»k]0 slť wƙ+ cųtá pkuŞ]Ɯ, dft/+ hËljtf já/ák]Ɯ, lkt/+»k]0 c/xƃ+ hËljtf já/ák]Ɯ, kb'Ūlrų]g
tyfutƧ nálxt+ pƍfb]Ɯ, ;Ŝ+ leƆ]Ɯ, cţ+ ;Ŵf/+ plŹ;]Ɯ, cŪd+ ej+ lgƑų]Ɯ, g]t+ &fg+ ljşlt, k'y'şgá kg]t+ ;Ƒ+
s/]Ɯflt &fgd]t+ ljştLlt khĕgflt, tyf o+ PlsƧf náswft'of ƀ] c/xƃá ;ƙf;Ɨ'źf ck'Ƒ+ crl/d+ pƍş]Ɯ'+, tyf ƀ]
/fhĕgá rŊþjųL pƍş]Ɯ'+, g]t+ &fg+ ljşlt, Ps]ĕ kg pƍşlt, &fgd]t+ ljştLlt khĕgflt, tyf o+ sĕob'ŝl/tfbLg+ ltŰ+
b'ŝl/tfg+ OŪá ljkfs]ĕ, ;'rl/tfgť clgŪá ljkfs]ĕ lgƑų]Ɯflt g]t+ &fg+ ljşlt, tlƑk/Ltá kg g];+ ljkfs]ĕ lgƑų]Ɯflt
&fgd]t+ ljştLlt, o] o] wƙf o];+ o];+ wƙfg+ x]t" kŝof pƍfbfo, t+ t+ &fg+, Ot/] cŪfglƃ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt, PŴ
kgfo+ ;ř]ktá cŪsyfljlgŞoá. æ;'vtá pkuŞ]ƜfÆlt Ob+ æPsƃ;'vL cųfÆltcflbgf ‘d0lg03=27’ lblŪljkƟf;j;]g
;'vtá ufx+ ;ƈfo j'ų+, ;ţflrųljkƟf;j;]g kg cl/o;fjs]ĕlk lsn];kl/ńfxflee"tá dųxlŴkl/tfl;tá ljo, ;'lrsĕdá
u"ys"þk+ ljo slť ;řf/+ ;'vtá pkuŞlt, cųtá pkudgjf/] sl;)flbkŰlųof, lgƑfgƧ r ;śŲgŴ+ æ;řf/Ælƃ cjŷf
æslť wƙÆlƃ j'ų+.
dft/lƃcfbL;' lsťflk cl/o;fjs]ĕ ;L;Ş]b+ kfk')ƃálk s'ƅlslklƟs+þ pkfbfo kf)fltkft+, clbƉfbfgfbL;' jf
o+lslť b'ŝl/t+ ckfox]t'e"t+ sĕt'+ ejƃ/]lk g ;Ŋþált, k'y'şgefjƧ kg dxf;fjştfbƧgŴd]Ŵ kťfgƃl/ofg]j
pźflg. ;fjşá lx k'y'şgefjá, oŶ lx gfd cfgƃl/oflglk sl/ƧtLlt. PŴ r dg'Ƨe"tƧ]j dg'Ƨe"t+ hlgs+þ dft/+,
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lkt/+ jf clk kl/jųlnś+ hËljtf já/ák]ƃƧ sƙ+ cfgƃl/o+ xált. lt/Şfge"t+ kg dft/+, lkt/+ jf ;o+ jf
lt/Şfge"tá dg'Ƨe"t+, lt/Şfge"t+ jf hËljtf já/ák]ƃá cfgƃl/o+ g m'þ;lt, sƙ+ kg efl/o+, cfgƃl/o+ cfxŝ]j
ltŪlt. c/xƃlƕ dg'Ƨe"td]j #ft]ƃá cfgƃl/o+ m'þ;lt. tƧ r k'y'şgsĕn] kxf/+ bŷf c/xų+ kŷf tƸƨ t]g]j /á±uëg
dt]lk c/xƃ#fts]ĕ xált, g oŋe"t+ c/xƃ+, ;];cl/ok'Ʈn] jf dg'Ƨe"t]lk #ft]ƃá, sƙ+ kg cfgƃl/o;lb;+ xált. o+
kg k'y'şgsĕn] lbƉ+ bfg+ c/xų+ kŷf kl/e'ŧlt, k'y'şgƧ]j t+ lbƉ+ xált, ;];cl/ok'Ʈn] df/]ƃƧ cfgƃl/o+ glŴ, sƙ+
kg u?s+þ xált. PŴ r Pńsĕlbrt'Ŋ+þ j]lbtƑ+ _ æPńs+þ df/]dLÆlt lx cle;lƈgf PńsŪfg] lgkƉ+ dft/+, lkt/+,
c/xƃ+ jf df/]ƃá cfgƃl/o+ m'þ;lt, Pńsĕle;lƈgf jf dftflbcle;lƈgf jf Pńs+þ df/]ƃá cfgƃl/o+ g m'þ;lt,
dftflbcle;lƈgf t] Pj df/]ƃá m'þ;t]j. P; goá rá/rt'ŊĕbL;'lk.
nálxt'ƍfb] tyfutƧ ce]şsĕotfo s'źlrųƧ k/Ƨ pkŊþd]g rƙŞ]bá, nálxtkŔ/)+ jf glŴ, b]jbų]g kg
kljźl;nftá lelşŷf ut;ŋlnsƍxf/]g ljo ;/L/Ƨ cƃáo]j PsƸƨ &fg] oyf v'lŹsdlŋsĕlkjgdųlƕ nálxt+ lj;d+
;dá;/lt, tyf s/áƃƧ cfgƃl/o+ xált, g kg hËjsƧ]j d'b'lrų]g b'Ūnálxt+ gLxl/ŷf mþf;'s+þ s/áƃƧ k'ţd]j kgƧ
xált, kl/lgƑ't] eujlt r]lto+ leƆƃƧ, aáƸw l%ƆƃƧ, wft";' pkŊþdƃƧ r cfgƃl/o+ g xált, sƙ+ kg
cfgƃl/o;lb;+ xált. aálw?ŋƧ kg y"k+ jf ;wft's+þ kld+ jf afwodfg+ ;fv+, r]ltojŴ'+ lelƆŷf uŞƃ+ aálwd"nť
l%lƆŷf xl/t'+ jũlt. ;r]lk ;fvfo lgnLgf ;s')f r]lto] jŝ+ kft]lƃ, l%lƆt'+ jũlt. kl/eáur]ltotá lx
;/L/r]ltod]j dxƃt/+. wft'lgwfg/lxt+ kldf#/+ jf aálw#/+ jf af±wëƃ+ ;fv+ l%lƆt'+ g jũlt, cáh]ĕx/);fv+, kgƧ
k"ltŪfg+ jf l%lƆt'+ jũlt, ;/L/klhƮg] ljo k'ţd]j xált.
;Ŝe]b] ;dfg;+jf;;Ldfo ;dfg;+jf;s]þ ;Ŝ] Pstá l&t] lj;'+ jƮ;Ŝ+ ux]ŷf kťlx sĕ/±)ëlx ;Ŝ+ leƆƃƧ
;Ŝe]bá xált cfgƃl/osƙť. j'ų+ x]t+ ækťlx, pkfln, cfsĕ/]lx ;Ŝá leşlt. std]lx kťlxĠ sƙ]g pŹ];]g
jáx/ƃá cg'Ƨfjg]g ;nfsƮfx]gfÆlt ‘kl/0458’. tŴ sƙ]gflt cknásgfbL;' rt";' cţt/]g sƙ]g. pŹ];]gflt
kfltdáŋ'Ź];]g. jáx/ƃá syoƃá tflx tflx pkkųLlx æcwƙ+ wƙáÆltcfbLlg cŪf/; e]bs/jŴ"lg bLk]ƃá.
cg'Ƨfjg]gflt ægg' t'ƛ] hĕgfy dƞ+ ax'Ƨ'tflbefj+, sy+ lx gfd dflb;á pźƙ+ plƑgo+ ;Ŵ';f;g+ ufx]Ɯ, lsdx+ ckfotá
g efofdLÆltcflbgf go]g sŰd"n] jrLe]b+ sŷf cg'Ƨfjg]g. ;nfsƮfx]gflt Pj+ jáxf/fg'Ƨfjg]lx t];+ lrų+ pkŴƘ]ŷf
clgjlųwƙ+ sŷf æuŲy Od+ ;nfsÆlƃ ;nfsƮfx]g.
PŴ r sƙd]j pŹ];á jf kdf)+, jáxf/fg'Ƨfjg;nfsƮfxf kg k'Ƒefuf. t];' lgƎþƉ];'lk cleƉáj xált
;Ŝá. obf kg jáxf/fg'Ƨfjg]lx rųf/á jf clt/]s]þ jf leŋ" ;nfs+þ ufx]ŷf jƮ+ ;Ŝ+ ux]ŷf lj;'+ sƙ+ jf pŹ];+ jf
s/ált, tbf ;Ŝá leƉá gfd xált. ce]bk'/]ŋĕ/Ƨ kg ;dƮ;ţfo jũlt. ;dƮ;ţfo lx s/áƃƧ g]j e]bá xált, g
cfgƃl/o+, tyf ttá ögkl/;fo s/áƃƧ. j'ų+ x]t+ æPstá, pkfln, rųf/á xálƃ Pstá rųf/á, gjdá
cg'Ƨfj]tLÆltcflb ‘r"ńj0351’.
Od];' kg kť;' cfgƃl/o];' ;Ŝe]bá jrLsƙ+, ;];flg sĕosƙflg, ;Ƒfg]j ±vëf tflg sĕoƀf/tálk jrLƀf/tálk
;d'Ūxlƃ. ;Ŝe]bálk lx xŴd'Źfo e]b+ s/áƃƧ sĕoƀf/tálk ;d'Ūflt, ;Ŝe]bá r]Ŵ sƍlŪltoá. sƍljgf;] Pj lx
;Ŝe]btá d'ŝlt, ;];fg+ kg tyf lgodá glŴ. o]g r kťk]tflg sƙflg stflg xálƃ, tƧ ;Ŝe]báj lg/o] ljkŝlt,
;];flg æcxál; sƙ+ gfxál; sƙljkfs]ĕÆlt PjdfbL;' ;Ś+ uŞlƃ. ;Ŝe]bfefj] nálxt'ƍfbá, tbefj] c/xƃ#ftá
tbefj] dft'#ftá, lkt'#ftá jf, tlƨlƕ ;Ln;ƕƉt/]. k'l/dflg r]Ŵ rųfl/ ;Ƒ];+ uxŪkƑlhtfg+ ;fwf/)flg, ;Ŝe]bá
kg kstųƧ leŋ'gáj, c;fwf/±)ëf cţ];+, leŋ'gLlk lx ;Ŝ+ g leƆlt, k±uëj Ot/]. kťlk r]tflg b'ŋj]bgf;ƕo'ųflg,
bá;d"nflg rflt j]lbtƑflg.
cŪd+ ej+ lgƑų]Ɯflt PŴ cl/o;fjsƧ cŪdejfux)+ s]þg lgofldtlƃĠ ljkƧgfo. oƧ lx ;f ltŋĕ, ;á
Ps+þ Pj ej+ lgƑlųŷf c/xų+ kŷf PsaLhË gfd xált. oƧ dƆf, ;á b'lto]»k]0 %Ū] jf ej] c/xų+ kŷf s]ĕn+s]ĕná
gfd xált. oƧ kg cltdƆf, ;á ;ųd+ ej+ gfltŊþdlt, tŴ lgod]g c/xų+ kfk'l)ŷf ;ųŋų'k/dá gfd xált. ;r]lk
lxƧ ;ųd] ej] lgŹ+ cáŊþƃƧ dŴs]þ c;lg jf kƑts"þá jf kt]Ɯ, tlƨlƕ sĕn] c/xų+ kŷfj kl/lgƑflt. pųds]ĕlof
lx ;ųdejfgltŊþdgţ]j ;ƈfo]j ælgotá ;Ɨálwk/fo±)ëfÆlt ‘d0lg01=66 2=169 ;+0lg0 5=998’ j'ųált.
PlsƧf náswft'of ƀ] c/xƃá ;ƙf;Ɨ'źfltcfbL;' b;;xƧrŊþjfń;řft+ hĕlt±vëų+ Psĕ náswft' gfd
cf)flj;o±vëų];' a'ź'ƍlų;Řfo Pjfefjtá. tŴ lƀƉ+ a'źfg+ pƍlųkl;]w+ csŷf hĕlt±vëų] Pj stá. &k]ŷf Od+ rŊþjfń+
cţƸƨ rŊþjfń] a'źf g pƍşlƃ a'źųx]t"g+ cgflba'źk/ƕ/fbLg+ tyfefjf. ttá Pj lx ;ųf lg/j;];tá lgƑ'Ƹt g
kfk')lƃ. olb lx ;ƑrŊþjfń];' a'źf pƍş]Ɯ'+, ;Ƒ] ;ųf Otá k'Ƒ] lg/j;];tá lgƑ'Ƹt kfk'±)ëƜ'+, g r t+ clŴ, tƨf
cgflba'źk/ƕ/fo ljjũ"klgƧo;ƕƉfg+ lgjf;e"t] OdƸƨ rŊþjfń] Pj pƍşƃLlt j]lbtƑf. t] r]Ŵflk b'Ɵef, t];+
b'Ɵeųf Pj]Ŵ sƍfg+ c;Ś]Ɯlƕ a'ź'ƍfb/lxt+ xált. olb r t] ;'nef ej]Ɯ'+, PsƸƨ ljjũŪfloc;Ś]Ɯ] rt';lŪa'źfglƕ
pƍlşt'+ ;Ŋĕ ej]Ɯ cƃ/sƍƧ a'źƃ/ųf. eŹsƍ];' r]Ŵ kť a'źf Pj pƍşlƃ. sy+ kg]Ŵflk b'Ɵet/f rŊþjfńƃ/];'
pƍş]Ɯ'+, a'źfgť b'Ɵetf sĕ/)b'Ɵetfo, tƨf Odlƨţ]j rŊþjfń] a'źf pƍşlƃĠ PŴflk g b]jƔƪnás]þ;', dg'Ƨnás]þ Pj
kg pƍşlƃ PŴ]j ;Ƒ;á ltljw;źƙfwf/Ƨ ;Ŝ/tgƧ kft'efjtá, Ot/nás]þ;' lg/j;];tá ksĕ/f;Ƙjtá r.
olb lx a'źf b]jnásĕbL;' pƍş]Ɯ'+, dg'Ƨf eo]g pk;Řldt'd]j g ;Ŋþálƃ, k±uëj wƙ;jgkƑşĕƸb sĕt'+, t]g]j
cƛfs+þ aálw;ųá cųgá ¿ksĕofg'efjflb;ƕlųof pƍƉcdg'Ƨ;Řfs't"xn+ hg+ lgŢĕk]t'+ pųfg;]Ɯsĕlblgofd]g jlŬŷf
bf/kl/ƮxfƸb csĕl;, Pj+ sŷf kƑlhtlƕ g+ /fhux] lkůfo kljl;ŷf kůjkƑtkƧ] lg;Llbŷf lkůkft+ kl/e'ŧƃ+
lalƗ;f/á gfgƍsĕ/tá dg'Ƨefj+ ljlrlgŷfj pk;Řldt'+ lj;lx, gá cţyf. náslgŴf/)Ŵfo lx a'źf pƍşlƃ, g cųgá
;Ŋĕ/flbcŴfo, tƨf dg'Ƨ];' Pj pƍşƃLlt j]lbtƑá. tŴflk OdƸƨ hƗ'bLk] Pj, tŴflk OdƸƨ dlŢdkb];] Pj. g
115
s]þjnť a'źfj, kŝ]sa'źf, cƮ;fjsdxf;fjsĕ r rŊþjlųcfboá r cţ]lk k'ţjƃ;ųf PŴ]j pƍşlƃ.
ck'Ƒ+ crl/dlƃ PŴ dft's'lŞƸƨ kl;lƈƮx)tá k'/] k'Ƒ+ gfd, wft'cƃ/wfgtá kŞf rl/d+ gfd, pleƉdƃ/f
ck'Ƒ+ crl/d+ gfd. PŴƃ/] cţƧ a'źƧ pƍlų lgjfl/tf, wft'cƃ/wfg] kg hĕt] cţƧ pƍlų g lgjfl/tf. lsťflk g
lgjfl/tf, cƃ/sƍ+ kg ±vëk]ŷfj pƍşƃLlt j]lbtƑ+.
kť lx cƃ/wfgflg gfd clwudcƃ/wfg+ klklųcƃ/wfg+ kl/olųcƃ/wfg+ lnścƃ/wfg+
wft'cƃ/wfglƃ. tŴ clwudált dƮmþnfleţfkl;lƘbfoá, ;á kl/xfodfgá kl;lƘbftá kŪfo kl/xfolt.
kl/lgƑfgtá lx jƧ;xƧd]j kl;lƘbf lgƑų]t'+ ;Ŋþálƃ, ttá k/+ cleţf, tflk lgƑų]t'+ c;Ŋþáƃf ;'ŋljkƧsvL)f;jf
xálƃ, ttá cgfufldgá, ttá ;sbfufldgá, ;átfkƉf r xálƃ, t];' w/ƃ];'lk clwudá cgƃ/lxtáj xált, klŞdsƧ kg
;átfkƉƧ hËljtŋo]g clwudá cƃ/lxtá gfd xált. Ob+ clwudcƃ/wfg+.
ttá dƮmþnflg lgƑų]t'+ c;Ŋþáƃf æglŴ bflg gá cl/owƙklj]±wëfÆlt ´fgljkƧgf;' já;fg+ cfklşŷf
s]ĕ;şax'nf rt'kfl/;'lź;Lndų+ /ŋƃá cţdţ+ g ráb]lƃ, g ;f/]lƃ, cs'Ŋ'þŝsĕ xálƃ, ttá kŪfo v'Źfg'v'Źsĕlg dŹlƃ,
ttá u?sĕkƸų cfkşlƃ, kf/flhsdųd]j /ŋlƃ, t];' w/ƃ];'lk klklų cgƃ/lxtfj xált, klŞdsƧ kg leŋ'gá
;Lne]b]g jf hËljtŋo]g jf klklų cƃ/lxtf gfd xált. Ob+ klklųcƃ/wfg+ gfd.
kl/oųLlt ;fŪsy+ t]lks+þ a'źjrg+, uŞƃ] uŞƃ] sĕn] cwlƙs]þlx slno'u/fhĕbLlx ljkƉ;Ƨflb;ƕlųtfo
kŝobfosĕ b'Ʈtf xálƃ, leŋ" r kŝo]lx lsndƃf cƃ]jfl;s]þ ux]t'+ g ;Ŋþálƃ. ttá cŪsyf kl/xfolt, kflńj;]g]j
kl/oƸų wf/]lƃ, ttá kfƸń ;sn+ wf/]t'+ g ;Ŋþálƃ, k&d+ clewƙlks+þ kl/xfolt, tťƧ kl/xfog+ dŴstá k&fo.
k&dd]j lx dxfks/)+ kl/xfolt, ttá ods+þ syfjŴ' k'Ʈnkţlų wft'syf ljeśá wƙ;śxá r cg'Ŋþd]g kl/xfolƃ,
ttá dŴstá kŪfo ;'ųƃlks+þ kl/xfolt, k&d+ lx cś'ų/lgsĕoá Psĕb;slgkfttá kŪfo ofjPsslgkftf kl/xfolt,
ttá dŴstá kŪfo ;+o'ųlgsĕoá, k&d+ lx dxfj±Ʈëf kl/xfolt, ttá ;ńfotgj±Ʈëf vƈsj±Ʈëf lgbfgj±Ʈëf ;ufyfj±Ʈëflt,
Pj+ dlŢdlgsĕobL#lgsĕofboá r dŴstá kŪfo kl/xfolƃ, ttá ljgolksd]j ltŪlt, tlƕ kl/jf/tá kŪfo ofj
dxfljeśf kl/xfolt, ttá pká;yŋƈstá dfltsĕdųd]j wf/]lƃ, tbflk ofj rt'ƍlbsĕlk ufyf dg'Ƨ];' kjųlt, tfj
kl/olų cgƃ/lxtfj xált, tfo cƃ/lxtfo kl/olų cƃ/lxtf gfd xált. Ob+ kl/olųcƃ/wfg+ gfd.
uŞƃ] uŞƃ] sĕn] kųrLj/Ʈx)flbcfsƍ+ g kf;flbs+þ xált, lguŮfboá ljo cnfa'kųfƸb cƮafxfo
klŋlkŷflk cánlƗŷflk l;Ŋĕo cán±Ʈëŷflk ljr/lƃ, rLj//hglƕ g ;f?ƍ+, cáŪlŪsjŰ+ sŷf wf/]lƃ, ttá /hglƕ
cájlũsljŢglƕ g xált, b;f %]ŷf kl/Ƒfhsĕ ljo sĕ;fjdųd]j wf/]lƃ, ttá kl/ŋË±)ë sĕn] v'Źssĕ;fjvů+ xŴ] jf uLjfo
jf alƈŷf sl;sƙfbLlg sŷf bf/e/)fƸb s/álƃ, tbf blŋ)+ b]ƃá hgá ;Ŝ+ plŹƧ Pt];+ b]lt, Ob+ ;ƈfo eujtf j'ų+
æeljƧlƃ ±vëf kgfgƆ, cgfutdźfg+ ±uëfŶe'gá sĕ;fjsŮf b'ƧLnf kfkwƙf, t];' b'ƧLn];' ;Ŝ+ plŹƧ bfg+ bƧlƃ, tbfkx+,
cfgƆ, ;Ŝut+ blŋ)+ c;Ś]Ɯ+ cƍd]Ɯ+ jbfdLÆlt ‘d0lg03=380’. ttá ækkťá P;, Ƹs Oldgf cƛfsÆlƃ t+ sĕ;fjvů+
l%lƆŷf c/ţ] lvklƃ, PtƸƨ sĕn] lnś+ cƃ/lxt+ gfd xált. Ob+ lnścƃ/wfg+ gfd.
ttá tŴ tŴ ;Ŋĕ/;ƙfg+ cnedfgf wft'oá a'źfg+ clwŪfgan]g ;Ŋĕ/;ƙfgnưdfgsŪfg+ uldƧlƃ, ttá ;ƑŴ
cnedfgf ;Ƒwft'oá dxfaálwdůd]j uldƧlƃ. ;f;kdųflk lx wft' g cƃ/f glƧƧlt, tf kg aálwdů] kƟŘ]g
lgl;Ɖa'ź;/L/l;Ƹ/, odskflxfl/oť bƧ]Ƨlƃ, ttá wft';/L/tá t]h]ĕ ;d'Ūfo t+ ;/L/+ ckŰlųsefj+ ud]lt, tbf
b;;xƧrŊþjfń] b]jtf kl/lgƑfglbj;] ljo kl/b]ljŷf k"hĕ;Ŋĕ/+ sŷf kŊþdlƃ. Ob+ wft'cƃ/wfg+ gfd.
OdƧ kťljwƧ cƃ/wfgƧ kl/olųcƃ/wfgd]j d"n+. kl/olųo+ lx ;lt klj]wfboálk gŪf gfd g xálƃ,
c;lt gŪflt. oyf r lglws'lƘof hĕggŴfo kf;f)lkŪ] pklgaźcŋ/];' w/ƃ];' lglws'lƘ gŪf gfd g xált, cŋ/];'
kg gŪ];' gŪf, Pj+;ƕbldb+ j]lbtƑ+. oyfx _
æofj ltŪlƃ ;'ųƃf,
ljgoá ofj lbƍlt.
tfj bŋlƃ cfnás+þ,
;"l/o] cư'lŪt] oyfĶ
æ;'ųƃ];' c;ƃ];',
kd'Ū] ljgolƛ r.
tdá eljƧlt nás]þ,
;"l/o] cŴśt] oyfĶ
æ;'ųƃ] /lŋt] ;ƃ],
klklų xált /lŋtf.
klklųo+ l&tá wL/á,
oáuŋ]df g w+;tLÆlt. ‘c0lg0cŪ01=1=130 ;f/Ŵ0L0kflrlųo 3=438’.
Pjldd];' kť;' cƃ/wfg];' wft'cƃ/wfgtá kŞf rl/d+ gfdflt j]lbtƑ+.
sƨf kg ƀ] ;ƙf;Ɨ'źf ck'Ƒ+ crl/d+ g pƍşƃLltĠ lg/Ŵstáj. Ps]ĕj lx ;ƙf;Ɨ'źá cgƃ];' rŊþjfń];'
;Ƒ;ųfglƕ olb pklgƧoá ej]Ɯ, Psŋ±)ë ;kflxfl/o+ ;Ƒfg's"þn+ wƙ+ b];]ŷf t] ljg]t'+ ;Ŋþált, lsdś+ kg gfgŋ±)ë;',
tƨf PsƸƨ sĕn] cg]s]þ;+ ;ƙf;Ɨ'źfg+ pƍlų lg/lŴsĕj. cgŴstf kg cgŞl/ocuf/jljjfbflbbá;tá r]j dxfkyljof
lƀƉ+ a'źfg+ wf/±)ë c;dŴtfo ljls/)flbbá;tá r j]lbtƑf. rŊþjlųgá kg PsƸƨ rŊþjfń] ƀ] Pstá g pƍşlƃ, Ps]ĕj
pƍşlt. gfgfrŊþjfń];' kg ax"lk Pstá pƍşƃLlt j]lbtƑf. PŴ lx æPlsƧf náswft'ofÆlt PtƧ PsƸƨ rŊþjfń]lt
116
cŴá ux]tƑá. ck'Ƒ+ crl/dť]Ŵ rŊþ/tgkft'efjcƃ/wfgfg+ j]dŢ+ j]lbtƑ+. cƃ/wfgťƧ rŊþjlųgá sĕnlsl/otá,
kƑşĕtá jf ;ųd] lbj;] xált, tƧ r cfg'efj]g lƀƉ+ PsŴ ;xcg'ƍlų r j]lbtƑf. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j.
&fgf&fg`f)an+ k&d+.
b'lto] sƙ;dfbfgfglƃ ;dflbloŷf stfg+ s';nfs';nfg+, sƙd]j jf sƙ;dfbfg+. &fg;á x]t';ált kŝotá
r]j x]t';řftsĕ/)tá r tŴ ultpklwsĕnkoáuf ljkfsƧ kŝof, sƙ+ x]t'. tb'eotá sƙljkfs+þ oyfe"t+ khĕgflt.
sy+Ġ eujf lx æPsŝƧ ax"lg kfksƙflg ultpklwsĕnkoáufg+ ;ƕlųof klaflxtflg g ljkŝlƃ, t];+ ljkƸų cfuƙ
ljkŝlƃ, PsŝƧ ax"lg sƠf)sƙflg t];+ ljklųof klaflxtflg g ljkŝlƃ, t];+ ;ƕƸų cfuƙ ljkŝƃLÆlt khĕgflt.
tŴ ultljkųLlt rųf/á ckfof. ult;ƕųLlt dg'Ƨb]jultoá. pkwLlt cųefjá tƧ ;ldlź ;ƕlų gfd,
c;ldlź ljklų gfd. sĕn;ƕųLlt ;'/fh;'dg'Ƨsĕn;řftá ;ƕƉsĕná, tƍlkŋ]ĕ sĕnljklų gfd. tƧ tƧ kg sƙƧ
;ƙfkoá±uëf koáu;ƕlų, ldŞfkoá±uëf koáuljklų gfd. tŴ lx PsŝƧ s';nsƙ]g b]jultcfbL;' ulto+ lgƑųƧ t+
ult;ƕƸų cfuƙ s';nflg Pj ljkŝlƃ. tfo kg ult;ƕlųof klaflxtflg cs';nflg tŴ ljklŝt'+ g ;Ŋþálƃ. tflg
k'g lg/ofbL;' ckfo];' lgƑųƧ t+ ultljkƸų cfuƙ oyf;'v+ ljkŝlƃ. tfo kg ultljklųof klaflxtflg s';nflg
tŴ ljklŝt'+ g ;Ŋþálƃ. PsŝƧ bƧgLo]gfle¿k]g sĕo]g ;dƉfutƧ olblk ;á bf;á jf xált xLghŝá jf, t+
pklw;ƕƸų cfuƙ s';nflg PjƧ ljkŝlƃ. tflb;+ lx ;'¿k+ æco+ lslnŪsƙƧ gfg'Şljs]ĕÆlt pŝ];' cdŝflbŪfg];'
&k]lƃ, růflnlƕ ;'¿k+ cƮdx]l;cflbŪfg];' &k]lƃ. tfo kg pklw;ƕlųof klaflxtflg cs';nfgƧ ljklŝt'+ g
;Ŋþálƃ. tflg kg pklwljklųo+ r l&tƧ oyf;'v+ ljkŝlƃ. /fhs'nfbL;' lx pƍƉlƕ b'¿k+ xLg];' &k]lƃ. PsŝƧ
kg k&dslƍsĕg+ jf rŊþjlų/ţá jf a'źfg+ jf ;'/fh;'dg'Ƨfg+ ;ƕƉ] sĕn] lgƑųƧ t+ sĕn;ƕƸų cfuƙ s';nflg Pj
ljkŝlƃ, g cs';nflg. tflg k'g b'/fhb'dg'Ƨfg+ ljkƉ] sĕn] t+ sĕnljkƸų cfuƙ ljkŝlƃ, g kg s';nflg tfo
sĕnljklųof klaflxtųf. PsŝƧ kg ;Ln;+odflbcgjşkoá±uëg r]j ;fjş]g jf cgjş]g jf b];sĕnfg';f/]g
cfo'wl;ƍflbkoáu;fdlŴo]g r ;dƉfutƧ t+ koáu;ƕƸų cfuƙ s';nflg Pj ljkŝlƃ, g cs';nflg. tflg k'g
oyfj'ųljk/LtkoáuljkƸų cfuƙ ljkŝlƃ, g kg s';nflg tfo klaflxtųf. o'źfbL;' lx kf)fltkftflbcs';n+
s/áƃflk t+t+cfo'wl;ƍflbkoáu;ƕƸų lgƧfo]j ;]gfkltŪfgflbdxf;ƕƸų nelƃ, g kg t+ cs';n+ lgƧfo. oyf
bfgj]ƜfjŝfbL;' s';n+ s/áƃflk clwdųjfofdflbkoáuljkƸų lgƧfo cgoƓ;glƕ kfk')lƃ, g kg t+ s';n+ lgƧfo.
Pjd]tflx rt"lx ;ƕųLlx, ljkųLlx r s';nfs';nfg+ ljkŝgfljkŝgljefu+ eujf oyfe"t+ khĕgflt. co+ tfj]Ŵ
ljeśgo]g b'ltoanƧ ljefjgf.
ck/]g rƧ _
æcxál; sƙ+ cxál; sƙljkfs]ĕ, cxál; sƙ+ gfxál; sƙljkfs]ĕ, cxál; sƙ+ clŴ sƙljkfs]ĕ,
cxál; sƙ+ glŴ sƙljkfs]ĕ, cxál; sƙ+ eljƧlt sƙljkfs]ĕ, cxál; sƙ+ g eljƧlt sƙljkfs]ĕ, clŴ sƙ+
glŴ sƙljkfs]ĕ, clŴ sƙ+ glŴ sƙljkfs]ĕ, clŴ sƙ+ eljƧlt sƙljkfs]ĕ, clŴ sƙ+ g eljƧlt sƙljkfs]ĕ,
eljƧlt sƙ+ eljƧlt sƙljkfs]ĕ eljƧlt sƙ+ g eljƧlt sƙljkfs]ĕÆlt ‘kl0d01=234’ _
Oldgf kl;lƘbfo+ j'ų]gflk go]g ljefjgf j]lbtƑf. tŴ o+ ctLtųefj] cfo"lxt+ sƙ+ j'ų+, x]t'kŝo+ cfuƙ tŴ]j
ljkfs+þ cbfl;. Ob+ ;ƈfo æcxál; sƙ+ cxál; sƙljkfs]ĕÆlt k&d+ kb+ j'ų+. o+ ctLt];' kg lbŪwƙj]bgLofbL;'
ax";' Ps+þ lbŪwƙj]bgLo+ nźkŝo+ ljkfs+þ b]lt, ;];flg cljkfsĕlg. Ps+þ pkkşj]bgLo+ kg kl;Ƹƈ cfsŬlt, Ps+þ
cfgƃl/o+ lg/okl;Ƹƈ b]lt, ;];flg cljkfsĕlg. cŪ;' ;dfkųL;' Psĕo Ɣƪnás]þ lgƑųlt, ;];f cljkfsĕ. Ob+ ;ƈfo
æcxál; sƙ+ gfxál; sƙljkfs]ĕÆlt b'lto+ kb+ j'ų+. o+ ctLt+ sƙ+ Pt/lx ljkfs+þ b]lt, Ob+ ;ƈfo tlto+. o+
k'l/dgo]g g ljkŝlt, Ob+ ;ƈfo rt'Ŵ+. o+ cgfut] ljkfs+þ bƧlt, Ob+ ;ƈfo kťd+. o+ g ljkŝlt, Ob+ ;ƈfo
%Ū+. o+ Pt/lx cfo"lxt+ sƙ+ Pt/x]j ljkfs+þ b]lt, Ob+ ;ƈfo ;ųd+. o+ g ljkŝlt, Ob+ ;ƈfo cŪd+. Oldgf
go]g ;];kbfglƕ cŴá bŪƑá. Ob+ tyfutƧflt Ob+ ;Ƒ]lx Pt]lx ksĕ/]lx ctLtfgfutkŝ'ƍƉfg+ sƙƃ/ljkfsƃ/fg+
oyfe"ttá hĕgg`f)lƃ cŴá. b'ltoan+.
tlto] ;ƑŴufldlglƃ ;Ƒultufldlgť cultufldlgť. klkblƃ dƮ+. oyfe"t+ khĕgftLlt ax";'lk dg'Ƨ];'
kf)fltkftfbL;' Psd]j cs';n+ Pstá s/áƃ];' OdƧ r]tgf lg/oufldgL eljƧlt, OdƧ lt/ŞfgoálgufldgL, OdƧ
k]lųlj;oufldgL, lg/ofbL;'lk kg];f Pj¿k] Pj¿k] &fg] Pjť]jť ljkfs+þ bƧlt, OdƧ kl;Ƹƈ cfslŬt'+ g ;Ŋþált,
cţ]g sƙ]g lbƉkl;lƈsƧ b'Ƒn+ pklwj]kŊ+þ eljƧlt. ax";' jf Pstá bfgflbs';n+, ljkƧg+ jf kŪk]ƃ];' OdƧ
r]tgf dg'ƧultufldgL eljƧlt, OdƧ b]jultufldgL, tŴflk Pjť]jť ljkfs+þ bƧlt, OdƧ jf ljkƧgf Ps+þ dƮ+ ƀ] jf
toá jf rųf/á jf kl;lƘbflb;lxt] jf /lxt] jf lgƎþfb]Ƨlt, OdƧ g slť klj]w+ ;f±wëƧtLltcflbgf cgƃ]lx
cfsĕ/]lx PsjŴ'lƨlƕ pƍƉ+ s';nfs';n;řft+ ;ƑŴufldlgklkb+ cljk/Lttá khĕgftLlt. tltoan+.
rt'Ŵ] cg]swft'lƃ rŋ'wft'cfbLlx, sĕdwft'cfbLlx jf ax'wft'+. gfgfwft'lƃ tf;ţ]j wft"g+ ljnŋ)ųf gfgƍsĕ/+
wft'+. náslƃ vƈfotgwft'nás+þ. oyfe"t+ khĕgftLlt tf;+ tf;+ wft"g+ vƈfotgwft'ljeśfbL;' j'ųgo]g cgƃƍe]b+
gfgų+ cljk/Lttá khĕgflt. g s]þjnť tyfutá pkflbƉs;řf/násƧ]j gfgų+ khĕgflt, cy ±vëf
cg'kflbƉs;řf/násƧflk kŝ]sa'źfbLlx klljlŢt'+ c;Ŋ'þ±)ëƜ+ gfgų+ khĕgflto]j. t]lx pkflbƉsnásƧflk gfgų+
Psb];táj hĕglƃ, cg'kflbƉƧ kg g]j hĕglƃ, ;Ƒţ'a'źƧ]j]t+ lj;oá. Pj+ lx Odfo gfd wft'of pƧƉfo Od];+
?ŋuŞntfbLg+, vƈbůjlƟtrkųk'Ǝþmþnflbgá ;ŮfgjŰuƈ/;cáhĕlx, b];sĕn]lx r cgƃƍe]b+ gfgų+, kyjLkƑtfbLgť
gfgų+ xátLlt cgƃ]lx cfsĕ/]lx hĕlgt'+ ;Ŋþált, gfţ]lt. rt'Ŵan+.
kťd] gfgflwd'lųslƃ xLgfbLlx clwd'ųLlx gfgflwd'lųsefj+. oyfe"t+ khĕgftLlt tL;'lk sĕn];' xLgflwd'lųsĕ
117
xLgflwd'lųs]þ Pj ;]jlƃ, k)Ltflwd'lųsĕ r k)Ltflwd'lųs]þ. tŴflk cƧźf cƧź], b'ƧLnf b'ƧLn], ldŞflblŪsĕ
ldŞflblŪs]þ, ;źf ;ź], ;Ln;'trfukţflb;ƕƉf r t] t] Pj ;]jƃLlt gfgƍsĕ/tá hĕgflt. ;źf;Lnflb;ƕƉf lx tlƑ/lxt]
cųgá cfrl/o'kŢĕo]lk g ;]jlƃ, t]lk Ot/], cųgf cųgf kg ;lb;] Pj ;]jƃLlt. kťdan+.
%Ū] k/;ųfglƃ kwfg;ųfg+. k/k'Ʈnfglƃ ttá k/];+ xLg;ųfg+. PsŴd]j jf Pt+ kbƀo+ j]g]Ɯj;]g
lƀwf j'ų+. OlƇok/ákl/oųlƃ ;źfbLg+ OlƇofg+ k/efjť ck/efjť, j'lźť xflgťflt cŴá. oyfe"tlƃ ;Ƒ];+ ;ųfg+
cf;ofg';orl/tflwd'lųcfbLlx ;źflb ltlŋlƇod'lblƇot+ ;Ƒfsĕ/tá hĕgflt. tŴ cf;oált lgjf;Ūfg+, oŴ ;ųfg+
lrų;ƃfg+ lgŝ+ lgj;lt. ;á b'lj±wëf jũf;oá ljjũf;oá r. tŴ ;Ƨt'Ş]bj;]g kjų+ ;Ƒ+ lblŪut+ jũf;oá gfd.
;ƍŝogfd¿kkl/Ʈxtá kŪfo ;Ƒ+ ljkƧgf`f)+, dƮ`f)ť ljjũf;oá gfd. dƮ`f)lƕ lx æb;lod], leŋj],
cl/ofjf;f, obl/of cfjƸ;;"Æltcflbjrgtá ‘c0lg0 10=19’ cf;oáj. Od+ kg eujf ;ųfg+ cf;o+ hĕgƃá pleƉ+
lblŪ`f)fg+ cƍjlųŋ±)ëlk hĕgflt Pj. sĕd/fuflblsn];flwd'ųţ]j lx k'Ʈn+ eujf t±yëj hĕgflt. æco+ g]ŋƙflbcle/tá
ljjũf;oáÆlt g]ŋƙfƸb ;]jƃţ]j hĕgflt, æco+ sĕdflbcle/tá jũf;oáÆlt cg';orl/tflbhĕgg]lk P;]j goá. tŴ
cg';oá sĕd/fufg';oflbtá ;ųlj±wëf. rl/tlƃ tLlx ƀf/]lx cle;řtnálsos';nfs';n+. clwd'ųLlt cŢĕ;oá. Pjd]Ŵ
cf;ofg';o`f)+, OlƇok/ákl/oų`f)ťflt ƀ] `f)flg Pstá x'ŷf Ps+þ an`f)+ gfd hĕtlƃ. %Ūan+.
;ųd] ´fgljdáŋ;dflw;dfkųLglƃ k&dfbLg+ rt'Ɖ+ ´fgfg+, æ¿kL ¿kflg kƧtLÆltcfbLg+ cŪƉ+ ljdáŋĕg+,
;ljtŊþ;ljrf/fbLg+ ltŰ+ ;dfwLg+, k&dŢĕg;dfklųcfbLg+ gjƉ+ cg'k'Ƒ;dfkųLg+. ;+lsn];lƃ xfgefluowƙ+.
jábfglƃ lj;];efluo+ wƙ+. j'Ūfglƃ o]g sĕ/±)ëg ´fgfbLlx j'Ūxlƃ, t+ sĕ/)+. t+ kg b'ljw+ jábfglƕ ejślƕ.
x]lŪd+ lx ku')+ ´fg+ cųgá jábfgj;]g pkl/dƧ ´fgƧ kbŪfgtá æj'ŪfgÆlƃ j'ŝlt, tƛf tƛf kg ;dflwƛf
ejśj;]g]j j'Ūfgtá ejślƕ. lg/áwtá kg mþn;dfklųofj j'Ūxlƃ. Ob+ kflńd'ųsj'Ūfg+ gfd, t+ ;Ƒ+ eujf oyfe"t+
;Ƒfsĕ/]g khĕgflt. ;ųdan+.
cŪd] k'Ƒ]lgjf;fg'ƧtLlt k'Ƒ]lgj'Ŵŋƈfg'Ƨ/)+, t+ gfd±uëfųjŰfxf/;'vb'ŋĕbLlx tŴ tŴ ej] ljşdfg]lx
cgƃ]lx cfsĕ/]lx oyfe"t+ khĕgftLlt. cŪdan+.
gjd] r't"kkftlƃ r'ltť pkkftť, t+ rjdfgpkkşdfgxLgk)Lt;'jŰb'ƑŰflbtá cgƃke]b] oyfsƙ"k±uë ;ų]
lbƑrŋ'`f±)ëg jŰfotgƮx)d'±vëg lbƩf ;Ƒfsĕ/tá khĕgftLlt. gjdan+.
b;d] cf;jfg+ volƃ cf;jlg/áw+ lgƑfg+, t+ c/xųdƮ`f±)ëg rt';ŝklj]wtá khĕgftLlt. b;dan+.
OdfgLlt oflg x]Ūf ætyfutƧ b; tyfutanfgLÆlt cjár, Odflg tfgLlt cƍg+ s/ált. oƨf
r]tákl/o`f)fbLlg ;fjsĕbLglƕ oyf/x+ ljşdfgflglk ;lj;o+ lslťb]j hĕglƃ, g r ;Ƒfsĕ/tá. a'źfg+ kg ;Ƒţ'tţf)+
ljo ;Ƒwƙ];' oyf;s+þ lj;o] ;ƑŴ ;Ƒfsĕ/tá Psŋ±)ë cƍlxt+ kjųlt, tƨf ætyfutanfgLÆlt j'ŝlƃ. olb Pj+
;Ƒţ'tţf)Ƨ]jfo+ ke]bá xált, sƨf kg æb;an`f)fgLÆlt lj;'+ ljeųfgLltĠ lj;olsŝe"lde]btá g];+ cţųf.
b;an`f±)ë;' lx k&d+ sĕ/)fsĕ/)d]j hĕgflt, b'lto+ sƙƃ/ljkfsƃ/d]j hĕgflt, tlto+ sƙkl/Ş]bd]j, rt'Ŵ+
gfgųsĕ/)d]j, kťd+ ;ųfg+ cŢĕ;oflwd'lųd]j, %Ū+ OlƇofg+ ltŋd'b'efjd]j, ;ųd+ ´fgfbLlx ;Ƹź t];+ ;+lsn];flbd]j,
cŪd+ k'Ƒ]lgj'Ŵŋƈ;ƃltd]j, gjd+ ;ųfg+ r'ltkl;lƈd]j, b;d+ ;ŝkl/Ş]bd]j, gfţ+.
;Ƒţ'tţf)+ kg Pt]lx hĕlgtƑť ttá pųl/ť ;Ƒ+ ctLtflbe]b+ Psŋ±)ë ;Ƒfsĕ/tá hĕgflt, Pt];+ kg lsŝ+ g
;Ƒ+ s/ált. t+ lx ´fg+ x'ŷf cƍ]t'+, Olź x'ŷf ljs'lƑt'+, d±Ʈëf x'ŷf lsn];] ±vëk]t'+ g ;Ŋþált. b;an`f)flg kg t+ ;Ƒ+
oyf/x+ sĕt'+ ;Ŋþálƃ. t];' r klkflof ;ų `f)flg sĕdfjr/flg, ttá ƀ] ¿kfjr/flg, cj;fg] Ps+þ nás'ų/+.
;Ƒţ'tţf)+ kg sĕdfjr/d]jflt Pj+ lj;olsŝe"lde]btá cţd]j b;an`f)+. cţ+ ;Ƒţ'tţf)lƃ. co+ tfj
kbŴfg';f/tá ljlgŞoá. wƙe]bflbtá kg ;Ƒálk ljlgŞoá Psljws]ĕŪf;tá kŪfo PŴ j'ųfg';f/táj `ftƑá,
;'ųƃefhgLofboá lx ljeśgoe]bf PŴ, Otá k/];' r ljeś];' gŴLlt.
`f)ljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
v'ŹsjŴ'ljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
v'ŹsjŴ'ljeśdfltsĕo kgfo+ lgŋ]kkl/Ş]b]g ;Ƹź cŴtá ljlgŞoá. dfltsĕo lx cflbtá tfj _
hĕltdbáltcfboá t];ųlt Pssĕ lglŋųf, ttá s]ĕ±wëf r pkgfxá rfltcfboá cŪf/; b'sĕ, cs';nd"nfboá kťƸt; ltsĕ,
cf;jrt'Ŋĕboá r'Ź; rt'Ŋĕ, cá/Ƙfluo;+oáhgfboá kƉ/; kťsĕ, ljjfbd"nfboá r'Ź; %Ŋĕ, cg';ofboá ;ų ;ųsĕ,
lsn];jŴ'cfboá cŪ cŪsĕ, cf#ftjŴ'cfboá gj gjsĕ, lsn];jŴ'cfboá ;ų b;sĕ, %Ɖ+ cŪf/;sĕg+ j;]g
cŪ;ttŲfljrl/tflg r oyfŊþd+ lglŋlkŷf cƃ] ƀf;lŪ lblŪutflg Ɣƪhĕn;'ų] cltblƧtfgLlt ;Ƒflglk t];lŪclwsĕlg
cŪlsn];;tflg lglŋųfgLlt j]lbtƑflg. co+ tfj lgŋ]kkl/Ş]bá.
cŴtá kg æhĕltdbáÆltcfbL;' hĕltpŝfs'nLgt+ lgƧfo ævlųofbLg+ rt'Ɖlƕ jŰfg+ cx+ pųdhĕlts]ĕ, Od] g
pųdhĕltsĕÆlt Pj+ cų'Ŋ+þ;gk/jƘgj;]g pƍƉá dşgfsĕ/ƍjųá dfgá hĕltdbá gfd. ;];kb];'lk P;]j goá. tŴ
cflbŝ±uëfųsƧk±uëfųflbpųd±uëfų+ lgƧfo ±uëfųdbá. lg/fafwt+, oáƑţ+, ælr/+ ;'v+ hËƸj hËjfld hËljƧfdLÆlt Pj+ hËljt+,
ax'nfeť lgƧfo oyfŊþd+ cf/áŕdbfboá j'ųf. ;'stk)Ltkŝonfe+, dfggjƆgflbu?sĕ/+ dţ]j kd'v+ sŷf kŤ+ k'Şlƃ,
kl/jf/]ŷf uŞƃLlt Pj+ k'/]ŋĕ/+, dxfkl/jf/+, ;'lrkl/jf/ť lgƧfo oyfŊþd+ ;Ŋĕ/dbfboá r j]lbtƑf. eá±uëf kg
lsťflk nfeƮx±)ëg]j ulxtá, lglxtwgj;]g kg]Ŵ nfeá j]lbtƑá, æcƉkfgjŴfe/)dfnfuƈflbpkeáu;ldlźj;]gflk
118
jų'+ jũtLÆltlk jblƃ. ;/L/jŰ+, u')jŰť lgƧfo jŰdbá. afx';ŝ+, klefg+, æjŰ+ a'źj+;+ /fhj+;+ hgkbj+;+
ufdj+;+ /lųlƆjkl/Ş]b+ gŋųd'x'ųoáu+ hĕgfdLÆlt Pj+ /ųţ't+ jf lgƧfo oyfŊþd+ ;'tdbfboá r j]lbtƑf.
hĕltlkůkfltst+, cgjţftt+, Ol/ofkykf;flbst+, dlxlźstť lgƧfo oyfŊþd+ lkůkfltsdbfboá. lsťflk kl/jf/-
Ʈx±)ëg o;á ulxtá. kl/jf/Ƨ kg ;j;jųsefj]g kŴt+ lslųo;ţ]j jf lgƧfo o;dbá. kl/;'ź;Ln+
pkrf/ƍgf´fg+, l;ƍs]ĕ;Ɵ+, ;/L/Ƨ cf/áx;ƕb+, kl/)fx;ƕb+, cg"glgŹá;cśkŝśtfo ;/L/kfl/k"l/ť lgƧfo
;Lndbfboá j]lbtƑf.
Oldgf Pųs]þg &fg]g ;jŴ's+þ dfg+ bƧ]ŷf Obflg cjŴ'sd]j ;fdţtá dfg+ bƧ]ƃá ædbáÆlt cfx.
kdfbáltcfbL;' kťsĕdu'±)ë;' lrųjáƧƮ;řftá ;'rl/tf;]jgfo, b'ŝl/t;]jgfo r x]t'e"tá kdşgfsĕ/ƍjųá
cs';nlrų'ƍfbá kdfbá gfd, Ʃfo+ ;ltjáƧƮnŋ±)ëf. jftel/teųf ljo dftflkt";'lk cgá)tefj;řftá sŋńdfgá yƘá
gfd, Ʃfo+ lrųƧ pź'dftefjnŋ±)ëf. cţ];+ ±uëxflbpks/);ƕb+, ljşĕ;ƕb+ jf lbƩf tlŹu');df/Ƙgj;ƍjųá
cs';nlrų'ƍfbá ;f/Ƙá gfd. uƅálk lx ;f/Ƙj;]g pƮx]t'+ g jũlt, cs';nd]j xált. Ʃfo+ s/)'ųl/onŋ±)ëf.
cŶ cŶ lj;o] OŞf cƧflt clŶŞá, k'Ʈná, tƧ efjá clŶŞtf. Pj+ dlxŞtfbL;'lk cŴá j]lbtƑá. tŴ o+
o+ nź+, t]g t]g c;ƃ'lƧŷf ck/Ƨ ck/Ƨ kŴgfj;]g kjųá náeá clŶŞtf. ofo cųgf nź+ k)Ltlƕ nfds+þ ljo
vfolt, k/]g nź+ nfdslƕ k)Lt+ ljo vfolt. ;fo+ ck/fk/nfekŴgfnŋ)f. ;ƃu')ljefjgfj;ƍjųá r]j tb'ƍƉ]lx
cltdxƃ]lxlk jŴ"lx c;ƃ'Ƨgfsĕ/ƍjųá r náeá dlxŞtf. ofo ;dƉfutá k'Ʈná kŝo]lx b'ƍ"/á clƮ ljo pkfbfg]g,
;d'Źá ljo r pbs]þg. of rfo+ ;ƃu');Ƙfjgtf, klƮx±)ë r kl/eá±uë r cdųţ'tf, Pt+ dlxŞtfnŋ)+.
c;ƃfg+ kg ;źf;Lnfg+, dƮmþnfbLgť nálsonás'ų/fg+ u')fg+ ljefjgfj;ƍjųá r]j tb'ƍƉ]lx cltdxƃ]lxlk
kŝo]lx c;ƃ'Ƨgfsĕ/ƍjųá r náeá kflkŞtf. of rfo+ c;ƃu');Ƙfjgtf, klƮx±)ë r kl/eá±uë r cdųţ'tf Pt+
kflkŞtfnŋ)+.
l;ślƃ ljŢgŪ]g l;ś+, gful/sefj;řftƧ lsn];l;śƧ]t+ clwjrg+, t+ cŴtá l;śf/s/)j;ƍjųá náeáj.
ltlƃ)lƃ vLog+, t+ cŴtá lgjf;Ūfg] ;'gvfg+ ljo cţdţ+ ;ųfg+ ætj ;ƃs+þ, dd ;ƃsÆlƃ lvƜgfsĕ/ƍjųá bá;áj.
rfkƠlƃ rkntf, t+ kųrLj/flbkl/ŋĕ/fg+, cųefjƧ r důglje";gs]þńfogj;ƍjųá /f±uëfj, o]g ;dƉfutá lhŰálk
bx/á ljo xált. c;efuj'ųLlt lj;efuj'lų lj;efulsl/of, ;f u?Ūflgo];'lk cgfb/j;]g ljkŝgLsƮflxtfj;ƍjųá
bá;áj ofo ;dƉfutá lunfg]lk dftflkt'cfrl/o'kŢĕoflbs]þ g cánás]þlt, t]lx ;Ƹź nfe;Ŋĕ/sĕ/)f snx+ s/ált, t];'
lx/áųƍ+, r]ltofbL;' lrųLsĕ/ť g kŝ'kŪk]lt. c/tLlt kƃ];' ;]gf;g];', ;dyljkƧgf;' r cgle/d)f pŊþlŮttf, ;f
tyfkjųá cs';nlrų'ƍfbá. tƆLlt cfnƦ+. ljhlƘtflt sĕoƧ cfgdgflbcfsĕ/]g mþƆgf ljhƘgf. eų;ƙbált
eųd'Şfo sĕoƧ csƙţtf. r]t;á r nLgųlƃ lrų;Řárá. cŴtá kg]tflg ;Ƒflglk lygldźj;]g lrųƧ lunfgfsĕ/áj.
s'xgfltcfbL;' nfe;Ŋĕ/l;nás;lƉlƧtƧ kflkŞƧ t]g t]g pkfo]g ljƛfkgf s'xgf gfd. ;f ltljwf
kŝokl;]jg;fdƃhƍgOl/ofky;Ůfkgj;]g. tŴ rLj/fbLlx lgdlƃtƧ tblŴsƧ]j ;tá kflkŞt+ lgƧfo kllŋkg]g,
t] r uxklts]þ cųlg ;'ƍltlŪt;ź] `ŷf k'g t];+ æcxá cƜá clƍŞá g lslť klƮlŲt'+ OŞlt, ;'nź+ jt gá cƧ, ;r]
cƍdųs+þ lslť klƮŲ]ƜfÆlt gfgflj±wëlx pkfo]lx k)Ltflg rLj/fbLlg pkgfd]ƃfg+ tbg'Ʈxsĕdtţ]j cfljsŷf
klƮx±)ëg r ttá ke'lt clk ;sef/]lx pkgfdgx]t'e"t+ ljƛfkg+ kŝokl;]jg;řftf s'xgf gfd. kflkŞƧ]j kg
;tá æoá Pj¿k+ rLj/+ wf/]lt, ;á ;d±)ëf dx];ŋ]ĕÆltcflbgf pųl/dg'Ƨwƙflwudkl/bLkgjfrfo tyf tyf ljƛfkg+
;fdƃhƍg;řftf s'xgf gfd. kflkŞƧ]j kg ;tá ;dflxtƧ]j ;Ƙfjgflwƍfost]g kl)wfo ;Ůlkt]g
udgflbOl/ofk±yëg ljƛfkg+ Ol/ofky;Ůkg;řftf s'xgf gfd.
cfnkgfltcflbgf kg j'ųkŝokl;+o'ųf jfrfo]j blƧtf. cg'lƍoefl)tf, rf'sƚtf, d'Ʈ;"Ətf,
kfl/eotf r cfnkgf gfd. tŴ cfnkgfltcflbtáj nkgf. cg'lƍoefl)tflt ;ŝfg'¿k+, wƙfg'¿k+ jf cgknás]þŷf
k'gƍ'g+ lkoe)g+. rf'sƚtflt gLrj'lųtf, cųfg+ x]Ūtá &k]ŷf kjųg+. d'Ʈ;"Ətflt d'Ʈ;"k;lb;tf, ckŊþd'Ʈ;lb;]g
cƍ;ŝ]g ;dƉfutjrgtf. kfl/eotflt s'nbf/sĕg+ cŘ]g kl/x/)flbs+þ kl/eƧ lsŝ+. Pjdo+ ;Ƒálk lsl/ofe]bá
ænkgfÆŷ]j j'ŝlt. k/];+ kg kŝobfg;ţfhgs+þ sĕojrLsƙ+ g]ldlųstf gfd, of ækl/s±yëfef;lgldųsƙÆlƃ j'ŝlt.
cŊþá;gjƘgu/x)fbLlx oyf bfos]ĕ cjŰ+ efolt, Pj+ t+ lgƍLńg+ lgƍ]l;stf gfd. co+ lx oƨf j]ń'k]l;sĕo ljo
cưś+ Odfo k/Ƨ u')+ lgƍ];]lt lgk'Ŧlt, oƨf jf uƈhĕt+ lkl;ŷf uƈdƮgf ljo k/u'±)ë lglƍl;ŷf ljr'Ű]ŷf P;f
nfedƮgf xált, tƨf ælgƍ]l;stfÆlt j'ŝlt. PsƸƨ kg s'n] nźfld;+ cţŴ bfgj;]g nfe]g nfeƧ kŴgf nfe]g nfe+
lglhuL;gf gfd. Od] r s'xgfboá kťlk tyf tyf kjųf náeflbcs';nlrų'ƍfbflt j]lbtƑf. æ;]ƜáxdƨLÆltcfboá
ƀfb; dfgf x]Ūf ;+oáhg±uëfŞs]þ j'ųfg';f/]g ;'ljţ]Ɯfj. tŴ r cflbtá toá dfgf k'Ʈn+ clgƧfo
hĕlt±uëfų¿keául;ƍ;'tflbdfgjŴ'j;]g]j slytf, ttá k/+ kg gj dfgf ;]Ɯ;lb;xLgk'Ʈn] lgƧfo slytf.
Pjd]t]lx ƀfb;lx kb]lx ;jŴ's]þ dfg] s±yëŷf Obflg cjŴ's+þ bƧ]t'+ ædfgáÆltcflb j'ų+. ttá k/+
cltdfgáltcfbL;' æhĕltcfbLlx dof ;lb;á gŴLÆlt cltŊþldŷf dţgfj;]g kjųá dfgá cltdfgá gfd. æOd] dof k'Ƒ]
;lb;f, Obflg cx+ ;]Ūá, Od] xLgt/fÆlt pƍƉá dfgá ef/fltef/á ljo dfgfltdfgá gfd. cųfg+ kg cjdţgfj;]g
kjųá dfgá cádfgá gfd, ;á æxLgáxdƨLÆlt kjųxLgdfg;lb;áj. cglwut];' cl/owƙ];' æclwutf dofÆlt pƍƉá
dfgá clwsdfgųf clwdfgá gfd, co+ kg ;átfkƉflbcl/o;fjsĕg+ æcx+ ;sbfufdLÆltcflbgf g pƍşlt t];+
dƮmþnlgƑfgkxLglsn];fjl;Ūlsn];kŝj]ŋ±)ëg cl/ou')klj]±wë lgŊþřųf. b'ƧLnƧ kg g pƍşt]j, ;Lnjtálk
kl/ŝųsƙŪfgƧ g pƍşlt, kl/;'ź;LnƧ]j kg ;'ź;dynflegá, ;'źljkƧgfnflegá, tb'eonflegá jf pƍşlt. t];'
tb'eonfeL c/xų] Pj clwdlţŷf kltŪflt ;'ljŋlƘtlsn];ųf, kl/dlŹt;řf/ųf r, Ot/] ;átfkƉfbL;'kLlt j]lbtƑf.
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kť;' kg vƈ];' æcxdƨLÆltcflbgf kjųá dfgá clƨdfgá gfd. kfks]þg kg k¿k#fts]þg
sƙfotgl;ƍfotgljşĕŪfgflbgf cųfg+ ;]Ɯflbtá hƍgj;]g kjųá dfgá ldŞfdfgá gfd.
`fltljtŊþáltcfbL;' ædƞ+ `ftsĕ ;'vhËljgá ;ƕlųo'ųfÆlt Pj+ ±uëxl;tk]d]g `fts]þ plŹƧ pƍƉá ljtŊþá
`fltljtŊþá gfd, æ`ftsĕ vo+ utf jo+ utf ;źf k;ƉfÆltcflbgf kg g]ŋƙl;tá `fltljtŊþá gfd g xált. Pj+
hgkbljtŊ]þlk, tƧ kg æcƛfs+þ hgkbá ;'leŋ]ĕ ;'Ɔ/áÆltcflbgf kjlųcfsĕ/á j]lbtƑá. cd/Ŵfo ljtŊþá, cd/á jf
ljtŊþált cd/ljtŊþá. tŴ oá pŊ'þlsƍwfgfbLlx b'ŋ] lglşŰ] ;ƕ/fo] cųf ;'vL cd/á xátLlt Pj+ kjųá, ;á
cd/Ŵfo ljtŊþá gfd. oá kg lblŪultsƧ PsƸƨ kŋ] c;Ůlxŷf æPjlƕ d] gá, tyflk d] gá, cţyflk d]
gáÆltcflbgf cd/dŞá ljo ux]t'+ c;Ŋ'þ±)ëƜtfo kjųá, ;á cd/á ljtŊþá gfd. t+ b'ljwlƕ Pstá sŷf Ow
æcd/ljtŊþáÆlt j'ųá.
cg'Źotf klt¿ks]þg kg luxLlx ;x;áls;xglƆtflbj;]g ±uëxl;tk]d]g o'ųá k/fg'Źotfkl;+o'ųá ljtŊþá
gfd. nfe]g r]j ;Ŋĕ/]g r lslų;Ź]g r ;Ƹź cf/ƙ)s/)j;]g o'ųá ±uëxl;tá ljtŊþá nfe;Ŋĕ/l;náskl;+o'ųá ljtŊþá
gfd, tƧ kg æcxá jt d] nfefboá pƍş]Ɯ'Ælƃcflbgf kjlųcfsĕ/á j]lbtƑá. æcxá jt d+ k/] g cjhĕg]Ɯ'Ælƃ
pƍƉá ±uëxl;tá ljtŊþá cgjţlųkl;+o'ųá ljtŊþá gfd. Pss+þ.
b'sĕbL;' s]ĕwfboá x]Ūf j'ųŴ] jş]ŷf cj;];fgţ]j jŰgf xált. tŴ b'sþ;] ' tfj pkgfxáltcfbL;' k'Ƒef±uë s]ĕ±wëf
æcŊþálŞdÆlƃcflbgf cf;]jg]g ck/sĕn] j]/lrų] bŃÜt/+ cfaźá pkgfxá gfd, o]g ;dƉfutá j]/+ lgƧlşt'+ g ;Ŋþált
j;ft]ndlŋtlknáltsĕ ljo, ;álwodfglƕƧ lrų+ g kl/;'Ţlt, Ʃfo+ j]?klgaƈgnŋ±)ëf.
k/u')+ kg ljgf;]ŷf tŴ bá;dŋgj;]g kjųá s]ĕ±wëf dŋ]ĕ gfd. co+ lx k&dt/+ cųgá lrų+ u"±yëf ljo
u"yƮfxs+þ xŴ+ dŋ]lt, kŞf k/lƃ ædŋ]ĕÆlt j'ųá, Ʃfo+ k/u')dŋgnŋ±)ëf. kńf;]tLlt kńf;á, k/Ƨ u'±)ë bƧ]ŷf
cųgá u'±)ëlx ;d] s/átLlt cŴá. tyfkjųá náeá, Ʃfo+ o'uƮfxnŋ±)ëf.
ƀf/ųo]lk ljşdfgƧ]j bá;Ƨ klŞfbgtá rŋ'dáxgdfof ljoflt dfof, ;f stbá;klŞfbgnŋ)f. ;&Ƨ
efjá, sƙ+ jf ;f±&ëƜ+, s]þ/flo+, t+ cljşdfgu')ƍsĕ;gnŋ)+.
cgşjfboá x]Ūf j'ųcşjflbklkŋcs';nj;]g j]lbtƑf. cŢų;+oáhglƃcfbL;' cŢųlƃ sĕdejá, tŴ ;ų]
aƈgj;]g kjųflg kťá/Ƙfluo;+oáhgflg cŢų;+oáhg+ gfd. alxźflt ¿kf¿kejá. tŴ aƈgj;]g kjųflg kť
pźƘfluo;+oáhgflg alxźf;+oáhg+ gfd. sĕdej] lx ;ųfg+ cfnoá ax's]ĕ, g Ot/];', tƨf ;á cŢų+ Ot/] r alxźflt
j]lbtƑf. b's+þ.
lts]þ;' kg náefbLlg tLl) cs';nd"nflg gfd. sĕdƓfkfbljƸx;f;ƕo'ųf ljtŊĕ toá cs';nljtŊĕ gfd. t]
Pj ;ţf;L;]g ltƧá cs';n;ţf. ;efjŪ]g ltƧá cs';nwft'oált r j'ŝlƃ. sĕojrLdgáb'ŝl/tflg tLl) b'ŝl/tflg
gfd, tflg ƀf/ųoƍjųfg+ kf)fltkftfbLg+, ;Ƒfs';nfg+ jf j;]g oáh]tƑflg. ;'ųƃkl/ofo]g kg lbŪf;jjlştf
sĕdf;jfboá toá cf;jf gfd. ;ŊĕolblŪljlrlsŞf;LnƑtk/fdf;f tLl) ;+oáhgflg gfd.
sĕdtŲf ejtŲf ljejtŲf r ltƧá tŲf gfd. tŴ ;ƧtlblŪ;xutá /f±uëf ejtŲf, pŞ]blblŪ;xutá /f±uëf
ljejtŲf, cj;];f kg ;Ƒflk tŲf sĕdtŲf. sĕdwft'kl;+o'ųá jf /f±uëf sĕdtŲf, ¿kf¿kwft'kl;+o'ųá ejtŲf,
pŞ]blblŪ;xutá ljejtŲflt j]lbtƑf. sĕdtŲf ¿ktŲf c¿ktŲf r ck/flk ltƧá tŲf gfd. ¿ktŲf c¿ktŲf
lg/áwtŲf r k'g ck/flk ltƧá tŲf gfd. tŴ lg/áwtŲflt pŞ]blblŪ;xutá. sĕd];gf ej];gf Ɣƪrl/o];gf r
ltƧá P;gf gfd. tŴ Ɣƪrl/o];gflt ;Ƨt'Ş]blblŪ;řftƔƪrl/oƧ uj];gf. æ;]ƜáxdƨLlt ljwf, ;lb;áxdƨLlt
ljwf, xLgáxdƨLlt ljwfÆlt Pj+ j'ųdfgljwf ltƧá ljwf gfd. dfgá lx ;]Ɯflbj;]g ljbxgtá dţgtá æljwfÆlt
j'ŝlt. hĕlth/fd/)flg klŝ pƍƉflg eoflg tLl) eoflg gfd. æctLt+ jf cźfg+ cf/ưfÆltcflbgf j'ųflg tLl),
a'źfbL;' sřgljlrlsŞgj;]g kjųf ltƧá cljşĕ tLl) tdflg gfd. ljlrlsŞf;L;]g tƧ ljeś] t+;ƕo'ųf cljşĕj j'ųf,
tƧf Pj klŞfbsų]glk tdefjtált bŪƑ+.
o+ lslť kg ;ųƧ ;'vflbs+þ pƍşlt, t+ ;Ƒ+ k'Ƒ]stx]t"lt Ps+þ ltŴfotg+, OƧ/lgƙfgx]t"lt b'lto+,
cx]t'cƍŝoflt tltolƃ Odflg tLl) ltŴfotgflg gfd. tŴ k&djfbL s';nfs';nlsl/opt'lrųfxf/flbs+þ,
ultpklwcflbs+þ, ;ƍ'l/;"klgƧo;źƙƧjgflbsť ;Ƒ+ kŝokŝo'ƍƉ+ kllŋlkŷf Ps+þ sƙljkfsd]j ;ƕlŞlt, Ot/] kg
ƀ]lk ;Ƒ+ x]t'+ kllŋlkŷf OƧ/x]t's+þ, cx]t'sť ;ƕlŞlƃ, t];+ ltŰ+ jfbfg+ j;]g]j koáhgfefjflbtá oyfg'¿k+ bá;á
`ftƑá. uƅljŴf/eo]g kg]Ŵ g ljŴf/loƛ.
/fubá;dáxf kg toá klnaáwŪ]g lsťgf gfd. t] Pj lx lsn];Ū]g cś)flg, dnLgefjs/)Ū]g dnflg,
kŋngkftx]t'tá lj;dflg r xálƃ. kf)fltkftfbLlg sĕojrLdgálj;dflg ck/flglk tLl) lj;dflg gfd.
/fubá;dáxf cg'bxgŪ]g toá cƮL, s;lg/áhŪ]g s;fjf r xálƃ. kf)fltkftfbLlg sĕos;fjfboá kg ck/]lk toá
s;fjf gfd. cƧfblblŪlųs]þ sĕdkl/eá±uë æglŴ sĕd];' bá;áÆlt Pj+ kjųf ;ƧtlblŪ cƧfblblŪ gfd. jL;ltjŴ'sĕ
kg cųlblŪ cųfg+ cg'utųf cųfg'lblŪ gfd. tƧf kg æ¿k+ cųtá ;dg'kƧlt, ¿kjƃ+ jf cųfg+, cųlg jf ¿k+,
¿kƸƨ jf cųfg+ ;dg'kƧtLÆlt Pj+ ¿kŋƈ] rtƧá lblŪoá. Pj+ ;];ŋƈ];'kLlt jL;ltjŴ'stf j]lbtƑf.
tŴ r ¿k+ cųtálbcflbgf kťŋƈ] cųtá ux)j;]g kjųf kť pŞ]blblŪoá, ;];f kg ;ƧtlblŪoált
j]lbtƑf. æglŴ lbƉÆlƃcflbgoƍjųf kg glŴslblŪ ldŞflblŪ gfd, nfdslbŪLlt cŴá. c/ltlųs]þ kfl)n]ū'bůfbLlx
;ųfg+ ljƸx;gf ljx];f gfd. ƀf/ųoƍjųcs';nwƙƧ rl/of cwƙrl/of gfd. bájrƧtflts]þ ;fj
sĕdƓfkfbljƸx;f;ţf gfgf/ƙ±)ë;' kjlųtá, gfgfe"tųf r gfgų;ţf gfd. pźŝlųs]þ s';LtƧ efjá s]ĕ;ş+, kdfbáj.
cgfbl/olųs]þ cájfbƧ cgflbogj;ƍjųá s]ĕ±wëf cgfbl/o+ gfd. cƧlźolųs]þ /tgųosƙmþnfg+ c;Źxgj;ƍjųf
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cs';nwƙf cƧlźo+ gfd. kťljwdŞl/oj;]g æb]xLÆlt jrgƧ chĕggf cjbţ'tf gfd.
pźŝlųs]þ dgŞŪ];' OlƇo];' cu'ųƀf/tf c;+j/á gfd. sĕlosjfrl;sjLltŊþdá b'ƧLƠ+ gfd. cl/olųs]þ
a'źkŝ]sa'ź;fjsĕg+ bƧgákf;gfbL;' clgŞf cl/ofg+ cbƧgsƚtf gfd. aálwklŋs;źƙƧ ;jgwf/)fbL;' clgŞf ;źƙ+
c;át'sƚtf gfd. k/Ƨ bá;f/ákg] /ƈuj]l;tf;řftá pkf/Ƙáj pkf/Ƙlrųtf gfd. d'ŪƧŝlųs]þ pźŝ+ r]t;á ljŋ]ká
gfd. coálg;ádgl;sĕ/lųs]þ æclgŝ] lgŝÆlƃcflbgf, ;ŝklkŋj;]g jf cg'kfodgl;sĕ/;řft+ cfjşglrų+
coálg;ádgl;sĕ/á gfd. ldŞflblŪldŞf;Řƍfboá cŪ ldŞfdƮf s'ƙ±Ʈëf gfd, ldŞfdƮƧ cf;]jgf s'ƙƮ;]jgf gfd.
lygldź+ r]t;á r nLgų+ gfd. lts+þ.
rt'Ŋ]þ;' rLj/fbL;' rt";' kŝo];' æsŴ dgfk+ nleƧfdLÆlt tŲfo pƍfbá rųf/á tŲ'ƍfbf gfd. g uŞlƃ
Ptflx cl/oflt cultoá, %Ɔbá;dáxeof. tf lx cuƃƑdƮudgflg csųƑs/)flg rųfl/ cultudgflg gfd. tŴ
%Ɔált kŋkft/f±uëf. eolƃ tyfkjųá bá;á. clgŝfbL;' ælgŝ+ ;'v+ cųf ;'eÆlƃ Pj+ kjųf rųf/á ljkl/of;f
ljk/Lttá wƙ] P;gtá. t];' jf cf;gtá klj;gtá rųf/á ljkl/of;f gfd. t] ;ţflrųlblŪljkl/of;j;]g kŝ]s+þ
toá toá x'ŷf ƀfb; xálƃ. t];' clgŝ] lgŝ+, cgųlg cųflt ;ţflrųlblŪljkl/of;f %, b'ŋ] ;'v+, c;'e] ;'elƃ
lblŪljkl/of;f ƀ] rflt cŪ ;átfklųd±Ʈëg kxLolƃ, c;'e] ;'elƃ ;ţflrųljkl/of;f ƀ] cgfufldd±Ʈëg, b'ŋ] ;'vlƃ
;ţflrųljkl/of;f ƀ] c/xųd±Ʈëgflt j]lbtƑf.
clbŪ] lbŪ+, c;'t] ;'t+, cd't] d't+, cljţft] ljţftlƃ Pj+ kjųf rųf/á cgl/ojáxf/f gfd. lbŪfbL;' kg
clbŪ+ c;'t+ cd't+ cljţftlƃ Pj+ kjųf ck/]lk rųf/á cgl/ojáxf/f gfd. Od] r k'l/d]lx ;Ƹź cŪ
cgl/ojáxf/fltlk j'ŝlƃ. kf)fltkftclbƉfbfgsĕd];'ldŞfrf/d';fjfbf rųfl/ b'ŝl/tflg gfd.
d';fjfbflbjrLb'ŝl/tflg ck/flglk rųfl/ jrLb'ŝl/tflg gfd. hĕlth/fƓflwd/)eoflg rųfl/ eoflg gfd.
/fhrá/clƮpbseoflg rųfl/, ;d'Ź+ cá/áxƃƧ kg pƍşgsĕlg ölds'ƘLncfjũ;';'sĕeoflg r rųfl/,
cųfg'jfbk/fg'jfbbůb'Ʈlteoflg rųfl/ rflt Odflg jf ck/flg tLl) rt'Ŋĕlg rųfl/ eoflg gfd. tŴ ;';'sĕlt
růdŞf. ;Ƒflglk r]tflg eoflg kl#lrųfgLlt j]lbtƑflg. ;Ƒ+ ;'vb'ŋĕlbs+þ ;o+st+ k/+st+ peost+ clwŝ;d'ƍƉlƃ
Pj+ pƍşdfgf Odf rtƧá lblŪoá gfd. rt'Ŋ+þ.
kťs]þ;' kťá/ƘfluofltcfbL;' cá/+ j'ŝlt sĕdwft' x]Ūfefjtá, tŴ pkklųlgƎþfbgtá t+ cá/+ ehƃLlt
;ŊĕolblŪljlrlsŞf;LnƑtk/fdf;sĕd/fukl#f kť cá/Ƙfluo;+oáhgflg gfd. pźlƃ ¿kf¿kwft' pkl/efjtá, t+
j'ųgo]g ehƃLlt ¿k/fuc¿k/fudfgpźŝcljşĕ kť pźƘfluo;+oáhgflg gfd. /fubá;dáxdfglblŪoá kť nƮgŪ]g
;śf gfd. t] Pj kť cg'klj;gŪ]g, t'bgŪ]g r kť ;Ɵf gfd. ;Ŵ'wƙ;Ŝl;ŋĕ;' sřgflg rųfl/, ;Ɣƪrf/L;'
s'lktlrųtf rflt Od] kť lrųƧ yźsrj/vf)'sefjs/)ųf r]tálvnf gfd. sĕd];' cjLt/f±uëf. sĕo]»k]0 ¿k]»k]0
ofjbŴ+ e'lŧŷf ;]Ɯ;'v+ kƧ;'v+ ldź;'v+ cg'o'ųá ljx/lt, cţt/+ b]jlgsĕo+ kl)wfo Ɣƪrl/o+ r/tLlt Pj+ kjųf kť
wƙf lrų+ alƈŷf d'lŪo+ sŷf ljo ux)tá r]t;áljlgaƈf gfd. tŴ sĕo]lt cŢlųs]þ sĕo], ¿k]lt alxźf¿k]. ;ţL cųf,
c;ţL cųf, g]j;ţLgf;ţL cųf, ;+ljşdfgá kg cųf plŞşlt, lbŪwƙlgƑfg+ jf kfk')ftLlt Pj+ kjųf kť lblŪoá
gfd.
kf)fltkftflbdşkfgkl/oá;fgf kť j]/s/)Ū]g j]/f gfd. `flteáu/áu;LnlblŪƓ;gflg kť Ɠ;gf gfd.
tŴ Ɠ;gflt ljgf;;xhĕtf, ttá pƍƉf cs';nf ax'hgƧ clƍotf, j]/ax'ntf, jşax'ntf, ;ƙ"ŃÜd/)+,
ckfoudglƃ Od] kť cŋlƃof cfbLgjf, cglwjf;gfo bá;flt cŴá. cfhËjseo+ cl;náseo+ kl/;;f/şeo+ d/)eo+
b'Ʈlteolƃ Odflg kť eoflg gfd. ofjbŴ+ kťsĕdu')kl/eá±uëg r]j k&dŢĕgfbLlx rt"lx ´fg]lx rflt kťlx sĕ/±)ëlx
cųf k/dlbŪwƙlgƑfgƍųá xátLlt kjųf jfbf kť lbŪwƙlgƑfgjfbf gfd. kťs+þ.
%Ŋ]þ;' kg s]ĕ±wëf dŋ]ĕ OƧf ;f±&ëƜ+ kflkŞtf ;lƆlŪk/fdfl;tflt Odflg % ljjfbd"nflg. dgflko];' ¿kfbL;'
%;' cf/ƙ±)ë;' %Ɔ/f±uëflt Od] % %Ɔ/fuf ±uëxl;tf wƙf gfd. cdgflko];' %;' cf/ƙ±)ë;' kl#á % lj/áwjŴ"lg
gfd. lj/á±wëf Pj jŴ' lj/áwjŴ'. %;' cf/ƙ±)ë;' tŲfj % tŲfsĕof gfd. ;Ŵ'wƙ;Ŝl;ŋĕ;', cƍdfb], kl;ƅf/] r
cuf/jf % cuf/jf gfd. sƙf/fdtf, eƧlgŹf;śl)s;+;Ʈkkťf/fdtf r % kl/xflgof wƙf gfd, kl/xflgs/flt
cŴá. tŴ ;jgbƧg;d'Ɵkgkl/eáusĕo;+;±Ʈë;' kť;' o'ųko'ųtf ;+;Ʈf/fdtf. tŲfdfglblŪkkť];' o'ųko'ųtf
kkťf/fdtflt j]lbtƑ+. sƙeƧlgŹf;śl)sĕ/fdtf rųf/á, bájrƧtf, kfkldųtf ƀ] rflt Od] ck/]lk % kl/xflgof
wƙf gfd.
;ádgƧŪflgo];' ¿kfbL;' %;' cf/ƙ±)ë;' pƍƉf ±uëxl;t;ádgƧ;ƕo'ųf ljrf/f ;ádgƧ'kljrf/f gfd, ljtŊĕboá
wƙf, t+;ƕo'ųf rflt ux]tƑf. P; goá Ot/ƀo]lk. cţf);lxtf kg]Ŵ j]bg'k]ŋĕ pk]ŋĕlt j]lbtƑf, of
æcţf)'k]ŋĕÆltlk j'ŝlt. OŪflgŪdŢų];' %;' cf/ƙ±)ë;' oyfŊþd+ pƍƉf j]bgf æ% ±uëxl;tflg ;ádgƧfgLÆltcflbgf
%Ŋþųo]g j'ųf. æclŴ d] cųfÆlt jf, æglŴ d] cųfÆlt jf, æcųgf jf cųfg+ ;ŧfgfdLÆlt jf, æcųgf jf cgųfg+
;ŧfgfdLÆlt jf, æcųgf jf cųfg+ ;ŧfgfdLÆlt jf, æ;á d] co+ cųf sĕ/s]ĕ j]bs]ĕ lgŝá w'jáÆlt Pj+ pƍşdfgf Odf %
lblŪoá gfd. tŴ cŴLlt ;ƧtlblŪ. gŴLlt pŞ]blblŪ. kťlk vƈ] æcųfÆlt ux]ŷf ;ţfŋƈ]g ;];fg+ hĕggj;]g
cųgf jf cųfg+ ;ŧfgfdLlt lblŪ, ;ţfŋƈ+ kg æcųfÆlt, Ot/] r æcgųfÆlt ux]ŷf cųgf jf cgųfg+ ;ŧfgfdLlt
lblŪ, ;ţfŋƈ+ kg æcgųfÆlt, Ot/] r æcųfÆlt ux]ŷf cgųgf jf cųfg+ ;ŧfgfdLlt lblŪ r j]lbtƑf. %Ŋ+þ.
;ųs]þ;' kg sĕd/fukl#dfglblŪljlrlsŞfej/fucljşĕ ;ų yfdutŪ]g, cƍxLgŪ]g r lrų;ƃfg] cg' cg'
;ogtá cg';of gfd. t] Pj ;ų] jũƸƨ ;+oáhgtá ;+oáhgflg. ;d'bfrf/j;]g kl/o'Ūfgtá kl/o'Ūfgflt j]lbtƑf.
cƧlźo+ clxl/s+þ cgáųƍ+ cƍƧ'ttf s]ĕ;ş+ d'ŪƧŝ+ b'ƍţtflt Od] ;ų c;t+ c;ƍ'l/;fg+, c;ƃf jf nfdsĕ wƙflt
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c;źƙf gfd. kf)fltkftfboá sĕojrLb'ŝl/tflg ;ų b'ŝl/tflg gfd. dfgá cltdfgá dfgfltdfgá cádfgá clwdfgá
clƨdfgá ldŞfdfgált Od] ;ų dfgf gfd. ædg'Ƨnás]þ dftfk]lųs;Ƙjá cųf plŞşlt, tyf %;' b]jnás]þ;' lbƑá
sańLsĕ/eŋ]ĕ cųf, ¿knás]þ ¿kL dgádoá cųf, rt";' c¿kej];' rt'lƑ±wëf c¿kL cųf tŴ tŴ plŞşlt ljgƧlt g xált
k/+ d/)fÆlt Pj+ kjųf ;ų pŞ]blblŪoá ;ų lblŪoá gfd. PŴ r cflbtá ltƧá lblŪoá ¿kŋƈ+ cųtá ux]ŷf kjųf
pŞ]blblŪoá, ;];f rtƧá c¿kŋƈ]lt `ftƑf. ;ųs+þ.
cŪs]þ;' kg náeá bá;á dáxá dfgá lblŪ ljlrlsŞf lyg+ pźŝťflt cŪ lsn];jŴ"lg gfd. æo+ lslť sƙ+ sųƑ+
d]Ælt Ps+þ, tyf æst+ d]Ælt, æd±Ʈëf d] uƃƑáÆlt, æutáÆlt, æcƍs+þ d] e'ųÆlƃ, æ;'e'ųÆlƃ, æcfaf±wëf d]
pƍƉáÆlt, æclr/j'lŪtá ±uënţfÆlt Pslƃ Odflg cŪ s';LtjŴ"lg gfd, s';LtƧ s]ĕ;şsĕ/)fgLlt cŴá. nfe] cnfe] r
o;] co;] r k;+;fo lgƆfo r ;'±vë b'ŋ] r oyfŊþd+ /fubá;]lx lrųƧ klxgg+ cŪ;' náswƙ];' lrųƧ kl#ftá gfd.
x]Ūf ƀLlx rt'Ŋ]þlx j'ųf cŪ cgl/ojáxf/f gfd. ldŞflblŪldŞf;Řƍfboá cŪ ldŞųf gfd. leŋ"lx ljşdfgfo
cfklųof rálbodfgƧ æg ;/fdLÆlt lgƑ]&g+ Ps+þ, æŷ+ afnáÆltcflbgf rábsklƎþ/)+ Ps+þ, tyf æt'j+ r]tdfkƉáÆlt
rábsƧ kŝf/ákg+, cţ]gţ+ klr/)+, ;Ŝ] afxfljŋ]ke)g+, t'ŲLefj]g ljx]&g+, ;Ŝ+, rábsť cgflbloŷf kŊþdg+,
rábgfeof l;ŋĕkŝŋĕglƃ Od] cŪ k'l/;bá;f gfd. c;ţL cųf ¿kL, c¿kL ¿kL r c¿kL r, g]j¿kLgf¿kL, cƃjf,
cgƃjf, cƃjf r cgƃjf r, g]jƃjfgfgƃjflt Pj+ kjųf cŪ c;ţLjfbf gfd. g]j;ţLgf;ţL cųf ¿kL
c¿kLltcflbgf kjųf cŪ g]j;ţLgf;ţLjfbf gfd. cŪs+þ.
gjs]þ;' kg æcgŴ+ d] crl/, r/lt, rl/Ƨlt, lkoƧ d] cgŴ+ crl/, r/lt, rl/Ƨlt, clƍoƧ d] cŴ+
crl/, r/lt, rl/ƧtLÆlt Pj+ kjųf gj cf#ftf Pj cf#ftjŴ"lg gfd. s]ĕ±wëf dŋ]ĕ OƧf dŞl/o+ dfof ;f±&ëƜ+
d';fjfbá kflkŞtf ldŞflbŪLlt Odflg gj k'l/;dnflg gfd. æ;]ƜƧ ;]ƜáxdƨLÆltcfboá gjljwf dfgf gfd. ætŲ+
klŝ kl/o];gf, kl/o];g+ klŝ nfeá, t+ klŝ ljlgŞoá, t+ klŝ %Ɔ/f±uëf, t+ klŝ cŢá;fg+, tyf kl/Ʈxá,
dŞl/o+, cf/ŋ]ĕ, cf/ŋĕlws/)+ bůfbfg;ŴfbfgsnxljƮxljjfbflbcg]s]þ kfksĕ wƙfÆlt Pj+ j'ųf Od] gj tŲfd"nsĕ wƙf
gfd. tŴ ljlgŞoált `f)tŲflblŪljtŊþj;]g rt";' ljlgŞo];' ljtŊþljlgŞoá Ow clwƍ]tá. nfe+ lx nleŷf æOb+
¿kf/ƙ)Ŵfo, Ob+ ;Źf/ƙ)flbcŴfofÆlt Pj+ ljtŊ]þg]j ljlgŞoá. %Ɔ/f±uëf b'Ƒn/f±uëf, cŢá;fglƃ anj;lƉŪfg+.
kl/Ʈxált tŲflblŪj;]g kl/Ʈxs/)lƃ j]lbtƑ+. æcƨLÆlt, æcxdƨLÆlt, æcodxdƨLÆlt, æeljƧÆlƃ, æ¿kL
eljƧÆlƃ, æc¿kL eljƧÆlƃ, æ;ţL eljƧÆlƃ, æc;ţL eljƧÆlƃ, æg]j;ţLgf;ţL eljƧÆlƃ Pj+ j'ųflg Odflg gj
rngŪ]g Olŧtflg gfd. Odfg]j dţgŪ]g dlţtflg, ljƎþƆgtá ljƎþlƆtflg, kkťgtá kklťtflg, tfg]j t]lx t]lx
sĕ/±)ëlx ;řtųf ;řtflg r gfd xálƃ. ;Ƒ]lx t]lx kťlx gjs]þlx dfgá Pj slytá. ;álk lx æcƨLÆltcfbLlx ;ţLlx
r cfsĕ/]lx lblŪ ljo kjųtLlt. gjs+þ.
b;s]þ;' kg náeá bá;á dáxá dfgá lblŪ ljlrlsŞf lyg+ pźŝ+ clxl/s+þ cgáųƍlƃ Od] b; lsn];f Pj
lsn];jŴ"lg gfd. æcgŴ+ d] cr/LÆltcfboá gj vf)'sŭsĕbL;' cŪfgcf#ft]g ;Ƹź b; cf#ftjŴ"lg gfd.
kf)fltkftfboá b; cs';nsƙkyf gfd. sĕd/fu;+oáhg+
kl#dfglblŪljlrlsŞf;LnƑtk/fdf;ej/fuOƧfdŞl/ocljşĕ;+oáhglƃ Odflg b; ;+oáhgflg gfd.
ldŞflblŪldŞf;Řƍfboá cŪ, ldŞf`f)ldŞfljd'ųLlx ;Ƹź b; ldŞųf gfd. tŴ ldŞf`f)lƃ kfklsl/of;' pkfolrƃfj;]g
r]j kfks+þ sŷf æ;'st+ dofÆlt kŝj]ŋ)j;]g r kjųá dáxá. ldŞfljd'ųLlt cljd'ųƧ]j ;tá ljd'ų;lţtf. æglŴ
lbƉ+, glŴ loŪÆlƃcfbLlx b;lx cfsĕ/]lx kjų+ glŴsbƧg+ b;jŴ'sĕ ldŞflblŪ gfd. æ;Ƨtá nás]ĕ, tyf c;Ƨtá,
cƃjf, cgƃjf, t+ hËj+ t+ ;/L/Ælƃ jf, æcţ+ hËj+ cţ+ ;/L/Ælƃ jf, æxált tyfutá k/+ d/)fÆlt jf, æg
xált»k]0 xált r g xált r, g]j xált g g xált tyfutá k/+ d/)fÆlt jf Pj+ kjųf b;jŴ'sĕ cƃƮflxsĕ lblŪ
gfd. tŴ nás]ĕlt vƈfboá, æcƃjfÆlt Ob+ kl/ų+ sl;)Ţĕg+ ;ƈfo j'ų+. æcgƃjfÆlt Ob+ ljk'nlƃ ux]tƑ+.
tyfutált ;ųá. b;s+þ.
cŪf/;s]þ;' tŲfljrl/tfgLlt tŲf;d'bfrf/f tŲfkjlųoá. cŢlųsƧ'kfbfoflt cŢlųs+þ vƈkťs+þ pkfbfo.
Ob+ lx pkoáuŴ] ;fldjrg+. tŴ æcƨLlt xált, OŴƨLlt xált, PjƨLlt xált, cţyfƨLlt xált, tyf eljƧlƃ, OŴ+
eljƧlƃ, Pj+ eljƧlƃ, cţyf eljƧlƃ xált, tyf cƨLlt, ;ftƨLlt xált, tyf l;olƃ, OŴ+ l;olƃ, Pj+ l;olƃ,
cţyf l;olƃ xált, tyf ckfx+ l;olƃ, ckfx+ OŴ+ l;olƃ, ckfx+ Pj+ l;olƃ, ckfx+ cţtf l;olƃ xátLÆlt Pj+
j'ųflg Odflg cŢlųsƧ'kfbfo cŪf/; tŲfljrl/tflg gfd.
tŴ cƨLlt xátLlt cŢlųs]þ;' vƈkťs]þ;' ;d"xtá æcxdƨLÆlt ux±)ë ;tLlt cŴá. Pj+ kg ux±)ë ;lt ttá
k/+ cg'klgwfo, pklgwfo jflt lƀwf ux)+ xált. tŴ cg'klgwfoflt cţ+ cfsĕ/+ cg'klgwfo cg'kuƙ
;sefjd]jf/ƙ)+ sŷf OŴƨLlt xált. tƧ ævlųofbL;' Ob+ksĕ/á cxÆlƃ tŲfdfglblŪj;]g ux)+ xátLlt cŴá.
pklgwfo ux)+ kg b'ljw+ xált ;dtá r c;dtá r. tŴ ;dtá ux)+ PjƨLlt Ob+, tƧ oyf co+ vlųoá, Ɣfƪ)fboá
jf b]jdg'Ƨ¿kLc¿lkcfboá jf, PjdxdƨLlt cŴá. cţyfƨLlt Ob+ kg c;dtá ux)+, tƧ oyf Od] vlųofboá, ttá
cţyf cx+ xLgá jf clws]ĕ jflt cŴá. Odflg tfj kŝ'ƍƉj;]g rųfl/ tŲfljrl/tflg, eljƧlƃcfbLlg kg rųfl/
cgfutj;]g j'ųflg. t];+ k'l/drt'Ŋ]þ j'ųgoj;]g cŴá j]lbtƑá. tŴ cƨLltcflbƀo+ ;Ƨt'Ş]bƮfxj;]g j'ų+. tŴ lx
cƨLlt ;Ƨt+, ;LbtLlt ;ft+, c;Ƨt+, Otá k/flg l;olƃcfbLlg rųfl/ ;+;okl/ljtŊþj;]g j'ųflg. ckfx+
l;olƃcfbLlg rųfl/ æclk gfdfx+ ej]ƜÆlƃ Pj+ kjųkŴgfsƍgj;]g j'ųfgLlt bŪƑ+. cŪf/;s+þ k&d+.
b'lto] aflx/Ƨ'kfbfoflt aflx/+ vƈkťs+þ pkfbfo. tŴ æOldgf cƨLlt xált, Oldgf OŴƨLlt xált, Oldgf
PjƨLlt xált, Oldgf cţyfƨLlt xátLÆltcflbgf cgƃ/] j'ųgo]g aflx/Ƨ'kfbfo cŪf/; tŲfljrl/tfgLlt j]lbtƑflg.
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æOldgfÆlt kbdųd]j x]Ŵ k'l/d]lx lj;];á. tŴ Oldgflt Oldgf aflx/]g ¿k]g jf»k]0 ljţf±)ëg jflt cŴá. tŴ r
%ųvƮaLhlgcƉkfgwgwţflbpks/)j;]g aflx/+ ¿k+ j]lbtƑ+. bf;bfl;`fltkl/hgxlŴcƧflbpks/)j;]g j]bgfboá
j]lbtƑf. Od]lx aflx/]lx ¿kfbLlx æOŴƨLlt PjƨLÆltcflbgf ;ƑŴ oáhgf j]lbtƑf. cŪf/;s+þ b'lto+.
Ot/];' kg tb]sŢ+ cle;+o"lxŷfltcfbL;' tb'eo+ cŪf/;s+þ Pstá oáh]ŷf %Ƹų;tŲfljrl/tflg xálƃ, Pj+
Ps]þsƧ k'ƮnƧ ctLtsĕn] lƀƉ+ cŪf/;sĕg+ j;]g %Ƹų;, tyf cgfut] %Ƹų; xálƃ. kŝ'ƍƉ] kg PsƧ oyfnfej;]g
tflglk nưlƃ, ;Ƒ;ųfg+ j;]g kŝ'ƍƉ]lk %Ƹų; nưlƃ. Olt Pj+ j'ų]g ksĕ/]g t+ ;Ƒ+ Pstá sŷf ;Ƒ;ųfg+ sĕnųo]lk
%Ɖ+ cŪf/;sĕg+ j;]g cŪ;t+ tŲfljrl/tflg xáƃLlt cŴá. cŪtŲfljrl/t;t+ xátLlt PŴflk Pjd]j cŴá bŪƑá.
tŲfljrl/tflg lglŪtflg.
oflg rfltcfbL;' oflg r]Ŵ ƀf;lŪ lblŪutflg jųƑflg, tflg Ɣƪhĕngfds]þ bL#lgsĕoƧ k&d;'ųƃ]
‘bL0lg01=29cfboá’ ;Ŵf/f ;o+ cfxŝ efl;tfgLlt cŴá. Ɣƪhĕn] lx rųf/á ;Ƨtjfbf, rųf/á Psŝ;Ƨltsĕ, rųf/á
cƃfglƃsĕ, rųf/á cd/fljŋ]lksĕ, ƀ] clwŝ;d'ƍlƉsĕ, ;áń; ;ţLjfbf, cŪ c;ţLjfbf cŪ g]j;ţLgf;ţLjfbf, ;ų
pŞ]bjfbf, kť lbŪwƙlgƑfgjfbflt Odflg ƀf;lŪ lblŪutflg ;lgbfgflg gfgfgotá j'ųflg, tŴ j'ųgo]g]j g];+
ljef±uëf j]lbtƑá. co+ tfj]Ŵ kbŴfg';f/tá ljlgŞoá, ;];ák]Ŵ ljlgŞoá kbŴ] j'ųfg';f/táj ;'ljţ]Ɯált.
v'ŹsjŴ'ljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
wƙxboljeśdfltsŴjŰgf
wƙxboljeśdfltsĕo kg kbŴflbtá ljlgŞoá k'Ƒ] j'ųáj. oƨf kg eujtf x]Ūf gfgfgotá ljeųfgţ]j
vƈfotgfbLg+ ƀfb;Ɖ+ wƙs]ĕŪf;fg+ k'g ;Ƒ;śflxsrt'e"d'ƍlųtƍl/ofkƉtfbLlx b;lx jf/]lx ck'Ƒgo;xƧljefjs]þlx
;Ƒwƙflwƍfo;řft]lx wƙxbo]lx ljefubƧgŴd]jfo+ ljeśá j'ųá, tƨf ljeśgotá r]Ŵ ljlgŞoá xált. ljeś] lx
k&d+ æslt vƈfÆltcflbgf ;k'Şs+þ ƀfb;klbs+þ dflts+þ lglŋlkŷf x]Ūf j'ųfg';f/]g]j rt'e"ds;fdţtá ;Ƒ;śflxsjf/á
gfd ljeųá, tŴ ;ų mþƧfboá ;ųƉ+ ljţf)wft"g+ j;]g j]lbtƑf.
b'ltoá kg jf/á t];+ rt";' e"dL;' rt"lx s]ĕŪf;]lx pƍųfg'ƍlųbƧgj;]g kjųá. tŴ k&ds]ĕŪf;] tfj _
æsĕdwft'of slt vƈf»k]0 slt lrųflgĠ sĕdwft'of kťŋƈf, ƀfb;fotgflg, cŪf/; wft'oá,
tLl) ;ŝflg, afjL;ltlƇoflg, gj x]t", rųf/á cfxf/f, ;ų mþƧf, j]bgf, ;ţf, r]tgf, lrųfgLÆlt _
dflts+þ lglŋlkŷf ljeųf. tŴ oƨf rt'e"dsĕlk wƙf o]e'Ɯ]g sĕdfjr/;ųfg+ pƍşlƃ g sĕdfjr/fj. t]g]Ŵ
ækťŋƈfÆltcflbgf rt'e"dsĕlk j'ųf. tŴ'ƍşgswƙf x]Ŵ clwƍ]tf, g t+e"ldkl/ofkƉfj. ¿kwft'cfbL;'lk P;]j
goá.
PŴ r tLl) ;ŝfgLlt Ob+ lg/áw;ŝƧ b];ljlgd'ųtfo sŴlr b];] clglŹl;tƑtá t+ jş]ŷf j'ų+. sĕ/);fk]ŋĕ
lx wƙf cųgá lgƧosĕ/)e"t+ b];+ ;dfj;lƃ csĕ/)Ƨ clgƧoųf, oyf jf sbflr pknưdfgf wƙf sĕnlgottfo cųgá
;řtų+j ;"r]lƃ. cţyf Ot/sĕn];'lk efjƧ r k;śtá, Pt/lxlk jf cefjƧ, Pj+ ŏlr b];] pknưdfgfkLlt ux]tƑ+.
;Ƒb];cƓflktf kg c;řtƧ, ;řtƧ jf c;Ƙjtá Pj gákkşlt, tƨf b];sĕnljlgd'ųd]j c;řtlƃ ux]tƑ+.
b'ltos]ĕŪf;] kg _
æ¿kwft'of kťŋƈf, % cfotgflg, gj wft'oá, tLl) ;ŝflg, r'Źl;lƇoflg, cŪ x]t", toá
cfxf/f, rųf/á mþƧf»k]0 rųfl/ lrųfgLÆlt _
dflts+þ lglŋlkŷf ljeųf. oƨf kg ¿kLg+ #fgfbLg+ cefj]g ljşdfgflglk uƈfotgfbLlg cfotgflblsŝ+ g s/álƃ, tƨf
t] jş]ŷf æ% cfotgflg, gj wft'oáÆltcflb j'ų+ g t];+ cefjf. s]þlr kg æ¿knás]þ uƈ/;f sańLsĕ/á cfxf/á r
dxfe"tfgť mþáŪƑlsŝtf glŴ, t]g]j kflńo+ g pźfÆlt jŷf t+ ;f±wët'+ ax'+ x]t'kl¿ks+þ jŷf kkť]lƃ, t+ t];+
dltdųd]jflt g ux]tƑ+. uƈfbLg+ cljlgưáuųf, mþáŪƑųf, wft';efjųf r #fgflbųoefjƀo;'vb'ŋbádglƧlƇoflg,
kg bádgƧx]t'sańLsĕ/fxf/#fgflbųo;ƖþƧfbLlg r jş]ŷf r'Źl;lƇoflbefjá j]lbtƑá.
tltos]ĕŪf;] kg _
æc¿kwft'of rųf/á vƈf, ƀ] cfotgflg, ƀ] wft'oá, tLl) ;ŝflg, Psĕbl;lƇoflg, cŪ x]t",
toá cfxf/f, Ps]ĕ mþƧá»k]0 Ps+þ lrųÆlƃ _
dflts+þ lglŋlkŷf ljeųf. PŴ r rŋ';átcgţftţƧfdLltlƇofglƕ cefjf Psĕbl;lƇoflg j]lbtƑflg.
rt'Ŵs]ĕŪf;] kg _
æckl/ofkƉ] rųf/á vƈf, ƀ] cfotgflg, ƀ] wft'oá, ƀ] ;ŝflg, ƀfbl;lƇoflg, % x]t", toá
cfxf/f, Ps]ĕ mþƧá»k]0 Ps+þ lrųÆlƃ _
dflts+þ lglŋlkŷf ljeųf. oƨf r cásĕ;j;]g jf ;ų'ƍlųj;]g jf ckl/ofkƉwft' gfd glŴ, tƨf
æckl/ofkƉwft'ofÆlt cjŷf lgƑlųtnás'ų/d]j bƧ]t'+ æckl/ofkƉ] rųf/á vƈfÆltcflb j'ų+. Pj+ rt"lx s]ĕŪf;]lx
b'ltoá jf/á j]lbtƑá.
123
tltoá kg jf/á _
æ¿kŋƈá sĕdwft'kl/ofkƉá, rųf/á vƈf l;of sĕdwft'kl/ofkƉf, l;of g
sĕdwft'kl/ofkƉfÆltcflbgf _
rt";' e"dL;' rt"lx s]ĕŪf;]lx t+t+e"ldkl/ofkƉwƙbƧgj;]g kjųá, ;á r x]Ūf j'ųfg';f/]g ;Ŋĕ `ft'lƃ g ljŴfl/tá. tŴ
r sĕdwft'kl/ofkƉált sĕdfjr/efj]g tŴ cƃáu±wëf sĕdfjr/ált cŴá. ;];];'lk P;]j goá.
rt'Ŵá kg jf/á tL;' e"dL;' rt"lx s]ĕŪf;]lx kl;lƈŋ±)ë pƍşgsĕg'ƍşgswƙbƧgj;]g kjųá. tŴ
k&ds]ĕŪf;] tfj _
æsĕdwft'of pkklųŋ±)ë ;Ƒ];+ kťŋƈf kft'ejlƃ, sƧlr Psĕb;fotgflg kft'ejlƃ, sƧlr
b;fotgflg kft'ejlƃ, sƧlr ck/flg b;, sƧlr gj, sƧlr ;ų, sƧlr Psĕb; wft'oá»k]0 ;ų
wft'oá. ;Ƒ];+ Ps+þ ;ŝ+ kft'ejlt. sƧlr r'Źl;lƇoflg, sƧlr t]/;, sƧlr ck/flg t]/;, sƧlr
ƀfb;, sƧlr b;, sƧlr gj, sƧlr ck/flg gj, sƧlr cŪ, sƧlr ck/flg cŪ, sƧlr ;ų sƧlr
kť, sƧlr rųfl/lƇoflg kft'ejlƃ, sƧlr toá x]t" kft'ejlƃ, sƧlr ƀ], sƧlr cx]t'sĕ kft'ejlƃ. ;Ƒ];+
rųf/á cfxf/f, Ps]ĕ mþƧá»k]0 Ps+þ lrų+ kft'ejtLÆlt _
dflts+þ lglŋlkŷf ljeųf. tŴ kl;lƈŋ±)ë sĕdfjr/fg+ cákkfltsĕg+, cfkflosĕg+, b]jdg'Ƨfg+ kl/k'Űfotgfg+
;Źfotgjlştflg Psĕb;fotgflg kft'ejlƃ, tfg]j Psĕb; wft'oá xálƃ. ;Źá lx Psƃ]g kl;lƈo+ g pƍşlt,
t];ţ]j kg hŝƈfg+ b;, hŝalw/fg+ ck/flg b;, hŝƈalw/fg+ gj, uư;]Ɯsĕg+ ¿kuƈ/;sĕomþáŪƑdgáwƙj;]g ;ų
cfotgwft'oá kft'ejlƃ. cákkfltsĕg+ ltx]t'sĕg+ dgŞŪflg OlƇoflg, efjƀo] Ps+þ, hËljltlƇo+, ;ádgƧ'k]lŋlƇo];' Ps+þ,
;źfbLlg kťflt r'Źl;lƇoflg, t];+ lƀx]t'sĕg+ klţlƇo+ jş]ŷf t]/;, k&dslƍsĕg+ dg'Ƨfg+ ltx]t'sĕg+ efljlƇo+ jş]ŷf
ck/flglk t]/;, t];ţ]j b'x]t'sĕg+ ƀfb;, uư;]Ɯsĕg+ kg ltx]t'sĕg+ k'l/d];' r'Ź;;' rŋĕbLlg rųfl/ jş]ŷf b;, t];+
b'x]t'sĕg+ gj, cákkfltsĕg+ cx]t'sĕg+ kl/k'Űfotgfg+ k'l/d];' r'Ź;;' ;ŹfbLlg jş]ŷf ck/flg gj, t];ţ]j hŝƈfg+
cŪ, tyf alw/fg+, cƈalw/fg+ kg ;ų, uư;]Ɯsĕg+ kg cx]t'sĕg+ sĕodgáefjhËljtpk]lŋlƇoflg kť, t];ţ]j gk'+;sĕg+
rųfl/ kft'ejlƃ. cx]t'slrų];' lx ljşdfgflk PsƮtf ;dflwlƇot+ g uŞlt, dgáljţf)wft'j;]g kg æPs]ĕ
mþƧáÆltcfboá j]lbtƑf.
b'ltos]ĕŪf;] kg _
æ¿kwft'of pkklųŋ±)ë &k]ŷf c;ţ;ųfg+ b]jfg+ kťŋƈf kft'ejlƃ. kťfotgflg, kť
wft'oá, Ps+þ ;ŝ+, bl;lƇoflg, toá x]t", toá cfxf/f, Ps]ĕ mþƧá»k]0 Ps+þ lrųÆlƃ _
dflts+þ lglŋlkŷf ljeųf. tŴ rŋ'¿k;átdgáwƙfg+ j;]g kťfotgwft'oá j]lbtƑf. PŴflk uƈ/;mþáŪƑfg+ cƮx±)ë
sĕ/)+ k'Ƒ] j'ųd]j. rŋ';átdgáhËljltlƇoflg, ;ádgƧ'k]ŋĕg+ cţt/+, ;źfbLlg kťflt bl;lƇoflg j]lbtƑflg.
tltos]ĕŪf;] kg _
æc;ţ;ųfg+ b]jfg+ pkklųŋ±)ë Ps]ĕ vƈá kft'ejlt ¿kŋƈá, ƀ] cfotgflg ¿kfotg+ wƙfotg+,
ƀ] wft'oá ¿kwft' wƙwft', Ps+þ b'ŋ;ŝ+, Ps+þ ¿khËljltlƇo+, c;ţ;ųf b]jf cx]t'sĕ, cgfxf/f, cmþƧsĕ»k]0
clrųsĕÆlt _
;lgŹ];dfltsĕ lglŋųf. PŴ r ¿klƕ lsťflk t];+ cfotgflblsŝ+ g s/ált, ;ljţf)s¿kL;' kg ulxtųf Owflk
ulxt+. uƈfboá kg tŴ g ulxtųf Owflk g ulxtf, gá cljşdfgtfo. Pstnjfl;sĕg+ jf ;];Ɣƪfg+ rŋ'lj;oųf
Owflk ¿kfotg+ pź+, c;ţLg+ kg kťfotgflg, Ps]ĕ cfxf/á pƍştLlt j]lbtƑ+.
rt'Ŵs]ĕŪf;] _
æc¿kwft'of pkklųŋ±)ë rųf/á vƈf, ƀ] cfotgflg, ƀ] wft'oá, Ps+þ ;ŝ+, clŪlƇoflg toá
x]t", toá cfxf/f, Ps]ĕ mþƧá»k]0 Ps+þ lrųÆlƃ _
dfltsĕkbflg lglŋlkŷf ljeųf. PŴ r dgáhËljtpk]lŋlƇoflg, ;źfbLlg kťflt clŪlƇoflg j]lbtƑflg. ;];+
;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. Pj+ rt"lx s]ĕŪf;]lx rt'Ŵá jf/á j]lbtƑá.
kťdá kg jf/á t];+ wƙfg+ e"dƃ/j;]g æsĕdfjr/wƙf, g sĕdfjr/f»k]0 kl/ofkƉfÆlt rųf/á b's]þ
dfltsĕj;]g lglŋlkŷf ljehgj;]g kjųá, ;á x]Ūf j'ųŴáj.
%Ūá kg jf/á ;ƙ'ltb]jpkklųb]jlj;'lźb]j] lglŹl;ŷf dg'Ƨb]jutL;' pƍfbssƙcfo'ƍdf)bƧgj;]g j'ųá.
tŴfo+ ;ř]kŴá _ ;ųf lx bfg;Lnflbsĕdfjr/s';n+ sŷf dg'Ƨnás]þ vlųodxf;fnflbs'n];' r]j
rft'dxf/flhstfjƸt;ofdt'l;tlgƙfg/ltk/lglƙtj;jlų;řft];' %;' b]jnás]þ;' r pƍşlƃ, tŴ
l;g]?kƑtj]dŢkl/eůkƑttá kŪfo x]Ūf ofj e"ld ltl/o+ rŊþjfńkƑt+ cfxŝ PŴƃ/] kƑtcfsĕ;?ŋkyljlglƧtf
rft'dxf/fhrƆ;"l/of ;Ƒ] rft'dxf/flhsĕ. ttá pź+ rŊþjfńkl/oƃ+ tfjƸt;fboá oyfŊþd+ pk¿kl/ l&tflt j]lbtƑf.
b]jnás]ĕlk k/ƕ/rŊþjfńkƑt+ cƍųá gfd glŴ.
k&dŢĕg+ kg kl/ų+ efj]ŷf Ɣƪkfl/;ş];' pƍşlƃ, dlŢd+ efj]ŷf Ɣƪk'/álxt];', k)Lt+ efj]ŷf dxfƔƪ];', Od]
toálk hgf k&dŢĕge"ldo+ Pstn] j;lƃ. cfo'cfeflbe]b]g kg];+ e]bá, Pj+ pkl/lk.
rt'Ŋþgo] kg b'ltoŢĕg+, kťsgo] b'ltotltoŢĕgť kl/ų+, dlŢd+, k)Ltť efj]ŷf
kl/ųfefcƍdf)fefcfeƧ/];' pƍşlƃ. tltoŢĕg+ kl/ųflbj;]g efj]ŷf kl/ų;'ecƍdf);'e;'elsŲ];'. rt'ŴŢĕg+ kg
efj]ŷf cf/ƙ)dgl;sĕ/%Ɔflwd'lųcflbgfgųtá s]þlr c;ţL;', s]þlr j]xƎþn];', s]þlr cljx];', ctƍ];', ;'bƧ];', ;'bƧL;',
s]þlr cslgŪ];', cfsĕ;fgťfotgfbL;' rt";' r oyfŊþd+ pƍşlƃ. tŴ lx Psŝ] ltlŴof ælrų+ lgƧfo /şgb'Ƨgfboá,
124
tlƉbfgflg r b'ŋĕlg ;d'ƍşƃLÆlt lrų] bá;+ lbƩf ælbŪwƙlgƑfgd]tÆlƃ ;ţflj/fu+ hg]ŷf tŶ"kklųof ´fg+ efj]ŷf
¿ksĕodųf l&tf jf lgl;Ɖf jf lgkƉf jf x'ŷf lgƑlųŷf tŴ]j kťsƍ;tflg ltŪƃLlt j]lbtƑf.
cŪ;dfklųnfeLg+ st/+ ´fg+ ljkŝtLltĠ ku')+, ;Ƒ];' ku'±)ë;' oƧ ljkfse"Ƹd kŴ]lt, t+kŴgfo r c;lt o+
d/);do] ;dfkşlt, t+, tlƨlƕ c;lt pųdj;]g g]j;ţfgf;ţfotg+ ljkŝlt. ;'źfjf;];' r cljxfbL;'
cgfufldjlştf ;ųf g pƍşlƃ, cgfufldgá kg c;ţLjlştƔƪnás]þ;' ;ƑŴ pƍlşt'+ nelƃ. ;Ƒ];lƕ r cl/ofg+
tŶ"kklųtá pk¿kklųlk, g x]Ū"kklų. t] lx k&dŢĕge"ldo+ lgƑųf cgfufldgá gj Ɣƪnás]þ ;á±wëŷf dŴs]þ j]xƎþn];'
l&tf kl/lgƑlƃ, g lgjųlƃ cl/ofg+ x]Ū"kklųcefjf. j]xƎþncslgŪg]j;ţfgf;ţfotgejf toálk ;]Ūejf gfd.
Od];' tL;' &fg];' lgƑųf cgfufldgá g]j pź+ uŞlƃ, g c±wëf. tŴ]j kl/lgƑfolƃ dg'Ƨnás]þ r ;]vf lulxefj] ofjhËj+
ltŪlƃ, g c;]vf. t] lx c/xų+ kųlbj;] kƑhlƃ jf, kl/lgƑlƃ jf. e'ƙb]j];' kg vL)f;jflk ofjhËj+ ltŪlƃ. %;'
sĕdfjr/b]j];' ;átfkƉ;sbfufldgáj ltŪlƃ, cgfufldgá kg tbx]j ¿kej+ uƃ'+ jũlt vL)f;j]g kl/lgƑft'lƃ
ux]tƑ+. Pj+ Odf;' ;ųjL;ltof e"dL;' kl/ofkƉdg'Ƨb]jƔƪnás]þ;' lgƑų;ų];' dg'Ƨfg+ tfj OdƸƨ a'ź'ƍfb]j jƧ;t+
cfo'ƍdf)+, cƍ+ jf leƜá. cfkflosĕg+, e'ƙb]jfgť sbflr cfo'kl/Ş]bá glŴ, sƙd]j kdf)+. t] lx ;ųfx]glk d/lƃ,
sƍlƕ ltŪƃLlt.
rft'dxf/flhsĕg+ kg dfg';sĕlg kţf; jƧflg Ps+þ /lųlƆj+, tfo /lųof Ƹt; /lųoá df;á, t]g df;]g
ƀfb;dfl;oá ;+jŞ/á, t]g ;+jŞ/]g lbƑflg kťjƧ;tflg cfo'ƍdf)+. tflg dg'Ƨu)gfo gj'ltjƧ;t;xƧflg xálƃ.
tfjƸt;fg+ dfg';s+þ jƧ;t+ Ps+þ /lųlƆj+ sŷf Pjdfut+ lbƑ+ jƧ;xƧ+. Pj+ ofdfbLg+ jƧu)gť lbu')+ sŷf x]lŪdtá
lbu')rt'Ʈ')+ cfo'ƍdf)+ j]lbtƑ+.
Ɣƪ];' kg Ɣƪkfl/;şĕg+ sƍƧ tltoá ef±uëf cfo'ƍdf)+, Ɣƪk'/álxtfg+ pkŬsƍá dxfƔƪfg+ Ps]ĕ sƍá,
kl/ųfefg+ ƀ] sƍflt Pj+ pk¿kl/ lbu')+ sŷf ofj ;'elsŲf oáh]tƑ+. ;'elsŲfg+ lx rt';lŪsƍ+ cfo'ƍdf)+, c;ţLg+,
j]xƎþnfgť kťsƍ;tflg, cljxfg+ sƍ;xƧlƃ pk¿kl/ lbu')j;]g ofj cslgŪf oáh]tƑ+. cslgŪfg+ lx
;áń;sƍ;xƧflg, c¿kfg+ rt'Ɖ+ oyfŊþd+ jL;lt, rųfl/, ;lŪ, rt'/f;Llt sƍ;xƧflg cfo'ƍdf)lƃ.
plŋųf k'ţt]h]g, sĕd¿kuƸt utf.
ejƮtlƕ ;ƕųf, k'gfuŞlƃ b'ƮƸtĶ
tfj bL#fo'sĕ ;ųf, rjlƃ cfo';řof.
glŴ s]ĕlr ejá lgŝá, Olt j'ų+ dx]l;gfĶ
tƨf lx wL/f lgksĕ, lgk')f cŴlrƃsĕ.
h/fd/)dáŋĕo, efj]lƃ dƮd'ųd+Ķ
efjloŷf ;'Ƹr dƮ+, lgƑfgáuwufldg+.
;Ƒf;j] kl/ţfo, kl/lgƑlƃ cgf;jfltĶ ‘lje01029’.
co+ %Ūjf/] goá.
;ųdá kg jf/á t];+ vƈfbLg+ cleţ]Ɯflbefjljefjgj;]g kjųá. tŴ lx _

æ¿kŋƈá cleţ]Ɯá, kl/ţ]Ɯá, g kxftƑá, g efj]tƑá, g ;lŞsĕtƑá. rųf/á vƈf cleţ]Ɯf
kl/ţ]Ɯf, l;of kxftƑf, l;of efj]tƑf, l;of ;lŞsĕtƑf, l;of g kxftƑf g efj]tƑf g
;lŞsĕtƑfÆltcflbgf _
ƀfb;lk s]ĕŪf;f ljŴf/tá ljeųf. tŴ nŋ)kl/Ʈflxsĕo kţfo vƈfboá ;Ƒ] wƙf cleţ]Ɯf. `fttL/)kxfgkl/ţf;'
oyfoáu+ ofo sĕolr kl/ţfo j;]g ;Ƒ]lk wƙf kl/ţ]Ɯf. nás'ų/wƙflk `ftkl/ţ]Ɯfj. cs';nf kg kxftƑf. d±Ʈëf
efj]tƑá, mþn+, lgƑfgť ;lŞsĕtƑ+. tŴ ¿kŋƈá `fttL/)j;]g kl/ţ]Ɯá. ljkƧgflj;o] lx ;Ƒ+ tL/)kl/ţfo
kl/ţ]Ɯlƃ. Oldgf go]g ;ƑŴ cleţ]Ɯflbefjá j]lbtƑá.
cŪdá kg jf/á t];+ ;f/ƙ)tfljefjgj;]g kjųá, gjdá kg];+ lbŪ;'td'tljţft];' ;śxbƧgj;]g. b;dá
s';nlųsĕbLlx ;/)b'skl/oá;fg]lx ltsb's]þlx ljefubƧgj;]g kjųá, t]lk x]Ūf j'ųgofjflt cod]Ŵ ;ř]ká, ljŴf/á
kg]Ŵ x]Ūf j'ųáo]j. cflbtá kŪfo ;ƑŴ ljeśkflńcŪsyf;' ‘lje0978cfboá¶ lje0cŪ0978 cfboá’ ux]tƑált.
wƙxboljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
ljeśdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
125
3= wft'syfdfltsĕ
Obflg ljeśdfltsĕgƃ/+ _
co+ wft'syfbLg+, ;ƕųf cŴjŰgf.
dfltsĕg+ otá tƨf, kťƉlƕ oyf/x+Ķ
cg'ųfgŴtá r]j, ;ř]k]gŴlgŞof.
ljeśgotá r]j, xált ;+jŰgfgoáĶ
tŴ wft'syfdfltsĕo tfj ;+jŰgf xált. ;f kg];f lgŋ]ktá kťwf l&tf _ godfltsĕ cưƃ/dfltsĕ
god'vdfltsĕ nŋ)dfltsĕ aflx/dfltsĕlt. tŴ æ;śxá, c;śxá»k]0 ljƍo'ų]g ;ślxt+ c;ślxtÆlƃ co+ r'Ź;lx
kb]lx lglŋųf ;śxflbs]þg go]g wft'syfo wƙf ljeųflt bƧ]t'+ &lktųf godfltsĕ gfd, of æd"ndfltsĕÆltlk j'ŝlt.
ækťŋƈf»k]0 dgl;sĕ/áÆlt co+ kťjL;flws]þg kb;t]g lglŋųf ;śxflbgo]g ljelhtƑefj]g wft'syfo
cưƃ/] Pj &lktųf cưƃ/dfltsĕ gfd, of æwft'syfdfltsĕÆltlk j'ŝlt.
ætLlx ;śxá, tLlx c;śxá, rt"lx ;ƕoá±uëf, rt"lx ljƍoá±uëfÆlt co+ rt"lx kb]lx lglŋųf vƈfbL;' r
s';nlųsĕbL;' r dfltsĕwƙ];' tLlx vƈfotgwft'kb]x]j ;śxá c;śxá r, tyf rt"lx c¿kŋƈ]lx ;ƕoá±uëf, ljƍoá±uëf
rflt Od];+ ;śxf;śxfbLg+ gofg+ d'vfgLlt bƧ]t'+ &lktųf god'vdfltsĕ gfd.
æ;ef±uëf lj;ef±uëfÆlt co+ ƀLlx kb]lx lglŋųf ;efulj;efunŋ)j;]g]j ;śxf;śxgof r]j
;ƕoáuljƍoáugof r xáƃLlt bƧ]t'+ &lktųf nŋ)dfltsĕ gfd. ;Ƒflk wƙ;ś)L wft'syfo dfltsĕlt co+ %;lŪ
ltskbflg, ƀ] r b'skb;tflg ;lřlkŷf lglŋųf wft'syf dfltsĕtá alx &lktųf aflx/dfltsĕ gfd. Pjd]ltƧf
kťljwfo dfltsĕo codg'ųfgŴjŰgf.
;śxáltcfbL;' lx ;śxá tfj hĕlt;ŧfltlsl/ofu)gj;]g rt'lƑ±wëf. tŴ æ;Ƒ] vlųof cfuŞƃ', of rfj';á
lj;fv, ;ƙfjfrf, oá r ;ƙfsƙƃá, oá r ;ƙfcfhËjá, Od] wƙf ;Lnŋƈ] ;ślxtfÆlt ‘d0lg01=462’ co+ hĕlt;śxá
gfd. æ;Ƒ] s]ĕ;nsĕ cfuŞƃ', oá rfj';á lj;fv, ;ƙfjfofdá, of r ;ƙf;lt, oá r ;ƙf;dflw, Od] wƙf ;dflwŋƈ]
;ślxtfÆlt ‘d0lg0 1=462’ co+ ;ŧflt;śxá gfd, PsŪfg] hĕlt;Ɨƈefj]g ;śxált cŴá. æ;Ƒ] xŴf/áxf cfuŞƃ',
of rfj';á lj;fv, ;ƙflblŪ, oá r ;ƙf;Řƍá, Od] wƙf kţfŋƈ] ;ślxtfÆlt ‘d0lg01=462’ co+ lsl/of;śxá gfd.
æxlť rŋĕotg+ ¿kŋƈu)g+ uŞlt, t]g jt /] jųƑ] ‚rŋĕotg+ ¿kŋƈ]g ;ślxtƒÆlƃ ‘syf0471’ co+ u)g;śxá
gfd, coldw clwƍ]tá. tƍlkŋ]g c;śxá j]lbtƑá. t];+ ljsƍtá ;ślxt]g c;ślxtfbLlg,
Ps'ƍfb]slg/áwPsjŴ'sPsĕ/ƙ)tfj;]g ;ƕoá±uëf, tƍlkŋtá ljƍoá±uëf, t];+ ljsƍtá ;ƕo'ų]g ljƍo'ųfbLlg,
tb'eo;+;Ʈljsƍtá ;ślxt]g ;ƕo'ų+ ljƍo'ųlƃcfbLlg r j]lbtƑflg. ;];+ j'ųŴd]j. co+ tfj]Ŵ cg'ųfgkbŴá.
;śxf;śxkbŴjŰgf
cŴljlgŞotá kg oƨf cưƃ/dfltsĕo ¿kŋƈfbLlg, aflx/dfltsĕo s';nfbLlg r æ;śxá c;śxáÆltcflbs]þlx
godfltsĕkb]lx ætLlx ;śxá, tLlx c;śxáÆltcflbgod'vdfltsĕj;]g oyf/x+ lgŹ];Ŵfo eujtf &lktflg, tƨf
vƈfbLg+ ;śxfbLg+ kflńo+ j'ųfg';f/]g]j ;ř]ktá cŴljlgŞoá xált. Oldgf go]g ljeśgoá ;Ŋĕ `ft'lƃ t+ lj;'+ g
jŋĕd.
tŴ ;śxf;śxjf/] vƈfg+ tfj co+ lgŹ];] goá _ ¿kŋƈá Ps]þg vƈ]g Psĕb;lx cfotg]lx Psĕb;lx wft"lx
;ślxtá. rt"lx vƈ]lx Ps]þgfotg]g ;ųlx wft"lx c;ślxtá. tŴ Psĕb;xLlt dgfotgjş]lx. wƙfotg]gflk lx
s]þlr ¿kwƙf ;ślxtf. Psĕb;xLlt ;ųljţf)wft'jşĕlx. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j.
j]bgfboá toá vƈf oyf;s+þ Ps]þg vƈ]g Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of ;ślxtf, rt"lx vƈ]lx Psĕb;lx
cfotg]lx ;ų/;lx wft"lx c;ślxtf, tyf ljţf)ŋƈálk. s]þjn+ kg]Ŵ ;ųlx ljţf)wft"lx ;ślxtá, Psĕb;lx wft"lx
c;ślxtált Pųsd]j lj;];á. tŴ lx j]bgfbLg+ ltŰ+ vƈfg+ Ps]þg wƙfotg]g r Psĕo wƙwft'of r ;ślxttf
j]lbtƑf. kflńo+ kg]Ŵ vƈkblgŹ];], pkl/ cfotgflblgŹ];];' r æ¿kŋƈá r j]bgfŋƈá r ƀLlx vƈ]lx Psĕb;xfotg]lx
Psĕb;lx wft"lx ;ślxtfÆltcflbgf ‘wft'015’ lƀd"nsĕlbgo]gflk ljŴf/goá ljeųá, ;álk Oldgf Psd"ngofg';f/]g
;ƑŴ ;'ljţ]Ɯált g ljŴf/loƛf. co+ vƈkblgŹ];goá.
cfotgwft'kbfglƕ vƈkb] j'ųfg';f/]g]j tLlx ;śxá, tLlx c;śxá r oyfoáu+ oáh]ŷf `ftƑá. s]þjn+ kg]Ŵ
wƙfotgwƙwft";' c;řtƧ vƈ;śxfefjf t+ &k]ŷf ;];fg+ vƈ];' ;śxá j]lbtƑá.
;ŝ];' b'ŋ;ŝ+ ;Ƒ]lx vƈfotgwft"lx. ;d'bodƮ;ŝflg ;řf/ŋƈ]g, wƙfotgwƙwft"lx r ;ślxtflg.
lg/áw;ŝ+ vƈ]g c;ślxt+, wƙfotgwƙwft"lx Pj ;ślxt+.
OlƇo];' hËljltlƇo+ ƀLlx ¿kŋƈ;řf/ŋƈ]lx. ;'lvlƇofbLlg kť j]bgfŋƈ]g ;źfbLlg ;řf/ŋƈ]g, ;Ƒflg
r]tflg hËljltlƇofbLlg, OlŴlƇok'l/l;lƇofbLlglk wƙfotgwƙwft"lx ;ślxtflg. ;]l;lƇoflg ;'ljţ]Ɯflg.
klŝ;d'ƍfb];' gfd¿k+ ljţf)jlşt]lx rt"lx vƈ]lx, Psĕb;lx cfotgwft"lx r ;ślxt+. PŴ lx kjlųo+
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gfd¿kƧflk ulxtųf ;Źfotglƕ ulxtlƃ j]lbtƑ+. ;ńfotg+ ƀLlx vƈ]lx, k;fbljţf)e"t]lx %lx cfotg]lx, ƀfb;lx
wft"lx ;ślxt+. pkklųejá kg sĕdeje"tá kťlx vƈ]lx, ;Źfotgjlşt]lx Psĕb;lx cfotg]lx, ;ų/;lx wft"lx.
¿kejá kťlx vƈ]lx, ;Źflbrt'Ŋþ#fgflbųotlƑţf)jş]lx kťxfotg]lx, cŪlx wft"lx ;ślxtá. c;ţLejá Ps]þg
¿kŋƈ]g, ¿kwƙj;]g ƀLlx cfotgwft"lx ;ślxtá. #fgflbųo+ kg]Ŵ cfotgflblsŝfs/)tá cfotgwft"lx c;ślxtlƕ
¿kŋƈ]g ;ślxtlƃ bŪƑ+. ejƧ r Psƃd'kflbƉųf kjlųljkfsĕg+ rŋ'ljţf)fbLg+ ux±)ëlk cg'kflbƉ;ŹfotgƧ Ow
cƮx)+ bŪƑ+. c¿kejá rt"lx vƈ]lx ƀLlx cfotgwft"lx. hĕlth/fd/)flg gfd¿kwƙfg+ nŋ)ųf ƀLlx
¿kŋƈ;řf/ŋƈ]lx. ;ásb'ŋbádgƧflg j]bgfŋƈ]g. pkfof;á ;řf/ŋƈ]g, wƙfotgwƙwft"lx r ;ślxtá. kl/b]já
¿kŋƈ;Źfotg;Źwft"lx. ;];flg kg]Ŵ klŝ;d'ƍfbśflg, ;ltkŪfg;ƙƍwfgf r ;'ljţ]Ɯfj.
Olźkfbf ƀLlx vƈ]lx, cfotg]lx, wft"lx ;ślxtf. PŴ r lrlųlźkfbƧ wƙwft'dgáljţf)wft'lgodtá
;áń;lx wft"lx c;śxá j]lbtƑá. ´fgflg ƀLlx j]bgf;řf/ŋƈ]lx, Ps]þgfotg]g, Psĕo wft'of r ;ślxtflg. cƍdţf
Ps]þg vƈ]g, Ps]þg cfotg]g, Psĕo wft'of ;ślxtf. Pj+ klťlƇofbLlglk. s]þjn+ kg lrų+ ;ųlx ljţf)wft"lx
;ślxtlƃ Pųsd]j lj;];á. ;Ƒ];lƕ r]; j'ųfj;];l] x vƈfotgwft"lx c;ślxtefjá j]lbtƑá.
Oldgf go]g aflx/dfltsĕolk æs';nf wƙf, cs';nf wƙf rt"lx vƈ]lx, ƀLlx cfotg]lx, wft"lx ;ślxtf.
cƓfstf kg c;řt+ vƈtá &k]ŷf kťlx vƈ]lx ƀfb;lx cfotg]lx cŪf/;lx wft"lx ;ślxtfÆltcflbgf oáh]ŷf
;śxf;śxá `ftƑált cod]Ŵ ;ř]ká, ljŴf/á kg wft'syfkflńcŪsyf;' ‘wft'077cfboá¶ wft'0cŪ077’ ux]tƑált.
lglŪtá æ;śxá c;śxáÆlt kbƧ
cŴljlgŞoá.
;ślxt]gc;ślxtkbŴjŰgf
;ślxt]gc;ślxtkb] ;Ƒ];+ ¿kŋƈflbkbfg+ lgŹ];á g ;Ƙjlt. oflg kg]Ŵ kbflg ¿k]sb];+, c¿k]g
c;lƙƧ+ ljţf±)ësb];ť cţ]g c;lƙƧ+ bLk]lƃ, t];ldw lgŹ];á. tflg kg dgfotgwƙfotgjlştfg+ b;fotgfg+,
wƙwft'jlştfg+ ;ų/;Ɖ+ wft"g+, ;ų¿lklƇofgť j;]g j]lbtƑflg, g ¿kŋƈfbLg+. t]g]j kflńo+ _
æb;fotgf ;ų/; wft'oá,
;lųlƇof c;ţfejá Psjásĕ/ejá.
kl/b]já ;lgbƧg;ƍl#+,
clgbƧg+ k'gb]j ;ƍl#+ pkfbfÆltĶ ‘wft'0178’ _
Pj+ pŹfgufyf j'ųf. ¿kŋƈ]g lx ¿kŋƈáj ;ślxtá, Pj+ j]bgfŋƈfbLlx r j]bgfŋƈfboáj. t]lk r o]lx s]þlxlr
cfotgwft"lx c;ślxtf gfd gŴLlt t];+ ;ślxt]g c;ślxtųfefjf oyfj'ųfotgfg+ j;]g]j]Ŵ cŴljlgŞoá xált. Ob+
x]Ŵ nŋ)+ _ o+ vƈkb]g ;ślxt+ x'ŷf cfotgwft'kb]lx c;ślxt+, vƈfotgkb]lx jf ;ślxt+ x'ŷf wft'kb]g c;ślxt+,
tƧ vƈfotgwft"lx c;śxá j'ŝlt. sy+Ġ rŋĕotg]g o] wƙf vƈ;śx]g ;ślxtf, cfotg;śx]g, wft';śx]g r
c;ślxtf, t] wƙf sltlx vƈ]lx, cfotg]lx, wft"lx c;ślxtfĠ t] wƙf rt"lx vƈ]lx ƀLlx cfotg]lx cŪlx wft"lx
c;ślxtf. Pj+ ¿kfotgfbL;'lk k;fblj;oe"t];' wft";', ¿lklƇofbL;' r oáhgŊþdá j]lbtƑá.
tŶfo+ goá _ rŋĕotg]g o] ¿kwƙf vƈ;śx]g ¿kŋƈált ;ślxtf, cfotgwft';śx]g rŋĕotg]g c;ślxtf,
rŋ'wft'of c;ślxtf, rŋĕotgrŋ'wft"lx PsƧ]j]tƧ rŋ'Ƨ lj;'+ cfotgwft";' ;ślxtųf t] rŋĕotglj/lxtf ;Ƒ] ¿kwƙf
rt"lx c¿kŋƈ]lx rŋĕotg+ dgfotglƃ ƀLlx cfotg]lx rŋ'wft' ;ųljţf)wft"lt cŪlx wft"lx c;ślxtf. pkl/
¿kfotgfbL;'lk P;]j goá. OdƸƨ lx jf/] rŋĕotgƧ cųgá tLlxlk vƈfotgwft';śx]lx ;ślxttfo c;ślxtųfefjf
vƈ;śx]g ;ślxt+, cfotg;śx]g c;ślxt+, wft';śx]g c;ślxtlƃ Pj+ tLlxlk ;ślxtf;ślxtlj;];g]lx ljl;ŪƧ]j
æsltlx vƈ]xLÆltcflbgf vƈfbLlx c;śxƧ j'ŝdfgųf r c¿kŋƈ]lx ;x alxe"ttf j]lbtƑf. oyf r]Ŵ rŋĕotg]g
pknlŋtfg+ ¿kwƙfg+o]j ;ślxt]g c;ślxttf, g rŋĕotgƧ, Pj+ pkl/ ¿kfotgfbLlx pknlŋtjf/]lk oyf/x+
`ftƑf.
;];];' kg rŋ'ljţf)wft'of o] wƙf vƈ;śx]g ;ślxtf, cfotg;śx]g ;ślxtf, wft';śx]g c;ślxtf, t]
wƙf rt"lx vƈ]lx Psĕb;lx cfotg]lx ƀfb;lx wft"lx c;ślxtf. Pj+ ;];ljţf)wft";'lk. klŝ;d'ƍfbś];'
c;ţLej]g o] wƙf»k]0 t] wƙf rt"lx vƈ]lx b;xfotg]lx ;áń;lx wft"lx c;ślxtf. pkfbfwƙ]lx o] wƙf»k]0 t]
wƙf rt"lx vƈ]lx Psĕb;xfotg]lx ;ų/;lx wft"lx c;ślxtflt Od] rųf/á jf/f ck'Ƒlj;];f ;dfo]j. tŴ
rŋ'ljţf)jf/] ƀfb;xLlt % ljţf)wft'oá jş]ŷf cj;];flx wft"lx ;];f % ljţf)wft'oáj vƈfotg;śx]lx ;ślxtf,
wft';śx]g]j c;ślxtf. cj;];flx ƀfb;lx wft"lx c;ślxtflt. P; goá ;];ljţf)wft";'lk.
b'lto] tLxfotg]xLlt ¿kfotgwƙfotgdgfotg]lx. c;lţƔƪnás]þ lx ¿kfotgwƙfotgj;]g ƀ] cfotgflg
pkklųejefj]g kflńo+ cfutflg, t] kg vƈ]lx ;ślxtflg, cfotgwft";' c;ślxtflg. tbj;];flg gj ¿kfotgflg,
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tflg t]x]j r ƀLlx dgfotgwƙfotg]lx r c;ślxtflg gfd xálƃ. gjlx wft"xLlt ¿kwft'wƙwft"lx ;Ƹź ;ųlx
ljţf)wft"lx.
tlto] b;xLlt ¿kfotgwƙfotgjş]lx. ;áń;xLlt ¿kwft'wƙwft'jşĕlx. clgbƧg;ƍl#flg gfd gj
cáńfl/sĕotgflg, tflg t]lx vƈ;śx]g ;ślxtflg, cfotgwft';śx]lx r c;ślxtflg, ¿kfotgwƙfotgflg ƀ]lk ;];]lx
cfotgwft"lx c;ślxtflg gfd xálƃ.
rt'Ŵ] Psĕb;xLlt mþáŪƑfotgjş]lx mþáŪƑfotgƧ pkfbfwƙ]lx cfotgfbL;' c;ślxtųf. ;];+
;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. co+ ;ślxt]gc;ślxtkb] goá.
c;ślxt]g;ślxtkbŴjŰgf
c;ślxt]g;ślxtkb] kg oflg kbflg ljţf±)ëg jf cáńfl/s¿k]g jf c;lƙƧ+ wƙfotg]sb];+ bLk]lƃ, tfg]j
lglŹ;Lolƃ, tflg kg j]bgfbLg+ ltŰ+ vƈfg+, b'ŋ;ŝjlştfg+ ltŰ+ ;ŝfg+, k;fbdgájlştfg+ ;áń;Ɖ+ OlƇofg+,
cljşĕ;řf/mþƧj]bgftŲ'kfbfgsƙejhĕlth/fd/);ásb'ŋbádgƧ'kfof;j;]g r'Ź;kŝofsĕ/kbfgť j;]g j]lbtƑflg, g
¿kŋƈfbLg+. t]g]j cŪsyfo+ _
ætoá vƈf tyf ;ŝf, OlƇoflg r ;áń;.
kbflg kŝofsĕ/], r'Ź;"kl/ r'Ź;Ķ
æ;dƸt; kbf xálƃ, ±uëfŞs]þ;' b;Ʃy.
b'j] r"ńƃ/b'sĕ, cŪ xálƃ dxƃ/fÆltĶ ‘wft'0cŪ0179’ _
Pj+ pŹfgufyf j'ųf. Ob+ x]Ŵ nŋ)+ _ o+ vƈkb]g c;ślxt+, cfotgwft'kb]lx ;ślxt+, tƧ]j tLlx lj;];g]lx ljl;ŪƧ
vƈfbLlx ;śxá j'ŝlt. sy+Ġ j]bgfŋƈ]g o] wƙf vƈ;śx]g c;ślxtf, cfotgwft';śx]lx ;ślxtf, t] wƙf sltlx
vƈ]lx, cfotg]lx, wft"lx ;ślxtfĠ t] wƙf c;řt+ vƈtá &k]ŷf tLlx vƈ]lx Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of ;ślxtflt.
tŶfo+ goá _ j]bgfŋƈ]g lx lgƑfg+, ;'v'd¿k+, ;ţf;řf/f r vƈ;śx]g c;ślxtf x'ŷf
wƙfotgwƙwft';śx]g ;ślxtf. t];' lgƑfg+ vƈ;śx+ g uŞlt, ;];f tLlx ¿k;ţf;řf/ŋƈ]lx ;śx+ uŞlƃ,
cfotgwft'oá kg]Ŵ wƙfotgwƙwft"g+ j;]g]j ;ƑŴ j]lbtƑf Ot/f;+ c;Ƙjf, Od];' r lgƑfglƕ ;śx+ uŞlt. t]g]j
lx æc;řt+ vƈtá &k]ŷfÆlt j'ų+. tƧfodŴá _ vƈ;śx] Pj c;řt+ &k]ŷf, g Ot/;śx];"lt Pj+ ;ţfŋƈfbL;'lk
oáhgf j]lbtƑf. co+ kg lj;];á _ hËljltlƇo]g o] wƙf»k]0 t] wƙf ƀLlx j]bgf;ţfŋƈ]lx ;ślxtf,
¿kf¿khËljltlƇo]lx lgƑfgj]bgf;ţfljţf)ŋƈf vƈ;śx]g c;ślxtf, t];' r lgƑfgj]bgf;ţfj cfotgwft';śx]g
;ślxtflt. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. co+ c;ślxt]g;ślxtkb] goá.
;ślxt]g;ślxtkbŴjŰgf
;ślxt]g;ślxtkb] kg oflg kbflg ;řf/]sb];+ cţ]g c;lƙƧ+ bLk]lƃ j]bg]sb];+ jf ;'v'd¿k+ jf ;Ź]sb];+
jf, tfg]j lglŹ;Lolƃ. vƈfotgwft";' Pslƕ s]ĕŪf;+ ;sn]g ux]ŷf l&tkbflg g o'şlƃ. tflg kg lƀƉ+
;d'bodƮ;ŝfg+, kƉ/l;lƇofg+, Psĕb;klŝkbfbLgť j;]g j]lbtƑflg. Ob+ x]Ŵ nŋ)+ _ o+ cųgf vƈflbj;]g
;ślxt]lx vƈflbtá ;ślxt+, tƧ]j k&d+ pźkbƧ k'g vƈfbLlx ;śxá j'ŝlt.
tŶfo+ cflbkb] goá _ ;d'bo;ŝ]g o] wƙf vƈfbLlx tLlx ;śx]lxlk ;ślxtf, t]lx wƙ]lx o] wƙf vƈfbLlx
tLlxlk ;ślxtf, t] wƙf Ps]þg vƈ]g Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of ;ślxtflt. ;d'bo;ŝ]g lx tŲfjşĕ ;];f ;řf/f
vƈfbLlx ;śx]lx ;ślxtf, k'g t]lx r tŲfj ;ślxtf, ;f r k'g ;řf/ŋƈwƙfotgwƙwft"lx ;ślxtf. ;];];'lk P;]j
goá. co+ ;ślxt]g;ślxtkb] goá.
c;ślxt]gc;ślxtkbŴjŰgf
c;ślxt]gc;ślxtkb] kg oflg kbflg kťŋƈufxs]þlx b'ŋ;ŝfbLlx, ljţf±)ëg ;Ƹź ;'v'd¿kufxs]þlx
cr]tl;sĕbLlx r kb]lx ljjlştflg ¿kŋƈfbLlg, tfg]j lglŹ;Lolƃ. Ob+ x]Ŵ nŋ)+ _ o+ k&d+ pź]g ¿kŋƈflbkb]g
vƈflbtá c;ślxt+, o+ t]lx c;ślxt+, tƧ]j k'g vƈfbLlx c;śxá j'ŝlt.
tŶfo+ Pskboáhgf _ ¿kŋƈ]g o] wƙf vƈfbLlx tLlxlk c;śx]lx c;ślxtf, t]lx wƙ]lx o] wƙf vƈfbLlx
tLlx c;ślxtf, t] wƙf Ps]þg vƈ]g Ps]þgfotg]g ;ųlx wft"lx c;ślxtf. ¿kŋƈ]g lx rųf/á vƈf, lgƑfgť
vƈ;śx]g c;ślxtf, cfotgfbLlx kg ljţf)d]j &k]ŷf j]bgfboá wƙfotg]g ¿kŋƈ]sb];]g ;ślxtflt ljţf)d]j
tLlxlk vƈ;śxfbLlx ¿kŋƈ]g c;ślxt+ gfd. t]g k'g ljţf±)ëg ;Ƹź ;lgƑfgf rųf/á vƈf vƈfbLlx c;ślxtf, t]
;Ƒ]lk k'g ljţf)e"t]g Ps]þg vƈ]g Ps]þgfotg]g ;ųlx wft"lx c;ślxtflt. co+ c;ślxt]gc;ślxtkb] goá.
128
;ƕoáuljƍoáukbŴjŰgf
;ƕoáuljƍoáukb] kg oflg kbflg lgƑfg]g, ¿k]g jf ldƧ];' ;ų;' ljţf)wft";' Psĕolk cljƍo'ų] c¿kwƙ]
ksĕ;]lƃ, t];+ wƙfotgb'ŋ;ŝfbLg+ lgŹ];á g ;Ƙjlt. sĕlxlr kg ljţf)wft"lx ljƍo'ųfg+ ¿kldƧf¿kwƙfg+,
s]þjnfgf/ƙ)fg+ jf ;sn¿kŋƈfg+ jf ksĕ;sĕg+ ¿kej¿kŋƈs';nflbkbfg+ ;ƕoáukb] Pj lgŹ];á g ;Ƙjlt, ljƍoáukb]
kg ;Ƙjlt. c¿kŋƈfg+ kg kŝ]s+þ, lƀƉ+, ltŰ+, tb]sb];fg+ jf tb'eo]lk ;Ƙjlt. ært"lx ;ƕoá±uëf, rt"lx
ljƍoá±uëf, ;ef±uëf lj;ef±uëfÆlt lx jrgtá rt"lx c¿kŋƈ]x]j ;efufg+ Ps;ƃfg] Psŋ±)ëj pƍƉfg+ c¿kŋƈfg+ Pj
cţdţ+ ;ƕoá±uëf nưlt. ¿kwƙfg+ kg ¿k]g, lgƑfg]g jf, lgƑfgƧ r ¿k]g ;Ƹź ;ƕoá±uëf gfd glŴ, tyf
¿klgƑfgfg+ c¿kŋƈ]lx. lj;efuf lx t] t];+ oyf c¿kŋƈfg+ ¿klgƑfg]lx, Pj+ leƉ;ƃflgs]þlx gfgŋl)s]þlx
c¿kwƙ]lxlk ;Ƹź glŴo]j. t]lk lx t];+ ;ƃfgŋ)lj;efutfo lj;efuf Pj. co+ kg lj;efutf Ow ;fdţtá g
ulxtf t];+ clj;];]g ;ƕoáuƧflk ;Ƙjf. oŴ kg lj;];]ŷf rŋ'ljţf)t+;ƕo'ųfboá lglŋųf, tŴfolƕ lj;efutf
ulxtf. oŴ kg o] clgźfl/tlj;];gf, tŴflk ;Ƒyf ;ƕoáunŋ)+ g ;Ƙjlt. ;á r tƧ Psƃ]g lj;ef±uëflt Ow
uƞlt.
tŶfo+ goá _ ¿kŋƈá s]þglr ;ƕo'ųáltĠ glŴ. sltlx ljƍo'ųáĠ rt"lx vƈ]lx Ps]þgfotg]g ;ųlx wft"lx
ljƍo'ųá, Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of s]þlxlr ljƍo'ųá. P; goá rŋĕotgflbcgf/ƙ±)ë;'lk. ;f/ƙ±)ë;' kg j]bgfŋƈá
tLlx vƈ]lx Ps]þgfotg]g ;ųlx wft"lx ;ƕo'ųá, Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of s]þlxlr ;ƕo'ųá. Ps]þg vƈ]g b;lx
cfotg]lx b;lx wft"lx ljƍo'ųá, Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of s]þlxlr ljƍo'ųá. P; goá ;ţfŋƈfbL;'lk.
tŴ Ps]þgflt dgfotg]g. ;ųxLlt ljţf)wft"lx. s]þlxrLlt wƙfotgwƙwft'kl/ofkƉ]lx j]bgf;ţf;řf/]lx.
b'ltogo] tLxLlt cųfg+ &k]ŷf ;];]lx c¿kŋƈ]lx. s]þlxlr ljƍo'ųált wƙfotgwƙwft";' ;ţf;řf/]lx. s]þlxlr
ljƍo'ųált ¿klgƑfg]lx. Pj+ pkl/lk ;ƑŴ oyfg'¿k+ `ftƑ+. ;];+ j'ųgod]j. co+ kg lj;];á æ;d'bodƮ;ŝfboá
Psĕo dgáljţf)wft'of ;ƕo'ųf, clwdáŋ]ĕ kg dgáwft'dgáljţf)wft"lx ƀLx]jfÆlt. co+ ;ƕoáuljƍoáukb] goá.
;ƕo'ų]gljƍo'ųkbŴjŰgf
;ƕo'ų]gljƍo'ųkb] kg ;ƕoáuf/xkb];' oflg kbflg wƙwft'of ;ƕo'ų] wƙ], ljţf)ť cţ]g c;lƙƧ+ bLk]lƃ,
t];d]j lgŹ];á. tflg kg rt'Ɖ+ c¿kŋƈkbfg+, dgfotgƧ, ;ųƉ+ ljţf)wft"g+, dgák]ŋĕj;]g lƀƉ+ OlƇofg+,
ljţf)mþƧj]bgfg+ ltŰ+ klŝ;d'ƍfbkbfg+, mþƧ;ųsƧ, cb'ŋd;'v;ljtŊþ;ljrf/pk]ŋĕ;xutfg+ j;]g ltŰ+ ltskbfg+,
;ųdxƃ/b'skbfbLgť j;]g j]lbtƑflg, g Ot/];+ c;Ƙjf. t]g]j cŪsyfo+ _
ærųf/á vƈfotgť Ps+þ,
ƀ] OlƇof wft'kbflg ;ų.
toá klŝf cy mþƧ;ųs+þ,
lts]þ toá ;ų dxƃ/] r.
Ps+þ ;ljtŊ+þ ;ljrf/d]s+þ,
o'ų+ pk]ŋĕo r Psd]jfÆltĶ ‘wft'0cŪ0306’ _
pŹfgufyf j'ųf. Ob+ x]Ŵ nŋ)+ _ o] wƙf k&d+ pźkb]g ;ƕo'ųf, t]lx o] wƙf ljƍo'ųf, t];+ vƈfbLlx ljƍoá±uëf
j'ŝlt.
tŶfo+ goá _ j]bgfŋƈ]g o] wƙf ;ƕo'ųf, t]lx wƙ]lx o] wƙf ljƍo'ųf, t] wƙf rt"lx vƈ]lx Ps]þgfotg]g
;ųlx wft"lx ljƍo'ųf, Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of s]þlxlr ljƍo'ųf. rŋ'ljţf)wft'of o] wƙf ;ƕo'ųf, t]lx wƙ]lx o]
wƙf ljƍo'ųf, t] wƙf g s]þlxlr vƈfotg]lx ljƍo'ųf, Psĕo kg wft'of ljƍo'ųflt Pj+ ;ƑŴ oáhgf j]lbtƑf.
tŴ t] wƙflt ¿klgƑfgwƙf, t] j]bgfo ;ƕo'ų]lx ljƍo'ųf. Ps]þgflt dgfotg]g. b'ltogo] t] wƙflt
;ƍLltsĕ t] wƙf. g s]þlxrLlt k&d+ pź+ rŋ'ljţf)wft'+ &k]ŷf ;];f %ljţf)wft", t+;ƕo'ųf, ¿k+, lgƑfgť. t]lx
;Ƒ];+ vƈfotgfg+ ;ślxtųf g s]þlxlr vƈ]lx, cfotg]lx jf ljƍo'ųf. g lx ;o+ cųgf ljƍo'şlt, ;ƕo'şlt jflt.
Psĕoflt rŋ'ljţf)wft'of. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. co+ ;ƕo'ų]gljƍo'ųkb] goá.
ljƍo'ų]g;ƕo'ųkbŴjŰgf
ljƍo'ų]g;ƕo'ųkb] kg ljƍo'ų]g ;ƕo'ųá gfd wƙá glŴ, b];gf;ƕbdųfo kg dá#ƕ]t+ kb+ pź+, t]g]j
kflńo+ ;Ƒjf/];'lk æglŴ glŴÆ Oŝ]j j'ų+. ¿kŋƈflbcgf/ƙ)wƙ]lx ljƍo'ųf rųf/á vƈf, t];ť cţ]lx ;ƕoá±uëf
glŴ. j]bgfbLlxlk ¿klgƑfgfbLlg ljƍo'ųflg, t];ť s]þglr ;ƕoá±uëfj gŴLlt. co+ ljƍo'ų]g;ƕo'ųkb] goá.
;ƕo'ų]g;ƕo'ųkbŴjŰgf
129
;ƕo'ų]g;ƕo'ųkb] kg oflg kbflg ¿k]g c;lƙƧ+ c¿kŋƈ]sb];d]j bLk]lƃ, t];d]j lgŹ];á, g
¿kf¿k;lƙƧfg+, ;Ƒ¿kŋƈbLksĕg+ t];+ ;ƕo'ųtfoáufefjf. ;Ƒf¿kŋƈ]gflk lx s';nflbgf cţá ;ƕo'ųá gfd glŴ. Ob+
x]Ŵ nŋ)+ _ o] wƙf k&d+ pźf, cųgf ;ƕo'ų]g k'g ;ƕo'ųf, t];ţ]j vƈfbLlx ;ƕoá±uëf j'ŝlt.
tŶfo+ goá _ j]bgfŋƈ]g o] wƙf ;ƕo'ųf, t]lx wƙ]lx o] wƙf ;ƕo'ųf, t] wƙf tLlx vƈ]lx Ps]þgfotg]g
;ųlx wft"lx ;ƕo'ųf, Ps]þgfotg]g»k]0 s]þlxlr ;ƕo'ųf. ;d'bo;ŝ]g o] wƙf ;ƕo'ųf, t]lx wƙ]lx o] wƙf ;ƕo'ųf,
t] wƙf tLlx vƈ]lx Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo dgáljţf)wft'of ;ƕo'ųf, Ps]þg vƈ]g Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of s]þlxlr
;ƕo'ųflt. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. co+ ;ƕo'ų]g;ƕo'ųkb] goá.
ljƍo'ų]gljƍo'ųkbŴjŰgf
ljƍo'ų]gljƍo'ųkb] kg ;ƕoáukb] j'ųkbfg]j lglŹ;Lolƃ. Ob+ x]Ŵ nŋ)+ _ o] wƙf k&d+ pźkb]g
ljƍo'ų]lx k'g ljƍo'ųf, t];+ vƈfbLlx ljƍoá±uëf j'ŝlt.
tŶfo+ goá _ ¿kŋƈ]g o] wƙf ljƍo'ųf, t]lx wƙ]lx o] wƙf ljƍo'ųf, t] wƙf rt"lx vƈ]lx Ps]þgfotg]g
;ųlx wft"lx ljƍo'ųf, Ps]þgfotg]g»k]0 s]þlxlr ljƍo'ųf. j]bgfŋƈ]g o] wƙf ljƍo'ųf, t]lx wƙ]lx o] wƙf ljƍo'ųf,
t] wƙf Ps]þg vƈ]g b;xfotg]lx b;lx wft"lx ljƍo'ųf, Ps]þg»k]0 s]þlxlr ljƍo'ųflt. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. co+
ljƍo'ų]gljƍo'ųkb] goá.
;ślxt]g;ƕo'ųljƍo'ųkbŴjŰgf
;ślxt]g;ƕo'ųljƍo'ųkb] kg ;ślxt]g;ślxtkb] lglŹŪflg ;d'bo;ŝflbkbfg]j lglŹ;Lolƃ. Ob+ x]Ŵ
nŋ)+ _ o] wƙf k&d+ pźkb]g vƈfbLlx tLlxlk ;ślxtf, t];+ vƈfbLlx ;ƕoá±uëf, ljƍoá±uëf r j'ŝlt.
tŶfo+ goá _ ;d'bo;ŝ]g o] wƙf vƈfbLlx tLlxlk ;śx]lx ;ślxtf, t] wƙf tLlx vƈ]lx Ps]þgfotg]g ;ųlx
wft"lx ;ƕo'ųf, Ps]þg vƈ]g Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of s]þlxlr ;ƕo'ųf. Ps]þg vƈ]g b;xfotgwft"lx ljƍo'ųf,
Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of s]þlxlr ljƍo'ųf. OlŴlƇo]g o] wƙf vƈfbLlx tLlxlk ;ślxtf, t] wƙf g s]þlxlr ;ƕo'ųf,
rt"lx vƈ]lx Ps]þgfotg]g ;ųlx wft"lx ljƍo'ųf, Ps]þg»k]0 s]þlxlr ljƍo'ųflt.
tŴ Ps]þgflt dgfotg]g. Ps]þg vƈ]gflt ;řf/ŋƈ]g. s]þlxrLlt ;řf/ŋƈ] tŲfo wƙfotgwƙwft";'
tŲfj]bgf;ţflx. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. co+ ;ślxt]g;ƕo'ųljƍo'ųkb] goá.
;ƕo'ų]g;ślxtf;ślxtkbŴjŰgf
;ƕo'ų]g;ślxtf;ślxtkb] kg ;ƕo'ų]g;ƕo'ųkb] lglŹŪflg j]bgfŋƈflbkbfg]j lglŹ;Lolƃ. Ob+ x]Ŵ nŋ)+
_ o] wƙf k&d+ pźkb]g ;ƕo'ųf, t];+ vƈfbLlx ;śxá, c;śxá r j'ŝlt.
tŶfo+ goá _ j]bgfŋƈ]g o] wƙf ;ƕo'ųf, t] wƙf tLlx vƈ]lx ƀLlx cfotg]lx cŪlx wft"lx ;ślxtf, ;];]lx
c;ślxtf. ljţf)ŋƈ]g o] wƙf ;ƕo'ųf, t] wƙf tLlx vƈ]lx Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of ;ślxtf, ;];]lx
c;ślxtflt.
tŴ tLxLlt ;ţfŋƈfbLlx tLlx. t]lx j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųf. ƀLxLlt wƙfotgdgfotg]lx. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j.
co+ ;ƕo'ų]g;ślxtf;ślxtkb] goá.
c;ślxt]g;ƕo'ųljƍo'ųkbŴjŰgf
c;ślxt]g;ƕo'ųljƍo'ųkb] kg oflg kbflg ;'v'd¿k+ cljţf)+, c¿k+ ;ljţf)+ jf, s]þjn+ c¿k+ jf
y"n¿kƧlk s]þjn+ jf, ;'v'd¿k+ bLk]lƃ, t];d]j lgŹ];á Ob+ x]Ŵ nŋ)+ _ o] wƙf k&d+ pźwƙ]lx vƈfbLlx tLlxlk
c;ślxtf, t];+ vƈfbLlx ;ƕoá±uëf, ljƍoá±uëf r j'ŝlt.
tŶfo+ goá _ ¿kŋƈ]g o] wƙf vƈfbLlx c;ślxtf, t] wƙf tLlx vƈ]lx ;ƕo'ųf, Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of
s]þlxlr ;ƕo'ųf, Ps]þg vƈ]g b;lx cfotgwft"lx ljƍo'ųf, Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of s]þlxlr ljƍo'ųf. Pj+
wƙfotgOlŴlƇofbL;'lk oáhgf.
c¿kej]g o] wƙf vƈfbLlx c;ślxtf, t] ;ƕo'ųflt glŴ. t] rt"lx vƈ]lx Ps]þgfotg]g ;ųlx wft"lx
ljƍo'ųf, Ps]þgfotg]g Psĕo wft'of s]þlxlr ljƍo'ųf. Pj+ Olźkfbs';nflbkb];'lk oáhgf.
tŴ ¿kŋƈ]g ljţf)Ƨ]j tLlxlk c;ślxtųf tƧ tLlx j]bgfbLlx ;ƕoá±uëf, Ot/]lx r ljƍoá±uëf `ftƑá. ;];+
;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. co+ c;ślxt]g;ƕo'ųljƍo'ųkb] goá.
130
ljƍo'ų]g;ślxtf;ślxtkbŴjŰgf
ljƍo'ų]g;ślxtf;ślxtkb] kg oflg kbflg s]þjnfg+ ;f/ƙ)fg+, cgf/ƙ)fg+ jf wƙfg+ ksĕ;sĕlg r
;efjhĕlte"ldsĕn;ƃfgj;]g leƉtfo s]þlxlr c¿kŋƈ]lx ljƍo'ųfg+ cgf/ƙ)wƙldƧf¿kŋƈfg+ ksĕ;sĕlg
b'ŋ;ŝcƓfstkl/ųctLtcŢųflbkbflg, t];d]j lgŹ];á Ot/];+
wƙfotghËljltlƇogfd¿k;ńfotghĕlth/fd/)cŢųalxźfclgbƧgcƍl#gx]t'cfbLg+ t];+ s]þglr ljƍoáuf;Ƙjf. Ob+
x]Ŵ nŋ)+ _ o] wƙf k&d+ pźkb]g ljƍo'ųf, t];+ vƈfbLlx ;śxá, c;śxá r j'ŝlt.
tŶfo+ goá _ ¿kŋƈ]g o] wƙf ljƍo'ųf, t] wƙf rt"lx vƈ]lx ƀLxfotg]lx cŪlx wft"lx ;ślxtf, Ps]þg
vƈ]g b;lx cfotgwft"lx c;ślxtf. b'ŋ;ŝ]g o] wƙf ljƍo'ųf, t] wƙf rt"lx vƈ]lx ƀLxfotg]lx ƀLlx wft"lx
;ślxtf. tŴ b'ŋ;ŝ]g ljƍo'ųf gfd nás'ų/lrųr]tl;sĕlg, t] r wƙf j]bgfŋƈflbrt'ŋƈ]lx dgáljţf)wƙwft'j;]g
ƀLlx wft"lx ;ślxtflt. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. co+ ljƍo'ų]g;ślxtf;ślxtkb] goá. cod]Ŵ ;ř]ktá ljeśgo]g ;Ƹź
cŴlgŞoá, ljŴf/á kg wft'syfkflńcŪsyf;' ‘wft'012 wft'0cŪ01-2’ ux]tƑált.
wft'syfdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
4= k'Ʈnkţlųdfltsĕ
PssdfltsŴjŰgf
Obflg k'Ʈnkţlųdfltsĕ;+jŰgfgoá xált. tŴ cg'ųfgŴtá tfj % kţlųoált PŴ æcflrŋlt b];]lt kţk]lt
kŪk]tLÆlt ‘;+0lg0 2=20’ cfutŪfg] ;ƆƧgf ksĕ;gf kţlų gfd. æ;'kţų+ dťkL&Ælƃ ‘kf/f0 269’ cfutŪfg]
&kgf lglŋkgf kţlų gfd, Ow peolƕ jũlt. % kţlųoált lx % kţfkgf % ;ƆƧgf ksĕ;gfltlk, % &kgf
lglŋkgfltlk j'ų+ xált. gfdkţlųo]j lx t] t] ljşdfgfljşdfg] wƙ] ;ƆƧ]tLltlk. t]g t]g s]ĕŪf;]g &k]tLltlk.
vƈkţųLltcflb kg ;ř]ktá tf;+ kţųLg+ ;¿kbƧg+. tŴ vƈfg+ ævƈfÆlt kţfkgf ;ƆƧgf ksĕ;gf r &kgf lglŋkgf
r vƈkţlų gfd»k]0 k'Ʈnfg+ æk'ƮnfÆlt kţfkgf ;ƆƧgf ksĕ;gf r &kgf lglŋkgf r k'Ʈnkţlų gfd. Odf Pj
% kţlųoá ljşlƃ. cţf;lƕ ;ƙ'ltk/dŴsyfg+ kţųLg+ cgƃųf, pknŋ)j;]g kg kwfgefjtá r Ptfj j'ųf.
kflńd'ųsgo]g kg ;Ƒ;śflxsĕ ljşdfgkţlųcfboá % gfdkţlųoá cŪsyf;' ‘k'0k0 cŪ0dfltsĕjŰgf 1’ cfutf, tf
r x]Ūf j'ųflt Ow g j'ųf. tf;' Ow k'Ʈnkţlųkb]g cljşdfgkţlų, ;];]lx ljşdfgkţlų rflt ƀ] Pj nưlƃ.
cŪsyfd'ųs]þg kg cfrl/ogo]g ck/flk % kţlųoá _ pkfbfkţlų pklgwfkţlų ;dáwfgkţlų
pklglŋųkţlų tşĕkţlų ;ƃltkţųLlt, of æcŴkţųLÆlt j'ŝlt. tŴ of vƈkťs+þ pkfbfo lgƧfo ;ƙtf ;ųflbsĕ,
cśflg pkfbfo /yflbsĕ, rƆflbkl/jųfboá pkfbfo sĕnlb;flbsĕ, t+t+e"tlgldų+, efjgflj;];ť pkfbfo
sl;)flbpƮxklefulgldųflbsĕlt co+ Pj¿kf ;efjwƙ]lx Psų]g jf ;lŞsŪk/dŴ]g cg'knư;efjf pkfbfkţlų
gfd. kţfk]tƑŪ]g r];f kţlų j'ųf, g kg kţfkgŪ]g. of tƧ tƧŴƧ kţfkgf, ;f cljşdfgkţlųo]j.
of kg cţ+ k&dfƸb pklgwfo ck]lŋŷf b'lto+ /Ƨ+ bL#+ b"/+ ;lƃslƃcflbsĕ tbţfk]ŋ"klgwf,
%ųkf)Lltcflbsĕ xŴut"klgwf, s'ůnLltcflbsĕ ;ƕo'ų"klgwf, wţ;slƃ cflbsĕ ;df/álkt"klgwf, OƆ;fnu'xfltcflbsĕ
cljb"/ut"klgwf, ;'jŰjŰáltcflbsĕ klefu"klgwf, Ɣfƪ)ufdáltcflbsĕ tƑx'n"klgwf, dl)sslƃcflbsĕ
tlƑl;Ū"klgwflt Pjdflb cg]sƍsĕ/f kţfkgf, co+ pklgwfkţlų gfd.
wţ/f;Lltcflbsĕ kg ;dáwfgkţlų gfd. k'l/dƧ k'l/dƧ pklglŋlkŷf ƀ] tL)Lltcflbsĕ pklglŋųkţlų
gfd. t+t+;efjlglƧtf kyjLcflbsĕ tşĕkţlų gfd. cf;Llts]ĕltcflbsĕ kg ;ƃltkţlų gfd.
cŪsyfd'ųs]þg]j cfrl/ogo]g ck/flk wƙslysĕlbsĕ lsŝkţlų, ls;y"nflbsĕ ;Ůfgkţlų, OlŴk'l/;flbsĕ
lnśkţlų, sĕdfjr/flbsĕ, s]ĕ;nsĕlbsĕ r e"ldkţlų, ltƧá gf±uëfltcflbsĕ kŝųkţlų, lg/áwflbsĕ c;řtkţlų rflt %
kţlųoá.
Ptf;' kg ƀfb;;' tşĕkţlų, Psŝf e"ldkţlų, c;řtkţlų r ljşdfgkţlų;řftf gfdkţlų, tbţf
k/dŴfj;];f, kg cŴkţųLlt bLlktf cljşdfgflbkţlųoá rflt. co+ tfj]Ŵ cg'ųfgŴtá ;+jŰgf.
cŴlgŞoá kg]Ŵflk kflńgo]g]j ;Ƹź xált, g ljgf kfƸń tƧ jų'd;Ŋ'þ±)ëƜųf kflńoť oƨf cflbtá kť
kţlųoá, tbŴe"tf vƈfboá r x]Ūf ljeśƍs/±)ë lgƍb];tá slytflt tf Ow ælsųfjtf vƈfg+ vƈkţlų, ofjtf
kťŋƈf ¿kŋƈáÆltcflbgf ;ř]k]g]j lglŹŪf, tf r]Ŵflk j'ųŴf. k'Ʈnkţlų kg x]Ūf g j'ųflt ælsųfjtf k'Ʈnfg+
k'ƮnkţlųĠ ;doljd'ųá, c;doljd'ųáÆltcflbgf Pssĕlbe]b]g ofj b;sĕ b;wf dflts+þ &k]ŷf ljŴf/]g]j ljeųf, ;f r
`ftƑke]btá cj'ŝdfgf b'lƑţ]Ɯf, tƨf k'Ʈnkţlųof Pj r]Ŵ kflńgofg';f/]g ;ř]ktá cŴlgŞoá xált, ;á r]Ŵ dfltsĕo+
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j'ų] ;Ƒk'Ʈn] cg'źl/ŷf `ftƑfg+ b'lƑţ]Ɯfg+ k'Ʈnfg+ Pssĕlbe]btáj dflts+þ pźl/ŷf ljehgj;]g ;ř]ktáj xált. sy+Ġ
æ;doljd'ųá c;doljd'ųá, s'ƍwƙá cs'ƍwƙá, r]tgfeƑá cg'/ŋ)feƑá, eo"k/tá ceo"k/tá, eƑfudgá ceƑfudgá,
lgotá clgotá, klkƉs]ĕ mþn] l&tá, ;d;L;L l&tsƍL, ;átfkƉá ;ųŋų'k/dá s]ĕn+s]ĕná PsaLhË, ;sbfufdL, cgfufdL
cƃ/fkl/lgƑfoL pkxŝkl/lgƑfoL c;řf/kl/lgƑfoL ;;řf/kl/lgƑfoL pź+;átá cslgŪufdL, c/xfÆlt Pssdfltsĕ.
tŴ oá cƍg+ lgƑų]t'+ o'ųkųsĕn] ¿kf¿k;dfklų;řft]lx cŪlx ljdáŋ]lx kŝgLswƙtá ljd'lŝŷf tL;' d±Ʈë;'
o]g s]þglr oyf;s+þ cf;j] ±vëk]ŷf j'lŪtá, co+ ;doljd'ųá gfd. æPsŝ] cf;jf kl/ŋË)fÆltcflbjrgtá ‘k'0k01’ lx
cŪ;dfklųnfeL k'y'şgá jf vL)f;já jf Ow g ulxtá, ;dfklųnflegá kg mþnŪ;]vfj ulxtflt j]lbtƑf.
;'ŋljkƧsvL)f;já, ;Ƒ]lk r cl/of dƮljdáŋ+ ;ƈfo c;doljd'ųf gfd. aflx/fglŤ cŪƉ+ ;dfkųLg+ ;dfkşƃƧ
kljj]sŪfgnfeflb;doálk clŴ, jųs/)sĕnflbc;doálk clŴ. dƮljdáŋ]g ljd'ŝgƧ kg tflb;á ;doá jf c;doá jf
glŴ, oƧ ;źf anjtL, ljkƧgf r cf/źf, tƧ uŞƃƧ jf e'ŧƃƧ jf dƮmþnklj]±wëf gfd g xátLlt glŴ, tƨf ;Ƒ]
cl/of cl/oljdáŋ] c;doljd'ųflt j]lbtƑf. k'l/dkb]lk nálso;dfklųţ]j ;ƈfo ;]vf ;doljd'ųf gfd hĕtf.
cjl;efjf cŪ;dfklųnfeL kg k'y'şgá, ;átfkƉ;sbfufldgá ƀ] ;]vf cŪ;dfkƸų ;ƈfo s'ƍwƙá gfd.
kl/xfgwƙáltlk b'ljwf Pj. cgfufldcfboá ;'ƍxLg;dflwkfl/klƅsųf jl;efjf ;dfklųnfeL k'y'şgá, cl/of r
nás'ų/wƙ]lk ;ƈfo cs'ƍwƙá gfd. ckl/xfgwƙált t] Pj. r]tgfeƑált r]tgf;řft]g ´fg;dfklųjńŧg]g
ckl/xfƸg cfklşt'+ eƑá. oá lx ¿kf¿kŢĕg];' cflrŰjl;tfo r]tgf;řftfo ´fg;dfklųof lg/ƃ/+ jńŧdfgá t]lx g
kl/xfolt, cjńŧdfgá r kl/xfolt, co+ jńŧdfgá r]tgfeƑá gfd. cg'/ŋ)feƑált ´fgƧ pksĕ/fg'ksĕ/wƙ]
hĕlgŷf cg'/ŋ)fo cjńŧdfgálk ckl/xfƸg cfklşt'+ eƑá, P;á r k'l/dtá anjt/á, cflrŰjl;gá kţf;ƕbfo
pksĕ/fg'ksĕ/wƙ] hĕlgŷf tbg'¿k+ klkşgtált j]lbtƑá.
eo"k/tált eo]g kfktá pk/tá lj/tá ;]±vëf, sƠf)k'y'şgá r. t];' klŞdá b'Ʈltjũlsn];pkjfb;řft]lx
rt"lx eo]lx kfktá cá/dlt, ;]±vëf b'Ʈltjş]lx, ckfo]lx d'ųųf. vL)f;já kg ceo"k/tá gfd ;d'lŞƉeoųf,
pkjfbtá kg cá/ldtƑá.
ceƑfudgált ;ƙųlgofdfudgƧ ceƑá, o] cfgƃl/o;řft]g sƙfj/±)ëg, lgotldŞflblŪ;řft]g
lsn];fj/±)ëg, cx]t'sb'x]t'skl;lƈ;řft]g ljkfsĕj/±)ëg r ;dƉfutf, a'źfbL;' r ;źf/lxtf, dƮefjgfo r
pų/s'?sĕboá ljo cŞlƆsĕ, k'Ƒ"klgƧo/lxtf r, ;Ƒ]t] ceƑfudgf gfd. ljk/Ltf eƑfudgf gfd.
kťfgƃl/olgotldŞflblŪsĕ lg/oudg], cŪ cl/ok'Ʈnf cg'kfbfkl/lgƑfgfbL;' lgotf gfd. cj;];k'Ʈnf
clgaźultstfo clgotf gfd, pų/s'?sĕ kg ;'ultlgotflk ldŞų;ƙųlgofdƧ]j Owflwƍ]tųf ælgotfÆlt g j'ųf.
dƮ;dśL k'Ʈná dƮŋ±)ë mþnŴfo klkƉs]ĕ gfd, mþn;dśL mþnfg'ƍlųolƕ mþn] l&tá gfd.
oƧ kg ck'Ƒfrl/d+ cf;jkl/ofbfgť xált hËljtkl/ofbfgť, co+ ;d;L;L gfd. ;á r ltlj±wëf xált
Ol/ofky;d;L;L /áu;d;L;L hËljt;d;L;Llt. tŴ oá rt";' Ol/ofk±yë;' PsƸƨ ljkƧg+ kŪk]ŷf c/xų+ kŷf tlƨţ]j
Ol/ofk±yë kl/lgƑflt, co+ Ol/ofky;d;L;L gfd. oá kg Ps+þ /áu+ kŷf cƃá/á±uë Pj ljkƧg+ kŪk]ŷf c/xų+ kŷf
t]gj] /á±uëg kl/lgƑflt, co+ /áu;d;L;L gfd. oƧ kg lsn];;L;;řftf cljşĕ, c/xųd±Ʈëg kjų;L;;řft+
hËljltlƇoť r'ltlrų]g ;d+ kl/ofbfg+ uŞlt, co+ hËljt;d;L;L gfd. syldb+ ;d+ xátLltĠ jf/;dtfo. oƸƨ lx
jf/] d±Ʈëg lsn];] ±vëlkt] kŝj]ŋ)`f)flg kjųlƃ, tƧfgƃ/d]j kl/lgƑfotá Odfo jf/;dtfo Ob+
peo;L;kl/ofbfglƕ ;d+ xált gfd, cod]j hËljt;d;L;L Owflwƍ]tá.
l&tsƍLlt l&tá sƍá l&tsƍá, ƩfƧ cŴLlt l&tsƍL, sƍlƛ ljgƧdfglƛ sƍ+ &k]t'+ ;dŴált cŴá.
;r] lx o];+ dƮ;dlśŋ±)ë sƍljgf;á ej]Ɯ, g]j tfj sƍá ljgƧ]Ɯ, ofjfo+ oyf;s+þ mþn+ g ;lŞs/átLlt t]
ljgƧdfglƕ sƍ+ &k]ƃLlt l&tslƍgá gfd hĕtflt. lsťflk sƍljgf;gsĕn] ;f;g+ glŴ, uts]ĕls]þ lx sĕn] sƍljgf;á
xált, Pj+ ;ƃ]lk dƮfgƃ/mþnƧ cgƃ/fo+ bLk]t'+ Ob+ ce"tlƕ sĕ/)+ cfx+.
;átfkƉált lgƑfg;d'ŹlgƉtfo ;át;řftƧ dƮƧ k&d;dśL j'ŝlt, Ow kg mþnŪá clwƍ]tá. tƧ]j r
ke]bbƧgŴ+ æ;ųŋų'k/dáÆltcflb j'ų+. ;ųjf/f k/df cƧ ej"kkųLlt ;ųŋų'k/dá, ttá k/+ cŪd+ ej+ gflbotLlt
cŴá. ;átfkƉá lx oá ;ųŋų'+ b]j];', dg'Ƨ];' r kl;Ƹƈ ux]ŷf ;ųd] ej] b'ŋƧƃ+ s/ált, co+ ;ųŋų'k/dá gfd.
s'ntá s'n+ ejtá ej+ uŞtLlt s]ĕn+s]ĕná. ;á lx b]jdg'Ƨj;]g ƀ] ultoá ej] ;+;l/ŷf b'ŋƧƃ+ s/ált, co+ s]ĕn+s]ĕná
gfd. sƙkl;lƈof Ps+þ sƙ+ lsn];aLh+ cƧflt PsaLhË. ;á lx Pslƨţ]j ej] vL)f;já xált. Ƹs kgƧ e]bƧ
lgofdslƃĠ ljkƧgfleţfe]bf. ;átfkƉ];' lx oá ljkƧgfo kdųá, ;á ;ųŋų'k/dá xált. oá lslť cƍdųá, ;á
s]ĕn+s]ĕná. oá kg ljkƧgfo cltljo cƍdųá, ;á PsaLhË xált. o] kg cleljo kdųf jũŢĕ;of
cgfylklůslj;fvf;Ŋĕboá, t] k'gƍ'g+ jũƸƨo]j ljr/ƃf cflbtá kŪfo % b]jnás]þ cá;fk]ŷf Ɣƪnás]þ;'lk oyfŊþd+ lgƑlųŷf
cslgŪ] &ŷf kl/lgƑlƃ, g t] Ow ulxtf. t] lx dg'ƧuƸt k'gƍ'g+ cflbolƃ. o] kg dg'Ƨultolƕ ej+ cflbolƃ,
t];+ j;]g ;ųŋų'k/dá s]ĕn+s]ĕná dfg'l;sejlgƑųs]ĕ Pj PsaLhË ulxtá. t] kg ;źfw'/]g cfutf toá, kţfw'/]g
cfutf toált ;átfkƉá %lƑ±wëf xátLlt j]lbtƑá.
kl;lƈj;]g kg ;Ƹs Od+ dg'ƧuƸt cfuŞtLlt ;sbfufdL, b'ltodƮmþn;dśL. Oldgf kť;' ;sbfufdL;'
rųf/á jş]ŷf Ps]ĕj ulxtá. Psŝá lx ;sbfufldmþn] &ŷf k'g b'ltoej] O±wëj kl/lgƑflt, Psŝá Ow kŷf b]jnás]þ
kl/lgƑflt, Psŝá b]jnás]þ kŷf b'ltoej] tŴ]j kl/lgƑflt, Psŝá b]jnás]þ kŷf Ow"kklşŷf kl/lgƑflt, Od]
rųf/álk Ow g ulxtf. oá kg Ow kŷf b]jnás]þ lgƑlųŷf k'g Ow"kklşŷf kl/lgƑflt, cod]s]ĕj Ow ulxtá.
OdƧ r ƀ] kl;lƈoá, PsaLlhƧ kg Psĕjflt Ob+ t];+ gfgfs/)lƃ j]lbtƑ+.
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kl;lƈj;]g sĕdej+ gfuŞtLlt cgfufdL, tltodƮmþn;dśL. tƧ]j kg ke]bbƧgŴ+
æcƃ/fkl/lgƑfoLÆltcflb j'ų+. tŴ cƃ/fkl/lgƑfoLlt cfo'j]dŢƧ cƃ/f Pj c/xųdƮ+ pƍfb]ŷf lsn];kl/lgƑfg]g
kl/lgƑfog;Lná Ps]ĕ cgfufdL. ;á r pƍƉ;dgƃ/+ kl/lgƑfoL, cfo'j]dŢ+ cƍŷf kl/lgƑfoL, cfo'j]dŢ+ kŷf
kl/lgƑfoLlt ltlj±wëf xált. pkxŝkl/lgƑfoLlt cfo'j]dŢ+ pkxŝ cltŊþldŷf, d/);do+ jf pkxŝ pkuƄf
kl/lgƑfoL, cfo'j]dŢ+ cltŊþldŷf ofj d/);dof kl/lgƑfoLlt cŴá. c;řf/kl/lgƑfoLlt c;řf/]g cƍb'ŋ]g
clwdųƍoáu+ csŷf kl/lgƑfog;Lná. ;;řf/kl/lgƑfoLlt ;;řf/]g b'ŋ]g sl;/]g clwdųƍoá±uëg kl/lgƑfog;Lná.
pź+;átált pź+jflxefj]g pźdƧ tŲf;át+ jũ;átť, pź+ jf uƄf klnletƑtá pź+ dƮ;átdƧfltlk pź+;átá.
cslgŪ+ uŞtLlt cslgŪufdL. Od];+ kg cgfufdLg+ ke]bbƧgŴƕ]Ŵ pź+;átá cslgŪufdLltcflb rt'Ŋ+þ j]lbtƑ+.
tŴ oá cljxtá kŪfo rt";' oyfŊþd+ pƍlşŷf ofjtfo's+þ &ŷf r'tá cslgŪ] pƍlşŷf kl/lgƑflt, co+
pź+;átá cslgŪufdL gfd. oá kg cslgŪ+ cƍŷf cƃ/f kl/lgƑflt, co+ pź+;átá g cslgŪufdL gfd. oá dg'Ƨnás]ĕ
cslgŪd]j uƄf kl/lgƑflt, co+ g pź+;átá cslgŪufdL gfd. oá kg x]Ūf rt";' ;'źfjf;];' cţt/Ƹƨ pƍlşŷf tŴ]j
kl/lgƑflt, co+ g pź+;átá g cslgŪufdL gfd Pjd]t] cgfufldgá cŪrųfnL;ljwf xálƃ. sy+Ġ cljx];' tfj toá
cƃ/fkl/lgƑflogá, Ps]ĕ pkxŝkl/lgƑfoL, Ps]ĕ pź+;átált kť, t] c;řf/kl/lgƑflo;;řf/kl/lgƑfloj;]g b; xálƃ,
Pj+ ctƍ;'bƧ;'bƧL;"lt rųfnL;+, cslgŪ] kg pź+;átá glŴ, tƨf tŴ t+ ;;řf/f;řf/j;]g b'ljw+ pź+;át+ jş]ŷf cŪ
rflt cŪrųfnL; xálƃ.
c/xflt lsn];f/Lg+ xtųflbgf vL)f;já c/xf gfd. ;á ;'ţtflbljdáŋųoj;]g ltlj±wëf x'ŷf k'g kŝ]s+þ
klkbfrt'Ŋþj;]g ƀfb;ljwf xálƃ. oyf r c/xf ƀfb;lj±wëf, Pj+ ƀfb;]j ;sbfufldgá, rt'jL;lt ;átfkƉf
cŪrųfnL; cgfufldgáj kŝ]slƃ j]lbtƑ+. Od] r ;Ƒ] cl/of OdƸƨ ;f;g] Pj pƍşlƃ, gá alxźflt. Pssgoá.
b'sĕlbdfltsŴjŰgf
b'sĕbL;' æƀ] k'Ʈnf _ s]ĕwgá r pkgfxL r dŋË r kńf;L rfÆltcflbgf b'sť, ætoá k'Ʈnf _ lg/f;á cf;+;á
ljutf;áÆltcflbgf ltsť, ærųf/á k'Ʈnf _ c;ƍ'l/;á, c;ƍ'l/;]gc;ƍ'l/;t/á, ;ƍ'l/;á,
;ƍ'l/;]g;ƍ'l/;t/áÆltcflbgf rt'Ŋþť, ækť k'Ʈnf _ cŴ]sŝá k'Ʈná cf/elt r ljƍl;f/L r xált, tť r]táljd'Ƹų
kţfljd'Ƹų oyfe"t+ gƍhĕgflt. oŴƧ t] pƍƉf kfksĕ cs';nf wƙf ckl/;];f lg?Ţlƃ, cŴ]sŝá k'Ʈná cf/elt g
ljƍl;f/L r xált»k]0 ckl/;];f lg?Ţlƃ, cŴ]sŝá k'Ʈná gf/elt ljƍl;f/L r xált»k]0 ckl/;];f lg?Ţlƃ.
cŴ]sŝá k'Ʈná gf/elt g ljƍl;f/L xált»k]0 ckl/;];f lg?ŢƃLÆltcflbgf kťsť ljŴf/tá dflts+þ lglŋlkŷf
;Ƒ]lk t] k'Ʈnf lglŹŪf, Ow kg t] uƅljŴf/eo]g ;Ƒ] g plŹŪf, kflńof Pj `ftƑflt.
tŴ lts]þ lg/f;ált c/xųf;fo lj/lxtá b'ƧLná. tƧ lx cųgá ceƑtfo eƑ;xfosƧ ;Lnjtá c/xųƍƸų
;'ŷf, růfnk'ųƧ ljo sƧlr /fhk'ųƧ /şĕle;]s+þ ;'ŷf cle;]sƍlųo+, æs'bfƧ' gfdfxlƕ c/xų+ kfk'±)ëƜÆlƃ c/xųƍlųo+
kŴgflk g pƍşlt. cf;+;ált c/xų+ cf;L;dfgá kŴodfgá ;Lnjf. tƧ lx c/xųkŴgfo ;Ln;ƕlųof l&tųf sƧlr
c/xųƍƸų ;'ŷf, petá;'hĕtƧ /fhs'df/Ƨ ljo tflb;Ƨ sƧlr /şĕle;]s+þ ;'ŷf cle;]sƍlųo+, c/xųƍlųo+ kŴgf
pƍşlt. ljutf;ált c/xf. ;á lx kųc/xųtfo tŴ ljutf;á xált kųfle;]s]ĕ ljo vlųoá cle;]sƍlųolƃ
j]lbtƑ+.
rt'Ŋ]þ kg kf)fltkftflbcs';nsƙky;dƉfutá c;ƍ'l/;á gfd. oá kg ;olƕ kf)fltkftfbLlg sŷf k/ť
tŴ ;dfbk]lt, co+ c;ƍ'l/;]gc;ƍ'l/;t/á, c;ƍ'l/;tálk c;ƍ'l/;t/ált cŴá. j'ųklkŋs';nj;]g ;ƍ'l/;á,
;ƍ'l/;]g;ƍ'l/;t/á r j]lbtƑá.
kťs]þ cf/elt r ljƍl;f/L r xátLlt PŴ cf/Ƙ-;Źá cfklųjLltŊþd] jųlt, tƨf cfklųjLltŊþdj;]g
cf/elt r]j tƍŝof r ljƍl;f/L xátLlt cŴá. r]táljd'lųlƃ mþn;ƕo'ų;dfƸw. kţfljd'lųlƃ mþn;ƕo'ų`f)+.
oyfe"t+ gƍhĕgftLlt cglwutųf oyf;efjtá gƍhĕgflt. oŴƧflt oƸƨ c/xųmþn;řft] ´fg] clwut] cƧ k'ƮnƧ ;Ƒ]
kfksĕ cs';nf wƙf lg/j;];f lg?Ţlƃ, t] gƍhĕgftLlt ;Ɨƈá. lsťflk t] dƮŋ±)ë Pj lg?Ţlƃ gfd, mþnŋ±)ë kg
lg?źf gfd xálƃ, Ow kg dƮlsŝj;]g æmþnŋ±)ë lg?ŢƃLÆlt j'ųflt j]lbtƑf.
cf/elt g ljƍl;f/L r xátLlt cfkƸų cfkşlt, t+ kg b];]t'+ ;efuk'Ʈn+ kl/o];lt, j'Ūfk]lt jf, tƨf g
ljƍl;f/L xált. gf/elt ljƍl;f/L r xátLlt cfkƸų gfkşlt, ljgokţlųo+ kg cs]ĕljbųf cgfklųof
cfklų;lţtfo j'lŪtfolk t+ cfklųof ljƍl;f/+ ljgáb]t'+ c;Ŋ'þ±)ëƜtfo ljƍl;f/L xált. gf/elt g ljƍl;f/L
xátLlt gf/elt g]j cfkƸų cfkşlt, g ljƍl;f/L xált. c/xųť g kfk')flt. st/á kg]; k'ƮnáltĠ ;Lnjf
cáƧŪjLl/oá k'Ʈná. ;á lx æƸs d] OdƸƨ a'źsĕn] kl/lgƑfg]g, cgfut] d]ų]Ɯ;ƙf;Ɨ'źsĕn] kl/lgƑfloƧfdLÆlt
lj;'ź;Lnálk klkƸų g k"/]lt. Od] rųf/álk k'Ʈnf tyf tyf cájlbŷf cf;jŋo] kltŪfk]tƑf. Pj+ lx t]lk ø−fo+
kťdá k'Ʈná gf/elt g ljƍl;f/L cf/źjLl/oá c/xų+ kfk')flt, t]g ;d;dfj eljƧƃLlt.
%ŊĕbL;' _
æ% k'Ʈnf _ cŴ]sŝá k'Ʈná k'Ƒ] cgg'Ƨ't];' wƙ];' ;fd+ ;ŝflg cle;Ɨ'Ţlt, tŴ r ;Ƒţ't+
kfk')flt an];' r j;Lefj+. cŴ]sŝá k'Ʈná»k]0 cle;Ɨ'Ţlt, g r tŴ ;Ƒţ't+ kfk')flt, g r an];'
jl;efj+. cŴ]sŝá k'Ʈná»k]0 cgle;Ɨ'Ţlt, lbŪ]j wƙ] b'ŋƧƃs/á xált, ;fjskf/ldť kfk')flt.
cŴ]sŝá k'Ʈná»k]0 b'ŋƧƃs/á xált, g r ;fjskf/Ƹd kfk')flt. cŴ]sŝá k'Ʈná»k]0 cgle;Ɨ'Ţlt, g
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r lbŪ]j wƙ] b'ŋƧƃs/á xált, cgfufdL xált cgfuƃf OŴų+. cŴ]sŝá k'Ʈná»k]0 cgle;Ɨ'Ţlt, g r
lbŪ]j wƙ] b'ŋƧƃs/á xált, cfufdL xált cfuƃf OŴųÆlƃ _
%Ŋ+þ, æ;ų k'Ʈnf _ ;ų pbs"þkdf k'Ʈnf ;Ƹs lgd'±Ʈëf lgd'±Ʈëfj xált, pƙ'lşŷf lgd'şlt, pƙ'lşŷf l&tá xált, pƙ'lşŷf
ljkƧlt ljnás]þlt, pƙ'lşŷf kt/lt, pƙ'lşŷf klufwƍųá xált, pƙ'lşŷf ltŰá xált kf/śtá, yn] ltŪlt
Ɣfƪ±)ëfÆltcflbgf ;ųs+þ, æcŪ k'Ʈnf _ rųf/á dƮ;dlśgá, rųf/á mþn;dlśgá k'ƮnfÆlt cŪs+þ, ægj k'Ʈnf _
;ƙf;Ɨ'źá kŝ]s;Ɨ'źá petáefuljd'ųá kţfljd'ųá sĕo;ŋË lblŪƍųá ;źfljd'ųá wƙfg';f/L ;źfg';f/LÆlt gjs+þ, æb;
k'Ʈnf _ kťƉ+ Ow lgŪf, kťƉ+ Ow ljxfo lgŪfÆlt b;sť dflts+þ lglŋlkŷf kflńo+ lgŹ];á stá. tŴ %Ŋ]þ k&d]g
kb]g ;ƙf;Ɨ'źá bŪƑá. ;á lx cgfrl/os]ĕ cųgf pƍflbt]g ;Ƒţ'tţf)kbŪfg]g c/xųdƮ`f±)ëg ;Ƒfsĕ/tá ;ŝflg
cle;Ɨ'lŢŷf ;Ƒţ't+ kfk'l), b;`f)an];' r jl;efjlƃ. b'lto]g kg kŝ]s;Ɨ'źá bŪƑá. tlto]g cƮ;fjs]ĕ, rt'Ŵ]g
cj;];f c/xƃá kťd]g cgfufdL, %Ū]g ;átfkƉ;sbfufldgá bŪƑf. t] lx æcfuƃf OŴųÆlƃ j'ųflt.
;ųs]þ k&d]g kb]g ;f;g] clgljŪ;źá lgotldŞflblŪwƙ]lx Psƃsĕńs]þlx ;dƉfutá ulxtá. ;á lx ;d'Ź]
pbseL?sk'l/;á ljo ;+;f/] ckfo] lgd'±Ʈëf lgd'±Ʈëfj xált, g k'g ejtá j'Ūflt, cgƃlƕ sĕn+ ej] Pj ljr/lt
;f;g;dfoáufefjf. b'lto]g kb]g ;f;g] klnź;źálk b]jbųfboá ljo ;źflbkl/xflgo+ l&tá b'ƧLná ulxtá. ;á
lx ;d'Ź] s]þglr sĕ/±)ëg pƙ'lşŷf k'g lgd'±Ʈëf ljo ;f;g;źfo pƙ'lşŷflk ckfo] lgd'şlt Pj, co+ kg lr/sĕnfltŊþd]g
a'źfbLlx, cųgf Pj jf kŝ]saálw`f±)ëg ejtá pź/)Loá xált ;f;g] ;Ƹs pƍƉfolk ;źfo dáŋefj]g lgod]g
lgƑfgfjxųf. cod]j lxƧ k'l/dk'Ʈntá lj;];á, Ot/yf tƧ lj;'+ ux±)ë koáhgd]j g l;oflt ux]tƑ+. tlto]g
;f;g] pƍƉ;źá l&ltefluo]lx ;Lnflbu'±)ëlx ;dƉfutá ulxtá. ;á lx pƙ'lşŷf tL/+ clbƩfj ;d'ŹdŢ] gfjflbcfudg+
cánás]þƃá k'g clgd'lşŷf pŰtƍb];] l&tá ljo ;f;g;źfo pƙ'lşŷf lgƑfg+ clbƩfj a'źfƸb cánásodfgá ;±Ʈë, ;Lnflblƛ
l&tá xált. rt'Ŵ]g kg ;átfkƉá ulxtá. ;á lx pƙ'lşŷf l&tá tL/+ lbƩf pų/)"kfo+ ljnásodfgá ljo
nás'ų/;źfo pƙ'lşŷf lgƑfgtL/+ lbƩf pų/±)ëfkfo+ ljnás]þlt. kťd]g ;sbfufdL ulxtá. ;á lx ;d'Ź] tL/+ lbƩf
tbled'v+ kt/dfgá ljo k&dd±Ʈëg lgƑfgtL/+ lbƩf tbled'v+ b'ltod±Ʈëg kt/lt gfd. %Ū]g cgfufdL ulxtá. ;á
lx ktl/ŷf tL/+ pkƮƙ slƍdf±)ë pbs]þ l&tá ljo c/xų;dLk] ;ltsjfkltŴ] cgfjlųwƙtfo tltod±Ʈëg ltŪlt.
;ųd]g kg c/xf ulxtá, ;á lx tl/ŷf kf/+ kŷf l&tk'l/;á ljo rųf/á cá#] tl/ŷf lgƑfgŴn] l&tá vL)f;jƔfƪ±)ëf
gfd xátLlt.
gjs]þ petáefuljd'ųált ¿kf¿k;dfklųof ljŋƘgljdáŋ]g, cl/od±Ʈëg ;d'Ş]bljdáŋ]g lsn];tá ljd'ųá,
c¿k;dfklųof jf ¿ksĕotá, d±Ʈëg r gfdsĕotált Od]lx petáef±uëlx ljd'ųáltlk petáefuljd'ųá, ;á rt'Ɖ+
c¿k;dfkųLg+ Ps]þstá j'Ūfo ;řf/] ;ƙl;ŷf c/xųƍųfg+ rt'Ɖ+, lg/áwf j'Ūfo c/xųƍųcgfufldgá r j;]g
kťlj±wëf, t];' klŞdáj lgƍl/ofotá petáefuljd'ųá gfd, ;];f kl/ofo]g. PŴ r ¿kfjr/rt'ŴŢĕg+ lsn];sĕotá
ljd'ųlƕ ¿ksĕotá cljd'ų+, c¿kfjr/+ kg tbeotálk ljd'ų+, tƨf tb]j kfbs+þ sŷf c/xųƍųáj petáefuljd'ųá
xált, g ¿kfjr/lƃ j]lbtƑ+. kţfljd'ųált c/xųdƮkţfo cf;j]lx ljd'ųá. ;á lx ;'ŋljkƧs]ĕ, rt"lx
¿kfjr/Ţĕg]lx j'Ūfo c/xųƍųf rųf/á rflt kťlj±wëf. c¿kfjr/Ţĕg];' lx Pslƨlƕ ;lt petáefuljd'ųáj gfd
xált.
sĕo;ŋËlt ¿kf¿kŢĕgnfeL cl/oá. ;á lx ;átfklųdƮŪjlştfg+ %Ɖ+ ;]vfg+ j;]g %lƑ±wëf. t]g]j lxƧ
æPsŝ] cf;jf kl/ŋË)fÆlt lgŹ];] j'ų+. ;átfklųdƮŪƧ r g s]þlrlk cf;jf kl/ŋË)flt jųƑf, kl/ŋËloƧƃLlt kg
jųƑf, c/xtá kg ;Ƒ]lk cf;jf kl/ŋË)f, g Psŝ]lt. ;á lx m'þŪƃ+ ;lŞs/átLlt sĕo;ŋË, m'þŪfg+ klnźfg+ ´fgfg+
cgƃ/+ gfdsĕo]g lg/áw+ ;lŞs/átLltlk sĕo;ŋË, sĕo]gflt r]Ŵ ægfdsĕo]g r]j k/dŴ;ŝ+ ;lŞs/ált, kţfo r cltljŢ
kƧtLÆlt jrgtá c/xųmþn+ &k]ŷf ;];dƮmþnfgd]t+ clwjrg+, t]g sĕo]g k&dŢĕgfgƃ/+ lgƑfgƧ ;lŞs/)tálk sĕo;ŋËlt
s]þlr. lblŪƍųált ;'ŋljkƧs]ĕ, ¿kŢĕgnfeL r oyfj'ųá %lƑ±wëf ;]±vëf r, co+ lbŪƃƍųált lblŪƍųá. bƧg+ lblŪ,
k&dd±Ʈëf, tƧ cgƃ/+ lg/áwƍųált cŴá. lbŪƍųáltlk kf±&ëf, tƧ k&dd±Ʈëg lbŪ+ lgƑfg+ k'g kųált cŴá.
;źfljd'ųált ;'ŋljkƧs]ĕ, ¿kŢĕgnfeL r oyfj'ųá %lƑ±wëf ;]±vëf r. co+ lx ;Źxƃá ljd'ųált ;źfljd'ųá.
sy+ kg]tƧ lblŪƍųtá gfgųlƃĠ cfudgLoklkbfo. lblŪƍųá lx kţf;ƕbfo k'Ƒef±uë ljkƧgfo lsn];] cƍb'ŋ]g
ljŋƘ]ƃá cfutá, ;źfljd'ųá kg ;źfax'ntfo lsn];] b'ŋ]g ljŋƘ]ƃá cfutá. Ptd]j lx e]b+ ;ƈfo lgŹ];] æPsŝ] cf;jf
kl/ŋË)f xálƃ, gá r ±vëf oyflblŪƍųƧfÆlt j'ų+.
wƙfg';f/Llt oƧ ;átfklųdƮŋ±)ë klţlƇo+ clwdų+ xált, co+ kţf;řft]g wƙ]g ;/lt cg'Ƨ/tLlt
wƙfg';f/L, ;átfklųdƮŪƧ]t+ gfd+. mþn] kg kų] lblŪƍųá gfd xált. ;źfg';f/Llt oƧ ;átfklųdƮŋ±)ë ;lźlƇo+
clwdų+ xált, co+ ;źfo ;/lt cg'Ƨ/tLlt ;źfg';f/L, ;átfklųdƮŪƧ]t+ gfd+. mþn] kg kų] ;źfljd'ųá gfd xált.
nás'ų/wƙ+ lx lgƑų]ƃfg+ ƀ] w'/flg gfd, ƀ] clelgj];f gfd, ƀ] ;L;flg gfd. tŴ ;źfw'/+ kţfw'/lƃ ƀ]
w'/flg gfd. Ps]ĕ kg ;dyflelgj];á, Ps]ĕ ljkƧgflelgj];ált ƀ] clelgj];f. Ps]ĕ r c/xų+ dŴs+þ kfk')ƃá
petáefuljd'ųá xált, Ps]ĕ kţfljd'ųált Odflg ƀ] ;L;flg gfd. o] lx s]þlr nás'ų/+ wƙ+ lgƑų]lƃ, ;Ƒ] t] ƀ] Od] wƙ]
w'/+ sŷf Od];' ƀL;' &fg];' clelgljl;ŷf Od]lx ƀLlx &fg]lx ljd'ŝlƃ. t];' oá leŋ' cŪ;dfklųnfeL kţ+ w'/+ sŷf
;dyj;]g clelgljŪá cţt/+ c¿k;dfkƸų kbŪfg+ sŷf ljkƧg+ kŪk]ŷf c/xų+ kfk')flt, co+ ;átfklųdƮŋ±)ë
wƙfg';f/L gfd. k/tá kg %;' &fg];' sĕo;ŋË gfd. c/xųmþn+ kų] petáefuljd'ųá gfd.
ck/á kţd]j w'/+ sŷf ljkƧgfj;]g clelgljŪá ;'ź;řf/] jf ¿kfjr/Ţĕg];' jf cţt/+ ;ƙl;ŷf c/xų+
kfk')flt, colƕ ;átfklųdƮŋ±)ë wƙfg';f/L gfd. k/tá kg %;' &fg];' lblŪƍųá gfd, c/xų+ kų] kţfljd'ųá gfd.
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ck/á kg cŪ;dfklųnfeL ;ź+ w'/+ sŷf ;dflwj;]g clelgljŪá cţt/+ c¿k;dfkƸų kbŪfg+ sŷf ljkƧg+
kŪk]ŷf c/xų+ kfk')flt, co+ ;átfklųdƮŋ±)ë ;źfg';f/L gfd, k/tá %;' &fg];' sĕo;ŋËo]j gfd. c/xų+ kų]
petáefuljd'ųáo]j gfd. ck/á ;źd]j w'/+ sŷf ljkƧgfj;]g clelgljŪá ;'ź;řf/] jf ¿kfjr/Ţĕg];' jf cţt/+
;ƙl;ŷf c/xų+ kfk')flt, colƕ ;átfklųdƮŋ±)ë ;źfg';f/L gfd, k/tá %;' &fg];' ;źfljd'ųá gfd. c/xųƍų]
kţfljd'ųá gfd. Od] ;ų k'Ʈnf ;ƙf;Ɨ'źkŝ]s;Ɨ'ź]lx ;Ƹź gj nás]þ cƮblŋ±)ëƜf gfdflt.
b;s]þ kťƉ+ Ow lgŪflt ;ųŋų'k/dá, s]ĕn+s]ĕná, PsaLhË, ;sbfufdL sĕdfjr/kl;lƈs]ĕ, c/xf rflt Od];+
kťƉ+ Ow sĕdfjr/e"ldoţ]j cg'kflb;];lgƑfg;řftf lgŪflt cŴá. sĕdfjr/ųefj] Pj lx Pt] kl/lgƑfolƃ, gfţƸƨ.
kťƉ+ Ow ljxfo lgŪflt cƃ/fkl/lgƑfoL pkxŝkl/lgƑfoL c;řf/kl/lgƑfoL ;;řf/kl/lgƑfoL pź+;átá cslgŪufdL
rflt Od];+ kťƉ+ Ow sĕdfjr/] cųefj+ ljxfo ljhlxŷf Ɣƪųefj] l&tfgţ]j lgŪflt cŴá. ;];d]Ŵ pųfgŴd]jflt.
cod]Ŵ ;ř]ktá kflńgo]g ;Ƹź cŴlgŞoá, ljŴf/á kg k'ƮnkţlųkflńcŪsyf;' ‘k'0k0dfltsĕ 1cfboá¶
k'0k0cŪ0dfltsĕjŰgf 1’ ux]tƑált.
k'ƮnkţlųdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
5= syfjŴ'dfltsĕ
k'ƮnsyfjŰgf
Obflg syfjŴ'dfltsĕo cŴ;+jŰgfgoá xált. tŴ cg'ųfgŴtá tfj æk'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt
co+ k'Şf, æcfdƃfÆlt co+ klhĕggf. sƧ kgfo+ k'Şf, sƧ klhĕggfltĠ æc;'sƧfÆlt g jųƑf. g lx eujf
k/jfbLlx ;Ƹź ljƮflxssy+ s±yëƃá Od+ dflts+þ &k]l;, k'Ʈnkţlųb];gfƸb kg lgƧfo æk/dŴtá cųf gfd
cŴLÆltcflbgf cgfut] ljkƟf;uflxleŋ"g+, k/jfbLgť gfgƍsĕ/lblŪŪfglj;áwgŴ+ dáƮlnk'ųltƧŴ]/Ƨ jfbgobƧgj;]g
k'Ʈnjfbd]t+ cf/ư tlƃj;]g dflts+þ &k]ƃá ;sjflbk/jfbLg+ k'Şflj;şgbá;f/ákglgƮxkfkgflbjrgkljrgj;]g]j
&k]l;, tƨf tbŴƧ ;'vfjwf/)Ŵ+ ;sjfbLk'Şf k/jfbLk'Şf ;sjfbLklţf k/jfbLklţflt Pj+ ljefu+ bƧ]ŷf cŴjŰg+
sl/Ƨfd.
æk'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆlt co+ ;sjfbLk'Şf, tfo r æo] ‚clŴ k'Ʈnáƒlt Pj+nlźsĕ k'Ʈnjflbgá,
t] Pj+ k'lŞtƑfÆlt bLk]lt. s]þ kg t] k'ƮnjflbgáltĠ ;f;g] jlşk'ųsĕ r]j ;lƙltof r alxźf ax" cţltlŴof r.
sbf kg]t] ;f;g] pƍƉfltĠ kl/lgƑfgtá b'lto] jƧ;t]. eujlt ls/ kl/lgƑ't] dxfsƧkŴ]/]g ;d'Ƨflxt]lx tƍd'±vëlx
jl;u±)ëlx ;'eŹj'ŬkƑlhtfbLg+ kfkleŋ"g+ kj];ásĕ;lg;]wgŴ+ chĕt;ų'/fhĕg+ ;xfo+ nleŷf wƙljgo;/L/+ ;śx+ cf/ák]ŷf
;f;g] crn] kjųflkt] ttá jƧ;tƧ cŝo]g j];flno+ jlşk'ųs]þlx bLlktflg b; jŴ"lg dlŹŷf t] r leŋ" lgƮx]ŷf
o;Ŵ]/;d'Ƨflxt]lx jl;u±)ëlx k'g wƙljgo;śx] st] t]lx lgƮlxtf b;;xƧf jlşk'ųsĕ slť b'Ƒn/fhĕg+ an+ nleŷf
d"n;śx+ lelƆŷf cųgá cgfrf/fg's"þnjrg+ klŋlkŷf a'źjrgť %ū]ŷf dxf;śLtLlx lj;'+ wƙljgo;śx+ sŷf
dxf;lŜsĕrl/os'n+ gfd cs+þ;'. kl/;'ź;f;g+ kg ±yë/]lx kl/kflntųf æ±yë/jfbáÆlt kţflo, Od];' kg ƀL;' jfb];'
dxf;lŜstá lelşŷf PsƓáxfl/sĕ, ±uëfs'lnsĕ r, ttá kŰlųjfbf, ax'lnof, r]ltojfbf rflt kť jfbf, dxf;lŜs]þlx
kg ;Ƹź % cfrl/os'nflg gfd hĕtflg. tyf ±yë/jfbtá lelşŷf dlx;f;sĕ, jlşk'ųsĕ r, ttá wƙ'ųl/of, eſoflgsĕ,
%Ɖfufl/sĕ, ;lƙltof r, dlx;f;stá wƙu'lųsĕ, ;ƑlŴsĕ r, ttá sƧlksĕ, ttá ;Řlƃsĕ, ttá ;'ųjfbf rflt Od]
Psĕb; jfbf hĕtf. t] k'l/d]lx %lx ;Ƹź ;ų/; leƉjfbf b'lto] jƧ;t] pƍƉf, ±yë/jfbá kg Ps]ĕj c;lƘƉs]ĕ, t]g
;Ƹź ;f;g] cŪf/; lgsĕof hĕtflt j]lbtƑf, o] æcŪf/;frl/os'nfgLÆlt kj'ŝlƃ. Od];+ kg cŪf/;Ɖ+ cfrl/ojfbfg+
j;]g cfoƸt ;f;gƧ cfn'ńg+ `ŷf ;ƙf;Ɨ'źá lƀƉ+ jƧ;tfg+ cŝo]g ;f;g] klnź;ź]g c;ás]þg wƙ/ţf aflx/s]þ
cgánás]þŷf ;f;g] Pj nfe;Ŋĕ/] kjųƃ] nfe;Ŋĕ/Ŵfo ;f;gj];+ ux]ŷf ;sĕlg ;sĕlg lblŪutflg tytá bLk]ƃ];'
ƀf;lŪlblŪults]þ;' oyfj'ų;ų/;frl/os'n];' r ;dos';ntfo ljlrlgŷf ;]tsĕlg bŷf pƍƑflht];' kl/;'ź] dxfleŋ';Ŝ]
lg;Llbŷf dáƮlnk'ųltƧŴ]/Ƨ oflg tbf pƍƉflg jŴ"lg, oflg r cfoƸt pƍlşƧlƃ, ;Ƒflglk tflg cųgá ;Ŵf/f
lbƉdfltsĕd'vdų]g klaflxŷf ;'ų;xƧkldlůt+ k/ƍjfbdyg+ cfoltnŋ)+ syfjŴ'ƍs/)+ dfltsĕljehgj;]g efl;ŷf t+
tlto;śLlto+ ;śx+ cf/ák]ŷf cfn'lńt+ ;f;g+ kƮx]t'+ ;dŴefj+ leŋ';Ŝ] ksĕ;gŴ+ cfoltjfbƍlafxggobƧgj;]g Od+
syfjŴ'dflts+þ jŷf ±yë/Ƨ cásĕ;+ &k]ƃá tƧf ljeś+ g cjárflt j]lbtƑ+.
tŴ k'Ʈnált cųf hËjá ;ųá. pknưtLlt kţfo pkuƄf nưlt, `fotLlt cŴá. ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gflt PŴ
;lŝsŪált dfofd/Llrcfboá ljo ce"tfsĕ/]g cƮx]tƑá e"tŪá. k/dŴált cg'Ƨjflbj;]g cƮx]tƑá pųdŴá.
peo]gflk oyf ¿kj]bgfboá wƙf e"t]g ;efj]g pknưlƃ, Pj+ tfj æk'Ʈná pknưtLÆlt k'Şlt. k/jfbL æcfdƃfÆlt
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klhĕgflt. klhĕgglŤ sŴlr æcfd eƃ]Ælt cfuŞlt, sŴlr æcfdáÆlt cfuŞlt, Ow kg æcfdƃfÆlt cfut+.
tŶfo+ clwƍfoá _ k/jfbL lx oƨf eujtf æclŴ k'Ʈná cųlxtfo klkƉáÆltcflbgf ‘c0lg0 4=95-96’ k'Ʈná
ksĕl;tá, eujf r cljtyjfbL, tƨf ;á æ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g]j cŴLÆlt nƸź ux]ŷf æcfdƃfÆlt klhĕgflt.
cyƧ tflb;Ƨ n];jrgƧ %njfbƧ cásĕ;+ cbbdfgá ;sjfbL æoá ;lŝsŪáÆltcflbdfx. tŶfo+ clwƍfoá _
ø−fo+ x]Ūf ¿kj]bgflbs]ĕ wƙƍe]bá cfutá, g ;ƙ'lt;ŝj;]g, gflk cg'Ƨjflbj;]g ux]tƑá, cųgá kg e"ttfo Pj
;lŝsŪá, cųkŝŋtfo r k/dŴá, ;á tyfklţftá k'Ʈná ttá t]g ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g cfsĕ/]g pknưlt, oyf
?ƍgfg'ejgflbgf ;lso]gfsĕ/]g k'g ;lŝsŪk/dŴá pknưlt, Ƹs tj k'Ʈnálk Pj+ pknưtLlt j'ų+ xált. g x]j+
jųƑ]lt cjhĕggf k/jflbƧ. ;á lx tyf¿k+ k'Ʈn+ clgŞƃá cjhĕgflt. g lx cųf gfd vƈflbljd'ųá s]ĕlr lbƧlt
cţŶ Ɠfdáxdųf. tŶfo+ kbŞ]bá _ g lx Pj+ jųƑ]lt. æg x PjÆlƃlk k&lƃ, lƀƉlƕ Pj+ g jųƑált cŴá.
cfhĕgflx lgƮxlƃ ;sjflbjrg+. oƨf t] k'l/dfo jųƑklţfo klŞdf gjųƑklţf, klŞdfo r k'l/df g
;ƈLolt, tƨf lgƮx+ kųá, t+ lgƮx+ bá;+ ck/fw+ cfhĕgflx, ;ƕlŞfxLlt cŴá. Pj+ lgƮx+ cfhĕgfk]ŷf Obflg t+
&kgfo r]j cg'nádklnádtá kfkgf/ákgfgť j;]g kfs+ s/áƃá æxlť k'ƮnáÆltcflbdfx. tŴ xťLlt olb, ;r]
k'Ʈná pknưtLlt cŴá. co+ tfj k/jfbLkŋƧ cg'jbg]g &kgtá lgƮxkltŪfkgtá lgƮxkfkgf/ákgfg+ nŋ)e"tf
cg'nádŪkgf gfd. t]g jt /]ltcflb cg'nádkŋ] lgƮxƧ kflksųf cg'nádkfkgf gfd. tŴ t]gflt sĕ/)jrg+.
jtflt cásƍgjrg+ lgodjrg+. /]lt cfdƃgjrg+. Ob+ j'ų+ xált _ t]g jt /] jųƑ] jt /] xƘá eſd'v t]g
sĕ/±)ëg jųƑá Pjflt cŴá. o+ tŴ jb];Lltcflb cg'nádkŋ] lgƮxƧ cf/álktųf cg'nád/ákgf gfd. oťƧ kl/oá;fg]
ældŞfÆlt kb+, tƧ k'/tá æOb+ t]Ælt cfxl/tƑ+. Ob+ t] ldŞflt coŤ]Ŵ cŴá. Pj+ pkl/lk k/tá kflńolƕ Pt+
cfutd]j. gá r] kg jųƑ]ltcflb æg x]j+ jųƑ]Ælt kllŋųkŋƧ cg'jbg]g &lktųf klnádtá lgƮxkfkgf/ákgfg+
nŋ)e"tf klnádŪkgf gfd. gá r jt /]ltcflb klnádkŋ] lgƮxƧ kflktųf klnádkfkgf gfd. k'g o+ tŴ
jb];Lltcflb klnádkŋ] lgƮxƧ cf/álktųf klnád/ákgf gfd.
tŶfo+ cflbtá kŪfo ;ř]kŴá _ olb k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, t]g jt eá ;á pknưtLlt jųƑá.
o+ kg tŴ jb]l; æjųƑá ±vëf k'l/dkŤ] ‚;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g pknưtLƒlt gá r jųƑá b'ltokŤ] ‚ttá ;á k'Ʈná
pknưtLƒÆlt, Ob+ t] ldŞflt Pj+ tfj cg'nádtá &kgfkfkgf/ákgf xálƃ.
cy g jųƑá b'ltokŤ] ættá ;á k'Ʈná pknưtLÆlt, k'l/dkŤ]lk g jųƑáj. o+ kg tŴ jb]l; æjųƑá
±vëf k'l/dkŤ] ‚;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g pknưtLƒlt, gá r jųƑá b'ltokŤ] ‚ttá ;á k'Ʈná pknưtLƒÆlt, Ob+ t] ldŞflt Pj+
klnádtá &kgfkfkgf/ákgf xálƃ. Pjd]t+ lgƮxƧ r cg'nádtá lƀƉ+, klnádtá lƀƉlƃ rt'Ɖ+ kfkgf/ákgfgť j'ųųf
pknưtLltcflbs+þ cg'nádkťs+þ gfd. PŴ r lsťflk cg'nádtá kfkgf/ákgflx Ps]ĕ, klnádtá kfkgf/ákgflx Ps]ĕlt
ƀ] lgƮxf stf, cfhĕgflx lgƮxlƃ PtƧ]j kg k&dƧ lgƮxƧ ƀLxfsĕ/]lx cf/álktųf Ps]ĕjfo+ lgƮxált ux]tƑá. k&dá
lgƮxá.
Obflg kŝgLsgoá xált. tŴ k'Ʈná g'knưtLlt k'Şf k/jflbƧ. ;sjfbL oyf ¿kj]bgfboá wƙf
pknưlƃ, Pj+ cg'knưgLotá æcfdƃfÆlt klhĕgflt. k'g Ot/á cųgf clwƍ]t+ ;lŝsŪ+o]j ;ƈfo æoá
;lŝsŪáÆltcflbdfx. ;ƙ'lt;ŝk/dŴ;ŝflg jf Pstá sŷflk k/jfbL Pjdfx. ;sjfbL k'Ʈná lx
pkfbfokţlų;ưfjtálk lƀƉ+ ;ŝfg+ Pstá sŷf k'lŞtųflk æg x]jÆlƃ kllŋklt. Obflg lsťflk t]g k&d+
k/dŴ;ŝj;]g g'knưgLotf ;ƕllŞtf, kŞf kg ;ƙ'lt;ŝj;]g jf jáldƧsj;]g jf kllŋųf. k/jfbL kg
æg'knưtLÆlt jrg;fdţdų+ %njfb+ lgƧfo æo+ tof k&d+ klţft+, t+ kŞf kllŋųÆlƃ eůgƧ kleůg+ ljo cųgá
stƧ lgƮxsƙƧ klsƙ+ s/áƃá æcfhĕgflx klsƙÆlƃ cfx. Obflg oyfƧ cg'nádkťs]þ ;sjflbgf jfbŪkg+ sŷf
cg'nádklnádtá kfkgf/ákgflx k/jflblgƮxá kfsá stá, Pj+ klsƙ+ kfs+ s/áƃá æxlť k'ƮnáÆltcflbdfx. t+
x]Ūf j'ųgo]g]j cŴtá j]lbtƑ+. oƨf kg]Ŵ &kgf gfd k/jflbkŋƧ &kgtá æco+ tj bá;áÆlt bƧ]t'+ &kgdųd]j
xált, g lgƮxƧ jf klsƙƧ jf kfsLefjs/)+, kfkgf/ákgflx kgƧ kfsLs/)+ xált, tƨf Ob+ cg'nádklnádtá
kfkgf/ákgfg+ j;]g rt"xfsĕ/]lx klsƙƧ stųf klsƙrt'Ŋ+þ gfdflt Ps+þ rt'Ŋ+þ j]lbtƑ+.
Pj+ klsƙ+ sŷf Obflg ø−fƧ cg'nádkťs]þ ;sjflbgf lgƮxá stá, tƧ td]j %njfb+ lgƧfo b'Ŋþefj+
bƧ]ƃá æŷ+ r] kg dţ;LÆltcflbdfx. tŴ ŷ+ r] kg dţ;Llt olb ŷ+ dţl;. æjųƑ] ±vëfÆlt Ob+ kŝgLs]þ
æcfdƃfÆlt klhĕgg+ ;ƈfo j'ų+, ægá r jųƑ]Ælt Ob+ kg æg x]jfÆlt cjhĕgg+ ;ƈfo j'ų+. t]g tj tŴflt t]g
sĕ/±)ëg ŷ+o]j tƸƨ æoá g'knưtLÆlt kŋ] x]j+ klhĕglƃ æcfdƃfÆlt Pj+ klhĕgƃá. x]j+ lgƮx]tƑ]lt k'g æg x]jfÆlt
cjhĕgƃá Pj+ lgƮx]tƑá. cy t+ lgƮŲfdflt c±yëj+ lgƮŲgf/x+ t+ lgƮŲfd, ;'lgƮlxtá r xá;Llt ;s]þg dt]g
lgƮlxtųf ;'lgƮlxtá r ejl;. PjdƧ lgƮx]tƑefj+ bƧ]ŷf Obflg t+ lgƮŲƃá æxťLÆltcflbdfx. tŴ
&kgfkfkgf/ákgf x]Ūf j'ųgo]g]j j]lbtƑf. kl/oá;fg] kg Ob+ t] ldŞflt Ob+ tj jrg+ ldŞf xátLlt cŴá. Ob+
%njfb]g rt"lx cfsĕ/]lx lgƮxƧ stųf lgƮxrt'Ŋ+þ gfd.
Pj+ lgƮx+ sŷflk Obflg æolb co+ dof tj dt]g stá lgƮxá b'lƉƮxá, oálk dd tof x]Ūf cg'nádkťs]þ
stá lgƮxá, ;álk b'lƉƮxáÆlt bƧ]ƃá æP;] r] b'lƉƮlxt]Æltcflbdfx. tŴ P;] r] b'lƉƮlxt]lt P;á r] tj jfbá dof
b'lƉƮlxtá, cy jf P;á r] tj dof stá lgƮxá b'lƉƮxá. x]jd]j+ tŴ bŋĕlt tŴflk tof dd x]Ūf st] lgƮx] Pjd]j+
kƧ. Obflg ø−fƧ x]Ūf ;sjflbgf lgƮxá stá, t+ æjųƑ] ±vëfÆltcflbjrg]g bƧ]ŷf k'g t+ lgƮx+ clgƮxefj+ pkg]ƃá
ægá r do+ tofÆltcflbdfx. tŴ gá r do+ tof tŴ x]tfo klţfofltcfbL;' codŴá _ oƨf ;á tof dd stá
lgƮxá b'lƉƮxá, tƨf do+ tof tŴ cg'nádkťs]þ æcfdƃfÆlt Ptfo klţfo Pj+ klhĕgƃf k'g æg x]jfÆlt klŋ]k]
136
st]lk æcfhĕgflx lgƮxÆlƃ Pj+ lgƮx]tƑfo]j, Pj+ clgƮx]tƑlƕ d+ lgƮŲfl;, ólb;]g kg lgƮx]g b'lƉƮlxtf do+
xád. Obflg o+ lgƮx+ ;ƈfo b'lƉƮlxtf r xádflt cjár, t+ bƧ]t'+ æxlť k'Ʈná»k]0» Ob+ t] ldŞfÆlt cfx.
Pjldb+ cg'nádklnádtá rt"lx kfkgf/ákgflx lgƮxƧ pkgLtųf pkgogrt'Ŋ+þ gfd xált.
Obflg g x]j+ lgƮx]tƑ]ltcflbs+þ lgƮdgrt'Ŋ+þ gfd xált. tŴ g x]j+ lgƮx]tƑ]lt oyfx+ tof lgƮlxtá, g
lx Pj+ lgƮx]tƑá, PtƧ lx lgƮxƧ b'lƉƮxefjá dof ;flwtá. t]g xLlt t]g sĕ/±)ëg. oƨf P; lgƮxá b'lƉƮxá,
tƨf o+ d+ lgƮŲfl;. xlť k'Ʈná»k]0» Ob+ t] ldŞflt Ob+ lgƮŲg+ tj ldŞflt cŴá. t]g lx o] st] lgƮx]lt o]g
sĕ/±)ëg Ob+ ldŞf, t]g sĕ/±)ëg oá tof lgƮxá stá, ;á b'Ŋþá. o+ dof klsƙ+ st+, tb]j ;'st+. oflk r];f
klsƙrt'Ŋĕlbj;]g syfdƮ;ƕlkfbgf stf, ;flk ;'stflt. tb]j k'Ʈná pknưtLltcflbsƧ cg'nádkťsƧ
g'knưtLltcflbsĕg+ klsƙlgƮxákgoglgƮdgrt'Ŋĕgť j;]g cg'nádkŝgLs+þ gfd lglŹŪlƃ j]lbtƑ+. Pųfjtf
;sjflbgá k'Ƒkŋ] ;lt k/jflbgá jrg;fdţdų]g %njfb]g hoá xált.
Obflg oyf k/jflbgá k'Ƒkŋ] ;lt ;sjflbgá wƙ]g]j t±yëg hoá xált, tyf jfb'ƍƸų bƧ]t'+ æk'Ʈná
g'knưtLÆlt kŝgLsĕg'nádkťs+þ cf/ź+. tŴ kŝgLs]þ k'Şf k/jflbƧ, ¿kflbe]b+ ;lŝsŪk/dŴ+ ;ƈfo klţf
;sjflbƧ, ;'ź;ƙ'lt;ŝ+ jf k/dŴldƧs+þ jf ;ƙ'lt;ŝ+ ;ƈfo æoá ;lŝsŪáÆlt k'g cg'oá±uëf k/jflbƧ, ;ƙ'ltj;]g
æk'Ʈná g'knưtLÆlt gjųƑųf ldƧsj;]g jf cg'oáuƧ ;+lsŰųf æg x]jÆlƃ klŋ]ká ;sjflbƧ, klţft+ kllŋktLlt
jrg;fdţdų]g æcfhĕgflx lgƮxÆlƃcflbjrg+ k/jflbƧ. Pjdo+ k'Ʈná g'knưtLlt b'ltojfb+ lgƧfo b'ltoá lgƮxá
xátLlt j]lbtƑá. Pj+ t]g %n]g lgƮxá cf/álktá.
Obflg wƙ]g ;d]g k/jflbklţfo cųgá jfb] ho+ bƧ]t'+ cg'nádgo] k'Şf ;sjflbƧ, cųgá nƸź lgƧfo
klţf k/jflbƧ, nlźof cásĕ;+ cbŷf k/dŴj;]g k'g cg'oá±uëf ;sjflbƧ, k/dŴj;]g k'ƮnƧ cg'knưgtá klŋ]ká
k/jflbƧ, ttá k/+ wƙ]g ;d]g cųgá hobƧgŴ+ æcfhĕgflx klsƙÆlƃcflb ;Ƒ+ ;sjflbjrgd]j xált. tŴ ;Ƒ];+
klsƙlgƮxákgoglgƮdgrt'Ŋĕg+ x]Ūf j'ųgo]g]j cŴá j]lbtƑá. Pjldb+ æk'Ʈná g'knưtLÆltcflbsƧ kŝgLskťsƧ
æpknưtLÆltcfbLg+ klsƙlgƮxákgoglgƮdgrt'Ŋĕgť j;]g kŝgLsĕg'nádkťs+þ gfd lglŹŪ+ xált. Pjd]tflg
k&d;lŝsŪ] ƀ] kťsĕlg lglŹŪflg, tŴ]t+ j'ŝlt _
ælgƮxá k/jflbƧ, ;'źá k&dkťs]þ.
c;'źá kg tƧ]j, klsƙhoá tƸxĶ
ælgƮxá ;sjflbƧ, c;'źá b'ltokťs]þ.
lj;'źá kg tƧ]j, klsƙhoá tƸxĶ
ætƨf ƀL;'lk &fg];', hoáj ;sjflbgá.
wƙ]g lx hoá gfd, cwƙ]g s'tá hoáĶ
æ;lŝsŪ] oyf r]Ŵ, kťsƀodlůt].
wƙfwƙj;]g]j, j'ųá hok/fhoáĶ
æOtá k/];' ;Ƒ];', ;lŝsŪ];' klůtá.
Pjd]j ljefj]Ɯ, peá hok/fho]ÆltĶ ‘syf0cŪ07-10’.
k&dá ;'lźs;lŝsŪá lglŪtá.

Pj+ ;'lźs;lŝsŪ+ ljŴf/]ŷf Obflg td]j ck/]lxlk cásĕ;fbLlx go]lx ljŴf/]t'+ k'g æk'Ʈná pknưtLÆltcflb
cf/ź+. tŴ k'Şf ;sjflbƧ, klţf k/jflbƧ. k'g ;ƑŴflt ;/L/+ ;ƈfo cg'oá±uëf ;sjflbƧ, ¿kƸƨ cųfg+
;dg'kƧgfbá;ť æcţ+ hËj+ cţ+ ;/L/Ælƃ cfkşgbá;ť lbƩf klŋ]ká k/jflbƧ. ;];d]Ŵ cg'nádkŝgLskťs]þ x]Ūf
j'ųgo]g]j j]lbtƑ+. kf±&ëf kg ;+lvųá. tŴ oƨf ;/L/+ ;ƈfo æ;ƑŴ g'knưtLÆlt j'ų] ;/L/tá alx pknưtLlt
cfkşlt, tƨf kŝgLs]þ klŋ]ká ;sjflbƧ, k&d+ cg'hĕlgŷf kŞf cjhĕgftLlt %njfbƧ j;]g klsƙ+ k/jflbƧ, ;];+
kfsd]j.
b'ltogo] ;Ƒbflt k'l/dklŞdhĕltsĕnť w/dfgkl/lgƑ'tsĕnť ;ƈfo cg'oá±uëf ;sjflbƧ, Ʃ]j vlųoá ;á
Ɣfƪ±)ëfltcfbLg+ cfklųbá;ť w/dfgkl/lgƑ'tfg+ lj;];fefjbá;ť lbƩf klŋ]ká k/jflbƧ. ;];+ k&dgo] j'ų;lb;d]j.
tltogo] ;Ƒ];"lt vƈfotgfbLlg ;ƈfo k'Şf ;sjflbƧ, ¿kƸƨ cųf, rŋ'Ƹƨ cųfltcflbbá;eo]g klŋ]ká
k/jflbƧ. ;];+ tflb;d]jflt.
Pjlddflg tLl) d'vflg cg'nádkŝgLskťs]þ cg'náddųj;]g]j tfj klkflof efh]ŷf k'g kŝgLsĕg'nádkťs]þ
kŝgLsdųj;]g]j efh]t'+ æk'Ʈná g'knưtLÆltcflb cf/ź+. tŴ x]Ūf j'ųgo]g cŴá j]lbtƑá. Pųfjtf ;'lźsƧ r]j
Od];ť ltŰlƃ rt'Ɖ+ ;lŝsŪfg+ Ps]þsƸƨ ;lŝsŪ] cg'nádkŝgLsƧ, kŝgLsĕg'nádƧ rflt lƀƉ+ lƀƉ+ kŝgLsĕg+ j;]g co+
cŪd'vf gfd jfbo'lų lglŹŪf xátLlt j]lbtƑf. of Ps]þsƸƨ d'±vë Ps]þsƧ lgƮxƧ j;]g j'ŝlt. tŴ]t+ j'ŝlt _
æPj+ rt'lƑ±wë kŤ], kťsƀoe]btá.
P;f cŪd'vf gfd, jfbo'lų ksĕl;tfĶ
æcŪ]j lgƮxf tŴ, rųf/á t];' wlƙsĕ.
137
cwlƙsĕ r rųf/á, ;ƑŴ ;sjflbgá.
hoá k/fhoá r]j, ;ƑŴ k/jflbgáÆltĶ ‘syf0cŪ014’.
co+ tfj]Ŵ cg'ųfgŴtá ;+jŰgf.
cŴljlgŞoá kg]Ŵflk dáƮlnk'ųltƧŴ]/]g stlgŹ];Ƨ god'vdųbƧgj;]g]j xált. ±yë/]g lx eujtf &lktfo
PltƧf dfltsĕo kb'źf/j;]g lgŹ];+ csŷf eujtf lbƉcŪd'vjfbo'lųgo] &ŷf ck/]lx kl/ofo]lx k'Ʈnjfb+, tbţ+
gfgƍsĕ/+ ldŞfufxť lg/fs/áƃ]gj] k'Ʈnsy+ cfƸb sŷf ;flwslƀ;tsyflx lgŹ];á stá.
tŴ k'Ʈnjfblg/fs/)Ŵ+ tfj vƈfotgwft'OlƇoj;]g ;ųkţf;fo wƙ];' Ps]þs]þg ;Ƹź æk'Ʈná pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, ¿kť pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g»k]0 k'Ʈná pknưlt ;lŝsŪk/dŴ]g, j]bgflk pknưlt
;lŝsŪk/dŴ]gfÆltcflbgf go]g k'Ʈn;+;Ɔgj;ƍjų+ ;'lźs;+;Ɔg+, oyf ¿kj]bgfboá ;ųkţf; wƙf cţdţf lj;lb;f
pknưlƃ, Pj+ ¿kfbLlx lj;lb;á k'Ʈná pknưtLlt k'Şgj;ƍjų+ cákƙ;+;Ɔg+, æ¿k+ k'Ʈná, ¿kƸƨ k'Ʈná, cţŶ
¿kf k'Ʈná, k'ƮnƸƨ ¿kÆlƃ Pj+ rt'Ŋþgo]g ;ųkţf;fo wƙ]lx k'Şgj;ƍjų+ rt'Ŋþgo;+;Ɔglƃ ltljwf ;+;Ɔggof
j'ųf. tŴ k'ƮnƧ ¿kflb;efjų] lgŝ;Ƨt'Ş]bflbƍ;śtá oyfg'¿k+ lg/fs/)+ j]lbtƑ+, cltljŴf/eo]g]Ŵ pkl/ r]t+ g
ljŴf/Lolt.
ttá æoyf ¿kfboá ;ƍŝof, cƍŝofboá jf xálƃ, Pj+ tj k'Ʈnálk ;ƍŝotflbnŋ)o'ųáÆlt k'Şgj;ƍjųf
nŋ)o'lųsyf, æk'ƮnáÆlt, æpknưtLÆlt r kbƀoflb;áwgŴ+ æoá k'Ʈná, ;á pknưlt. oá jf pknưlt, ;á
k'ƮnáÆltcflbk'Şgj;ƍjų+ jrg;áwg+, æ¿kwft'of ¿kLÆltcflb gfdkţlų;áwgj;ƍjųá kţųfg'oá±uëf r, æ;áj
k'Ʈná ;ƈfjlt cƨf násĕ k/+ nás+þ, cţá jf, g cţá jf, g]j cţá gfgţá jfÆltcflbgf ultkl/jųgd'±vëg
r'ltkl;ƈfg'oá±uëf æ?ŋ+ pkfbfo %fofbLg+ ljo vƈfƸb pkfbfo k/dŴtá k'ƮnkţųLÆlt jfb] tƧ
clgŝ;řttflbƍ;śbLks]ĕ pkfbfkţųfg'oá±uëf, æsƠf)kfksĕg+ sƙfg+ sĕ/s]ĕ k'ƮnáÆlt jfb] tƧ
jũb'ŋĕg'kŞ]bflbƍ;śbLks]ĕ k'l/;sĕ/fg'oá±uëf r, æoá Olźljs'Ƒs]ĕ, ;á k'ƮnáÆltcflbjfbe]bs]ĕ cleţfg'oá±uëf,
ædftflktfboá gfd clŴ, t]g k'Ʈná cŴLÆlt jfbe]bs]ĕ `ftsĕg'oá±uëf æPj+ vlųoáÆltcflb hĕŵfg'oá±uëf, æuxŪá
kƑlhtáÆltcflb klkųfg'oá±uëf, æb]já dg'ƧáÆltcflb pkkųfg'oá±uëf, æ;átfkƉáÆltcflb klj]wfg'oá±uëf, æcŪ
k'l/;k'ƮnfÆltcflb ;Ŝfg'oá±uëf, æk'Ʈná ;řtáÆltcflbj;ƍjųá ;lŝsŪ;efufg'oá±uëf, æ;'v+ j]bg+ j]lbodfgáÆltcflb
j]bsĕg'oá±uëf, æsĕo] sĕofg'kƧLÆltcflb lsŝfg'oá±uëf, æclŴ k'Ʈná cųlxtfo klkƉáÆltcflbgf k'Ʈn;efj;fws;'ų];'
;lƉlƧt];' _
;Ƒ] wƙf cgųf ‘d0lg01=353 356 w0k0279’, b'ŋd]j pƍşdfg+ pƍşlt ‘;+0lg0 2=15’.
lsƉ' ;ųált kŝ]l;, df/ lblŪut+ g' t].
;'ź;řf/k'ŧáo+, glow ;ų"knưltĶ
b'ŋd]j lx ;Ƙált, b'ŋ+ ltŪlt j]lt r.
gfţŶ b'ŋĕ ;Ƙált, gfţ+ b'ŋĕ lg?ŢltĶ ‘;+0lg0 1=171’.
oƨf r ±vëf, cfgƆ, ;'ţ+ cų]g jf cųlgo]g jf»k]0 tƨf ;'ţá nás]ĕlt j'ŝlt ‘;+0lg0 4=85’.
æcųlg jf, leŋj], ;lt cųlgo+ d]lt cƧflt»k]0 cųlg r leŋj] cųlgo] r ;ŝtá ±yëttá
cg'knưlgodfg] olƕ t+ lblŪŪfg+, ;á nás]ĕ, ;á cųf, ;á k]ŝ eljƧfld, lgŝá w'já ;Ƨtá cljkl/)fdwƙá, ;Ƨlt;d+
t±yëj &ƧfdLlt ggfo+, leŋj], s]þjná kl/k"/á afnwƙáÆlt ‘d0lg0 1=244’, ætŶ, ;]lgo, ø−fo+ ;Ŵf lbŪ] r]j wƙ]
cųfg+ ;ŝtá ±yëttá g kţfk]lt, cle;ƕ/fo] r»k]0 co+ j'ŝlt, ;]lgo, ;Ŵf ;ƙf;Ɨ'źáÆltcflbgf
k'ƮnfefjbLks;'ų;ƆƧgj;ƍjųá ;'ų;ƆƧgfg'oá±uëf rflt Pųs]þg syfd±Ʈëg ljŴf/tá k&df k'Ʈnsyf ljeųf. tŴ
æclŴ k'Ʈná cųlxtfo klkƉáÆltcfbL;' oyf ¿kfboá wƙf kŝųnŋ);fdţnŋ)j;]g nưlƃ, g Pj+ k'Ʈná, ¿kfbL;'
kg ;lt násjáxf/dų]g æclŴ k'ƮnáÆlt j'ŝtLlt. j'ųlƕ r]t+ eujtf _ æOdf ±vëf, lrų»k]0 násjáxf/f
náskţlųoáÆlt ‘bL0lg01=440’. lƀwflk a'źfg+ syf ;ƙ'ltsyf, k/dŴsyf r. tŴ æ;ųá k'Ʈná ufdá
kƑtáÆltcflbsĕ ;ƙ'ltsyf gfd, æclgŝ+ b'ŋ+ cgųf vƈf cfotgfgLÆltcflbsĕ k/dŴsyf gfd. a'źf lx o] o] ;ųf
oyf oyf a'lŢŷf rt';ŝklj]w+ sĕt'+ ;Ŋþálƃ, t];+ t];+ tyf tyf ;ƙ'ltj;]g jf k/dŴj;]g jf jáldƧsj;]g jf b];]ŷf
gfd¿kkl/Ş]bbƧgj;]g]j cdt+ dƮ+ ksĕ;]lƃ. colŤ _
b'j] ;ŝflg cŋĕl;, ;Ɨ'źá jbt+ j/á.
;ƙ'Ƹt k/dŴť, tlto+ g'knưltĶ
tŴ _
;Ř]tjrg+ ;ŝ+, nás;ƙ'ltsĕ/)+.
k/dŴjrg+ ;ŝ+, wƙfg+ tynŋ)+Ķ
tƨf ljţ" csŷfg, Ɠŧg]lelgj];g+.
k/dŴ] kltŪfo, k'ƮnfƸb ljjşo]Ķ
kţƸų cgltŊþƙ, k/dŴá ksĕl;tá.
ljgfos]þg ;á oƨf, tƨf cţálk klůtá.
k/dŴ+ ksĕ;]ƃá, ;dţ+ gfltwfjo]ltĶ ‘syf0cŪ0237’.
138
co+ k'Ʈnsyfgoá.
kl/xflgsyflbjŰgf
k'Ʈnsyftá k/+ ækl/xfolt c/xf c/xųfÆltcflbgf c;]vf, ;átfkƉjlşt;]vf r cƮdƮmþntá
kl/xfoƃLlt kjųf kl/xflgsyf. kƑşĕ ljo klj]w;řftá Ɣƪrl/ojf;álk dg'Ƨ];' Pj ejlt, glŴ b]j];'
Ɣƪrl/ojf;ált kjųf Ɣƪrl/osyf. b'ŋbƧg]g Psb];tá lsn];f kxLolƃ, tyf ;d'bobƧgfbLxLlt Pj+
gfgfle;doj;]g cálw;á lsn];f kxLoƃLlt kjųf cálw;ásyf. ´fgnfeL k'y'şgá sĕd/fuƓfkfb] ;d'Ş]bj;]g hxlt, ;á
rt';ŝfle;dof k&dd]j cgfufdL xátLlt kjųf hxltsyf. ctLtflbe]b+ ;Ƒ+ vƈflbs+þ sĕnųo]lk vƈflb;efj]g cŴLlt
kjųf ;ƑdŴLltsyf. ctLt+, cgfutť vƈflbs+þ cŴLlt kjųf ctLtŋƈflbsyf. ctLt];' ljkfswƙwƙ];' Psŝ+
cljkŊþljkfsd]j clŴ, g Ot/lƃ kjųf PsŝdŴLltsyf. ;Ƒ] wƙf ;ltkŪfgflt kjųf ;ltkŪfgsyf.
ctLtfgfutflbj;]g glŴ, ;sefj]g jf clŴ, k/efj]g gŴLlt kjųf x]jlŴsyf. tŴ x]jŴLlt Pj+ Oldgf ksĕ/]g
cŴLlt cŴá.
clwdflgsĕg+, s'xsĕg+ jf c/xųklţfg+ ;'ŊþljƧƸŪ lbƩf df/sĕlosĕ b]jtf pk;+x/ƃLlt kjųf k¿kxf/syf.
c/xtá k/];+ gfd±uëfųfbL;' clŴ cţf)+, clŴ sřf, k/]lx `fkgLotá clŴ k/ljt/)flt ltƧá syf. ;átfklųdƮŋ±)ë
b'ŋlƃ jfrf leştLlt kjųf jrLe]bsyf. b'ŋlƃ jfr+ ef;ƃá b'ŋ] `f)+ cfx/lt, tť nás'ų/lƃ kjųf b'ŋĕxf/syf.
;dfklųo+, ejś] r lrų+ lr/+ ltŪtLlt kjųf lrųlŪltsyf. ;Ƒ] ;řf/f lgƍl/ofo]g cflbųf s'Ŋ'þńlg/o;lb;flt
kjųf s'Ŋ'þńsyf. kŝ]s+þ rt';ŝbƧgj;]g Ps]þsƧ dƮƧ rt'ŋų'+ pƍlųj;]g ;áń;lx s]ĕŪf;]lx c/xųƍųLlt kjųf
cg'k'Ƒfle;dosyf. a'źfg+ jáxf/jrg+ nás'ų/lƃ kjųf jáxf/syf. ;'ź;ųfg+ cƍl;řfo d±Ʈëg ljgf
lsn];lg/áw;řftá cƍl;řflg/á±wëf, kl;řfo t]g d±Ʈëg lsn];lg/á±wëflt ƀ] lg/áwflt kjųf lg/áwsyf.
tyfutan+ ;fjs;fwf/)lƃ kjųf ansyf. cf;jŋo`f)lj/lxt+ gjan+ nás'ų/lƃ kjųf cl/olƃsyf.
;/fu+ lrų+ lgƑfg+ cf/ư /futá ljd'ŝtLlt kjųf ljd'lųsyf. ´fg]g ljŋƘgljd'lųof k&d+ ljd'ų+ lrų+ dƮŋ±)ë
;d'Ş]bljd'lųof ljd'ŝdfg+ gfd xátLlt kjųf ljd'ŝdfgsyf. cŪds;řftƧ ;átfklųdƮŪƧ cg'nád±uëfŶe'ŋ±)ë
lblŪljlrlsŞf kxLolƃ gfd, dƮŋ±)ë kxLgf gfdflt kjųf cŪdssyf. cŪdsƧ dƮŋ±)ë ;lźlƇofbLlg klnelƃ, g
klnźfgLlt kjųf cŪdsƧ OlƇosyf. rt'ŴŢĕgwƙ'kŴź+ d+;rŋ'd]j lbƑrŋ' gfdflt kjųf lbƑrŋ'syf. tyf d+;;át]
lbƑ;átsyf. oyfsƙ"kut`f)d]j lbƑrŋ"lt kjųf oyfsƙ"kut`f)syf. b]jƔƪfg+ kf)fltkftflbc;+j/fefjdų]g
;ƕųlj/ltof cefj]lk ;+j/á cŴLlt kjųf ;+j/syf. c;ţLglƕ r'ltkl;lƈŋ±)ë ;ţf cŴLlt kjųf c;ţsyf.
g]j;ţfgf;ţfotge"ldo+ ;ţf gƍjųtLlt kjųf g]j;ţfgf;ţfotgsyf.
c/xf luxL cƧflt kjųf lulxƧ c/xfltsyf. cgfufldgá ;'źfjf;];' kl;lƈlrų]g pkklųŋ±)ë c/xƃá
xáƃLlt kjųf pkklųsyf. c/xtá nálsowƙflk cgf;jflt kjųf cgf;jsyf. kŝ'ƍƉŋ±)ë ;dlśefj;dƉfudá r
¿kfjr/flbe"dƃ/klnfe;dƉfudá rflt ƀ] ;dƉfudf, o];+ kg Od] ƀ] ;dƉfud] &k]ŷf cţálk x]Ŵ pkklųwƙj;]g
Ps]ĕ ;dƉfudá gfd clŴ, t]g c/xf rt"lx mþn]lx ;dƉfutált kjųf ;dƉfutsyf. Oldgfj go]g c/xf %lx pk]ŋĕlx
;dƉfutált kjųf pk]ŋĕ;dƉfutsyf. dƮ`f);Ƒţ'tţf);řftaálwof ;bf ;lƉlxtefj]g a'źált kjųf aálwof
a'źáltsyf. dxfk'l/;nŋ)o'ųfj aálw;ųflt kjųf nŋ)syf. aálw;ųfglƕ dƮlgofdá cŴLlt kjųf lgofdáŊþlƃsyf.
rt'ŴdƮŪá tLlx mþn]lx ;dƉfutáltcflbgf kjųf ck/flk ;dƉfutsyf. k&ddƮfbLlx kxLg]lx ;Ƹź lgƍl/ofotá
c/xų+ ;Ƒ;+oáhgƍxfglƃ kjųf ;Ƒ;+oáhgkxfgsyf.
lgƍl/ofotá mþn+ ljd'lų gfd, ljkƧgfdƮkŝj]ŋ)`f)flg kg kl/ofotá. Pj+ kg cƮx]ŷf o+ lslť
lsn];ljƍo'ų+ `f)+ ljd'ųLlt kjųf ljd'lųsyf. a'źflbc;]vf/ƙ)+ c;]v`f)lƃ kjųf c;]v`f)syf.
kyjLsl;)flb;dfklųoá k/dŴtá cljşdfg] kţųf/ƙ±)ë kjųųf ljk/Lt`f)lƃ kjųf ljk/Ltsyf. tŴ clgŝ]
lgŝlƃcflbgf rt'lƑ±wëf ljkƟf;á j]lbtƑá. ;Ƒ];+ k'y'şgfg+ lgofdudgfo `f)+ cŴLlt kjųf lgofdsyf. ;Ƒ+ `f)+
kl;lƘbflt kjųf kl;lƘbfsyf. ;ƙ'ltlj;olƕ `f)+ e"tf/ƙ)d]jflt kjųf ;ƙ'lt`f)syf. r]tákl/o`f)+
lrųf/ƙ)d]j, g t+;ƕo'ų/fuflbr]tl;sĕ/ƙ)lƃ kjųf lrųf/ƙ)syf. ;ƑƸƨ cgfutwƙ] ;Ƒ];+ `f)+ cŴLlt kjųf
cgfut`f)syf. kŝ'ƍƉ] cųgá `f±)ëlk `f)+ kjųtLlt kjųf k'ƍƉ`f)syf. a'źf ljo ;fjsĕlk t]g t]g j]g]Ɯhg]g
kųƑmþn+ `ŷfj tbŴfo wƙ+ b];]ƃLlt kjųf mþn`f)syf.
;ƙųlgofdá lgodtá lgŝŪ]g c;řtált kjųf lgofdsyf. æwƙlŪttf wƙlgofdtfÆltcflbjrgtá
klŝ;d'ƍfbá c;řtált kjųf klŝ;d'ƍfbsyf. æ;ŝflg tyflg cljtyfgLÆltcflbjrgtá rt';ŝflg c;řtfgLlt
kjųf ;ŝsyf. ærųf/á cf?ƍf cfg]ŧfÆlt jrgtá c;řtflt kjųf cf?ƍsyf. lg/áw;dfklų c;řtflt kjųf
lg/áw;dfklųsyf. c;řtá cfsĕ;ált cfsĕ;syf. cfsĕ;á ;lgbƧgáltsyf. kyjLwft' ;lgbƧgfltcfƸb sŷf sĕosƙ+
;lgbƧglƃ kl/oá;fgsyf.
glŴ s]þlr wƙf s]þlxlr wƙ]lx ;ślxtf, t]g Pslj±wëg ¿k;śxáltcflb lg/Ŵslƃ kjųf ;ślxtsyf.
j]bgfboá c¿kwƙf cţdţ+ g ;ƕo'ųflt kjųf ;ƕo'ųsyf. r]tl;s+þ gŴLlt kjųf r]tl;ssyf. r]tgfwƙáj bfg+, g
b]Ɯwƙált kjųf bfgsyf. klƮfxsĕg+ kl/eáudo+ k'ţ+ cŴLlt kjųf kl/eáusyf. k]tf Otá lbƉrLj/fbLx]j
139
ofk]ƃLlt kjųf OtálbƉsyf. kyjLsƙljkfs]ĕltsyf h/fd/)+ ljkfs]ĕltsyf. lsn];ƍxfgdųd]j ;fdţmþn+, g
lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙflt kjųf cl/owƙljkfssyf. cţdţflbkŝotfo ljkfs]ĕ ljkfswƙwƙáltsyf.
c;'/sĕo]g ;Ƹź % ultoált kjųf ultsyf. dt;ųá dft'pt';doť dftflkt';+oáuť cánásodfgá ;ųfx+,
clt/]s;ųfx+ jf oƸƨ ej] ltŪlt, ;á cƃ/fejá gfd cŴLlt kjųf cƃ/fejsyf. ¿kflbkťsĕdu')fj sĕdwft' gfd,
g t' jŴ'sĕdlsn];sĕdflt kjųf sĕdu')syf. kť]jfotgflg sĕdfltsyf. ¿kwƙfj ¿kwft"ltsyf. c¿kwƙfj
c¿kwft"ltsyf. ¿kwft'of ;ųf #fgfbLlx ;Ƹź ;ńfotlgsĕlt kjųf ¿kwft'ofcfotgsyf. cf?ƍ]lk clŴ
;'v'd¿klƃsyf. sĕojrLljţlųj;]g ¿k+ sƙlƃsyf. lrųljƍo'ųá c¿kwƙáj hËljltlƇo+, ¿khËljltlƇo+ gŴLlt kjųf
hËljltlƇosyf. cl/o'kjfbsƙ]g c/xųf kl/xfotLlt kjųf sƙx]t'syf.
clgŝflbj;]g ;řf/] cfbLgjtá cklƧŷf lgƑfg+ cflg;+;tá kƧƃƧ ;+oáhgƍxfg+ xátLlt kjųf
cflg;+;bƧfljsyf. lgƑfgf/ƙ)lƕ ;+oáhg+ cŴLlt kjųf cdtf/ƙ)syf. ¿k+ ;f/ƙ)lƃsyf. cg';of
cgf/ƙ)fltsyf. `f)+ cgf/ƙ)lƃsyf. ctLtf/ƙ)ť cgfutf/ƙ)ť lrų+ cgf/ƙ)lƃsyfƀo+. ;Ƒ+ lrų+
ljtŊĕg'klttlƃsyf. ljtŊþljƎþf/áj ;Źá, ;á r g ;átljţ]Ɯált kjųf ljtŊþljƎþf/;Źsyf. ljgflk lrų]g jfrf
kjųtLlt kjųf goyflrųƧjfrfltsyf. ljgflk lrų]g sĕosƙ+ kjųtLlt kjųf goyflrųƧsĕosƙlƃsyf.
ctLt]lxlk ´fg]lx, cgfut]lxlk oálugá ;dƉfutflt kjųf ctLtfgfut;dƉfutsyf.
ejślrų] clg?ź] Pj s';nfs';nlrųflg pƍşlƃ, tbefj] r ;ƃltlg/á±wëf l;oflt kjųf lg/áwsyf. ;x
jfrflx ljţlų¿k+ d±Ʈëfltsyf. kťljţf);dlśƧflk dƮefjgf cŴLlt kjųf kťljţf);dlśƧdƮsyf. kťljţf)f
s';nflk cs';nfkLltsyf. kťljţf)f ;feáufltsyf. dƮŋ±)ë nálso]g, nás'ų/]g rflt ƀLlx ;Ln]lx o'ųfltsyf. ;Ln+
cr]tl;slƃsyf. ;Ln+ g lrųfg'kl/jųLltsyf. ;dfbfgx]t'lrųljƍo'ųá k'ţákroá xátLlt kjųf ;dfbfgx]t'ssyf.
ljţlų ;Lnlƃsyf. kf)fltkftfboá ljgflk ljţƸų xáƃLlt kjųf cljţlųb'ƧLƠsyf.
cg';of cƓfstf, cx]t'sĕ, lrųljƍo'ųflt ltƧálk cg';osyf. c;]vƧ `f)ljƍo'ųƍjlųof ;á `f)Llt
gjųƑált kjųf `f)syf. `f)+ lrųljƍo'ųlƃsyf dƮŋ±)ë Ob+ b'ŋlƃ `f)+ kjųlƃ kjųf Ob+ b'ŋlƃsyf. a'źf
Olźan]g cfo'sƍ+ ljgflk dxfsƍ+ ltŪƃLlt kjųf Olźansyf. lrų;ƃlt ;dflw, g Pslrųŋl)s]ĕlt kjųf
;dflwsyf. cljşĕlbklŝ;d'ƍfbś]lx cţf wƙlŪttflt kjųf wƙlŪttfsyf. ¿kfbLlx cţf clgŝtflt kjųf
clgŝtfsyf.
ljţlųoá ljgflk OlƇo;+j/á sĕojrLsƙlƃ kjųf syf. ;Ƒ+ sƙ+ ljkfshgslƃ kjųf sƙsyf. ;Źá
ljkfs]ĕlt kjųf syf. ;ńfotg+ ljkfs]ĕlt kjųf syf. dƮ+ ljgflk ;ųŋų'k/dáltsyf. tyf
s]ĕn+s]ĕnPsaLlhsyf;'lk. lblŪ;ƕƉá hËljtf já/ák]tLltsyf. lblŪ;ƕƉƧ ckfob'Ʈltof ;Ƹź
¿kflbtŲf;řftb'ƮltkxLgflt kjųf b'Ʈltsyf. ;ųdeljsƧ tŲf;Ƙjtá b'Ʈlt cƍxLgflt kjųf ;ųdeljssyf.
;Ŝe]bflbsƍŪ+ sƙ+ sŷf t]g dxfsƍ+ c;Lltefu+ sŷf ttá Psefudų+ sĕn+ cfo'sƍ+ lg/o] kŝƃLlt cƮx]ŷf
;sn+ dxfsƍ+ kŝlƃ, ljgƧdfg]lk sƍ] rŊþjfńƃ/];' kŝƃLlt kjųf sƍŪsyf. ;Ŝe]bs]ĕ cƍgfs';nflg ljo
sĕdfjr/s';nlƕ g klnetLlt kjųf s';nklnfesyf. cś;ƕƉfo cf)lųof cefj]lk dft'#ftflbcfgƃl/osƙkoáhs]ĕ
ldŞųlgotá Pjflt kjųf cgƃ/fko'ųsyf. clgotwƙ];'lk s]þlr s';n;ƕo'ųflgotf cŴLlt kjųf lgotƧ
lgofdsyf. gLj/±)ëlx lgj't]g klŞƉ]g]j lrų]g gLj/)+ khxƃLlt kjųf lgj'tsyf. ;ƙ'vLe"t+ ;+oáhgd]j hxtLlt
kjųf ;ƙ'vLe"tsyf. ;dfkƉá r ´fgf/ƙ)lgslƃof ´fg+ cƧfb]tLlt kjųf ;dfkƉá cƧfb]tLltsyf. b'ŋj]bgfolk
/fuƧfbj]bgf xátLlt kjųf cƧft/fusyf. wƙtŲf cƓfstfltsyf. wƙtŲf g b'ŋ;d'boáltsyf.
s';n+ jf cs';nƧ, cs';n+ jf s';nƧ cgƃ/f pƍşƃLlt kjųf s';nfs';nkl;Ɔxgsyf. uư;]Ɯsĕglƕ
aLhdų+ ;ńfotg+ kl;lƈŋ±)ë pƍştLlt kjųf ;ńfotg'ƍlųsyf. kťljţf)flg cţdţƧ cgƃ/f pƍşƃLlt kjųf
cgƃ/kŝosyf. ;ƙfjfrfsƙƃljţlųoá cl/o¿klƃsyf. sĕd/fuflbtá cţá cg';oáltsyf. lsn];kl/o'Ūfg+
lrųljƍo'ųlƃsyf. oyf sĕd/f±uëf sĕdwft'o+ kl/ofkƉá, Pj+ ¿k/fuc¿k/fuf ¿kf¿ke"ldo+ kl/ofkƉflt kjųf
kl/ofkƉsyf. ƀo+ lblŪut+ cƓfstlƃsyf. lblŪut+ ckl/ofkƉlƃsyf. oá o];+ x]t'kŝoá, ;á k'g t];+
;xhĕtflbkŝoá g xált, Pswfj PsƧ kŝoá xátLlt kjųf kŝotfsyf. cljşĕj ;řf/fg+ kŝoá, g kg ;řf/f
cljşĕoflt kjųf cţdţkŝosyf. sĕnźfgf Od] kl/lgƎþƉ]g kţlųdųflt kjųf cźfsyf. Pj+ v)nod'x'ųsyf.
cţƧ cf;jƧ cefjf cf;jf cgf;jflt kjųf cf;jsyf. nás'ų/fg+ wƙfg+ h/fd/)+ nás'ų/lƃ kjųf h/fd/)syf.
lg/áw;dfklų nás'ų/flt kjųf ;ţfj]blotsyf. ;f nálsoflt kjųf b'lto;ţfj]blotsyf. lg/áw;dfkƉálk sĕn+
s/]Ɯflt kjųf tlto;ţfj]blotsyf. lg/áw;dfklų c;ţ;ų'lksĕltsyf. sƙtá cţá lrųljƍo'ųá sƙ"kroáltsyf.
anƍųf a'źfboá Olźan]g ;ųfg+ lrų+ /fuflbcg'ƍlųof lgƮŲƃLlt kjųf lgƮxsyf. Pj+ s';n'ƍlųof
k/lrųkƮxgsyf. a'źf Olźof k/];+ ;'v+ b]ƃLlt kjųf ;'vfg'ƍbfgsyf. æ;řf/f clgŝfÆlt dgl;s/átá
ctLtflbe]bleƉ] ;Ƒ] ;řf/] cf/ƙ)j;]g Pstá clwuŲftLlt kjųf clwuƞdgl;sĕ/syf. ¿k+ x]t'slƃsyf. Pj+ ¿k+
;x]t'slƃsyf. ¿k+ s';nfs';nlƃsyf. ¿k+ ljkfs]ĕltsyf, oyf sĕdfjr/sƙ]g hĕt+ ¿k+ sĕdfjr/+, Pj+
¿kfjr/f¿kfjr/sƙ]lx hĕt+ ¿k+ ¿kfjr/f¿kfjr/lƃsyf ¿k/f±uëf ¿kwft'of, c¿k/f±uëf r c¿kwft'of
kl/ofkƉáltsyf.
clŴ c/xtá k'ţ"kroáltsyf. glŴ c/xtá csĕndŝ"ltsyf. o+ lslť pƍşlt, ;Ƒldb+ sƙtáltsyf.
OlƇoaźd]j b'ŋ+, g ;Ƒ] ;řf/flt kjųf OlƇoaźsyf. ;Ƒ] ;řf/f b'ŋĕ &k]ŷf cl/odƮlƃsyf. dƮmþnfg]j ;Ŝá
gfd, g r tflg blŋ)+ klƮŲlƃ, tƨf g jųƑ+ ;Ŝá blŋ)+ klƮŲftLltsyf. tyf g jųƑ+ ;Ŝá blŋ)+
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lj;á±wëtLltsyf. g jųƑ+ ;Ŝá e'ŧtLltsyf. g jųƑ+ ;ŜƧ lbƉ+ dxƎþnlƃsyf. a'źf g lslť e'ŧlƃ, tƨf g jųƑ+
a'źƧ lbƉ+ dxƎþnlƃsyf. bfostá bfg+ lj;'Ţlt, g klƮfxstált kjųf blŋ)flj;'lźsyf.
a'źf t'l;tnás]þ Pj lgƑųlƃ, g dg'Ƨnás]þ. PŴ lx lglƙt¿kdų+ bƧ]ƃLlt kjųf dg'Ƨnássyf. lglƙt¿k+
wƙ+ b];]lt, g a'źált kjųf wƙb];gfsyf. /f±uëfj s?)f gfd, ttá glŴ a'źfg+ s?)fltsyf. a'źfg+ pŝf/kƧfjá
cţ] uƈhĕt] cltljo clwuŲftLlt kjųf uƈhĕtsyf. a'źf Ps]þg d±Ʈëg rųfl/ ;fdţmþnflg ;lŞs/áƃLlt kjųf
PsdƮsyf. kl/sƙfƸb ljgfj k&dflbŢĕgf b'ltoflbŢĕg+ ;ŘdtLlt kjųf ´fg;Řlƃsyf. kťsgo] cljtŊþljrf/dų+
´fg+ lj;'+ ´fg+ gfd g xált, ´fgƃl/s+þ gfd xátLlt kjųf ´fgƃl/ssyf. ;dfkƉá ;Ź+ ;')ftLltsyf. ljţf)+ ljgf
k;fbrŋ'gf ¿k+ kƧtLltsyf.
t]sĕlns]þ lsn];] khxtLlt kjųf lsn];ƍhxgsyf. lgƑfg;řftflk ;'ţtf ;řf/ŋƈkl/ofkƉflt kjųf
;'ţtsyf. c;řtd]j ;fdţmþnlƃsyf o];+ s]þ;lť wƙfg+ klnfef c;řtflt kjųf klųsyf. ;Ƒwƙfg+ ;efj;řftf
tytf c;řtflt kjųf tytfsyf. cgjşŪ]g lgƑfglƕ s';nlƃsyf. cfgƃl/ofƸb ljgflk clŴ k'y'şgƧ
cŝƃlgofdtfltsyf. nálso;źfboá g OlƇofgLlt kjųf OlƇosyf.
c;lťŝflk cfgƃl/s]ĕ xátLlt kjųf c;lťŝsyf. glŴ k'y'şgƧ `f)lƃ kjųf `f)syf. g]/losĕg+ sƙfg]j
lg/okfn¿k]g j±wëlƃ, g lg/okfnflt kjųf lg/okfnsyf. clŴ b]j];' lt/Şfgfltsyf. lj/ltųo+ lrųljƍo'ų+,
kťlśs]ĕj d±Ʈëflt kjųf dƮsyf. klŝ;d'ƍfb];' `f)+ nás'ų/lƃ kjųf `f)syf.
ltƧá ;śLltoá cf/ư ;f;g+ gj+ stlƃ kjųf ;f;gsyf. k'y'şgá Psŋ±)ë t]wft's]þlx wƙ]lx cljljųált
kjųf cljljųsyf. `]Ɯfj/)x]t's+þ lslť ;+oáhg+ cƍxfolk c/xf xátLlt kjųf ;+oáhgsyf. æ;řf/f lgŝf xáƃ',
?ŋĕ lgŝk'Ǝþmþnflbo'ųf ±vëldgá xáƃ"Æltcflbgf oyflwƍfo+ Olź kjųtLlt kjųf Olźsyf. a'źfg+ ;/L/cfo'kefj]dųtá
cţflk j]dųtf cŴLlt kjųf a'źsyf. PsƸƨ v±)ë ;Ƒnáswft";' cg]sþ] a'źf ;ƃLlt kjųf ;Ƒlb;fsyf. ;Ƒ] wƙf
lgotflt kjųf wƙsyf. ;Ƒsƙflg mþnbfg] lgotfgLlt kjųf sƙsyf.
c/xf c;Ƒţ'efj]g ;Ƒţ'lj;o] lslť ;+oáhg+ cƍxfo kl/lgƑftLlt kjųf kl/lgƑfgsyf. c/xf s';nlrųá
kl/lgƑfotLlt kjųf s';nlrųsyf. c/xf cfg]ŧ] ;lŮtá kl/lgƑfotLlt kjųf cfg]ŧsyf clŴ uư;]Ɯfo
wƙfle;doá, clŴ uư;]Ɯfo c/xųƍlų, ;'lkgƃ] wƙfle;doá, c/xųƍlų rflt kjųf ltƧálk syf. ;Ƒ+ ;'lkglrų+
cƓfstlƃsyf. vl)stfo lrųfg+ glŴ cf;]jgkŝotfltsyf. ;Ƒ] ;řtf Pslrųŋl)sĕlt kjųf vl)ssyf.
OlŴof ;Ƹź Pstá ;ƕƸų cg'eljƧfdflt k"hĕƸb sŷf PsĕlwƍfoƍųƧ leŋ'gá d]y'gá wƙá kl;]ljtƑált kjųf
Psĕlwƍfosyf. kfkleŋ";' d]y'g+ kl;]jƃ];' c/xƃfg+ jŰ]g cdg'Ƨf d]yg' + kl;]jƃLlt kjųf c/xƃjŰsyf. s]þlr
;ųf cųgá OƧl/o]g sĕdsĕl/sĕj;]g ljlgkft+ uŞlƃ, g sƙj;]gflt kjųf OƧl/osĕdsĕl/sĕsyf. g /f±uëf
/fuklt¿ks]ĕltcflb klt¿ksyf. vƈfotgfboá ckl/lgƎþƉflt kjųf ckl/lgƎþƉsyflt ;flwslƀ;tsyf. kflńo+
cŪd'vjfbo'lųj;]g]j ;lƙltofbLg+ leƉnlźsĕg+ nlźe]bj;]g gfgfksĕ/tá ljeųf, tf kg ;Ƒsyf k'Ʈnsyfj. tf
t+t+nlźe]bj;]g ;ř]ktálk j'ŝdfgf cltefl/o+ uƅ+ s/álƃ, tƨf g ljŴfl/tf. t+ kg go+ OŞƃ]lx kflńcŪsyf;'
‘syf01cfboá¶ syf0cŪ0lgbfgsyf’ Pj ljŴf/tá ux]tƑált cod]Ŵ kflńgo]g ;Ƹź cŴljlgŞoá.
syfjŴ'dfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
6= odsdfltsĕ
d"nodsdfltsŴjŰgf
Obflg odsdfltsĕo ;+jŰgfgoá xált. ;f kg];f d"nodsdfltsĕ
vƈcfotgwft';ŝ;řf/cg';olrųwƙOlƇoodsdfltsĕlt b;ljwf xált. s]þgŪ]g r]Ŵ odslƃĠ o'uńŪ]g. o'uń+ lx
æodskflxfl/o+Æ, æods;fnfÆltcfbL;' æodsÆlƃ j'ŝlt, Olt o'uń;řftfg+ odsĕg+ j;]g b]l;tųf Od];' b;;'
Ps]þslƕ, Pt];+ ljehgųf lgŹ];álk, ;Ƒ];+ ;d"xųf ks/)lƕ ods+þ gfd. Ow kg]tf lgŹ];ods+þ pkfbfo
æodsdfltsĕÆŷ]j j'ųf, tf;+ kg b;Ɖ+ odsdfltsĕg+ d"nodsdfltsĕ cflb. tŴflk æo] s]þlr s';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t]
s';nd"nf. o] jf kg s';nd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf s';nfÆlt Ob+ ods+þ cflb. tƧ s';nd"n;řftfg+ lƀƉ+ cŴfg+ j;]g
cŴodslƃ jf, t];ţ]j cŴfg+ cg'nádtá klnádtá kjųkflńwƙj;]g wƙodslƃ jf, cg'nádklnádtá kjųk'Şfj;]g
k'Şfodslƃ jf ltwf odsefjá j]lbtƑá. ;];];'lk P;]j goá.
Obflg Od];+ odsĕg+ j;]g b]l;tfo OldƧf d"nodsdfltsĕo tfj goodsk'ŞfcŴjf/ƍe]bj;]g kflńjjŴfg+
Pj+ j]lbtƑ+ _ s';nlųsdfltsĕo lx æs';nf wƙfÆlt Ob+ cflbkb+ lgƧfo d"ngoá d"nd"ngoá d"nsgoá d"nd"nsgoált
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Od] rųf/á gof xálƃ. t];' Ps]þsƸƨ go] d"nods+þ Psd"nods+þ cţdţd"nodslƃ tLl) tLl) odsĕgLlt ƀfb;
odsĕlg. Ps]þsƸƨ ods]þ cg'nádklnádj;]g ƀ] ƀ] k'Şflt rt'jL;lt k'Şf, Ps]þsk'Şfo ;lƉŪfg;+;oj;]g ƀ] ƀ] cŴflt
cŪrųfnL; cŴf.
tŴ o] s]þlr s';nflt s';n];' æs';nf g' ±vëf, g s';nf g' ±vëfÆlt ;Ɔ]xfefjtá OdƸƨ kb] ;lƉŪfgŴá
j]lbtƑá. ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"nflt æ;Ƒ] t] s';nf wƙf s';nd"nf g' ±vëf, g g' ±vëfÆlt Pj+ ljdltj;]g k'lŞtųf OdƸƨ kb]
;+;oŴá j]lbtƑá. ;á r ±vëf j]g]Ɯfg+ ;+;oŪfg] ;+;o+ bLk]ŷf t+ljgábgŴ+ eujtf j'ųá, tyfutƧ kg ;+;oŪfg+ gfd
glŴ. Otá k/];'lk k'Şfkb];' P;]j goá. oyf r s';nkb+ lgƧfo Od] rt'gofboá xálƃ, cs';nkb+ lgƧfolk t±yëj,
cƓfstkb+ lgƧfolk t±yëj, s';nfbLlg tLl)lk kbflg Pstá sŷf lglŹŪ+ gfdkb+ lgƧfo t±yëjflt s';nlųsdfltsĕo
rt";' kb];' ;Ƒ]lk ;áń; gof, cŪrųfnL; odsĕlg, %Ɖj'lt k'Şf, ƀfgj'lt;t+ cŴf r pŹ];j;]g j'ųflt j]lbtƑf.
Pųfjtf d"njf/á x]t'jf/á lgbfgjf/á ;Ƙjjf/á kejjf/á ;d'Ūfgjf/á cfxf/jf/á cf/ƙ)jf/á kŝojf/á ;d'bojf/ált
;Ƒ]lk b; jf/f xálƃ. tŴ d"njf/] cfutkl/Ş]b]g]j cj;];];'lk gofboá j]lbtƑf. kflń kg]Ŵ clt;+lvųf. Olt
;Ƒ];'lk b;;' jf/];' ;lŪ;t+ gof, c;Lltclwsĕlg rųfl/ ods;tflg, ;lŪclwsĕlg gj k'Şf;tflg, jL;flwsĕlg
Ps"þgjL;lt cŴ;tflg r plŹŪfgLlt j]lbtƑflg.
Pjd]Ŵ goodsk'Şf cŴjf/ƍe]bj;]g kflńjjŴfg+ ljlbŷf Obflg tƧf cg'ųfgkbŴfg';f/]g]j
ljeśgo;lxtá ;ř]kŴjŰgfgoá Pj+ j]lbtƑá _ tŴ o] s]þrLlt cgj;];jrg+. s';nf wƙflt cgjş;'vljkfsĕ
lgƧų;efjf. ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"nflt Ƹs t] ;Ƒ]o]j s';nd"nf xáƃLlt k'Şf. Odflg kg ljƧşgdfltsĕo glŴ.
odsdfltsĕo lx ;ƑŴ k'Şfkbfg]j pźflg, g ljƧşgfgLlt. ljƧşgflg kg lgŹ];]o]j j'ųflg, tƨf ;ƑŴ
lgŹ];go]g]j ljƧşgd'v+ bƧloƧfd. OldƧfj æo] s]þlr s';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"nfÆlt k'Şfo ljeśgo]g Ob+
ljƧşgd'v+. ætL±)ëj s';nd"nflg, cj;];f s';nf wƙf g s';nd"nfÆlt tƧf rfodŴá _ g t] ;Ƒ] s';nf wƙf
s';nd"nflg xálƃ, cnáefbLlg kg tL±)ëj s';nd"nfgLlt. o] jf kg s';nd"nf toá cnáefboá s';nfg+ d"nflt j'ųf,
;Ƒ] t] s';nf wƙflt Ƹs t] ;Ƒ] toálk wƙf s';nflt k'Şf. tƧf lgŹ];] æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+. tƧ t];+ ltŰ+ d"nfg+
s';nefjlƕ ;ƕlŞfdLlt cŴá. co+ tfj d"ngo] d"nodsgoá.
Psd"nods]þ kg ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"n]g Psd"nflt u)gŪ]g Psd"ns+þ cƮx]ŷf ;dfgŴ]g ux]tƑf, co+ x]Ŵ cŴá _
æ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"n]g Ps+þ ;dfg+ d"n+ Pt];lƃ Psd"nfÆlt. o+ mþƧƧ d"n+, Ƹs tb]j j]bgfbLglƃ co+ k'Şf. cy g];+
tyfefj+ ;ƕlŞgj;]g æcfdƃfÆlt ljeś] ljƧşg+. o] jf kg s';nd"n]g Psd"nf, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf s';nflt k'Şf. tƧf
kg s';nlrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+ s';nd"n]g Psd"nd]j, g s';n+, mþƧflbwƙhĕt+ kg s';nd"n]g Psd"nť]j s';nťflt Ob+
ljƧşg+. o±yëj lx mþƧfbLg+ cnáefboá ;'ƍltlŪtefj;fwg]g x]t'kŝoųf d"n+, tyf t+;d'Ūfg¿kƧfkLlt t+¿klƕ
c¿kwƙ]lx ;Ƹź ;dfgd"nlƃ j'ŝlt, g kg s';n+ cgjş;'vljkfsųfefjf. Psd"nodsgoá.
cţdţd"nods]þ kg æo] s]þlr s';nfÆlt ck'lŞŷf æo] s]þlr s';nd"n]g Psd"nfÆlt k'Şf stf. sƨfĠ
Oldgflk Ɠŧg]g tƧ]jŴƧ ;ƘjbƧgŴ+, s';n;d'Ūfg¿kƧflk ;lƕůgŴť. cţdţd"nflt ;Ƒ]j t] Ƹs cţdţƧ
x]t'kŝoŪ]g d"nflg xáƃLlt k'Şf. tƧf oflg ƀ] tLl) d"nflg Pstá pƍşlƃ, tfg]j Psd"nflg r]j cţdţd"nflg r,
cj;];f s';nd"n;xhĕtf ¿kf¿kwƙf s';nd"n]g Psd"nfj, g r cţdţd"nflt ljƧşg+. tƧ]j klnádgo] ;Ƒ] t]
cţdţd"nf cnáefboá s';nflt k'Şf. cfdƃflt ljƧşg+. d"ngoá.
oyf r d"ngo] d"nodsPsd"nodscţdţd"nodsj;]g %lƑwf k'ŞfljƧşggof j'ųf, Pj+ d"nd"ngofbL;'lk
j]lbtƑf. co+ kg]Ŵ lj;];á _ ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"nd"nflt ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"n;řftf d"nf, s';nd"nd"nfŷ]j cŴá. Psd"nd"nflt
;dfgŪ]g Psd]j d"nd"n+ Pt];lƃ Psd"nd"nf, ;dfgd"nd"nfŷ]j cŴá. cţdţd"nd"nflt cţdţƧ d"n+ cţdţd"n+, t+
x]t'kŝoŪ]g d"n+ Pt];lƃ cţdţd"nd"nf, cţdţd"nd"nfŷ]j cŴá. ;];+ tflb;d]jflt. d"nd"ngoá.
d"nsgo] kg ;Ƒ] t] s';nd"nsĕlt ;Ƒ] t] s';nf x]t'kŝoŪ]g s';ne"t+ d"n+ Pt];lƃ s';nd"nsĕlt k'Şf.
cfdƃflt ljƧşg+. æo] jf kg s';nd"nsĕ, ;Ƒ] t] wƙf s';nfÆlt k'Şf. o+ ¿k+, t+ &k]ŷf ;];+ s';nlƃ ljƧşg+, ;];+
tflb;d]jflt. d"nsgoá.
d"nd"nsgo] kg s';nd"nd"nsĕlt s';nd"n;řft+ d"n+ Pt];lƃ s';nd"nd"nsĕ. ;];+ tflb;d]jflt.
co+ tfj s';nkb];' k'ŞfljƧşggoá. cs';nkbfbL;'lk P;]j goá. co+ kg lj;];á _ cs';nkbd"n];'
Psd"nods]þ æo] s]þlr cs';nf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cs';nd"n]g Psd"nfÆlt k&dk'Şfo æcx]t's+þ cs';n+ cs';nd"n]g Psd"nÆlƃ
lgŹ];] ljƧşg+ st+. tŴ cx]t's+þ cs';nlƃ ƀL;' dáxd"nlrų];' dáx+ ;ƈfo j'ų+, cƓfstkbd"n];' Psd"nods]þ æo] s]þlr
cƓfstf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nfÆlt k'Şfo æcx]t's+þ cƓfst+ &k]ŷf ;];f cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nsĕÆlt ljƧşg+.
tŴ cx]t's+þ cƓfstlƃ cŪf/;fx]t'slrų'ƍfbf, ¿k+, lgƑfgť. PŴ r lsťflk ;x]t'scƓfstlrų;d'Ūfg¿klƕ
cƓfstd"n]g Psd"nd]j, t+ kg cƑáxfl/s+þ sŷf lgŹ];] Pstá nưdfgsj;]gk]t+ ljƧşg+ stlƃ j]lbtƑ+.
gfdkbd"n];' r æo] s]þlr gfdf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] gfdd"nfÆlt k'Şfo ægj]j gfdd"nflg, cj;];f gfdf wƙf, g
gfdd"nfÆlt ljƧşg+. Psd"ngo] kg]Ŵ æo] s]þlr gfdf wƙf, ;Ƒ] t] gfdd"n]g Psd"nfÆlt k'Şf. æcx]t's+þ gfd+ &k]ŷf
;];+ gfdd"n]g Psd"nÆlƃ ljƧşg+. tŴ cx]t'slrų'ƍfbljlrlsŞ'źŝ;ƕo'ųdáxlgƑfgj;]g cx]t's+þ gfd+ j]lbtƑ+. ;];+
;ƑŴ s';nkb] j'ųfg';f/]g ;'ljţ]Ɯd]jflt. co+ d"njf/] goá.
Otá k/];' x]t'jf/fbL;' gj;' jf/];' d"njf/;lb;áj ;ƑŴ ;+jŰgfgoá. x]t'cflbkbdųd]j x]Ŵ lj;];á,
tflg r d"n-;Źkl/ofotá cnáeflbx]t'sĕg]j. cnáefboá lx ;xhĕtwƙ;řftƧ cųgá mþnƧ kltŪfgŪ]g d"n+. tƧ
lgƎþfbgŴ+ lxgált kjųtLlt x]t', æxƆ g+ uŲyfÆlt bƧ]ƃ+ ljo cųgá mþn+ lgb]tLlt lgbfg+. Ptƨf mþn+ ;ƘjtLlt
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;Ƙjá. kejtLlt kejá. ;d'Ūflt t+ PŴ, Pt]gflt jf ;d'Ūfg+. t+ cfx/tLlt cfxf/á. ckllŋlktƑŪ]g t]g
cfnƗLotLlt cfnƗ)+. Pt+ klŝ t+ PtLlt kŝoá. Ptƨf t+ ;d'b]tLlt ;d'boá. ;Ƒ+ sĕ/)kl/ofo]g j'ųf æd"n+ x]t'
lgbfgťfÆlt ufyf b;Ɖlƕ jf/fg+ pŹfgufyf gfd. co+ d"nodsdfltsŴjŰgfgoá.
vƈodsdfltsŴjŰgf
vƈodskflńof kg kflńjjŴfg+ tfj Pj+ j]lbtƑ+ _ ækťŋƈfÆlt kb+ cfƸb sŷf ofj æg vƈf g ;řf/fÆlt
kb+, tfj kjųf co+ vƈodsdfltsĕ gfd. ;f kŰlųjf/Ƨ æpŹ];jf/áÆltlk æk'Şfjf/áÆltlk j'ŝlt. ;á r
kb;áwgjf/á kb;áwgd"nrŊþjf/á ;'źvƈjf/á ;'źvƈd"nrŊþjf/ált rt"lx gojf/]lx kldlůtá. tŴ æ¿k+ ¿kŋƈá,
¿kŋƈá ¿kÆlƃcflbgf go]g kbd]j ;á±wëŷf utá kb;áwgjf/á gfd. ;á cg'nádklnádj;]g b'lj±wëf xált tƧ
cg'nádjf/] æ¿k+ ¿kŋƈá, ¿kŋƈá ¿kÆlƃcfbLlg kť odsĕlg. klnádjf/]lk æg ¿k+ g ¿kŋƈá, g ¿kŋƈá g
¿kÆlƃcflbgf kť jf/f.
ttá k/+ t];ţ]j kb;áwgjf/] ;álwtfg+ vƈfg+ æ¿k+ ¿kŋƈá, vƈf j]bgfŋƈáÆltcflbgf go]g Ps]þsvƈd"nsĕlg
rųfl/ rųfl/ rŊĕlg alƈŷf utá kb;áwgd"nsĕg+ rŊĕg+ clŴtfo kb;áwgd"nrŊþjf/á gfd. ;álk cg'nádklnádj;]g
b'lj±wëf xált. tƧ cg'nádjf/] æ¿k+ ¿kŋƈá, vƈf j]bgfŋƈáÆltcfbLlg Ps]þsvƈd"nsĕlg rųfl/ rųfl/ sŷf jL;lt
odsĕlg. klnádjf/]lk æg ¿k+ g ¿kŋƈá, g vƈf g j]bgfŋƈáÆltcfbLlg jL;ltd]j.
ttá k/+ æ¿k+ vƈá, vƈf ¿kÆlƃcflbgf go]g ;'źvƈj;]g]j utá ;'źvƈjf/á gfd. ;álk
cg'nádklnádj;]g b'lj±wëf xált. tƧ cg'nádjf/] æ¿k+ vƈá vƈf ¿kÆlƃcfbLlg kť odsĕlg. klnádjf/]lk æg
¿k+ g vƈá, g vƈf g ¿kÆlƃcfbLlg kť]j.
ttá k/+ t];ţ]j ;'źvƈfg+ æ¿k+ vƈá, vƈf j]bgfÆltcflbgf go]g Ps]þsvƈd"nsĕlg rųfl/ rųfl/ rŊĕlg
alƈŷf utá ;'źvƈd"nsĕg+ rŊĕg+ clŴtfo ;'źvƈd"nrŊþjf/á gfd. ;álk cg'nádklnádj;]g b'lj±wëf xált. tƧ
cg'nádjf/] æ¿k+ vƈá, vƈf j]bgfÆltcfbLlg Ps]þsvƈd"nsĕlg rųfl/ rųfl/ sŷf jL;lt odsĕlg. klnádjf/]lk æg
¿k+ g vƈá, g vƈf g j]bgfÆltcfbLlg jL;ltd]j. Pjd]Ŵ rt";' gojf/];' Ps+þ ods;t+, ƀ] k'Şf;tflg, Ps]þsk'Şfo
;lƉŪfg;+;oj;]g ƀ] ƀ] cŴ] sŷf rųfl/ r cŴ;tflg plŹŪfgLlt j]lbtƑflg.
Pjd]ltƧf kflńjjŴfg+ ljlbŷf Obflg cg'ųfgkbŴfg';f/]g ljeśgo;lxt;ř]kŴjŰgfgoá Pj+ j]lbtƑá.
kťŋƈflt co+ odsj;]g k'lŞtƑfg+ vƈfg+ pŹ];á. ¿kŋƈá»k]0» ljţf)ŋƈált t];ţ]j ke]btá gfdjjŴfg+. ttá
k/+ kb;áwgjf/fboá rųf/á gojf/f. tŴ ¿k+ ¿kŋƈált o+ lslť æ¿kÆlƃ j'ŝlt, ;Ƒ+ t+ æ¿kŋƈáÆlt k'ŞtLlt
jrg;áwgŴ+ k'Şf. tƧf r ælko¿k+ ;ft¿k+ ¿k+ g ¿kŋƈá, ¿kŋƈá ¿kť]j ¿kŋƈá rfÆlt Ob+ lgŹ];go]g
ljƧşg+. tŴ lko¿k+ ;ft¿klƃcfbL;' o+ æ¿kÆlƃ j'ų+, t+ ¿kd]j g ¿kŋƈá. oá kg æ¿kŋƈáÆlt j'ųá, ;á
æ¿kÆlƃlk æ¿kŋƈáÆltlk jų'+ jũtLlt cŴá. ¿kŋƈá ¿klƃ PŴ kg æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+ ¿kŋƈƧ lgod]g ¿klƃ
jųƑųf. j]bgf j]bgfŋƈált k'Şfo, j]bgfŋƈá j]bgflt k'Şfo r æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+. ;ţf;ţfŋƈált k'Şfo
ækkť;ţfÆltcfbL;' cfutf lblŪ;ţf ;ţf g ;ţfŋƈá, ;ţfŋƈá ;ţf r]j ;ţfŋƈá rflt ljƧşg+. ;ţfŋƈá ;ţflt
k'Şfo r æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+. ;řf/f ;řf/ŋƈált k'Şfo æclgŝf jt ;řf/fÆltcfbL;' cfutá ;řf/ŋƈá, ttá
cj;];f ;řtwƙf ;řf/f g ;řf/ŋƈált ljƧşg+. ;řf/ŋƈá ;řf/flt k'Şfo æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+. ljţf)+
ljţf)ŋƈált k'Şfo, ljţf)ŋƈá ljţf)lƃ k'Şfo r æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+.
klnádjf/] g ¿k+ g ¿kŋƈált k'Şfo æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+. tƧ ¿k-;ŹjrgLof wƙf ¿kŋƈá g
xáƃLlt cŴá. g ¿kŋƈá g ¿klƃ k'Şfo ¿kŋƈlj/lxtf ælko¿k+ ;ft¿kÆlƃ j'ųf wƙf g ¿kŋƈá, ¿k+,
lko¿k;ft¿k¿kŋƈlj/lxtf kg wƙf g ¿kŋƈá r]j g ¿kťflt ljƧşg+. g j]bgf g j]bgfŋƈált k'Şfo, g
j]bgfŋƈá g j]bgflt k'Şfo, g ;ţf g ;ţfŋƈált k'Şfo r æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+. g ;řf/f g ;řf/ŋƈált k'Şfo
æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+. g ;ţfŋƈá g ;ţflt k'Şfo kg lblŪ;ţf g ;ţfŋƈá, ;ţf, t+ lblŪ;ţ+, ;ţfŋƈť &k]ŷf
cj;];f g r]j ;ţf g r ;ţfŋƈált ljƧşg+. g ;řf/f g ;řf/ŋƈált k'Şfo æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+. g ;řf/ŋƈá g
;řf/flt k'Şfo ;řf/ŋƈ+ &k]ŷf cj;];;řtwƙf g ;řf/ŋƈá, ;řf/f, c;řtf kg wft' g r]j ;řf/f g r
;řf/ŋƈált ljƧşg+. g ljţf)+ g ljţf)ŋƈált k'Şfo, g ljţf)ŋƈá g ljţf)lƃ k'Şfo r æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+.
Oldgfj go]g Otá k/];'lk ;ƑŴ ljƧşggoá j]lbtƑá, lj;];dųd]j kg jŋĕd.
kb;áwgd"nrŊþjf/] kg co+ lj;];á _ vƈf j]bgfŋƈált o] s]þlr vƈf, ;Ƒ] t] j]bgfŋƈált k'Şf. tƧf
æj]bgfŋƈá vƈá r]j j]bgfŋƈá r, cj;];f kg vƈf, g j]bgfŋƈáÆlt ljƧşg+. ;];];'lk P;]j goá. klnád] kg
g vƈf g j]bgfŋƈált k'Şfo æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+. PŴ r o] kţlųlgƑfg;řftf wƙf vƈflk g xálƃ, t] oƨf
j]bgfŋƈálk g xált, tƨf æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+, ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. kb;áwgd"nrŊþjf/á.
;'źvƈjf/] kg æ¿k+ vƈáÆlt k'Şfo æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+ lko¿kfbLgť kť;' vƈ];' ;ślxtųf. ævƈf
¿kÆlƃcfbL;' o] s]þlr vƈf, ;Ƒ] t] ¿kŋƈáltcflbgf cŴá ux]tƑá. t]g]j lxƧ lgŹ];] ævƈf ¿kÆlƃcflbgf kb+
cg'źl/ŷf ævƈf ¿kŋƈáÆltcflbgf cŴj;]g]j kb+ pźl/ŷf æ¿kŋƈá vƈá r]j ¿kŋƈá r, cj;];f vƈf, g ¿kŋƈáÆlt
ljƧşg+ st+. t]g]j r sĕ/±)ëg ;'źvƈjf/ált j'ųá. jrg;áwg] ljo lx PŴ g jrg+ kdf)+, oyf kg ;'źvƈf
nưlƃ, tyf tyf cŴáj kdf)+. k/tá cfotgodsdfltsĕbL;'lk P;]j goá. klnád] æg ¿k+ g vƈáÆlt o+ wƙhĕt+
¿k+ g xált, t+ vƈálk g xátLlt k'Şf, tƧf æ¿kŋƈlj/lxtf vƈf, g ¿k+, tyf lgƑfg+ g kg ¿kť]j g vƈá rfÆlt
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ljƧşg+. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]j. ;'źvƈjf/á.
;'źvƈd"nrŊþjf/]lk ævƈf j]bgfŋƈáÆltcflbgf x]Ūf j'ųgo]g cŴá j]lbtƑált co+ kŰlųjf/] goá.
oƨf kg lgŹ];] OldƧf kg dfltsĕo kŰlųjf/;řft+ lgŹ];+ jŷf ttá Od+ dfltsĕŊþd+ d'lťŷf ck/]g kl/ofo]g
cţ]lk pŹ];jf/lj/lxtf ækjlųjf/á kl/ţfjf/áÆlt ƀ] dxfjf/f k'ŞfljƧşgj;]g j'ųf, tƨf t];+ lƀƉlƕ jf/fg+ goá
bƧ]tƑá. ttá kjlųjf/] tfj kflńjjŴfgk'lƑsĕ d'vdųƍsĕ;gf _ OdƸƨ lx pƍfbjf/á lg/áwjf/á pƍfblg/áwjf/ált
toá cƃ/jf/f xálƃ. tŴ pƍfbjf/] tfj ltŰ+ cźfg+ j;]g % sĕne]bf xálƃ kŝ'ƍƉá, ctLtá, cgfutá,
kŝ'ƍƉ]gftLtá, kŝ'ƍƉ]gfgfutá, ctLt]gfgfutált. Pjd]t];' %;' sĕne]b];' ø−fo+ k&dá kŝ'ƍƉá, tŴ k'Ʈntá cásĕ;tá
k'Ʈnásĕ;tált toá jf/f xálƃ.
tŴ æoƧ ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá pƍştLltĠ c;ţ;ų+ pkkşƃfg+ t];+ ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt, gá r
t];+ j]bgfŋƈá pƍşlt. kťjásĕ/+ pkkşƃfg+ t];+ ¿kŋƈá r pƍşlt, j]bgfŋƈá r pƍşlt. oƧ jf kg j]bgfŋƈá
pƍşlt, tƧ ¿kŋƈá pƍştLltĠ c¿k+ pkkşƃfg+ t];+ j]bgfŋƈá pƍşlt, gá r t];+ ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt. kťjásĕ/+
pkkşƃfg+ t];+ j]bgfŋƈá r pƍşlt, ¿kŋƈá r pƍşlt. oƧ ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt»k]0 tƧ ljţf)ŋƈá pƍşlt»k]0
oƧ jf kg ljţf)ŋƈá pƍşlt, tƧ ¿kŋƈá pƍştLlt»k]0 kťjásĕ/+ »k]0 pƍştLÆlt Pj+ ¿kŋƈd"nsĕlg rųfl/,
æoƧ j]bgfŋƈá pƍşlt, tƧ ;ţfŋƈá pƍştLÆltcflbgf r j]bgfŋƈd"nsĕlg tLl), ;ţfŋƈd"nsĕlg ƀ], ;řf/ŋƈd"ns+þ
Pslƃ Pjd]tflg kŝ'ƍƉsĕn] k'Ʈnjf/] cg'nádgo] b; odsĕlg xálƃ. tŴ ¿kŋƈd"ns]þ;' rt";' cflbtá Psd]j kflńo+
ljƧlşt+, ;];flg t]g ;lb;ljƧşgfgLlt tlƃof nx'efjŴ+ ;+lvųflg.
j]bgfŋƈd"ns]þ kg ;ƑŴ æcfdƃfÆlt Ps;lb;d]j ljƧşg+. j]bgfbL;' pƍƉ];' lgod]g ;ţfbLg+ pƍşgtá
tŴ ;Ƒflg ;+lvųflg. oyf r k'Ʈnjf/] b; odsĕlg, Pj+ cásĕ;jf/]lk æoŴ ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt, tŴ j]bgfŋƈá
pƍştLltĠ c;ţ;ų] tŴ»k]0 kťjásĕ/] tŴ»k]0 pƍştLÆltcflbgf, k'Ʈnásĕ;jf/]lk æoƧ oŴ ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt, tƧ
tŴ j]bgfŋƈá pƍştLltĠ c;ţ;ų+»k]0 kťjásĕ/+»k]0 pƍştLÆltcflbgf. kŝ'ƍƉsĕn] tL;' jf/];' cg'nádgo] Ƹt;
odsĕ xálƃ. oyf cg'nádgo] Ƹt;, Pj+ klnádgo]lk æoƧ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍştLltĠ c¿k+
pkkşƃfg+ t];+ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt, gá r t];+ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍşlt. ;Ƒ];+ rjƃfg+ t];+ ¿kŋƈá r g'ƍşlt j]bgfŋƈá r
g'ƍşlt. oƧ jf kg j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍşlt, tƧ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍştLltĠ c;ţ;ų+ pkkşƃfg+ t];+ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍşlt, gá r
t];+ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt. ;Ƒ];+ rjƃfg+ t];+ j]bgfŋƈá r g'ƍşlt ¿kŋƈá r g'ƍştLÆltcflbgf, æoŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt,
tŴ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍştLltĠ pƍşlt. oŴ jf kg»k]0 g'ƍştLltĠ pƍştLÆltcflbgf r, æoƧ oŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt,
tƧ tŴ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍştLlt»k]0 ;Ƒ];+ rjƃfg+ tb'eo+ g'ƍştLÆltcflbgf rflt Ƹt; odsĕ. Pj+ kŝ'ƍƉsĕn] ;lŪ
odsĕlg, tlŹu')f k'Şf, tlŹu')f r cŴf j]lbtƑf.
tŴ oƧ ¿kŋƈá pƍştLlt oƧ k'ƮnƧ kl;lƈŋ±)ë ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt. tƧ j]bgfŋƈált j]bgfŋƈálk tƧ
tƸƨo]j v±)ë pƍştLlt cŴá Oldgfj go]g. tŴ c;ţ;ųlƃ c;ţųej+ kl;lƈj;]g pkkşƃfg+ t];+ pƍşgŋ±)ë
¿kŋƈá pƍşlt, gá r t];+ clrųsųf j]bgfŋƈá pƍştLlt cŴá Oldgfj go]g æoƧ jf kg j]bgfŋƈáÆltcflbs]þ;'
k'ŞfljƧşg];', ttá k/];'lk ;ƑŴ cŴá j]lbtƑá.
Ob+ kg]Ŵ pƍfblg/á±wë;' lgodnŋ)+ _ ;sn]lk lx OdƸƨ vƈods]þ tŴ tŴ pƍƉfg+ ;ųfg+ kjų] ofj d/)f
jf vƈfg+ ckl/oƃ];' pƍfblg/á±wë;' ljşdfg];'lk nx'kl/jųfg+ wƙfg+ ljlgưáu+ sŷf pƍfblg/á±wë bƧ]t'+ g ;'s/lƃ
kjlųo+ pƍfblg/á±wë cgfdl;ŷf kl;lƈpƍfbj;]g]j pƍfbjf/á, lg/áwd/)sĕn] lg/áwj;]g]j r lg/áwjf/á slytá.
Pjd]Ŵ pƍfblg/á±wë;' lgodnŋ)+ ljlbŷf kl;lƈpƍfbd]j r r'ltlg/áwd]j r ux]ŷf t];' t];' &fg];' cfutfg+
k'ŞfljƧşgfg+ cŴljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá.
klnádgo] kg ;Ƒ];+ rjƃfglƃ d/)lrųƧ eśŋ);dƉfutfg+. t];+ lx tŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt, j]bgfŋƈá r
r'ltlrųƧ pƍlųŋ±)ë Pj pƍƉųf. æoŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt, tŴ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍştLÆlt k'Şfo c¿kej+ ;ƈfo
æpƍştLÆlt Ob+ ljƧşg+ st+, cgƃ/k'Şfo c;lţej+ ;ƈfo æpƍştLÆlt Ob+ ljƧşglƃ j]lbtƑ+. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]jflt
co+ kŝ'ƍƉsĕn] goá.
oyf r kŝ'ƍƉsĕn] ;lŪ odsĕbLlg, Pj+ ;];];'lk kť;' sĕne]b];' kŝ]slƃ ux]tƑ+. k'ŞfljƧşg];' kg]Ŵ
lsťflk æoƧ ¿kŋƈá pƍlşŴ, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá pƍlşŴfltĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf, æoŴ ¿kŋƈá pƍlşŴ, tŴ j]bgfŋƈá
pƍlşŴfltĠ kťjásĕ/] pƍlşŴ, gfţŴfÆltcflbgf r, æoƧ oŴ ¿kŋƈá pƍlşŴ, tƧ tŴ j]bgfŋƈá pƍlşŴfltĠ
kťjásĕ/fg+ t];+ tŴ pƍlşŴ, gfţŴfÆltcflbgf r ctLtsĕn] cg'nádgo], æoƧ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍlşŴ, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá
g'ƍlşŴfltĠ gŴLÆltcflbgf, æoŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍlşŴ, tŴ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍlşŴfltĠ pƍlşŴfÆltcflbgf, æoƧ oŴ
¿kŋƈá g'ƍlşŴ, tƧ tŴ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍlşŴfltĠ c¿kfg+ t];+ tŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍlşŴ, gá r t];+»k]0 ;'źfjf;fg+ t];+
tŴ tb'eo+ g'ƍlşŴfÆltcflbgf tL;' jf/];' klnádgo] r,
æoƧ ¿kŋƈá pƍlşƧlt, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá pƍlşƧtLltĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf, æoŴ ¿kŋƈá pƍlşƧlt, tŴ
j]bgfŋƈá pƍlşƧtLlt»k]0 kťjásĕ/] pƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf, æoƧ oŴ ¿kŋƈá pƍlşƧlt, tƧ tŴ j]bgfŋƈá
pƍlşƧlt»k]0 kťjásĕ/fg+ t];+ tŴ pƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf r cgfutsĕn] cg'nádgo], æoƧ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍlşƧlt, tƧ
j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍlşƧtLltĠ o] c¿k+ pkklşŷf kl/lgƑfloƧlƃ, t];+ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍlşƧlt, g]t/á, klŞdeljsĕg+ tb'eo+
g'ƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf, æoŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍlşƧlt, tŴ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf, æoƧ oŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍlşƧlt,
tƧ tŴ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍlşƧtLltĠ c¿kfg+ t];+ tŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍlşƧlt, g]t/á, klŞdeljsĕg+ tb'eo+ g'ƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf
klnádgo] r,
144
æoƧ ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá pƍlşŴfÆltcflbgf, æoŴ ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt, tŴ j]bgfŋƈá
pƍlşŴflt»k]0 kťjásĕ/] pƍştLÆltcflbgf, æoƧ oŴ ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt, tƧ tŴ j]bgfŋƈá pƍlşŴfltĠ ;'źfjf;+
c;ţ;ų+ pkkşƃfg+ t];+ tŴ ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt, gá r t];+ tŴ j]bgfŋƈá pƍlşŴ, kťjásĕ/] kg pƍlşŴfÆltcflbgf
kŝ'ƍƉ]g ctLtsĕn] cg'nádgo], æoƧ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍlşŴfÆltcflbgf, æoŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt, tŴ
j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍlşŴfltĠ pƍlşŴfÆltcflbgf, æoƧ oŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt tƧ tŴ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍlşŴfltĠ kťjásĕ/f
rjƃfg+ c¿kfgť t];+ tŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt, gá r t];+ tŴ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍlşŴ, ;'źfjf;] kl/lgƑƃfg+ c;ţ;ųf rjƃfg+
t];+ tŴ ¿kŋƈá r g'ƍşlt j]bgfŋƈá r g'ƍlşŴfÆltcflbgf klnádgo] r,
æoƧ ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá pƍlşƧtLltĠ klŞdeljsĕg+ kťjásĕ/+ pkkşƃfg+ t];+ ¿kŋƈá
pƍştLÆltcflbgf, æoŴ ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt, tŴ j]bgfŋƈá pƍlşƧtLltĠ kťjásĕ/]»k]0 pƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf r,
æoƧ oŴ ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt, tƧ tŴ j]bgfŋƈá pƍlşƧtLlt klŞdeljsĕg+ kťjásĕ/]»k]0 pƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf r
kŝ'ƍƉ]g cgfutsĕn] cg'nádgo], æoƧ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍlşƧtLlt kťjásĕ/] kl/lgƑƃfg+ c¿k]
klŞdeljsĕg+»k]0 g'ƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf, æoŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt, tŴ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍlşƧtLltĠ pƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf,
æoƧ oŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt, tƧ tŴ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍlşƧtLlt»k]0 kťjásĕ/] kl/lgƑƃfg+ c¿k] klŞdeljsĕg+ c;ţ;ųf
rjƃfg+ t];+ tŴ»k]0 g'ƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf klnádgo] r,
æoƧ ¿kŋƈá pƍlşŴ, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá pƍlşƧtLltĠ klŞdeljsĕg+ pƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf, æoŴ ¿kŋƈá
pƍlşŴ, tŴ j]bgfŋƈá pƍlşƧtLlt»k]0 kťjásĕ/] pƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf, æoƧ oŴ ¿kŋƈá pƍlşŴ, tƧ tŴ
j]bgfŋƈá pƍlşƧtLltĠ kťjásĕ/] klŞdeljsĕg+ c;ţ;ųfg+»k]0 pƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf ctLt]g cgfutsĕn] cg'nádgo],
æoƧ ¿kŋƈá pƍlşŴ, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá pƍlşƧtLltĠ gŴLÆltcflbgf, æoŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍlşŴ, tŴ j]bgfŋƈá
g'ƍlşƧtLltĠ pƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf, æoƧ oŴ ¿kŋƈá g'ƍlşŴ, tƧ tŴ j]bgfŋƈá g'ƍlşƧtLlt»k]0 ;'źfjf;fg+
c¿k] klŞdeljsĕg+ t];+ tŴ ¿kŋƈá r g'ƍlşŴ j]bgfŋƈá r g'ƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf klnádgo] r ;'źf cŴlj;];f
pknưlƃ. tyflk uƅljŴf/eo]g cgj;];tá g bƧloƧfd, blƧtgo]g]j ;ƑŴ k'ŞfljƧşg+ ;Ŋĕ klůt]g `ft'lƃ co+
pƍfbjf/] goá.
oyf r pƍfbjf/] %;' sĕne]b];' kŝ]s+þ k'Ʈnflbe]btá cg'nádklnádgo'eo]g % % jf/f, Ps]þsƸƨ jf/] b;
b; sŷf ;lŪ ;lŪ odsĕlg, ;Ƒflglk ;lŪclwsĕlg tLl) ods;tflg, ttá lƀu')f k'Şf, lƀu')f cŴf r xálƃ, Pj+
lg/áwjf/] pƍfblg/áwjf/]lk j]lbtƑf. tŴ r æoƧ ¿kŋƈá lg?Ţlt, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá lg?ŢtLlt»k]0 kťjásĕ/f
rjƃfg+»k]0 lg?ŢtLÆltcflbgf, æoƧ ¿kŋƈá g lg?Ţlt, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá g lg?ŢtLlt»k]0 ;Ƒ];+
pkkşƃfg+»k]0 g lg?ŢtLÆltcflbgf lg/áwjf/], æoƧ ¿kŋƈá pƍşlt, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá lg?ŢtLltĠ gá. oƧ
¿kŋƈá g'ƍşlt, tƧ j]bgfŋƈá g lg?ŢtLlt»k]0 c¿k+ pkkşƃfg+ c;ţ;ųf rjƃfg+ t];+ ¿kŋƈá r g'ƍşlt,
j]bgfŋƈá r g lg?ŢtLÆltcflbgf pƍfblg/áwjf/] r x]Ūf j'ųfg';f/]g ;ƑŴ k'ŞfljƧşggoá `ftƑált co+ kjlųjf/]
goá.
kl/ţfjf/] kg k'Ʈnjf/fbL;' tL;' k'Ʈnjf/á Ps]ĕj nưlt, g cásĕ;k'Ʈnásĕ;jf/f ;lb;ljƧşgųf. oá lx
s]ĕlr k'Ʈná ¿kfƸb kl/hĕgƃáj oŴ sŴlr lg?źálk tflb;áj xált, tƨf %;' sĕne]b];' cg'nádtá k'Ʈnj;]g ƀ] ƀ]
jf/f, Ps]þsƸƨ jf/] b; b; sŷf jL;lt jL;lt odsĕgLlt jL;+ ods;t+, tlŹu')f k'Şf, tlŹu')f r cŴf j]lbtƑf.
tŴ r æoá ¿kŋƈ+ kl/hĕgflt, ;á j]bgfŋƈ+ kl/hĕgftLltĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf r, æoá ¿kŋƈ+ g kl/hĕgflt, ;á
j]bgfŋƈ+ g kl/hĕgftLltĠ cfdƃfÆlt cflbgf r cg'nádklnádtá cflbtá tL;' sĕn];' ;Ƒk'Şfg+ æcfdƃf cfdƃfÆŷ]j
ljƧşg+. Ot/];' kg tL;' ldƧssĕn];' æoá ¿kŋƈ+ kl/hĕgflt, ;á j]bgfŋƈ+ kl/hĕlgŴfltĠ gá. oá jf kg»k]0
gáÆlt Pj+ Ot/sĕnƀo]lk cg'nádgo] ægá gáÆŷ]j ljƧşg+.
klnádgo] kg æoá ¿kŋƈ+ g kl/hĕgflt, ;á j]bgfŋƈ+ g kl/hĕlgŴfltĠ c/xf ¿kŋƈ+ g kl/hĕgflt, gá
r ;á j]bgfŋƈ+ g kl/hĕlgŴ. cƮdƮ;dlśť c/xƃť &k]ŷf cj;];f k'Ʈnf ¿kŋƈť g kl/hĕglƃ, j]bgfŋƈť g
kl/hĕƸg;"Æltcflbgf, æoá ¿kŋƈ+ g kl/hĕgflt, ;á j]bgfŋƈ+ g kl/hĕlgƧtLltĠ o] dƮ+ klnleƧlƃ, t] ¿kŋƈ+ g
kl/hĕglƃ, gá r j]bgfŋƈ+ g kl/hĕlgƧlƃ. c/xf o] r k'y'şgf dƮ+ g klnleƧlƃ, t] ¿kŋƈť g kl/hĕglƃ,
j]bgfŋƈť g kl/hĕlgƧƃLÆltcflbgf r, æoá ¿kŋƈ+ g kl/hĕlgŴ, ;á j]bgfŋƈ+ g kl/hĕlgƧƃLltĠ o] dƮ+
klnleƧlƃ, t] ¿kŋƈ+ g kl/hĕƸg;', gá r j]bgfŋƈ+ g kl/hĕlgƧlƃ. cƮdƮ;dśL o] r k'y'şgf dƮ+ g klnleƧlƃ,
t] ¿kŋƈť g kl/hĕƸg;', j]bgfŋƈť g kl/hĕlgƧƃLÆltcflbgf r k'ŞfljƧşggoá j]lbtƑá.
PŴ r ctLtfgfutkŝ'ƍƉ;řftf toá cźf kjlųjf/] r'ltkl;lƈj;]g g nưlƃ, kjų] lrųŋ)j;]g]j
nưlƃ. nás'ų/dƮŋ)Ƹƨ lx lgƑfgf/ƙ±)ëg lrų]g kť;' vƈ];' kl/ţflsŝlgƎþlųof o+ slť Ps+þ vƈ+ kl/hĕgƃá Ot/lƕ
ækl/hĕgftLÆlt cg'nádkŤ];' kl/ţflsŝƧ dŴsƍų+ cƮdƮ;dƸś ;ƈfo æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+ j'ų+. æg kl/hĕgftLÆlt
klnádkŤ];' k'y'şgfboá ;ƈfo æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+ j'ųlƃ j]lbtƑ+. ækl/hĕlgŴfÆlt OdƸƨ kg ctLtsĕnjf/]
dƮfgƃ/] cƮmþn] l&tálk kl/ţflsŝƧ lglŪtųf kl/hĕlgŴo]j gfd. ækl/hĕgftLÆlt r cƮdƮ;dśL j'ŝlt,
ækl/hĕlgƧƃLÆlt k'y'şgfboá, tƨf oá g kl/hĕgflt, ;á kl/hĕlgŴflt jf, kl/hĕlgƧtLltcflbgf jf jų'+ c;Ŋ'þ±)ëƜtfo
æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+ st+.
klnádgo] kg æcƮdƮ;dlśť c/xƃť &k]ŷfÆlt Ob+ cƮdƮ;dlśgá æg kl/hĕgftLÆlt jrg+, c/xtá
r æg kl/hĕlgŴfÆlt jų'+ c;Ŋ'þ±)ëƜtfo j'ų+, æo] r k'y'şgf dƮ+ g klnleƧƃLÆlt Oldgf ctLt] ljo cgfut]lk
cgƃsĕn+ cd'ŝgsĕ ;ųf gfd cŴLlt bƧ]lt, t] r c/xtf lglŪtkl/ţflsŝ]g, æg kl/hĕlgƧƃLÆlt jųƑt+ jf cfkƉ]g
145
;dsĕ hĕtf, ;ƑŴ r Ps+þ vƈ+ kl/hĕgƃá ;Ƒ+ kl/hĕgflt, ckl/hĕgƃálk r ;Ƒ+ g kl/hĕgftLlt j]lbtƑlƃ co+
vƈodsdfltsŴ;+jŰgfgoá.
cfotgodsdfltsŴjŰgf
cfotgodsdfltsĕo kg kflńjjŴfgflbs+þ ;Ƒ+ vƈodsdfltsĕo j'ųgo]g]j j]lbtƑ+ cţŶ lj;];f tŶfo+
lj;];á _ æƀfb;fotgfgLÆlt kb+ cfƸb sŷf ofj ægfotgf g dgáÆlt, tfj kjųf co+ cfotgdfltsĕ gfd. tŴ
ƀfb;fotgflg plŹl;ŷf odsj;]g k'Şf;' vƈkb+ &k]ŷf rŋĕbLlg kť cŢlųsĕotgflg k&d+ j'ųflg, kŞf
¿kflbkťaflx/fotgflg, kl/oá;fg] dgfotgwƙfotgfgLlt Pj+ kflńjjŴfg] kŤ]. ljƧşg] kg ærŋ' rŋĕotglƃĠ
lbƑrŋ' kţfrŋ' rŋ'd]j, g rŋĕotg+, rŋĕotg+ rŋ' r]j rŋĕotgť. ;át+ ;átfotglƃĠ lbƑ;át+ tŲf;át+ ;átd]j, g
;átfotg+. #fg+ #fgfotglƃĠ cfdƃf»k]0 sĕoá sĕofotglƃĠ gfdsĕoá lrųsĕoáltcflb sĕoá, g sĕofotg+. ¿k+
¿kfotglƃĠ e"tflb, lko¿kflb r ¿k+j, g ¿kfotg+. ;Źá ;ŹfotglƃĠ cfdƃf. uƈá uƈfotglƃĠ ;Lnuƈfboá
uƈáj, g uƈfotg+. /;á /;fotglƃĠ cŴ/;fboá /;áj, g /;fotg+. wƙá wƙfotglƃĠ kl/olųwƙfboá wƙáj,
g wƙfotg+. wƙfotg+ wƙáltĠ cfdƃfÆlt co+ kŰlųjf/] lj;];á.
kjlųjf/] kg æoƧ rŋĕotg+ pƍşlt, tƧ ;átfotg+ pƍştLltĠ ;rŋ'sĕg+ c;átsĕg+ pkkşƃfg+ t];+
rŋĕotg+ pƍşlt, gá r t];+ ;átfotg+ pƍşlt. ;rŋ'sĕg+ ;;átsĕg+ pkkşƃfg+ t];+ rŋĕotgť pƍşlt, ;átfotgť
pƍşlt»k]0 oƧ ¿kfotg+ pƍşlt, tƧ dgfotg+ pƍştLltĠ clrųsĕg+ ¿kfotg+ pƍşlt, gá r t];+ dgfotg+
pƍşlt. kťjásĕ/] pƍfbŋ±)ë tb'eo+ pƍşlt. oƧ jf kg dgfotg+ pƍşlt, tƧ ¿kfotg+ pƍştLltĠ
c¿kejjlşt] ;ţfej] pkkşƃfg+»k]0 pƍşlt oƧ ¿kfotg+ pƍşlt, tƧ wƙfotg+ pƍştLltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf
kg»k]0 pƍştLltĠ c¿kejjlşt] ;ƑŴ pƍşlt. oƧ dgfotg+ pƍşlt, tƧ wƙfotg+ pƍştLltĠ cfdƃf, oƧ
jf kg»k]0 pƍştLltĠ c;ţejjlşt] ;ƑŴ pƍştLÆlt Pj+ ;Źfotgjlştf ;];fotgdfltsĕodsoáhgf oyfg'¿k+
j]lbtƑf. ;Źfotg+ lx kl;lƈŋ±)ë g nưlt, co+ pƍfbjf/] lj;];á, Oldgf go]g lg/áwjf/fbL;', kl/ţfjf/] r
oáhgflj;];á j]lbtƑá, ;ƑŴ r vƈtá cfotgfg+ ax'tf r odsjf/ax'tf r j]lbtƑf. ;];+ tflb;d]jflt co+
cfotgodsdfltsŴ;+jŰgfgoá.
wft'odsdfltsŴjŰgf
wft'odsdfltsĕo kg kflńjjŴfg+ ;Ƒ+ cfotgodsdfltsĕo j'ųgo]g]j j]lbtƑlƃ co+
wft'odsdfltsŴ;+jŰgfgoá.
;ŝodsdfltsŴjŰgf
;ŝodsdfltsĕo kg vƈods]þ j'ųgo]g jf/e]bf, sĕnflbe]bf r j]lbtƑf, kflńjjŴfg] kg]Ŵ rt'Ɖ+ ;ŝfg+
j;]g kb;áwgjf/á kb;áwgd"nrŊþjf/á ;'ź;ŝjf/á ;'ź;ŝd"nrŊþjf/ált Od];' rt";' jf/];' odsu)gf j]lbtƑf.
k'ŞfljƧşg];' kg æb'ŋ+ b'ŋ;ŝlƃĠ cfdƃf. b'ŋ;ŝ+ b'ŋlƃĠ sĕlosr]tl;s+þ b'ŋ+ &k]ŷf cj;];+ b'ŋ;ŝ+, g b'ŋ+.
sĕlosr]tl;s+þ b'ŋ+ kg b'ŋť]j b'ŋ;ŝť. ;d'boá ;d'bo;ŝlƃĠ tŲ+ &k]ŷf cj;];f ;ŝljeś] lglŹŪf s';nflbwƙf
;d'boá, g ;d'bo;ŝ+. tŲf kg ;d'boá r]j ;d'bo;ŝť. ;d'bo;ŝ+ ;d'boáltĠ cfdƃf. lg/á±wëf lg/áw;ŝlƃĠ
tbślg/áwfboá, vl)slg/á±wëf r lg/á±wëfj, g lg/áw;ŝ+. lgƑfg+ kg lg/á±wëf r]j lg/áw;ŝť. lg/áw;ŝ+
lg/á±wëfltĠ cfdƃf. d±Ʈëf dƮ;ŝlƃĠ ldŞfdƮśfboá d±Ʈëf, g dƮ;ŝ+. cl/od±Ʈëf kg d±Ʈëf r]j dƮ;ŝť. dƮ;ŝ+
d±ƮëfltĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf kŰlųjf/] goá j]lbtƑá.
kjlųjf/] kg æoƧ b'ŋ;ŝ+ pƍşlt, tƧ ;d'bo;ŝ+ pƍştLltĠ ;Ƒ];+ pkkşƃfg+ kjų] tŲfljƍo'ųlrųƧ
pƍfbŋ±)ë t];+ b'ŋ;ŝ+ pƍşlt, gá r t];+ ;d'bo;ŝ+ pƍşlt. tŲfo pƍfbŋ±)ë tb'eo+ pƍşlt. oƧ b'ŋ;ŝ+
pƍşlt, tƧ dƮ;ŝ+ pƍştLlt»k]0 kťjásĕ/] dƮƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë tb'eo+ pƍşlt. oƧ jf kg»k]0 pƍştLltĠ c¿k]
dƮƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë t];+ dƮ;ŝ+ pƍşlt, gá r t];+ b'ŋ;ŝ+ pƍşlt. kťjásĕ/] tb'eo+ pƍşlt. oƧ ;d'bo;ŝ+ pƍşlt,
tƧ dƮ;ŝ+ pƍştLltĠ gá, oƧ jf kg»k]0 gáÆltcflbgf k'Ʈnjf/], æoŴ b'ŋ;ŝ+ pƍşlt, tŴ ;d'bo;ŝ+
pƍştLltĠ c;ţ;ų] tŴ b'ŋ;ŝ+ pƍşlt, gá r tŴ tbţ+, cţŴ tb'eolƕ. oŴ b'ŋ;ŝ+ pƍşlt, tŴ dƮ;ŝ+
pƍştLltĠ ckfo], c;ţ;ų] r b'ŋd]j, gá r tŴ tbţ+, cţŴ tb'eoƕLÆltcflbgf cásĕ;jf/], k'Ʈnásĕ;jf/]kLlt Pj+
cg'nádgo],
æoƧ b'ŋ;ŝ+ g'ƍşlt, tƧ ;d'bo;ŝ+ g'ƍştLltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 g'ƍştLltĠ ;Ƒ];+ pkkşƃfg+
kjų] tŲfljƍo'ųlrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë ;d'bo;ŝ+ g'ƍşlt, gá r t];+ b'ŋ;ŝ+ g'ƍşlt. ;Ƒ];+ rjƃfg+ kjų] lrųƧ eśŋ±)ë
c¿k] dƮƧ r mþnƧ r pƍfbŋ±)ë t];+ ;d'bo;ŝť g'ƍşlt, b'ŋ;ŝť g'ƍştLÆltcflbgf, æoŴ b'ŋ;ŝ+ g'ƍşlt, tŴ
;d'bo;ŝ+ g'ƍştLltĠ glŴ. oŴ jf kg ;d'bo;ŝ+ g'ƍşlt, tŴ b'ŋ;ŝ+ g'ƍştLltĠ pƍştLÆltcflbgf r, æoƧ oŴ
b'ŋ;ŝ+ g'ƍşlt, tƧ tŴ ;d'bo;ŝ+ g'ƍştLltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg oŴ ;d'bo;ŝ+ g'ƍşlt, tƧ tŴ b'ŋ;ŝ+
146
g'ƍştLltĠ ;Ƒ];+ pkkşƃfg+ kjų] tŲfljƍo'ųlrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë t];+ tŴ ;d'bo;ŝ+ Pj g'ƍşlt, g]t/+, ;Ƒ];+ kg
rjƃfg+ kjų] lrųƧ eśŋ±)ë c¿k] dƮƧ r mþnƧ r pƍfbŋ±)ë t];+ tŴ tb'eolƕ g'ƍştLÆltcflbgf r ;ƑŴ
klnádgo] r,
æoƧ b'ŋ;ŝ+ pƍlşŴ, tƧ ;d'bo;ŝ+ pƍlşŴfltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ b'ŋ;ŝ+ pƍlşŴ, tƧ dƮ;ŝ+ pƍlşŴfltĠ
cle;d]tfjLg+ pƍlşŴ, g Ot/];Ælƃcflbgf, æoƧ oŴ b'ŋ;ŝ+ pƍlşŴ, tƧ tŴ ;d'bo;ŝ+ pƍlşŴfltĠ ;'źfjf;fg+
b'lto] lrų] jųdfg] c;ţ;ųfg+ tŴ b'ŋ;ŝ+ pƍlşŴ, g]t/+, Ot/];+ tb'eo+ pƍlşŴfÆltcflbgf, æoƧ b'ŋ;ŝ+
pƍlşƧlt, tƧ ;d'bo;ŝ+ pƍlşƧtLltĠ cƮdƮ;dśLg+ c/xƃfg+ oƧ lrųƧ cgƃ/f cƮdƮ+ klnleƧlƃ, t];+ b'ŋ;ŝ+
pƍlşƧlt, g]t/+, Ot/];+ tb'eo+ pƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf r, æoƧ b'ŋ;ŝ+ pƍşlt, tƧ ;d'bo;ŝ+ pƍlşŴfltĠ cfdƃf,
oƧ jf kg»k]0 pƍştLltĠ ;Ƒ];+ rjƃfg+ kjų] lrųƧ eśŋ±)ë c¿k] dƮmþn'ƍlųŋ±)ë t];+ ;d'bo;ŝ+ pƍlşŴ, gá r
t];+ b'ŋ;ŝ+ pƍşlt. ;Ƒ];+ pkkşƃfg+ kjų] lrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë ;d'bo;ŝť pƍlşŴ b'ŋ;ŝť pƍştLÆltcflbgf r
;];sĕne]b];' r cg'nádklnádfbL;' r j'ųfg';f/]g pƍfbjf/] ;ƑŴ ljƧşggoá oyfg'¿k+ `ftƑá. æoƧ b'ŋ;ŝ+
lg?Ţlt, tƧ ;d'bo;ŝ+ lg?ŢtLlt»k]0 tŲfo eśŋ±)ë t];+ tb'eo+ lg?ŢtLÆltcflbgf lg/áwjf/],
pƍfblg/áwjf/]kLlt Pj+ kjlųjf/] ;ƑŴ oyfg'¿ktá oáhgf j]lbtƑf.
tyf æoá b'ŋ;ŝ+ kl/hĕgflt, ;á ;d'bo;ŝ+ khxtLltĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf kl/ţfjf/]kLlt Pjd]Ŵ kflńgoá
`ftƑá.
cŴljlgŞo] kg]Ŵ Ob+ nŋ)+ _ kjlų jf/] tfj]Ŵ lg/áw;ŝ+ g nưt]j, ;];];' kg tL;' ;ŝ];' ;d'bodƮ;ŝflg
Psƃ]g kjlųo+ Pj nưlƃ. b'ŋ;ŝ+ r'ltkl;ƈL;'lk kjų]kLlt Pjd]Ŵ o+ o+ ;ƑŴ nưlt, tƧ tƧ j;]g cŴljlgŞoá
j]lbtƑá. tlŶb+ god'v+ _ ;Ƒ];+ pkkşƃfglƃ cƃd;á ;'źfjf;fglƕ. t]lk lx b'ŋ;ŝ]g]j pƍşlƃ.
tŲfljƍo'ųlrųƧflt Ob+ b'ŋ;ŝ;d'bo;ŝ];' Pss]ĕŪf;Ƨ pƍlųbƧgŴ+ j'ų+, tƨf kťjásĕ/j;]g]j ux]tƑ+. rt'jásĕ/] kg
tŲfljƍo'ųmþn;dfklųof pƍfbŋ±)ë Pslƕ ;ŝ+ g'ƍşlt. tb'eolƃ b'ŋ;d'bo;ŝƀo+. tƸƨ lx v±)ë tŲ+ &k]ŷf ;];+
b'ŋ;ŝ+ gfd xátLlt t+ ;ƈfo]t+ j'ų+. dƮƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë kg ¿kd]j b'ŋ;ŝ+ gfd, ;];f dƮ;xhĕtf wƙf ;ŝljlgd'ųfj.
t]g]j sĕ/±)ëg æc¿k] dƮƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë t];+ dƮ;ŝ+ pƍşlt, gá r t];+ b'ŋ;ŝ+ pƍştLÆlt j'ų+. ;Ƒ];+ pkkşƃfg+
kjų] tŲfljƍo'ųlrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë. t];+ tŴflt t];+ tƸƨ pkklųŋ±)ë tŲfljƍo'ųlrų'ƍlųŋ±)ë rflt Pjd]Ŵ v)j;]g
cásĕ;á j]lbtƑá. cţ];'lk Pj¿k];' P;]j goá. cgle;d]tfjLglƃ cgle;ldt;ŝfglƃ Oldgf god'±vëg ;ƑŴ
cŴljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá.
kl/ţfjf/] kg `fttL/)kxfgj;]g ltƧálk kl/ţfoá nưlƃ. oƨf kg nás'ų/wƙ];' kl/ţfgfd glŴ, tƨf
Ow ƀ] Pj ;ŝflg ulxtflg. tŴ æb'ŋ;ŝ+ kl/hĕgftLÆlt `fttL/)kl/ţfj;]g j'ų+, æ;d'bo;ŝ+ khxtLÆlt
`ftkxfgkl/ţfj;]g Olt Odf;+ kl/ţfg+ j;]g ;ƑŴ cŴá j]lbtƑá. co+ ;ŝodsdfltsŴ;+jŰgfgoá.
;řf/odsdfltsŴjŰgf
;řf/odsdfltsĕo kg x]Ūf j'ųgo]g]j dxfjf/ƃ/flbe]bf j]lbtƑf. co+ kg]Ŵ lj;];á _ dfltsĕo tfj oyf
x]Ūf vƈfboá wƙ] plŹl;ŷf æ¿k+ ¿kŋƈáÆltcflbgf kb;áwgjf/á cf/źá, tyf cgf/leŷf æcƧf;kƧf;f
sĕo;řf/áÆltcflbgf k&d+ toálk ;řf/f ljelhŷf blƧtf. tŴ sĕoƧ ;řf/á sĕo;řf/á, cƧf;kƧf;f. æsĕlosĕ Pt]
wƙf sĕoklaźfÆlt ‘d0lg01=463 ;+0 lg0 4=348’ jrgtá sĕ/)e"tƧ s/hsĕoƧ mþne"tá P; ;řf/ált sĕo;řf/á.
ck/á goá _ ;ř/LotLlt ;řf/á. s]þg ;ř/LoltĠ sĕo]g. co+ lx jftá ljo eƣfo s/hsĕo]g ;ř/Lolt, Pjlƕ sĕoƧ
;řf/ált sĕo;řf/á, sĕo]g stá cƧf;kƧf;jftált cŴá. r]t;f ljtŊ]þŷf ljrf/]ŷf kŞf jfr+ leƆlt, tƨf
æljtŊþljrf/f jrL;řf/áÆlt ‘d0lg01=463’ jrgtá kg ;ř/átLlt ;řf/á, Ƹs ;ř/áltĠ jƸr. jlrof ;řf/ált
jrL;řf/á, jrLe]b;d'ŪfksƧ ljtŊþljrf/ƀoƧ]t+ gfd+. æ;ţf r j]bgf r r]tl;sĕ Pt] wƙf lrųklaźfÆlt
‘d0lg01=463 ;+0lg0 4=348’ jrgtáo]j kg tltokb] ;ř/LotLlt ;řf/á, s]þg ;ř/LoltĠ lrų]g, Olt lrųƧ
;řf/ált lrų;řf/á, ;Ƒ];lƕ lrų;d'Ūfgfg+ r]tl;sĕg+ wƙfg+ Pt+ clwjrg+. ljtŊþljrf/fg+ kg jrL;řf/efj]g lj;'+
ulxtųf æ&k]ŷf ljtŊþljrf/]Ælt j'ų+.
Obflg æsĕoá sĕo;řf/áÆlt kb;áwgjf/á cf/źá, tƧ cg'nádgo] tLl), klnádgo] tL)Llt % odsĕlg.
kb;áwgd"nrŊþjf/] Ps]þs;řf/d"nsĕlg ƀ] ƀ] sŷf cg'nádgo] %, klnádgo] %flt ƀfb; odsĕlg. ;'ź;řf/jf/] kg
oyf ;'źvƈjf/fbL;' æ¿k+ vƈá, vƈf ¿kÆlƃcflbgf go]g odsĕlgj'ųflg, Pj+ æsĕoá ;řf/á, ;řf/f sĕoáÆlt cjŷf
æsĕo;řf/á jrL;řf/áÆltcflbgf go]g sĕo;řf/d"nsĕlg ƀ], jrL;řf/d"ns+þ Pslƃ cg'nád] tLl), klnád] tL)Llt %
odsĕlg j'ųflg. Ƹs sĕ/)fĠ ;'lźsPs]þskbj;]g cŴe]bfefjtá, sĕo;řf/ált kg ƀLlxlk kb]lx Ps]ĕj cŴá nưtLlt co+
lj;];áj, tƨf Ps]þskbj;]g g j'ų+, æsĕoá sĕo;řf/áÆltcflb kg jųƑ+ l;of, ;álk goá kb;áwgjf/] ljgflk cŴ]g
jrg+ o'ştLlt tŴ]j j'ųá, Ow kg sĕo;řf/fbLg+ jrL;řf/fbLlx cţųf æsĕo;řf/á jrL;řf/áÆltcflbgflk odsĕlg
j'ųflg. ;'ź;řf/d"nrŊþjf/á kg]Ŵ g ulxtált co+ tfj]Ŵ kflńjjŴfg] lj;];á.
kŤljƧşg];' kg æsĕoá sĕo;řf/áltĠ gá, sĕo;řf/á sĕoáltĠ gáÆlt jf Pj+ ;ƑŴ kl;]±wëf. ljƧşgfg+
sĕofbLg+ Pj sĕo;řf/flbgfdųf. g lx sĕofboá ljo sĕo;řf/fbLg+ gfd+ xált, klnád] kg g sĕoá g sĕo;řf/ált
oá sĕoá g xált, ;á sĕo;řf/álk g xátLlt k'Şfo cŴá, tƧf sĕo;řf/á g sĕoá sĕo;řf/ált sĕo;řf/á sĕoá g xált,
sĕo;řf/áo]j kg];á xált, sĕoť sĕo;řf/ť &k]ŷf cj;];+ ;řtf;řtflbe]b+ ;Ƒ+ g r sĕoá, g r sĕo;řf/ált
147
ljƧşg+. ;];];'lk P;]j goá, Ot/];' r cg'nádklnád];' æsĕoá sĕo;řf/áltĠ gá, ;řf/f jrL;řf/áltĠ jrL;řf/á
;řf/á r]j jrL;řf/á r, cj;];f ;řf/f, g jrL;řf/á, g ;řf/f g jrL;řf/áltĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf ;ƑŴ
k'ŞfljƧşggoá j]lbtƑá.
kjlųjf/] kg æoƧ sĕo;řf/á pƍşlt, tƧ jrL;řf/á pƍştLltĠ ljgf ljtŊþljrf/]lx cƧf;kƧf;fg+
pƍfbŋ±)ë t];+ sĕo;řf/á pƍşlt, g]t/á, ;ljtŊþ;ljrf/lrų;dśLg+ kg sĕdfjr/;ųfg+ tb'eolƕ pƍşlt. oƧ jf
kg»k]0 pƍştLltĠ ¿kf¿keljsĕg+ ljtŊþljrf?ƍfbŋ±)ë jrL;řf/áj pƍşlt, g]t/á»k]0 oyfj'ųsĕdfjr/fg+ kg
tb'eo+ pƍşlt. oƧ sĕo;řf/á pƍşlt, tƧ lrų;řf/á pƍştLltĠ cfdƃf»k]0 oƧ jf kg»k]0 pƍştLlt»k]0
cƧf;kƧf;fg+ pƍfbŋ±)ë tb'eo+ pƍşlt. oƧ jrL;řf/á pƍşlt, tƧ lrų;řf/á pƍştLltĠ cfdƃf»k]0 oŴ
sĕo;řf/á pƍşlt, tŴ jrL;řf/á pƍştLlt sĕdfjr/;ųfg+ b'ltoŢĕg] tltoŢĕg] tŴ sĕo;řf/áj pƍşlt, g]t/á,
k&dŢĕgfbL;' kg tb'eo+ pƍşlt. oŴ jf kg »k]0 pƍştLltĠ sĕdfjr/] pƍşlt, g ¿kf¿kej];'. oŴ
sĕo;řf/á pƍşlt, tŴ lrų;řf/á pƍştLltĠ cfdƃf. oŴ jf kg»k]0 pƍştLltĠ sĕdfjr/;ųfg+ rt'ŴŢĕg]
¿kf¿kej] r tŴ lrų;řf/áj pƍşlt, g]t/á, Ot/ŢĕgfbL;' kg tb'eo+ pƍştLÆltcflbgf,
æoƧ sĕo;řf/á g'ƍşlt, tƧ jrL;řf/á g'ƍştLltĠ ljgf cƧf;kƧf;]lx ljtŊþljrf/fg+ pƍfbŋ±)ë t];+
sĕo;řf/áj g'ƍşlt, g]t/á, ;Ƒ];+ lrųƧ eśŋ±)ë ljgf cƧf;kƧf;]lx cljtŊþcljrf/lrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë lg/áw;dfkƉfg+
c;ţ;ųfgť tb'eolƕ g'ƍşlt»k]0 oƧ sĕo;řf/á g'ƍşlt, tƧ lrų;řf/á g'ƍştLlt»k]0 ;Ƒlrųfg+ eśŋ±)ë
lg/áw;dfkƉfg+ c;ţ;ųfgť g'ƍştLÆltcflbgf r, æoŴ sĕo;řf/á g'ƍşlt, tŴ jrL;řf/á g'ƍştLlt»k]0
rt'ŴŢĕgŋ±)ë ¿kejfbL;' g'ƍştLÆltcflbgf r, æoƧ sĕo;řf/á pƍlşŴ, tƧ jrL;řf/á pƍlşŴfltĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf,
æoƧ sĕo;řf/á g'ƍlşŴ, tƧ lrų;řf/á g'ƍlşŴfltĠ gŴLÆltcflbgf, æoƧ oŴ sĕo;řf/á g'ƍlşŴ, tƧ tŴ
jrL;řf/á g'ƍlşŴflt»k]0 rt'ŴŢĕg+ ;dfkƉfg+ ;'źfjf;fg+ b'lto] lrų] jųdfg] c;ţ;ųfg+ t];+ tŴ sĕo;řf/á r g'ƍlşŴ
jrL;řf/á rfÆltcflbgf r,
æoƧ sĕo;řf/á pƍlşƧlt, tƧ jrL;řf/á pƍlşƧtLltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 pƍlşƧtLltĠ oƧ
lrųƧ cgƃ/f sĕdfjr/fg+ klŞdlrų+ pƍlşƧlt, ¿kf¿kej] klŞdeljsĕg+ jrL;řf/áj pƍlşƧlt, g sĕo;řf/á
cţ];+ kg tb'eo+ pƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf r, æoƧ sĕo;řf/á g'ƍlşƧlt, tƧ jrL;řf/á g'ƍlşƧtLlt»k]0
klŞdlrų;dśLg+ oƧ lrųƧ cgƃ/f cljtŊþcljrf/+ klŞdlrų+ pƍlşƧlt, t];+ tb'eo+ g'ƍlşƧtLÆltcflbgf
;Ƒsĕne]b];' oyfg'¿ktá pƍfbjf/] oáhgfgoá j]lbtƑá. æoƧ sĕo;řf/á lg?Ţlt, tƧ jrL;řf/á lg?ŢtLlt»k]0
k&dŢĕg+ ;dfkƉfg+ sĕdfjr/fg+ cƧf;kƧf;fg+ eśŋ±)ë tb'eo+ lg?Ţlt. oƧ sĕo;řf/á lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų;řf/á
lg?ŢtLltĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf lg/áwjf/], æoƧ sĕo;řf/á pƍşlt, tƧ jrL;řf/á lg?ŢtLltĠ gáÆltcflbgf
pƍfblg/áwjf/] r,
æoá sĕo;řf/+ kl/hĕgflt, ;á jrL;řf/+ kl/hĕgftLltĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf kl/ţfjf/] r x]Ūf j'ųfg';f/]g ;ƑŴ
kflńgoá j]lbtƑá.
kjlųjf/] kg]Ŵ kŝ'ƍƉsĕn] k'Ʈnjf/Ƨ cg'nádgo] sĕo;řf/d"nsĕlg ƀ], jrL;řf/d"ns+þ Pslƃ tL±)ëj odsĕlg
nưlƃ. tƧ klnádgo]lk cásĕ;jf/fbL;'lk P;]j goá. Pjd]Ŵ ;Ƒjf/];' ltŰ+ ltŰ+ odsĕg+ j;]g odsu)gf
j]lbtƑf. cŴljlgŞo] kg]Ŵ Ob+ nŋ)+ _ OdƸƨ lx ;řf/ods]þ æcƧf;kƧf;fg+ pƍfbŋ±)ë, ljtŊþljrf/fg+
pƍfbŋ±)ëÆltcflbjrgtá ‘od02=;řf/ods=19’ kŝ'ƍƉflbsĕne]bá kjlųj;]gflk ux]tƑá, g r'ltkl;lƈj;]g]j.
æb'ltoŢĕg] tltoŢĕg] tŴ sĕo;řf/á pƍştLÆltcflbjrgtá ‘od02=;řf/ods=21’ r ´fglƕ cásĕ;j;]g ulxtlƃ
j]lbtƑ+. Pjd]Ŵ o+ o+ nưlt, tƧ tƧ j;]g cŴljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá. tlŶb+ god'v+ _ æljgf ljtŊþljrf/]xLÆlt
b'ltotltoŢĕgj;]g j'ų+, g rt'ŴŢĕgj;]g tŴ cƧf;kƧf;fg+ cefjtá. ælrųƧ eśŋ±)ëÆlt Ob+ sĕo;řf/Ƨ
Psƃlrų;d'Ūfgųf j'ų+, pƍşdfgd]j lx lrų+ ¿k+, c¿k+ jf ;d'Ūfk]lt, g leşdfg+, l&t+ jf. æklŞdlrų;dśLgÆlƃ
;ƑklŞd]g cƍl;lƈslrų]g ;dśLg+ vL)f;jfg+. æcljtŊþcljrf/+ klŞdlrųÆlƃ PŴ ¿kfjr/fg+
b'ltoŢĕlgsĕlbr'ltlrųj;]g, c¿kfjr/fgť rt'ŴŢĕlgsr'ltlrųj;]g cŴá ux]tƑá.
æoƧ sĕo;řf/á lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų;řf/á lg?ŢtLÆlt PŴ lgodtá sĕo;řf/Ƨ lrų;řf/]g ;Ƹź Psŋ±)ë
lg?Ţgtá æcfdƃfÆlt kljrg+ lbƉ+ g Pslrųŋl)sųf. lrų;řf/á lx sĕo;řf/]g ljgflk pƍşlt r lg?Ţlt r.
sĕo;řf/á kg lrų;d'Ūfgųf o]g lrų]g ;Ƹź pƍşlt, ttá kŪfo ;ų/;d]g ;Ƹź lg?Ţlt, P;f lrų;d'Ūfg¿kƧ
wƙtf. o+ kg ljeśƍs/)Ƨ ;LxńŪsyfo ælrų;d'Ūfg¿k+ ;ų/;dlrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë lg?ŢtLÆlt j'ų+, t+ Odfo
kflńof lj?Ţlt. æoƧ sĕo;řf/á pƍşlt, tƧ jrL;řf/á lg?ŢtLÆlt PŴ oƨf sĕo;řf/á lrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë pƍşlt,
g r tƸƨ v±)ë ljtŊþljrf/f lg?Ţlƃ, tƨf ægáÆlt kl;]±wëf stá. Oldgf god'±vëg ;ƑŴ ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá. co+
;řf/odsdfltsŴ;+jŰgfgoá.
cg';oodsdfltsŴjŰgf
cg';oodsdfltsĕo kg kflńjjŴfg+ tfj Pj+ j]lbtƑ+. cg';oods]þlk vƈodsdfltsĕbL;' ljo b];g+ csŷf
cţ]g go]g kflńb];gf stf. sy+Ġ k&d+ tfj kl/Ş]bjf/á kl/lŞƉ'Ź];jf/ált ƀ] jf/f pŹ];j;]g b]l;tf, ttá
pƍlųŪfgjf/ált Ps]ĕ v'Źsjf/á. ttá cg';ojf/á ;fg';ojf/á khxgjf/á kl/ţfjf/á kxLgjf/á pƍşgjf/á
wft'jf/ált cg';o] oáh]ŷf odsj;]g kkťtá lglŹŪf ;ų dxfjf/flt cŪslgŹ];j;]g b]l;tf, Pj+ b;lx jf/]lx
148
cg';oodsb];gf stf. t];' o] Od] lx kl/Ş]bjf/áltcflbgf ƀ] jf/f pŹ];j;]g j'ųf, t] Ow cg';oodsdfltsĕlt
ux]tƑf.
tŴ lx ;ų cg';oflt co+ u)gfo kl/lŞlƆŷf cg';ofg+ b]l;tųf kl/Ş]bjf/á gfd. sĕd/fufg';oá»k]0»
cljşĕg';oált co+ kl/Ş]bj;]g kl/lŞƉfg+ gfddų+ plŹl;ŷf æOd] gfd t]Ælt b]l;tųf kl/lŞƉ'Ź];jf/á gfd. tŴ
cg'ųfgŴtá tfj cg';oflt s]þgŪ]g cg';ofĠ cg';ogŪ]g. s]ĕ P; cg';ogŪá gfdfltĠ cƍxLgŪá. sĕd/fufg';ofboá
lx cƍxLgŪ]g tƧ tƧ ;ƃfg] cg';]lƃ gfd, tƨf æcg';ofÆlt j'ŝlƃ, cg';]ƃLlt r t+ t+ cg'¿k+ sĕ/)+ nleŷf
pƍşƃLlt cŴá. cyflk l;of _ cg';ogŪá gfd cƍxLgfsĕ/á, cƍxLgfsĕ/á r g pƍşlt, tƨf cg';of g pƍşƃLlt.
tlŶb+ kljrg+ _ cƍxLgfsĕ/á cg';oá, cg';oált kg cƍxLgŪ]g yfdutlsn];á j'ŝlt, ;á lrų;ƕo'ųá ;f/ƙ±)ëf
;ƍŝoŪ]g ;x]t's]ĕ Psƃfs';náj xált syfjŴ'Ƹƨ ‘syf0554cfboá’ cg';ofg+ lrųljƍo'ųefjƧ kl;]lwtųf ;á r
ctLtálk xált, cgfutálk kŝ'ƍƉálk, tƨf pƍştLlt jų'+ o'ų+. tyf lx wƙ;śx] dáxƧ kbefhg] 317æcljşĕg';oá
cljşĕkl/o'Ūfg+»k]0 co+ tƸƨ ;do] dáxá xátLÆlt ‘w0;0390’. Odlƨť ods]þ pƍşgjf/] æoƧ sĕd/fufg';oá
pƍşlt, tƧ kl#fg';oá pƍştLÆltcflb j'ų+, tƨf æcg';]ƃLlt t+ t+ cg'¿k+ sĕ/)+ nleŷf pƍşƃLÆlt o+ j'ų+, t+
;'j'ųlƃ j]lbtƑ+. sĕd/fufg';oált sĕd/f±uëf r ;á cƍxLgŪ]g cg';oá rflt sĕd/fufg';oá. ;];kb];'lk P;]j goá.
co+ tfj]Ŵ cg'ųfgŴá. cŴljlgŞoá kg]Ŵflk lgŹ];god'vbƧgj;]g]j xált, lgŹ];á r]Ŵ x]Ūf j'ųá.
pƍlųŪfgjf/fboá cŪ jf/f r, tŶfo+ kflńjjŴfgfg'k'lƑsĕd'vdųƍsĕ;gf. t];+ lx k&dá cg';ofg+
pƍlųŪfgjf/á gfd. tŴ jf/e]bá odsoáhgjf/] glŴ, Ot/];' kg ;ų;' dxfjf/];' clŴ. t];' lx k&dá cg';ojf/á
cg'nádklnádgoj;]g b'lj±wëf xált. tŴ cg'nádgo] æoƧ oŴ»k]0 cg';]tLÆlt k'Ʈnásĕ;tb'eogfdj;]g toá
cƃ/jf/f xálƃ, t];' Ps]þsƸƨ Psd"nslƀd"nsltd"nsrt'd"nskťd"ns%d"nsĕg+ j;]g odse]bf xálƃ. oyf r
cg'nádgo], Pj+ klnádgo]lk j]lbtƑf. oyf r]Ŵ cg';ojf/], Pj+
;fg';ojf/khxgjf/kl/ţfjf/kxLgjf/pƍşgjf/];' kť;'lk. co+ kg]Ŵ k'l/d];' tL;' jf/];' lj;];á. cásĕ;jf/] æoŴ
tŴfÆlt cjŷf æotá ttáÆlt lgƧŊþjrg]g b];gf stf. ;];+ tflb;d]j oá kgfo+ ;ƑklŞdá wft'jf/á gfd, ;á
k'Şfjf/á ljƧşgjf/ált lƀwf l&tá. tŴ k'Şfjf/á cg'nádklnádj;]g b'lj±wëf. tƧfj;fg] k'Şfg'Ŋþd]g ljƧşg+
stlƃ. Pj+ tfj]Ŵ kflńjjŴfg+ j]lbtƑ+.
tlŶb+ cŪƉ+ jf/fg+ cflbtá kŪfo d'vdųbƧg+. æsŴ sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]ltĠ sĕdwft'of ƀL;' j]bgf;' PŴ
sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]lt. sŴ kl#fg';oá cg';]ltĠ b'ŋĕo j]bgfo»k]0 dfgfg';oá sĕdwft'of ƀL;' j]bgf;' ¿kwft'of
c¿kwft'of r cg';]lt. lbŪfg';oá, ljlrlsŞfg';oá r ;Ƒ;Ŋĕokl/ofkƉ];' wƙ];', ej/fufg';oá ¿kf¿kwft";',
cljşĕg';oá ;Ƒ;Ŋĕokl/ofkƉ];' wƙ];' cg';]tLÆlt co+ tfj k&djf/] kflńgoá.
tŴ sĕdwft'of ƀL;' j]bgf;"lt sĕdfjr/e"ldo+ ;'vfo r]j pk]ŋĕo rflt ƀL;' j]bgf;', sĕd/fufg';oá kg
;xhĕtj;]g, cf/ƙ)j;]g rflt ƀLxfsĕ/]lx cg';l] t pƍşlt, tŴ cs';nflx ;'vpk]ŋĕlx ;xhĕtálk x'ŷf tf cf/ƙ)+
sŷflk pƍşlt. cj;];f kg sĕdfjr/s';nljkfslsl/oj]bgf cf/ƙ)d]j sŷf pƍşlt, Odf;' j]bgf;' cg';odfgá r];
tflx j]bgflx ;ƕo'ų];' ;ţf;řf/ljţf±)ë;'lk cg';]lto]j. Odf;+ kg j]bgfg+ cƧfbŪ]g sĕd/fufg';o'ƍlųof ;];;ƕo'ų]lx
kwfgųf, cáńfl/sų]g j]g]Ɯfg+ ;'aáwųf r ƀL;' j]bgf;'o]j cg';]tLlt j'ų+, Pj+ pkl/lk. g s]þjnť]; cg';odfgá
Odf;' ƀL;' j]bgf;'o]j, j]bgf;ƕo'ų];' wƙ];' r cg';]lt, OŪ];' kg ¿kfbL;'lk cg';]lt Pj. j'ųlƕ r]t+ ljeśƍs/±)ë
æo+ nás]þ lko¿k+ ;ft¿k+, PŴ ;ųfg+ sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]tLÆlt ‘lje0816’, PŴfg';oods]þlk j'ų+ æb'ŋĕo j]bgfo
¿kwft'of PŴ sĕd/fufg';oá gfg';]tLÆltcflb. Pt]g j'ųfj;];¿kfbL;' %;'lk cf/ƙ±)ë;' cg';]tLlt j'ų+ xált. Ow
kg t+ ;Ƒ+ cjŷf lslťb]j kwfgųflbgf sĕ/±)ëg j'ųlƃ ux]tƑ+.
b'ŋĕoflt PŴ kl#lrų;ƕo'ųf ƀ] bádgƧj]bgf, sĕoljţf);ƕo'ųf b'ŋj]bgf rflt ltƧá j]bgf, t+ ;ƕo'ųf r
wƙf, clgŪf % ¿kfboá wƙf kl#fg';o;xhĕtj;]g, cf/ƙ)j;]g r oyf/x+ cg';ogŪfg+. Ƹs kg Ot/f ƀ] j]bgf
OŪf/ƙ)+ jf kl#Ƨ cf/ƙ)+ g xáƃLltĠ gá g xálƃ. kl/xLgŢĕgƧ lx gŪ+ OŪ+ ;;ƕo'ųwƙ+ ´fgdf/ư bádgƧ+
pƍşlt, t+ kg cf/ƙ)dųd]j, gfg';ogŪfg+ OŪųf. clgŪd]j lx OŪtá klxgglgldų+, o+ kg tŴ'ƍƉ+, tƧ
kl#dųd]j xált, g kl#fg';oált. kl#fg';oá lx clgŪf/ƙ±)ë klxggj;]g pƍƉá yfdutá lsn];á, Ot/á
bádgƧ]g ;Ƹź pƍƉálk cųgá klxgglsŝƧ cs/)tá kl#fg';oá g xált, cƑáxfl/sų+ uŞlt. oyf lx
kf)fltkftr]tgfo ;Ƹź pƍƉálk Ɠfkfbá dgásƙ+ gfd g xált, cƑáxfl/sų+ uŞlt, Pjlƃ ux]tƑ+. t]g]j g]ŋƙlƧt+
bádgƧ+ ;]ljtƑ+ j'ų+. dfgfg';oƧ kg b'ŋbádgƧjlştf ;Ƒ] nálsof wƙf cg';ogŪfg+. æb'ŋĕo j]bgfo ckl/ofkƉ]
PŴ»k]0 dfgfg';oá r gfg';]tLÆlt lx j'ų+. lbŪfg';oljlrlsŞfg';ofg+ kg nás'ų/jlştf ;Ƒ]lk wƙf
cg';ogŪfg+. t]g j'ų+ æ;Ƒ;Ŋĕokl/ofkƉ];' wƙ];"Ælt. tŴ ;+;f/jũlglƧtŪ]g ;Ŋĕokl/ofkƉ];' ;Ƒwƙ];l" t cŴá.
Pj+ cljşĕg';oálk j]lbtƑá. ;ƑŴ r ;xhĕtf/ƙ)e]bá x]Ūf j'ųgo]g]j j]lbtƑá.
ej/fufg';oá kg lsťflk lblŪljƍo'ų];' rt";' lrų];' pƍşgtá ;xhĕtj;]g sĕdwft'of ƀL;' j]bgf;'
cg';]tLlt jųƑá ej]Ɯ, ;á kg oƨf ¿kf¿kfjr/d]jf/ƙ)+ nelt, g sĕdfjr/f/ƙ)d]j, cg';ofg+ kg t+ g
cg';ogŪfg+, tƨf cf/ƙ)j;]g lgod+ csŷf æ¿kwft'of c¿kwft'of PŴ ej/fufg';oá cg';]tLÆlt j'ų+. t+ /fuj;]g
;á r ;Ƒálk /f±uëf sĕd/fufg';oá ux]tƑált co+ pƍlųŪfgjf/] goá.
Ot/];' kg ;ų;' dxfjf/];' tfj æoƧ sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]lt, tƧ kl#fg';oá cg';]tLltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ
jf kg kl#fg';oá cg';]lt, tƧ sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]tLltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]lt, tƧ dfgfg';oá
cg';]tLltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg dfgfg';oá cg';]lt, tƧ sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]tLltĠ cgfufldƧ dfgfg';oá cg';]lt, gá
149
r tƧ sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]lt, ltŰ+ k'Ʈnfg+ dfgfg';oá r cg';]lt, sĕd/fufg';oá r cg';]lt. oƧ sĕd/fufg';oá
cg';]lt, tƧ lbŪfg';oá cg';]tLltĠ lƀƉ+ k'Ʈnfg+ sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]lt, gá r»k]0 lbŪfg';oá r cg';]lt, oƧ jf
kg»k]0 cfdƃf. oƧ sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]lt, tƧ ljlrlsŞfg';oá cg';]tLÆlt k'Şfolk lbŪfg';o;lb;d]j ljƧşg+.
oƧ sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]lt, tƧ ej/fufg';oá cg';]tLltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 cg';]tLlt»k]0 ltŰ+ k'Ʈnfg+
ej/fufg';oá r cg';]lt, sĕd/fufg';oá r cg';]lt. cljşĕg';o]lk P;]j goá. Oldgf go]g kl#fg';oflbd"lnsĕ;'
k'Şf;' ljƧşggoá j]lbtƑá. co+ Psd"ns]þ goá.
oƧ sĕd/fufg';oá r kl#fg';oá r cg';]lt, tƧ dfgfg';oá cg';]tLltĠ cfdƃf. lƀƉ+ lƀd"lnsĕ»k]0
kťd"lnsĕg+ kg Psd"n] j'ųfg';f/]g ljƧşggoá `ftƑá. tŶfo+ klŞdfg';o] oáhgf _ æoƧ sĕd/fufg';oá r
kl#fg';oá r dfgfg';oá r lbŪfg';oá r ljlrlsŞfg';oá r ej/fufg';oá r cg';]lt, tƧ cljşĕg';oá cg';]tLltĠ
cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg cljşĕg';oá cg';]lt, tƧ sĕd/fufg';oá r»k]0 ej/fufg';oá r cg';]tLltĠ cgfufldƧ
cljşĕg';oá r dfgfg';oá r ej/fufg';oá r cg';]lt, g Ot/], lƀƉ+ k'Ʈnfg+ cljşĕg';oá r
sĕd/fukl#dfgej/fufg';of r cg';]lƃ, g lblŪljlrlsŞfg';of, k'y'şgƧ kg ;Ƒ]lk cg';]ƃLÆlt co+ k'Ʈnjf/] goá.
cásĕ;jf/] kg æoŴ sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]lt, tŴ kl#fg';oá cg';]tLltĠ gá. oŴ jf kg»k]0
cg';]tLltĠ gá. oŴ sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]lt, tŴ dfgfg';oá cg';]tLltĠ cfdƃf. oŴ jf kg dfgfg';oá cg';]lt, tŴ
sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]tLltĠ ¿kwft'of c¿kwft'of PŴ dfgfg';oá cg';]lt g sĕd/fufg';oá, sĕdwft'of ƀL;' j]bgf;'
tb'eo+ cg';]lt. oŴ sĕd/fufg';oá»k]0 cg';]tLltĠ cfdƃf. oŴ jf kg»k]0 cg';]tLltĠ b'ŋĕo j]bgfo ¿kwft'of
c¿kwft'of PŴ ljlrlsŞfg';oá cg';]lt, g sĕd/fufg';oá, sĕdwft'of ƀL;' j]bgf;' tb'eo+ cg';]lt. oŴ
sĕd/fufg';oá»k]0 cg';]lt, tŴ ej/fufg';oá cg';]tLltĠ gá. oŴ jf kg»k]0 gá. oŴ sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]lt,
tŴ cljşĕg';oá cg';]tLltĠ cfdƃf. oŴ jf kg»k]0 cg';]tLltĠ b'ŋĕo j]bgfo ¿kf¿kwft'of PŴ cljşĕg';oá
cg';]lt, g sĕd/fufg';oá, sĕdwft'of ƀL;' j]bgf;' tb'eo+ cg';]lt.
oŴ kl#fg';oá cg';]lt, tŴ dfgfg';oá cg';]tLltĠ gá. oŴ jf kg»k]0 gá. oŴ kl#fg';oá
cg';]lt, tŴ lbŪfg';oá ljlrlsŞfg';oá cg';]tLltĠ cfdƃf. oŴ jf kg»k]0 cg';]tLltĠ sĕdwft'of ƀL;' j]bgf;'
¿kf¿kwft'of PŴ ljlrlsŞfg';oá cg';]lt, g kl#fg';oá, b'ŋĕo kg j]bgfo tb'eo+ cg';]lt. oŴ kl#fg';oá
cg';]lt, tŴ ej/fufg';oá cg';]tLltĠ gá. oŴ jf kg»k]0 gá. oŴ kl#fg';oá cg';]lt, tŴ cljşĕg';oá
cg';]tLltĠ cfdƃf. oŴ jf kg»k]0 cg';]tLlt»k]0 b'ŋĕo j]bgfo tb'eo+ cg';]lt, cţŴ cljşĕg';oá r.
oŴ dfgfg';oá cg';]lt, tŴ lbŪfg';oá ljlrlsŞfg';oá cg';]tLltĠ cfdƃf. oŴ jf kg»k]0 cg';]tLltĠ
b'ŋĕo j]bgfo lbŪfg';oáj, g]t/á tbţ];' ;ƑŴ cg';]lt. oŴ dfgfg';oá cg';]lt, tŴ ej/fufg';oá cg';]tLltĠ
sĕdwft'of ƀL;' j]bgf;' dfgfg';oá, g]t/á, ¿kf¿kwft'of kg tb'eo+ cg';]lt. oŴ jf kg»k]0 cfdƃf. oŴ
dfgfg';oá cg';]lt, tŴ cljşĕg;' oá»k]0 cfdƃf. oŴ jf kg»k]0 cg';]tLltĠ b'ŋj]bg+ &k]ŷf tbţf;' ;ƑŴ
tb'eo+ cg';]lt. oŴ lbŪfg';oá, tŴ ljlrlsŞfg';oá»k]0 cfdƃf. oŴ lbŪfg';oá, tŴ ej/fufg';oá cg';]tLltĠ
sĕdwft'of tL;' j]bgf;' lbŪfg';oáj, ¿kf¿kej];' tb'eo+ cg';]lt. oŴ jf kg»k]0 cfdƃf. oŴ lbŪfg';oá
cg';]lt, tŴ cljşĕg';oá»k]0 cfdƃf. oŴ jf kg»k]0 cfdƃf. P; goá ljlrlsŞfd"ns]þ;'lk. oŴ ej/fufg';oá,
tŴ cljşĕg';oá cg';]tLltĠ cfdƃf. oŴ jf kg»k]0 cg';]lt, tŴ sĕdwft'of tL;' j]bgf;' cljşĕg';oáj,
¿kf¿kej];' kg tb'eo+ cg';]tLÆlt cod]Ŵ Psd"ngoá.
æoƧ»k]0 gfg';]lt. oƧ»k]0 gfg';]lt dfgfg';oá, c/xtá kg tb'eolƕ gfg';]lt. oƧ jf kg»k]0
cfdƃf. oƧ sĕd/fufg';oá gfg';]lt, tƧ lbŪfg';oá ljlrlsŞfg';oá gfg';]tLltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg»k]0
gfg';]tLltĠ lƀƉ+ k'Ʈnfg+ ljlrlsŞfg';oáj gfg';]lt, g]t/á, cgfufldc/xƃfg+ tb'eolƕ gfg';]tLÆltcflbgf go]g
k'Ʈnjf/],
æoŴ sĕd/fufg';oá gfg';]lt, tŴ kl#fg';oá gfg';]tLltĠ b'ŋĕo j]bgfo sĕd/fufg';oáj gfg';]lt, g]t/á,
¿kf¿kwft'kl/ofkƉ];' tb'eo+ gfg';]lt. oŴ jf kg»k]0 gfg';]tLlt sĕdwft'of ƀL;' j]bgf;' kl#fg';oáj,
¿kf¿kkl/ofkƉ];' kg tb'eo+ gfg';]lt. oŴ sĕd/fufg';oá gfg';]lt, tŴ dfgfg';oá gfg';]tLltĠ ¿kf¿kwft";'
sĕd/fufg';oáj, b'ŋĕo kg j]bgfo, ckl/ofkƉ];' r tb'eo+ gfg';]lt. oŴ jf kg»k]0 cfdƃf. oŴ sĕd/fufg';oá
gfg';]lt, tŴ lbŪfg';oá, ljlrlsŞfg';oá gfg';]tLltĠ b'ŋĕo j]bgfo ¿kf¿kwft";' sĕd/fufg';oáj, ckl/ofkƉ] kg
tb'eo+ gfg';]tLÆltcflbgf go]g cásĕ;jf/] r,
æoƧ oŴ sĕd/fufg';oá gfg';]lt, tƧ tŴ kl#fg';oá gfg';]tLltĠ ltŰ+ k'Ʈnfg+ b'ŋĕo j]bgfo
sĕd/fufg';oáj, ¿kf¿kkl/ofkƉ];' tb'eo+ gfg';]lt, lƀƉ+ k'Ʈnfg+ ;ƑŴ tb'eo+ gfg';l] t. oƧ jf kg oŴ»k]0
gfg';]tLltĠ ltŰ+ k'Ʈnfg+ sĕdwft'of ƀL;' j]bgf;' kl#fg';oáj, ¿kf¿kkl/ofkƉ];' tb'eo+ gfg';]lt, lƀƉ+ k'Ʈnfg+ ;ƑŴ
tb'eo+ gfg';]lt. oƧ oŴ sĕd/fufg';oá gfg';]lt, tƧ tŴ dfgfg';oá gfg';]tLltĠ ltŰ+ k'Ʈnfg+ ¿kf¿kwft'of
sĕd/fufg';oáj, g]t/á, b'ŋĕo j]bgfo, ckl/ofkƉ] r tb'eo+ gfg';]lt, cgfufldƧ sĕdwft'of ƀL;' j]bgf;'
¿kf¿kwft'of sĕd/fufg';oáj, c/xtá kg ;ƑŴ tb'eo+ gfg';t] LÆltcflbgf k'Ʈnásĕ;jf/] r j'ųfg';f/]g goá `ftƑált
co+ kflńgoá.
tŴ æoƧ sĕd/fufg';oá cg';]lt, tƧ kl#fg';oá cg';]tLÆlt PŴ ob]t+ æcfdƃfÆlt kljrg+ lbƉ+, t+
b'lŹƉ+ ljo vfolt. sƨfĠ sĕd/fukl#fg+ Psŋ±)ë cg'ƍlųtá. oyf lx æoƧ dgfotg+ pƍşlt, tƧ wƙfotg+
pƍştLÆltcfbL;' dgfotgwƙfotgfbLlg Psŋ±)ë pƍşlƃ, g tyf sĕd/fukl#f, lj;'ţ]j pƍşgtá, tƨf PŴ ægáÆlt
150
kl;]±wëf sųƑá l;of, t+ kg csŷf æcfdƃfÆlt kljrgƧ lbƉųf x]Ūf ods]þ;' ljo PŴ v)kŝ'ƍƉj;]g jųdfgjáxf/+
cƮx]ŷf cţyf ux]tƑá. sy+ ux]tƑáĠ cƍxLgj;]g. cƍxLgt+ lx ;ƈfo co+ cg';]tLlt jųdfgjáxf/á j'ųá, g
v)kŝ'ƍƉt+, tƨf OldƧf k'Şfo oƧ sĕd/fufg';oá cƍxLgá, g cg'ƍlųwƙt+ cfkflbtá, tƧ kl#fg';oá cƍxLgá, g
cg'ƍlųwƙt+ cfkflbtá, tƧ kl#fg';oá cƍxLgált PjdŴá ux]tƑá. oƨf r t];' sĕd/fukl#];' oƧ]s]ĕ cƍxLgá, tƧ
Ot/álk cƍxLgáj xált, tƨf æcfdƃfÆlt j'ų+. Otá k/];'lk Pj¿k];' pƍşltjf/flbljƧşg];' P;]j goá. ltŰ+
k'Ʈnfglƃ k'y'şg;átfkƉ;sbfufdLg+. lƀƉlƃ ;átfkƉ;sbfufdLg+. Pj+ pƍşg+ bLlkt+. cásĕ;jf/Ƨ k&db'ltok'Şf;'
oƨf sĕd/fukl#f Pslrų] g pƍşlƃ, tƨf ægáÆlt kl;]±wëf stá. b'sd"nfbL;' r oƨf sĕd/fukl#fboá PsƸƨ
&fg;řft] lrų], cf/ƙ±)ë jf g pƍşlƃ, tƨf ægŴLÆlt tŴ klŋ]ká stá, co+ k'Şf ck'Ƒf Pjflt clwƍfoá.
k'Ʈnásĕ;jf/] rt'Ɖlƃ k'y'şg;átfkƉ;sbfufldcgfufdLg+. klnád] lƀƉlƃ cgfufldc/xƃ] ;ƈfo j'ųlƃ co+ cg';ojf/]
goá.
;fg';ojf/] kg æoá sĕd/fufg';o]g ;fg';oá, ;á kl#fg';o]g ;fg';oáltĠ cfdƃf»k]0 dfgfg';o]g
;fg';oáltĠ cfdƃf. oá jf kg dfgfg';o]g ;fg';oá, ;á sĕd/fufg';o]g ;fg';oáltĠ cgfufdL dfgfg';o]g]j, g
sĕd/fufg';o]g, toá kg k'Ʈnf tb'eo]gflk cg';o]gfÆlt Oldgf go]g ;];];' b'sd"nfbL;' k'ŞfljƧşggoá `ftƑá, co+
k'Ʈnjf/] goá.
æotá sĕd/fufg';o]g ;fg';oá, ttá kl#fg';o]g ;fg';oáltĠ gá»k]0 dfgfg';o]g ;fg';oáltĠ cfdƃf.
otá jf kg dfgfg';o]g ;fg';oá, ttá sĕd/fufg';o]g ;fg';oáltĠ ¿kf¿kwft'of dfgfg';o]g]j, g]t/]g, sĕdwft'of
ƀL;' j]bgf;' tb'eo]gfkLÆltcflbgf cásĕ;jf/] r,
æoá otá sĕd/fufg';o]g ;fg';oá, ;á ttá kl#fg';o]g ;fg';oáltĠ gáÆltcflbgf k'Ʈnásĕ;jf/] rflt Pj+
cg'nádgo] r, æoá sĕd/fufg';o]g lg/g';oá, ;á kl#fg';o]g lg/g';oáltĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf klnádgo]lk ;ƑŴ
cg';ojf/] j'ųfg';f/tá k'ŞfljƧşggoá `ftƑá.
tŴ otá sĕd/fufg';o]g ;fg';oált otá sĕ/)tá pƍƉ]g sĕd/fufg';o]g ;fg';oá, Ƹs ;á ttá sĕ/)tá
pƍƉkl#fg';o]glk ;fg';oált j'ŝlt. oƨf kg]t] ƀ] Psƨf &fgf g pƍşlƃ, tƨf ægáÆlt kl;]±wëf stá ;];+
tflb;d]jflt co+ ;fg';ojf/] goá.
khxgjf/] kg æoá sĕd/fufg';o+ khxlt, ;á kl#fg';o+ khxtLltĠ cfdƃf»k]0 dfgfg';o+ khxtLltĠ
tb]sŪ+ khxlt. oá jf kg dfgfg';o+ khxlt, ;á sĕd/fufg';o+ khxtLltĠ gá»k]0 ;á lbŪfg';o+ ljlrlsŞfg';o+
khxtLltĠ gá. oá jf kg ljlrlsŞfg';o+ khxlt, ;á sĕd/fufg';o+ khxtLlt tb]sŪ+ khxlt. oá»k]0
ej/fufg';o+ cljşĕg';o+ khxtLltĠ tb]sŪ+ khxlt»k]0 oá sĕd/fufg';oť kl#fg';oť dfgfg';oť»k]0 khxtLltĠ
gŴLÆltcflbgf k'Ʈnjf/],
æotá sĕd/fufg';o+ khxlt, ttá kl#fg';o+ khxtLltĠ gá»k]0 otá sĕd/fufg';o+ khxlt, ttá
dfgfg';o+ khxtLltĠ cfdƃf. otá jf kg dfgfg';o+ khxlt, ttá sĕd/fufg';o+ khxtLltĠ ¿kf¿kwft'of ttá
dfgfg';od]j, sĕdwft'of kg ƀL;' j]bgf;' ttá dfgfg';o+ khxtLÆltcflbgf cásĕ;jf/] r,
æoá otá sĕd/fufg';o+ khxlt, ;á ttá kl#fg';o+ khxtLltĠ gá»k]0 dfgfg';o+ khxtLltĠ tb]sŪ+
khxlt»k]0 ljlrlsŞfg';o+ khxtLltĠ gá. oá jf kg otá ljlrlsŞfg';o+ khxlt, ;á ttá sĕd/fufg';o+ khxtLltĠ
cŪds]ĕ b'ŋĕo j]bgfo ¿kf¿kwft'of ;á ttá ljlrlsŞfg';o+ khxlt, gá r ;á ttá sĕd/fufg';o+ khxlt, Ʃ]j k'Ʈná
sĕdwft'of ƀL;' j]bgf;' ;á ttá ljlrlsŞfg';o+ khxlt, sĕd/fufg';o+ tb]sŪ+ khxtLÆltcflbgf k'Ʈnásĕ;jf/] rflt Pj+
cg'nádgo] r, æoá sĕd/fufg';o+ g khxlt, ;á kl#fg';o+ g khxtLltĠ cfdƃf»k]0 ljlrlsŞfg';o+ g khxtLlt
cŪds]ĕ sĕd/fufg';o+ g khxlt, g]t/+, cgfuflddƮ;dƸś, cŪdsť &k]ŷf cj;];f k'Ʈnf tb'eo+ g khxƃLÆltcflbgf
klnádgo] r ;ƑŴ k'ŞfljƧşggoá `ftƑá.
tŴ khxtLlt t]g t]g d±Ʈëg kxfgkl/ţfj;]g khxlt. tb]sŪlƃ kxfg]sŪt+ ;ƈfo j'ų+. k&ddƮflbgf
lx g s]þjn+ lbŪflbsĕ Pj wƙf kxLolƃ, cy ±vëf ckfoudlgof t]g sĕd/fukl#dfgfboálk kxLolƃ Pj. k&ddƮjŢĕ
lx sĕd/fuf, ckfoudlgof r dfgfljşĕboálk, tltodƮjŢĕlt kxfg]sŪf x'ŷf kxLolƃ Pjflt ægáÆlt c/xųdƮŪ+
;ƈfo j'ų+. ;á lx sĕd/fufg';o+o]j kxLgųf g khxtLlt. otá sĕd/fufg';o+ khxtLlt otá pƍşgs+þ sĕd/fufg';o+
khxtLlt cŴá, cŪds]ĕlt ;átfklųdƮŪá. ;á lx blŋ±)ëƜŊþd]g c/xųmþnŪtá kŪfo ul)odfgá cŪds]ĕ gfd.
klnádgo] cgfuflddƮ;dlśť cŪdsť &k]ŷf cj;];flt k'y'şg;];;]vf;]vf. t];' lx k'y'şgf kxfgkl/ţfo cefj]g
g khxlƃ, ;];f t];+ kxLgųflt Oldgf go]g ;ƑŴ ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑált co+ khxgjf/] goá.
kl/ţfjf/á kg æoá sĕd/fufg';o+ kl/hĕgflt, ;á kl#fg';o+ kl/hĕgftLÆltcflbgf khxgjf/;lb;áj.
colƕ lx khxgjf/á ljo dƮŪfgţ]j j;]g ljƧlştá. tŴ kl/hĕgftLlt tLlx kl/ţflx kl/hĕgftLlt cŴá. co+
kl/ţfjf/] goá.
kxLgjf/] kg æoƧ sĕd/fufg';oá kxLgá, tƧ kl#fg';oá kxLgáltĠ cfdƃf»k]0 dfgfg';oá kxLgáltĠ
cgfufldƧ sĕd/fufg';oáj, c/xtá kg dfgfg';oálk kxLgáÆltcflbgf k'Ʈnjf/], æoŴ sĕd/fufg';oá kxLgá, tŴ
kl#fg';oá kxLgáltĠ g jųƑá kxLgált jf cƍxLgált jf. oŴ jf kg»k]0 g jųƑá»k]0 tŴ dfgfg';oá
kxLgáltĠ cfdƃf. oŴ jf kg»k]0 kxLgáltĠ ¿kf¿kwft'of PŴ dfgfg';oá kxLgá, sĕd/fufg';oá g jųƑá,
sĕdwft'of ƀL;' j]bgf;' PŴ tb'eo+ kxLgÆlƃcflbgf cásĕ;jf/], k'Ʈnásĕ;jf/]lt Pj+ cg'nádgo], æoƧ sĕd/fufg';oá
cƍxLgá, tƧ kl#fg';oá cƍxLgáltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 cfdƃf»k]0 oƧ jf kg dfgfg';oá cƍxLgá, tƧ
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sĕd/fufg';oá cƍxLgáltĠ cgfufldƧ dfgfg';oáj, ltŰ+ k'Ʈnfg+ tb'eo+ cƍxLgÆlƃcflbgf klnádgo] r j'ųgo]g]j
k'ŞfljƧşggoá `ftƑá.
PŴ r mþnŪj;]g]j cŴá ux]tƑá dƮŪfg+ kxLglsn];ųfefjf. t];+ lx cg';of kxLolƃ Pj, g kg
kxLgflt cgfufldcfboá mþnŪfj ux]tƑf, cásĕ;jf/] kg æg jųƑáÆlt Ob+ pleƉ+ pƍlųŪfgƧ c;fwf/)ųf j'ų+. cţ+
lx sĕd/fufg';oƧ pƍlųŪfg+, cţ+ kl#fg';oƧ. cefljtdƮƧ r oŴ cg';oá pƍşlt, d±Ʈë efljt] tŴ]j ;á kxLgá
gfd xált, tƨf ;á tŴ kxLgált jf, cƍxLgált jf g jųƑá, ;ƑŴflk kg ;o+ cefj]g tŴ cƍxLgált g jųƑá.
pleƉ+ kg ;fwf/)Ūfg+ ;ƈfo æcfdƃfÆlt j'ų+. dfgfg';oá lx sĕdwft'of j]bgfƀo;řft] ;fwf/)Ūfg] sĕd/f±uëg ;Ƹź
kxLgá gfd xált oƧ sĕd/fufg';oá cƍxLgált k'y'şgƧ, ;átfklų;sbfufldmþnŪfgť j;]g cŴá ux]tƑá. æltŰ+
k'ƮnfgÆlƃ lx j'ų+. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]jflt co+ kxLgjf/] goá.
pƍşgjf/] kg æoƧ sĕd/fufg';oá pƍşlt, tƧ kl#fg';oá pƍştLÆltcflbgf ;ƑŴ
cg';ojf/;lb;ájflt co+ pƍşgjf/] goá.
wft'jf/] kg æsĕdwft'of r'tƧ sĕdwft'+ pkkşƃƧ slt cg';of cg';]lƃ, slt cg';of gfg';]lƃ, slt
cg';of eśfĠ sĕdwft'of r'tƧ ¿kwft'+ pkkşƃƧ»k]0 slt eśfĠ sĕdwft'of r'tƧ c¿kwft'+ pkkşƃƧ»k]0 ¿kwft'+
pkkşƃƧ g c¿kwft'+ pkkşƃƧ»k]0 slt eś+Ġ sĕdwft'of r'tƧ g sĕdwft'+, g c¿kwft'+ pkkşƃƧ»k]0 g
¿kwft'+ g c¿kwft'+ pkkşƃƧ. g sĕdwft'+ g ¿kwft'+ pkkşƃƧ slt eśfÆlt Pj+ sĕdwft'd"nsĕ gj k'Şf, tyf
æ¿kwft'of r'tƧfÆltcflbgf ¿kwft'd"nsĕ gj, c¿kwft'of gj rflt ;ųjL;lt cg'nádk'Şf, tyf æg sĕdwft'of
r'tƧfÆltcflbgf ;ųjL;lt klnádk'Şf r, tyf æg sĕdwft'of g c¿kwft'of r'tƧ sĕdwft'+ pkkşƃƧfÆltcflbgf
;ųjL;lt b'sd"nsĕ k'Şf rflt Pj+ k'Şfjf/] Psĕ;Llt k'Şf j]lbtƑf.
tŴ cg';]ƃLlt lrų;ƃfg] cg'utf x'ŷf slt cg';]lƃ, eśflt cg';]lƃ r gfg';]lƃ rflt Pj+ slt ljelhtƑflt
cŴá. g sĕdwft'+ pkkşƃƧflt sĕdwft'lj/lxtf ƀ] ¿kf¿kwft'oá pkkşƃƧ. g sĕdwft'+ g ¿kwft'lƃ c¿kwft'+
pkkşƃƧ. g sĕdwft'oflt ¿kf¿kwft"lx r'tƧ, Pj+ ;];];'lk ;ƑŴ kl;lƈj;]g, wft'j;]g r cŴá j]lbtƑált co+
pŹ];jf/] goá.
lgŹ];jf/] kgƧ æsĕdwft'of r'tƧ sĕdwft'+ pkkşƃƧ sƧlr ;ų cg';of cg';]lƃ, sƧlr kť cg';of
cg';]lƃ, cg';of eśf glŴ, sĕdwft'of r'tƧ ¿kwft'+ pkkşƃƧ sƧlr ;ų cg';of cg';]lƃ, sƧlr kť, sƧlr toá
»k]0 eśf gŴLÆlt Oldgf go]g ;ƑŴ ljƧşg+ j]lbtƑ+, co+ kg]Ŵ lj;];á _ ¿kwft'of r'tƧ sĕdwft'+ pkkşƃƧ ;ų]j
cg';of cg';]lƃ, tyf æc¿kwft'of r'tƧ sĕdwft'+ pkkşƃƧfÆltcfbL;'lk, c¿kwft'of kg r'tƧ ¿kwft'of pkklų
glŴ, x]Ūf pkkşdfgá sĕdwft'+ Pj pkkşlt, ;ų]j cg';of cg';]ƃLlt Pj+ cţ];'lk Pj¿k];' ljƧşggoá j]lbtƑált
co+ lj;];á, ;];+ j'ųgod]jflt cod]Ŵ kflńgoá.
tŴ sƧlr ;ųflt k'y'şgj;]g j'ų+, kťflt ;átfkƉ;sbfufdLg+ j;]g. t];+ lx lblŪljlrlsŞfg';of
kxLgflt, sĕdwft'of kg cgfufdLg+ pkklųcefjtá k&djf/] æsƧlr toáÆlt g j'ų+, ¿kf¿kwft";' pƍşgjf/];' Pj
j'ų+»k]0 cgfufdLg+ lx sĕd/fukl#fglƕ kxLgųf toáj cg';of cg';]lƃ, Ow r cg';ofg+ pƍlųj;]g goá,
cg';ofg+ cg';og+ cƮx]ŷf cƍxLgefj]g kl;lƈŋ±)ë clk cg';og+ ux]tƑ+. ;ų]jflt cl/o;fjsƧ ¿kf¿kwft'of r'tƧ
x]Ūf sĕdejfbL;' pkklų gfd glŴ, k'y'şgƧ]j xált, tƨf æ;ų]jfÆlt lgod]ŷf j'ų+, c¿kwft'of r'tƧ ¿kwft'of
pkklų gŴLlt. sƨf glŴĠ c¿kLg+ ¿kŢĕgƧ cefjf. t] lx ;Ƒ;á ¿k;ţfg+ ;dltŊþdg¿kwft'+ pkkƉflt. ;];+
gotá ;'ljţ]Ɯd]jflt co+ wft'jf/] goá. co+ cg';oodsdfltsŴ;+jŰgfgoá.
lrųodsdfltsŴjŰgf
lrųodsdfltsĕo+ kg kflńjjŴfg+ tfj Pj+ j]lbtƑ+. OldƧ+ lx dfltsĕo+ k'Ʈnjf/á wƙjf/á k'Ʈnwƙjf/ált
cflbtáj toá ;'lźsdxfjf/f xálƃ, tŴ æoƧ lrų+ pƍşlt g lg?ŢtLÆlt Pj+ k'Ʈnj;]g lrųƧ pƍşglg?Ţgflbe]b+
bLk]ƃá utá k'Ʈnjf/á gfd. æo+ lrų+ pƍşlt g lg?ŢtLÆlt Pj+ wƙj;]g]j lrųƧ pƍşglg?Ţgflbe]b+ bLk]ƃá utá
wƙjf/á gfd. æoƧ o+ lrų+ pƍşlt g lg?ŢtLÆlt Pj+ peoj;]g]j lrųƧ pƍşglg?Ţgflbe]b+ bLk]ƃá utá
k'Ʈnwƙjf/á gfd.
ttá æoƧ ;/fu+ lrųÆlƃcfbLg+ ;áń;Ɖ+ kbfg+ j;]g ck/] ;/fuflbkblj;]l;tf ;áń; k'Ʈnjf/f, ;áń;
wƙjf/f, ;áń; k'Ʈnwƙjf/flt cŪrųfnL; ldƧsjf/f xálƃ, t] ;/fuflbkbdų+ bƧ]ŷf ;+lvųf. ttá æoƧ s';n+
lrųÆlƃcflbgf go]g %;lŪlƀ;t;řftfg+ clewƙdfltsĕkbfg+ j;]g ck/] s';nflbkblj;]l;tf %;lŪlƀ;tk'Ʈnjf/f,
%;lŪlƀ;twƙjf/f, %;lŪlƀ;tk'Ʈnwƙjf/flt cŪgj'lt;ų;tf ldƧsjf/f xálƃ, t]lk s';nflbkbdų+ bƧ]ŷf ;+lvųfo]j,
oflgk]Ŵ ;lgbƧgfbLlg kbflg lrų]g ;Ƹź g o'şlƃ, tflg dá#k'Şfj;]g ulxtfgLlt.
t];' kg tL;' jf/];' ;Ƒk&d] ;'lźsk'Ʈndxfjf/] tfj pƍfblg/áwsĕn;Ƙ]bjf/á pƍfb'ƍƉjf/á lg/áw'ƍƉjf/á
pƍfbjf/á lg/áwjf/á pƍfblg/áwjf/á pƍşdfgglg/áwjf/á pƍşdfg'ƍƉjf/á lg?Ţdfg'ƍƉjf/á pƍƉ'ƍfbjf/á
ctLtfgfutjf/á pƍƉ'ƍşdfgjf/á lg?źlg?Ţdfgjf/á cltŊþƃsĕnjf/á rflt r'Ź; cƃ/jf/f, t];' pƍfbjf/á
lg/áwjf/á pƍfblg/áwjf/ált Od];' tL;' jf/];' kŝ]s+þ jųdfgftLtƧ, jųdfgfgfutƧ, ctLtfgfutƧ rflt ltŰ+
sĕne]bfg+ j;]g cg'nádklnádtá % % sŷf cŪf/; odsĕlg, pƍƉ'ƍfbjf/] ctLtfgfutsĕnj;]g cg'nádtá ƀ],
klnádtá ƀ]lt rųfl/ odsĕlg, ;];];' cflbtá lglŹŪ];' tL;', cƃ/] lglŹŪ];' tL;', cj;fg] lglŹŪ];' rt";"lt b;;' jf/];'
152
cg'nádtá Ps+þ, klnádtá Pslƃ ƀ] ƀ] sŷf jL;lt odsĕlg, Pj+ ;Ƒ];'lk r'Ź;;' cƃ/jf/];' ƀfrųfnL; odsĕlg,
rt'/f;Llt k'Şf, cŪ;lŪcŴ;t+ xált. oyf r PsƸƨ ;'lźsk'Ʈndxfjf/], tyf ;'lźswƙdxfjf/],
;'lźsk'Ʈnwƙdxfjf/]kLlt tL;' dxfjf/];' %ƑL;ltods;t+, ttá lbu')f k'Şf, lbu')f cŴf r j]lbtƑf, Ob+ kg
jf/ųo+ ;/fuflbj;]g ;áń;u')+, s';nflbj;]g %;lŪlƀ;tu')+ sŷf OldƧf lrųodsdfltsĕo cg]sĕlg ods;xƧflg,
tlŹu')f k'Şf, tlŹu')f cŴf r xálƃ, kf±&ëf kg ;+lvųá. Pjd]Ŵ kflńjjŴfg+ ljlbŷf Obflg cg'ųfgkbŴfg';f/]g
ljeśgo;lxtá ;ř]kŴjŰgfgoá Pj+ j]lbtƑá.
oƧ lrų+ pƍştLlt oƧ k'ƮnƧ lrų+ pƍfbŋ);dlśtfo pƍşlt. g lg?ŢtLlt lg/áwŋ)+ cƍųtfo g
lg?Ţlt. tƧ lrųlƃ Ƹs tƧ k'ƮnƧ ttá kŪfo lrų+ lg?lŢƧtLlt k'Şf, tƧf r, æklŞdlrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë t];+ lrų+
pƍşlt g lg?Ţlt, lg?lŢƧlt g'ƍlşƧlt, Ot/];+ lrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë t];+ lrų+ pƍşlt g lg?Ţlt, lg?lŢƧlt r]j
pƍlşƧlt rfÆlt ljƧşg+. tŴ t];+ lrųlƃ o];+ vL)f;jfg+ klŞdlrų;řftƧ r'ltlrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë jųlt, t];+ tb]j
r'ltlrų+ pƍfbƍųtfo pƍşlt gfd, eś+ cƍųtfo g lg?Ţlt gfd, Obflg kg eś+ kŷf t+ t];+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt,
ttá cƍl;lƈsųf cţ+ g'ƍlşƧlt. Ot/];lƃ klŞdlrų;dƸś vL)f;j+ &k]ŷf cj;];fg+ ;]vf;]vk'y'şgfg+ lg?lŢƧlt
r]j cţ+ kg tƸƨ jf cųefj] pƍlşƧlt rflt cŴá.
æoƧ jf kg lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt g'ƍlşƧlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍşlt g lg?ŢtLÆlt OldƧf b'ltok'Şfo
klŞdlrų;dlśgá vL)f;jƧ lrų+ ;ƈfo æcfdƃfÆlt ljƧşg+. æoƧ lrų+ g'ƍşlt lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt
pƍlşƧtLÆlt k'Şfo ægáÆlt kl;]±wëfj ljƧşg+. g pƍşlt lg?ŢtLlt lx eśŋ±)ë c/xtá klŞdlrųlƕ ;];fg+
leşdfglrųlƕ k'Şlt, ttá kŪfo kg c/xtá tfj lrų+ g lg?lŢƧtLlt ;Ŋĕ jų'+, pƍlşƧtLlt kg g ;Ŋĕ, tƨf
ægáÆlt PŴ kl;]±wëf stá, æoƧ jf kg lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt pƍlşƧlt, tƧ lrų+ g'ƍşlt lg?ŢtLÆlt k'Şfo
ægŴLÆlt klŋ]káj ljƧşg+. oƧ lx lrų+ g lg?lŢƧlt pƍlşƧlt, ;á r k'Ʈná gŴLlt.
oƧ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍƉlƃĠ cfdƃf, oƧ jf kg»k]0 pƍştLltĠ ;Ƒ];+ lrųƧ eśŋ±)ë t+ lrų+
pƍƉ+, gá r pƍşlt, ;Ƒ];+ lrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë t];+ lrų+ pƍƉť]j pƍşlt r, oƧ lrų+ g'ƍşlt tƧ lrų+ g'ƍƉlƃĠ
lrųƧ eśŋ±)ë lrų+ g'ƍşlt, gá r g'ƍƉ+, lg/áw;dfkƉfg+ c;ţ;ųfg+ lrų+ g'ƍşlt r]j g'ƍƉť. oƧ jf kg»k]0
g'ƍştLltĠ cfdƃf. PŴ r pƍƉlƃ pƍfb;dlśgák]t+ gfd+, pƍştLlt r pƍfb;dlśgáj.
oƧ lrų+ lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍƉlƃĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 lg?ŢtLltĠ eśŋ±)ë tyf. oƧ lrų+ g
lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų+ g'ƍƉlƃĠ lg/áw;dfkƉfbLg+ lrų+. oƧ jf kg»k]0 cfdƃf.
oƧ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşŴfltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 pƍştLltĠ ;Ƒ];+ lrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë
tyf. PŴ r pƍfbƍųųf pƍlşŴ, t+ cgtLtųf pƍşlt gfdflt cŴált cŪsyfo+ v)kŝ'ƍƉj;]g cŴá j'ųá.
pƍlşŴflt kg OdƧ ctLtlrųŋ)j;]g cŴ] uƞdfg] Pj pkl/kflńof g lj?Ţlt, g cţyflt kţfolt, tƨf k'Ƒfk/+
cánás]þŷf kflńclj/á±wëg cŴá ux]tƑá.
oƧ lrų+ g'ƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ g'ƍlşŴfltĠ pƍlşŴ. oƧ jf kg»k]0 g'ƍştLltĠ glŴ. oƧ lrų+
pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşƧtLltĠ klŞdlrų;dlśvL)f;jlj/lxtfg+ lrų+ tyf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 pƍştLltĠ pƍfbŋ±)ë
tyf. oƧ lrų+»k]0 g'ƍlşƧtLltĠ c;]vfg+ klŞdlrųƧ eśŋ±)ë tyf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 g'ƍştLltĠ klŞdlrųƧ
eśŋ±)ë tyf. oƧ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşƧtLltĠ klŞdlrų;dƸś &k]ŷf ;];fg+ tyf. oƧ jf kg»k]0
cfdƃf. oƧ lrų+ g'ƍlşŴ, tƧ lrų+ g'ƍlşƧtLltĠ glŴ. oƧ jf kg»k]0 g'ƍlşŴfltĠ pƍlşŴ.
oƧ lrų+ lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų+ lg?lŢŴfltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 lg?ŢtLltĠ eśŋ±)ë tyf. oƧ
lrų+»k]0 g lg?lŢŴfltĠ lg?lŢŴ. oƧ jf kg»k]0 glŴ. oƧ lrų+ lg?Ţlt, tƧ lrų+ lg?lŢƧtLltĠ
klŞdlrų;dƸś &k]ŷf ;];fg+ lrųƧ eśŋ±)ë tyf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 ;];fg+ eśŋ±)ë tyf. oƧ lrų+»k]0 lg?lŢƧlt.
oƧ jf kg»k]0 lg?Ţlt.
oƧ lrų+ lg?lŢŴ, tƧ lrų+ lg?lŢƧtLltĠ klŞdlrųƧ eśŋ±)ë &k]ŷf ;];fg+ lrų+ tyf. oƧ jf kg»k]0
cfdƃf. oƧ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴ, tƧ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧtLltĠ glŴ. oƧ jf kg»k]0 g lg?lŢŴfltĠ lg?lŢŴ.
oƧ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ lg?lŢŴfltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 pƍştLltĠ ;Ƒ];+ lrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë
tyf. oƧ lrų+ g'ƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ g lg?lŢŴfltĠ lg?lŢŴ. oƧ jf kg»k]0 glŴ, oƧ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+
lg?lŢƧtLltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 pƍştLltĠ ;Ƒ];+ lrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë tyf. oƧ lrų+ g'ƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ g
lg?lŢƧtLltĠ klŞdlrųƧ eśŋ±)ë tyf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 cfdƃf. oƧ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, tƧ lrų+ lg?lŢƧtLltĠ
lg?Ţdfg+ klŞdlrų+ &k]ŷf tyf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 cfdƃf. oƧ lrų+ g'ƍlşŴ, tƧ lrų+ g lg?lŢƧtLltĠ glŴ.
oƧ jf kg»k]0 g'ƍlşŴfltĠ pƍlşŴ.
oƧ lrų+ pƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ g lg?ŢtLltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 pƍştLltĠ ;Ƒ];+ lrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë
tyf. oƧ lrų+ g'ƍşlt, tƧ lrų+ lg?ŢtLltĠ ;Ƒ];+ lrųƧ eśŋ±)ë tyf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 g'ƍştLltĠ cfdƃf.
oƧ lrų+ pƍşdfg+, tƧ lrų+ pƍƉlƃĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 pƍşdfglƃĠ ;Ƒ];+ lrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë
tyf. oƧ lrų+ g'ƍşdfg+, tƧ lrų+ g'ƍƉlƃĠ lg/áw;dfkƉfbLg+ lrų+ tyf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 cfdƃf.
oƧ lrų+ lg?Ţdfg+, tƧ lrų+ pƍƉlƃĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 eśŋ±)ë tyf. oƧ lrų+ g lg?Ţdfg+,
tƧ lrų+ g'ƍƉlƃĠ lg/áw;dfkƉfbLg+ lrų+ tyf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 cfdƃf.
oƧ lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşŴfltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg»k]0 pƍƉlƃ lrų;dśLg+ tyf. oƧ lrų+
g'ƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ g'ƍlşŴfltĠ pƍlşŴ. oƧ jf kg»k]0 g'ƍƉlƃĠ glŴ»k]0 oƧ lrų+ g'ƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ g'ƍlşƧtLltĠ
153
pƍlşƧlt. oƧ jf kg»k]0 g'ƍƉlƃĠ pƍƉ+.
oƧ lrų+ pƍlşŴ gá r tƧ lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşƧtLltĠ cfdƃf. oƧ jf kg lrų+ pƍlşƧlt gá r
tƧ lrų+ pƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ pƍlşŴfltĠ cfdƃf. PŴ ægá r tƧ lrų+ g'ƍƉÆlƃ Ob+ c;ţflbclrųs]þ ;ƈfo j'ų+. t];+
lgod]g lrų'ƍlųof cefjtá æcfdƃfÆlt peoŴ ljƧşg+ j'ų+. coť jf/á sĕnųo] ux]ŷf ;dlŴtált ux]tƑá.
æoƧ lrų+ g'ƍlşŴ gá r tƧ lrų+ g'ƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ g'ƍlşƧtLltĠ glŴ. oƧ jf kg lrų+ g'ƍlşƧlt gá r
tƧ lrų+ g'ƍƉ+, tƧ lrų+ g'ƍlşŴfltĠ pƍlşŴ.
pƍƉ+ pƍşdfglƃĠ pƍfbŋ±)ë lrų+ tyf. pƍşdfg+ pƍƉlƃĠ cfdƃf. g'ƍƉ+ g'ƍşdfglƃĠ cfdƃf.
g'ƍşdfg+ g'ƍƉlƃĠ ctLtfgfutlrų+ tyf.
lg?ź+ lg?ŢdfglƃĠ gá, lg?Ţdfg+ lg?źlƃĠ gá, glg?ź+ glg?ŢdfglƃĠ pƍfbŋ±)ë cgfutť lrų+
tyf. glg?Ţdfg+ glg?źlƃlk t±yëj.
oƧ lrų+ pƍşdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, tƧ lrųlƃĠ gá
r eśŋ)+ jLltŊþƃ,+ ctLt+ lrų+ tb'eo+ jLltŊþƃ+, oƧ jf kg lrų+ lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, pƍşdfg+
v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, tƧ lrųlƃĠ ctLt+ lrųÆlƃ Oldgf go]g k'Ʈnjf/] ;ƑŴ ljƧşggoá j]lbtƑá.
tŴ pƍşdfg+ v)lƃ pƍşdfgƧ v)+, pƍfbŋ)lƃ cŴá. v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕnlƃ g lr/+ jLltŊþƃ+, td]j
kg pƍfbŋ)+ jLltŊþƃ+ x'ŷf cltŊþƃsĕnlƃ ;ř+ uŞlt, lg?Ţdfg+ v)lƃ lg?ŢdfgƧ v)+, eśŋ)lƃ cŴá. v)+ jLltŊþƃ+
cltŊþƃsĕnlƃ Ƹs tƧ lrų+ Pj+ lg/áwŋ)lƕ jLltŊþƃ+ x'ŷf cltŊþƃsĕn+ gfd xátLlt k'Şlt. oƧ eśŋ±)ë lrų+ pƍfbŋ)+
v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ x'ŷf cltŊþƃsĕn+ gfd xált, lg/áwŋ)+ jLltŊþƃ+ x'ŷf cltŊþƃsĕn+ gfd xált, ctLt+ kg lrų+ peálk v±)ë
v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ x'ŷf cltŊþƃsĕn+ gfd xátLlt ctLtlrųj;]g ljƧşg+ st+. Oldgfj pkfo]g pkl/d];' cŴwƙjf/fbL;' r
;ƑljƧşg];' cŴá j]lbtƑá. co+ cltŊþƃsĕnjf/] goá.
o+ lrų+ pƍşlt glg?Ţlt, t+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt g'ƍlşƧtLltĠ cfdƃf. o+ jf kg»k]0 cfdƃf. o+ lrų+
g'ƍşlt lg?Ţlt, t+ lrų+ glg?lŢƧlt pƍlşƧtLltĠ gá. o+ jf kg lrų+ glg?lŢƧlt pƍlşƧlt, t+ lrų+ g'ƍşlt
lg?ŢtLltĠ glŴ.
o+ lrų+ pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ pƍƉlƃĠ cfdƃf. o+ jf kg»k]0 pƍştLltĠ pƍfbŋ±)ë lrų+ tyf, Pj+
klnádk'Şf;'lk ttá ;];f;'lk. æo+ lrų+ g'ƍşlt, t+ lrų+ g'ƍƉlƃĠ ctLtfgfut+ lrų+ tyf. o+ jf kg»k]0
cfdƃf»k]0 eśŋ±)ë lrųÆlƃcflbgf, æo+ lrų+ pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ pƍlşŴfltĠ gá. o+ lrų+ g'ƍşlt, t+ lrų+
g'ƍlşŴfltĠ eśŋ±)ë lrų+ cgfutťfÆltcflbgf, æo+ lrų+ pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ pƍlşƧtLltĠ gá. o+ jf kg»k]0 gá, o+
lrų+ g'ƍşlt, t+ lrų+ g'ƍlşƧtLltĠ cgfut+ lrų+ g'ƍşlt, gá r t+ lrų+ g'ƍlşƧlt, eśŋ±)ë lrų+ ctLt+
lrųÆlƃcflbgf r, æo+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, t+ lrų+ pƍlşƧtLltĠ gá. o+ jf kg»k]0 gá, o+ lrų+ g'ƍlşŴ, t+ lrų+
g'ƍlşƧtLltĠ cgfut+ lrųÆlƃcflbgf r,
æo+ lrų+ lg?Ţlt, t+ lrų+ lg?lŢŴfltĠ gáÆltcflbgf r, æo+ lrų+ pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ lg?lŢŴfltĠ
gáÆltcflbgf r, æo+ lrų+ pƍşlt, t+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧtLlt cfdƃfÆltcflbgf r, æo+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ, t+ lrų+
lg?lŢƧtLltĠ gáÆltcflbgf r,
æo+ lrų+ pƍşdfg+, t+ lrų+ pƍƉlƃĠ cfdƃf. o+ jf kg»k]0 pƍşdfglƃ»k]0 pƍfbŋ±)ë lrųÆlƃcflbgf
r, æo+ lrų+ lg?Ţdfg+, t+ lrų+ pƍƉlƃĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf r, æo+ lrų+ pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ pƍlşŴfltĠ gá. o+ jf
kg»k]0 gáÆltcflbgf r,
æo+ lrų+ pƍlşŴ gá r t+ lrų+ pƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ pƍlşƧtLltĠ gá. o+ jf kg»k]0 gá. o+ lrų+ g'ƍlşŴ gá
r t+ lrų+ g'ƍƉ+, t+ lrų+ g'ƍlşƧtLltĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf r, æpƍƉ+ pƍşdfglƃ»k]0 pƍfbŋ±)ë pƍƉť]j
pƍşdfgť. pƍşdfg+ pƍƉlƃĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf r, ælg?ź+ lg?ŢdfglƃĠ gáÆltcflbgf r,
æo+ lrų+ pƍşdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, lg?Ţdfg+ v)+ v)+ jLltŊþƃ+ cltŊþƃsĕn+, t+ lrųlƃ»k]0
ctLt+ lrųÆlƃcflbgf r wƙjf/],
æoƧ o+ lrų+ pƍşlt g lg?Ţlt, tƧ t+ lrų+ lg?lŢƧlt g'ƍlşƧtLltĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf r k'Ʈnwƙjf/]
r, ;/fuflbkb]lx, s';nflbkb]lx r ldƧ];' ;Ƒjf/];' r k'Şf;' x]Ūf j'ųfg';f/]g ljƧşggoá j]lbtƑá. co+
lrųodsdfltsŴ;+jŰgfgoá.
wƙodsdfltsŴjŰgf
wƙodsdfltsĕo kg vƈods]þ j'ųgo]g]j kflńjjŴfg+ j]lbtƑ+. æoá s';n+ wƙ+ efj]lt, ;á cs';n+ wƙ+
khxtLÆlt cfutųf kg]Ŵ kl/ţfjf/á efjgfjf/á gfd. tŴ oƨf cƓfstá wƙá g]j efj]tƑá g kxftƑá, tƨf kbd]j
g pźlƃ j]lbtƑ+ k'ŞfljƧşg] kg]Ŵ æs';nfs';nf wƙfltĠ cfdƃfÆltcflbgf, æwƙf cs';nf wƙfltĠ cs';nf wƙf
wƙf r]j cs';nf wƙf r, cj;];f wƙf g cs';nf wƙfÆltcflbgf r kŰlųjf/] ljƧşggoá `ftƑá.
æoƧ s';nf wƙf pƍşlƃ, tƧ cs';nf wƙf pƍşƃLltĠ gá. oƧ jf kg»k]0 oƧ s';nf wƙf pƍşlƃ,
tƧ cƓfstf wƙf pƍşƃLltĠ kťjásĕ/] s';nfg+ pƍfbŋ±)ë»k]0 pƍşƃLÆltcflbgf r, æoŴ s';nf wƙf pƍşlƃ, tŴ
cs';nf wƙf pƍşƃLltĠ cfdƃf»k]0 tŴ cƓfstf wƙf pƍşƃLltĠ cfdƃf. oŴ jf kg cƓfstf wƙf pƍşlƃ, tŴ
s';nf wƙf pƍşƃLlt »k]0 rt'jásĕ/]»k]0 pƍşƃLÆltcflbgf r, æoƧ oŴ s';nf wƙf»k]0 pƍşƃLltĠ
154
gáÆltcflbgf r,
æoƧ s';nf wƙf g'ƍşlƃ, tƧ cs';nf wƙf g'ƍşƃLlt»k]0 ;Ƒ];+ lrųƧ eśŋ±)ë cƓfstlrųƧ pƍfbŋ±)ë
lg/áw;dfkƉfg+ c;ţ;ųfg+ t];+ s';nf r wƙf g'ƍşlƃ, cs';nf r wƙf g'ƍşƃLÆltcflbgf r, æoƧ s';nf wƙf
g'ƍşlƃ, tƧ cƓfstf wƙf g'ƍşƃLlt»k]0 ;Ƒ];+ rjƃfg+ kjų] lrųƧ eśŋ±)ë cf?ƍ] cs';nfg+ pƍfbŋ±)ë r
g'ƍşƃLÆltcflbgf r, æoŴ s';nf wƙf g'ƍşlƃ, tŴ cs';nf wƙf g'ƍşƃLltĠ cfdƃf»k]0 tŴ cƓfstf wƙf
g'ƍşƃLltĠ pƍşlƃ. oŴ jf kg cƓfstf wƙf g'ƍşlƃ, tŴ cs';nf wƙf g'ƍşƃLltĠ gŴLÆltcflbgf r pƍfbjf/],
æoƧ s';nf wƙf lg?Ţlƃ, tƧ cs';nf wƙf lg?ŢƃLltĠ gáÆltcflbgf lg/áwjf/] r,
æoƧ s';nf wƙf pƍşlƃ, tƧ cs';nf wƙf lg?ŢƃLltĠ gáÆltcflbgf pƍfblg/áwjf/] r,
æoá s';n+ wƙ+ efj]lt, ;á cs';n+ wƙ+ khlxŴfltĠ gá»k]0 oá s';n+ wƙ+ g efj]lt, ;á cs';n+ wƙ+
gƍhlxŴfltĠ cƮdƮ;dlśť c/xƃť &k]ŷf cj;];f k'ƮnfÆltcflbgf efjgfjf/] r k'ŞfljƧşggoá x]Ūf j'ųfg';f/]g
`ftƑá.
cŴljlgŞo] kg]Ŵ Ob+ nŋ)+. OdƧ lx wƙodsƧ kjlųdxfjf/] pƍşlƃ lg?ŢƃLlt Od];' pƍfblg/á±wë;'
s';nfs';nwƙf tfj Psƃ]g kjlųo+o]j nưlƃ, g r'ltkl;ƈL;', cƓfstwƙf kg kjų] r r'ltkl;ƈL;' rflt tL;'lk
sĕn];' nưlƃ, Pjd]Ŵ o+ oŴ oŴ nưlt, tƧ j;]g tŴ tŴ ljlgŞoá j]lbtƑá.
tlŶb+ god'v+ _ s';nfs';nfg+ tfj Psŋ±)ë cg'ƍşgtá ægáÆlt kl;]±wëf stá. cƓfstf rflt Ob+
lrų;d'Ūfg¿k+ ;ƈfo j'ų+. oŴ s';nf wƙf g'ƍşƃLlt c;ţej+ ;ƈfo j'ų+, cƓfstfg+ wƙfg+ cg'ƍlųŪfgƧfefjf
ægŴLÆlt klŋ]ká stá, lg/áwjf/] s';nfs';nfg+ Pstá clg?Ţgtá ægáÆlt j'ųlƃ Oldgfj god'±vëg ;ƑŴ ljlgŞoá
j]lbtƑá. co+ wƙodsdfltsŴ;+jŰgfgoá.
OlƇoodsdfltsŴjŰgf
OlƇoodsdfltsĕo+ kg vƈodsdfltsĕbL;' j'ųgo]g]j kflńjjŴfgflbs]ĕ ;Ƒá cŴ;+jŰgfgoá j]lbtƑá.
dlglƇo+ kg]Ŵ oyf rŋ'lƇoflbd"ns]þlx, t±yëj OlŴlƇoflbd"ns]þlx ;Ƹź ;ƕoáu+ uŞlt, tƨf lglŋųklkflof coáh]ŷf
;Ƒ]lxlk rŋ'lƇod"nfbLlx ;Ƹź kl/oá;fg] oálht+, rŋ'lƇo]g r ;Ƹź ;'lvlƇob'lŋlƇobádglƧlƇoflg, nás'ųl/lƇoflg r
kl;lƈo+ gŴLlt g ulxtflg. oyf r]Ŵ, Pj+ ;]l;lƇod"ns]þ;'lk oyfg'¿k+ `ftƑ+. OlƇofg+ kg ax'stfo
wft'odstálk ax't/flg odsĕlg xálƃ co+ lj;];á, ;];+ x]Ūf j'ųfg';f/]g `ftƑlƃ. co+ OlƇoodsdfltsŴ;+jŰgfgoá.
odsdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
7= kŪfgdfltsŴjŰgf
Obflg kŪfgdfltsĕo cŴ;+jŰgfgoá xált. s]þgŪ]g kŪfglƃĠ gfgƍsĕ/kŝoŪ]g. k-;Źá lx gfgƍsĕ/Ŵ+
bLk]lt, &fg-;Źá kŝoŴ+. cy jf ljehgŪ]g kŪfg+. oyf lx kţfkgf kŪkgf ljj/)f ljehgf pųfgLsƙlƃ
cfutŪfg] ljehgŪá kŪfg;Ź;dfgŴá kŪkgf-;Źá lbƧlt, Pjldwflk s';nfbLg+ wƙfg+ x]t'kŝofbLlx ljehgtá
ljehgŪ]g kŪfg+ gfd. cy jf klŪtŪ]g kŪfg+, udgŪ]gflt cŴá. ;Ƒwƙ];' lx c;śudgƧ ;Ƒţ'tţf)Ƨ
x]t'kŝoflbe]bleƉ];' s';nfbL;' ljŴfl/tgonfetá lgƧśj;]g kjųudgųf udgŪ]g kŪfg+ gfd, Olt gfgƍsĕ/kŝoŪ]g,
ljehgŪ]g, udgŪ]g r ltskŪfgfbL;' rt'jL;ltof kŪfg];' Ps]þslƕ kŪfg+ gfd, t];+ kg ;d"xtá ks/)+ kŪfg+ gfd,
t];+ kŪfgfg+ dfltsĕ. ;olƕ jf kŪfge"tf dfltsĕ, ;Ƒƕ]t+ kŪfgdfltsĕ. of ;f æx]t'kŝoá, cf/ƙ)kŝoá»k]0
cljutkŝoáÆlt Pj+ ltskŪfgflbrt'jL;ltƍe]b;dƃkŪfgb];gfo d"ne"tkŝoe]bƧ j;]g eujtf ks/)Ƨ cflblƛ
&lktf, co+ Ow kŪfgdfltsĕ gfd.
tŴ cg'ųfgŴflb;lxtá ;ř]kŴljlgŞoá tfj Pj+ j]lbtƑá _ x]t'kŝoáltcfbL;' lx x]t' r ;á kŝoá rflt
x]t'kŝoá, x]t' x'ŷf kŝoá x]t'kŝoá, x]t'efj]g kŝoált j'ų+ xált. tŴ x]t"lt jrgfjojsĕ/)d"nfgd]t+ clwjrg+.
æklţfx]t"ÆltcfbL;' lx nás]þ jrgfjojá æx]t"Ælt j'ŝlt, ;f;g] kg æo] wƙf x]t'ƍejfÆltcfbL;' ‘dxfj060
ck0±yë/ 1=1=286’ sĕ/)+, ætoá s';nf x]t", toá cs';nf x]t"ÆltcfbL;' ‘w0;0 1059’ d"n+, Ob+ Ow clwƍ]t+ t+
klŝ Ptƨf PtLlt kŝoá, ckŝŋĕo g+ jųtLlt cŴá. oá lx wƙá o+ wƙ+ klŝ ckŝŋĕo ltŪlt jf pƍşlt jf, ;á
tƧ pksĕ/snŋ±)ëg kŝoá gfd. Olt d"nŪ]g x]t', pksĕ/sŪ]g kŝoált ;ř]ktá d"nŪ]g pksĕ/s]ĕ wƙá x]t'kŝoá,
s';nfbLg+ s';nflbefj;fws]ĕlt s]þlr, Pj+ ;ƃ] kg t+;d'Ūfg¿k];' x]t'kŝotf g ;ƕşlt, cx]t'slrųfgť ljgf Pt]lx
cƓfstefjá l;źá, ;x]t'sĕglƕ r oálg;ádgl;sĕ/flbklaźá s';nflbefjá, g ;ƕo'ųx]t'klaźá. olb r l;of,
x]t";'lk s';nflbefj;fws]þg cţ]g eljtƑ+, s';nflbefj;fwgj;]g kg x]t"g+ d"nŪ+ cƮx]ŷf ;'ƍltlŪtefj;fwgj;]g
155
uƞdfg] g lslť lj?Ţlt. nźx]t'kŝof lx wƙf lj?ŃÜd"nf ljo kfbkf ly/f xálƃ ;'ƍltlŪtf, Ot/] kg
ltnaLhsĕlb;]jfnf ljo g ;'ƍltlŪtf, Olt d"nŪ]g pksĕ/s]ĕlt ;'ƍltlŪtefj;fwg]g pksĕ/s]ĕ wƙá x]t'kŝoált
j]lbtƑá.
lgŹ];] æx]t" x]t';ƕo'ųsĕg+ wƙfg+ t+;d'Ūfgfgť ¿kfg+ x]t'kŝo]g kŝoáÆlt j'ų+, tŴ ælrų;d'ŪfgfgÆlƃ
cjŷf æt+;d'ŪfgfgÆlƃ Ob+ clrų;d'Ūfgfglƕ ;śŲgŴ+. kŤfjf/Ƹƨ lx ækl;lƈŋ±)ë ljkfsĕƓfstf x]t" ;ƕo'ųsĕg+
vƈfg+ sųf r ¿kfg+ x]t'kŝo]g kŝoáÆlt cfut+, sƨf kgfo+ x]t' kl;lƈod]j sųf¿kfg+ x]t'kŝo]g kŝoá xált
g kjų]ltĠ kl;lƈo+ sƙh¿kfg+ lrųklaźj'lųtfo, ejk&dlgkfttá lrųhĕlt. Ot/¿k;ƃltpƍŴƘfefj]g Pj
b'ƑnjŴ'+ lrųd]j lgƧfo pƍşlt r]j ltŪlt r. t+ lrųlƕ lx kl;lƈŋ±)ë sƙj]ulŋųtfo r]j ck'/]hĕtjŴ'stfo r
cƍltlŪt+, kkft] klttdųs]ĕ k'l/;á g lslť l;ƍ+ sĕt'+ ljo lrųh¿k+ hg]t'+ g ;Ŋþált, td]j sųf¿k+ lgƧfo
kltŪflt. kl;lƈlrųflg lx ¿k+ g hg]lƃ, sƙh¿kd]j kg t];+ lrų;d'Ūfg¿kŪfg] ltŪlt, kjlųo+ kg
klnź'kŴƘtfo t+ ¿k+ ljgflk sƙklaźfj kjlų, x]t'kŝoƧ kg]Ŵ s';nflbe]btá, e"lde]btá r ljef±uëf x]Ūf
j'ųgo]g]j j]lbtƑált co+ x]t'kŝo] goá.
ttá k/];' cf/ƙ)efj]g pksĕ/s]ĕ wƙá cf/ƙ)kŝoá, ;á lgŹ];] æ¿kfotg+ rŋ'ljţf)wft'of»k]0 mþáŪƑfotg+
sĕoljţf)wft'of t+;ƕo'ųsĕgť wƙfg+»k]0 ¿kfotg+ ;Źuƈ/;mþáŪƑfotg+ dgáwft'of»k]0 ;Ƒ] wƙf
dgáljţf)wft'of»k]0 o+ o+ wƙ+ cf/ư o] o] wƙf pƍşlƃ lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙf, t] t] wƙf t];+ t];+ wƙfg+ cf/ƙ)kŝo]g
kŝoáÆlt Pj+ lglŹŪųf g s]ĕlr wƙá g xált. oyf lx b'Ƒnk'l/;á bů+ jf /ş'+ jf cfnlƗŷf pŪxlt r]j ltŪlt r,
Pj+ lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙf ¿kfbL;' %;' o+ lslť cfnlƗŷf pƍşlƃ r]j ltŪlƃ r, tƨf nálsonás'ų/flbe]bf ;Ƒ]lk wƙf
oyfoáu+ lrųr]tl;sĕg+ cf/ƙ)kŝoált j]lbtƑált co+ cf/ƙ)kŝo] goá.
h]ŪsŪ]g pksĕ/s]ĕ wƙá clwkltkŝoá, ;á lgŹ];] æ%Ɔflwklt %Ɔ;ƕo'ųsĕg+ wƙfg+ t+;d'Ūfgfgť ¿kfg+»k]0
jLl/olrųjLd+;flwklt»k]0 clwkltkŝo]g kŝoá, o+ o+ wƙ+ u?+ sŷf o] o] wƙf pƍşlƃ lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙf, t] t] wƙf
t];+ t];+ wƙfg+ clwkltkŝo]g kŝoáÆlt Pj+ lƀwf lglŹŪá. tŴ %Ɔfboá ;xhĕtflwkltefj]g j'ųf, u?sĕtƑ+
cf/ƙ)flwkltefj]g. tŴ r nálsos';ne"tá cf/ƙ)flwklt nálsos';nfgť]j náe;xutlrųfgť cf/ƙ)flwklt xált,
gfţƧ, cs';ne"tá kg náe;xutlrų'ƍfbált j'ŝlt Ot/];' u?sĕtƑtfo cefjtá, ;á
lƀx]t'sĕx]t'sĕlbnálsoljkfs¿kŋƈe"tá r náe;xutƧ]j, gfţƧ, tyf lsl/oe"tákLlt cŪsyfo+ cfut+, t+
`f);ƕo'ųlsl/ofg+ ;Ƒţ'tţf)fleţflbk'Ƒj;ƍjųfg+ sĕdfjr/s';n]lx u?sĕtƑefjƧflj/áwefjƧ bƧgtá jLd+l;tƑ+.
nás'ų/s';nflg kg sĕdfjr/`f);ƕo'ųhjgfgd]j cf/ƙ)flwkltkŝof xálƃ, lgƑfg+ kg t];ţ]j
nás'ų/s';nljkfsĕgťflt j]lbtƑlƃ co+ clwkltkŝo] goá.
cgƃ/efj]g pksĕ/s]ĕ wƙá cgƃ/kŝoá, ;áj ;dgƃ/kŝoá, Ɠŧgdųd]j gfg+ æpkro;ƃtLÆltcfbL;'
ljo. olƕ æcŴfgƃ/tfo cgƃ/kŝoá, sĕnfgƃ/tfo ;dgƃ/kŝoáÆlt cfrl/ofg+ dt+, t+ ælg/áwf j'ŪxƃƧ
g]j;ţfgf;ţfotgs';n+ mþn;dfklųof ;dgƃ/kŝo]g kŝoáÆltcfbLlx lj?Ţlt, t+lgŹ];] ærŋ'ljţf)wft' t+;ƕo'ųsĕ r
wƙf dgáwft'of»k]0 sĕoljţf)wft'»k]0 dgáwft'»k]0 dgáljţf)wft'of»k]0 k'l/df k'l/df s';nf wƙf klŞdfg+
klŞdfg+ s';nfg+ wƙfg+»k]0 cƓfstfg+ wƙfg+»k]0 k'l/df k'l/df cs';nf wƙf klŞdfg+ klŞdfg+ cs';nfg+»k]0
cƓfstfg+»k]0 o];+ o];+ wƙfg+ cgƃ/f o] o] wƙf pƍşlƃ lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙf, t] t] wƙf t];+ t];+ wƙfg+ cgƃ/kŝo]g
kŝoáÆlt Oldgf cgƃ/kŝolgŹ];;ds]ĕ Pj ;dgƃ/kŝoá lglŹŪá cţŶ gfdgfgfųflt co+ cgƃ/;dgƃ/kŝoƀo]
goá.
pƍşdfgáj ;x pƍşdfgefj]g pksĕ/s]ĕ wƙá ;xhĕtkŝoá, ;á lgŹ];] ærųf/á vƈf c¿lkgá cţdţ+
;xhĕtkŝo]g kŝoá, rųf/á dxfe"tf cţdţ+»k]0 cáŊþlƃŋ±)ë gfd¿k+ cţdţ+»k]0 lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙf lrų;d'Ūfgfg+
¿kfg+»k]0 dxfe"tf pkfbf¿kfg+»k]0 ¿lkgá wƙf c¿kLg+ wƙfg+ lslťsĕn] ;xhĕtkŝo]g kŝoá, lslťsĕn]
g;xhĕtkŝo]g kŝoáÆlt Pj+ %lƑ±wëf lglŹŪá. tŴ cţdţlƃ Oldgf t];+ wƙfg+ Psŋ±)ë kŝoefjť]j kŝo'ƍƉefjť
bLk]lt, kl;lƈŋ±)ë jŴ'¿k+ ¿k+ gfd. lrųr]tl;sĕlt kjlųo+ rųf/á vƈf, kl;lƈoƕLlt s]þlr tŴ sųf¿kfglƕ
lrų;d'Ūfg] kljŪųf. t];+ lx kl;lƈlrųr]tl;sĕ ;xhĕtkŝof xálƃo]j, tflg kg jŴ'lj/lxtflg ¿kflg kjlųo+
lrų;d'Ūfgfg+ ljo lrųr]tl;sĕg+ kŝoŴ+ g mþ/lƃ, tƨf æcţdţÆlƃ g j'ų+, tyf e"tfg+ pkfbf¿k+. Pj+ lx cuƞdfg]
kl;lƈo+ sųf¿kfg+ ;xhĕtf gfd lgƧotf g j'ųflt ;xhĕtkŝolgŹ];á ckl/k'Űá Pj l;of. lslťsĕn]lt Oblƕ
cáŊþlƃŋ±)ë xbojŴ'd]j ;ƈfo j'ųųf tltos]ĕŪf;d]j ehtLlt cŴtá co+ kŝoá kťlj±wëflt co+ ;xhĕtkŝo] goá.
cţdţ+ pƍfbg'kŴƘgefj]g pksĕ/s]ĕ wƙá cţdţkŝoá ltbůs+þ ljo. ;á lgŹ];] ærųf/á vƈf c¿lkgá
cţdţkŝo]g kŝoá, rųf/á dxfe"tf»k]0 cáŊþlƃŋ±)ë gfd¿k+ cţdţkŝo]g kŝoáÆlt Pj+ ltwf lglŹŪált co+
cţdţkŝo] goá.
clwŪfgfsĕ/]g, lgƧofsĕ/]g r pksĕ/s]ĕ wƙá lgƧokŝoá t?lrųsƙfbLg+ kyjLkfboá ljo, ;á lgŹ];]
;xhĕtkŝo] ljo %wfj lglŹŪá. %Ūá kg]Ŵ s]ĕŪf;á ærŋĕotg+ rŋ'ljţf)wft'of, ;át#fglhƢfsĕofotg+
sĕoljţf)wft'of»k]0 o+ ¿k+ lgƧfo dgáwft' r dgáljţf)wft' r jųlƃ, t+ ¿k+ dgáwft'of r dgáljţf)wft'of r
t+;ƕo'ųsĕgť wƙfg+ lgƧokŝo]g kŝoáÆlt Pj+ k'/]hĕtlgƧobƧgj;]g ljeųá, ;];+ tflb;d]j. tŴ ¿klƃ xbojŴ'.
pklgƧokŝoált PŴ kgfo+ jrgŴá _ tbwLgj'lųtfo cųgá mþn]g lglƧtá, gƍllŋųált lgƧoá, oyf kg
e';á cfof;á pkfof;á, Pj+ e';á lgƧoá pklgƧoá, anjsĕ/)Ƨ]t+ clwjrg+, tƨf anjsĕ/)efj]g pksĕ/s]ĕ wƙá
pklgƧokŝoált j]lbtƑá. ;á cf/ƙ)"klgƧoá cgƃ¿klgƧoá kst"klgƧoált ltlj±wëf xált. tŴ cf/ƙ)"klgƧoá tfj
156
cf/ƙ)flwkltgf ;Ƹź gfgų+ csŷf ljeųá. tŴ o+ cf/ƙ)+ u?+ sŷf lrųr]tl;sĕ pƍşlƃ, t+ lgodtá t];+ cf/ƙ±)ë;'
anjf/ƙ)+ xált, Olt u?sĕtƑdųŪ]g cf/ƙ)flwklt, anjsĕ/)Ū]g cf/ƙ)"klgƧoált Pjd]t];+ gfgų+ j]lbtƑ+.
cgƃ¿klgƧoálk cgƃ/kŝo]g gfgų+ csŷfj ljeųá, Pj+ ;ƃ]lk cųgá cųgá cgƃ/+ cg'¿kƧ lrų'ƍfbƧ
kjųg;dŴtfo cgƃ/tf, k'l/dlrųƧ klŞdlrų'ƍfbg] anjtfo cgƃ¿klgƧotf r j]lbtƑf. oyf lx x]t'kŝofbL;'
slť wƙ+ ljgflk lrų+ pƍşlt, g Pj+ cgƃ/lrų+ ljgf lrųƧ pƍlų gfd clŴ, tƨf anjkŝoá xált, Olt
anjsĕ/)Ū]g cgƃ/áj cgƃ¿klgƧoált Pjd]t];+ gfgų+ j]lbtƑ+.
kstá pklgƧoá kst"klgƧoá, kstá gfd cųgá ;ƃfg] pƍflbtá jf ;źf;Lnflbpk;]ljtá jf
pt'eáhgflbksltofo]j jf pklgƧoá kst"klgƧoá, Olt k¿klgƧo]g cldƧált cŴá. ;á r kst"klgƧoá æ;ź+
pklgƧfo bfg+ b]lt, ;Ln+ ;dflbolt, pká;ysƙ+ s/ált, ´fg+ pƍfb]lt¶ ljkƧg+, dƮ+, cleţ+, ;dfkƸų pƍfb]lt¶
;Ln+, ;'t+, rfu+, kţ+ pklgƧfo bfg+ b]lt»k]0 ;dfkƸų pƍfb]tLÆltcflbgf Od];+ ;źfbLg+ j;]g ax'wf ljeųá, Pj+
pklgƧokŝoá ltlj±wëf. lgŹ];] kgfo+ æk'l/df k'l/df s';nf wƙf klŞdfg+ klŞdfg+ s';nfg+ wƙfg+ »k]0 cs';nfg+
s]þ;lť»k]0 cƓfstfg+ wƙfg+»k]0 k'l/df k'l/df cs';nf wƙf klŞdfg+ klŞdfg+ cs';nfg+»k]0 s';nfg+ s]þ;lť»k]0
cƓfstfg+ wƙfg+»k]0 k'l/df k'l/df cƓfstf wƙf»k]0 cƓfstfg+, s';nfg+, cs';nfg+ pklgƧokŝo]g kŝoá, k'Ʈnálk
pklgƧokŝo]g kŝoá, ;]gf;gƕLÆlt Pj+ lglŹŪá. tŴ k'l/dflt cgƃ¿klgƧo] ;dgƃ/ftLtfj nưlƃ.
cf/ƙ)"klgƧokst"klgƧo];' kg gfgfljlwj;]g k'l/dt/fjflt toálk /f;L s';n]g s';nkb] nưlƃ.
s';n]g kgfs';n] ;dgƃ/ftLtf g nưlƃ, t]gfx æs]þ;ťLÆlt. Ob+ lx æs';ná wƙá cs';nƧ wƙƧ cf/ƙ)"klgƧoá
kst"klgƧoá, cf/ƙ)"klgƧoá kg bfg+ bŷf»k]0 t+ u?+ sŷf /f±uëf pƍşlt»k]0 kst"klgƧoá ;ź+ pklgƧfo dfg+
hƍ]tLÆltcflbgf kŤfjf/] cfut+ Od+ go+ ;ƈfo j'ų+.
cs';n]g s';nkb] lx ;dgƃ/ftLtf g nưlƃ, t]gfx æs]þ;ťLÆlt. Ob+ kg æcs';ná wƙá s';nƧ wƙƧ
kst"klgƧoá. /fu+ pklgƧfo bfg+ b]lt»k]0 kf)+ xƄf tƧ kl#ftŴfo bfg+ b]tLÆltcflbgf go]g kŤfjf/] cfut+
kst"klgƧod]j ;ƈfo j'ų+. oyf lx cs';n+ s';nƧ cgƃ¿klgƧoá g xált, tyf cf/ƙ)"klgƧoálk g xált. g lx t+
u?+ sŷf s';n+ kjųlt.
cs';n]g cƓfstkb] kg cf/ƙ)"klgƧoáj g nưlt. g lx t+ cƓfstf u?+ s/álƃ, cgƃ/f kgƧ xálƃ.
t]g]j]Ŵ æs]þ;ťLÆlt g j'ų+. ;];kb];' toálk pklgƧof nưƃ]j. æk'Ʈnálk, ;]gf;gƕLÆlt Oblƕ ƀo+
kst"klgƧoj;]g]j]Ŵ j'ų+, pt'eáhgfboá r]Ŵ ;śx]tƑf. Odlƨť kŝo] Psŝfo kţlųof ;Ƹź ;Ƒ]lk rt'e"dsĕ wƙf
;ślxtflt j]lbtƑflt co+ pklgƧokŝo] goá.
k&dt/+ pƍlşŷf jųdfgefj]g pksĕ/sĕ ¿kwƙf k'/]hĕtkŝoá, ;á k;fbtlƑ;oxbojŴ'j;]g Psĕb;lj±wëf.
lgŹ];] r ærŋĕotg+ rŋ'ljţf)wft'of t+;ƕo'ųsĕgť wƙfg+ k'/]hĕtkŝo]g kŝoá»k]0 sĕofotg+ sĕoljţf)wft'of »k]0
¿kfotg+ rŋ'ljţf)wft'of»k]0 mþáŪƑfotg+ sĕoljţf)wft'of»k]0 ¿kfotg+ ;Źuƈ/;mþáŪƑfotg+ dgáwft'of»k]0 o+
¿k+ lgƧfo»k]0 t+ ¿k+ dgáwft'of r dgáljţf)wft'of r lslťsĕn] k'/]hĕtkŝo]g kŝoá, lslťsĕn] g k'/]hĕtkŝo]g
kŝoáÆlt Pj+ ;Ƒyflk kťƀf/] jŴf/ƙ)j;]g, dgáƀf/] jŴ'j;]g]j rfo+ lglŹŪá. kŤfjf/] kg cf/ƙ)k'/]hĕt+ æc/xf
rŋ'+ clgŝtá b'ŋtá cgųtá ljkƧtLÆlt cfutųf dgáƀf/]lk cŪf/;Ɖ+ ¿kfg+ j;]g cf/ƙ)k'/]hĕtlƕ nưt]jflt co+
k'/]hĕtkŝo] goá.
k'/]hĕtfg+ ¿kwƙfg+ pkŴƘsŪ]g pksĕ/s]ĕ c¿kwƙá kŞfhĕtkŝoá luŢkáts;/L/fg+ cfxf/f;f r]tgf ljo.
lgŹ];]lk rƧ ækŞfhĕtf lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙf k'/]hĕtƧ OdƧ sĕoƧ kŞfhĕtkŝo]g kŝoáÆlt Pj+ j'ų+. tŴ OdƧ sĕoƧflt
rt';d'Ūflgslt;d'Ūflgse"t'kfbfo¿ksĕoƧ. wƙtá rfo+ &k]ŷf kl;lƈljkfs]þ cf?ƍljkfs]þ cj;];f ;Ƒ] rt'e"dsĕ
c¿kwƙflt j]lbtƑflt co+ kŞfhĕtkŝo] goá.
cf;]jgŪ]g cgƃ/fg+ ku')anjefj]g pksĕ/s]ĕ wƙá cf;]jgkŝoá uƅflbk'l/dfleoá±uëf ljo. ;á
s';nfs';nlsl/ohjgj;]g ltlj±wëf. lgŹ];] kgƧ æk'l/df k'l/df s';nf wƙf klŞdfg+ klŞdfg+ s';nfg+ wƙfg+»k]0
cs';nfg+ wƙfg+»k]0 lsl/ofƓfstfg+ wƙfg+ cf;]jgkŝo]g kŝoáÆlt lglŹŪá. tŴ k'l/df k'l/dflt ;ƑŴ
;dgƃ/ftLtfj bŪƑf, tŴflk s';nfboá cƓfstfbLg+ leƉhĕltsĕg+ ;dgƃ/fglƕ jf;gf;řft]g cf;]jg]g
ku')t/anjefjljl;Ū+ cųgá s';nflbefj;řftuƸt ufxfk]t'+ c;dŴtfo cf;]jgkŝof g xálƃ, e"ldtá, kg cf/ƙ)tá
r leƉflk sĕdfjr/ltx]t'ss';nlsl/of cųgf ;lb;j]bgfgd]j dxƮtnás'ų/s';nlsl/ofglƕ, ;řf/f/ƙ)ť cg'náds';n+
lgƑfgf/ƙ)Ƨ ±uëfŶe's';nƧ cf;]jgkŝof xálƃo]j. nás'ų/á kg cf;]jgkŝoá glŴ, tyf ljkfs]ĕ sƙkl/)fldtųflt
co+ cf;]jgkŝo] goá.
lrųƍoáu;řft]g lsl/oefj]g pksĕ/s]ĕ wƙá sƙkŝoá. ;á gfgŋl)sĕo s';nfs';nr]tgfo r]j ;xhĕtfo r
;Ƒfolk r]tgfo j;]g b'lj±wëf xált. lgŹ];]lk rƧ æs';nfs';n+ sƙ+ ljkfsĕg+ vƈfg+ sųf r ¿kfg+»k]0 r]tgf
;ƕo'ųsĕg+ wƙfg+ t+;d'Ūfgfgť ¿kfg+ sƙkŝo]g kŝoáÆlt lƀwfj j'ųá. tŴ sƙlƃ r]tgfsƙd]j. sųf r ¿kfglƃ
sƙƧ sųf pklrtųf lgƎþflbtųf pƍƉfg+ sƙhĕg+ ¿kfg+ sųf Pj, sƙlƕ sĕnƃ/]o]j cj;];kŝo;dfoá±uë ;lt cųgá
mþn+ pƍfb]lt, g t' ljgŪųf l&tųf t+ jf l&t+ kg sƙ+ g hg]lt. Pj+ t+;d'Ūfglƃ Oldgf kl;lƈo+ sųf¿kƮx)+
bŪƑlƃ co+ sƙkŝo] goá.
lg?Ƨfx;ƃefj]g lg?Ƨfx;ƃefjfo pksĕ/s]ĕ ljkfswƙá ljkfskŝoá. ;á kjų] lrų;d'Ūfgfg+,
kl;lƈŋ±)ë sųf¿kfg+, ;ƑŴ r ;ƕo'ųwƙfg+ kŝoá xált. oyfx ;ƑkŤfjf/] _ æljkfsĕƓfstá Ps]ĕ vƈá ltŰƉ+
vƈfg+ lrų;d'Ūfgfgť ¿kfg+ kl;lƈŋ±)ë»k]0 sųf r ¿kfg+ ljkfskŝo]g kŝoáÆltcflb. lgŹ];] kgƧ æljkfsĕ
157
rųf/á vƈf c¿lkgá cţdţ+ ljkfskŝo]g kŝoáÆlt Pųsd]j j'ų+. t+ kŤfjf/] j'ųljwfg+ ;ƈfo ;fj;];+ j'ųlƃ co+
ljkfskŝo] goá.
¿kf¿kfg+ pkŴƘsŪ]g pksĕ/sĕ rųf/á cfxf/f cfxf/kŝoá. lgŹ];] kg æsańLsĕ/á cfxf/á OdƧ
sĕoƧ»k]0 c¿lkgá cfxf/f ;ƕo'ųsĕg+ wƙfg+ t+;d'Ūfgfgť ¿kfg+ cfxf/kŝo]g kŝoáÆlt Pj+ lglŹŪá. tŴ
rt';d'Ūfgd'kutf cáhĕ sańLsĕ/á cfxf/á gfd. ;á oƨf cfxf¿k;]jLgţ]j cŢáxfxf/pt'hĕxf¿kŴźá Pj r
sƙhĕlbcfxf/á OdƧ sĕoƧ l&ltof kjųlt, g cţyf, tƨf sańLsĕtƑpt'hjŴ';lƉlƧttfbƧgŴ+ sańLsĕ/á cfxf/ált
j'ųá. lsťflk rfo+ æOdƧ sĕoƧfÆlt clj;];]g j'ųá, lj;];tá kg cfxf/h¿kƧ hgs]ĕ r]j cg'kfns]ĕ r x'ŷf
;];lt;ƃlt;d'Ūfg¿kƧ cg'kfns]ĕ Pj x'ŷf cfxf/kŝoá xált. t+;d'Ūfgfglƃ Oldgf kl;lƈo+ sƙ;d'Ūfgflg
ulxtfg]j. kŤfjf/] lx ækl;lƈŋ±)ë ljkfsĕƓfstf cfxf/f ;ƕo'ųsĕg+ vƈfg+ sųf r ¿kfg+ cfxf/kŝo]g kŝoáÆlt
j'ųlƃ co+ cfxf/kŝo] goá.
clwkltoŪ]g pksĕ/sĕ OlŴlƇok'l/l;lƇojşĕ jL;lt OlƇof OlƇokŝoá. OlŴlƇok'l/l;lƇoflg lx lsťflk
OlŴk'l/;lnśfsƍfbLg+ aLhe"tflg, g]j kg t];+, g cţ];+ OlƇoflbkŝot+ mþ/lƃ. ;'ųlƃskl/ofo]g kg t];+
kst"klgƧoefj+ mþ/ƃLlt afjL;t]j OlƇoflg. tŴ rŋ'lƇofboá kť c¿kwƙfgd]j OlƇokŝoá, ¿khËljltlƇo+
sųf¿kfgd]j, ;];f ¿kf¿kfg+. lgŹ];] ærŋ'lƇo+ rŋ'ljţf)wft'of t+;ƕo'ųsĕgť wƙfg+»k]0 sĕoljţf)wft'of»k]0
¿khËljltlƇo+ sųf¿kfg+, c¿lkgá OlƇof ;ƕo'ųsĕg+ wƙfg+ t+;d'Ūfgfgť ¿kfg+ OlƇokŝo]g kŝoáÆlt Pj+ lglŹŪá.
t+;d'Ūfgfglƃ PŴflk sųf¿klƕ ;ślxt+. kŤfjf/] lx ækl;lƈŋ±)ë ljkfsĕƓfstf OlƇof ;ƕo'ųsĕg+ vƈfg+ sųf r
¿kfgÆlƃ j'ųlƃ co+ OlƇokŝo] goá.
pklgŢĕogŪ]g pksĕ/sĕlg &k]ŷf lƀkťljţf±)ë;' j]bgfųo+, PsƮtť ;];flg s';nflbe]bflg ;ų ´fgśflg
´fgkŝoá. lƀkťljţf)fg+ lx clelgkftdųųf t];' j]bg]sƮtf pklgŢĕogfsĕ/Ƨ cefj]g ´fgś];' g pźf, lgŹ];] kgƧ
æ´fgśflg ´fg;ƕo'ųsĕg+ wƙfg+ t+;d'Ūfgfgť ¿kfg+ ´fgkŝo]g kŝoáÆlt lglŹŪá. Owflk t+;d'Ūfgfglƃ Oldgf r
sųf¿klƕ ulxt+. kŤfjf/]lx ækl;lƈŋ±)ë ljkfsĕƓfstflg ´fgśflg ;ƕo'ųsĕg+ vƈfg+ sųf r ¿kfgÆlƃ j'ųlƃ co+
´fgkŝo] goá.
otá ttá jf lgƜfgŪ]g pksĕ/sĕlg s';nflbe]bflg ƀfb; dƮśflg dƮkŝoá. lgŹ];] kg ædƮśflg
dƮ;ƕo'ųsĕg+ wƙfg+ t+;d'Ūfgfgť ¿kfg+ dƮkŝo]g kŝoáÆlt lglŹŪá. PŴflk t+;d'Ūfgfglƃ Oldgf sųf¿kƮx)+.
kŤfjf/] lx ækl;lƈŋ±)ë ljkfsĕƓfstflg dƮśflg ;ƕo'ųsĕg+ vƈfg+ sųf r ¿kfgÆlƃ j'ų+, cx]t'slrų];' r]Ŵ
ljşdfgflg dƮśflg dƮkŝof g xálƃ. co+ dƮkŝo] goá.
PsjŴ'sPsĕ/ƙ)Ps'ƍfbPslg/áw;řft]g ;ƕo'ųefj]g pksĕ/sĕ c¿lkgá wƙf ;ƕo'ųkŝoá. lgŹ];] kg
ærųf/á vƈf c¿lkgá wƙf cţdţ+ ;ƕo'ųkŝo]g kŝoáÆlt lglŹŪált co+ ;ƕo'ųkŝo] goá.
PsjŴ'sĕlbefjfg'kud]g pksĕ/sĕ ¿lkgá wƙf c¿kLg+, c¿lkgá wƙf ¿kLg+ ljƍo'ųkŝoá, ;á
;xhĕtk'/]hĕtkŞfhĕtj;]g ltlj±wëf xált. j'ų+ x]t+ æ;xhĕtf s';nf vƈf lrų;d'Ūfgfg+ ¿kfg+»k]0 kŞfhĕtf s';nf vƈf
k'/]hĕtƧ OdƧ sĕoƧ ljƍo'ųkŝo]g kŝoáÆltcflb. k'/]hĕt+ kg %jŴ'j;]g]j j]lbtƑ+. lgŹ];] kgƧ æ¿lkgá wƙf
c¿kLg+»k]0 c¿lkgá wƙf ¿kLg+ wƙfg+ ljƍo'ųkŝo]g kŝoáÆlt Pj+ ;fdţtá lglŹŪá. tŴ ¿lkgált Ob+ %jŴ"g+
j;]g j'ų+, ¿kfboá kg cf/ƙ)wƙf ;ƕoáuf;Řfofefj]g ljƍo'ųkŝof g j'ųf. rŋĕbLg+ lx jŴ"g+ cưƃ/tá c¿kwƙf
lgŋdƃf ljo pƍşlƃ, tŴ ;ƕoáuf;Řf xált. kŤfjf/]lk lx æjŴ' s';nfg+ vƈfg+»k]0 rŋĕotg+
rŋ'ljţf)wft'ofÆltcflbgf % jŴ"g]j pźflg, c¿lkgá wƙf ¿kLglƃ PŴflk lgƑfg+ c¿klƕ ;dfg+ ¿kƧ ljƍo'ųkŝoá
g xált ;Ƒyf ;ƕoáuf;Řfefjtá, ært"lx ;ƕoá±uëf rt"lx ljƍoá±uëfÆlt ‘wft'03’ lx j'ųlƃ co+ ljƍo'ųkŝo] goá.
kŝ'ƍƉnŋ±)ëg clŴefj]g tflb;Ƨ]j wƙƧ pkŴƘsŪ]g pksĕ/s]ĕ wƙá clŴkŝoá, ;á lgŹ];] ærųf/á vƈf
c¿lkgá cţdţ+»k]0 rųf/á dxfe"tf cţdţ+, cáŊþlƃŋ±)ë gfd¿k+ cţdţ+, lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙf lrų;d'Ūfgfg+ ¿kfg+,
dxfe"tf pkfbf¿kfg+, rŋĕotg+ rŋ'ljţf)wft'of»k]0 ¿kfotg+ rŋ'ljţf)wft'of t+;ƕo'ųsĕgť wƙfg+»k]0
¿kfotg+»k]0 mþáŪƑfotg+ dgáwft'of»k]0 dgáwft'of r dgáljţf)wft'of r t+;ƕo'ųsĕgť wƙfg+ clŴkŝo]g
kŝoáÆlt Pj+ ;xhĕtk'/]hĕtj;]g r ax'wf lglŹŪá, kŤfjf/] kg æ;xhĕt+ k'/]hĕt+ kŞfhĕt+ cfxf/+ OlƇoÆlƃ Od];+
kťƉlƕ j;]g cfutųf kŞfhĕtsańLsĕ/cfxf/¿khËljltlƇofg+ j;]gflk clŴkŝoá ux]tƑájflt co+ clŴkŝo] goá.
cųgá cgƃ/+ pƍşdfgfg+ c¿kwƙfg+ kjlųcásĕ;bfgj;]g pksĕ/sĕ ;dgƃ/lg?źf c¿kwƙf glŴkŝoá,
lgŹ];] kg æ;dgƃ/lg?źf lrųr]tl;sĕ wƙf k'ƍƉfg+ lrųr]tl;sĕg+ wƙfg+ glŴkŝo]g kŝoáÆlt Pj+ ;fdţtáj
lglŹŪá. ;Ƒyf cgƃ/kŝo;lb;tfo tŴ lglŹŪgo]g]j]Ŵ lj;];á `ftƑált co+ glŴkŝo] goá.
glŴkŝowƙfj ljutefj]g pksĕ/sųf ljutkŝoált ;x lgŹ];]g glŴkŝo;lb;ájflt.
cljutkŝoálk ;Ƒyf clŴkŝo;lb;áj, b];gfljnf;]g, j]g]Ɯj;]g jf co+ b's]ĕ j'ųált co+ cljutkŝo]
goá.
klsŰsljlgŞoá
Od];' kg rt'jL;ltof kŝo];' `f)rf/Ƨ lj;befjŴ+ _
wƙtá sĕntá r]j, PsƧfg]skŝof.
cg]s]þ;ť wƙfg+, PskŝoefjtáĶ
158
;efuf lj;efuf r, o'uńf hgsĕlbtá.
;ƑŪfgflbe]bf r, ¿kf¿kljsƍtá.
ejtá ;śxf `]Ɯá, klsŰsljlgŞoáĶ
tŴ wƙtált Od];' lx kŝo];' x]t'kŝoá tfj gfd¿kwƙ];' gfdwƙ]sb];á, tyf ;xhĕtflwkltsƙ´fgdƮkŝof,
tyf cf;]jgljkfskŝof, rt'ŋƈ;ślxtflk ljkfswƙf cgƃ/;dgƃ/kŞfhĕt;ƕo'ųglŴljutkŝof. lgƑfgƧ c;śxtá
gfd]sb];áltlk jų'+ jũlt. k'/]hĕtkŝoá ¿kwƙáj, ;];f oyfnfej;]g gfd¿kwƙf. tŴ r
cf/ƙ)flwkltcf/ƙ)"klgƧokst"klgƧo];' kţlųlk ;ślxtflt co+ wƙtá ljlgŞoá.
sĕntá kg x]t';xhĕtcţdţlgƧok'/]hĕtkŞfhĕtljkfscfxf/OlƇo´fgdƮ;ƕo'ųljƍo'ųclŴcljutkŝof kƉ/;
kŝ'ƍƉfj x'ŷf cųgá mþnƧ kŝof xálƃ, cgƃ/;dgƃ/cf;]jgglŴljutkŝof kť ctLtf Pj x'ŷf, sƙkŝoá kg]s]ĕ
kŝ'ƍƉálk ctLtálk x'ŷf, ;];f cf/ƙ)clwkltpklgƧokŝof toálk t]sĕlnsĕlk, lgƑfgkţlųj;]g sĕnljd'ųflk x'ŷf
cųgá mþnƧ kŝof xáƃLlt co+ sĕntá ljlgŞoá.
PsƧfg]skŝoflt PswƙƧ, PskŝoƧ r cg]skŝoefjtá. sy+Ġ x]t'kŝo] tfj cdáxá Ps]ĕ wƙá, ;á
k'/]hĕtsƙcfxf/´fgjşĕg+ jL;ltof kŝofg+ j;]g cg]skŝoá xált, x]t'kŝoų+ cljhxƃáj
clwklt;xhĕtcţdţlgƧoljkflslƇodƮ;ƕo'ųljƍo'ųclŴcljutfg+ cţ];+ Psĕb;Ɖ+ j;]g jf cg]skŝoá xált tyf
cnáefboá, t];' kg cnáefbá;f OlƇodƮkŝof g xálƃ, t] toá cljkfse"tf náebá;dáxf ljkfskŝoflk g xálƃ, t]
kg cdáxjlştf kť clwkltkŝof g xálƃ, tyf ;];flk cljkfse"tf.
cf/ƙ)kŝo] ¿kfotg+ rŋ'ljţf)wft'of cf/ƙ)k'/]hĕtclŴcljutfg+ rt'Ɖ+ j;]g cg]skŝoá xált, tyf
dgáwft'of, cx]t'sdgáljţf)wft'of r. ;x]t'sĕo kg cf/ƙ)flwkltcf/ƙ)"klgƧofglƕ j;]g, ;ŹfbL;'lk P;]j goá.
wƙfotg+ kg lgƧoljƍo'ųfg+ j;]gflk cg]skŝoá xált, tyf cf/ƙ)kŝoų+ cljhxƃáj
cf/ƙ)flwkltlgƧopklgƧok'/]hĕtljƍo'ųclŴcljutfg+ j;]g ck/];lƕ ;ųƉ+ j;]g cg]skŝoá xátLlt cod]Ŵ
pŊþŪkl/Ş]bá. tŴ c¿kfg+ kg ¿kfg+ jf ctLtfgfutfg+ cf/ƙ)kŝoefj] ;lt cf/ƙ)flwkltpklgƧodųd]j pųl/
nưlt.
clwkltkŝo] cf/ƙ)flwklt j'ųgoáj. ;xhĕtflwktL;' lrų+ x]t'k'/]hĕtsƙ´fgdƮjşĕg+ Ps"þgjL;ltof
kŝofg+ j;]g cg]skŝoá xált, clwkltkŝoų+ cljhxƃá ck/];+
;xhĕtcţdţlgƧoljkfsĕxfl/lƇo;ƕo'ųljƍo'ųclŴcljutfg+ b;Ɖ+ j;]g]j, tyf jLl/o+ cfxf/kŝojşĕg+
dƮkŝo;lxtfg+ j;]g, %Ɔá cfxfl/lƇojşĕg+ j;]g cg]skŝoá xált, jLd+;f x]t'kŝo] j'ųgofj.
cgƃ/kŝo] rt";' vƈ];' j]bgfŋƈá tfj x]t'k'/]hĕtsƙfxf/dƮkŝojşĕg+ Ps"þgjL;ltof j;]g ;ţfŋƈá t];'
OlƇo´fgjşĕg+ ;ų/;Ɖ+ j;]g, ;řf/ŋƈá x]t'k'/]hĕtslƙlƇo´fgdƮjşĕg+ cŪf/;Ɖ+ j;]g, tyf r]tgf sƙ;lxtfg+,
ljtŊþá x]t'k'/]hĕtsƙcfxfl/lƇojşĕg+ ´fgdƮ;lxtfg+, ljrf/á, kLlt r cfgƃl/ofg+ dƮjşĕg+, PsƮtf
x]t'k'/]hĕtsƙfxf/jşĕg+ jL;ltof kŝofg+ j;]g, ;źf, hËljltlƇoť cgƃ/fg+ x]t'k'/]hĕtsƙfxf/´fgdƮjşĕg+ cŪf/;Ɖ+,
;lt dƮ;lxtfg+ Ps"þgjL;ltof, lxl/cáųƍsĕokƧźflb%o'uf, o]jfkgs]þ;' clwdáŋdgl;sĕ/tŶdŢųtf, s?)fd'lbtf r
x]t'k'/]hĕtsƙfxf/´fgdlƮlƇojşĕg+ ;ų/;Ɖ+, lj/ltoá kg dƮ;lxtfg+ cŪf/;Ɖ+, ldŞflblŪ ttá ljkfsjşĕg+ ;ų/;Ɖ+
j;]g, ldŞfjfrfsƙƃfhËjf t]lx r]j sƙfxf/kŝo]lx rflt Ps"þgjL;ltof kŝofg+ j;]g, clxl/s+þ cgáųƍ+ dfgá lyg+ ldź+
pźŝlƃ Od] x]t'k'/]hĕtsƙljkfsĕxfl/lƇo´fgdƮjşĕg+ ;áń;Ɖ+, ljlrlsŞf OƧfdŞl/os'Ŋ'þŝflg ttá clwkltjşĕg+ kƉ/;Ɖ+
j;]g cg]skŝof xálƃ. cgƃ/kŝoų+ cljhxƃfg+ kg]t];+ ;dgƃ/pklgƧosƙglŴljutfg+ ck/];+ %Ɖ+ j;]g r.
ljţf)ŋƈƧ clwkltkŝo]g]j cg]skŝoefjá j]lbtƑá.
;xhĕtkŝo] dxfe"tflg cf/ƙ)cf/ƙ)flwklt;xhĕtcţdţlgƧopklgƧok'/]hĕtclŴcljutfg+ gjƉ+, xbojŴ'
t];ţ]j ljƍo'ų;lxtfg+ j;]g. lgƧokŝo] rŋĕotgfbLlg
cf/ƙ)cf/ƙ)flwkltlgƧopklgƧok'/]hĕtOlƇoljƍo'ųclŴcljutfg+ gjƉ+ j;]g. k'/]hĕtkŝo] ¿k;Źuƈ/;fotgfbLlg
cf/ƙ)cf/ƙ)flwkltpklgƧok'/]hĕtclŴcljutfg+ %Ɖ+ j;]g. cfxf/kŝo] cáhĕ
cf/ƙ)cf/ƙ)flwkltpklgƧofxf/clŴcljutfg+ %Ɖ+ kŝofg+ j;]g cg]swf kŝoá xált. t+t+kŝoų+ cljhxƃfg+ t];+
t];+ ;ƑŴ cf/ƙ)flwkltcgƃ/;dgƃ¿klgƧoflbkŝotf j'ųgo]g j]lbtƑf. ;];+ ;'ljţ]Ɯd]jflt co+ PsƧfg]skŝotá
ljlgŞoá.
cg]s]þ;ť wƙfg+, Pskŝoefjtált Pt];' lx &k]ŷf sƙkŝo+ ;];];' t]jL;ltof kŝo];' cg]s]þ cg]s]þ;+ wƙfg+
Pstá Ps]þs+þ kŝof xálƃ. sƙkŝoá kg r]tgf Pswƙájflt co+ cg]swƙfg+ Pskŝoefjtá ljlgŞoá.
;efuf lj;efuf rflt Pt];' lx cgƃ/;dgƃ/cgƃ¿klgƧof;]jgglŴljutkŝof ;efuf, tyf
cf/ƙ)cf/ƙ)flwkltcf/ƙ)"klgƧof. k'/]hĕtkŝoá kg]Ŵ kŞfhĕt]g lj;ef±uëf, tyf ;ƕo'ųá ljƍo'ų]g, clŴ glŴgf,
ljutá cljut]gflt co+ ;efulj;efutá ljlgŞoá.
o'uńflt PŴ cŴ;l/ŋtfo ;Ź;l/ŋtfo sĕnklkŋtfo x]t'mþntfo cţdţklkŋtfoflt Od]lx sĕ/±)ëlx
o'uń+ j]lbtƑ+. cgƃ/;dgƃ/f lx cŴ;l/ŋtfo Ps+þ o'uń+ gfd. lgƧo"klgƧof ;Ź;l/ŋtfo, k'/]hĕtkŞfhĕtf
sĕnklkŋtfo, sƙljkfsĕ x]t'mþntfo, ;ƕo'ųljƍo'ųf cţdţklkŋtfo Ps+þ o'uń+, tyf clŴglŴkŝof,
ljutcljutkŝoflt co+ o'uńtá ljlgŞoá.
hgsĕlbtált hgs]ĕkŴƘstá. Pt];' lx cgƃ/;dgƃ¿klgƧokst"klgƧof;]jgkŝof, gfgŋl)s]ĕ sƙkŝoá,
glŴljutkŝof rflt Od] hgsĕ Pj, g pkŴƘsĕ. kŞfhĕtkŝoá pkŴƘs]ĕ Pj, g hgs]ĕ. ;];f hgsĕ r]j pkŴƘsĕ
159
rflt co+ hgsĕlbtá ljlgŞoá.
;ƑŪfgflbe]bflt ;ƑŪflgsc;ƑŪflgse]btá. Pt];' lx ;xhĕtlgƧoclŴcljutkŝof ;ƑŪflgsĕ. ;Ƒ];'
kŝo'ƍƉ];' OlŞtƑf. Pt]lx ljgf pƍşdfgá Pswƙálk glŴ. ;];f c;ƑŪflgsĕ. tŴ r
cf/ƙ)cf/ƙ)flwkltcgƃ/;dgƃ/fgƃ¿klgƧokst"klgƧok'/]hĕtf;]jg;ƕo'ų clŴglŴljutkŝof c¿kwƙfgţ]j
sĕ/)tá c;ƑŪflgsĕ. tyf kŞfhĕtkŝoá ¿kfgţ]j sĕ/)tá, ;];f Psŝfg+ ¿kf¿kwƙfg+ sĕ/)tá c;ƑŪflgsĕ. co+
;ƑŪfgflbe]btá ljlgŞoá.
¿kf¿kljsƍtált ¿k+ ¿kƧ, ¿k+ c¿kƧfltcflb ljsƍtá. Pt];' lx Ps]ĕlk kŝoá ¿kd]j x'ŷf ¿kƧ]j
kŝoá ejƃá gfd glŴ, ¿kd]j kg c¿kƧ]j clŴ, ;á k'/]hĕtkŝoá Ps]ĕ Pj. ¿kd]j x'ŷf ¿kf¿kƧ]j kŝoá gfdfltlk
glŴ, c¿kd]j x'ŷf c¿kƧ]j kŝoálk clŴ, ;á cgƃ/;dgƃ/cf;]jg;ƕo'ųglŴljutj;]g %lƑ±wëf. c¿kd]j kg
¿kƧ]j kŝoálk clŴ, ;á kŞfhĕtkŝoá Ps]ĕ Pj. c¿kd]j x'ŷf ¿kf¿kfglƕ clŴ, ;á x]t'sƙljkfs´fgdƮj;]g
kťlj±wëf. ¿kf¿kkţlų x'ŷf c¿kƧ]j kŝoálk clŴ, ;á cf/ƙ)pklgƧoj;]g b'lj±wëf. ¿kf¿k+ kg ¿kf¿kƧflk
clŴ, ;á clwklt;xhĕtcţdţlgƧofxfl/lƇoljƍo'ųclŴcljutj;]g gjlj±wëflt co+ ¿kf¿kljsƍtá ljlgŞoá.
ejtált Od];' lx kŝo];' kťjásĕ/ej] tfj g s]ĕlr kŝoá g nưlt gfd, ;Ƒ]lk nưlƃ. rt'jásĕ/ej] kg
k'/]hĕtkŞfhĕtljƍo'ųkŝo] ckg]ŷf ;];f PsjL;ltd]j. Psjásĕ/ej] ;xhĕtcţdţlgƧoslƙlƇoclŴcljutj;]g
;ų]j. aflx/] kg clglƇoaź¿k] t];' slƙlƇojşĕ kť]j nưƃLlt co+ ejtá ljlgŞoá.
;śxflt ;Ƒ]lk lx Od] rt'jL;lt kŝof cf/ƙ);xhĕtpklgƧok'/]hĕtkŞfhĕtsƙfxfl/lƇo];' cŪ;' r kŝo];'
;śx+ uŞlƃ. sy+Ġ t];' lx x]t'cţdţljkfs´fgdƮ;ƕo'ųkŝof % ;xhĕtkŝo] ;śx+ uŞlƃ.
cgƃ/;dgƃ/f;]jgglŴljutkŝof kť cgƃ¿klgƧo] pklgƧokŝo]. lgƧokŝoá ;xhĕtk'/]hĕte]btá b'lj±wëf. tŴ
;xhĕtá ;xhĕtkŝo], k'/]hĕtá k'/]hĕtkŝo]. clwkltkŝoálk cf/ƙ)e"tá cf/ƙ)"klgƧo], ;xhĕte"tá ;xhĕtkŝo].
ljƍo'ųkŝoálk ;xhĕtk'/]hĕtkŞfhĕte"ttfo tŴ tŴ ;śx+ uŞlt. clŴcljutkŝoflk
;xhĕtk'/]hĕtkŞfhĕtfxfl/lƇoe"ttfo tŴ tŴ kŝo];' ;śx+ uŞlƃ. Pj+ Od];' kŝo];' ;Ƒkŝofg+ ;śxá j]lbtƑá.
t]g]j ltskŪfgkflńo+ kŝgLogo] Od];+ cŪƉ+ kŝofg+ j;]g]j sltkokŤf ljƧlştf. Od];+ kg cŪƉlƕ cţdţ;śxálk
clŴo]j. t];' lx cf/ƙ)kŝoá clwklte"tá pklgƧo] cglwklte"tá g sŴrLlt cf/ƙ)kŝoá x'ŷf lj;'ţ]j ltŪlt.
sƙkŝoálk ;xhĕtá ;xhĕt]. gfgŋl)s]ĕ kg anjf ljkfswƙfg+ pklgƧoá xátLlt pklgƧokŝo] ;śx+ uŞlt.
anjflk kg sƙh¿kfg+, b'Ƒná c¿kfg+ gfgŋl)ssƙkŝoá x'ŷf lj;'ţ]j ltŪlt. cfxf/kŝoálk c¿ke"tá ;xhĕt],
¿ke"tá g sŴrLlt lj;'ţ]j ltŪlt, OlƇokŝoálk c¿ke"tá ;xhĕt], k;flblƇof k'/]hĕt], ¿khËljltlƇo+ g sŴlr ;śx+
uŞtLlt OlƇokŝoá x'ŷf lj;'ţ]j ltŪtLlt Pjd]j+ cţdţ;śxálk cŴ]j. ;Ƒ]lk kg]t] rt'jL;lt kŝof
cf/ƙ)pklgƧosƙclŴkŝo];' rt";'lk ;śx+ uŞƃLlt co+ ;śxtá ljlgŞoá. co+ cg'ųfgkbŴ;lxtá ;ř]kŴljlgŞoá.
klsŰsljlgŞoá lglŪtá.
ljeśgo] kg]Ŵ kflńjjŴfg+ tfj ;ř]ktá Pj+ j]lbtƑ+. kŪfgkflńo+ lx æx]t'kŝoá»k]0 cljutkŝoáÆlt
kŝokbflg dfltsĕj;]g lglŋlkŷf t];+ kŝofg+ _ æx]t" x]t';ƕo'ųsĕg+ wƙfg+ t+;d'Ūfgfgť ¿kfg+ x]t'kŝo]g
kŝoáÆltcflbgf go]g kŝoefhgLo;řftá lgŹ];jf/á k&d+ j'ųá. ;álk r cgƃ/;ř]kŴljlgŞoá tŴ tŴ blƧtá Pj.
tbgƃ/+ t];+ rt'jL;ltof kŝofg+ s';nlųsĕboá ƀfjL;ltlts]þ, x]t'b'sĕboá ;t+ b's]þ r lgƧfo gfgfgotá ljehgj;]g
rt'jL;lt;dƃkŪfg;dáwfg+ cgƃgo;dƃkŪfg+ ljeų+. sy+Ġ rt'lƑw+ lx kŪfg+ _ cg'nádkŪfg+, kŝgLskŪfg+,
cg'nádkŝgLskŪfg+, kŝgLsĕg'nádkŪfglƃ. tŴ æs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝofÆltcflbgf, æx]t'+
wƙ+ klŝ x]t'wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝofÆltcflbgf s';nfbLg+, x]t'cfbLgť wƙfg+ cg'nádj;]g kjų+ cg'nádkŪfg+ gfd.
ægs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ gs';ná wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝof»k]0 gx]t'+ wƙ+ klŝ gx]t'wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝofÆltcflbgf
s';nfbLg+, x]t'cfbLgť wƙfg+ kŝgLsj;]g kjų+ kŝgLskŪfg+ gfd. æs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ gs';ná wƙá pƍşlt
x]t'kŝof»k]0 x]t'+ wƙ+ klŝ gx]t'wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝofÆltcflbgf kjų+ cg'nádkŝgLskŪfg+ gfd ægs';n+ wƙ+
klŝ s';ná wƙá»k]0 gx]t'+ wƙ+ klŝ x]t'wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝofÆltcflbgf kjų+ kŝgLsĕg'nádkŪfg+ gfd.
Pjd]t];' rt";' kŪfg];' o+ wƙ+ cg'nádkŪfg+ gfd, t+ tfj %lƑw+ xált _ ltskŪfg+ b'skŪfg+ b'sltskŪfg+
ltsb'skŪfg+ ltsltskŪfg+ b'sb'skŪfglƃ. oyf r]t+, Pj+ kŝgLskŪfgfbLlglk tLl) tLl) kŝ]slƃ
rt'jL;lt;dƃkŪfg;dáwfg+ kŪfgƍs/)+ j]lbtƑ+. ;ƙf;Ɨ'ź]g lx cg'nádkŪfg] ƀfjL;ltlts]þ lgƧfo ltskŪfg+ gfd
lglŹŪ+. ;t+ b's]þ lgƧfo b'skŪfg+ gfd. ttá lts]þ b's]þ;' klŋlkŷf b'sltskŪfg+ gfd. ttá b's]þ lts]þ;' klŋlkŷf
ltsb'skŪfg+ gfd. lts]þ kg lts]þ;'o]j klŋlkŷf ltsltskŪfg+ gfd. b's]þ r b's]þ;' Pj klŋlkŷf b'sb'skŪfg+ gfd
lglŹŪ+. k&d+ tfj]Ŵ cg'nádkŪfg] ltskŪfggoá lglŹŪá. Pj+ kŝgLskŪfg], cg'nádkŝgLskŪfg],
kŝgLsĕg'nádkŪfg]lt rt'jL;lt;dƃkŪfg+ b]l;t+.
PŴ r b'ljw+ cg'nád+, kŝgLsť wƙfg'nád+ wƙkŝgLs+þ, kŝofg'nád+ kŝokŝgLslƃ. tŴ æs';n+ wƙ+
klŝ s';ná wƙáÆltcflbgf s';nfbLg+ ltswƙfg+, x]t'cfbLg+ b'swƙfgť cg'nádb];gfj;]g wƙfg'nád+ j]lbtƑ+.
ægs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ gs';ná wƙáÆltcflbgf ltsb'swƙfg+ kŝgLsj;]g wƙkŝgLs+þ j]lbtƑ+. æx]t'kŝof
cf/ƙ)kŝofÆlt Pj+ rt'jL;ltof kŝofg+ cg'nádb];gfj;]g kŝofg'nád+ j]lbtƑ+. ægx]t'kŝof gf/ƙ)kŝofÆlt Pj+
kŝofg+ kŝgLsj;]g kŝokŝgLsť j]lbtƑ+. tŶ olbb+ wƙfg'nád+ wƙkŝgLsť, tƧ j;]g rt'jL;lt;dƃkŪfg+
j]lbtƑ+. kŝofg'nád+ kŝokŝgLsť cg'nádltskŪfgfbL;' rt'jL;ltof kŪfg];' Ps]þsltsb's]þ;' Pj+ nưlt. tť pkl/
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kflńgobƧg] Pj kfs+ eljƧlt. tlŶdflg rt'jL;lt kŪfgflg Od];+ ltsb'sĕg+ j;]g lglŹŪųf ltskŪfg+»k]0
b'sb'skŪfglƃ j'ŝlt.
t];' ltsb's]þ;' Ps]þs+þ ltsb's+þ Od];+ x]t'kŝofbLg+ rt'jL;ltof kŝofg+ cg'nádflbgort'Ŋþj;]g ;ųlx ;ųlx
dxfjf/]lx ljŴf/tá ljeų+. std]lx ;ųlxĠ klŝjf/á ;xhĕtjf/á kŝojf/á lgƧojf/á ;+;Ūjf/á ;ƕo'ųjf/á
kŤfjf/ált Od]lx tŴ æs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná wƙáÆltcflbgf klŝflewfg]g j'ųá klŝjf/á gfd. æs';n+ wƙ+
;xhĕtá, s';n+ wƙ+ kŝof, s';n+ wƙ+ lgƧfo, s';n+ wƙ+ ;+;Ūá, s';n+ wƙ+ ;ƕo'ųáÆlt Pj+ ;xhĕtflbclewfg]lx j'ųf
kť jf/f ;xhĕtflbjf/flg. k/tá r ;+;Ū;ƕo'ųjf/];' ƀL;' c¿kwƙj;]g]j kŝokŝo'ƍƉf r, ;];];' rt";' jf/];',
;ųd]j kŤfjf/] r ¿kf¿kj;]g, kŝojf/], lgƧojf/] r ;xhĕtkŞfhĕtk'/]hĕtj;]g, ;];];' ;xhĕtj;]g kŝokŝo'ƍƉf
r slytflt co+ lj;];á. ;ųdjf/] kg oƨf æs';ná wƙá s';nƧ wƙƧ x]t'kŝo]g kŝoáÆltcflbgf go]g t] t] kŤ]
pźl/ŷf k'g æs';nf x]t" ;ƕo'ųsĕg+ vƈfgÆlƃcflbgf go]g ;Ƒ]lk t] kŤf lgşf, lgƮ'Ɨf r sŷf ljeųf, tƨf ;á jf/á
kŤfg+ ;fw's+þ ljeųųf kŤfjf/áŷ]j ;ř+ utá. Olt Od]lx ;ųlx dxfjf/]lx rt'jL;ltof ;dƃkŪfg];' ;Ƒ]lk ltsb'sĕ
rt'jL;ltof kŝofg+ cg'nádflbj;]g ljŴf/tá ljeųf. sy+Ġ cg'nádkŪfg] lx olbb+ ƀfjL;ltlts]þ lgƧfo ltskŪfg+
gfd ;Ƒk&d+ lglŹŪ+. tŴ s';nlųs+þ tfj Od]lx klŝjf/fbLlx dxfjf/]lx kŝofg'nádflbgort'Ŋþtá ljeų+. tŴ oá
tfj]; ;Ƒk&dá klŝjf/á gfd, ;á pŹ];lgŹ];tá b'lj±wëf xált.
tŴ pŹ];jf/á s';nfboá klŝ x]t'kŝoflbj;]g s';nfbLg+ o'ųfg+, cs';nfbLg+ co'ųsĕgť wƙfg+
pƍlųk'Şgj;]g]j kjųųf æk'Şfjf/áÆltlk, k'Şfgţ]j kţfkgtá ækŰlųjf/áÆltlk j'ŝlt. g lx tŴ ljƧşg+ clŴ.
lgŹ];jf/á kg k'Şfjf/] kl/k'lŞt];' kŤ];' æl;of cs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ cs';ná wƙá pƍş]ƜfÆltcflbs+þ co'ų+ kŤ+
cg'źl/ŷf nưdfgfgţ]j kŤfg+ j;]g kjųá. Ot/];' kg ;xhĕtfbL;', ;];];' r lts]þ;', ;];kŪfg];' r ;ƑŴ k'Şfjf/á
glŴ, nưdfgj;]g ;ƑljƧşgd]j blƧtlƃ Obd]Ŵ ;ř]ktá kflńjjŴfg+.
Obflg kg]Ŵ cflbtá kŪfo Pj+ ljeśgoá j]lbtƑá. cg'nádkŪfglƨlŤ ltskŪfg] s';nlųsƧ ;ų;'
dxfjf/];' k&dƧ klŝjf/Ƨ k'Şfjf/] tfj _ æl;of s';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná wƙá pƍş]Ɯ x]t'kŝof»k]0 cs';ná
wƙá»k]0 cƓfstá»k]0 s';ná r cƓfstá r»k]0 cs';ná r cƓfstá r»k]0 s';ná r cs';ná r»k]0 s';ná r
cs';ná r cƓfstá r wƙf pƍş]Ɯ'+ x]t'kŝofÆlt s';nkbd"nf ;ų k'Şf pźf.
Pj+ cs';nkbd"nf, cƓfstkbd"nf r. æl;of s';nť cƓfstť wƙ+ klŝ cs';ná»k]0 l;of cs';nť
cƓfstť»k]0 l;of s';nť cs';nť»k]0 l;of s';nť cs';nť cƓfstť wƙ+ klŝfÆlt lƀd"nsĕ, ltd"nsĕ r ;ų
;ų k'Şflt Ps"þgkţf; k'Şf x]t'kŝod"nsĕ pźf.
Oldgfj go]g æl;of s';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná wƙá pƍş]Ɯ cf/ƙ)kŝof»k]0 cljutkŝofÆlt Pj+
;];kŝod"nsĕlk k'Şfj]lbtƑf. Psd"nsgoá.
oyf r Psd"ns]þ, Pj+ æl;of s';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná wƙá pƍş]Ɯ x]t'kŝof cf/ƙ)kŝof»k]0 x]t'kŝof
cljutkŝofÆltcflbgf lƀd"ns]þlk. æx]t'kŝof cf/ƙ)kŝof clwkltkŝof»k]0 x]t'kŝof cf/ƙ)kŝof
cgƃ/kŝof»k]0 x]t'kŝof cf/ƙ)kŝof cljutkŝofÆltcflbgf ltd"nsĕbL;' ;Ƒd"nskl/oá;fg];' jf/];' gof
j]lbtƑf. x]t'kŝod"nsgoá.
oyf r x]t'd"ns]þ, Pj+ æl;of s';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná wƙá pƍş]Ɯ cf/ƙ)kŝofÆltcflbgf ;];kŝod"ns]þ;'lk
goá `ftƑá. kŝofg'nádjf/á. Pt]g]j pkfo]g æl;of s';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná wƙá pƍş]Ɯ gx]t'kŝofÆltcflbgf
;Ƒƍsĕ/o'ųá kŝokŝgLsjf/álk. æl;of s';n+ wƙ+»k]0 pƍşlt x]t'kŝof gf/ƙ)kŝofÆltcflbgf
cg'nádkŝgLskŝojf/álk. æl;of s';n+ wƙ+»k]0 pƍş]Ɯ gx]t'kŝof cf/ƙ)kŝofÆltcflbgf kŝgLofg'nádjf/álk
;ƑŴ g]tƑált co+ tfj]Ŵ k'Şfjf/] goá.
lgŹ];jf/á kg pŹ];jf/] blƧtf;' k'Şf;' s';nfs';nfbLg+ ;x'ƍlųof cefjtá of Ptf æs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ
s';ná wƙá pƍştLÆltcflbsĕ k'Şf ;Ƒ;á ljƧşg+ nelƃ, tf kxfo of ljƧşg+ nelƃ, tf;d]j ljƧşgj;]g kjųá.
tŶfo+ goá _ æs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝof. s';n+ Ps+þ vƈ+ klŝ toá vƈf. toá vƈ] klŝ Ps]ĕ
vƈá. ƀ] vƈ] klŝ ƀ] vƈf. s';n+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝof. s';n] vƈ] klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+.
s';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná r cƓfstá r wƙf pƍşlƃ x]tk' ŝof. s';n+ Ps+þ vƈ+ klŝ toá vƈf lrų;d'Ūfgť ¿k+.
toá vƈ] klŝ Ps]ĕ vƈá lrų;d'Ūfgť ¿k+. ƀ] vƈ] klŝ ƀ] vƈf lrų;d'Ūfgť ¿kÆlƃ Pj+ s';nkbd"nf;' ;ų;'
k'Şf;' ltƧáj nưdfgf ljƧlştf. tyf cs';nkbd"nf;'lk ltƧáj. cƓfstkbd"nf;' kg æcƓfst+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá
wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝof. ljkfsĕƓfst+ lsl/ofƓfst+ Ps+þ vƈ+ klŝ toá vƈf lrų;d'Ūfgť ¿k+»k]0 ƀ] vƈ] klŝ ƀ]
vƈf lrų;d'Ūfgť ¿k+. kl;lƈŋ±)ë ljkfsĕƓfst+ Ps+þ vƈ+ klŝ toá vƈf sųf r ¿k+»k]0 ƀ] vƈf sųf r ¿k+.
vƈ] klŝ jŴ', jŴ'+ klŝ vƈf. Ps+þ dxfe"t+ klŝ toá dxfe"tf»k]0 ƀ] dxfe"t] klŝ ƀ] dxfe"tf. dxfe"t]
klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+ sųf¿k+ pkfbf¿kÆlƃ Psĕj. lƀd"lnsĕbL;' r æs';nť cƓfstť wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá wƙá
pƍşlt x]t'kŝof. s';n] vƈ] r dxfe"t] r klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿kÆlƃ Psĕ. tyf æcs';nť cƓfstť klŝfÆlt, Pj+
x]t'kŝod"lnsĕ;' Ps"þgkţf;fo k'Şf;' gj]j nưdfgf ljƧlştf. ;];f rųfnL; dá#k'Şflt g ljƧlştf. Pj+ pkl/
cf/ƙ)kŝofbL;' ljƧlştfj;];f dá#k'Şflt ux]tƑf. ljhĕgg;'vŴ+ kg eujtf k'Şfjf/] nưdfgf, cnưdfgf r ;Ƒflk
tf blƧtflt j]lbtƑflt.
tŴ s';n+ wƙ+ klŝflt ;xhĕt];' j]bgfŋƈflbe]b+ Ps+þ s';n+ wƙ+ klŝ kluƄf, ;x'ƍlų;řft]g ;lb;efj]g
kŷflt cŴá. ;lb;Ŵá lx PŴ kl;Źá æklk'ƮnáÆltcfbL;' ljo. s';ná wƙált ;ţfŋƈflbe]bá ;x'ƍƉá s';ná
161
wƙá. pƍştLlt kfsefjtá pź+ pƍfbfƸb kfk')flt, cųfg+ jf klnelt. x]t'kŝoflt g s]þjn+ s';nwƙdųd]j
klŝ pƍşlt, cy ±vëf s';nx]t'gf x]t'kŝot+ ;f±wëƃ]g r pƍştLlt PjdŴá ux]tƑá.
Pjldb+ æpƍş]ƜfÆlt k'Şfo æpƍştLÆlt clj;];]g ljƧşg+ jŷf Obflg o+ wƙ+ klŝ o] wƙf pƍşlƃ, t]
kŝokŝo'ƍƉ] vƈj;]g lj;];ŷ] f bƧ]t'+ æs';n+ Ps+þ vƈÆlƃcflb j'ų+. oƨf kg]Ŵ Ps]ĕ vƈá PsƧ]j, lƀƉ+o]j jf, ƀ] jf
kg PsƧ]j kŝof gfd g xálƃ, tƨf t] ksĕ/]g cgfdl;ŷf æPs+þ vƈ+ klŝ toá vƈfÆltcflbgf kŝoefj]g ulxtfj;];+
;Ƒ+ kŝo'ƍƉ+ sŷf blƧtlƃ j]lbtƑ+. Pj+ pkl/lk ;ƑŴ. lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿klƃ Ob+ klŝŴƧ ;xhĕtŴųf o+ s';n]g
;xhĕtť]j x]t'kŝoť nelt, t+ bƧ]t'+ j'ų+ æljkfsĕƓfst+ lsl/ofƓfstÆlƃ. PŴ x]t'kŝoflwsĕ/] cx]t'sĕ g ux]tƑf.
vƈ] klŝ jŴ"ltcflb sųf¿kƮx±)ëg jŴ'Ƹƨ ulxt]lk jŴ'+ klŝ c¿kŋƈfg+ pƍlųbƧgŴ+ j'ų+. Ps+þ dxfe"tlƃcflb kg
¿kfƓfst+ klŝ ¿kfƓfstƧ pƍlųbƧgŴ+. x]t'kŝo] pkŴƘsĕgd]j r]Ŵ lrųhĕg+, kl;lƈo+ sƙhĕgť cţdţ+
kŝokŝo'ƍƉtf ux]tƑf, g cx]t'slrųhpt'hĕbLg+ t];+ x]t'kŝof pƍlųof cefjtá. dxfe"t] klŝ lrų;d'Ūfglƃcflb
dxfe"t] klŝ pkfbfbLg+ pƍlųbƧgŴ+ j'ų+. Oldgf pkfo]g cf/ƙ)kŝofbL;'lk ljƧşgfg+ cŴá j]lbtƑá.
cf/ƙ)kŝo] æs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná wƙá pƍşlt cf/ƙ)kŝof. Ps+þ vƈ+»k]0 ƀ] vƈ] klŝ ƀ] vƈf.
cs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ cs';ná wƙá»k]0 cƓfst+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá wƙá pƍşlt cf/ƙ)kŝof. ljkfsĕƓfst+
lsl/ofƓfst+ Ps+þ vƈ+»k]0 ƀ] vƈf. kl;lƈŋ±)ë ljkfsĕƓfst+ Ps+þ vƈ+»k]0 ƀ] vƈf. jŴ'+ klŝ vƈfÆlt Pj+ ltƧá
ljƧlştf. ;];f ¿kldƧsųf, ¿kƧ r cf/ƙ)kŝo]g cg'ƍlųtá g ulxtf. t]g]j æjŴ'+ klŝ vƈfÆlt jŷf ævƈ]
klŝ jŴ"Ælt g j'ų+. PŴ r cf/ƙ)kŝoflt ;xhĕt+ s';n+ wƙ+ klŝ pƍşdfgá s';ná wƙá ttá cţ]g c;xhĕt]g
%lƑ±wëg cf/ƙ)e"t]g kŝo]gflt Pj+ cŴá ux]tƑá. g lx cųgf ;xhĕt+ cf/ƙ)+ sŷf lrųr]tl;sĕ pƍşlƃ.
clwkltkŝo] x]t'kŝo;lb;+ ljƧşg+. cgƃ/;dgƃ/];' kg ¿kfefjtá cf/ƙ)kŝo;lb;+. ;xhĕtkŝo]lk
x]t'kŝo;lb;+. cƓfst+ klŝ cƓfst'ƍlųof kg æaflx/+ Ps+þ dxfe"t+ klŝ»k]0 ƀ] dxfe"tf. dxfe"t] klŝ
pkfbf¿k+»k]0 cfxf/;d'Ūfg+ Ps+þ dxfe"t+»k]0 ƀ] dxfe"tf»k]0 pt';d'Ūfg+ Ps+þ»k]0 ƀ] dxfe"tf»k]0 c;ţ;ųfg+
Ps+þ dxfe"t+ klŝ»k]0 ƀ] dxfe"tf»k]0 sųf¿k+ pkfbf¿kÆlƃ Ob+ clws+þ. Pj+ cţdţkŝo]lk. s]þjn+ tŴ
sųf¿k+ pkfbf¿kť g ulxt+ t];+ cţdţkŝoųfefjf. lgƧokŝo]lk ;xhĕtkŝo;lb;+ ljƧşg+. klŝŴƧ kg
;xhĕtŴųf rŋĕbL;' k'/]hĕtlgƧof Ow g ulxtflt. pklgƧokŝo]lk ¿kƧ pklgƧokŝo'ƍƉųfefjf
cf/ƙ)kŝo;lb;d]j ljƧşg+.
k'/]hĕtkŝo] kg æs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná wƙá pƍşlt k'/]hĕtkŝof. s';n+ Ps+þ»k]0 ƀ] vƈf. jŴ'+
k'/]hĕtkŝof. cs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ cs';ná»k]0 cƓfst+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 k'/]hĕtkŝof. ljkfsĕƓfst+
lsl/ofƓfst+ Ps+þ vƈ+»k]0 ƀ] vƈf. jŴ'+ k'/]hĕtkŝofÆlt Pj+ ltƧá k'Şf ljƧlştf. tŴ jŴ'+ k'/]hĕtkŝoflt Ob+
cf/ƙ)k'/]hĕtlgjųgŴ+ j'ų. + t+ lx rŋ'ljţf)fbLg+o]j k'/]hĕtkŝot+ ;fwolt, g dgáljţf)wft'oflt Ow g ulxt+.
kŞfhĕtkŝoá Ow c¿kwƙ];' g nưlt. ¿kwƙ];' r pkŴƘs]ĕj, g hgs]ĕ, tƨf æcƓfst+ wƙ+ klŝ
cƓfstá wƙá pƍştLÆltcflb g jųƑájflt co+ g ulxtá. cf;]jgkŝo]lk cf/ƙ)kŝo] ljo ltƧáj k'Şf ljƧlştf.
sƙkŝo] æs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná wƙá pƍşlt sƙkŝof. s';n+ Ps+þ vƈ+»k]0 cƓfstá wƙá
pƍşlt»k]0 lrų;d'Ūfgť ¿k+»k]0 s';ná r cƓfstá r wƙf»k]0 lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿kÆlƃ s';nkb] ltƧá, tyf
cs';nkb]. cƓfstkb] kg æcƓfst+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 ljkfsĕƓfst+ lsl/ofƓfst+ Ps+þ vƈ+ klŝ»k]0 dxfe"t]
klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+ sųf¿k+ pkfbf¿k+, c;ţ;ųfg+»k]0 sųf¿k+ pkfbf¿kÆlƃ Pj+ ltƧá. æs';nť cƓfstť
wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 s';n] vƈ] r dxfe"t] r klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿kÆlƃcflbgf ;xhĕt;lb;+ ljƧşg+.
glŴljutkŝo];' cf/ƙ);lb;+.
Pj+ ;Ƒkŝo];' nưdfgkŤ] ljƧşg+ bƧ]ŷf ttá x]t'clwklt´fgdƮkŝof Ps;lb;f.
cf/ƙ)fgƃ/;dgƃ¿klgƧof;]jgglŴljutkŝof Ps;lb;f. ;xhĕtcţdţlgƧoclŴcljutf Ps;lb;f. cf;]jgkŝo]
ljkfs]ĕ g nưlt. cţdţkŝo] lrųh¿k+, pkfbf¿kť g nưtLltcflbgf kŝofg+ cţdţ;lb;ų+ jŷf k'g t];+ æx]t'of
gj. cf/ƙ±)ë tLl). clwkltof gj. cgƃ/;dgƃ/];' tLl). ;xhĕt] gj. cţdţ] tLl). lgƧo] gj.
pklgƧo] tLl). k'/]hĕt] tLl). cf;]jg] tLl). sƙ] gj. ljkfs]þ Ps+þ. cfxf/] gj. OlƇo] gj. ´fg] gj. d±Ʈë
gj. ;ƕo'ų] tLl). ljƍo'ų] gj. clŴof gj. glŴof tLl). ljut] tLl). cljut] gjfÆlt Pj+ x]t'kŝofbLg+
Ps]þsƸƨ k'ŞfljƧşgjf/u)gf j'ųflt co+ Psd"nsgoá.
oyf r Psd"ns]þ, Pj+ æx]t'kŝof cf/ƙ)kŝofÆltcflbgf lƀd"nsĕbL;'lk ;Ƒd"nskl/oá;fg];' oyfg'¿k+
goá g]tƑá. kflńolƕ ljŴf/go+ cbƧ]ŷf æx]t'kŝof cf/ƙ±)ë tL)LÆltcflbgf ljƧşgjf/u)ge]bá blƧtált co+
kŝofg'nád] goá.
kŝokŝgLo] kg æcs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ cs';ná wƙá pƍşlt gx]t'kŝof. ljlrlsŞf;xut] pźŝ;xut] vƈ]
klŝ ljlrlsŞf;xutá pźŝ;xutá dáxá. cƓfst+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá wƙá pƍşlt gx]t'kŝof. cx]t's+þ
ljkfsĕƓfst+ lsl/ofƓfst+ Ps+þ vƈ+»k]0 ƀ] vƈf lrų;d'Ūfgť ¿k+. cx]t'skl;lƈŋ±)ë ljkfsĕƓfst+ Ps+þ vƈ+»k]0 ƀ]
vƈf sųf r ¿k+»k]0 jŴ'+ klŝ vƈf. Ps+þ dxfe"t+ klŝ»k]0 dxfe"t] klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+, sųf¿k+
pkfbf¿k+»k]0 Ps+þ dxfe"t+ klŝ»k]0 pkfbf¿kÆlƃ Odf ƀ] ljƧlştf.
gf/ƙ)kŝo] æs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 s';n]»k]0 cs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 cs';n]»k]0
cƓfst+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 s';nť cƓfstť wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+, cs';nť cƓfstť wƙ+
klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 dxfe"t] klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿kÆlƃ Odf kť ljƧlştf.
162
gflwkltkŝo] æs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná»k]0 s';n+ Ps+þ vƈ+»k]0 ƀ] vƈf. s';n+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0
s';n] vƈ] klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+. s';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná r cƓfstá r wƙf pƍşlƃ»k]0 cs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ
cs';ná»k]0 ƀ] vƈ] klŝ ƀ] vƈf, cs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 cs';n] vƈ] klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+. cs';n+ wƙ+
klŝ cs';ná r cƓfstá r wƙf»k]0 cƓfst+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá »k]0 dxfe"t] klŝ»k]0 sųf¿k+ pkfbf¿k+.
s';nť cƓfstť wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 s';n] vƈ] r dxfe"t] r klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+. cs';nť cƓfstť wƙ+
klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 cs';n] vƈ] r dxfe"t] r klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿kÆlƃ gj k'Şf ljƧlştf. gfgƃ/g;dgƃ/kŝof
gf/ƙ)kŝo;lb;f.
gfţdţkŝo] æs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 s';n]»k]0 lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+. cs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ
cƓfstá»k]0 cs';n]»k]0 lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+. cƓfst+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 ljkfsĕƓfst] lsl/ofƓfst] vƈ] klŝ
lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+. kl;lƈŋ±)ë ljkfsĕƓfst]»k]0 sųf ¿k+. dxfe"t] klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+ sųf¿k+ pkfbf¿k+.
aflx/] dxfe"t] klŝ pkfbf¿k+. cfxf/;d'Ūfg] dxfe"t] klŝ pkfbf¿k+. pt';d'Ūfg]»k]0 pkfbf¿k+. c;ţ;ųfg+
dxfe"t] klŝ sųf¿k+ pkfbf¿k+. s';nť cƓfstť wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 s';n] vƈ] r dxfe"t] r klŝ
lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+. cs';nť cƓfstť wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 cs';n] vƈ] r dxfe"t] r klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿kÆlƃ
kť ljƧlştf. tŴ ljkfsĕƓfst] vƈ] klŝ sųf¿klƃ xbojŴ'jş+ j]lbtƑ+. gpklgƧokŝoá gf/ƙ)kŝo;lb;á.
gk'/]hĕtkŝo] æs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná»k]0 c¿k] s';n+»k]0 ƀ] vƈf. s';n+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0
lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿kÆlƃ s';nkb] ƀ], tyf cs';nkb]lk. æcƓfst+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 c¿k] ljkfsĕƓfst+
lsl/ofƓfst+»k]0 aflx/+»k]0 pkfbf¿k+. s';nť cƓfstť wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá. s';n] vƈ] r dxfe"t] r klŝ
lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+. cs';nť cƓfstť»k]0 cs';n] vƈ] r»k]0 ¿kÆlƃ Odf ltƧált ;ų ljƧlştf.
gkŞfhĕtgf;]jgkŝof gflwkltkŝo;lb;f. tŴ s';nfs';nlsl/ofg+ k&dhjgj;]g gf;]jgkŝoƍjlų j]lbtƑf.
gsƙkŝo] æs';n+ klŝ s';ná, s';nf r]tgf. cs';n+ klŝ cs';ná, cs';nf r]tgf. cƓfst+ klŝ
cƓfstá, ljkfslsl/of r]tgf. aflx/+, cfxf/;d'Ūfg+, pt';d'ŪfgÆlƃ ltƧá ljƧlştf.
gljkfskŝo] æs';n+ klŝ s';ná, cƓfstá. s';ná r cƓfstá rfÆlt s';nkb] ltƧá, tyf
cs';nkb]lk. æcƓfst+ klŝ cƓfstá»k]0 aflx/+ cfxf/;d'Ūfg+ pt';d'Ūfg+ c;ţ»k]0 pkfbf¿k+»k]0 cs';nť
cƓfstť cƓfstáÆlt Odf ltƧált gj ljƧlştf.
gfxf/kŝo] æcƓfst+ klŝ cƓfstá. aflx/+ pt';d'Ūfg+, c;ţ»k]0 pkfbf¿kÆlƃ Psĕj.
gOlƇokŝo] æcƓfst+ klŝ cƓfstá. aflx/+ cfxf/;d'Ūfg+»k]0 pt';d'Ūfg+»k]0 c;ţ;ųfg+ dxfe"t]
klŝ ¿khËljltlƇoÆlƃ Psĕj.
g´fgkŝo] æcƓfst+ klŝ cƓfstá. kťljţf);xut+»k]0 aflx/+ cfxf/pt'c;ţpkfbf¿kÆlƃ Psĕj.
gdƮkŝo] æcƓfst+ klŝ cƓfstá. cx]t's+þ ljkfsĕƓfst+ lsl/ofƓfst+»k]0 lrų;d'Ūfg+»k]0
cx]t'skl;lƈŋ±)ë ljkfsĕ»k]0 sųf r ¿k+»k]0 aflx/+ cfxf/pt'c;ţpkfbf¿kÆlƃ Psĕj.
g;ƕo'ųkŝoá gf/ƙ)kŝo;lb;á.
gljƍo'ųkŝo] æs';n+ klŝ s';ná. c¿k] s';náj. cs';n+»k]0 c¿k] cs';ná. cƓfst+ klŝ
cƓfstá, c¿k] ljkfslsl/ofƓfst+. aflx/+ c;ţ»k]0 pkfbf¿kÆlƃ Odf ltƧáj k'Şf ljƧlştf. gáglŴgáljutkŝof
gf/ƙ)kŝo;lb;f. g;xhĕtglgƧogáclŴgácljutkŝof kg]Ŵ rųf/álk g nưƃLlt.
Pj+ kŝgLs]þ nưdfgkŤljƧşg+ bƧ]ŷf ttá ægx]t'of ƀ]. gf/ƙ±)ë kť. gflwkltof gj. gfgƃ/]
g;dgƃ/] gfţdţ] gpklgƧo] kť. gk'/]hĕt] ;ų. gkŞfhĕt] gf;]jg] gj. gsƙ] tLl). gljkfs]þ gj. gfxf/]
gOlƇo] g´fg] gd±Ʈë Ps+þ. g;ƕo'ų] kť. gljƍo'ų] tLl). gáglŴgáljut];' kťfÆlt ljƧşgjf/u)gf j'ųflt co+
Psd"nsgoá.
Oldgfj go]g lƀd"nsĕbL;'lk oyfg'¿k+ goá g]tƑá, kflńo+ kg ægx]t'kŝof gf/ƙ±)ë PsÆlƃcflbgf
ljƧşgjf/u)gfj blƧtflt co+ kŝokŝgLogoá.
Oldgf j'ųfg';f/]g]j æs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝof gf/ƙ)kŝofÆltcflbgf
cg'nádkŝgLogo], æcs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ cs';ná wƙá pƍşlt gx]t'kŝof cf/ƙ)kŝofÆltcflbgf kŝgLofg'nádgo]
kŤljƧşggoá j]lbtƑá kflńo+ kg]Ŵ ljƧşgjf/u)gfj blƧtflt co+ cg'nádkŝgLos';nlųs]þ klŝjf/goá.
;xhĕtjf/fbL;'lk %jf/];' klŝjf/] j'ųfg';f/]g ;ƑŴ goá g]tƑá. o] kg tŴ tŴ kflńlj;];f, cŴlj;];f
r pknưlƃ, t] kŪfgkflńcŪsyf;' Pj ;Ƒfsĕ/tá ux]tƑf. Ow kg t] ;Ƒ] ;ř]kgotá blƧodfgflk uƅefl/o+
s/áƃLlt g blƧtf.
t];' kg jf/];' æs';n+ wƙ+ ;xhĕtá s';ná wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝof. s';n+ wƙ+ kŝof» s';n+ wƙ+ lgƧfo»
s';n+ wƙ+ ;+;Ūá» s';n+ wƙ+ ;ƕo'ųá s';ná wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝofÆlt Pj+ cflbtá kť;' jf/];' kflńult `ftƑf.
t];' r klŝ;xhĕtf PsŴf, kŝolgƧof PsŴf, ;+;Ū;ƕo'ųf PsŴf. tŴ æs';n+ wƙ+ ;xhĕtáÆltcfbL;' s';n+ wƙ+
klŝ t]g ;xhĕtá x'ŷfltcflbgf oyfg'¿k+ cŴá j]lbtƑá. klŞd] kg kŤfjf/] æs';ná wƙá s';nƧ wƙƧ x]t'kŝo]g
kŝoá. s';nf x]t" ;ƕo'ųsĕg+ vƈfg+ x]t'kŝo]g kŝoá. s';ná cƓfstƧ»k]0 s';nƧ r cƓfstƧ r»k]0 s';nf x]t"
;ƕo'ųsĕg+ vƈfg+ lrų;d'ŪfgfgťfÆltcflbgf x]t'kŝo],
æs';ná wƙá s';nƧ wƙƧ cf/ƙ)kŝo]g kŝoá. bfg+ bŷf ;Ln+ ;dflbloŷf pká;ysƙ+ sŷf t+ kŝj]ŋlt.
k'Ƒ] ;'lrŰflg»k]0 ´fgf j'Ūlxŷf ´fg+» ;]vf ±uëfŶe'+ jábfg+ dƮ+ kŝj]ŋlƃ. ;]vf jf k'y'şgf jf s';n+ clgŝtá b'ŋtá
163
cgųtá ljkƧlƃ. r]tákl/o`f±)ëg s';nlrų;dlśƧ lrų+ hĕglƃ cfsĕ;fgťfotgs';n+ ljţf)ťfotgs';nƧ
cf/ƙ)kŝo]g kŝoá. cflsťţfotgs';n+ g]j;ţfgf;ţfotgs';nƧ» s';nf vƈf Olźljw`f)Ƨ
r]tákl/ok'Ƒ]lgjf;oyfsƙ"kucgfut+;`f)Ƨ cf/ƙ)kŝo]g kŝoá.
s';ná cs';nƧ»k]0 bfg+ bŷf»k]0 sŷf t+ cƧfb]lt clegƆlt. t+ cf/ư /f±uëf pƍşlt. lblŪ
ljlrlsŞf pźŝ+ bádgƧ+ pƍşlt. k'Ƒ] ;'lrŰflg cƧfb]lt »k]0 bádgƧ+ pƍşlt. ´fgf j'Ūlxŷf ´fg+ cƧfb]lt»k]0
pźŝ+ pƍşlt. ´fg] kl/xLg] ljƍl;fl/Ƨ bádgƧ+ pƍşlt.
s';ná cƓfstƧ»k]0 kŝoá. c/xf dƮ+ kŝj]ŋlt. k'Ƒ] ;'lrŰflg» s';n»k]0 ljkƧlt»k]0 ljkfs]ĕ
tbf/ƙ)tf pƍşlt. cfsĕ;fgťfotgs';n+ ljţf)ťfotgljkfsƧ»k]0 lsl/oƧ. cflsťţfotg»k]0 ljkfsƧ r
lsl/oƧ r. s';nf vƈf r]tákl/o»k]0 cgfut+;`f)Ƨ cfjşgfo.
cs';ná cs';nƧ»k]0 kŝoá. /fu+ cƧfb]lt»k]0 pźŝ+ pƍşlt. cs';ná s';nƧ»k]0 kŝoá. ;]vf
kxLg] lsn];]»k]0 cgfut+;`f)Ƨ. cs';ná cƓfstƧ» c/xf kxLg] lsn];]»k]0 cfjşgfo.
cƓfstá cƓfstƧ» c/xf mþn+ kŝj]ŋlt. lgƑfg+, rŋ'+»k]0 mþáŪƑ+ ljkƧlt. lbƑ]g rŋ'gf ¿k+
kƧlt»k]0 cflsťţfotglsl/o+»k]0 lsl/oƧ. ¿kfotg+ rŋ'ljţf)Ƨ»k]0 cfjşgfo. cƓfstá s';nƧ» ;]vf
mþn+»k]0 cgfut+;`f)Ƨ. cƓfstá cs';nƧ» rŋ'+ cƧfb]tLÆltcflbgf cf/ƙ)kŝo] r,
æs';ná s';nƧ clwkltkŝo]g kŝoá. cf/ƙ)flwklt, ;xhĕtflwklt. cf/ƙ)flwklt _ bfg+
bŷfÆltcflbgf clwkltkŝo] r,
æs';ná s';nƧ cgƃ/kŝo]g kŝoáÆltcflbgf ljŴf/tá cgƃ/;dgƃ/;xhĕtcţdţlgƧokŝo];' r,
æs';ná s';nƧ pklgƧokŝo]g kŝoá. cf/ƙ)"klgƧoá cgƃ¿klgƧoá kst"klgƧoá. cf/ƙ)"klgƧoá _
bfg+ bŷfÆltcflbgf cf/ƙ)kŝo] j'ųgo]g, æcgƃ¿klgƧoá _ k'l/df k'l/df s';nf vƈf klŞdfg+ klŞdfgÆlƃcflbgf
cgƃ/kŝo] j'ųgo]g]j, ækst"klgƧoá _ ;ź+ pklgƧfo»k]0 pká;ysƙ+ s/ált. ´fg+, ljkƧg+, dƮ+, cleţ+,
;dfkƸų pƍfb]lt. ;Ln+, ;'t+, rfu+, kţ+ pklgƧfo»k]0 k&dƧ ´fgƧ kl/sƙ+ k&dƧ ´fgƧ pklgƧokŝo]g
kŝoá»k]0 cflsťţfotg+ g]j;ţfgf;ţfotgƧ»k]0 oyfsƙ"ku`f)+ cgfut+;`f)Ƨ»k]0 k&dƧ dƮƧ kl/sƙ+
k&dƧ»k]0 tltoá d±Ʈëf rt'ŴƧ. d±Ʈëf ;]vfg+ cŴkl;lƘbfo»k]0 &fgf&fgs]ĕ;ƟƧ pklgƧo. s';ná cs';nƧ»k]0
cf/ƙ)"klgƧoá. kst"k»k]0 kst"klgƧoá _ ;ź+ pklgƧfo dfg+ hƍ]lt. lbƸŪ uŲflt»k]0 ;źf ;Ln+ ;'t+ rf±uëf
kţf /fuƧ, bá;Ƨ, dáxƧ, dfgƧ, lblŪof. kŴgfo»k]0 s';ná cƓfstƧ»k]0 cf/ƙ)"klgƧoá. cgƃ¿klgƧoá.
kst"k»k]0 kst"klgƧoá _ ;ź+ pklgƧfo cųfg+ cftfk]lt»k]0 sĕlosƧ ;'vƧ, b'ŋƧ, mþn;dfklųof. s';n+ sƙ+
ljkfsƧ»k]0 d±Ʈëf c/xtá cŴkl;lƘbfo kŝoá.
cs';ná cs';nƧ»k]0 kst"klgƧoá _ /fu+ pklgƧfo kf)+ xglt»k]0 ;Ɩ+þ knklt»k]0 ;Ŝ+ leƆlt.
bá;+, dáx+, dfg+, lbƸŪ, kŴg+ pklgƧfo»k]0 ;Ŝ+ leƆlt»k]0 kf)fltkftá kf)fltkftƧ»k]0 ;Ŝe]bsƙƧ»k]0
kŝoá.
cs';ná s';nƧ»k]0 kst"klgƧoá _ /fu+ pklgƧfo bfg+ b]lt»k]0 dƮ+ pƍfb]lt»k]0 ;dfkƸų pƍfb]lt.
/f±uëf»k]0 kŴgf. ;źfo, ;LnƧ»k]0 kţfo pklgƧo. kf)+ xƄf tƧ kl#ftŴfo bfg+ b]tLÆltcflbgf r
pklgƧokŝo] r,
æcƓfstá cƓfstƧ k'/]hĕtkŝo]g kŝoá»k]0 cf/ƙ)k'/]hĕt+ _ c/xf rŋ'+»k]0 mþáŪƑ], jŴ'+ ljkƧlt»k]0
lbƑ]g rŋ'gf ¿k+ kƧlt»k]0 ¿kfotg+ rŋ'ljţf)Ƨ»k]0 jŴ'k'/]hĕt+ _ rŋĕotg+ rŋ'ljţf)Ƨ»k]0 jŴ'
ljkfsĕƓfstfgÆlƃcflbgf k'/]hĕtkŝo] r,
æs';ná cƓfstƧ»k]0 kŞfhĕtf s';nf vƈf k'/]hĕtƧ OdƧ sĕoƧfÆltcflbgf kŞfhĕtkŝo] r,
æs';ná s';nƧ»k]0 k'l/df k'l/df s';nf vƈfÆltcflbgf cf;]jgkŝo] r,
æ;xhĕtf gfgfŋl)sĕ, ;xhĕtf s';nf r]tgf»k]0 ;ƕo'ųsĕg+ vƈfg+ lrų;d'Ūfgfgť ¿kfg+. gfgfŋl)sĕ
ljkfsĕg+ vƈfg+ sųf r ¿kfgÆlƃcflbgf sƙkŝo] r,
æcƓfstá cƓfstƧ»k]0 Ps]ĕ vƈá ltŰƉÆlƃcflbgf ljkfskŝo] r,
æs';ná s';nƧfÆltcflbgf cfxf/kŝofbL;' r, æs';ná cƓfstƧ, ;xhĕt+, kŞfhĕt+, ;xhĕtf lrų;d'Ūfgfg+
¿kfg+. kŞfhĕtf OdƧ sĕoƧ»k]0 cƓfstá s';nƧ»k]0 k'/]hĕt+ jŴ' s';nfg+ vƈfg+ ljƍo'ųkŝo]g kŝoáÆltcflbgf
ljƍo'ųkŝofbL;' r kflńult j]lbtƑf.
tŴ s';nwƙá gfd]; oƨf pƍşƃá &k]ŷf kŞfhĕtkŝo+, ljkfskŝoť ;];]lx ƀfjL;ltof kŝo]lx pƍşlt.
s';nƧ r kŝoá xáƃá &k]ŷf k'/]hĕtkŞfhĕtljkfsljƍo'ųkŝo] ;];]lx jL;ltof kŝo]lx kŝoá xált. Pj+ s';ná
s';nfbLg+, cs';ná r cs';nfbLg+ oyfg'¿k+ kŝof xálƃ, tƨf s';nfbLg+ t+t+kŝo'ƍƉljefu+ bƧ]t'+ kŤfjf/á j'ųá. tŴ
;]vf ±uëfŶe'lƃ ;átfkƉ+ ;ƈfo j'ų+, jábfglƃ ;sbfufldcgfufldgá. t];+ lx ±uëfŶe'lrų+ jábfg+ gfd. dƮf j'Ūlxŷflt
dƮjLlytá j'Ūfo. g lx dƮfgƃ/f kŝj]ŋ)f gfd cŴLlt co+ cg'nádkŪfg] s';nlųsgoá.
j]bgflųsĕbL;' æ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ų+ wƙ+ klŝ ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųá wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝof. ;'vfo
j]bgfo ;ƕo'ų+ Ps+þ vƈ+ klŝ ƀ] vƈf. ƀ] vƈ] klŝ Ps]ĕ vƈáÆltcflbgf s';nlųs]þ j'ųfg';f/]g klŝjf/fbL;'
kŤfjf/kl/oá;fg];' ;ų;' jf/];' Ps]þsƸƨ kŝofg'nádfbLlx r Psd"nfbLlx go]lx r ;Ƒlųs]þ;' nưdfgkbj;]g u)gfgoá
oáh]ŷf `ftƑá. tŴ j]bgflųs]þ j]bgfŋƈƧ cnưgtá æPs+þ vƈ+ lgƧfo ƀ] vƈfÆltcflb j'ų+. ;ƑŴ lj;];á
kflńcŪsyfg';f/]g]j `ftƑált co+ cg'nádklnád] ltskŪfggoá.
164
b'skŪfg] kg æx]t'+ wƙ+ klŝ x]t' wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝof. cnáe+ klŝ cbá;á. cdáxá. cbá;+ cdáx+
klŝ cnáeá. cbá;á. náe+ klŝ dáxá. dáx+ klŝ náeá. bá;+ klŝ dáxá. dáx+ klŝ bá;á. kl;lƈŋ±)ë
x]t'+ wƙ+ klŝ gx]t' wƙá pƍşlt»k]0 x]t" r gx]t" r. gx]t'+ klŝ gx]t' wƙá g»k]0 x]t" r gx]t" rfÆltcflbgf
x]t'b's]þ,
æ;x]t's+þ wƙ+ klŝ ;x]t's]ĕ wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝof. ;x]t's+þ Ps+þ vƈ+»k]0 ;x]t's+þ wƙ+ klŝ.
cx]t's]ĕ»k]0 lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿k+. kl;lƈŋ±)ë»k]0 ;x]t's]ĕ r, cx]t's]ĕ r»k]0 cx]t's+þ vƈ+ klŝ cx]t's]ĕ.
ljlrlsŞf;xut+ pźŝ;xut+ dáx+ klŝ ;ƕo'ųsĕ vƈf»k]0 lrų;d'Ūfg+. cfxf/;d'ŪfgÆlƃcflbgf ;x]t'sb'sĕbL;' r
s]þglrljţ]Ɯb'sjlşt];' ;Ƒb's]þ;' kŝ]s+þ klŝjf/fbL;' ;ų;' dxfjf/];' Ps]þsƸƨ kŝofg'nádfbL;' rt";' go];' Psd"nsĕbLlx
;Ƒjf/]lx s';nlųs]þ j'ųfg';f/]g oyfg'¿k+ ljeśgoá oáh]ŷf `ftƑá. ;Ƒlƨlƕ lx kŪfg] s]þglrljţ]Ɯb's+þ g nưtLlt co+
b'skŪfggoá.
b'sltskŪfg] kg æx]t'+ s';n+ wƙ+ klŝ x]t' s';ná wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝofÆltcflbgf x]t'b's]þg ;Ƹź
s';nlųs]þ s';n+ kb+ oáh]ŷf klŝjf/fbL;' ;ų;' jf/];' kŝofg'nádfbLg+ rt'Ɖ+ gofg+ j;]g nưdfgskŝof
Psd"nsĕlbgo]lx blƧtf oyf r s';n+ kb+, Pj+ cs';n+ kb+, cƓfstť x]t'b's]þg oáh]ŷf j'ųgo]g bƧ]ŷf
x]t's';nb'sltslƃ &lkt+. kflń kg clt;+lvųf. oyf s';nlųs+þ, Pj+ æx]t'+ ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ų+ wƙ+ klŝ x]t'
;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųá wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝofÆltcflbgf nưdfgskbj;]g j]bgflųsĕboálk x]t'b's]þg oáh]ŷf
x]t'j]bgb'sltsĕbLlg PsjL;ltb'sltsĕlg blƧtfgLlt. oyf r x]t'b's]þg ;Ƹź nưdfgskbj;]g ƀfjL;ltltsĕ oálhtf,
Pj+ ;x]t'sb'sĕbLlx ;Ƒ]lx ;Ƹź kŝ]s+þ ƀfjL;ltltsĕ oáh]tƑf. kflń kg]Ŵ Otá k/];'lk ;ƑŴ clt;+lvųf. Pj+
ƀfjL;ltlts]þ ux]ŷf b's;t] klŋlkŷf b'sltskŪfg+ b]l;tlƃ co+ b'sltskŪfggoá.
ltsb'skŪfg]lk æs';n+ x]t'+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná x]t' wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝofÆltcflbgf s';nlųs]þg ;Ƹź x]t'kb+
oáh]ŷf klŝjf/fbL;' ;ų;' dxfjf/];' kŝofg'nádflbgort'Ŋþj;]g nưdfgskŝof Psd"nfbLlx ;Ƒjf/]lx blƧtf. oyf
x]t'kb+, Pj+ gx]t'kblƕ s';nlųs]þg ;Ƹź oáh]ŷf s';nx]t' ltsb'slƃ &lkt+. oyf r s';nlųs]þg ;Ƹź x]t'b's+þ, Pj+
æ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ų+ x]t'+ s';n+ wƙ+ klŝfÆltcflbgf j]bgflųsĕbLlxlk t+ oáh]ŷf j]bgflųsb'sĕbLlg
PsjL;ltltsb'sĕbLlg blƧtflg. oyf r x]t'b's+þ, Pj+ ;x]t'sĕboálk ;Ƒ] kŝ]s+þ ƀfjL;ltof lts]þlx nưdfgkbj;]g]j
oálhtf. Pj+ b's;t+ ƀfjL;ltof lts]þ;' klŋlkŷf ltsb'skŪfg+ b]l;tlƃ co+ ltsb'skŪfggoá.
ltsltskŪfg]lk æs';n+ ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ų+ wƙ+ klŝ s';ná ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųá wƙá pƍşlt
x]t'kŝofÆltcflbgf s';nlųs+þ j]bgflųsĕbLlx ;Ƒlųs]þlx, j]bgflųsĕboá r s';nlųsĕbLlx j'ųgo]g oáh]ŷf kŝof
blƧtf. Pj+ lts]þ;' Pj lts]þ klŋlkŷf ltsltskŪfg+ b]l;tlƃ co+ ltsltskŪfggoá.
b'sb'skŪfg]lk æx]t'+ ;x]t's+þ wƙ+ klŝ x]t' ;x]t's]ĕ wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝofÆltcflbgf x]t'b's+þ ;x]t'sĕbLlx,
;x]t'sť x]t'b'sĕbLlx oáh]ŷf x]Ūf j'ųgo]lx kŝof blƧtf. Pj+ b's]þ;' Pj b'sþ] klŋlkŷf b'sb'skŪfg+ b]l;tlƃ co+
b'sb'skŪfggoá. Pj+ tfj cg'nádkŪfg] _
æltsť kŪfgj/+ b's'ųd+,
b'sltsť]j ltsb'sť.
ltsltsť]j b'sb'sť,
% cg'nádlƛ gof ;'uƘL/fÆltĶ _
j'ųf % gof j]lbtƑf. kŝoj;]g kg]t];' %;' Ps]þsƸƨ kŪfg] kŝofg'nádfbLg+ rt'Ɖ+ gofg+ j;]g Pt]g kl/ofo]g
rt'jL;ltgokldlůtldb+ wƙfg'nádkŪfglƃ j]lbtƑ+. co+ cg'nádkŪfggoá.
kŝgLokŪfg] kg ægs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ gs';ná wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝof. cs';n+ cƓfst+ Ps+þ vƈ+ klŝ»k]0
ƀ] vƈf, lrų;d'Ūfgť ¿kÆlƃcflbgf ltskŪfg], ægx]t'+ wƙ+ klŝ gx]t' wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝof. gx]t'+ Ps+þ vƈ+
klŝ»k]0 lrų;d'Ūfgť ¿kÆlƃcflbgf b'skŪfg] r, ægx]t'+ gs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ gx]t' gs';ná wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝof.
gx]t'+ gs';n+ cƓfst+ Ps+þ vƈ+ klŝ toá vƈfÆltcflbgf b'sltskŪfg] r, ægs';n+ gx]t'+ wƙ+ klŝ gs';ná gx]t'
wƙá pƍştLÆltcflbgf ltsb'skŪfg] r, ægs';n+ g;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ų+ wƙ+ klŝ gs';ná g;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųá
wƙá pƍştLÆltcflbgf ltsltskŪfg] r, ægx]t'+ g;x]t'sþ+ wƙ+ klŝ gx]t' g;x]t's]ĕ wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝofÆltcflbgf
b'sb'skŪfg] rflt %;' kŝgLokŪfg];' cg'nádltskŪfgfbL;' %;' kŪfg];' j'ų]g ;Ƒ]g ksĕ/]g kflńgoá j]lbtƑá. Obť
s';nfbLg+, x]t'cfbLgť wƙfg+ kŝo'ƍƉefjklŋ]kj;]g kjųųf wƙkŝgLokŪfg+ gfd hĕt+. tŴ lx gs';n+ wƙ+
klŝflt s';nƧ kŝoklŋ]ká. gs';ná wƙá pƍştLlt s';nƧ kŝo'ƍƉefjklŋ]ká. tyf æcs';n+ cƓfst+ Ps+þ vƈ+
klŝ»k]0 cs';nf, cƓfstf vƈf lrų;d'Ūfgť ¿k+ pƍştLÆlt Pjdflbgf go]g]Ŵ cŴá j]lbtƑá. Pjd]Ŵ
kŝgLokŪfg] _
% kŝgLolƛ gof ;'uƘL/fÆltĶ _
j'ųf % gof j]lbtƑf. kŝoj;]g kg]Ŵflk Ps]þsƸƨ kŝofg'nádfbLg+ rt'Ɖ+ rt'Ɖ+ gofg+ j;]g rt'jL;ltgokldlůtldb+
165
wƙkŝgLokŪfglƃ j]lbtƑlƃ co+ kŝgLokŪfggoá.
cg'nádkŝgLokŪfg] kg æs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ gs';ná wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝof. s';n] vƈ] klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+
¿kÆlƃcflbgf ltskŪfg], æx]t'+ wƙ+ klŝ gx]t' wƙá pƍşlt x]t'kŝofÆltcflbgf b'skŪfg] r, æx]t'+ s';n+ wƙ+
klŝ gx]t' gs';ná wƙá pƍştLÆltcflbgf b'sltskŪfg] r, æs';n+ x]t'+ wƙ+ klŝ gs';ná gx]t' wƙá
pƍştLÆltcflbgf ltsb'skŪfg] r, æs';n+ ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ų+ wƙ+ klŝ gs';ná g;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųá wƙá
pƍştLÆltcflbgf ltsltskŪfg] r, æx]t'+ ;x]t's+þ wƙ+ klŝ gx]t' g;x]t's]ĕ wƙá pƍştLÆltcflbgf b'sb'skŪfg] r
x]Ūf j'ųgo]g ;Ƒ]g ksĕ/]g kflńgoá j]lbtƑá. Ob+ s';nfbLg+ wƙfg+ kŝoų+ cƍllŋlkŷf kŝo'ƍƉfg+
s';nflbefjklŋ]kj;]g kjųųf wƙfg'nádkŝgLokŪfg+ gfd hĕt+. tŴ lx s';n+ wƙ+ klŝflt s';nƧ kŝoefjljwfg+.
gs';ná wƙá pƍştLlt s';nƧ kŝo'ƍƉefjlgjf/)+, tƨf æs';n] vƈ] klŝ lrų;d'Ūfg+ ¿kÆlƃcflbgf ljƧşg+ j'ųlƃ
j]lbtƑlƃ Pjd]Ŵ cg'nádkŝgLokŪfg] _
% cg'nádkŝgLolƛ gof ;'uƘL/fÆltĶ _
j'ųf % gof j]lbtƑf. kŝoj;]g kg]Ŵflk Ps]þsƸƨ kŝofg'nádfbLg+ rt'Ɖ+ rt'Ɖ+ gofg+ j;]g rt'jL;ltgokldlůtldb+
wƙfg'nádkŝgLokŪfglƃ j]lbtƑlƃ co+ cg'nádkŝgLokŪfggoá.
kŝgLofg'nádkŪfg] ægs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ cs';ná wƙá»k]0 gs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ cƓfstá wƙá pƍşlt
x]t'kŝofÆltcflbgf ltskŪfg], ægx]t'+ wƙ+ klŝ x]t' wƙá pƍştLÆltcflbgf b'skŪfg] r, ægx]t'+ gs';n+ wƙ+ klŝ
x]t' cs';ná wƙá»k]0 x]t' cƓfstá wƙá pƍştLltÆcflbgf b'sltskŪfg] r, ægs';n+ gx]t'+ wƙ+ klŝ cs';ná x]t'
wƙá»k]0 cƓfstá x]t' wƙá pƍştLÆltcflbgf ltsb'skŪfg] r, ægs';n+ g;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ų+ wƙ+ klŝ cs';ná
;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųá wƙá»k]0 cƓfstá ;'vfo j]bgfo ;ƕo'ųá wƙá pƍştLÆltcflbgf ltsltskŪfg] r, ægx]t'+
g;x]t's+þ wƙ+ klŝ x]t' ;x]t's]ĕ wƙá pƍştLÆltcflbgf b'sb'skŪfg] r, x]Ūf j'ų]g ksĕ/]g kflńgoá j]lbtƑá. Obť
s';nflbwƙfg+ kŝoų+ kllŋlkŷf t];+ kŝo'ƍƉefjcƍlŋ]kj;]g kjųųf wƙkŝgLofg'nádkŪfg+ gfd hĕt+. tŴ gs';n+
wƙlƃ s';nƧ kŝoefjlgjf/)+. cs';ná wƙá pƍştLlt cs';nƧ pƍlųljwfg+. s';n+ kg klŝ s';nƧ
pƍlųcefjtá æs';ná wƙá pƍştLÆlt cjŷf æcs';ná wƙá pƍştLÆlt nưdfgkbj;]g j'ų+. s';n+, lx cs';n+,
cƓfst+ jf ;xhĕtkŝo+ sŷf pƍşdfgá s';ná gfd glŴ, tƨf cs';nƧ r cƓfstƧ r j;]g b];gf stf. PjdţŴ.
Pjd]Ŵ wƙkŝgLofg'nádkŪfg] _
% kŝgLofg'nádlƛ gof ;'uƘL/fÆltĶ _
j'ųf % gof j]lbtƑf. kŝoj;]g kg]Ŵflk ltskŪfgfbL;' Ps]þsƸƨ kŝofg'nádfbLg+ rt'Ɖ+ rt'Ɖ+ gofg+ j;]g Ps]þg
kl/ofo]g rt'jL;ltgokldlůtldb+ wƙkŝgLofg'nádkŪfglƃ j]lbtƑlƃ co+ kŝgLofg'nádkŪfggoá.
Pjldb+ eujtf cg'nádkŪfgfbL;' rt";' Ps]þsƸƨ kŪfg] ltsb'sĕbLgţ]j %Ɖ+ %Ɖ+ gofg+ j;]g
rt'jL;ltgokldlůt+ ;dƃkŪfgdxfks/)+ b]l;t+. kŝoj;]g kg]t];' rt'jL;ltof kŪfg];' Ps]þsƸƨ kŝofg'nádfbLg+
rt'Ɖ+ rt'Ɖ+ gofg+ j;]g]t+ %Ɖj'ltgokldlůt+ xált, wƙj;]g]j r]t+ ks/)+ rt'jL;lt;dƃkŪfg+ j'ųlƃ cod]Ŵ
ljeśgoá.
kŪfgdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
lgudgsyf
Pųfjtf r _
1= dfltsĕoflewƙƧ, cf/źf cŴjŰgf.
dáxljŞ]bgL gfd, of ;f lgŪd'kfutfĶ
166
2= lgŪ+ oyfo+ ;ƕųf, nşËlx cleklŴtf.
;Ƒ] lgŪ+ tyf ;ƃf, ;d]ƃ' ;'dgá/yfĶ
3= oá uƘL/á ;;fbLg+, ;d'Źáj eofjxá.
sĕn]Ƹƨ wLdtťflk, clk uƅfjnásg]Ķ
4= k&dƃ/wfgƧ, clewƙƧ tƧ o+.
l;nfn]vf lgwLg+j, wƙŴfg+ ksĕl;sĕĶ
5= gfjf ljo ;d'ŹƧ, ;'±vëft/)kźlt.
kflńcŪsyf r];f, kl/;'źf cgfs'nfĶ
6= gotálk cljlŊþŰf, c;+lsŰf lgsĕotá.
otá ;Ŋþŝ ;átƑf, ;źƙlŪltof ;tfĶ
7= ;źƙlŪltsĕd]g, cgų'Ŋ+þ;gflbtá.
doflk jŰoƃ]g, /lrtf ;'źr]t;f.
t]Ƹų;ef)jf/fo, kl/df±)ëg tlƃofĶ
8= dfltsĕjŰgf of ;f, ofj lgŪ+ oyfan+.
;ƑŴ;śxf P;f, cgfs'nkbŊþdfĶ
9= o+ kų+ s';n+ t]g, kŷf ;Ɨálwd'ųd+.
lgŪ+ kfk]Ɯdlvn], kfl)gá lxtr]t;fĶ
10= gfgfhgflw/d)Lot/Ƨ,
ráń/ŪƧ ef/dlwjfxs'nƈ/Ƨ.
sĕj]l/k"t;lnn]g lxtfnoƧ,
/fhĕlw/fhj/j+;;'kLl)tƧĶ
11= dŢlƛ ráńssnŘlge]g dƮ+,
k"/+ lj;fnljej]lx dxfs'n]lx.
kfsĕ/rŊþkl/vflx r ±uëfk'/]lx,
o'ų+ hgfs'n;';lşt/fhdƮ+Ķ
12= ;Ƒ"keáukl/eáuwg]lx gfgf-
jŰ]lx k'Űljljwfkl)s]þlx ;áe+.
ráńflwgfuk'/gƆggfye"t+,
o] tŴ ;áutljxf/j/fle/fdfĶ
13= t];+ d'±vë hgdgáx/;Ŵ'laƗ-
;Ƙfljt] dxlt ;şgdfggLo].
ljşĕno]lx pbofrn;lƉe]lx,
s]þnf;s"þl;v/ákdr]lto]lxĶ
14= kf;fbxlƙoj/]lx r důk]lx,
hƗƗtfnkg;flbt/fjnLlx.
gƆákgƆe'huƧ j/Ƨ eáu-
rŊĕjnL;d;'wfst±uëfk'/]lxĶ
15= o'ų] lj;fnl;stfl;tdfńs]þlx,
o'ų] ;';Lnolt;Ŝlg;]ljtlƛ.
sƠf)sƙlg/t]lx x"kxf/],
gfuş'gƢoljxf/j/] j;ƃáĶ
16= gfd]g oá w'tw/Ʈ;dfggfdá,
rƆáj kfsgeálbtjLtkţá.
;Ŵƃ/];' lgk'±)ëf lksųo] r,
jfbLeo"yljlkg] ldu/fhnLnáĶ
17= oá ;fu/áj g ljnŜlt ;Lnj]n-
dlƍŞtflbu');f/lje"l;tųá.
167
h]ĕt]lt ;f;gdn+ lglvn+ hxƃá,
;Ŋþŝ wƙljgo+ kl/bLkoƃáĶ
18= t]gflewƙlksŰjljƍlsŰ-
;f/Ŵ/Tœlgs/]j ;d'źl/ŷf.
;ƙfkhĕguńnŘ/)fo dáx-
ljŞ]bgL lj/lrtf /tgfjnL ofĶ
19= ;fo+ kef;t' ;'lslųlj/fhdfgf,
wƙ];' dáxltld/+ ljlgxŝ ;ƙf.
cfeft' tfj lhg;f;gh]ĕlt ofj,
jlųƧltƧ hgtflxtdfjxƃLĶ
Olt ráń/Ū] dxfsƧkŴ]/]g lj/lrtf
dáxljŞ]bgL gfd
clewƙdfltsŴjŰgf lglŪtf.
168

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lj;o-;"rL

Ķ gdá tƧ eujtá c/xtá ;ƙf;Ɨ'źƧĶ

ƀfb;fotgflg ‘od01=cfotgods=1cfboá’ _ rŋĕotg+ ;átfotg+ #fgfotg+ lhƢfotg+ sĕofotg+ ¿kfotg+

rŋ' rŋ'lƇo+, rŋ'lƇo+ rŋ'.

lglŪtf k&ds';nƧ cŴjŰgf.

c¿kfjr/f kg s';nwƙf ;ƕoáutá g leƉf, ;Ƒ]lk pk]ŋ]sƮtf;ƕo'ųfj, wƙ'Ź];flbtálk ;Ƒ;á

lglŪtf r dáxljŞ]blgof gfd

æs';nf wƙfÆlt kbƧ cŴjŰgf.

cs';nf wƙf lglŪtf.

gLj/)±uëfŞs]þ lrų+ gLj/lƃ kl/oágƈƃLlt gLj/)f. tŴ sĕdŞƆgLj/)+ ƓfkfbgLj/)+ lygldźgLj/)+

k/fdf;±uëfŞs]þ wƙfg+ oyfe"t+ clgŝflbcfsĕ/+ cltŊþldŷf ælgŝÆlƃcflbj;]g kjųdfgf k/tá cfd;ƃLlt

lklŪb's]þ;' cflbtá rųf/á b'sĕ bƧg]gkxftƑlųs]þ, bƧg]gkxftƑx]t's]þ r j'ųgo]g j]lbtƑf. s]þjn+ kg tŴ

co+ %Ūjf/] goá.

;ųdá kg jf/á t];+ vƈfbLg+ cleţ]Ɯflbefjljefjgj;]g kjųá. tŴ lx _

lglŪtá æ;śxá c;śxáÆlt kbƧ

k&dá ;'lźs;lŝsŪá lglŪtá.

Olt ráń/Ū] dxfsƧkŴ]/]g lj/lrtf

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