Drug Study

Generic / Nursing
Dosage Classification Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction
Trade Name Responsibility
Action

Hyoscine N- butyl Tablet: adult Anti- Spasmodic Inhibits acetylcholine Acute GI, biliary and Myasthenia gravis, Xerostomia, tachycardia,  Obtain history of
bromide/ Buscopan and Pedia at receptor sites in genitourinary megacolon, urinary retention. When the underlying
<6 yrs: 10 – autonomic nervous spasm, include hypersensitivity. administered IV, visual disease condition
20mg/ 3-5x system, which biliary and renal Parenteral: glaucoma, accommodation before the
a day controls secretions, colic, hypertrophy of the disturbances, dizziness, therapy
free acids in dysmenorrhea. prostate with urinary agranulocytosis,  Assess for eye
Ampule: 20- stomach; blocks Parenterally also as retention, mechanical pancytopenia and pain
40mg (1- central muscarinic an aid in diagnostic stenosis of GIT, bronchospasm  Monitor for input
2amp) receptor, which and therapeutic tachycardia and output ratio
SC,IM,IV decreases procedures, e.g.  Monitor for
involuntary gastroduodenal possible drug
movements endoscopy, induced adverse
radiology reaction
 Assess for
parkinsonism
 Assess for urinary
hesitancy,
retention
 Assess for
constipation
 Assess patient’s
and family’s
knowledge of
drug therapy

Generic / Dosage Classification Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing

 Mechanism of
Trade Name Responsibility
Action

Atrophine/ 1mg/mL Anti- Cholinergic Inhibits acetylcholine Administration prior Hypersensitivity to Palpitations,
Atrophine Sulfate at parasympathetic to anaesthesia to anticholinergics; bradycardia,  Obtain history of
nervous effector reduce or prevent narrow-angle tachycardia, orthostatic the underlying
junction, blocking secretions of glaucoma; adhesions hypotension, headache, disease condition
vagal effect on the respiratory tract; to between iris and lens; nervousness, before the
heart (SA node), control rhinorrhea, prostatic hypertrophy; drowsiness, weakness, therapy
exocrine glands, treatment of obstructive uropathy; dizziness, confusion.  Monitor cardiac
smooth muscles and parkinsonism; myocardial ischemia; Insomnia, fever, rate, rhythm and
urinary bladder. Drug restoration of unstable cardiac status excitability, restlessness, character
increases heart rate. cardiac rate and caused by hemorrhage; tremor, allergic  Monitor ECG for
Dries secretions, arterial pressurenin tachycardia; reactions. Urticaria, rash ectopic
decreases sweating some situations; myasthenia gravis; flushing, nasal ventricular beats,
and salivation in low treatment of peptic pyloric or intestinal congestion, altered PVC and
doses. Mydriasis and ulcers, management obstruction; asthma; taste, xerostomia, tachycardia in
cycloplegia occur at of hypersecretion, hyperthyroidism; renal nausea, vomiting, cardiac patients
moderate doses. irritation of and hepatic disease; dysphagia, heartburn,  Monitor allergic/
Motility of GI and GU stomach, intestines toxic megacolon; constipation, bloated hypersensitivity
systems is affected at and pancreas; intestinal atony or feeling; paralytic ileus reaction
higher doses. treatment of paralytic ileus  Monitor input
diarrhea. Antidote and output ratio
for cardiovascular  Assess patient’s
collapse in certain and family’s
overdose or knowledge of
poisoning. drug therapy

Generic / Dosage Classification Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing

Trade Name Mechanism of Action Responsibility

Dopamine/ 200mg/ 5mL Cardiovascular Immediate precursor of Correction of Should not be used in Ectopic beats;  Obtain history of
Dopamine drug epinephrine in the hemodynamic patients with tachycardia, angina pain, the underlying
Hydrochloride body, exogenous imbalances present phaechromocytoma or palpitations, disease condition
administration in shock after hyperthyroidism, nor in hypotension, before the
produces direct myocardial presence of vasoconstriction; therapy
stimulation of beta 1 infarction; trauma, uncorrected ventricular arrhythmias;  Monitor the vital
receptors and variable endotoxic tachyarrhythmias or hypertension, headache, signs and ECG.
stimulation of alpha septicaemia, ventricular fibrillation. anxiety, dilated pupils Watch for
receptors will cause surgery and renal (at higher dose) nausea, dysrhythmias and
release of failure or vomiting, decreased ischemia
norepinephrine from imbalances in urine output, dyspnea,  Assess for
storage sites. These conditions of gangrene of extremities. possible adverse
actions results in shronic refractory reaction
increased myocardial cardiac  Assess for heart
contraction and cardiac decompensation failure: dyspnea,
output, systemic neck vein
vasoconstriction as well distension
as increase renal blood  Assess for
flow and sodium oxygenation and
secretion. perfusion deficit
 Monitor blood
pressure closely
 Assess patient’s
and family’s
knowledge of drug
therapy

Generic / Dosage Classification Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing

Trade Name Mechanism of Action Responsibility

Furosemide/ 10mg/ mL Diuretic Inhibits sodium and Treatment of Hypersensitivity to Orthostatic hypotesion,  Obtain history of
Frusema chloride reabsorption edema associated sulfonylureas; anuria Thrombophlebitis, the underlying
at the proximal tubules, with congestive chronic aortitis, vertigo, disease condition
distal tubules and heart failure, headache, dizziness, before the
ascending loop of hepatic cirrhosis paresthesia, therapy
Henley leading to and renal disease, restlessness, fever,  Monitor for renal,
excretion of water hypertension urticaria, pruritus, cardiac,
together with sodium, necrotizing angitis. neurologic, GI,
chloride and Blurred vision, pulmonary
potassium. Diuretic, xanthopsia, tinnitus, manifestation of
antihypertensive hearing impairment, hypokalemia
anorexia, nausea,  Monitor for CNS,
vomiting, diarrhea, oral GI, cardiovascular,
and gastric irritation, integumentary
pancreatitis, urinary and neurologic
bladder spasm, manifestations of
glycosuria, muscle hypocalcemia
spasm, weakness Monitor for CNS,
GI, cardiovascular,
integumentary
and neurologic
manifestations of
hypomagnesemia,
agitation
 Assess fluid
volume status
 Assess patient
for adverse
reactions
 Assess patient’s
and family’s
knowledge of
drug therapy

Generic / Nursing
Dosage Classification Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction
Trade Name Mechanism of Action Responsibility
Phenobarbital/ 130mg/ mL Anti-convulsant Depressant and Short treatment of Pregnancy (Cat D). Dizziness, headache,  Obtain history of
Luminal anticonvulsant effects insomnia; long term hypersensitivity to hangover, confusion the underlying
may be related to its treatment of barbiturates, especially in elderly, disease condition
ability to increase generalized tonic- porphyria, severe paradoxical excitation, before the therapy
and/or mimic the clonic and cortical renal hepatic or exacerbation of pre-  Asses seizures
inhibitory activity of focal seizures, respiratory existing pain, activities
GABA on nerve emergency control of impairment and hypotension,  Assess mental
impulses. As a sedative, acute convulsions; porphyria bradycardia, GI status
it may also interfere preanesthetic disturbances, allergic  Monitor for
with the transmission sedation reactions, blood possible drug
of impulses from the dyscrasias. Sedation and induced adverse
thalamus to the brain depression may occur. reaction
cortex Prolonged  Assess for
administration may barbiturate
occasionally results in toxicity: cold
folate deficiency and clammy skin,
megaloblastic anemia cyanosis,
weakness, nausea ,
vomiting
 Assess for pain in
postoperative
patients
 Assess patient’s
and family’s
knowledge of drug
therapy

Generic / Nursing
Dosage Classification Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction
Trade Name Mechanism of Action Responsibility
Metoclopramide/ 10mg/ 3mL Anti-emetic Dopamine antagonist Gastrointestinal Phaechromocytoma. Sedation, restlessness,  Obtain history of
Plasil Anti- inflactulence that acts by increasing motility disturbances. Patients in whom lassitude, fatigue, the underlying
Anti- receptor sensitivity and Nausea and vomiting increased diarrhea, insomnia, disease condition
inflammatories response of upper GIT of central peripheral gastrointestinal might headache, dizziness, before the therapy
tissues to acetylcholine. origin associated be dangerous e.g. nausea, extra-pyramidal  Assess patient’s GI
This causes contraction with surgey, presence of GI effects, tardive complaints
of gastric smooth metabolic diseases, hemorrhage, dyskinesia,  Frequently
muscles, relation of malignant disease, mechanical parkinsonism, monitoring of
pyloric sphincter and infectious diseases obstruction or drowsiness and bowel blood pressure
duodenal bulb and and drug induced. perforation, upset. Somnolence,  Monitor for
increased peristalsis Radiological hypersensitivity or nervousness, dystonic possible drug
without stimulating procedures of GIT. intolerance of the reactions. Increased induced adverse
gastric, biliary and Control of post- drug. Lactation, pituitary prolaction reaction
pancreatic secretions. It operative sadation children, patients with release gynecomastia,  Monitor for and
also produces sedation and to assist in breast cancer. Should galactorrhea, and immediately report
and induces release of intestinal intubation be withheld following menstrual disorder occurrence of
prolactin gut surgery. Epileptics extrapyramidal
or patients on drugs symptoms and
likely to cause extra- tardive dyskinesia
pyramidal symptoms especially in
elderly
 Assess mental
status
 Assess patient’s
and family’s
knowledge of drug
therapy
 Generic /
Dosage / Frequency Classification Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nu
Trade Name Mechanism of Action
Mefenamic Acid 250mg/ 1 cap Analgesic Aspirin-like drug that Relief of pain Pregnancy (category GI discomfort, 
Q 6o PRN has analgesic, anti- including trauma, D) and lactation. diarhhea or 
pyretic and anti- post-perative and Hypersensitivity. constipation, gas
inflammatory soft tissue injuries Active ulceration or pian, nausea, 
activities. These chronic inflammation vomiting, drowsiness
activities appear to of either the upper and dizziness
be due to its ability to and lower
inhibit gastrointestinal tract
cyclooxygenase and (GIT).
also antagonize
certain effects of
prostaglandins.
Mefenamic acid
displays central and
peripheral activities

Nursing Care Plan

Cues Diagnosis Inference Intervention Rationale

Planning
 Objectives: Impaired physical After 1o of nursing Health teachings
 Limited range of mobility related to intervention the client imparted such as: in
motion balance skeletal traction verbalize understanding wa
of situation and  Instructed in use  For position b
demonstrate techniques of overhead changes/transfers
that enable resumption trapeze
of activities  Support affected  To maintain position
body part
 Proper skin care  To prevent skin
breakdown

 Instructed  To promote circulation

watcher to do
massage
 To prevent pressure
 wrinkle free bed sores
 To promote circulation
 Instructed to do
exercise such as
quadriceps, foot
pedal, deep
breathing and
coughing
exercises