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Comparative Study Of

80286, 80386, 80486 &


Pentium Processors
Jaganvasan a.k.a Jack

Microprocessors
COMPARITVE STUDY OF 80286, 80386, 80486 &PENTIUM PROCESSORS:-
80286 80386 80486 PENTIUM
 Specifications 16 Bit Processor 32 Bit Processor 32 Bit Processor 32 Bit Processor
 No. Of Pins 68 132 168 296
 Technology HMOS HMOS-3 PGA(Pin Grid Array) SPGA(Special Pin Grid Array)
 Address Bus 24 Bits 32 Bits 32 Bits 32 Bits
 Data Bus 16 Bits 32 Bits 32 Bits 64 Bits
 Memory Capacity Physical Memory-16MB Physical Memory-4GB Physical Memory-4GB On the whole 4GB
Cache Memory -1GB Virtual Memory -64TB Virtual Memory -64TB
 Clock Frequency 4,6,8 MHz 12.5,16,20,25,33 MHz 25,33,50,60&100 MHz 60-233 MHz
 Addressing Modes 8 11 11 11
 Functional Units Bus Unit, Execution Unit, Bus Unit, Pre-fetch Unit, Bus Unit, Pre-fetch Unit, Bus Unit, Paging Unit,
Address Unit, Instruction Unit Decode Unit, Paging Unit, Cache Unit, Floating Point Pre-fetch Buffer, Instruction
Segmentation Unit, Execution Unit, Decode Unit, Control Decoder, Control ROM,
Unit Unit, Protection Test Unit, Integer Pipelines(U & V
ALU, Paging Unit, Pipelines), Floating Point
Segmentation Unit Unit, BTB(Branch Target
Buffer), Code Cache & Data
Cache, Dual Processing Logic
and APIC(Advanced
Programmable Interrupt
Controller)
 Data Types 8,16 Bit- Signed & Unsigned, 8,16,32 Bit- Signed & 8,16,32 Bit- Signed & 8,16,32 Bit- Signed &
Supported BCD, Strings, ASCII, Real Unsigned, BCD, Strings, 32 & Unsigned, Real Strings, BCD, Unsigned, Real Strings, BCD,
48 Bit-Memory Pointers, Bit Bit Field, Bit Strings, 32 & 48 Bit Field, Bit Strings, 32 & 48
Field, Bit Strings Bit-Memory Pointers Bit-Memory Pointers
 Modes Of Real, Protected & Virtual Real, Protected & Virtual Real, Protected & Virtual Real, Protected & Virtual
Operation Addressing Modes Addressing Modes Addressing Modes Addressing Modes
 Barrel Shifter Absent Present & is 64 Bits Present Present
 Paging No Yes Yes Yes

Jack | Jaganvasan 1
 Memory Yes Yes Yes Yes
Management
Protection
 Registers AX, BX, CX, DX, SI, DI, BP,SP, EAX,EBX,ECX,EDX, ESI, EDI, Same As 286 & Additional Same As 486 & Additional
DS, ES, SS,CS, IP, Flags, GDTR, EBP,ESP,FS, GS, DS, ES, SS,CS, Registers are TR3,TR4,TR5, Registers are CR0-CR4
LDTR, IDTR, MSW IP, E Flags, GDTR, LDTR, IDTR, Cache Registers
CR0-CR3, TR1, TR2, DR0-DR7
 Task Switching Yes Yes, Done by a Special Yes, Done by a Special Yes, Done by a Special
Hardware Hardware Hardware
 Suitable 80287 80387 External Co-Processor, Same
Co-processors Built-in Co-Processor Exist
 Flags CF,PF,AF,SF,ZF,TF,DF,IF,OF,NT CF,PF,AF,SF,ZF,TF,DF,IF,OF,RF, Same As 386 & Auxiliary Same As 486 & ID
& IOPL VM, NT & IOPL(2 Bits) Carry Flag(Identification Flag),
VIP(Virtual Interrupt
Pending), VIF(Virtual
Interrupt)
 Pipelining Instruction Fetch, Decode & Instruction Fetch, Decode , Op-code Fetch, Decode , U&V Pipeline for Integers
Execution in Parallel Execution, Memory Execution, Memory 1. Pre-fetch
Management & Bus Access in Management , Bus Access& 2. Decode 1
Parallel Floating Point Operation in 3. Decode 2
Parallel 4. Data Access from
ALU
5. Write Result
Floating Point
1. Pre-fetch
2. Decode 1&2
3. Operand Fetch
4. First Execute
5. Second Execute
6. Write the Result
7. Error Checking

Jack | Jaganvasan 2
 Multiplexing Of Not Multiplexed Not Multiplexed Not Multiplexed Not Multiplexed
Buses

 Special Features Nothing Nothing BIST(Built-In Self Test) & 64 1. Power Management
Bit Internal Registers 2. AP Check(Address
Parity Check)
3. PC Check(Parity
Check Over Data)
4. STPCLK- Stop Clock
makes processor to
enter into stand
alone mode
5. Supports
MMX(Multimedia)
6. Two 8KB Cache
Memories- One for
Data & the Other for
Instruction
 Gates-Call Gates No No Exist Exist

Jack | Jaganvasan 3

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