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    Introduction to Public Speaking
    Introduction to Public Speaking
    Introduction to Public Speaking
    Ebook249 pages1 hour

    Introduction to Public Speaking

    By Desmond Gahan

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    About this ebook

    Public speaking (also called oratory or oration) is the process or act of performing a speech to a live audience. This type of speech is deliberately structured with three general purposes: to inform, to persuade and to entertain. Public speaking is commonly understood as formal, face-to-face speaking of a single person to a group of listeners. It is closely related to "presenting", but presenting is more often associated with commercial activity.

    There are five basic elements of public speaking that are described in Lasswell's model of communication: the communicator, message, medium, audience and effect. In short, the speaker should be answering the question "who says what in which channel to whom with what effect?"

    Public speaking can serve the purpose of transmitting information, telling a story, motivating people to act or some combination of those. Public speaking can also take the form of a discourse community, in which the audience and speaker use discourse to achieve a common goal.

    Public speaking for business and commercial events is often done by professionals. These speakers can be contracted independently, through representation by a speakers bureau, or by other means. Public speaking plays a large role in the professional world; in fact, it is believed that 70 percent of all jobs involve some form of public speaking.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherDesmond Gahan
    Release dateMay 23, 2017
    ISBN9781386085447
    Introduction to Public Speaking
    Author

    Desmond Gahan

    Desmond Gahan BA., (Dip. Applied Psychology) is the author and publisher of many non fiction books. His special area is psychology and psychopathology. He lives in Dublin Ireland.

    Read more from Desmond Gahan

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      Book preview

      Introduction to Public Speaking - Desmond Gahan

      Introduction to Public Speaking

      By Desmond Gahan, B.A.

      1

      TABLE OF CONTENTS

      TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................2
      INTRODUCTION...........................................................4
      1 PUBLIC SPEAKING....................................................5

      FIVE ELEMENTS OF SPEAKING IN PUBLIC............................5

      BRIEF HISTORY OF PUBLIC SPEAKING.................................6

      PUBLIC SPEAKING TODAY......................................................6

      OCCASIONS AND EVENTS.......................................................7

      2 FEARS AND PHOBIAS...............................................8

      FEAR.........................................................................................8

      PHOBIA.....................................................................................9

      THREE TYPES OF PHOBIAS...........................................................9

      GLOSSOPHOBIA...........................................................................10

      3 ROOT CAUSES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING FEARS.......12

      HARDWIRED FEARS...............................................................12

      LEARNED FEARS....................................................................13

      PUBLIC SPEAKING FEARS.....................................................13

      EMPATHY AND ASSOCIATION....................................................14

      GRADUAL BUILDING....................................................................14

      4 UNLEARNING YOUR FEAR......................................15

      LEARNED FEARS CAN BE UNLEARNED................................15

      MIND OVER MATTER.............................................................16

      RETRAINING YOUR RESPONSES...........................................16

      FEAR EXTINCTION AND DESENSITIZING..................................17

      5 ALL ABOUT THE AUDIENCE...................................18

      THE AUDIENCE WANTS YOU TO SUCCEED..........................18

      MEETING EXPECTATIONS.....................................................19

      INSPIRATION................................................................................19

      RELINQUISHING CONTROL..................................................20

      CREATING AN APPROACH.....................................................20

      6 TIPS TO REMEMBER..............................................21

      LETTING GO OF STRESS........................................................21

      NERVOUS ENERGY......................................................................21

      2

      KNOW YOUR LIMITATIONS...................................................22

      DO NOT OVER-PREPARE........................................................23

      7 PUBLIC SPEAKING TECHNIQUES THAT WORK....25

      HUMOR...................................................................................25

      CREATING A WIN-WIN SITUATION.......................................25

      SILENT MOMENTS.......................................................................26

      MISTAKES.....................................................................................26

      HUMILITY.....................................................................................26

      SPEAKING WITH PURPOSE...................................................27

      KEY POINTS..................................................................................27

      BREVITY........................................................................................28

      SELF PERCEPTION.................................................................28

      8 HELP AND SUPPORT..............................................29

      FRIENDS AND FAMILY...........................................................29

      PUBLIC SPEAKING CLASSES.................................................30

      HYPNOSIS..............................................................................30

      TOASTMASTERS INTERNATIONAL.......................................30

      9 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER..................................32

      FEARS AND PHOBIAS............................................................32

      ESTABLISHING YOUR PERSONAL STATE..................................33

      EVALUATING YOUR NEEDS........................................................33

      A UNIVERSAL PROBLEM.......................................................33

      NATURAL RESPONSES................................................................34

      THE AUDIENCE IS ON YOUR SIDE.............................................34

      CONCLUSION.............................................................35

      PRACTICAL APPLICATION.....................................................35

      USING YOUR KNOWLEDGE...................................................35

      USING YOUR RESOURCES.....................................................36

      TAKING STEPS TO OVERCOME YOUR FEAR.........................36

      THOUGHTFUL PRACTICE............................................................37

      RELAXATION TECHNIQUES........................................................37

      BECOMING FAMILIAR WITH THE PROCESS..............................37

      RESOURCES...............................................................39

      3

      INTRODUCTION

      ––––––––

      Spoken language is a fundamental element of human relationships. The ability to use words effectively can help you achieve great things in life. Oral presentations are the cornerstone of human interaction on a large scale and they also have a profound effect on intimate interactions as well.

      Speaking in public can be a great source of anxiety for many people. However, it doesn’t have to be. People have been practicing this art for centuries and it has become an integral part of our interactions today.

      Some approach public speaking like a type of internal thrill ride while others are choked silent at the very thought of giving a speech. Overcoming the fear of speaking in public is a subject of great interest to many. This activity is rated among the most frightening events in a person’s life. Some have gone as far as rating the fear of public speaking higher than the fear of death.

      Many people are able to overcome their fear of speaking in front of an audience in spite of its seemingly overwhelming nature. The process begins with a strong understanding of how public speaking functions.

      This text focuses on defining public speaking in a way that can help you get a handle on your fears. It is also designed to help you create strategies that will give you the means to create an effective oral presentation whether you are directing a video conference or giving a toast during a special occasion.

      4

      1

      PUBLIC SPEAKING

      Public speaking is simply the act of talking in front of a group of people. The group can be quite small or impressively large. In either case, many individuals find the process to be overwhelming.

      Speaking in public is an art. Effective presentations require clear delivery that includes proper inflection, pauses and emphasis. Some people seem

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