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INFORMATION & DIAGNOTICS

>ipconfig [/all] [/renew [Adapter]] [/release [Adapter]]


>ping [/flushdns] [/displaydns] [/registerdns] [/showclassid
Verifies IP-level connectivity to another TCP/IP computer by sending Internet Adapter] [/setclassid Adapter [ClassID]]
Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages.
/all : Displays the full TCP/IP configuration for all adapters.
>control admintools
/renew [Adapter] : Renews DHCP configuration for all adapters (if an adapter
>services.msc is not specified) or for a specific adapter if the Adapter parameter is included.

/release [Adapter] : Sends a DHCPRELEASE message to the DHCP server to


> devmgmt.msc release the current DHCP configuration and discard the IP address
configuration
>eventvwr.msc (or just eventvwr)
/flushdns : Flushes and resets the contents of the DNS client resolver cache.

>systeminfo /displaydns : Displays the contents of the DNS client resolver cache, which
Displays detailed configuration information about a computer and its includes both entries preloaded from the local Hosts file and any recently
operating system, including operating system configuration, security obtained resource records for name queries resolved by the computer.
information, product ID, and hardware properties, such as RAM, disk space,
and network cards. /registerdns : Initiates manual dynamic registration for the DNS names and IP
addresses that are configured at a computer.
>msconfig
/showclassid Adapter : Displays the DHCP class ID for a specified adapter.
>hostname
/setclassid Adapter [ClassID] : Configures the DHCP class ID for a specified
Displays the host name portion of the full computer name of the computer.
adapter.

>drwtsn32
>tracert [-d] [-h MaximumHops] [-j HostList] [-w Timeout]
Dr Watson diagnostics
[TargetName]
Run >eventvwr Determines the path taken to a destination by sending Internet Control
or Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages to the destination with
mmc.exe X:\WINDOWS\system32\eventvwr.msc incrementally increasing Time to Live (TTL) field values.
Event Viewer
>netstat [-a] [-e] [-n] [-o] [-p Protocol] [-r] [-s] [Interval]
>perfmon.exe [file_name] [/HTMLFILE:converted_file
Displays active TCP connections, ports on which the computer is listening,
settings_file] Ethernet statistics, the IP routing table, IPv4 statistics (for the IP, ICMP, TCP,
and UDP protocols), and IPv6 statistics
Allows you to open a Windows XP Performance console configured with
settings files from Windows NT 4.0 version of Performance Monitor. -a : Displays all active TCP connections and the TCP and UDP ports on which
the computer is listening.
>regsvr32 [/u] [/s] [/n] [/i[:cmdline]] dllname
-e : Displays Ethernet statistics, such as the number of bytes and packets sent
/u : Unregisters server. and received. This parameter can be combined with -s.

/s : Specifies regsvr32 to run silently and to not display any message boxes. -n : Displays active TCP connections, however, addresses and port numbers
are expressed numerically and no attempt is made to determine names.
/n : Specifies not to call DllRegisterServer. You must use this option with /i.
>nslookup
/i:cmdline : Calls DllInstall passing it an optional [cmdline]. When used
with /u, it calls dll uninstall. Displays information that you can use to diagnose Domain Name System
(DNS) infrastructure. Before using this tool, you should be familiar with how
dllname : Specifies the name of the dll file that will be registered. DNS works. The Nslookup command-line tool is available only if you have
installed the TCP/IP protocol.

NETWORK
Use this utility to manually apply computer and user policy
WIN XP/2K COMMANDS from your windows 2000 (or newer) domain.

 at (windows XP/2000)  MMC (XP, 2000 & NT4.0) - Microsoft Management


Scheduling utility. Console
This is the master tool for Windows, it is the main interface in
 bootcfg (XP only) which all other tools use starting primarily in Windows 2000
This utility allows you to set up your boot options, such as and newer systems.
your default OS and other loading options.
 more
 cacls (XP, 2000, & NT4.0) Utility used to display text output one screen at a time. Ex.
Changes the ACLs (security Settings) of files and folders. Very more c:\windows\win.ini
similar to chmod in Linux.
 msconfig (XP only)
 comp (XP & 2000) The ultimate tool to change the services and utilities that
This utility is very similar to diff in Linux. Use the /? switch to start when your Windows machine boots up. You can also
get examples of command usage. copy the executable from XP and use it in Win2k.

 contig (works with NT4.0 and newer)  msinfo32 (XP &smp; 2000)
A great defrag utility for NTFS partitions. An awesome diagnostic tool. With it you can get a list of
running processes, including the residing path of the
 control (XP only) - unpublished! executable (great for manually removing malware) and get
Allows you to launch control panel applets from the detailed information about hardware and system diagnostics.
command line.
 narrator (XP only)
 control userpasswords2, for example will launch a helpful Turns on the system narrator (can also be found in
local user admin utility. accessibility options in control panel). Will will allow your
computer to dictate text to you.
 defrag (XP only - NT4.0 and Win2k use contig)  netsh (XP & 2000)
If you are running Win2k or NT4.0 there is still hope. Contig is A network configuration tool console. At the 'netsh>'
a free defrag program that I describe on the defrag page. prompt, use the '?' to list the available commands and type
"exit" to get back to a command prompt.
 diskpart (XP only)
Use this command to manage your disk partitions. This is the  nslookup (all)
text version for the GUI Disk Manager. A DNS name resolution tool.
 driverquery (XP only)
Produces a list of drivers, their properties, and their versions.  openfiles (XP Only)
Great for computer documentation. Allows an administrator to display or disconnect open files in
XP professional. Type "openfiles /?" for a list of possible
 eudcedit (XP only) -unpublished! parameters.
Private Character editor. Yes with this program built into
Windows XP you can create your own font!  Pathping (XP & 2000)
A cross between the ping and traceroute utilities. Who needs
 findstr Neotrace when you can use this? Type "pathping <ip
Find String - similar to Linux's Grep. address>" and watch it go.

 fsutil (XP only) - unpublished!  recover (XP & 2000)


This is a utility with a lot of capability. Come back soon for This command can recover readable information from a
great examples. damaged disk and is very easy to use.

 getmac (XP & 2000)  reg (XP & 2000)


This command gets the Media Access Control (MAC) address A console registry tool, great for scripting Registry edits.
of your network cards.
 sc (XP & 2000)
 gpresult (XP & 2000) A command line utility called the Service Controller. A power
This generates a summary of the user settings and computer tool to make service changes via a logon/logoff or
group policy settings. startup/shutdown script.

 gpupdate (XP only)  schtasks (XP only)


A newer version of the AT command. This allows an  WMIC (XP & 2000)
administrator to schedule and manage scheduled tasks on a Windows Management Instrumentation Command tool. This
local and remote machines. allows you to pull an amazing amount of low-level system
information from a command line scripting interface.
 secedit (XP & 2000)
Use this utility to manually apply computer and user policy BASIC SHORTCUTS
from your windows 2000 (or newer) domain. Example to
update the machine policy: secedit /refreshpolicy Alt + F File menu options in current program.
Alt + E Edit options in current program
 machine_policy /enforce F1 Universal Help in almost ever Windows program.
To view help on this, just type secedit. Ctrl + A Select all text.
NOTE: In Windows XP SP1 and news, this command is Ctrl + X Cut selected item.
superceded by: gpupdate /force Shift + Del Cut selected item.
Ctrl + C Copy selected item.
 sfc (XP & 2000) Ctrl + Ins Copy selected item
The system file checker scans important system files and Ctrl + V Paste
replaces the ones you (or your applications) hacked beyond Shift + Ins Paste
repair with the real, official Microsoft versions. Home Goes to beginning of current line.
Ctrl + Home Goes to beginning of document.
 shutdown (XP & 2000) End Goes to end of current line.
With this tool, You can shut down or restart your own Ctrl + End Goes to end of document.
computer, or an administrator can shut down or restart a Shift + Home Highlights from current position to beginning of line.
remote computer. Shift + End Highlights from current position to end of line.
Ctrl +  Moves one word to the left at a time.
 sigverif (XP only) Ctrl +  Moves one word to the right at a time.
Microsoft has created driver signatures. A signed driver is
Microsoft tested and approved. With the sigverif tool you can CONTROL PANEL QUICK KEYS
have all driver files analyzed to verify that they are digitally
signed. Just type 'sigverif' at the command prompt.  Accessibility Options control access.cpl
 Add New Hardware control sysdm.cpl add new
 systeminfo (XP only) hardware
Basic system configuration information, such as the system  Add/Remove Programs control appwiz.cpl
 Date/Time Properties control timedate.cpl
type, the processor type, time zone, virtual memory settings,
 Display Properties control desk.cpl
system uptime, and much more. This program is great for  FindFast control findfast.cpl
creating an inventory of computers on your network.  Fonts Folder control fonts
 Internet Properties control inetcpl.cpl
 sysedit (XP/2000)  Joystick Properties control joy.cpl
System Configuration File Editor. An old tool that was very  Keyboard Properties control main.cpl keyboard
handy for the Windows 9X days. msconfig is what you want  Microsoft Exchange control mlcfg32.cpl
to use now.  (or Windows Messaging)
 Microsoft Mail Post Office control wgpocpl.cpl
 Modem Properties control modem.cpl
 tasklist (XP pro only)
 Mouse Properties control main.cpl
Tasklist is the command console equivalent to the task
 Multimedia Properties control mmsys.cpl
manager in windows. It is a must have when fighting  Network Properties control netcpl.cpl
scumware and viruses. Try the command:
NOTE: In Windows NT 4.0, Network properties is Ncpa.cpl, not
tasklist /svc Netcpl.cpl
to view the memory resources your services take up.
 Password Properties control password.cpl
 taskkill (XP only)  Power Management (Windows 95) control main.cpl power
 Power Management (Windows 98) control powercfg.cpl
Taskkill contains the rest of the task manager functionality. It
 Printers Folder control printers
allows you to kill those unneeded or locked up applications.
 Regional Settings control intl.cpl
 Scanners and Cameras control sticpl.cpl
 tree (XP & 2000)  Sound Properties control mmsys.cpl sounds
An amazing experience everyone should try! This command  System Properties control sysdm.cpl
will provide a 'family tree' style display of the drive/folder you
specify.
EXPLORER SHORTCUTS
WINDOWS SHORTCUT KEYS
Alt +  Back a page.
+D Brings the desktop to the top of all Alt +  Forward a page.
other windows. F5 Refresh current page / frame.
F11 Display the current website in full screen
mode. Pressing F11 again will exit this mode.
+M Minimizes all windows. Esc Stop page or download from loading.
Ctrl + Enter Quickly complete an address.
+ SHIFT + M Undo the minimize done by Ctrl + N Open New browser window.
Ctrl + P Print current page / frame.
Spacebar Moves down a page at a time.
+ M and WINKEY + D. Shift + Spacebar Moves up a page at a time.

+E Open Microsoft Explorer. OUTLOOK SHORTCUTS

 Ctrl + K Complete the name and/or e-mail being


+ Tab Cycle through open programs typed in the e-mail address bar.
through the taskbar.  Ctrl + R Reply to an e-mail.
 Ctrl + F Forward an e-mail.
 Ctrl + N Create a new e-mail.
+F Display the Windows Search / Find
feature.

+ CTRL + F Display the search for


computers window.

+ F1 Display the Microsoft Windows help.

+R Open the run window.

+ Pause / Break key Open the system


properties window.

+U Open Utility Manager.

+L Lock the computer (Windows XP and


above only).
UNIX COMMANDS
 Utils
 Starting
 login: `Logging in'  df: .. shows disk space available on the system
 telnet: Connect to another machine  du: .. shows how much disk space is being used up by
 logout: `Logging out' folders
 chmod .............. changes permissions on a file
 File Commands  bc: .. a simple calculator

 emacs: `Using the emacs text editor'  Compiling


 mkdir: `Creating a directory'
 cd: `Changing your current working directory'  make: compiles source code
 ls: `Finding out what files you have'  gcc (file.c) ....... compiles C source into a file named
 cp: `Making a copy of a file' 'a.out'
 mv: `Changing the name of a file'
 rm: `Getting rid of unwanted files'  Compression Utils
 chmod: `Controlling access to your files'
 cmp: Comparing two files  gzip: best compression for UNIX files
 wc: Word, line, and character count  zip: . zip for IBM files
 compress: Compress a file  tar: . combines multiple files into one or vice-versa
 lharc, lzh, lha .... un-arc'ers, may not be on your system
 Job & Process Control
 Conversion Utils
 ps: `Finding your processes'
 kill: `Killing a process'  dos2unix (file) (new) - strips CR's out of dos text files
 nohup: Continuing a job after logout  unix2dos (file) (new) - adds CR's to unix text files
 nice: Changing the priority of a job
 &: `What is a background process?'
 Cntrl-z: Suspending a process LINUX COMMANDS
 fg: `Resuming a suspended process'
alias Create an alias
 Communication awk Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
 e-mail: `Sending and receiving electronic mail' talk: Talk break Exit from a loop
builtin Run a shell builtin
to another user cal Display a calendar
 write: Write messages to another user case Conditionally perform a command
 sftp: Secure file transfer protocol cat Display the contents of a file
cd Change Directory
cfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
 Information chgrp Change group ownership
 man: Manual pages chmod Change access permissions
 quota -v: Finding out your available disk space quota chown Change file owner and group
 ical: `Using the Ical personal organizer' chroot Run a command with a different root directory
cksum Print CRC checksum and byte counts
 finger: Getting information about a user clear Clear terminal screen
 passwd: Changing your password cmp Compare two files
 who: Finding out who's logged on comm Compare two sorted files line by line
command Run a command - ignoring shell functions
continue Resume the next iteration of a loop
 Printing cp Copy one or more files to another location
 lpr: `Printing' cron Daemon to execute scheduled commands
 lprm: Removing a print job crontab Schedule a command to run at a later time
 lpq: Checking the print queues csplit Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut Divide a file into several parts
date Display or change the date & time
 Finding dc Desk Calculator
dd Data Dump - Convert and copy a file
 grep: search for a string in a file declare Declare variables and give them attributes
df Display free disk space
 tail: show the last few lines of a file diff Display the differences between two files
 who: . shows who is logged into the local system diff3 Show differences among three files
 w: ... shows who is logged on and what they're doing dir Briefly list directory contents
 finger (emailaddr).. shows more information about a user dircolors Colour setup for `ls'
dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs Display list of remembered directories
du Estimate file space usage
echo Display message on screen printf Format and print data
ed A line-oriented text editor (edlin) ps Process status
egrep Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression pushd Save and then change the current directory
eject Eject CD-ROM pwd Print Working Directory
enable Enable and disable builtin shell commands quota Display disk usage and limits
env Display, set, or remove environment variables quotachec k Scan a file system for disk usage
eval Evaluate several commands/arguments quotactl Set disk quotas
exec Execute a command ram ram disk device
exit Exit the shell rcp Copy files between two machines.
expand Convert tabs to spaces read read a line from standard input
export Set an environment variable readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
expr Evaluate expressions remsync Synchronize remote files via email
factor Print prime factors return Exit a shell function
fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk rm Remove files
fdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux rmdir Remove folder(s)
fgrep Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string rpm Remote Package Manager
find Search for files that meet a desired criteria rsync Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
fmt Reformat paragraph text screen Terminal window manager
fold Wrap text to fit a specified width. sdiff Merge two files interactively
for Expand words, and execute commands sed Stream Editor
format Format disks or tapes select Accept keyboard input
free Display memory usage seq Print numeric sequences
fsck File system consistency check and repair set Manipulate shell variables and functions
function Define Function Macros shift Shift positional parameters
gawk Find and Replace text within file(s) shopt Shell Options
getopts Parse positional parameters shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
grep Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern sleep Delay for a specified time
groups Print group names a user is in sort Sort text files
gzip Compress or decompress named file(s) source Run commands from a file `.'
hash Remember the full pathname of a name argument split Split a file into fixed-size pieces
head Output the first part of file(s) su Substitute user identity
history Command History sum Print a checksum for a file
hostname Print or set system name symlink Make a new name for a file
id Print user and group id's sync Synchronize data on disk with memory
if Conditionally perform a command tac Concatenate and write files in reverse
import Capture an X server screen and save the image to file tail Output the last part of files
info Help info tar Tape ARchiver
install Copy files and set attributes tee Redirect output to multiple files
join Join lines on a common field test Evaluate a conditional expression
kill Stop a process from running time Measure Program running time
less Display output one screen at a time times User and system times
let Perform arithmetic on shell variables touch Change file timestamps
ln Make links between files top List processes running on the system
local Create variables tracerout e Trace Route to Host
locate Find files trap Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
logname Print current login name tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
logout Exit a login shell tsort Topological sort
look Display lines beginning with a given string tty Print filename of terminal on stdin
lpc Line printer control program type Describe a command
lpr Off line print ulimit Limit user resources
lprint Print a file umask Users file creation mask
lprintd Abort a print job umount Unmount a device
lprintq List the print queue unalias Remove an alias
lprm Remove jobs from the print queue uname Print system information
ls List information about file(s) unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
m4 Macro processor uniq Uniquify files
man Help manual units Convert units from one scale to another
mkdir Create new folder(s) unset Remove variable or function names
mkfifo Make FIFOs (named pipes) unshar Unpack shell archive scripts
mknod Make block or character special files until Execute commands (until error)
more Display output one screen at a time useradd Create new user account
mount Mount a file system usermod Modify user account
mtools Manipulate MS-DOS files users List users currently logged in
mv Move or rename files or directories uuencode Encode a binary file
nice Set the priority of a command or job uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode
nl Number lines and write files v Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
nohup Run a command immune to hangups vdir Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
passwd Modify a user password vi Text Editor
paste Merge lines of files watch Execute/display a program periodically
pathchk Check file name portability wc Print byte, word, and line counts
ping Test a network connection whereis Report all known instances of a command
popd Restore the previous value of the current directory which Locate a program file in the user's path.
pr Prepare files for printing while Execute commands
printcap Printer capability database who Print all usernames currently logged in
printenv Print environment variables whoami Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
xargs Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
yes Print a string until interrupted 1. Background
.period Run commands from a file
2. Introduction (Scope)
### Comment / Remark
3. Assumptions
4. Test Items
Software Design Specification Outline List each of the items (programs) to be tested.
5. Features to be tested
 Introduction List each of the features (functions or requirements) which
 System Overview will be tested or demonstrated by the test.
 Design Considerations 6. Features not to be tested
 Assumptions and Dependencies Explicitly lists each feature, function, or requirement which
 General Constraints won't be tested and why not.
 Goals and Guidelines 7. Approach
 Development Methods Describe the data flows and test philosophy. Simulation or
 Architectural Strategies Live execution, Etc.
 strategy-1 name or description 8. Item Pass/Fail Criteria Blanket statement
 strategy-2 name or description Itemized list of expected output and tolerances
 System Architecture 9. Suspension/Resumption Criteria
 component-1 name or description Must the test run from start to completion?
 component-2 name or description Under what circumstances may it be resumed in the
 Policies and Tactics middle?
 policy/tactic-1 name or description Establish check-points in long tests.
 policy/tactic-2 name or description 10. Test Deliverables
 Detailed System Design What, besides software, will be delivered?
 module-1 name or description Test report
Test software
 module-2 name or description
11. Testing Tasks
 Glossary
Functional tasks (e.g., equipment set up)
 Bibliography
Administrative tasks
12. Environmental Needs
More TECH KEYWORDS Security clearance
Office space & equipment
 Kick-start Hardware/software requirements
 Embark, Commence 13. Responsibilities
 Executing Who does the tasks in Section 10?
 Dispatch What does the user do?
 Hinge 14. Staff and Training
 Underpinnings 15. Schedule
 Instant 16. Resources
 Lightweight 17. Risks and Contingencies
 Apparatus 18. Approvals
 Instrumentation
 Mechanism
 Retrofit
 Retreat
 Compute
 Hack / Tweak
 Flush
 Drain
 Draw – draw down
 Marshal – marshal data
 Propagate
 Hurdles
 Traverse
 Bundle

TEST PLAN OUTLINE

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