Workspace

 After installing TEMS and opening the Data

collection window we need to create a workspace
so, that we can save the windows for 3G drive test,
saving us from tedious work of opening it every
time we want to collect drive data.
 We need to open a new worksheet for the same and
the procedure has been shown in the following
slide.
Workspace
Worksheet
 Once we have opened a new worksheet, we will
start with a map which shows us our current
location and also guides us the area and the roads
we need to cover with the help of GPS.
 It also displays all our Node B’s.
Map Window


Select presentation on the information bar.
 Go to positioning and select map.
Cellfile Load
 To see the NodeBs installed in the operator’s network
we need to add the cellfile to our Map.
Following are the steps for same –
 Go to configuration on the tools bar.

 Select General.

 Select Cellfile Load.

 Go to ADD and select the required cellfile.

Following slide shows the same-

Loading Cellfile

Select General

Cellfile Load
Vectors

Layer Control

Open Map
Vectors
 In the above snapshot select the second icon from
left which shows “open map” and browse for
vectors.
 Select the vectors and put them on the map to show
the roads highways, railways etc.
 We can also remove and add things by going to
“Layer control” option on top of the map toolbar.
Workspace
 Now we will see various windows we need to open for 3G
drive test.
 3G stands for 3rd Generation.
 In technical terms it is also known as WCDMA
 WCDMA – Wide Band Code Division Multiple Access.
 It is called WCDMA because it uses code division multiple
access on a large bandwidth of 5MHz.
 This 5MHz frequency is further divided into 512 Scrambling
codes.
 Before going into further details lets see the windows we need
to open for drive test -
Serving/Active Set + Neighbors
Layer 3 Messages
Radio Parameters
WCDMA HSPA/GSM Data Line Chart
GSM Neighbors
 We can see a lot of aspects of 3G with the use of
the windows we have opened for data colletion.
Serving/Active Set + Neighbors
 This window contains a lot of aspects of 3G and
has a lot to be explained –
 Cell I.D – This is the identity or name given to a
particular Node B and its cell by the operator.
 UARFCN – It is the frequency band allotted to the
operator. One spectrum bandwidth is of 5MHz in
WCDMA or 3G.This window shows us the centre
frequency of the bandwidth allotted to the operator.
Serving/Active Set + Neighbors
 Cell Name – It is the name given to particular
Node B’s by the operator generally along the lines
of the name of the area the Node B is located in.
 Scrambling Code – Scrambling code is a code
assigned to a particular cell. There are 512 such
codes for the network to differentiate among
different Node B’s and these codes can be
repetitive. They are of two types primary and
secondary.
Serving/Active Set + Neighbors
 AS – This stands for Active Set. Active Set is the set
of Scrambling Code which the U.E is currently
latched on and there can be a maximum of 6
Scrambling codes in Active Set.
 MN – MN Stands for monitored neighbor i.e the
neighbor cell that is detected by the U.E as a
neighbor and is also defined as a neighbor in the
network. U.E will initiate a Handover onto the
monitored neighbor in case the monitored neighbor
has a stronger Rx level than the AS.
Serving/Active Set + Neighbors
 DN - DN stands for Detected Neighbor and as the
name suggests it is the neighbor detected by the UE
but, is not defined in our network . Hence, the U.E
does not handover to the detected neighbor. It can
be because of Overshooting of a site, incomplete
neighbor list or in case of a new site. It is very
important to optimize and have no DN’s as they are
one of the major reasons of Call drops in 3G.
Radio Parameters
 CPICH Ec/No – Common Pilot channel Ec/No is
the ratio of energy of the chip and the combined
power of all the signals including the pilot itself
received by the UE at that particular point. It is a
very important factor for call quality.
 CPICH RSCP – Received Signal Code Power is
the level of the signal received by the U.E from a
particular pilot.
Radio Parameters
Radio parameters are the parameters of a Mobile
equipment –
Tx Power – As the name suggests it is the transmitting
power of a Mobile Station. Its value can vary from
-50 to 50. The minimum the Tx power of the Mobile
station the better it is for call quality.
UTRA Carrier RSSI - It is the Received Signal Strength
Indicator of the Mobile Station or the U.E. It tells us the
total Power Received by the Mobile Station from all the
Pilots including itself at that particular location.
Radio Parameters
 SIR – It is the signal to interference Ratio is the
ratio of Energy in the DPCC(Dedicated Physical
Control Channel) to that of the interference and
noise received by the U.E.
 Target SIR – It is the target Signal to Interference
ratio that Mobile Equipment is supposed to achieve
by increasing or decreasing its power. It is set by
the use of Power Control procedure.
Radio Parameters
 SQI - It is the speech Quality Index which is a
parameter to rate the voice Quality on that
particular call. It ranges from 0 – 30 with 30 being
the best quality.
 RRC State – It tells the current state and channel
as in Idle or dedicated.
 Mode – It is the mode that we are using GSM or
WCDMA.
Layer 3 Messages
 Layer 3 Messages are the messages on the Uu
interface i.e between Mobile station and the Node
B.
GSM Neighbors
 This window is very helpful in case of 2G – 3G
Handovers as we can see all the 2G neighbors of
that particular 3G cell in the compressed mode
state which would be explained later on.
HSPA/GSM Line Chart
 This window gives us the data speed for both 3G
and 2G modes depending on which mode the
mobile equipment is.
 RLC DL Throughput – This is the total throughput
on the downlink at that particular point.
 The speed shown in this window as throughput is
in Kilobits/sec.
Active Window
Handovers
In UMTS there are the following type of Handovers-
Intra Frequency Handovers-
 Softer Handover – The HO’s that take place between any

sectors of the same node B come under this category.

 Soft Handover – The HO’s that take place between different

Node Bs running on same frequency are called soft HOs.

Inter Frequency Handover-
 Hard Handover – The HO’s that take place between Node

Bs running on different frequencies. HOs from 2G-3G fall

under this category.
Active Set Update
 In 3G there can be six pilots in the active set. But, we
generally set it at maximum of three(depends on the operator)
to avoid Pilot pollution. In case of soft Handover all the cells
which are in MN can be entered into Active set but, only till
the maximum limit of three. This procedure of soft HO from
monitored to Active set is called Active set update.
Active Set Update(Soft HO)

Monitored Neighbor

Current Location
Active Set Update(Soft HO)

Added to Active Set

Active Set
Update

Current Location