ANESTHETICS

- Classifieds as General & Local

- Gen. Anesthesia depress the CNS, Alleviate pain & loss of consciousness
- Given by inhalation or I.V
INHALED ANESTHETICS
1. NITROUS OXIDE
- A potent analgesic but a weak as a general anesthetics, thus it is frequently
combined with other more potent agents.
- Doesn’t depress respiration nor produce muscle relaxant.
- Has a least effect on CVS.
- Least Hepatotoxicity

2. VOLATINE LIQUID
 HALOTHANE
- A potent Anesthetics
- It is a vagomimetic effect & will cause atropine sensitive bradycardia
- Produces hypertension
- It is not Hepatotoxic in children – Agent of choices
 ENFLURANE
- Less potent but produces rapid induction & recovery
- It is excreted by the kidney therefore it is C/I in patient with kidney
failure
- Produces fever, Arrhythmias, less sensitization of the heart to
catecholamines & greater potentation of muscle relaxants.
 METHOXYFLURANE
- Must potent inhalation anesthetics because of its solubility in
lipids.
- Use in child-birth because it doesn’t relax the uterus wen briefly
inhaled.
.
- It is a vagomimetic effect & will cause atropine sensitive bradycardia
- Produces hypertension
- It is not Hepatotoxic in children – Agent of choices
 ENFLURANE
- Less potent but produces rapid induction & recovery
- It is excreted by the kidney therefore it is C/I in patient with kidney failure
- Produces fever, Arrhythmias, less sensitization of the heart to catecholamines &
greater potentation of muscle relaxants.
 METHOXYFLURANE
- Must potent inhalation anesthetics because of its solubility in
lipids.
- Use in child-birth because it doesn’t relax the uterus wen briefly
inhaled.
-
- ISOFLURANE
 SEVOFLURANE
INTRAVENOUS ANESTHTICS
1. BARBITURATES – Thiopental
2. BENZODIAZEPINES – Diazepam, Medozalam, Lorazepam
3. OPIDIDS – Has a analgesic property
4. KETAMINE – A short-acting non barbiturate anesthesia that induces a
dissociative anesthesia. Patient appears awake but unconscious & doesn’t feel
pain
5. PROPOFOL – Sedative-hypnotic used in the induction or maintenance of
anesthesia
LOCAL ANESTHESIA
- These drug are applied locally or block the nerve conduction of sensory
impulses from the periphery to the CNS
- Abolish sensation in a limited area of the body without producing
unconsciousness
- These drugs are:
Cocaine HCL, Procaine HCL, Lidocaine HCL