Professional Documents
Culture Documents
After you have collected and organized all the information you need to put in the web pages, the
next thing you have to learn is how to create the web pages. Planning your Web Pages
A web page is essentially a text file written in a simple language called HTML (Hypertext Markup
Language). When you create a web page, no matter which you use to write--Netscape
composer , Microsoft Front Page or a text file--you need a browser (Netscape Navigator,
Netscape Communicator, Opera or Internet Explorer 3.01 / 4.0) to interpret and to understand the
HTML coding.
We will use Netscape Communicator and
Note pad as our tools throughout this
tutorial
Once you have all the tools, you can start learning to create a web page. First, when you write in
HTML, you need to learn and memorize tags (codes within '<' and '>', for example, <HTML>
</HTML><HEAD> and so on) in HTML.
The <TITLE> tags indicate the title of the HTML document. The title will appear on the upper left of the
browser. Type the <TITLE> tags within the <HEAD> tags.
Attributes:
BACKGROUND="" The name of the image to tile on the page background
BGCOLOR="" The color of the page background
TEXT="" The color of the page's text
LINK="" The color of the page's link
ALINK="" The color of the page's Activated links
VLINK="" The color of the page's Visited links
Now that you know the four important Tags and have used them, you need to save the HTML document
that you have written in Notepad. Please remember that the HTML document must be saved in HTML
format; that is, the filename must end with the .htm or .asp extension. For example, the filename for most
first pages will be index.htm or welcome.htm. You can save your WebPages under whatever name you
choose, but do remember that all the filenames you save will be case sensitive. Please use only
alphabets, number and underscore ( _ ) as no special character can be used in naming files. After you
have saved the HTML document, you can view it by launching Netscape Communicator or any other web
browser. Go to the File menu, and then to Open Page (or shortcut key - Ctrl+O) and try to open the HTML
document that you created. After choosing the HTML document, click the Open Button. It will display the
WebPages that you have just created.
You can add more attributes by typing them within the <OL> tag. <OL START=" "?
<UL>Unordered List
The unordered list is not numbered but will display a bulleted list.
Nested Lists (list within a list) The figure below shows a nested List. It is a combination of the Order List
and the Unordered List. The list that starts with numbers is the Ordered List, and the list that starts with
bullets is called the Unordered List.
Creating a Basic Web Page
Aligning Content Formatting Text
After putting listed items in the webpages, you will need to align them in the center of your webpages.
<CENTER> Center Align
Simply type in the <CENTER> tags, with the opening and closing tags, and the text or image within these
tags, will be aligned to the center of your web page. The structure of the tags will be as below:
<CENTER> All the text and image will be centered </CENTER>
Formatting the Text
<B> Bold
This tag will make the selected text appear in bold. The following line will show you the tag in the HTML
document:
This text will be <B>bold</B>.
You will see:This text will be bold.
<I>Italic
This tag will make the selected text appear in italics. The following line will show you the effect: This text
will be <I> italic </I> .
You will see: This text will be italicized.
<U> Underlined
This tag will make the selected text appear underlined. The following line will show you the effect:
This text will be <U> underlined </U> .
You will see: This text will be underlined.
BLINK Blink
This tag will make the selected text blink. The following line will show you the effect: This text will
<BLINK> blink </BLINK .
You will see: This text will Blink.
Playing with Font
If your webpages consist of a lot of plain text, it will appear monotonous. You can avoid this by changing
the setting of the fonts in your webpages.
<FONT> Font
This tag will tell the web browser to do something to the font you are using. Normally, the <FONT> tag will
help you to make the font from your homepage look better. You will need to add instruction to the tag as
below:
<FONT> The font you want to change </FONT>
If you type the <FONT> tag without any attribute, it wouldn't show any change. You need to add some
attributes or at least one of the attributes, such as: <FONT SIZE=""?>
Attributes:
<SIZE=" "> Tells the browser the size of the text
COLOR=" " Tells the browser the color of the text
FACE=" " Tells the browser the type of font to use.
FONT <SIZE="+3"> Size </FONT> gives Size
<FONT COLOR="Red"> Color </FONT> gives Color
<FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="+3"> Face </FONT> gives Face
Table Caption
The result will Header 1 Header 2
look like this:
Data 1 Data 2
TABLE BORDER=1
<TR>
<TD>Row 1 Data 1 </TD>
<TD>Row 1 Data 2 </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> Row 2 Data 1 </TD>
<TD>Row 2 Data 2 </TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
Attributes
BORDER=" " This determines the thickness of the border of the table
This specifies the width for the table.
WIDTH=" "
(In pixels)
This specifies the height for the table.
HEIGHT=" "
(In pixels)
BGCOLOR= " " This determines the color of the table
Result:
Player Name Team Win / Loss
AAA 16-2
Sabah Net
BBB 19-2
DDD XYZ Co 10-2
<TH>Team </TH>
<TH>Win / Loss </TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>AAA </TD>
<TD>KKIPC </TD>
<TD>16-2 </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> BBB </TD>
< TD> KKIPC </TD>
<TD>19-2</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>DDD </TD>
<TD> XYZ Co. /TD>
<TD>10-2</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE BORDER=1>
<TR>
<TH CALCSPAN=2>Personal information </TH>
Player Name
<TH>Statistic </TH>
</TR>
<TR>
Result:
Personal information Statistic
Player Name Team Win / Loss
AAA KKIPC 16-2
BBB KKIPC 19-2
DDD XYZ Co. 10-2
</FORM>
METHOD=" "
To tell the browser what the form will do; either send information back to the server or try to get
information from the server. (Values are POST and GET)
POST
This is used if the user doesn't need to send any information back. (Feedback form, Order form, Survey
form)
GET
The user expects to receive some information. (Search Machine, Online Applications such as Calculator,
Games, etc.)
ACTION="URL "
This tells the browser where the URL that contain the query program or server to which the contents of
the form that return will be sent to. (Normally, you need to create a CGI program in order to interpret the
data that obtained from the webpages
Adding Final Touches to Web Page
Elements in a Form
There are a variety of elements that can be used within a form to provide interface for user response. This
section provides a narrative through the most popularly used elements:
Top of Form
The Input :
This element is the basic way to get input from the user in a variety of situations. The key that an input
element can define many types of graphical user interface features:
• pull-down menus
• radio buttons
• text fields
• checkboxes
These are all variations on the INPUT element with a different type attribute set for each. There are many
situations when eliciting user response can be done using INPUT. For example, asking for a visitor's
name. Here is the tag that queries the user for a name. (Using "text" as the value of the attribute TYPE)
Name: <INPUT TYPE="text" SIZE=40 NAME="name">
The "text" values of the attribute TYPE identify this as a single line text input field that will display 40
characters. The NAME attribute of the INPUT tag designates the variable name that will be used in the
data structure sent to the query program. This NAME is used to identify the value of the user's response
from the INPUT tag.
The INPUT tag can be used to create many different kinds of user interface features. This is an INPUT
"checkbox" example used to ask the user to fill in any number of responses:
The <SUBMIT>
This is also one of the elements of the INPUT. This element will allow the user to click and send the form
to the URL that specified in the <FORM>. The structure of this tag will look like:
<INPUT TYPE="Submit" NAME="Submit"
VALUE="Sent Form">
The value, "Sent Form", that you see in the tag will appear on the face of the button. Therefore, there is
no need to type in any word after the tag.
The <RESET>
The tag is opposite the SUBMIT> tag as it will clear all the input entered by the user. The value ="Clear
Form", also will appear on the face of the button. The structure of this tag is:
<INPUT TYPE="Reset" NAME="reset" VALUE="Clear Form">
Example of a form:
<FORM METHOD="POST" ACTION="cgi-bin/order.pl">
<Name:INPUT TYPE="text" SIZE="40" NAME="name">
<Age:INPUT TYPE="text" SIZE="5" NAME="age">
This is an INPUT "radio" button example used to ask the user
to fill in one and only one selection from a series of
responses:
Sex:
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="sex" VALUE="male">Male
<INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="sex" VALUE="female">Female
Interest:
<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="badminton">Badminton
<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="swimming">Swimming
<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="reading">Reading
<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="cycling">Cycling
< INPUT TYPE="Submit" NAME="submit" VALUE="Send Form">
<INPUT TYPE="Reset" NAME="reset" VALUE="Clear Form">
<INPUT TYPE="Button" NAME="button" VALUE="Normal Button">
</FORM>
Bottom of Form
3D Graphic
Output:
The SELECT element offers the user only one response out of the possible choices and this selection is
displayed. To permit the user to select more than one response, you need to add the attribute "Multiple":
Please select those which interest you:
<SELECT NAME="Interesting" SIZE=2 Multiple>
<OPTION>3D Graphic
<OPTION>Animation
<OPTION>Internet
</SELECT>
Top of Form
3D Graphic
Animation
Output:
Bottom of Form
With this, the user can select more than one option. Functionally, this SELECT Multiple element is
equivalent to the INPUT element of TYPE="Checkbox", where any number of selections can be made.
Adding Final Touches to Web Page
The <TEXTAREA>
This element enables the user to enter several lines of text (as opposed to the single line with an INPUT
element of <TYPE="text").
A sample TEXTAREA tag is:
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
This allows the user to enter any amount of text, with only four rows and thirty columns visible. The user
can type more than what is visible in the text area, subject to the browser's arbitrary amount of text
enterable.
Intro to design
Designing a web page can be a lot of fun, but it can also be very intimidating. We'll help you tackle HTML,
graphics, and everything else you need to learn to design good pages.
Before you begin, you need a few tools!
Most important, you need a good graphics program. We recommend Paint Shop Pro (for PC users) Paint
Shop Pro is a very good, user-friendly graphics program. It's also inexpensive. If you want a more
powerful graphics program, Adobe Photoshop is the best out there, but it comes with a hefty price tag.
You'll probably also want an HTML editor,although you can use a
program like Notepad to do your coding. There are two types of HTML editors, WYSIWYG (What you see
is what you get) and plain old HTML editors.
WYSIWYG editors have you work in a graphical interface instead of working with HTML code. This is
easiest for beginners, but you won't learn your HTML too well, and WYSIWYG editors are infamous for
writing poor code. Front Page Express (comes with IE 4.0 and later) and Netscape Composer (comes
with Netscape) are both decent free WYSIWYG editors, but if you want something more powerful, we
recommend Macromedia Dreamweaver or Frontpage 2000. In normal HTML editors, you work directly
with HTML code, but there are a lot of features which save you time as compared to writing all of the code
by hand. The best is Allaire Homesite.
Now you are ready to start designing!
Trouble Shooting Images
Images Problems
So, you have images on your page that just will not show up, and you are ready to have some choice
words with your computer. You don't really want to mess up your computer, do you? Well, maybe this
little guide will help you figure it out!
Let's start out by checking out what a broken image looks like in both browsers. In Netscape, you get the
little grey paper with the bottom corner torn and some colorful shapes on it. In IE, you get a little white box
with a red "x" inside of it.
Below is what they look like:
in PC
Now, to get rid of these little symbols, we need to figure out what is causing the problem. Well, let's start
with a web page that you have live on the web. We will work with pages that are offline a little later.