M-1-Razlika kvadrata Kompletni postupak i rješenja

Rastavi na faktore koristeći se formulom za razliku kvadrata

38. a 2 − b2 = ( a − b ) ⋅ ( a + b )

1) x 2 − 9 = x 2 − 32 = ( x − 3)( x + 3)

2) x 2 − 16 = x 2 − 42 = ( x − 4 )( x + 4 )

3) x 2 − y 2 = ( x − y )( x + y )

4) 4 − y 2 = 22 − y 2 = ( 2 − y )( 2 + y )

5) 49 − a 2 = 7 2 − a 2 = ( 7 − a )( 7 + a )

6) 81 − b 2 = 92 − b 2 = ( 9 − b )( 9 + b )

7) 4 x 2 − 1 = 22 ⋅ x 2 − 12 = ( 2 x ) − 12 = ( 2 x − 1)( 2 x + 1)
2

8) 1 − 9 y 2 = 12 − 32 ⋅ y 2 = 12 − ( 3 y ) = (1 − 3 y )(1 + 3 y )
2

9) 25 y 2 − 1 44 = 52 ⋅ y 2 − 122 = ( 5 y ) − 122 = ( 5 y − 12 )( 5 y + 12 )
2

10) 9 x 2 − 16 = 32 ⋅ x 2 − 42 = ( 3 x ) − 42 = ( 3 x − 4 )( 3 x + 4 )
2

11) x 2 − 16 y 2 = x 2 − 42 ⋅ y 2 = x 2 − ( 4 y ) = ( x − 4 y )( x + 4 y )
2

12) 4 x 2 − 9 y 2 = 22 ⋅ x 2 − 32 ⋅ y 2 = ( 2 x ) − ( 3 y ) = ( 2 x − 3 y )( 2 x + 3 y )
2 2

13) 16a 2 − 49b 2 = 42 ⋅ a 2 − 7 2 ⋅ b 2 = ( 4a ) − ( 7b ) = ( 4a − 7b )( 4a + 7b )

2 2

14) 25 x 2 − 49 y 2 = 52 ⋅ x 2 − 7 2 ⋅ y 2 = ( 5 x ) − ( 7 y ) = ( 5 x − 7 y )( 5 x + 7 y )
2 2

15) 144a 2 − 81b 2 = 122 ⋅ a 2 − 92 ⋅ b 2 = (12a ) − ( 9b ) = (12a − 9b )(12a + 9b )

2 2

16) 225a 2b 2 − 289c 2 = 152 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b 2 − 17 2 ⋅ c 2 = (15ab ) − (17c ) = (15ab − 17c )(15ab + 17c )
2 2

17) 169 x 2 − 196 y 2 = 132 ⋅ x 2 − 142 ⋅ y 2 = (13x ) − (14 y ) = (13 x − 14 y )(13 x + 14 y )

2 2

M.I.M.-Sraga -2003/06. www.mim-sraga.com

M-1-Razlika kvadrata Kompletni postupak i rješenja

38.

18) x 2 y 2 − 225 = x 2 ⋅ y 2 − 152 = ( xy ) − 152 = ( xy − 15 )( xy + 15 )

2

19) 0.64 x 2 − 0.25 = 0.82 ⋅ x 2 − 0.52 = ( 0.8 x ) − 0.52 = ( 0.8 x − 0.5 )( 0.8 x + 0.5 )
2

20) 0.09 x 2 − 0.49 y 2 = 0.32 ⋅ x 2 − 0.7 2 ⋅ y 2 = ( 0.3x ) − ( 0.7 y ) = ( 0.3x − 0.7 y )( 0.3x + 0.7 y )
2 2

21) 0.09a 2 − 2.25b 2 = 0.32 ⋅ a 2 − 1.52 ⋅ b 2 = ( 0.3a ) − (1.5b ) = ( 0.3a − 1.5b )( 0.3a + 1.5b )
2 2

22) 1.69a 2 − 2.89b 2 = 1.32 ⋅ a 2 − 1.7 2 ⋅ b 2 = (1.3a ) − (1.7 b ) = (1.3a − 1.7 b )(1.3a + 1.7 b )
2 2

23) 1.69a 2 b 2 − 2.89c 2 = 1.32 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b 2 − 1.7 2 ⋅ c 2 =

= (1.3ab ) − (1.7c ) = (1.3ab − 1.7c )(1.3ab + 1.7c )
2 2

24) 2.56a 2 − 3.61b 2 c 2 = 1.62 ⋅ a 2 − 1.92 ⋅ b 2 ⋅ c 2 =

= (1. 6a ) − (1.9bc ) = (1.6a − 1.9bc )(1.6a + 1.9bc )
2 2

2 2
1 2 12 ⎛1⎞ ⎛1 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞
25) x − 9 = 2 ⋅ x 2 − 32 = ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ x 2 − 32 = ⎜ x ⎟ − 32 = ⎜ x − 3 ⎟ ⎜ x + 3 ⎟
4 2 ⎝2⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠

2
25 52 ⎛5⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞⎛ 5⎞
26) x − 2
= x2 − 2 = x2 − ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ x − ⎟ ⎜ x + ⎟
36 6 ⎝6⎠ ⎝ 6 ⎠⎝ 6⎠

2 2 2 2
4 2 1 22 12 ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛2 ⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛2 1 ⎞⎛ 2 1⎞
27) x − = 2 ⋅ x2 − 2 = ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ x2 − ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ x ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ x − ⎟ ⎜ x + ⎟
9 16 3 4 ⎝3⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎝3 ⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎝3 4 ⎠⎝ 3 4⎠

2 2
4 2 36 2 22 2 62 2 ⎛ 2 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 6 ⎞ 2
28) x − y = 2 ⋅x − 2 ⋅ y = ⎜ ⎟ ⋅x −⎜ ⎟ ⋅ y =
25 169 5 13 ⎝5⎠ ⎝ 13 ⎠
2 2
⎛2 ⎞ ⎛ 6 ⎞ ⎛2 6 ⎞⎛ 2 6 ⎞
= ⎜ x⎟ − ⎜ y ⎟ = ⎜ x − y ⎟⎜ x + y⎟
⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 13 ⎠ ⎝5 13 ⎠ ⎝ 5 13 ⎠
ili kraće:
2 2
4 2 36 2 22 2 62 2 ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 6 ⎞ ⎛2 6 ⎞⎛ 2 6 ⎞
x − y = 2 ⋅ x − 2 ⋅ y = ⎜ x ⎟ − ⎜ y ⎟ = ⎜ x − y ⎟⎜ x + y⎟
25 169 5 13 ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 13 ⎠ ⎝5 13 ⎠⎝ 5 13 ⎠

M.I.M.-Sraga -2003/06. www.mim-sraga.com

M-1-Razlika kvadrata Kompletni postupak i rješenja

38.

2 2
4 2 25 2 22 2 52 2 ⎛ 2 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 5 ⎞ 2
29) x − y = 2 ⋅x − 2 ⋅ y = ⎜ ⎟ ⋅x −⎜ ⎟ ⋅ y =
9 49 3 7 ⎝3⎠ ⎝7⎠
2 2
⎛2 ⎞ ⎛5 ⎞ ⎛2 5 ⎞⎛ 2 5 ⎞
= ⎜ x⎟ − ⎜ y ⎟ = ⎜ x − y⎟⎜ x + y⎟
⎝3 ⎠ ⎝7 ⎠ ⎝3 7 ⎠⎝ 3 7 ⎠

16 2 2 25 2 42 2 2 52 2
30) x y − z = 2 ⋅x ⋅ y − 2 ⋅z =
49 81 7 9
2 2
⎛4 ⎞ ⎛5 ⎞ ⎛4 5 ⎞⎛ 4 5 ⎞
= ⎜ xy ⎟ − ⎜ z ⎟ = ⎜ xy − z ⎟ ⎜ xy + z ⎟
⎝7 ⎠ ⎝9 ⎠ ⎝7 9 ⎠⎝ 7 9 ⎠

2 2
x 2 16 x 2 42 ⎛ x ⎞ ⎛4⎞ ⎛ x 4 ⎞⎛ x 4 ⎞
3 1) − = − =⎜ ⎟ . ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ − ⎟⎜ + ⎟
9 y 2 92 y 2 ⎝ 9 ⎠ ⎝ y⎠ ⎝ 9 y ⎠⎝ 9 y ⎠

2 2
25 49 52 7 2 ⎛ 5 ⎞ ⎛ 7 ⎞ ⎛ 5 7 ⎞⎛ 5 7 ⎞
32) 2
− 2 = 2 − 2 = ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ − ⎟⎜ + ⎟
x y x y ⎝ x⎠ ⎝ y⎠ ⎝ x y ⎠⎝ x y ⎠

( 6a ) ( 7c )
2 2
36a 2 49c 2 62 ⋅ a 2 7 2 ⋅ c 2
33) − = − 2 2 = − =
9 ⋅d ( 9d )
2 2 2
b 81d b b2 2

2 2
⎛ 6a ⎞ ⎛ 7 x ⎞ ⎛ 6 a 7 x ⎞ ⎛ 6a 7 x ⎞
= ⎜ ⎟ −⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ − ⎟⎜ + ⎟
⎝ b ⎠ ⎝ 9d ⎠ ⎝ b 9d ⎠ ⎝ b 9d ⎠

2 2
36a 2 49c 2 62 ⋅ a 2 7 2 ⋅ c 2 ⎛ 6a ⎞ ⎛ 7 x ⎞ ⎛ 6a 7 x ⎞ ⎛ 6a 7 x ⎞
33) − = − 2 2 = ⎜ ⎟ −⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ − ⎟⎜ + ⎟
b 2
81d 2
b 2
9 ⋅d ⎝ b ⎠ ⎝ 9d ⎠ ⎝ b 9d ⎠ ⎝ b 9d ⎠

2
36 2 62 ⎛ 6 ⎞ ⎛ 6 ⎞⎛ 6 ⎞
y = 1.22 ⋅ x 2 − 2 ⋅ y 2 = (1.2 x ) − ⎜ y ⎟ = ⎜1.2 x − y ⎟ ⎜1.2 x +
2
34) 1.44 x − 2
y⎟
169 13 ⎝ 13 ⎠ ⎝ 13 ⎠ ⎝ 13 ⎠
ili ovako:
2 2 2
36 2 62 ⎛ 6 ⎞ ⎛ 12 ⎞ ⎛ 6 ⎞
y = 1.22 ⋅ x 2 − 2 ⋅ y 2 = (1.2 x ) − ⎜ y ⎟ = ⎜ x ⎟ − ⎜ y ⎟ =
2
1.44 x −
2

169 13 ⎝ 13 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 13 ⎠
2 2
⎛6 ⎞ ⎛ 6 ⎞ ⎛6 6 ⎞⎛ 6 6 ⎞
= ⎜ x⎟ − ⎜ y⎟ = ⎜ x − y⎟⎜ x + y⎟
⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 13 ⎠ ⎝5 13 ⎠ ⎝ 5 13 ⎠

M.I.M.-Sraga -2003/06. www.mim-sraga.com

M-1-Razlika kvadrata Kompletni postupak i rješenja

38.

2
16 2 42 ⎛4 ⎞ ⎛ 4 ⎞⎛ 4 ⎞
c = 1.52 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b 2 − 2 ⋅ c 2 = (1.5ab ) − ⎜ c ⎟ = ⎜1.5ab − c ⎟ ⎜1.5ab − c ⎟
2
35) 2.25a b − 2 2

25 5 ⎝5 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠⎝ 5 ⎠
ili ovako:
2 2 2
16 2 225 2 2 42 2 152 2 2 ⎛ 4 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 15 ⎞ 2 2 ⎛ 4 ⎞
2.25a b −
2 2
c = ⋅ a ⋅b − 2 ⋅ c = 2 ⋅ a ⋅b − ⎜ ⎟ ⋅c = ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ a ⋅b − ⎜ c ⎟ =
25 100 5 10 ⎝5⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝5 ⎠
2 2 2 2
⎛3⎞ ⎛4 ⎞ ⎛3 ⎞ ⎛4 ⎞ ⎛3 4 ⎞⎛ 3 4 ⎞
= ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b 2 − ⎜ c ⎟ = ⎜ ab ⎟ − ⎜ c ⎟ = ⎜ ab − c ⎟ ⎜ ab + c ⎟
⎝2⎠ ⎝5 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝5 ⎠ ⎝2 5 ⎠⎝ 2 5 ⎠

2
25 2 52 ⎛5 ⎞ ⎛5 ⎞⎛ 5 ⎞
a − 1.69b 2 c 2 = 2 ⋅ a 2 − 1.32 ⋅ b 2 ⋅ c 2 = ⎜ a ⎟ − (1.3bc ) = ⎜ a − 1.3bc ⎟ ⎜ a − 1.3b c ⎟
2
36)
49 7 ⎝7 ⎠ ⎝7 ⎠⎝ 7 ⎠
ili ovako:
2 2 2
25 2 52 ⎛5 ⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞ ⎛ 13 ⎞
a − 1.69b 2 c 2 = 2 ⋅ a 2 − 1.32 ⋅ b 2 ⋅ c 2 = ⎜ a ⎟ − (1.3bc ) = ⎜ a ⎟ − ⎜ bc ⎟ =
2

49 7 ⎝7 ⎠ ⎝ 7 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠
⎛5 13 ⎞⎛ 5 13 ⎞
= ⎜ a − bc ⎟⎜ a + bc ⎟
⎝7 10 ⎠⎝ 7 10 ⎠

37) 122 − 102 = (12 − 10 )(12 + 10 ) = 2 ⋅ 22 = 22

38) 292 − 27 2 = ( 29 − 27 )( 29 + 27 ) = 2 ⋅ 56 = 112

39) 522 − 482 = ( 52 − 48 )( 52 + 48 ) = 4 ⋅100 = 400

( x − 2) − ( x + 2 ) = ⎡⎣( x − 2 ) − ( x + 2 ) ⎤⎦ ⋅ ⎡⎣( x − 2 ) + ( x + 2 ) ⎦⎤ =
2 2
40)
= ( x − 2 − x − 2) ⋅( x − 2 + x + 2) =
= ( x − x − 2 − 2 )( x + x − 2 + 2 ) =
= − 4 ⋅ 2x =
= − 8x

( x − 5) − ( x + 5 ) = ⎡⎣( x − 5 ) − ( x + 5 ) ⎤⎦ ⋅ ⎡⎣( x − 5 ) + ( x + 5 ) ⎤⎦ =
2 2
41)
= ( x − 5 − x − 5) ⋅ ( x − 5 + x + 5) =
= ( x − x − 5 − 5) ⋅ ( x + x − 5 + 5) =
= − 10 ⋅ 2 x =
= − 20 x

M.I.M.-Sraga -2003/06. www.mim-sraga.com

M-1-Razlika kvadrata Kompletni postupak i rješenja

38.

( 3x − 8) − ( 3 x + 5 ) = ⎡⎣( 3 x − 8 ) − ( 3 x + 5 ) ⎤⎦ ⋅ ⎡⎣( 3 x − 8 ) + ( 3 x + 5 ) ⎤⎦ =
2 2
42)
= ( 3x − 8 − 3x − 5) ⋅ ( 3x − 8 + 3x + 5 ) =
= ( 3x − 3x − 8 − 5) ⋅ ( 3x + 3x + 5 − 8 ) =
= − 13 ⋅ ( 6 x − 3) =
= − 13 ⋅ 6 x − 13 ⋅ ( − 3) =
= − 78 x + 39

( 7a − 2 ) − ( 4a + 3) = ⎡⎣( 7 a − 2 ) − ( 4a + 3) ⎤⎦ ⋅ ⎡⎣( 7 a − 2 ) + ( 4a + 3) ⎤⎦ =
2 2
43)
= ( 7 a − 2 − 4a − 3 ) ⋅ ( 7 a − 2 + 4a + 3 ) =
= ( 7 a − 4a − 2 − 3 ) ⋅ ( 7 a + 4a + 3 − 2 ) =
= ( 3a − 5 ) ⋅ (11a + 1)

( 2x + 3 y ) − ( 4 x + 5 y ) = ⎡⎣( 2 x + 3 y ) − ( 4 x + 5 y ) ⎤⎦ ⋅ ⎡⎣( 2 x + 3 y ) + ( 4 x + 5 y ) ⎤⎦ =
2 2
44)
= ( 2x + 3y − 4x − 5 y )⋅( 2x + 3y + 4x + 5 y ) =
= ( 2x − 4x + 3y − 5 y )⋅( 2x + 4x + 3 y + 5 y ) =
= ( −2x − 2 y ) ⋅( 6x + 8 y )
možemo ovako ostaviti ili nastaviti dalje:
= − 2 ⋅ ( x + y ) ⋅ 2 ⋅ ( 3x + 4 y ) =
= − 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ ( x + y ) ⋅ ( 3x + 4 y ) =
= − 4 ⋅ ( x + y ) ⋅ ( 3x + 4 y )

( 3a + 5b ) − ( 7a − 2b ) = ⎡⎣( 3a + 5b ) − ( 7a − 2b ) ⎤⎦ ⋅ ⎡⎣( 3a + 5b ) + ( 7a − 2b )⎤⎦ =

2 2
45)
= ( 3a + 5b − 7a + 2b ) ⋅ ( 3a + 5b + 7a − 2b ) =
= ( 3a − 7 a + 5b + 2b ) ⋅ ( 3a + 7 a + 5b − 2b ) =
= ( − 4a + 7b ) ⋅ (10a + 3b )

M.I.M.-Sraga -2003/06. www.mim-sraga.com