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A Claweete ...-- - Acrormiay of the Seapine. aed in teat cho absry 1. Pirwt so will twat os shin {Rate 6, Hagar Lj ale profile amis A 1, is stnallee Hae ihe laserelan WC he oe roluursial section In ‘A ME i ils alt ails the ellipes, TTL (Reem the coma af Elif ee et eee eee gure on Tat 7, and from hicks we tap emaly ‘mtaprebend ths farm. af alia mathew ‘The acramial sectiae Ua ths toart fat sctaficeabboe Uo ible (hate 4, Fig. ithe prods occa AB be thee samuller nos wad the tapered amin, DFC. in the lacger ‘ine; eee arma thin Lingo to am elliptina! fuer, ithe duviptione trea W fwlharesranislecaliie Art (20 the sages with the nin in the someipomdiog, aectice ax the Vint 7. profleara, 19 6, Ue Ue slimediad ea 0 Prnuet Mages een laut le ity original draing © sine. Ue natare it ix mot varplecely ates, lent derxie trom at the sermesiary drowing dp a. dese. tonmely. im delicwies: regi, (Lok im Babler than a ciel, jn the ddr BGG FF tebe amr alliption’ fom, vehi reve given af thw pois i clot be section (Plate 6. Fig it) law alec pale axis, AB. ia ormailee thee sien Chey: lame ae DAC ia oath 4 i comidardaly is wery amok elliptical ; fava samponed al (he strobe 4. Ths luteal sect (ints Tiga, as ite pradie ants Don i figure i wo soja it a dorm 7. The Prmerial section ee 4 Fin &) m iipiieal , bewaime the pewtle ania, @ fimie lage than the hte ore GF. The line 1% be otra of paul: svcummbareecte GOH FC) aad, therafore, the dewlanhnn from a OA ape ale ir istic, than ay es carcles, stbough wet ome ef ikem it pa circle. ee ran treed ther em ech withomt take ing ther devtatlone iat aonoatd, "YL The: peril ectare {inte 7, Fig, 1) «dorm ore ie fog 4 poenbnain ; coereapa — es igor 2 Me ny ot, Masson seme peaperty E.-POINTS IN THE SECTIONS. 9 Sh — Thad petne. where the ames i a place section vros ef ntersoet, in Sermenl coniral pat of tha flats section; for eraanpe (Flic 4. Fig. 0) Eis a comical Dist of thin pulume; wach are rand ll plane me iene tering Fe aes, om thorwom, tke expnahn vecven mtally fie At ih hick ae similarly Bele the remainder of Ua plains a @. "The rodialar, bilson. aural, madi ral i. ie 4. The hecmddation between tha aren sd) tho dsrewe Te fm the aeremrian theenh the ideheidhes arel partezal ls Fouottess Ueresggh tke Ferre axillaris acral the irae: ap: estnns etn 4 The ad she egy: sl Hear tht scwbrten, anal the the boom anal forsale (ty the: ah wrap C-SECTIONS. ACM a denn mow Fay eeckbome tn Lhe buumsar figure, tHetueish these -bectalarae which live: boo veuskdered i ale Vea pestis. so sean at ing, aval irelenbond eeu fern ihe exinsrien ery shlnesd xed he tine nie, sanal alow theres thew the aeetlons are onmeel Woo will chsom axon: imtimaes, Wig 1. which fies inter! riew, or prod figure. ot thes bea stnieel oe preset section, Thee manne of each ometlen, with & for emedjpilon scesapeanien i, thuredore, im thon ne farce exphimathn be pe fpiired. The mertiona oa Blais A, comapraring tax Uda far Plate i are prvaetiing on ovens acd nacturall fueiee the jaune Gerais which were given to thom as sectkams In the Agra, We will ommomce by the ee te Uhib seve we tart wae the parks on ‘vin 7 ated St thes aires tite; aor obonisl it be a meter ef murprim that in Useir vot planer anmiber appearance ta-thelr soreespertading eeetionn in the figure. 1. be the enitiaracad eorthen, A of the plane eectinn falls im Ad the resection; aad 1 of ane fale in TE of the other: Ti mad O af the plane corrempeasl te each levator verter, © aia + in ihe oath of ihe axia yoy fr each ida of thee fapare, ai eee eer an of the Fgare, aid B of the plane bce Hither nd © of abe pla fll stares $e nop eo Seal dhe aoe full in 3. Jn the theresa svetion And ahs nila im Ib af alae aad I af the polar it es tiga seal, fara Dal Cit Wht ple fal ae aha a ve Rue. These tore cor dea, kar the sate ote (lerwese ail ai kn thee ell sertient, Bf bp panes anamres i | sof thao gue THis pike (hoon) iit the serene eat fet print af they srapela; Sortie, answers tek ef the ST a ae pla seelioes em iow a igure tn aweéd uty appemtance sf emeste les pally ert teild to dlgpengot HHA,” Whu aap Patt Of tte applymy te the srilser ales. hE thes Oe) seothii A and Bcf ihe area to 8 and FP of the figure; curl (ebewien 0 and (of the Mane te lad: | cf the: tiger | I and i are thei tore ills tareen & In the falls tm the in expan. ard fim cn the fare Unset am esc ‘Hefire closing this paragraph, it ir still) necewery te oaks low olervatians ma tle pestial wet, Plate 3, Pie. 5. oxpeeially rth term ar aun dren ret mxecn. ih ape ts late TN rade af be feat. few oe Aine pect ot ae fra nde nny planes masecre tos the Inala the foot; tei a ‘in the watslile of i, and ha for BRC Tis tedeetmtbiottes foot. in the sale Hi a the poaieg which tte appseaite the middle sf Che heal a the mde af the fat: and, teat te, A ian to pla an hme baghne, uien ot thes frat part of tho fooe, A. —lasiidas boas seesione iewtinted. Ui Ue fare. ging pebagraphe on Flaize T amd §, xe can abo sappest She Galhewinng First, x mcctinn from the back tn the front nf the fgars. cheough the seventh yortelsra. the iwvalile: ef the apinal cot ae ee ee ae ‘ward ie the Linem alka. thos dividing tha tare toa ehgbt ated eft, or teva fmteral paria “Teh lv wut. Secomd, ‘ide Iheaigh the leratar verter, ils, the even miliaris, aoed ths ark onde of the tere, earriod deena, ng 2 iste a posterior anak amlarkir part, whieh [4 raitably raved a tateral sovthon; herve ths saasion Vien frome winks ideal the figure: Dwr il baths two the aeilla sectiniie leo, Je ling the eer setnscerk anes fran in. Paragraphs taken tagether a tise, from their baring leethet ers or Ince in dhe eign Using te Us, Use ther sxticany treated of fe Sh may bey termed Lani ‘the ‘tte ally termed « peafle seetion or rmumial yibeae vertinn fraps taatanal, hacer hele ditectiae li baat af figane. Ta thin latter huss, ales, belong thoes wah {1 te Somidee mitable 4 igh the sem, a the humeral, cubital, Maite as iaey cs mb is dies oP RR eri = D.—-FORM OF THE SECTIONS, T D—The form of the swollems |e beet anderstoed Uiremgh thelr sons. ire thas ‘abieh erm ar ie | ANATOMY | PEPPaeCTuNY To ATRROPURETE —o | tae WOST GIMPLE ELEWERES OF EXTEMAL AMAT - THE LIMES OF ROTH SCHEREES, TRE ( Again, see the figure, Plate 7, the middle part of the thorax has for its bases the acromial and the thoracial sections, both of which bases are again, according to Paragraph 25, elliptical; and here is also the lower base (thoracial section), larger than the upper (acromial sec- tion); hence this part is an elliptical and conical figure, or, again, an. elliptically conical frustum, inclining from the front towards the back in the upper sternal and clavicle region, Both paris of the figure, that is, the axilla and the middle part of the thorax, have separately for their lower base the larger base, and, naturally, for their upper base the smaller one, and thus each of these two parts is an erect, or upright frustum. ‘The lower part of the thorax has for its bases the tho- racial and the ilial sections; and as these two bases, according to Paragraph 26, are elliptical also, and, fur- ther, as this part of the thorax is to be taken as a conical figure, cut off, so can, again, this part be termed an elliptical and conical-frustum. But as the lower base upon which this part of the thorax rests is smaller than the upper base, it can be termed an inverted frustum, and distinguished from one which is erect or upright. §| 35.— We leave, now, the thoracial parts of the fig- ure, and proceed to its lower parts, and we find that the upper part of the pelvis has the ilial section for its upper base, and the gluteal section for its lower base. Both bases are, agreeing with Paragraph 25, elliptical; and, therefore, the form of the upper part of the pelvis is also of this kind, Upon further analysing this part of the pelvig, we shall find it to be a composition of two forms, of which the one is an upright or erect, and the other an inverted elliptically conical form ; with the smaller bases merging one into another. The lower part of the pelvis has for its upper base the gluteal section, and for its lower base the two femorial sections, and is, according to the form of these bases, elliptically conical; but at the same time an inverted elliptically conical frustum, The parts of the figure in the ley are elliptically conical frustuma, according as the forms of their bases partake more or less of ellipticity (Paragraph 25); they are either erect or inverted frustuma. I.—-POSITION OF THE PARTS. {| 36.—The position of the parts to each other in the figure, taken either in a profile or frontal view, are in the same time defined through the position of the plane sections in the figure, Paragraphs 32 and 33. Thus, for example, the axilla or upper part of the thorax CiB vA, in the figure, Plate 7, lies rather receding in rela- tion to the middle part of the thorax Dk BR i C; and this lies again rather projecting, behind more than to- wards the front, in relation to the lower part of the thorax, GIFEkKD. Or otherwise explained: Accord- ing as the position of the thoracial axis, or of its parts (namely, the dorsalis a c, and the lumbardis ¢ b), is normal or more or less inclined to be so, the parts of the thorax to one another are so likewise, 10 ) Further, the entire pelvis, HpInF1Gm, lies very much projecting behind in relation to the lower part of the thorax, G1FEkD. Exactly so lie all the parts oi tie leg to one another in a fixed position, agreeing to the positions of their even planes (Paragraphs 32 and 33). And, lastly, it may be remarked that the explanation ol the position of the parts in the front and back view, may be carried through in a similar manner to that of the position of the parts in profile, which is thus so simpic as not to require any especial illustration. 4, 37.—The lines and points of the parts of the human figure are already chiefly known, through those which are the lines and points of its bases. The remaining lines of those parts which are not yet alluded to, may be termed altitudinal anterior, altitudinal posterior, and altitu- dinal lateral, because they run in the direction of length or height upon the figure, and marked when necessary as internal and external. But the expression altitudinal is only used when the distinctness or clearness of descrip- tion calls for it. It must be observed in respect to those lines which lie in the direction of length or height (alti- tudinal) in the figure, having their particular names from their locality, the expression would be superfluous; as, for instance, B E termed the sternal lengh (see the figure, Plate 7), although an altitudinal line, does not require to be expressed as such, And E F is termed thoracial linea alba, as well as F N, abdominal linea alba. Just so may the line ACDGmH be termed spinal collumial line; and the parts of it receive their names after the region in which they lie; as thus, AC DG is termed spinal thoracial line, or back length; its sub-part, AC D,is termed dorsal line; ACis minor dorsal line, and C Dmajor dorsal line; DG is lumbar line, And if we conceive a line drawn from the foveal vertex, k, to the ilial vertex, 1, it is termed serratual line; Gm H is the gluteal line, and the subdivision of it, Gm, is the upper gluteal, and the part m H is the lower gluteal line, ‘| 38.—The human figure has been, in the nt treatise, in all its parts or elements, anatomically and geometrically considered. Thus we have brought into our conception the external form of the entire figure, to the extent which it can suitably be done without using a measure or without actually measuring the figure. We terminate with this a work which is complete in itself, and, at the some time,introductory or preparatory, as it opens the way to Anthropometry; which, in a future production, will be fully worked out, wherein the proportions and positions of the figure, in their definite quantities, will be given, and so described that the laws will be mathematically defined, according to which the human figure receives its various kinds of external form. Tt only remains to be remarked that all which is brought forward refers to the male figure, although it holds good of the female figure, with a few exceptions: as, for instance, the extension of the gluteal section is greater than that of the thoracial section in the female figure ; whereas in the male figure those extensions are equal to each other. Again, the acromion of the spine of the scapula lies lower to the levator vertex in the female than in the male figure. But as definite propor- tions are not treated upon in this work, the difference in the two figures may be left for a more suitable place in Anthropometry, A. +

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