KINDS OF VERBS

September 23rd, 2010

U engleskom jeziku postoje 3 vrste glagola. To su:

1. GLAVNI GLAGOLI ili GLAGOLI PUNOG ZNAČENJA – main
or full verbs (eat, drink, sleep, learn...)
2. POMOĆNI GLAGOLI (auxiliary verbs) – be, do, have
3. MODALNI GLAGOLI (modal verbs) – can, could, may,
must, will, should, ...
- Glavni glagoli su nositelji značenja u rečenici.
- Pomoćni glagoli pomažu u tvorbi različitih glagolskih
vremena i oblika.
- Modalni glagoli mijenjaju, dopunjuju ili modificiraju
značenje glavnog glagola.
He speaks a lot.
Main v.
He is speaking with her.
aux.v. m.v.
He cannot speak English.
Mod.v. main v.
Pomoćni glagoli BE, DO i HAVE mogu biti i glavni glagoli u
rečenici onda kada oni upravo i znače BITI, ČINITI i IMATI.
He is my brother. He is waiting for you.
MAIN AUX.
He has a lot of friends. He has arrived.
MAIN AUX.
Do you speak English? I do my homework in the evenings.
Aux main

TO BE
Pomoćni glagol TO BE ima dvije funkcije:
1. pomaže u tvorbi nesvršenih glagolskih vremena
(continuous tenses). U tom slučaju, iza pomoćnog glagola
TO BE dolazi glavni glagol u PRESENT PARTICIPLE obliku
(-ing).
is
He was sleeping.
has been
be + present participle = continuous tenses
 2. pomaže u tvorbi pasivnih glagolskih vremena i oblika. U
tome slučaju, iza pomoćnog glagola TO BE dolazi glavni
glagol u PAST PARTICIPLE obliku (pravilni glagoli: -ed,
nepravilni iz 3. stupca)
is
The cake was eaten.
will be
be + past participle = passive forms

TO DO
Pomoćni glagol TO DO ima samo jednu funkciju, a to je tvorba
upitnoga i niječnoga oblika SIMPLE PRESENT-a (do, does) i
SIMPLE PAST-a (did).
I speak French. Do I speak French? I don't speak French.
I saw Mary. Did you see Mary? I didn't see Mary.
TO HAVE
Jedina funkcija pomoćnog glagola TO HAVE jest pomagati u
tvorbi svršenih glagolskih vremena (perfect tenses). Iza njega
dolazi tada glavni glagol u PAST PARTICIPLE-u.

had
He has arrived.
will have

have + past participle = perfect tenses

UPITNI I NIJEČNI OBLICI ENGLESKIH GLAGOLSKIH VREMENA

He is sitting. Is he sitting? He isn't sitting.
He will come. Will he come? He will not come.
He speaks a lot. Does he speak a lot? He doesn't speak a lot.
He spoke a lot. Did he speak a lot? He didn't speak a lot.
SVA ENGLESKA GLAGOLSKA VREMENA UPITNI OBLIK TVORE
ZAMJENOM MJESTA POMOĆNOG GLAGOLA I SUBJEKTA
(INVERZIJOM), A NIJEČNI DODAVANJEM NEGACIJE NOT NA
POMOĆNI GLAGOL KOJI VEĆ POSTOJI U POTVRDNOM
OBLIKU. JEDINA IZNIMKA SU SIMPLE PAST I SIMPLE PRESENT,
GDJE SE KORISTE POMOĆNI GLAGOLI DO, DOES i DID.