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    Manifiesto comunista
    Manifiesto comunista
    Manifiesto comunista
    Ebook68 pages1 hour

    Manifiesto comunista

    By Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

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    El "Manifiesto comunista" es considerado como una pieza clave para la comprensión del pensamiento marxista, puesto que en él Karl Marx y Friedrich Engels expusieron las bases de sus teorías políticas, económicas y sociales. La historia es contemplada en él como la lucha constante de clases, de opresores y oprimidos, una lucha de la que siempre ha resultado la transformación revolucionaria de la sociedad y la caída de las clases beligerantes. El objetivo del "Manifiesto" no era otro que proclamar la próxima desaparición de la propiedad burguesa y el triunfo de la revolución proletaria y comunista.

    Cuidada traducción de una obra fundamental de la política y el pensamiento marxista en la que Marx y Engels exponen su concepción sobre la evolución de la fuerza proletaria y su victoria final en la lucha que enfrenta a las clases sociales, motor de la historia.
    LanguageEspañol
    PublisherEdiciones Akal
    Release dateAug 7, 2015
    ISBN9788446042211
    Author

    Karl Marx

    Karl Marx (1818-1883) was Prussian-born philosopher, economist, political theorist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His collaborated with Friedrich Engels in writing The Communist Manifesto (1848). Expelled from Prussia in the same year, Marx took up residence first in Paris and then in London where, in 1867, he published his magnum opus Capital.

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    Reviews for Manifiesto comunista

    3.5/5

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    • 1/5
      If you are an advocate for mass poverty, mass curtailment of all civil rights, destruction of the environment, genocide and ethnic cleansing, the destruction of religious institutions, mass alcoholism, depression and checmical dependency, and complete technological stagantion, then this is the book for you. On the other hand, you are very likely to inadvertently create an underground artistic-protest movement. I say communism has only killed 100 million people, let's give it another chance! Look how many "useful idiots" are recommending this book on this page alone.
    • 3/5
      It has drowned the most heavenly ecstasies of religious fervor, of chivalrous enthusiasm, of philistine sentimentalism, in the icy water of egotistical calculation. It has resolved personal worth into exchange value, and in place of the numberless indefeasible chartered freedoms, has set up that single, unconscionable freedom—Free Trade. In one word, for exploitation, veiled by religious and political illusions, it has substituted naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation.

      What can or should be said? This screed appears both pivotal and yet fantastic. How should we proceed and parse? I found it strange that I had never read this pamphlet. It goes with out saying that I had absorbed all of its aims previously by osmosis and secondary references. I marveled at its poetry and shuddered at the displayed certainty. Such ruminations on historical inevitability are simply chiliasm.

      No one could fathom in the 19th Century how pernicious and gripping nationalism would prove nor, the ghostly strains of Islam, especially in Central Asia. The fact that capitalism could turn matter into liquid should've tipped off Karl and Fred about the nature of their foe. We have proved to be whores. We are also driven by baubles and thrive on peer recognition. Self Criticism was always going to be a hard sell. Marx and Engels announced their agenda in this manifesto. It was calmly stated that private property would be abolished. Collectivization flashed across my mind but appearing just as suddenly was the bloody strikebreaking in South Africa in 2012. Do you have a world to gain, Jacob Zuma? Oh those imps of our natures.
    • 4/5
      The MacMillan Collector’s Library edition of Karl Marx’s The Communist Manifesto includes the 1888 Samuel Moore translation of “The Communist Manifesto,” “Wages, Price, and Profit” from 1898, and Samuel Moore and Edward Aveling’s 1887 translation of “Capital.” Hugh Griffith’s introduction offers biographical information about Marx and puts his work into its historical context, particularly after the apparent “victory” of capitalism over communism at the end of the Cold War, with Griffith arguing that, contrary to popular opinion, Marx remains as prescient as ever in light of the economics of post-industrial society. This edition reprints all three texts in their entirety and fully articulates Marx’s ideas of class and wage warfare. These remain must-reads for all students of history or economics today. Ironically, this edition makes a nice gift with its portable size, gilt edges, and classic dust jacket art.
    • 3/5
      The Manifesto itself, is a profound and masterful work. What undoes this book, however, is the pitiful introduction by A.J.P Taylor. This introduction, unlike Marx's work, is an unimportant quibble of its time (1967). He rails on and on for 47 pages (longer than the manifesto itself!) about how 2 buddies from Germany managed to fool millions of people into believing their crazy deluded message, and how these two lads, working completely and always alone, utterly misunderstood history and economics and sociology down to the core. The work itself is a classic simply because millions of people have been deluded into worshipping it, but the men themselves were self-obsessed and narcissistic and thought themselves gods among men, when in fact they were poor economists, and even poorer historians.A.J.P. Taylor wrote this in 1967, and one cannot understand why on earth such an introduction could be commissioned or approved to accompany the Manifesto. I can only imagine what the public opinion of communism must have been like at the time - fear and loathing of the USSR alongside complete and total faith in capitalism. In an amusing passage, Taylor takes a break from criticizing Marx to "disprove" his critique of capitalism in the light of modern history, arguing that capitalism has proven itself after the little hiccup of the '30s. Well, it's 2011, and today economists like Nouriel Roubini are questioning capitalism altogether and the world is mired in collective contemplation on how to save the world economy. It seems that despite all of Taylor's fluff, Marx and Engels turned out to be far more timeless thinkers than he was.Read the Manifesto, just don't read this version. It is nothing more than publishers wanting to make more pennies by pawning Marx's writings off with fluff-filler as an addendum.
    • 5/5
      Just finished the communist manifesto. In an ideal world communism and democracy would combine to create a form of government where the individual is represented and respected while the state takes away the burned of merely existing like men of ole. Working only to provide: food, water, shelter, clothing, and transportation. Leaving man to focus on the development of self AND state. I know the only way a society like that could ever be is with the total annihilation of capitalism (not democracy) and the social enlightenment that self-worth derived from competition is false and that self worth starts internally and THEN extends out, no costume or mask that one adorns can ever really give value because material does not last as long as self and value in material things fade soon as the "thing" fades.
    • 4/5
      No matter what one's political point of view is, this is a must read for those who wish to be informed.
    • 5/5
      The original and still the best. Fuck Capital; my Marxism is about people. And feelings, and I challenge you to find a more inspirational, quotable piece of reductive ideological propaganda anywhere, including the Bible. WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE! Yeah?
      This version comes with a bunch of prefaces to later editions, mostly by Engels, and as well as geenrally interesting also kind of a laff riot. "Polish independence! Italian Renaissance! I know one thing about each of your countries!" Good times.
    • 4/5
      Do not go looking here for a lengthy explanation about why Marx believes what he does. Rather, read the Manifesto to learn how he sold his ideas. For what it was designed to do, this book is excellent. For actually understanding Marx, the Manifesto is lacking. A closer look at some of his other works is required.
    • 5/5
      A book famous for many reasons, the most obvious being its simple political impact. This book by Karl Marx, has affected the lives of millions of people in the world, and its impact is monumental. Now you have most likely heard of this book, but if you further wish to understand the thing that is Communism, and revolution which brings upon it, I strongly recommend you read this book. This book is not an easy read per say, and could most likely be summarized in about a page, but it is still a great book to skim through to further educate oneself on politics.
    • 3/5
      I needed something to balance out "The Law" by Bastiat. Interesting reading.
    • 3/5
      Marx, it's nice, like victoria sponge, but I prefer gateau, such as Foucault and Adorno and Horkheimer. They further advance the ideas started by marx (like gateau advances the idea of cake). Marx is naive (here ends cake metaphor), but then he was relying on historical context...ah the benefit of hindsight...Really, if you like Marx, read The Culture Industry, in Dialectic of Enlightenment, by Horkheimer and Adorno (of the Frankfurt School).
    • 5/5
      This is an amazing work. You don't have to agree with it or follow it to glean the beauty and precision of it.
    • 2/5
      Reading this with the benefit of hindsight it is easy to see the many flaws in the communist theory. On the other hand I can see how so many could have been persuaded that it was a good idea in the 19th & early 20th centuries - if you were working all your life and getting nowhere, with no hope of an improvement of life for yourself or your children the communist ideals would have sounded attractive.
    • 3/5
      Read this years ago in high school, and decided to take another look as a graduate student. As one of Marx's major works, he articulates a desire for a shift away from corporatism, familial inheritance, and other trappings of a burgeoning bourgeois society. However, he doesn't offer much of a solution or ideas to reach these ends - much to the chagrin of those who followed his ideals.

      It's also easy to not understand the position from which Marx writes this - his time period was one of revolution and appalling standards of living among most of Europe.

      If this was a ranking of the work's importance, it would rank 5/5. However, given the limitations of explanation on how to carry out his goals, 3/5.

      Even if you disagree with many of the ideas presented here (as I clearly do), it is worth reading at least once.
    • 5/5
      This is my favorite book. Everyone should be required to read it in school.
    • 4/5
      Important as a source and vividly written, though I do not agree with all of it.
    • 2/5
      It is an error to assume that the problem with humanity is an inability to recognize our own problems. While it's true that we constantly look outside for answers, this is just because we are unhappy with the answers we have. We know that success requires hard work and knowledge, but we want something easier. We will accept an easier answer even when it isn't true. We are not motivated by what is true or likely, but by frightening or enticing stories.We are driven away from the necessary and the difficult by our inadequacies and fears, and so rarely move ourselves any closer to fulfillment. In a perversity of justice, those who do achieve the things which we imagine would fulfill us (wealth, fame, beauty, genius) are no more fulfilled than the average man, and just as beset by inadequacy and fear. Often, more so.Transhumanism represents a hope that we can escape this pattern of ignorance and self-destruction but only by escaping the human bodies and minds that cannot control themselves.The Manifesto always seemed little more than a sad reminder of our failings, though it did motivate people and provided a test of the mettle of humanity. Beyond that, it does more to rile than to increase understanding of the economy and our role within it. It is sad that a work which is at least based on some worthwhile principles falls to the same simple fears and ideals that plague our everyday lives.The manifesto tries to take all of the economic theory of its authors and create from it a story that will excite the common man. They did not expect that most of them would pick up Das Kapital and start really thinking about their role in things. It was enough to engage their greed and sense of injustice without intruding much on their understanding.The average man does not want to understand, he would prefer to believe. It is unfortunate that the main effect proven by the Communist movement is that any and every political system simply shifts wealth and power from one group to another, and little aids the serf or the unlucky.We Americans are in little position to stand over the 'failure of Communism', since democracy has not proven any kinder to mankind, nor can it deliver justice equally to the poor and the rich.
    • 3/5
      I reread this book or more appropriately this pamphlet as a part of my observation of a high school World History class. I had read it many years before but found it interesting and deeper meaning looking back at it. Say what you will about communism and Marx but like it or not they are both a part of our world. The students seemed to find it confusing due to its older style of writing of the turn of the century. As we discussed what some of the more confusing paragraphs were about the students became more engaged and enjoyed this primary source. As a teacher this is a great way to introduce the rise of communism post WWII.
    • 4/5
      What to make of this slim volume that everyone has heard of but few have read? (And even fewer have read properly.) First, it's essential to dump your preconceptions, and forget world history since 1917. Marx (with the support of Engels) was describing the economic world as he saw it, based on his studies of history and economy; and then he looked forward to what he saw as the inevitable outcome of that system. Though his analysis was ultimately flawed because history turned out differently, his analysis remains incontrovertible. Even though our world and our working lives are totally changed from that of 1848, it remains true that those who do not have independent means have to sell the only thing at their disposal, that is their labour. That is true whether those people (call them workers, call them the proletariat, the names are unimportant) sell the labour of their muscles, their hands and eyes, or their brains. And if those people cannot alleviate the conditions under which they have to sell that labour, if they cannot get a fair deal or a fair price for that labour, then they will eventually revolt. When Marx wrote the Manifesto, that revolution had to take place in a physical way because the bulk of workers did not have a franchise. Now, the 'revolt' takes the form of our voting a new Government into power every five years or so - though we are now seeing, in the early years of the 21st Century, that exercising a limited vote for political groupings that offer very similar things to each other - or worse still, only offer least worst options - is a route fraught with dangers.That those who brought about socialist revolution in the 20th Century took this book as their guide has closed many minds to it. Of course, if you are starting a revolution, you can point to things in this book and claim you are acting in accordance with Marxist thought. It is more honest to acknowledge your debt to those who have gone before and stand in the name of your own ideology (as indeed Marx did); but people don't do that, because it means that they might have to take responsibility for their actions. It is far easier to say 'I only did what it said in the Manifesto/the Bible/the Qur'an/Mein Kampf/(insert other sacred text of choice)". So this book and Karl Marx gets wrongly blamed for much that happened long after he died.Do not let that colour your reading of 'The Communist Manifesto'. Rather, read it, challenge its application to our times, use what seems appropriate and disregard what seems inappropriate. And yes, cry "Working men of all countries, unite!"
    • 4/5
      I found this book among a stack my daughter no longer wanted and since I had never read it, I decided to see what all the fuss has been about. I was surprised that it was written in 1848. I thought it was a 1900s document. I found it to be fascinating. The fact that Marx really saw the discovery of America and the Industrial Revolution as the beginning of the problem was something I had not known. I was also impressed at Marx's foresight in terms of the process of capitalism. Frankly, I agree with much of his interpretation of the problems of capitalism and rampant materialism, which has continued to progress as he predicted. The problem for me is that his solution does not seem viable to me. I am no great philosopher or economist, but my sense is that there will always be leaders, and as the world population grows there will just be more of them. I may just be cynical, but I think that putting any group in power, even the righteous proletariat, will eventually lead to greed and power struggle. Glad to have read this.
    • 4/5
      Compelling propaganda pamphlet, much shorter than I thought.
    • 5/5
      One reason why this book has stood the test of time and become a major talking point for a host of instructional formats is that it is written in an easily understood and comprehensive manner. I does not deviate from its intent in an attempt to justify its claims, but rather keeps to the point and finishes concisely.
    • 5/5
      How does one rate a classic? If one could only change the world in 30 pages or so! What always strikes me is that, much like Dr John Hewson's Fightback! policy from the early 1990s, most of the pamphlet has been implemented already (sans the revolution, and admittedly Hewson's work was considerably longer at 650 pages!). Nevertheless, of the ten "measures" (p. 20), Australia has, over time, implemented many of the plans through what, in some ways, still displays remnants of social democracy. However, as with Fightback!, and while many like to think it was all nonsense, much of it has been done or is still in the doing. Whether the great Internationale will die with the contemporary return to nationalism is a moot point when one considers the exponential increase in growth and power of "socialism with Chinese characteristics" (not to mention India, which is quite another story). But this probably won't concern me, at least in this life.
    • 1/5
      What a load of malarky. Merely a treatise on mediocrity and a manual on how a minority might rule the majority. I would love to dismantle this nonsense here, but I'm not sure anybody is going to read this, so I'll spare my metacarpals.
      The education rant, however, sounds oddly familiar. It sounds like the US dept. of education cut and pasted this section right into their own manifesto on how to educate American children.

      Silly commies, freedom's for capitalists.

      Rant:

      Why does everyone keep repeating "capitalists-imperialist." GOVERNMENTS create empires. Government IS empirical in nature which is what's advocated by Marx-Engels. Capitalist and imperialist are conflicting terms since governments create monopolies, a free market is politically and socially blind.

      Sorry Marxists, history supports these assertions.
    • 2/5
      It will never catch on :)

      Revolutionary ideas wrapped in tortured prose
    • 3/5
      This was an interesting read. It's not something I would normally pick up but I felt like it's something everyone should read because of it's historical significance. It didn't make me want to become communist, but there are some points that I felt that I could logically support. I would definitely need to reread this a few more times to get an educated opinion on what is being said.
    • 1/5
      The rantings of a man who's ideology would work only in the smallest of settings, or perhaps in a utopia. Attempts at implementing the policies laid out in this work have killed millions outright and millions more from starvation and poverty. Reading this is a matter of knowing your enemy.
    • 4/5
      I took a graduate-level literary theory class and picked socialism as my topic of choice over which to complete a semester-long project and presentation. Boy, am I ever glad I did.I remember in high school I had heard so much negativity about communism and socialism; I cracked open my textbook to the glossary to find the actual definitions, and was left only with vague impressions and more questions.Finally, I had some answers. This is a volume that I think everyone should read before they spout off misinformed ideas and opinions over communism and socialism. So many base their opinions off of fundamentalists--after all, we don't judge all Christians on the slight margin of fundamentalist Christians, don't we? (Well, we shouldn't.) And so on. Many have taken Marx's ideas and twisted and distorted them to their own agendas. This has led people to mistrust and dislike communism and socialism upon just hearing the words.However, if you read Marx's ideas, they are fundamentally logical and sound. Maybe not exactly plausible, but definitely something worth thinking about.
    • 4/5
      For many people through the years this book has been something similar to the Qur'an.It's a compelling and fascinating though short text, a look backward in time.
    • 4/5
      This reading brings up more questions than it answers. Part I is really good about explaining current conditions of the "proletariat". However, Part II, which seems like an attempt to explain why Communism is in the best interest for the masses, seems to be all dogma with little supporting fact behind it. Here is where are the questions are left unanswered. Part III and IV talk about opposing forms of changing the status quo, ie socialism, etc. However, since Part II left so many unanswered questions, it's hard to reject the status quo or alternative options to the revolutation the Manifesto is urging. The writing overall was fabulous - easy to understand and follow for the most part. But more writing is needed to fully understand the concepts Mark and Engels are advocating.

    Book preview

    Manifiesto comunista - Karl Marx

    Akal / Básica de Bolsillo / 115

    Marx /Engels

    MANIFIESTO COMUNISTA

    «La historia de todas las sociedades que han existido hasta nuestros días es la historia de la lucha de clases. Hombres libres y esclavos, patricios y plebeyos, señores y siervos, maestros y oficiales, en una palabra: opresores y oprimidos que se enfrentaron siempre, mantuvieron una lucha constante, velada unas veces y otras franca y abierta; lucha que terminó siempre con la transformación revolucionaria de toda la sociedad o el hundimiento de las clases beligerantes.»

    Diseño de portada

    Sergio Ramírez

    Reservados todos los derechos. De acuerdo a lo dispuesto en el art. 270 del Código Penal, podrán ser castigados con penas de multa y privación de libertad quienes sin la preceptiva autorización reproduzcan, plagien, distribuyan o comuniquen públicamente, en todo o en parte, una obra literaria, artística o científica, fijada en cualquier tipo de soporte.

    Nota editorial:

    Para la correcta visualización de este ebook se recomienda no cambiar la tipografía original.

    Nota a la edición digital:

    Es posible que, por la propia naturaleza de la red, algunos de los vínculos a páginas web contenidos en el libro ya no sean accesibles en el momento de su consulta. No obstante, se mantienen las referencias por fidelidad a la edición original.

    Título original

    Obras escogidas. Marx/Engels

    © Ediciones Akal, S. A., 1997

    para lengua española

    Sector Foresta, 1

    28760 Tres Cantos

    Madrid - España

    Tel.: 918 061 996

    Fax: 918 044 028

    www.akal.com

    ISBN: 978-84-460-2289-3

    PREFACIO A LA EDICIÓN ALEMANA DE 1872

    La Liga de los Comunistas, asociación obrera internacional que, naturalmente, dadas las condiciones de la época, no podía existir sino en secreto, encargó a los que suscriben, en el Congreso celebrado en Londres en noviembre de 1847, que redactaran un programa detallado del Partido, a la vez teórico y práctico, destinado a la publicación. Tal es el origen de este Manifiesto, cuyo manuscrito fue enviado a Londres, para ser impreso, algunas semanas antes de la Revolución de Febrero[1]. Publicado primero en alemán, se han hecho en este idioma, como mínimum, 12 ediciones diferentes en Alemania, Inglaterra y Norteamérica. En inglés apareció primeramente en Londres, en 1850, en el Red Republican, traducido por miss Helen Macfarlane, y más tarde, en 1871, se han publicado, por lo menos, tres traducciones diferentes en Norteamérica. Apareció en francés por primera vez en París, en vísperas de la insurrección de junio de 1848, y recientemente en Le Socialiste, de Nueva York. En la actualidad, se prepara una nueva traducción. Hízose en Londres una edición en polaco, poco tiempo después de la primera edición alemana. En Ginebra apareció en ruso, en la década de 1860. Ha sido traducido también al danés, a poco de su publicación original.

    Aunque las condiciones hayan cambiado mucho en los últimos 25 años, los principios generales expuestos en este Manifiesto siguen siendo hoy, en su conjunto, enteramente acertados. Algunos puntos deberían ser retocados. El mismo Manifiesto explica que la aplicación práctica de estos principios dependerá siempre y en todas partes de las circunstancias históricas existentes, y que, por tanto, no se concede importancia exclusiva a las medidas revolucionarias enumeradas al final del capítulo II. Este pasaje tendría que ser redactado hoy de distinta manera, en más de un aspecto. Dado el desarrollo colosal de la gran industria en los últimos 25 años, y con este, el de la organización del partido de la clase obrera; dadas las experiencias, primero, de la Revolución de Febrero, y después, en mayor grado aún, de la Comuna de París, que eleva por primera vez al proletariado, durante dos meses, al Poder político, este programa ha envejecido en algunos de sus puntos. La Comuna ha demostrado, sobre todo, que la clase obrera no puede simplemente tomar posesión de la máquina estatal existente y ponerla en marcha para sus propios fines». (Véase Der Bürgerkrieg in Frankreich, Adresse des Generalrats der Internationalen Arbeiterassoziation, p. 19 de la edición alemana[2], donde esta idea está más extensamente desarrollada.) Además, evidentemente, la crítica de la literatura socialista es incompleta para estos momentos, pues sólo llega a 1847; y al propio tiempo, si las observaciones que se hacen sobre la actitud de los comunistas ante los diferentes partidos de oposición (capítulo IV) son exactas todavía en sus trazos generales, han quedado anticuadas en sus detalles, ya que la situación política ha cambiado completamente y el desarrollo histórico ha borrado de la faz de la tierra a la mayoría de los partidos que allí se enumeran.

    Sin embargo, el Manifiesto es un documento histórico que ya no tenemos derecho a modificar. Una edición posterior

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