DELANO Syllabus

Democracy, Security and Migration Spring 2010

DEMOCRACY, SECURITY AND MIGRATION IN THE AMERICAS

New School for Social Research Alexandra Délano

Politics Department delanoa@newschool.edu
Spring 2010 / GPOL 6383 (CRN 6847) 212-229-5747, x. 3081
Thurs 4-5:50pm Office hours: Tue/Fri 11:30-1 pm
6 E 16th St, room 724

COURSE OVERVIEW:
What theories, models and concepts are useful to study Latin America? How do we approach the
study of the region accounting for its diversity as well as for some of the social, economic and
political patterns in Latin American countries and the synchronicities in changes and continuities?
This course examines central themes and concepts in the history, politics and international
relations of Latin America, focusing particularly on issues related to democracy, security and
migration and exploring the linkages between them. Topics include the role of the United States
in Latin America, the promotion of democracy in the region, the recent resurgence of the left, and
the human rights agenda in Latin America. The course will also examine the development of
economic regionalism and the challenges of regional integration in the Americas. It will analyze
responses to security conflicts, and the management of transnational flows such as migration and
drugs at the bilateral and multilateral levels. The class will be conducted as a seminar and at the
end of the term students will present case studies focusing on one country or a comparative study.

ASSESSMENT:
20% Participation in class discussions: Students are expected to complete all the required
readings, prepare responses to the guiding questions for each topic and participate actively in
class discussions.
Presentations in class: Every week students should be prepared to introduce and lead the
class discussion based on the recommended readings and their own research on each topic. The
discussion leader/s will present a summary of the key arguments and questions in the readings,
and prepare questions to encourage critical discussions in the class. A sign-up schedule will be
circulated in Week 1.
40% Essay and book review: Students will submit one short essay and a book review. The
essay (5-7 pp, double spaced, font 12) can answer one of the guiding questions or a question
proposed by the student (and approved by the instructor).1 The book review (1000 words) will be
based on one of the books marked with a ** on the syllabus or a book proposed by the student
(and approved by the instructor). (DATES TBC).
40% Final paper - case studies (proposal due February 18, paper due DATE TBC): On
Weeks 13 and 14, students will present a case study in class (see details below). On Week 15,
they will submit a final paper based on the case study. The length of the paper should be 15-20
pp. The final grade will consider the presentation in class and the paper.

1
Essays will be graded according to the following criteria:
1) The clarity of the writing. Coherent structure of the paper, ideas clearly stated and organized into paragraphs with linking
statements and grammatically correct.
2) Ability to critically discuss the arguments from the various authors included in the class readings and to present your own
views clearly.
3) Accuracy of your ideas. Clear and accurate description of the concepts central to the course. Use of the readings from the class
and additional research from sources recommended in the syllabus, news and other sources, to provide evidence, examples and
data to support your arguments. Provide specific references, including page numbers for each of these sources.
4) Accurate bibliography and footnotes.

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General readings:

Books for purchase:

**Miguel Angel Centeno and Fernando López-Alves (eds.), The Other Mirror: Grand Theory
through the Lens of Latin America, Princeton University Press, 2000.

**Morales, Marco and Jorge Castañeda (eds.), Leftovers: Tales of the Latin American Left,
London, Routledge, 2008.

**Gordon Mace, Jean-Philippe Therien, Paul Haslam (eds.), Governing the Americas:
Assessing Multilateral Institutions, Lynne Rienner, 2007.

(All available for $25 or less at Barnes and Noble, Amazon, Amazon Marketplace or
www.half.com)

Other recommended books for purchase (and/or for your book reviews):
 
**Reid, Michael, Forgotten Continent: The Battle for Latin America’s Soul, Yale University
Press, 2007.
 
**Domínguez, Jorge and Shifter, Michael eds., 2003. Constructing Democratic Governance in
Latin America 2nd edition (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press).

**Skidmore, Thomas, and Peter Smith. Modern Latin America. (6th edition, 2005).

**Schneider, Ronald M. 2007. Latin American Political History: Patterns and Personalities.

**Atkins, G. Pope, Handbook of Research on the International Relations of Latin America and
the Caribbean, Boulder, Westview, 2001.

Journals:
• Americas Quarterly
• Bulletin of Latin American Research
• Current History
• Daedalus
• Estudios Internacionales
• Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos
• Foreign Affairs
• Foreign Affairs en Español
• Foreign Policy
• Foro Internacional
• Hispanic American Historical Review
• International Affairs
• International Organization
• International Security
• Journal of Inter-American Studies
• Journal of Latin American Studies
• Latin American Research Review
• Millennium

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• Orbis

Useful Web pages:

• Canadian Foundation for the Americas www.focal.ca
• CEPAL (Comisión Económica Para América Latina y el Caribe) http://www.eclac.org/
• FLACSO (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales) http://www.flacso.org/
• Latin America Network Information Center http://lanic.utexas.ed
• Latin American Studies Association http:\\lasa.international.pitt.edu
• Organization of American States www.oas.org
• The Americas Society/Council for the Americas www.as-coa.org
• The Inter-American Dialogue www.iadialog.org
• Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (Latin American Program, Mexico
Institute, Brazil Institute, US-Mexico Border)
http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=topics.home&topic_id=1425
http://mexicoinstitute.wordpress.com/category/u-s-mexico-border/
• Working papers CIDE www.cide.edu

WEEK 1: INTRODUCTION
Jan. 28/Feb. 4

Americas Quarterly, “Memos to the President Elect”, Fall 2008.

WEEK 2: STUDYING LATIN AMERICA: CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

Feb. 4

Guiding questions:

- What theories, models and methodologies have generally been used to study Latin America?
What are their limitations according to Centeno and López-Alves?

- How does the study of Latin America contribute to our understanding of economic
development, political institutions, the state and nationalism?

- “What distinguishes the Latin American experience is that despite considerable economic
development and an independent political history of nearly two hundred years, the classic
nineteenth century problem of chaos and institutional weakness remains.” (Centeno and López-
Alves). What explains this persistent “chaos and institutional weakness”?

Readings:
**Reid, Michael, Forgotten Continent: The Battle for Latin America’s Soul, Yale University
Press, 2007, pp. 1-51.

**Miguel Angel Centeno and Fernando López-Alves (eds.), The Other Mirror: Grand Theory
through the Lens of Latin America, Princeton University Press, 2000.
(“Introduction”, pp. 3-24; Chapter 4 “From the Power of Economic Ideas to the Power of
Economists”, pp. 105-150; Chapter 6, “The Modern Mexican State: Theory and Practice”,
pp. 177-210; Chapter 7, “Samuel Huntington and the Latin American State”, pp. 219-239;
Chapter 8, “Class Relations and Democratization: A Reassessment of Barrington Moore’s
Model”; Chapter 11, “Nationalism as a Practical System: Benedict Anderson’s Theory of

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Nationalism from the Vantage Point of Spanish America”)

Additional sources:
David Thelen, “Mexico, the Latin North American Nation: A Conversation with Carlos Rico
Ferrat”, Journal of American History, vol. 86, no. 2, July 1999.

**Walter Mignolo, The Idea of Latin America, Wiley-Blackwell, 2005.

WEEK 3: THE DYNAMICS OF US-LATIN AMERICA RELATIONS

Feb. 11

Guiding questions:
-“If one wants to understand the cores of United States policy toward Latin America, one studies
security” (Lars Schoultz). Discuss.

- To what extent has the ending of the Cold War changed the determinants of US policy towards
Latin America?

- In what ways did Latin America benefit from the ending of the Cold War? Were there any
offsetting disadvantages?

- “The end of the Cold War gave the Latin American countries the opportunity to become rule-
makers instead of rule-takers in the international system.” Do you agree?

Readings:

Schoultz, Lars, Beneath the United States: A History of US Policy Toward Latin America,
1998.

Domínguez, Jorge I., ‘US-Latin American Relations during the Cold War and its
Aftermath’, in Victor Bulmer-Thomas and James Dunkerley, ed., The United States and
Latin America: The New Agenda, David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies,
Harvard University and Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London,
1999. pp. 33-50.

Lowenthal, Abraham, Partners in Conflict. The United States and Latin America, Baltimore,
The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, pp. 48-65.

Coll, Albert R., ‘United States Strategic Interests in Latin America: An Assessment’,
Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, Special Issue of US-Latin American
Relations, vol. 39, no. 1, spring 1997, pp. 45-57

Additional sources:
Kenworthy, Eldon, America/Americas: Myth in the Making of US Policy toward Latin America,
Pennsylvania State UP, 1995, pp. 1-22.

Desch, Michael, When the Third World Matters: Latin America and United States Grand
Strategy, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993, pp. 1-12, 137-142, 146-149.

Smith, Peter H., Talons of the Eagle. Dynamics of US-Latin American Relations, Oxford, OUP,
1996.

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Christian, Shirley, ‘Latin American Trade Relations’, Journal of Inter-American Studies and
World Affairs, Special Issue of US-Latin American Relations, vol. 39, no. 1, spring 1997, pp.
71-83

Hartlyn, Jonathan, et al, The United States and Latin America in the 1990s. Beyond the Cold War,
Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press, 1992.

Pastor, Robert A., Whirlpool: US Foreign Policy Toward Latin America and the Caribbean,
Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1992, pp. 104-117.

Pastor, Robert A., Exiting the Whirlpool: US Foreign Policy Toward Latin America and the
Caribbean, 2nd ed., Boulder, Westview, 2001.

Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, Special Issue of US-Latin American
Relations, vol. 39, no. 1, spring 1997.

Lowenthal, Abraham and Gregory Treverton, eds., Latin America in a New World, Boulder,
Westview Press, 1994.

Pastor, Robert A., ‘The Bush Administration and Latin America: The Pragmatic Style and the
Regionalist Option’, Journal of Inter-American and World Affairs, vol. 33, no. 3, autumn,
1991, pp. 1-34.

Ruggie, John G., Winning the Peace. America and World Order in the New Era, 1996.

Blasier, Cole, The Giant’s Rival: The USSR and Latin America, 1984, pp. 154-175.

Blaiser, Cole, The Hovering Giant: US Responses to Revolutionary Change in Latin America,
1976, pp. 154-175, 241-296.

Middlebrook, Kevin J., and Carlos Rico, eds., The United States and Latin America in the 1980s:
Contending Perspectives on a Decade of Crisis, Pittsburgh UP, 1986.

Fagen, Richard (1987). Forging Peace: The Challenge of Central America. (country summaries
on pp.59-118).

Atkins, G. Pope, Latin America and the Caribbean in the international system, Boulder,
Westview, 1999.

FEB 18 – NO CLASS
RESEARCH PROPOSALS DUE
The proposal (1-3pp) should include a title for the project, a justification for topic selection and
relevance to the class, research questions and objectives, outline for the paper and
bibliography.

WEEK 4: PROMOTING DEMOCRACY IN LATIN AMERICA

Feb. 25

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Guiding questions:
- Compare and contrast recent US policies of “democracy promotion” with earlier periods such as
the Alliance for Progress and/or the Carter presidency.

- Does democratization in developing countries require (or benefit) from external assistance?

- Does the recent trend to allow re-election in many Latin American countries represent a
consolidation of democracy or is it a step back?

Readings:
Carothers, Thomas, In the Name of Democracy. US Policy Towards Latin America in the
Reagan Years, 1991, p. 1-11; (Chile: 149-163; Panama: 166-182; Haiti: 182-195).

Allison, Graham T., Jr., and Robert P. Beschel, Jr., ‘Can the United States promote
democracy?’, Political Science Quarterly, vol. 107, no. 1, Spring 1992, pp. 81-98.

Coatsworth,, John H., ‘The United-States and Democracy in Mexico’, in Bulmer-Thomas

and Dunkerley, eds., The United States and Latin America, 1999, pp. 141-155.

Schoultz, Lars, ‘Blessings of Liberty: The United States and the Promotion of Democracy in
Cuba’, Journal of Latin American Studies, vol. 34, 2002, pp. 397-425.

Additional sources:
**Andrew Selee and Enrique Peruzzotti (eds.), Participatory Innovation and Representative
Democracy in Latin America, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.

Thomas Legler, Sharon F. Lean, and Dexter S. Boniface (eds.), Promoting Democracy in the
Americas, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007.

Jorge I. Domínguez and Michael Shifter (eds.), Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin
America, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008.

**Larry Diamond, Marc F. Plattner, and Diego Abente Brun, Latin America's Struggle for
Democracy, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008.

Carothers, Thomas, ‘Promoting Democracy and Fighting Terror’, Foreign Affairs, vol. 82 no. 1,
Jan/Feb. 2003, p. 84, 14 pp.

Lowenthal, Abraham, ed., Exporting Democracy. The United States and Latin America, 1991.

Carothers, Thomas, Aiding Democracy Abroad. The Learning Curve, New York, Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, 1999.

Farer, Tom ed., Beyond Sovereignty: Collectively Defending Democracy in the Americas,
Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

**Mazza, Jacqueline, Don’t Disturb the Neighbors, The United States and Democracy in Mexico,
1980-1995, London, Routledge, 2001.

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Peceny, Mark, ‘Two Paths to the Promotion of Democracy during U.S. Military Interventions’,
International Studies Quarterly, vol. 39, no. 3, September 1995, pp. 371-401.

Laurence Whitehead, Democratization, Key Debates (2000) Chapters 7 and 8, pp. 105-42.

Laurence Whitehead, The International Dimensions of Democratization (Oxford, 1996), Chapter

1, pp. 3-25.

Robinson, William I., Promoting Polyarchy. Globalization, US Intervention and Hegemony,

1996.

Smith, Tony, America’s Mission. The United States and the Worldwide Study for Democracy in
the 20th Century, 1994.

Y, ‘On a certain impatience with Latin America’, Foreign Affairs, vol. 28, no. 4, July 1950, pp.
565-579.

O’Donnell, Guillermo, and Philippe Schmitter. 1986. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule:
Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies.

Adelman, Jeremy (2001). “Institutions, Property, and Economic Development in Latin America”
in Centeno and López-Alves, eds., The Other Mirror: Grand Theory Through the Lens of
Latin America, pp.27-54.

Valenzuela, Arturo (1978). The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Chile

Additional briefings and working papers on democratization at:

- Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: www.ceip.org
-Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs, Democracy Gateway -
http://www.cceia.org/viewMedia.php/prmTemplateID/8/prmID/1074
-Centre for Global Development, On the Brink: Weak States and US National Security at
www.cgdev.org/docs/Full_Report.pdf
-United Nations, Agenda for Development, June 1997, http://www.un.org/Docs/SG/ag_index.htm
-Secretary-General Kofi Annan, "Why Democracy is an International Issue," Cyril Foster
Lecture, Oxford, June 2001. Available online at:
http://www.escwa.org.lb/information/press/un/2001/word-pdf/19june.pdf
-Anthony Lake (US National Security Adviser under President Clinton), 'From Containment to
Enlargement', http://www.uiowa.edu/~c030162/Common/Handouts/Other/Lake.htm

WEEK 5: THE RESURGENCE OF THE LEFT

March 4

Guest speaker: Marco Morales, NYU

Readings:
**Morales, Marco and Jorge Castañeda (eds.), Leftovers: Tales of the Latin American Left,
London, Routledge, 2008 (Read the whole book – special emphasis on chapters 1, 2, 5,
12)

Additional sources:

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Castañeda, Jorge, Utopia Unarmed: The Latin American Left after the Cold War, Vintage;
Vintage Books, 1994.

Castañeda, Jorge G. (2006). “Latin America’s Left Turn” Foreign Affairs 85:3, pp.28-43.

Cleary, Matthew R. (2006). “A ‘Left Turn’ in Latin America? Explaining the Left’s
Resurgence,” Journal of Democracy, 17:4, pp.35-49.

Lomnitz, Claudio “Latin America’s Rebellion: Will the new left set a new agenda?” Boston
Review, 31, no. 5 (September/October 2006): 7–10.

Shifter, Michael. 2008. “A New Path for Latin America?” Current History Magazine. 107 (706):
90.

Ellner, Steve “Introduction: The Changing Status of the Latin American Left in the Recent Past,”
in The Latin American Left: From the Fall of Allende to Perestroika, Barry Carr and Steve
Ellner. eds. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993), 1–21.

Harnecker, Marta “On Leftist Strategy,” Science & Society, 69, no. 2 (April 2005): 142–152.

WEEK 6: THE HUMAN RIGHTS AGENDA: THE OAS AND THE INTER-AMERICAN
COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
March 11

- Why are the objectives of democracy promotion and human rights protection so relevant now in
the region? How new are they?

- “The rise of human rights issues in the regional agenda demonstrates that external actors,
governmental or not, have a strong influence in the governments of the region.” Do you agree?

- What are the current challenges in the human rights agenda in Latin America and how are they
being addressed?

- Have multilateral institutions been successful in promoting and protecting human rights?

Readings:
**Gordon Mace, Jean-Philippe Therien, Paul Haslam (eds.), Governing the Americas:
Assessing Multilateral Institutions, Lynne Rienner, 2007, pp. 1-68, 113-172.

Carozza, Paolo G., ‘From Conquest to Constitutions: Retrieving a Latin American

Tradition of the Idea of Human Rights’, Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 25, 2003, pp. 281-
313.

Canton, Santiago, “The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights: 50 Years of

Advances and the New Challenges That Await”, Americas Quarterly, Summer 2009.

Toledo, Alejandro, “Healing the Past, Protecting the Future”, Americas Quarterly, Summer
2009.

Additional sources:

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Vaky, Viron P. and Heraldo Muñoz, The Future of the Organization of American States, 1993.

Schoultz, Lars, Human Rights and US Policy Toward Latin America, 1981.

Kaysen, Carl, Robert Pastor and Laura Reed, Collective Responses to Regional Problems: The
Case of Latin America and the Caribbean, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1994,
pp. 15-27.

Harris, David, and Stephen Livingstone, The Inter-American System of Human Rights, 1998.

Feinberg, Richard, and Robin Rosenberg, eds., Civil Society and the Summit of the Americas: The
1998 Santiago Summit, 1999.

Moir, Lindsay, ‘Law and the Inter-American Human Rights System’, Human Rights Quarterly,
vol. 25, 2003, pp. 182-212.

Millett, Richard L., Beyond Sovereignty: International Efforts to Support Latin American
Democracy’, Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, vol. 36, no. 3 (special
issue: The Summit of the Americas-Issues to Consider), autumn 1994, pp. 1-23.

Muñoz, Heraldo, ‘Collective Action for Democracy in the Americas’, in Heraldo Muñoz and
Joseph S. Tulchin eds., Latin American Nations in World Politics, 2nd. ed., Boulder,
Westview, 1996.

Wehr, Paul and John Paul Lederach, ‘Mediating Conflict in Central America’ Journal of Peace
Research, vol. 28, no. 1 (special issue on International Mediation), February 1991, pp. 85-98.

Connell-Smith, Gordon, The Inter-American System, Oxford, OUP, 1966.

Martz, John and Lars Schoultz, eds, Latin America, the United States and the inter-American
System, 1980.

Stoetzer, Carlos, The Organization of American States, 2nd ed., London, Praeger, 1993.

Rachel Sieder, ed. (2002), Multiculturalism in Latin America: Indigenous Rights, Diversity and
Democracy, Palgrave/Macmillan, 2002.

Yashar, Deborah (2005). Contesting Citizenship in Latin America.

Van Cott, Donna Lee (2005). From Movements to Parties in Latin America: the Evolution of
Ethnic Politics.

Perrault, Thomas (2003). “Social Capital, Development, and Indigenous Politics in Ecuadorian
Amazonia” Geographical Review, 93:3, pp.328-349.

Claudio Lomnitz, “Nationalism as a Practical System: Benedict Anderson's Theory of

Nationalism from the Vantage Point of Spanish America”, in Miguel Angel Centeno and
Fernando López-Alves (eds.), “The Other Mirror: Grand Theory through the Lens of
Latin America, Princeton University Press, 2000 (Chapter 11)

Katya Salazar and Javier de la Rosa, “The Obstacles to Justice for the Indigenous”, Americas

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Quarterly, Summer 2009.

On the broader evolution of human rights in international relations see:

• Forsythe, David P., Human Rights in International Relations, Cambridge, CUP, 2000.
• Keck, Margaret E. and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists Beyond Borders. Advocacy Networks in
International Politics, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1998.
• Risse, Thomas, Stephen C. Robb and Kathryn Sikkink, eds., The Power of Human Rights.
International Norms and Domestic Change, 1999.
• Whitehead, Laurence ed., The International Dimensions of Democratization: Europe and the
Americas, 1996.
• Jan Aart Scholte, 'Civil Society and Democracy in Global Governance', Global Governance 8,
no. 3 (2002): 281-304; OR 'Global Civil Society', in The Political Economy of Globalisation,
ed. Ngaire Woods (2000).
• Richard Price, 'Transnational Civil Society and Advocacy in World Politics', World Politics
55, no. 4 (2003): 579-606.].
• Millennium special issue on civil society and global politics, vol. 23, no. 3 (1994).

March 18: SPRING BREAK

WEEK 7: SECURITY IN LATIN AMERICA

March 25

Guiding questions:
- What does “security” mean in the Americas?

- “The main sources of insecurity in the region are primarily of a domestic nature.” Do you
agree?

- Is there a security agenda in the region? Would it be desirable to have one?

- Are the security concerns of the Latin American countries exclusive to the region?

- Does the presence of the regional hegemon affect the understanding and implementation of
security in Latin America?

Readings:

Hurrell, Andrew, ‘Security in Latin America’, International Affairs 74, 3, July 1998.
OR
Hurrell, Andrew, ‘An Emerging Security in South America?’ in Emanuel Adler and
Michael Barnett, eds., Security Communities, 1998.

Hurrell, Andrew (2006), ‘Hegemony in a region that dares not speak its name’,
International Journal, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 545-566

**Gordon Mace, Jean-Philippe Therien, Paul Haslam (eds.), Governing the Americas:
Assessing Multilateral Institutions, Lynne Rienner, 2007, pp. 71-109.

Holden, Robert H., ‘Constructing the Limits of State Violence in Central America: Towards

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a New Research Agenda’, Journal of Latin American Studies, vol. 28, no. 2, May 1996, pp.
435-459.

Additional sources:
Brown, Michael ed., The International Dimensions of Internal Conflict, 1996 (especially Chapter
6, Mark Chernick, ‘Peacemaking and Violence in Latin America’).

Kees Koonings and Dirk Kruijt eds., Societies of Fear: The Legacy of Civil War, Violence and
Terror in Latin America, 1999 (Chapter by Daniel Pecaut)

Radu, Michael, ‘The Perilous Appeasement of Guerrillas’, Orbis, spring 2000.

Bushnell, David, The Making of Modern Colombia: A Nation in spite of Itself, 1993.

Arnson, Cynthia J. and Carlos Basimbrio, eds., Comparative Peace Processes in Latin America,
1999.

Centeno, Miguel, ‘The Peaceful Continent: War in Latin America’ in Gladys Varona Lacey and
Julio López-Arias eds., Latin America: A Panorama, 1998.

Child, Jack, Geopolitics and Conflict in South America: Quarrels among Neighbours, Praeger,
1985.

Domínguez, Jorge I., ed., International Security and Democracy. Latin America and the
Caribbean in the Post-Cold War Era, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1998.

Holsti, Kal, ‘Analyzing an Anomaly: War, Peace and the State in South America’, in Holsti, ed.,
The State, War and the State of War, 1996.

Mares, David, ‘Regional Conflict Management in Latin America: Power Complemented by

Diplomacy’, in David Lake and Patrick Morgan eds., Regional Orders: Building Security in a
New World Order, 1997.

Marcella, Gabriel, ‘The Latin American Military, Low Intensity Conflict, and Democracy’
Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, vol. 32, no. 1, spring 1990, pp. 45-82.

Marcella, Gabriel and Downes, Richard, eds., Security Co-operation in the Western Hemisphere:
Resolving the Ecuador-Peru Conflict, 1999.

Mares, David, ed., Civil-Military Relations: Building Democracy and Regional Security in Latin
America, Southern Asia, and Central Europe (Latin American in Global Perspective Series)

Mares, David, Violent Peace, N. York, Columbia University Press, 2001.

On the broader debates on security and the changing nature of security:

• Ayoob, Mohammed, The Third World Security Predicament. State Making, Regional Conflict
and the International System, 1995.
• Holsti, Kalevi J., The State, War, and the State of War, 1996 (chapter 2).
• Kaldor, Mary, New and Old Wars. Organized Violence in a Global Era, 1999.
• Kaplan, Robert D., ‘The Coming Anarchy’, Atlantic Monthly, February 1994.

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WEEK 8: MANAGING TRANSNATIONAL FLOWS

April 2

-What are the implications of the rise to prominence of issues of drug trafficking, drug-related
violence, human trafficking and undocumented migration for the region's international relations?

-How has the post 9/11 context affected the regulation of migration flows and the control of
borders?

-Are border control policies more about “recreating an image of the border and a symbolic
reaffirmation of the state’s territorial authority rather than a real dissuasion strategy to reduce the
flows of drugs and migrants” (Andreas, 2000)? What are the unintended consequences of U.S.
border control operations implemented since 1993 and legislation passed since 1996?

- Is regional integration in the Americas desirable? What are the limits? Would a regional
approach improve the management of illicit transnational flows?

Readings:

**Victor Bulmer Thomas, Regional Integration in Latin America and the Caribbean (2001),
Introduction.

Ana Julia Jatar and Sidney Weintraub (eds.) (1997) Integrating the Hemisphere:
Perspectives from Latin America and the Caribbean, Inter-American Dialogue,
Washington D.C., pp. 152-196.

Peter Andreas and Thomas J. Biersteker (eds.) (2003), The Rebordering of North America:
Integration and Exclusion in a New Security Context, New York, Routledge, pp. 1-45;
110-127; 153-165.

Castro, Max J. (ed.) (1999), “Free Markets, Open Societies, Closed Borders? Trends in
International Migration and Immigration Policy in the Americas”, Miami, North-
South Center Press/University of Miami.

Serrano, Monica, 2000. “Transnational Crime in the Western Hemisphere”, in Jorge

Domínguez, ed., The Future of Inter-American Relations, New York: Routledge, pp.
87-110.

Additional sources:
Bruce Bagley, 2004. “Globalization and Transnational Organized Crime,” in Menno Vellinga,
ed., The Political Economy of the Drug Industry. Latin America and the International
System, Gainesville: University Press of Florida, pp. 261-296.

Peter Andreas (2003), “Redrawing the Line: Borders and Security in the 21st Century”,
International Security, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. pp. 78-111.

Lee, Rensselaer, 1999. “Transnational Organized Crime: An Overview”, in Tom Farer,

ed.,Transnational Crime in the Americas, New York: Routledge, pp. 1–38.

Sassen, Saskia (1999), “Transnational Economies and National Migration Policies”, in Max J.

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Castro (ed.), Free Markets, Open Societies, Closed Borders? Trends in International
Migration and Immigration Policy in the Americas, Miami, North-South Center
Press/University of Miami, pp. 7-32.

Haus, Leah (2001b) “Migration and International Economic Institutions”, in Aristide Zolberg and
Peter Benda (eds.), Global Migrants, Global Refugees: Problems and Solutions, New
York, Berghahn Books, pp. 271-296.

Haus, Leah (1999), “Integrated Issues: Migration and International Economic Interdependence”,
in Max J. Castro (ed.), Free Markets, Open Societies, Closed Borders? Trends in
International Migration and Immigration Policy in the Americas, Miami, North-South
Center Press/University of Miami, pp. 85-99.

Papademetriou, Demetrios (2003), “The Shifting Expectations of Free Trade and Migration”, in
John Audley, Sandra Polaski, Demetrios G. Papademetriou, and Scott Vaughan (eds.),
NAFTA’s Promise and Reality: Lessons from Mexico for the Hemisphere, Washington
D.C., Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

WEEK 9: DRUG CONTROL POLICIES

April 8

Guiding questions:
-Has the conceptualization of the “drug problem” changed in Latin America and/or in the United
States since the 1980s?

-Do drug “control” policies conflict with other U.S. interests in the region?

-Is the Mérida Initiative the “right” drug control approach?

-What are the limits for multilateral cooperation on drug control policies?

Readings:

Bagley, Bruce and Juan G. Tokatlian, ‘Dope and Dogma: Explaining the Failure of US-
Latin American Drug Policies’, in Hartlyn et. al., The United States and Latin America in
the 1990s, 1992.

**Peter Andreas, Border Games: Controlling the US-Mexico Divide (2009 ed.)

Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, special issue on drugs, 34, 3, 1992.

Mérida Initiative Portal, Woodrow Wilson Center, www.wilsoncenter.org/merida

Additional sources:
Farer, Tom ed., Transnational Crime in the Americas, N. York, Routledge, 1999.

Joyce, Elizabeth and Carlos Malamud, eds., Latin America and the Multinational Drug Trade,
1998.

Steiner, Roberto, ‘Hooked on Drugs: Colombian-US Relations’, in Bulmer-Thomas and

Dunkerley eds., The United States and Latin America, 1999.

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Sweig, Julia E., ‘What Kind of War for Colombia?’, Foreign Affairs, vol. 81, no. 5, Sep/Oct.
2002, p. 122, 21 pp.

Thoumi, Francisco, ‘The Impact of the Illegal Drug Industry on Colombia’, in Farer, ed.,
Transnational Crime in the Americas, 1999.

Clare Ribando Seelke, “CRS Report: Mérida Initiative for Mexico and Central America: Funding
and Policy Issues”, August 2009
(http://www.wilsoncenter.org/news/docs/CRS%20M%C3%A9rida%20Initiative%20for%20M
exico%20and%20Central%20America%20Funding%20Policy%20Issues.pdf)

Eric Olson, “Six Key Issues in United States-Mexico Security Cooperation”, Woodrow Wilson
Center, July 2008 http://www.wilsoncenter.org/news/docs/Olson%20Brief.pdf

WEEK 10: MIGRATION IN THE AMERICAS

April 15

Readings:

Patricia Pessar (ed.), When Borders Don’t Divide: Labor Migration and Refugee Movements
in the Americas, Center for Migration Studies, New York, 1988

Sergio Díaz-Briquets, International Migration Within Latin America and the Caribbean: An
Overview, Center for Migration Studies, New York, 1983.

Additional sources:
Lelio Mármora, “Políticas migratorias consensuadas en América Latina”, Estudios Migratorios
Latinoamericanos, vol. 17, no. 50, abril 2003.

Jorge Martínez Pizarro, “Tendencias recientes de la migración internacional en América Latina y

el Caribe”, vol. 18, no. 54, agosto 2004.

**Douglas Massey, Katharine Donato, John Hiskey and Jorge Durand (eds.), (2010)
Continental Divides: International Migration in the Americas. Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage Publications. Special issue of the Annals of the American Academy of Political
and Social Science, forthcoming.

Douglas Massey, Katharine Donato, John Hiskey and Jorge Durand (2010), “Migration in
the Americas: Mexico and Latin America in Comparative Context” Annals of the
American Academy of Political and Social Science, forthcoming.

Douglas Massey and Jorge Durand (2010) “New World Orders: Continuities and Changes
in Latin American Migration”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and
Social Science, forthcoming.

Douglas Massey and Fernando Riosmena (2010), “Undocumented Migration from Latin
America in an Era of Rising U.S. Enforcement”, Annals of the American Academy of
Political and Social Science, forthcoming.

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WEEK 11: DRUGS: HISTORY AND METHODS

***WEDNESDAY APRIL 21

Guest speaker: Paul Gootenberg, Stony Brook University (TBC)

**Paul Gootenberg, Andean Cocaine: The Making of a Global Drug, University of North
Carolina Press, 2009 (Introduction and Chapter 7)

WEEK 12: US FOREIGN POLICY AND IMMIGRATION

April 29

Guiding questions:

-How do US foreign policy considerations influence migration policies? Are there variations
across countries in Latin America?

-How does the asymmetry of power between the United States and migrant-sending countries
affect the management of migration?

-Is cooperation for the management of migration possible; is it desirable?

Readings:
Mitchell, Christopher (ed.) (1992), Western Hemisphere Immigration and U.S. Foreign
Policy, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State University Press, pp. 1-30, 222-283, 285-300.
(Case studies: Haiti, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Central America, Mexico)

Additional sources:
Domínguez, Jorge I. and Rafael Fernández de Castro (2001), The United States and Mexico:
Between Partnership and Conflict, New York/London, Routledge.

Castañeda, Jorge G. (2007), ExMex: From Migrants to Immigrants, New York, The New Press,
pp. 48-116, 168-194.

Leiken, Robert S. (2002), “Enchilada Lite: A Post-9/11 Mexican Migration Agreement”, Center
for Immigration Studies Backgrounder (http://www.cis.org/articles/2002/leiken.html)
(http://www.cis.org/articles/2002/leiken.pdf)

Davidow, Jeffrey (2004), The U.S. and Mexico: The Bear and the Porcupine, Princeton, New
Jersey, Markus Wiener.

Garcia y Griego, Manuel (1983) ‘The Importation of Mexican Contract Laborers to the United
States, 1942-1964: Antecedents, Operation, and Legacy’, in Peter Brown and Henry Shue
(eds.), The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility, New Jersey,
Rowman and Littlefield, 1983a, pp. 49-98.

Weintraub, Sidney (1998), “Responses to Migration: IRCA and the Facilitation of U.S.-Mexico
Migration Dialogue”, in Migration Between Mexico and the United States: Binational
Study, Austin, Morgan Printing, vol. 3, pp. 1229-1233

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(http://www.utexas.edu/lbj/uscir/binpapers/v3c-3weintraub.pdf, last viewed: February 7,

2007).

Weintraub, Sidney, Francisco Alba, Rafael Fernández de Castro and Manuel García y Griego
(1998), “Responses to Migration Issues”, in Migration Between Mexico and the United
States: Binational Study, Austin, Morgan Printing, vol. 1, pp. 437-509
(http://www.utexas.edu/lbj/uscir/binpapers/v1-5weintraub.pdf, last viewed: February 7,
2007).

U.S.-Mexico Migration Panel (2001), Mexico-U.S. Migration: A Shared Responsibility,

Washington D.C., Carnegie Endowment for International Peace/ITAM, February.

OR

WEEK 12: DIASPORAS AND TRANSNATIONALISM

April 29

Guiding questions:

- What do states gain by engaging their diasporas? What kinds of states engage their diasporas
and how?

- What type of transnational practices do immigrants engage in and what impact do they have in
their home countries?

- Does the state influence transnational practices and their impact in the host/home countries?

-Can states control immigrants’ transnational political participation?

Readings:
Levitt, Peggy and Rafael de la Dehesa (2003), “Transnational Migration and the
Redefinition of the State: Variations and Explanations”, Ethnic and Racial Studies,
26 (4), pp. 587-611.

Délano, Alexandra (2009), “From Limited To Active Engagement: Mexico’s Emigration

Policies from a Foreign Policy Perspective (2000-2006)”, International Migration
Review, Vol. 43, No. 4, Winter 2009.

Gamlen, Alan (2008), “Why Engage Diasporas?”, COMPAS Working Paper, No. 63,
University of Oxford.
http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/files/pdfs/WP0863%20A%20Gamlen.pdf

Suggested readings:
Gonzalez Gutierrez, Carlos (1999), “Fostering Identities: Mexico’s Relations with Its Diaspora”,
Journal of American History, vol. 86, no. 2.

Martínez-Saldaña, Jesús (2003), “Los Olvidados Become Heroes: The Evolution of Mexico’s
Policies Towards Citizens Abroad”, in Eva Østergaard-Nielsen (ed.), International
Migration and Sending Countries: Perceptions, Policies and Transnational Relations,
Hampshire and New York: Palgrave, pp. 33-56.

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Jokisch, Brad and David Kyle (2005) “Transformations in Ecuadorian transnational migration
1993-2003”, pp. 57-70 in Ecuadorian Migration: transnationalism, networks and
identities edited by Gioconda Herrera, Maria Crisitina Carillo and Alicia Torres,
FLACSO, Quito, Ecuador. Available in English at:
http://www.unomaha.edu/ollas/pdf/Papers%20cumbre07/Jokisch%20paper%20ENG.pdf

Barry, Kim (2006), “Home and Away: The Construction of Citizenship in an Emigration
Context”, New York Law Review, vol. 81, no. 1, April, pp. 11-59.

Steven Vertovec, (2006), “Diasporas good? Diasporas bad?”, Working Paper No. 41, Center On
Migration Policies and Society, University of Oxford
http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/publications/Working%20papers/WP0641-Vertovec.pdf

Gonzalez Gutierrez, Carlos (1997), “Decentralised Diplomacy: the Role of Consular Offices in
Mexico’s Relations with its Diaspora”, in Rodolfo De la Garza and Jesús Velasco (eds.),
Bridging the Border, New York, Rowman and Littlefield.

Shain, Yossi and Aharon Barth (2003), “Diasporas and International Relations Theory”,
International Organization, 57 (Summer), pp. 449-79.

De Haas, Hein (2007), “Between Courting and Controlling: The Moroccan State and ‘Its’
Emigrants”, COMPAS Working Paper, No. 54, University of Oxford.
http://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/publications/Working%20papers/wp-07-54.shtml

WEEK 13 & 14: CASE STUDIES (Student presentations)

May 6, May 13

GUIDELINES FOR PRESENTATIONS:

-Each presentation will last 15 minutes. After each two presentations, we’ll have a Q&A period
for discussion 20-25 mins. You can bring handouts or use Power Point if it is relevant to the
presentation (this is not a requirement). I encourage you to avoid reading the presentation (or at
least not all of it) and use this opportunity as practice for giving a talk or a presentation at a
conference.

-Those who are presenting have to:

1) Send me an article/book chapter that they find most useful for the class to read in relation to
the presentation. This has to be sent one week in advance. I will post on blackboard.
2) Send a one-page description of the paper to the class (at least 24 hrs before class)
3) Send me the draft of your paper at least by Wednesday night so I can prepare comments.

-Those who are not presenting have to prepare responses/questions for the presentations by:
1) Reading the articles/book chapters suggested by the presenters.
2) Reading the one-page descriptions sent by the presenters.

-Final Paper: 15-20pp. (incorporating comments from presentations and draft).

-Those who present on Week 13 and 14 will hand in their papers on Week 15 (at the latest), those
who present on Week 15 may hand in their papers the following week (date TBC).

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Week 15: CASE STUDIES (Student presentations)

OR Wrap-Up: US-Latin American Relations Today (TBC – depending on the size of the
classs)
May 17-20 (Date TBD –this will be a makeup session for the class missed on Feb. 18)

Readings:
Hakim, Peter (2006). “Is Washington Losing Latin America?” Foreign Affairs 85:1, pp.39-
53.

**Joseph S. Tulchin and Ralph H. Espach, eds., Latin America in the New International
System, Boulder, Lynne Rienner, 2001, pp. 183-206.

Shifter, Michael, ‘Latin America’s New Political Leaders: Walking on a Wire’, Current
History, February 2003, pp. 51-57.

**Lowenthal, Abraham, Theodore J. Piccone and Laurence Whitehead, eds. (2009), The
Obama Administration and the Americas: Agenda for Change, Brookings Institution
Press.

Additional readings:

Fishlow, Albert, and James Jones, eds. (1999). The United States and the Americas: A Twenty-
first Century View, Chapters 1, 5-8.

Purcell, Susan Kaufman, ‘U.S. Foreign Policy Since September 11th and its Impact On Latin
America’, paper prepared for a conference on “Power Asymmetry and International Security”,
sponsored by PENT, September 6, 2002, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Phillips, Nicola (2005). “U.S. Power and the Politics of Economic Governance in the
Americas,” Latin American Politics and Society, 47:4, pp.1-25.

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