1. Sjamsuhidajat r, De Jong W. Buku Ajar Ilmu Bedah. Edisi 2. Jakarta : EGC,2003.
2. Anonymous. Ileus. [Online].2007 September 13 [cited 2008 May 19];[6 screens]. Available from:URL:http://medlinux.blogspot.com/2007/09/ileus.html 3. Wilson LM, Lester LB. Usus kecil dan usus besar. Dalam : Price SA, Wilson LM,editor. Patofisiologi konsep klinis proses- proses penyakit. Alih bahasa: dr.Peter Anugerah. Jakarta: EGC;1995. Hal.389 – 412. 4. Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, Pararas N, Tzertzemelis D, Giannopoulos P,et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction:clinical presentation, etiology, management and outcome. World Journal of gastroenterology. 2007 January 21;13(3):432-437. Available from URL: http://www.wjgnet.com 5. Faradilla, N. Ileus Obstruksi. (diunduh 20 Maret 2011). Diunduh dari URL: http:// http://www.scribd.com/doc/37250440-Belibis-A17-Ileus-Obstruksi 6. SNELL 7. Siregar H, Yusuf I, Sinrang AW, Gani AA. Fisiologi Gastrointestinal. Ed.1. Ujung Pandang: Fak. Kedokteran Unhas;1995. 8. Malueka, R.D (editor). Radiologi Diagnostik. Yogjakarta: Pustaka Cendekia Press Yogjakarta, 2008. Hal 28-32. 9. Faradilla, N. Ileus Obstruksi. (diunduh 20 Maret 2011). Diunduh dari URL: http:// http://www.scribd.com/doc/37250440-Belibis-A17-Ileus-Obstruksi 10. 46943944 11. 4519202611, 12. Ansari P. Intestinal obstruction. [Online]. 2007 September [cited 2008 May 21];[4 screens]. Available from: URL:http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec02/choll/chollh.html. 13. Mukherjee S. Ileus. [Online]. 2008 January 29 [cited 2008 May 21];[7 screens]. Available from: URL:http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1154.htm. 14. Manif Niko, Kartadinata. Obstruksi Ileus. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran No.29 [Online]. 1983 [cited 2008 May 16];[3 screens]. Available from: URL:http://www.portalkalbe.com/files/obstruksiileus.pdf.