განათლების სისტემის გარდაქმნისა და განმტკიცების პროექტი "ილია ჭავჭავაძის" შეფასება, 2007

ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis
proeqti ìlia WavWavaZis~ Sefaseba
agvisto 2007
mark Sapiro jgufis xelmZRvaneli
Siro nakata proeqtis oficeri
lela Caxaia kvlevis koordinatori
eka Jvania kvlevis koordinatori
giorgi babunaSvili mTavari asocirebuli mkvlevari
nino fruiZe asocirebuli mkvlevari
medea cxomeliZe asocirebuli mkvlevari
2008 © proeqti ìlia WavWavaZe~

sarCevi
Semajamebeli mimoxilva 7
a-1.0 saswavlo garemos reforma 8
kvlevis sxva mniSvnelovani Sedegebi

saswavlo garemos Sesaxeb: 10
ZiriTadi mignebebi skolebis socialur da fizikur

garemosTan dakavSirebiT 13
a-2.0 reformebi marTvisa da finansuri
SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebisaTvis 15
ZiriTadi miRwevebi marTvis, finansuri SesaZleblobebis

da informaciis marTvis sakiTxebSi mdgomareobs SemdegSi: 16
a-3.0 rekomendaciebi Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis 22
1.0 Sesavali da winapiroba
1.1 Sesavali 23
1.2 angariSis struqtura 24
1.3 saswavlo garemo 24
1.3.1 skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTareba 24
1.3.2 saskolo qseli 25
1.3.3 axali saswavlo gegmis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli treningebi 26
1.3.4 damxmare saswavlo masalebis gamofena 27
1.3.5 proeqt ìrmis naxtomis~ trening-programa 28
1.4 marTva da finansebi
1.4.1 decentralizacia da marTva 29
1.4.2 vauCeruli dafinansebis formula 30
1.4.3 maswavlebelTa saxelfaso angariSworebis axali sqema 30
1.4.4 optimizacia 30
2.0 kvlevis formati da struqtura 32

2.3 SerCeva 35
2.4 ganxiluli kategoriebi, indeqsebis
SemuSaveba da komentarebi kiTxvarebze 35
2.5 monacemTa bazebis aRweriloba 36
2.5.1 skolebis SemTxveviT SerCeviTi modelis aRweriloba 36
2.5.2 respodenti maswavleblebis SerCeviTi modelis aRweriloba 37
2.6 kvlevis masStabebi 39
3.0 Sedegebi: saswavlo garemo 40
3.1 erovnuli saswavlo gegmis CarCo, saxelmwifo miznebi da Sedegebi 40
3.2 maswavleblebis treningebi da profesiuli ganviTareba 46
3.2.2 maswavleblebis damokidebuleba swavlebis
axali meTodebis mimarT da maTi gamoyeneba 53
3.2.2 respodentebis mzaoba da damokidebuleba
axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mimarT 76
3.2.5. Sefaseba 98
3.2.5.1. Sefasebis sistema 98
3.2.5.2. ganmaviTarebeli da Semajamebeli Sefaseba 99
3.2.6. sapilote da saimplementacio modelebi 104
3.2.7. swavlebis meTodebis gardaqmnis mxardaWera 105
3.2.8. maswavlebelTa treningi sainformacio
da satelekomunikacio teqnologiebSi 112
3.2.9. daskvnebi: maswavleblebis treningi,
profesiuli ganviTareba, axali saswavlo gegma, Sefaseba 119
3.3. saswavlo da damatebiTi masalebis miwodeba,
socialuri da fizikuri saswavlo garemo 121
3.3.1. klasgareSe RonisZiebebi 121
3.3.2. swavlis xelisSemSleli pirobebi 122
3.3.3. skola, saklaso masalebi da saswavlo garemo 131
3.3.4. saswavlo da damatebiTi masalebi,
skolis fizikuri da socialuri garemo: daskvnebi 168
4.0 Sedegebi: 170

mmarTvelobis efeqturoba da finansebi 170
4.1 decentralizacia da mmarTveloba
4.1.1 zogadi midgoma skolis avtonomiisadmi 170
4.1.2 skolebisa da direqtorebis SesaZleblobebi
decentralizebul garemoSi 171
4.1.3 direqtoris arCevnebis sistema 174
4.1.4 sameurveo sabWoebis efeqturoba da aqtiuroba 175
4.1.5 mSoblebis monawileoba skolis marTvasa da swavlis procesSi 179
4.1.6 saganmanaTleblo resurscentris institucionaluri uflebamosileba 180
4.1.7 skolis SesaZleblobebi biujetis Sedgenis sferoSi 183
4.1.8 decentralizacia da marTva: daskvnebi 185
4.2 vauCeruli dafinanseba da skolis finansuri mdgomareoba 186
4.2.1 vauCeruli dafinanseba da skolebis
finansuri mdgomareoba. daskvnebi 189
4.3 maswavleblebis axali anazRaurebis sqemis efeqturoba 189
4.3.1 maswavlebelTa mosazrebebi anazRaurebis
axal sistemasTan dakavSirebiT 190
4.3.2 maswavlebelTa saxelfaso donis Sedareba sxvadasxva
tipis skolebs Soris, reformamde da reformis Semdeg 190
4.3.3 waxalisebis sqema 291
4.3.5 maswavlebelTa kadrebis gadinebis tendencia 192
4.3.6 maswavleblis axali anazRaurebis sqemis efeqturoba. daskvnebi 192
4.4 skolebis optimizacia 192
4.4.1 SromiTi, fizikuri da finansuri
resursebis konsolidaciis gavlena 193
4.4.2 konsolidaciis gavlena moswavleebis swavlaze,
saswavlo SesaZleblobebsa da registraciaze 195
4.4.3 mxareTa mier dasaxelebuli ZiriTadi problemebi 197
4.4.4 direqtorTa mosazrebebi optimizaciasTan dakavSirebiT 197
4.4.5 skolis optimizacia: daskvnebi 198
5. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi 199

5.1. saswavlo garemo
5.1.1 maswavleblebis treningebi. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi 199
5.1.2 axali saswavlo gegma: daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi 203
5.1.3 mudmivi cvlilebis mxardaWeris sistema: daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi 204
5.1.4 Sefaseba. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi 204
5.2 marTva da finansebi. zogadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi 210
5.2.1 marTva da finansebi. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi sameurveo
sabWosa da direqtorebis treningebis Sesaxeb 214
5.3. rekomendaciebi damatebiTi kvlevisTvis
5.3.1. damatebiTi kvlevis sferoebi 216
5.3.2. damatebiTi monacemebis saWiroeba 220
danarTebi 221
danarTi a: SerCevis meTodologia 221
a.1 sawyisi SerCevis meTodologia 221
a.2 meore etapi 221
a3. SerCevis mesame etapi 222
danarTi b: monacemebi maswavlebelTa kiTxvarze 1 223
Semajamebeli mimoxilva
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom (SemdgomSi, saministro)
ganaxorciela Zireuli sistemuri reforma, romelic iTvaliswinebs skolis marTvisa
da finansuri SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebas da swavlebis da swavlis efeqturi
sistemis Seqmnas. ganxorcielebis masStabebsa da vadebs Tu gaviTvaliswinebT,
reforma uprecendentod SeiZleba CaiTvalos. saskolo reformis miznebidan
gamomdinare da warmatebuli saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
SemuSavda zogadi ganaTlebis reformis mimarTulebebisa da princi pebis Sefasebis
struqtura. Sefasebis Sedegad gamovlinda, erTi mxriv, reformis sawyis etapze
miRweuli warmatebebi da, meore mxriv, reformis procesisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
problemuri sakiTxebi. aRmoCnda, rom sasurveli Sedegebis misaRwevad jer kidev
bevria gasakeTebeli. reformis sasurvel Sedegs warmoadgens saerTaSoriso sabazro
pirobebSi momavali Taobis da qveynis konkurentunarianobis uwyveti zrda.
msoflio bankis da saministros mier erToblivad ganxorcielebuli proeqti
,,ilia WavWavaZe” gabedul nabijebs dgams masStaburi reformebis gansaxorcieleblad.
samomavlo saqmianoba igegmeba saerTaSoriso gamocdilebisa da gare eqspertebis
Sefasebis angariSebis gaTvaliswinebiT. warmodgenili Sefasebis angariSi asaxavs
reformis rva ZiriTadi mimarTulebis sxvadasxva aspeqts. Sefasebis angariSi
momzadda kvlevis Sedegad moZiebuli monacemebis, direqtorebisa da maswavleblebis
gamokiTxvis safuZvelze. amasTan, Catarda fokus jgufebi skolebis sameurveo
sabWoebTan da maswavleblebTan. saqarTvelos 20 sxvadasxva regionSi SemTxveviTi
SerCevis meTodiT kvlevaSi gaerTianda daaxloebiT 100 skola. Aam skolebis
direqtorebsa da maswavleblebs daurigdaT kiTxvarebi. monacemTa Segrovebis
amgvari formati saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi skolebSi arsebuli mdgomareobis
Seswavlisa da mocemuli informaciis ganzogadebis saSualebas iZleva. Sefaseba
ar ganxorcielebula konfliqtur zonebisa da eTnikuri umciresobis skolebSi.
im skolebSi, sadac reformiT gaTvaliswinebuli iniciativebi mxolod ramdenime
welia xorcieldeba, Sefasebis Sedegebi SesaZloa gamoviyenoT reformis Sualeduri
Sedegebis efeqturobis Sesafaseblad da SesaZlebeli cvlilebebis gansasazRvradac.
im skolebisaTvis, sadac reforma uaxloes warsulSi daiwyo, Sefasebis Sedegebi
SegviZlia ganvixiloT, rogorc damatebiTi sabaziso kvleva. momavalSi, SesaZloa
aseve Catardes msgavsi kvleva da moxdes SedarebiTi analizi sabaziso mdgomareobasa
da Sefasebis periodisTvis arsebul mdgomareobas Soris, rac mogvcems saSualebas
ganvsazRvroT reformebis Sedegebis efeqturoba.
Sefasebis angariSis struqtura or nawilad aris warmodgenili: 1. saswavlo
garemos efeqturobis uzrunvelsayofad ganxorcielebuli reformis Sefaseba da 2. skolis
marTvisa da finansuri SesaZleblobebis gasaumjobeseblad Catarebuli reformis Sefaseba.
mocemul qveTavSi warmodgenilia ZiriTadi mignebebi, daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi.
Cveni mizania, reformis sxvadasxva aspeqtis Sesaxeb mivawodoT srulyofili da
detaluri informacia dainteresebul mxareebs, amitom Sesaval nawilSi SedarebiT
vrclad aris ganxiluli moZiebuli monacemebi, vidre es stadartuli formatisTvis
aris damaxasiaTebeli. detaluri informacia vrceli rekomendaciebiT ixileT me-5
qveTavSi, xolo daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi warmodgenilia me-3 da me-4 qveTavebSi.

ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqti ìlia WavWavaZis~ Sefaseba
a-1.0 saswavlo garemos reforma
a-1.1 saswavlo garemos reforma: maswavlebelTa treningebi, maswavlebelTa profesiuli

ganviTareba, axali saswavlo gegma, Sefaseba, saskolo qseli
kvlevis Sedegebma gviCvena, rom maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebisa da

axali saswavlo gegmis dasanergad Catarebuli treningebi warmatebiT ganaxorciela
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centrma da erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis
da Sefasebis centrma. saministrosa da sxva monawile mxareebs swori mimarTuleba
aqvT aRebuli da mocemul etapze maT ukve bevri mniSvnelovani gadawyvetileba
miiRes. miuxedavad amisa, sasurveli Sedegebis misaRwevad momavalSi mniSvnelovani
samuSaoa Casatarebeli.
kvlevis Sedegebma gamoavlina:
• reformis farglebSi ganxorcilebuli iniciativebis Sedegad moswavle metad

motivirebulia, ukeTesad swavlobs da ufro CarTulia saswavlo procesSi
• dainerga aqtiuri swavlebisa da swavlis principebi da maTi praqtikuli gamoyenebac
reformamdel periodTan SedarebiT mniSvnelovnad ufro xSiria.
• maswavlebelTa nawili, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, ar iyenebs aqtiuri swavlisa da
swavlebis meTodebs da, garkveulwilad, kvlavac dominirebs didaqtikuri, tradiciuli
meTodebi.
magaliTad, daaxloebiT yvela respodenti maswavlebeli acxadebs, rom aqtiuri

swavlebis meTodebs nawilobriv iyeneben – es faqti TavisTavad mniSvnelovani
cvlilebaa warsulis praqtikasTan SedarebiT. maswavlebelTa nawili Tvlis, rom
axali meTodebi marTebulia da sruliad SesaZlebelia maTi praqtikulad gamoyeneba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebis mixedviT, maswavleblebi
am meTodebs xSirad iyeneben, pasiuri swavlebis meTodebi kvlavac gavrcelebuli
praqtikaa _ saklaso oTaxs jer kidev tradiciulad awyoben, axal meTodebs ki
meqanikurad da arasaTanadod iyeneben. msgavsi problemebi damaxasiaTebelia am ti pis
intervenciebis ganxorcielebis procesisaTvis. axali meTodebis srulyofilad
gaazrebas da danergvas arTulebs samagaliTo modelebis nakleboba, profesiuli
literaturisa da mniSvnelovani profesiuli mxardaWeris simcire.
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebsa da axal saswavlo programebSi maswavlebelTa
treningebi yvela ti pis skolebSi ganxorcielda. gamokiTxuli maswavleblebi da
direqtorebi adastureben, rom maT monawileoba miiRes treningebSi, magram miaCniaT,
rom Catarebuli treningebi, iseve rogorc warmodgenili modelebi, sakmarisi ar
aris. aucilebelia damatebiTi treningebis organizeba, raTa maswavleblebma kargad
gaiazron axali saswavlo programa da aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebic ufro aqtiurad
gamoiyenon. amas garda, aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis araTanmimdevruli da araswori
gamoyeneba aSkarad miuTiTiebs, rom maswavleblebi, direqtorebi, saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebi da sxva CarTuli mxareebi uwyvet profesiul mxardaWeras saWiroeben.
saministro gegmavs am problemis mogvarebas.
CarTuli mxareebisTvis naTelia, rom reformis efeqtur ganxorcielebas
sxvadasxva problema abrkolebs. damatebiTi treningebis garda, aqtiuri swavlebis
meTodebis gamoyenebas xels uSlis Semdegi garemoebebi:

• Sesabamisi teqnikuri aRWurvilobisa da masalis simcire;
• mravalricxovani jgufebi, gansakuTrebiT qalaqis skolebSi;
• gakveTilisaTvis gansazRvruli drois mokle monakveTi;
• rig skolebSi Seuferebeli saskolo garemo, rac ganapiroba moqmedi
direqtorebisaTvis organizebuli treningebis simcirem.
maswavleblebi, direqtorebi, mSoblebi da saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebi
dadebiTad arian ganwyobilni axali saswavlo gegmis mimarT. maswavlebelTa
mniSvnelovani nawili aRniSnavs,rom axali saswavlo gegma maT arCevanis Tavisuflebas,
profesiuli SesaZleblobebis efeqturad warmoCenisa da klasSi sxvadasxva donis
moswavleebTan praqtikuli muSaobis saSualebas aZlevs. kvlavac aucilebelia
damatebiTi treningebis Catareba maswavleblebis im nawilisaTvis, romelTac
axali saswavlo gegmis mniSvneloba kargad ar aqvT gaazrebuli. maswavlebelTa
umravlesoba Tvlis, rom mzadaa aswavlos axali sagnobrivi programebi, magram
aRniSnaven damatebiTi treningebisa da modelebis aucileblobas.
reformis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da
Sefasebis centris mier SemuSavebuli moswavleTa Sefasebis axali, 10-quliani
sistemis danergva. maswavleblebis da mSoblebis umravlesoba kargad ver acnobierebs,
Sefasebis axali sistemis koncefcias. am SemTxvevaSi, saWiroa damatebiTi treningebis
Catareba.
saministros, msoflio banksa da erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis
centrs damatebiTi treningebis cikli rom ar Caetarebina (treningebi xorcieldeba
mimdinare etapze da gagrZeldeba momavalSi), mosalodneli iyo, rom maswavleblebi
da direqtorebi absoluturad arasworad gaigebnen axal saswavlo gegmas da
kvlavac gamoiyenebdnen warsulSi damkvidrebul swavlebis meTodikas. amis Tqmis
safuZvels gvaZlevs reformis procesSi myofi sxva qveynebis gamocdileba. kvlevis
farglebSi Seswavlil iqna Tu ramdenad efeqturi iyo maswavleblebisaTvis
sainformacio teqnologiebSi Catarebuli treningebi. proeqt ,,irmis naxtomis”
farglebSi iniciativebis ganxorcielebisas gaiTvaliswines arsebuli problemebi da
treningebis modelic Sesabamisad gansazRvres. ,,irmis naxtomis” treningebSi monawile
maswavleblebis nawili, gansakuTrebiT qalaqis skolebSi, axla ufro metad iyenebs
kompiuterebs. Tumca maswavleblebis umravlesoba, maT Soris treningis monawilenic,
kvlavac an saerTod ar iyeneben kompiuterebs, an Zalze iSviaTad. es SeiZleba
gamowveuli iyos Semdegi garemoebebiT: maT ar aqvT kompiuteruli unar-Cvevebi;
ar ician, Tu rogor Suesabamon kompiuteruli teqnologiiT swavleba maTi sagnis
specifikas; kompiuteruli teqnika naklebad aris xelmisawvdomi skolis bazaze.
“irmis naxtomis” treningebis farTomasStaburia, magram ara siRrmiseuli. Tumca,
dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad siRrmiseuli treningebi maswavlebleblTa SezRuduli
raodenobisaTvis an distaciuri swavleba, SeiZleba sulac ar iyos efeqturi.

kvlevis sxva mniSvnelovani Sedegebi saswavlo
garemos Sesaxeb:
• maswavleblebisTvis ZiriTadad misaRebia axali saxelmZRvaneloebi, magram maT
did nawils ar aqvs maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo;
• maswavleblebis mxardaWerisaTvis saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis
umetesobas kvlavac ar gaaCnia sakmarisi resursebi, samuSao gamocdileba da
codna.
• sagnobrivi fakultetebis Camoyalibebam xeli Seuwyo skolis bazaze
maswavleblebis TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas. Tumca, sxvadasxva skolebSi amgvari
Sexvedra sxvadasxva sixSiriT, umeteswilad ki Zalze iSviaTad tardeba. reformis
wina periodTan SedarebiT skolebs Soris TanamSromloba ufro intensiuri gaxda;
skolebs Soris izolireba Secvala urTierTTanamSromlobam, magram saskolo qselis
masStabi jerjerobiT mcirea;
• fokusjgufebTan Sexvedrisas, gamoTqves mosazreba, rom ufrosklaselTa
umetesoba mxolod konkretul sagnebs swavlobs erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis
Casabareblad. es problema sxva qveynebSi nawilobriv mogvarda mas Semdeg, rac
umaRles saswavleblebSi misaReb gamocdebze dasaSvebad saerTo akademiuri
moswrebis saSualo maCvenebeli an msgavsi zogadi indikatori savaldebulo
moTxovnad iqca.
• a-1.2 saswavlo garemosTan dakavSirebuli rekomendaciebi: maswavlebelTa profesiuli

ganviTareba
1. treningebi unda daexmaros maswavleblebs, raTa maT gamoiyenon swavlebis

axali meTodebi, arsebuli masala da resursebi efeqturad da ara meqanikurad.
treningebze maswavlebelma unda gaacnobieros, Tu rogor gamoiyenos aqtiuri
swavlebis meTodebi mravalricxovan jgufSi. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania
qalaqisa da zogierTi soflis skolebSi.
2. erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mier organizebuli
treningebis mTavari mizani unda iyos, rom maswavleblebma SeZlon aqtiuri swavlebis
Sesabamisad gakveTilis dagegmva drois mokle monakveTSi. sasurvelia, saministrom
da skolebma ganixilon sagakveTilo drois xangrZlivobis gazrdis SesaZlebloba,
rac xels Seuwyobs aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebas.
3. aucilebelia Catardes treningebi moswavleTa Sefasebis 10-quliani sistemis
Sesaxeb. amasTan dakavSirebiT gasaTvaliswinebelia klasis sidide, gansakuTrebiT
qalaqis skolebSi. amgvari treiningis Catarebis saWiroeba imdenad didia, rom
dagegmili treningebis raodenoba SesaZloa sakmarisi ar aRmoCndes.
4. gasaTvaliswnebelia, rom sapilote skolebSi axali saswavlo gegmebis
treiningebSi CarTul maswavleblebs unda hqondeT Tavisufali dro an unda iRebdnen
honorars/anazRaurebas dasvenebis dReebSi gaweuli samuSaos asanazRaureblad.
samuSaoSi igulisxmeba skolebSi kolegebisaTvis (da SesaZloa mezobeli skolebis
maswavleblebisaTvis) treningebis an mentoruli saqmianobis Catareba. am rekomendaciis
gaTvaliswinebisas aucileblad unda ganisazRvros Sesabamisi xarjebi.
5. sasurvelia,regionalur doneze specialuri RonisZiebebis/seminarebis Catareba,
romlebzec ganixilaven aqtiuri swavlebis, Sefasebisa da skolebis masStabiT
axali saswavlo programis danergvis warmatebuli praqtikis magaliTebs. amisaTvis
10
SesaZlebelia gamoiyenon maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris mier
Catarebuli samuSao.
6. mizanSewonilia, direqtorebi da ganaTlebis resurcentrebis akademiuri
profilis mqone kadrebi ufro metad CaerTon maswavleblebis profesiuli donis
amaRlebis iniciativebSi. amgvarad gaizrdeba maswavlebelTa mxardaWera, Catarebuli
treningebic ufro efeqturi gaxdeba da skolis administraciac metad iqneba CarTuli
procesSi.
7. sasurvelia, maswavleblebisaTvis grZelvadiani profesiuli donis
asamaRlebeli gegma iTvaliswinebdes Sesabamisi motivaciis elementebs. saministrom
saWiroa ganumartos maswavleblebs, Tu romeli treningebi daexmareba maT dagegmili
licenzirebis procesSi, es moTxovnebi, am etapze jer kidev ar aris gansazRvruli.
8. maswavlebelTa momzadebis treningebSi Zireuli cvlilebebi xorcieldeba,Tumca
Zalian nela. erT-erTi alternatiuli gzaa, umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebis
(universitetebis) TanamSromloba im arasamTavrobo Tu kerZo organizaciebTan,
romlebic maswavlebelTa profesiul ganviTarebaze muSaoben. gardamaval etapze
myofi sxva saxelmwifoebis, baltiispireTisa da balkaneTis qveynebis gamocdileba
gviCvenebs konkretul magaliTebs, Tu rogoraa SesaZlebeli amgvari procesebis
daCqareba, rac amavdroulad boloniis procesebis moTxovnebs akmayofilebs.
9. mniSvnelovania, qarTul enaze momzadebuli treningis masalebis gavrceleba.
Mmaswavleblebma unda icodnen, rom es masalebi maTTvis xelmiswavdomia. am
rekomendaciis ganxorcieleba, xarjebs gaTvaliswinebiT, garkveul sirTuleebTana
aris dakavSirebuli. mocemul situaciaSi erT-erT alternatiuli gamosavali
SeiZleba iyos, ,,irmis naxtomiT” skolebis internetizaciis procesis dasruleba,
rac xels Seuwyobs Sesabamisi masalebis gavrcelebas mniSvnelovnad naklebi
danaxarjebiT. Tumca, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom maswavleblebs naklebad aqvT
teqnikuri unar_Cvevebi, am etapze, yvelaze misaReb alternativad rCeba beWdviTi
masalebis miwodeba da gavrceleba.
10. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebuli saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis erT-
erT umTavresi funqcia maswavlebelTa profesiuli treningebis organizebis
xelSewyobaa, mniSvnelovania axlad garemontebuli resurscentrebis ukeTesad
aRWurva maswavleblebisTvis gamosadegi wignebiTa da sxva masalebiT.
11. mniSvnelovania, SeZlebisdagvarad, saskolo qselis masStabebis gafarToebaze
zrunva. gasaTvaliswinebelia, am iniciativis ukve miRweuli warmatebuli Sedegebi.
a-1.3 saswavlo garemo: socialuri da fizikuri garemo
sabaziso kvlevebis angariSebi miuTiTebs,rom saqarTvelos mier saxelmwifoebrivi

damoukideblobis gamocxadebis adreul etapze,skolebis materialur-teqnikuri bazis
SenarCuneba da reabilitacia seriozul problemad iqca. wlebis manZilze arsebuli
mdgomareoba uaryofiTad aisaxa swavlisa da swavlebis procesze. saministros mier
skolebis konsolidaciisa da reabilitaciis procesebis dawyebam garkveulwilad
xeli Seuwyo arsebuli pirobebis gaumjobesebas, rac reformis erT-erT warmatebad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos. am problemebis gadasaWrelad, kerZod gansakuTrebiT mZime
mdgomareobaSi arsebuli rigi skolebis fizikuri reabilitaciisa da uwyveti
konsolidaciis procesis gansaxorcieleblad mxolod msoflio bankis dafinaseba
sakmarisi ar aris. reabilitaciis procesi gegmis mixedviT kidev 1000 skolas moicavs
da ganxorcieldeba damtkicebuli kriteriumis mixedviT.
11
12
ZiriTadi mignebebi skolebis socialur da
fizikur garemosTan dakavSirebiT:
1. mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda skolebis eleqtroenergiiT momarageba. Tumca,
kvlevaSi CarTuli skolebis daaxloebiT naxevarSi saklaso oTaxebis ganaTeba ar
aris sakmarisi.
2. aqtiuri swavlisa da swavlebis procesis gansaxorcieleblad erT-erT
problema didi zomis klasebia, qalaqis skolebis magaliTze; amasTanave, moswavleTa
asakobrivi jgufisaTvis Seusabamo mcire zomis merxebi/aveji saklaso oTaxebis
umetesobaSi xelisSemSlel faqtoria (gansakuTrebiT qalaqis skolebSi); moswavleebis
gakveTilebze daswrebis dabali maCvenebeli cudi amindis pirobebSi, gansakuTrebiT
mTian regionSi, transportirebis saSualebebis simciriT aris ganpirobebuli.
3. klasebze dakvirvebis Sedegad miRebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, klasebis
meoTxed nawils, anu moswavleTa did raodenobas ar gaaCnia saxelmZRvaneloebi.
4. miuxedavad imisa, rom maswavleblebi SedarebiT pozitiurad afaseben
axladSeqmnil maswavlebelTa saxelmZRvaneloebs, vidre warsulSi, respodenti
maswavleblebis meoTxedi moiTxovs, rom gakveTilis gegma ufro meti moculobiT
miewodos. respodent maswavlebelTa 40% acxadebs, rom maswavlebelTa
saxelmZRvaneloebi maTTvis ar aris xelmisawvdomi.Bbundovania maswavleblis
saxelmZRvaneloebis simciris mizezi.
5. skolebSi damatebiTi saswavlo masalebis mniSvnelovani simcire
aRiniSneba.
6. gamokiTxuli skolebis mxolod naxevari uzrunvelyofs klasgareSe
iniciativebs moswavleebisaTvis. klasgareSe aqtivoba, xarisxiani ganaTlebis
erT-erT xelSemwyobi faqtoria. qalaqis skolebSi, klasgareSe aqtivobebisaTvis
dawesebulma gadasaxadebma, SesaZloa, daabrkolos moswavleebi socialurad
daucveli ojaxebidan.
7. kerZo gakveTilebis (repetitoris) wliuri saSualo safasuri 250-1000
lars Seadgens, rac socialurad daucveli ojaxebisaTvis mniSvnelovan sirTules
warmoadgens da moswavleebs ganaTlebis misaRebad araTanabar pirobebs uqmnis.
kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda,rom skolebis biblioTekis programis ganxorcilebis

Sedegad garkveulwilad gaumjobesda da gafarTovda soflis skolebis
biblioTekebSi xelmisawvdomi saganmanaTleblo resursebi. miuxedavad amisa, unda
aRiniSnos, rom sasurveli Sedegebis misaRwevad biblioTekebisaTvis gankuTvnili
sivrce da resursebi kvlavac problemaa, gansakuTrebiT qalaqis skolebSi, sadac
maswavleblebi arsebul resursebs sistematurad ar iyeneben.
proeqt ,,irmis naxtomis” warmatebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos skolebSi saswavlo
dRis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavleblebTa mier kompiuterebisa da internets
ufro xSiri gamoyeneba. maT, visac programis farglebSi sabaziso treningi
CautardaT, axla SedarebiT metad sargebloben arsebuli teqnologiebiT, vidre
adre. maswavleblebi xSirad mimarTaven sainformacio menejers daxmarebisaTvis.
umravlesoba Tvlis, rom Zalzed mniSvnelovania damatebiTi treningebi teqnikuri
unar_Cvevebis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. skolebSi kompiuterebis raodenoba
kvlavac SezRudulia. mdgomareoba SedarebiT ukeTesia proeqt, ,,irmis naxtomSi”
CarTul skolebSi. Tu zogadad, arsebul mdgomareobas ganvixilavT, kompiuterebis
da internetis xelmisawvdomoba kvlavac mcirea skolebis umetes nawilSi. Qqalaqis
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skolebTan SedarebiT mZime suraTia soflis skolebsa da im skolebSi, romlebsac
”irmis naxtomis” kompiuterizaciis programa jer ar Sexebia. skolebs gansazRvruli
unda hqondes kompiuterebis movlisaTvis aucilebeli biujeti, manam, vidre skola
kompiuterebiT momaragdeba.
a-1.3 saswavlo garemos reforma: rekomendaciebi socialuri da fizikuri garemos Sesaxeb
Sefasebis procesSi gamovlenili sirTuleebis da aRmoCenebis safuZvelze, me-5

qveTavSi warmodgenilia damatebiTi rekomendaciebi. maT Sorisaa:
1. saministrosa da msoflio bankis mier ganxorcielebuli programebi skolebis

damatebiTi saswavlo masalebiT aRsaWurvad arasakmarisi aRmoCnda. aRsaniSnavia isic,
rom am etapze dRis wesrigSi sxva saganmanaTleblo prioritetebia. mizanSewonilia,
skolebma gaiTvaliswinon damatebiTi saswavlo masalebis SeZenis sakiTxi sabiujeto
prioritetebis gansazRvrisas. SesaZloa, saministrom da mimdinare etapze moqmedma
centrebma gaagrZelon maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris mier
dawyebuli samuSao. kerZod,akademiur personals miawodon informacia xelmisawvdomi
saganmanaTleblo resursebis gamoiyenebis Sesaxeb. amasTanave, gamoiyenon sxva
qveynebis gamocdileba meti informaciis misaRebad. saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis
saagentos specialuri gverdi (Development Experience Clearinghouse) arsebuli resursebis
gansaTavseblad erT-erTi alternatiul variantia.
2. biblioTekebis organizeba da ganviTareba erT-erTi prioritetuli sakiTxia.
reformis procesSi CarTuli mxareebi unda daexmaron skolebs,raTa maT gaacnobieron
biblioTekebis saWiroeba. meti xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad; SesaZloa,
ganxilul iqnas biblioTekebis kompiuterul laboratoriebTan gaerTianebis
perspeqtivac. didi farTobis mqone skolebs SeuZliaT gamoyon damatebiTi saklaso
oTaxi, romelic Ria biblioTekis funqcias Seasrulebs. im skolebisaTvis, romelTac
farTobi ar aZlevs biblioTekisaTvis sivrcis gamoyofis saSualebas, mizanSewonilia
satelituri biblioTekebis amoqmedeba an iseTi mcire saswavlo centrebis
Camoyalibeba, romliTac ramdenime skola erTad isargeblebs. reformis procesis
efeqturi ganxorcilebis gegmis SesamuSaveblad rekomendebulia saerTaSoriso an
regionaluri sakonsultacio daxmarebis gamoyeneba.
3. mniSvnelovania, skolebma biblioTekebis wignebiT da damatebiTi saswavlo
masalebiT aRWurvaSi mxardaWeris/daxmarebis miRebis mizniT iTanamSromlon
mSoblebTan, adgilobrivi Temisa da biznesis warmomadgenlebTan. saministrosa da
centrebs SeuZliaT moiZion saerTaSoriso donorebi, romlebic inglisur, an sxva
ucxo enebze arsebul masalas miawvdian.
4. skolis administracias unda ganumarton, rom biblioTekis masalebi
xelmisawvdomi unda iyos yvela maswavleblisaTvis. SeiZleba TiToeuli maTgani
flobdes sakuTar personalur gasaRebs. skolis administraciam unda gaacnobieros,
rom umjobesia biblioTekis masala gamoyenebis Sedegad iyos dazianebuli, an
Selaxuli, vidre skolis bazaze arsebobdes daculi saganmanaTleblo resursebi,
romlebsac realurad aravin iyenebs.
5. skolebis mxardaWera sxvadasxva klasgareSe iniciativebis gansaxorcieleblad
xels Seuwyobs swavlisa da swavlebis donis amaRlebas da gunduri muSaobis
princi pebis damkvidrebas. socialurad daucveli moswavleebisaTvis, ganaTlebis
Tanabari SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelsayofad, saministrom unda waaxalisos skolebi
da SesTavazos dafinanseba (sti pendia,granti,honorari) klasgareSe saqmianobebisaTvis,
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im SemTxvevaSi Tu msgavsi iniciativa usasyidlod ver xorcildeba da finansur
mxardaWeras saWiroebs.
6. winamdebare dokumentis bolos mocemulia rekomendaciebi saxelmZRvaneloebis
Sesaxeb. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis da Sefasebis centrs SeuZlia aamoqmedos
eleqtronuli gverdi(veb-gverdi), sadac maswavleblebsa da direqtorebs saSualeba
eqnebaT erTmaneTs gauziaron TavianTi mosazreba saxelmZRvaneloebis dadebiT da
uaryofiT mxareebze. SeniSvenebi unda gaiTvaliswinon axali saxelmZRvaneloebis
redaqtirebisas an miscen skolebs saxelmZRvanelos arCevis ufleba.
7. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis da Sefasebis centrma mizanSewonilia mimarTos
maswavlebelTa saxelmZRvanelos avtorebs,raTa maT gazardon Sesabamisi sagakveTilo
gegmebis raodenoba. es daexmareba maswavleblebs ukeTesad gaacnobieron aqtiuri
swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebis gzebi. skolebs saxelmZRvaneloebi unda miawodon
saswavlo wlis dawyebamde. rekomendebulia, momavalSi Catardes kvleva, Tu ratom
ar gaaCnia maswavlebelTa 40%-s maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo, maSin, rodesac maT
klasebSi ukve axali saxelmZRvaneloebi gamoiyeneba.
8. saministrom unda gaiTvaliswinos,rom mniSvnelovani damabrkolebeli pirobaa
kerZo repetitoroba, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac maswavlebeli sakuTar moswavles
amecadinebs. mizanSewonilia, licenzirebul maswavlebelTa jgufebis Seqmna, an sxva
alternatiuli variantebis ganxilva, Tanxebis moculobis da momsaxurebis pirobebis
standartizaciis mizniT.
9. kompiuterebi kidev ufro metad xelmiswavdomi unda gaxdes maswavleblebisaTvis.
amasTanave, sainformacio teqnologiebis menejeri yovelTvis mzad unda iyos skolis
bazaze maswavleblebis teqnikuri daxmarebisa da unar-Cvevebis asamaRleblad.

a-2.0 reformebi marTvisa da finansuri SesaZleblobebis
gaumjobesebisaTvis
a-2.1 mignebebi skolis marTvis da finansuri SesaZleblobebis konteqstSi
saministrom masStaburi sistemuri reforma ganaxorciela zogadsaganmanaTleblo

skolebis marTvis da finansuri mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad. miuxedavad imisa,rom
mocemuli procesi ganxorcielebis Sualedur etapzea, kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa
am procesis, rogorc warmatebuli mxare, aseve is problemebic, romelTa daZlevac
aucilebelia saboloo miznebis misaRwevad. erT-erT umniSvnelovanes warmatebad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos skolebis dafinansebaSi sruliad axali princi pebis danergva,
rac amcirebs korufciis safrTxes da uzrunvelyofs skolebis mier sabiujeto
fondebis efeqturad marTvas. vinaidan, mocemuli qveTavi sakiTxebis farTo speqtrs
aerTianebs, miRwevebi da sirTuleebi mokle punqtebis CamonaTvalis saxiT aris
warmodgenili.
15
ZiriTadi miRwevebi marTvis, finansuri
SesaZleblobebis da informaciis marTvis
sakiTxebSi mdgomareobs SemdegSi:
• CarTuli mxareebi naTlad acnobiereben da dadebiTad afaseben skolebisaTvis
avtonomiis miniWebis sakiTxs biujetis dagegmvisa da gadawyvetilebebis miRebis
aspeqtebSi. sabiujeto sakiTxebis ganxilvaSi maswavlebelTa CarTuloba uzrunvelyofs
procesebis gamWirvalobas da gadawyvetilebebis miRebis monawileobiT xasiaTs.
• warmatebuli dasawyisia saqarTvelos skolebSi sameurveo sabWoebis
Camoyalibeba da rig skolebSi maTi saskolo cxovrebaSi CarTva.
skolebSi sameurveo sabWoebis institutis CamoyalibebiT, saministrom

mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli skolis bazaze demokratiuli procesebis ganviTarebas,
vinaidan, axlad Seqmnili sameurveo sabWoebi monawileoben saskolo cxovrebis
aqtualur procesebSi. agreTve, sameurveo sabWoebis funqcionirebam SesaZloa xeli
Seuwyos korufciis Semcirebas skolis bazaze. miznis misaRwevad, aucilebelia,
sameurveo sabWoebisaTvis maTi SesaZleblobebis da uflebamosilebis gansazRvra.
• mSoblebis CarTva saskolo cxovrebaSi
mSoblebi axla ufro metad arian dainteresebulni da CarTulni saskolo

cxovrebaSi, vidre reformamdel periodSi. es pirvel rigSi sameurveo sabWoebis
Camoyalibebam ganapiroba. mSoblebi gamoxataven sakuTar mosazrebebs 10-quliani
Sefasebis sistemis Sesaxeb.
• rig skolebSi gamovlinda biujetis da marTvis, informaciis mopovebisa da

strategiuli dagegmarebis SesaZleblobebi
aRsaniSnavia,rom Tbilisis #51 da kaxaTis sajaro skolebma sabiujeto sakiTxebis

dagegmva da marTva efeqturad ganaxorcieles. saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebisaTvis
dagegmil treningebze es gamocdileba SeiZleba samagaliTo modelad gamoiyenon.
skolebis umetesobas am TvalsazrisiT SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi aqvT, rac
reformis sust mxared iTvleba.
• dadebiTi ganwyoba saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis mimarT da motivirebuli

resurscentrebis TanamSromlebi
saganmanaTleblo resurscentri skolis damxmare organizaciaa, romelic skolis

administraciasa da saministros Soris Sualeduri institutis funqcias asrulebs.
skolebi dadebiTad afaseben axal centrebs, romlebic sruliad gansxvavdebian adre
arsebuli raionuli centrebisagan. aRsaniSnavia,rom resurscentrebis xelmZRvanelebi
sakmaod motivirebulni da dainteresebulebi arian.
kvlevisas gamoikveTa Semdegi problemebi:
• direqtorebis,skolis administraciuli kadrebis,sameurveo sabWoebis wevrebisa
16
da saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebisaTvis treningebis aucilebloba
sameurveo sabWoebisaTvis Catarebuli treningebis simcire, skolis

administraciasTan gaurkvevlobebis da zog SemTxvevaSi, usafuZvlo konfliqtebis
mizezi xdeba. sameurveo sabWoebisaTvis treningebis organizeba xels Seuwyobs maTi
valdebulebebis efeqturad ganxorcielebas skolis marTvisa da saswavlo garemos
gasaumjobeseblad. es momavalSi skolebisaTvis akreditaciis misaRebad erT-erTi
mTavari piroba iqneba.
• arasakmarisad aqtiuri da momzadebuli sameurveo sabWoebi skolebSi,

gansakuTrebiT ki soflis skolebSi.
sameurveo sabWoebis saqmianoba da miRwevebi skolebis mixedviT gansxvavdeba.

damatebiTi treningebi sabWos wevrebs daexmareba efeqturad gamoiyenon miniWebuli
uflebamosileba da Seasrulon valdebulebebi, rogorc skolis marTvis, aseve,
saswavlo garemos gaumjobesebis procesSi.
• informaciis gaziarebis/gavrcelebis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi da rig

skolebSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis arademokratiuli princi pebi
zogadad, direqtorTa arCevnebis sistemis dadebiTi Sefasebebis miuxedavad,

respodentTa azriT, gasaTvaliswinebelia uaryofiTi Sedegebic. zogierTi
direqtoris da skolis administraciis sxva warmomadgenlebis azriT, axali
sqemiT arCeul zogierT direqtors adgilobriv TemTan iseTi mWidro kavSirebi da
urTierTobebi ar aqvs, rogorc warsulSi. (saministros mier mowodebuli ganmartebis
mixedviT, mocemuli mosazreba SesaZloa gazviadebulad miviCnioT, vinaidan skolebi
gaerTianda teritoriul erTeulebSi,maT Soris manZilis gaTvaliswinebiT). mocemuli
sqemis mixedviT korufciasTan brZolas SeiZleba direqtorTa SesaZleblobebis
SezRudva mohyves, vinaidan isini adgilobrivi fondebis moZiebas Seecdebian.
• mkafiod ar aris gansazRvruli funqciebi da valdebulebebi,rac direqtorebsa

da sameurveo sabWoebs Soris gaugebrobebis da usargeblo konfliqtebis mizezi
xdeba.
• skolebis konsolidaciis miznebi da kriteriumebi mkafiod unda iyos
Camoyalibebuli, gansakuTrebiT im SemTxevebSi, rodesac aRniSnuli mTel skolaze
vrceldeba.
a-2.2 reformebi marTvisa da finansuri SesaZleblobebis

gasaumjobeseblad
rekomendaciebi marTvis, finansuri SesaZleblobebisa da informaciis mopovebis

gasaumjobeseblad:
1. saministrom saWiroa gansazRvros organizacia, romelic uzrunvelyofs

direqtorebisa da sameurveo sabWoebisaTvis treningebis SedarebiT xangrZlivi
ciklis organizebas. SesaZlebelia, sxva (msgavsi masStabebis) qveynebis gamocdilebis
gamoyeneba.
17
xarjebis Semcirebis da arCevanis mravalferovnebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT
makedoniis ganaTlebis saministrom mimarTa ,,Tavisufali bazris” midgomas
direqtorebis samomavlo treningebis, an uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebis
gansaxorcieleblad. kerZod, mocemuli inicitivebis ganxorcieleba arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis, an universitetebis funqciad ganisazRvra. slovakeTis modeliT
mTavrobis mier licenzirebuli calkeuli trening-organizacia emsaxureba
direqtorebis da sabWoebis saWiroebebs. (SesaZlebelia, saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebis saWiroebebis gaTvaliswineba).
2. sameurveo sabWoebis regionaluri da erovnuli masStabebis qselebis Seqmna

xangrZlivmoqmedi saWiroebebis gansazRvris da dakmayofilebis mizniT.
sxva qveynebis da maT Soris amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis gamocdilebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, skolebis sabWoebis erovnuli asociaciis Seqmna xels Seuwyobs
sabWoebs Soris Ria komunikaciis damyarebas da Semdgom profesiul ganviTarebas.
regionaluri asociaciebis Camoyalibeba da specialuri saxelmZRvaneloebis SemuSaveba
SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes sxva qveynebis modelebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
3. sameurveo sabWoebis profesiuli donis amaRlebis xelSewyoba
sasurvelia, sameurveo sabWos saqmianobis meti efeqturobis uzrunvelsayofad,

mis farglebSi Seiqmnas qvekomitetebi, romelTa Sexvedrebis ZiriTadi Tema iqneba
ganaTlebis sakiTxebi. amgvari praqtika efeqturi aRmoCnda sxva qveynebSi _ msgavsi
Sexvedrebi tardeboda sameurveo sabWoebis profesiuli cnobierebis amaRlebisa da
sakuTari funqciebis ukeTesad gaazrebis mizniT. sawyis etapze am ti pis Sexvedrebi
weliwadSi samjer an oTxjer ewyoba. SemdgomSi sameurveo sabWoebi damoukideblad
gansazRvraven funqcionirebis gaumjobesebis da akreditaciis moTxovnebis
dakmayofilebis gzebs.
4. skolebis ZiriTadi sirTuleebi 2009-2011 wlebSi dagegmil akreditaciis

procesebTan iqneba dakavSirebuli
vinaidan, damoukidebeli mmarTveli organoebi jer kidev sustia, aucilebelia

kargad dagegmili intensiuri kursi, raTa skolebi gaumklavdnen akreditaciis
procedurebTan dakavSirebul sirTuleebs. saministros SeiZleba dasWirdes
specialuri gamokvlevis Catareba 2008-2009 wlisaTvis, raTa gaarkvios, realuria Tu
ara akreditaciisaTvis gansazRvruli TariRebi.
a-2.3 reformebi skolebis marTvis da finansuri SesaZleblobebis asamRleblad:
finansur SesaZleblobebisa da resursebTan dakavSirebiT ZiriTadi miRwevebia:
• vauCeruli
dafinansebis formulis efeqturi ganxorcieleba
vauCeruli dafinansebis sistemis danergvam gadaWra didi xnis ganmavlobaSi

ვაუჩერი – სახელმწიფოს მიერ მოსწავლისათვის გადაცემული, მიმოქცევადი ფინანსური ინსტრუმენტი, რომელიც შეიძლება გაიცეს
როგორც მატერიალიზებული, ისე არამატერიალიზებული ფორმით და რომელიც განკუთვნილია მოსწავლის მიერ ზოგადი განათლების მიღების
დასაფინანსებლად
18
arsebuli kritikuli problema, kerZod maswavlebelTa saxelfaso davalianeba da
Tanxebis Caricxvis dagvianeba. es axladamoqmedebuli sistemis erT-erT yvelaze
mniSvnelovani miRwevaa.
• vauCeruli dafinansebis sqemis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad gaizarda soflis

maRalkontigentiani da maRalmTiani raionebis skolebis biujeti; saSualo zomis
skolebSi am formulam mniSvnelovani finansuri zrda ar ganapiroba.
vauCeruli dafinansebis sistemam mniSvnelonad gaaumjobesa soflis da

maRalmTiani regionebis skolebis finansuri mdgomareoba, vinaidan, mocemuli
skolebis biujeti garkveulwilad gauTanabrda qalaqis skolebisas, rac Tavis mxriv,
reformis erT-erT mizans warmoadgens. qvemoT warmogidgenT monacemebs, romelsac
es daskvnebi emyareba.
• saxelfaso ganakveTis daangariSebis gamWvirvale sistema
angariSworebis axalma sistemam uzrunvelyo maswavlebelTa saxelfaso

ganakveTebis efeqturi gadaangariSeba. kvlevisas ar gamoikveTa respodentTa
ukmayofileba saxelfaso ganakveTis daangariSebis gamWirvalobasTan dakavSirebiT.
• resursebis ganTavseba skolebis Senaxvisa da reabilitaciisaTvis
kapitaluri saremonto samuSaoebis, magaliTad, saklaso oTaxebis SesakeTeblad,

xarjebis dasafarad skolebis umetesobas vauCeruli dafinanseba ar hyofnis, Tumca
miuxedavad amisa, am mimarTulebiT gasul wlebTan SedarebiT winsvla namdvilad
SeiniSneba.
• maswavleblebisaTvis premiebis daweseba maTi profesiuli unar-Cvevebis

ganviTarebis xelSewyobis mizniT, TandaTan miRebul praqtikad mkvidrdeba.
Ddireqtorebi premias waxalisebis erT-erT saukeTeso formad miiCneven. miuxedavad
imisa, rom maswavleblebi ukmayofiloebi arian dabal xelfasebiT, maTi monacvleobis
maCvenebeli dabalia.
• kritikulia moswavleebis gakveTilebze daswrebis maCvenebeli, rasac
transportirebasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi ganapirobebs. es problema
gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria im skolebisaTvis, romelebisTvisac konsolidaciis
Semdeg avtobusebi ar gadauciaT. direqtorebi (aRsaniSnavia, rom ara mxolod
soflis skolebis direqtorebi) kvlavac dainteresebulebi arian konsolidaciis
procesebiT.
qvemoT warmodgenilia skolebis resursebTan da finansebTan dakavSirebuli

ZiriTadi sirTuleebi da rekomendaciebi:
• mcirekontigentiani skolebis mZime finansuri mdgomareoba

• skolebis konsolidaciis miuxedavad adamianuri resursebis marTvis mxriv
umniSvnelo progresi
mcirekontigentiani skolebis finasuri mdgomareoba kvlavac mZimea. amgvari skolebi,

gansakuTrebiT ki isini, romelTa sasargeblod mcire subsidireba xorcildeba da
19
konsolidaciis procesSi ar arian CarTulni, mZime finansuri problemebis winaSe
aRmoCndnen. amasTanave, am skolebisaTvis subsidiebi srulyofilad ar xorcieldeba.
sasurvelia, vauCeruli dafinansebis formulaSi gaTvaliswinebul iqnas mcire zomis
skolebis dafinansebis sakiTxi maTi saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad. soflis
da maRalmTiani raionebis skolebi biujetis Sesavsebad gare fondebis moZiebaSi
aqtiurebi ar arian da saTanado mxardaWeras da daxmarebas saWiroeben.
skolebis konsolidaciis da optimizaciis procesebi farTo masStabebiT xasiaTdeba.

mocemuli iniciativis ganxorcielebas skolebis raodenobis mniSvnelovnad Semcireba
mohyva. agreTve, Semcirda im skolebis ricxvic, romlebic srul reabilitacias
saWiroebdnen. Sefasebisas, dadebiTi Sedegi gamovlinda konsolidaciis Sedegad
adamianuri resursebis marTvis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, rac, SesaZloa, aixsnas im
faqtiT, rom skolebis didi nawili mxolod administraciulad gaerTianda, xolo
fizikurad konsolidirebuli skolebis direqtorebs ar surT, moaxdinon akademiuri
kadrebis restruqturizacia. es vrceldeba gansakuTrebiT soflis da maRalmTiani
regionebis skolebze, sadac adgilobrivi mcirericxovani Temis pirobebSi axali
kadrebis daqiravebis perspeqtiva mcirea. amasTanave, konsolidaciis dadebiTi
Sedegebi aSkaraa fizikuri resursebis efeqturobis mxriv, magaliTad, moswavle/
klasis saSualo Tanafardoba konsolidirebul skolebSi.
• zustad ar aris gansazRvruli saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis funqciebi

da valdebulebebi;
• saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebSi adamianuri, fizikuri da finansuri
resursebi araadeqvaturia, resurscentrebisaTvis miniWebuli avtonomia ki
arasakmarisi;
• skolebis did nawils monacemTa Segrovebisa da gadacemis SezRuduli
SesaZleblobebi aqvs;
Tu mocemuli erTeulebis sidides da resursebs gaviTvaliswinebT,

saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebs mniSvnelovani funqciebi aqvs miniWebuli. Tumca
sasurvelia, ganisazRvros prioritetebi resurs-centrebis efeqturi funqcionirebis
uzrunvelsayofad. adamianuri, fizikuri da finansuri resursebis simcire xels
uSlis centrebis efeqtur muSaobas. da bolos, centrebis muSaobas mniSvnelovnad
aferxebs dawesebuli sakanonmdeblo moTxovna, rac gulisxmobs nebarTvas Tundac
mcire sabiujeto xarjebTan dakavSirebiT. es ki reformebis demokratiuli xasiaTis
fonze ukiduresad biurokratiuli midgomaa.
skolebis umetesobas monacemTa Sekrebis da miwodebis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi

aqvT. amis gamo izrdeba centrebis samuSao datvirTva da ganaTlebis marTvis
sainformacio sistemebs xSir SemTxvevaSi naklebad realisturi informacia
miewodebaT. gaurkvevelia, mravali sabiujeto procesisa da princi pis sakiTxi, rac
SesaZloa, mogvardes resurscentrebisaTvis organizebuli Semdgomi treningebis
meSveobiT.
• maswavleblebisaTvis gazrdili, magram kvlavac arasakmarisi saxelfaso

ganakveTi. respodentTa azriT, klasis zomis koeficienti saxelfaso daangariSebis
formulaSi ar Seesabameba im pedagogTa samuSao datvirTvas, romelTac didi zomis
klasebTan uxdebaT muSaoba.
20
• konsolidaciis Sedegad warmoiSva transportirebasTan dakavSirebuli
problemebi, rac moswavleebis daswrebaze uaryofiTad aisaxeba; amasTanave, gaizarda
klasebis sidide.
a-2.4 reformebi - marTvis da finansuri SesaZleblobebis gasaumjobeseblad
rekomendaciebi resursebTan da finansebTan dakavSirebiT mdgomareobs

SemdegSi:
1. saWiroa, ganisazRvros prioritetebi saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis

valdebulebebsa da funqciebs Soris. am mizniT SesaZlebelia maTTvis specialuri
seminaris organizeba. seminarze isini SeZleben SeTanxmdnen prioritetul
mimarTulebebze. mosagvarebelia, saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis sakadro
gafarToebis sakiTxic.
2. saministrom meti avtonomia da moqnilobis saSualeba unda misces centrebs da
amgvarad xeli Seuwyos finansuri marTvis da adgilobrivi saWiroebebis gankargvis
alternatiul gzebis gansazRvras.
3. sasurvelia, maswavleblis saxelfaso ganakveTis daangariSebisas klasis zomis
gaTvaliswineba, rac am etapze ar xdeba.
4. unda ganisazRvros,Tu ramdenad efeqturia konsolidaciis procesi konkretul
SemTxvevebSi – magaliTad, urbanul dasaxlebebSi. kerZod, unda ganisazRvros
kriteriumi saswavlo garemosa da swavlis Sedegebze konsolidaciis procesis
zemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad, moswavle/maswavleblis da moswavle/
administraciuli erTeulis mosalodneli Tanafardoba. maRalkontigentiani
skolebis pirobebSi erT-erT midgoma aris skolebis decentralizacia erT skolaSi.
konsolidirebul skolebs, romlebsac gadasces saskolo avtobusebi, naklebi
problemebi aqvT moswavleebis daswrebasTan dakavSirebiT. (18) amitom, prioritetuli
unda gaxdes konsolidirebuli skolebisaTvis avtobusebis gadacema.
5. sasurvelia ganviTardes skolebs Soris TanamSromlobis ufro meti saSualeba
fondebis moZiebis, saproeqto winadadebebis Sedgenis, monitoringis, Sefasebis da
sxva sakiTxebSi gamocdilebis gaziarebis mizniT. SesaZlebelia, saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebis gamoyeneba skolebis regionaluri qselebis Camoyalibebisa da
informaciis, Tu gamocdilebis gaziarebis xelSewyobis mizniT. skolebis qselis
regionalur modelebad SesaZlebelia warmatebuli skolebis gamoyeneba.
6. vauCeris formulis daangariSebisas saministrom unda gaiTvaliswinos
mcirekontigentiani skolebisa da inkluziuri ganaTlebis saWiroebebi.
mcirekontigentiani skolebisaTvis saxelmwifo subsidirebis uzrunvelyofis
miuxedavad, skolebi aRniSnaven, rom mocemuli Tanxa sakmarisia mxolod saxelfaso
biujetis dasafarad. es ki amcirebs maT SesaZleblobebs gaaumjobeson sxva
operaciuli aspeqtebi. erT-erT alternatiuli variantia, vauCeruli dafinansebis
daangariSebisas kriteriumad gansazRvron skolis sidide. vinaidan konkretuli
praqtika met danaxarjebs moiTxovs, vauCeruli dafinansebis formula ufro efeqturi
iqneba, Tu ganisazRvreba inkluziuri ganaTlebis saWiroebis mqone moswavleebisaTvis
dafinasebis gansxvavebuli ganakveTi.
a-3.0 rekomendaciebi Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis
mocemul qveTavSi warmodgenilia Semdegi rekomendaciebi:
21
• mocemuli kvlevis Sedegebi unda gadaisinjos ori-sami wlis Semdeg;
• kvlvis Sedegebis erovnuli masStabiT ganzogadebis mizniT, msgavsi kvleva
unda Catardes konfliqtur zonebSi da eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebul
regionebSi;
• Catardes damatebiTi kvleva im monacemebis gamoyenebiT, romelic am kvlevis
farglebSi Segrovda;
• damatebiT unda Seiswavlon konsolidaciis Sedegebi, raTa gansazRvros
dainteresebuli mxareebisaTvis misaRebi konsolidaciis kriteriumebi, rac Tavis
mxiriv efeqtur Sedegs ganapirobebs;
• unda SemuSavdes maregulirebeli dokumenti maswavleblTa mier sakuTar
moswavleebis kerZod momzadebis sakiTxebze (repetitorobasTan dakavSirebuli
sakiTxebi);
• unda Catardes mSoblebis gamokiTxva aqtiur swavlebasTan, akademiuri moswrebis
problemebTan, saxelmZRvaneloebis xelmisawvdomobis, skolis administraciasTan da
akademiur personalTan komunikaciisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb;
• aucilebelia treningebi gansakuTrebiT sameurveo sabWoebisaTvis;
• unda ganxorcieldes kvleva skolis marTvis saukeTeso praqtikis gansasazRvrad.
kerZod, im konkretuli skolebis SesarCevad, romelic gamocdilebis da informaciis
gaziarebis mizniT gaerTiandeba raionul/regionalur saskolo samodelo qselSi;
• gamosakvlevia mizezebi,ris gamoc maswavlebelTa umetesobisaTvis maswavleblis
saxelmZRvanelo ar aris xelmisawvdomi.
• axladSeqmnili ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemebis gamoyenebis
efeqturobisa da riskis Seswavla. amasTanave, ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio
sistemebidan ganaTlebis politikis aspeqtebTan dakavSirebiT gadawyvetilebis
misaRebad saWiro monacemTa gansazRvra da mimdinare etapze Sekrebili informaciis
damuSaveba;
• aucilebelia skolebs Soris TanamSromlobis gasaumjobeseblad saerTaSoriso
modelebis Seswavla;
• unda Catardes kvleva axali direqtorebis saarCevno sistemasTan
dakavSirebiT;
• im faqtorebis Seswavla, romlebic mcirekontigentiani skolebis sabiujeto
problemebs ganapirobebs da vauCeruli dafinansebis formulaSi maTi uSualo
gaTvaliswineba;
• momavalSi mizanSewonilia kvlevis Catareba sagnobriv-saswavlo programebSi
cvlilebebis Sesaswavlad, saswavlo programebSi sainformacio-komunikaciis da
teqnologiebis integraciis, sertificirebis procesebis, sameurveo sabWoebis da
direqtorebis profesiuli saqmianobis efeqturobis gansasazRvrad;
• sasurvelia,skolebis xarjebsa da Semosavlebze gamWirvale monacemTa sistemis
Seqna, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos winamdebare kvlevis Sedegebis Sedareba im kvlevis
SedegebTan, romelic momavalSi Catardeba.
1.0 Sesavali da winapiroba
1.1 Sesavali
22
saqarTvelos mTavroba msoflio bankis mxardaWeriT axorcilebs ganaTlebis
sistemis reformas. reformis mizania iseTi Taobis aRzrda, romelic ukeTesad iqneba
momzadebuli sabazro ekonomikis da demokratiuli sazogadoebis moTxovnebis
Sesabamisad. saqarTvelos ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministrom (saministro)
ganaTlebis sistemis reformirebis mizniT ganaxorciela proeqti ,,ilia WavWavaZe”.
mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelo sabazro ekonomikaze gadavida, aucilebeli gaxda
ganaTlebis sistemis garkveulwilad Secvla. swrafad cvalebadi sabazro
ekonomikis pirobebSi, ganaTlebis sistema daexmareba moswavles Camoyalibdes
srulyofili, inovaciuri da kritikuli azrovnebis mqone pirovnebad. ganaTlebis
reformis programa 2001 wels daiwyo da sam etapad xorcieldeba. programis
pirveli etapi iTvaliswinebda Semdegi mimarTulebebis ganxorcielebas: a)sistemis
amocanebis efeqturi reformirebisaTvis ganaTlebis politikisa da organizaciuli
struqturis Camoyalibeba; b) mocemuli amocanebis dasakmayofileblad Sesabamisi
SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba da fizikuri, finansuri da adamianuri resursebis
ufro nayofieri da efeqturi marTva.
msoflio bankis da saministros mier erToblivad ganxorcielebuli proeqti
,,ilia WavWavaZe” gabedul nabijebs dgams mzardi masStabebis reformirebis
iniciativebis gansaxorcieleblad. samomavlo saqmianobaSi Sedis saTanado
Sesworebebi saerTaSoriso gamocdilebisa da gare eqspertebis Sefasebis angariSebis
monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT. warmodgenili Sefasebis angariSi reformis rva
ZiriTadi mimarTulebis sxvadasxva aspeqts asaxavs.
saswavlo garemo:
• maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTareba;

• skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTareba;
• axali saswavlo gegmis farglebSi maswavlebelTa mosamzadebeli
treningebi;
• ,,irmis naxtomis”,sainformacio komunikaciebisa da teqnologiebis treningebi,
skolebis kompiuterebiTa da internetiT aRWurva;
• damatebiTi saswavlo masalebis miwodeba;
• saskolo qselis programa.
marTva, marTvis SesaZleblobebi da finansebi
• decentralizaciis struqtura, saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis

SesaZleblobebi;
• skolebis optimizacia da konsolidacia;
• axali dafinansebis da vauCeruli dafinansebis sistema;
• maswavleblebisaTvis axali saxelfaso angariSsworebis sistema.
23
1.2 angariSis struqtura
I nawili, romelSic reformis winapirobaa warmodgenili, moicavs or qveTavs:

saswavlo garemo da marTvisa da finansuri SesaZleblobebi. II nawilSi mocemulia
kvlevaSi gamoyenebuli meTodologia, kvlevis formati, SerCevis princi pi, SeniSvnebi
moZiebul monacemebze, monacemTa bazebis aRweriloba da kvlevis masStabebi.
TiToeuli nawili dayofilia Tematur punqtebad, romelic indikatorebis Sesabamis
mtkicebulebebs moicavs. mocemulia, rogorc xarisxobrivi, aseve raodenobrivi
informacia. respodentebisgan miRebuli ZiriTadi raodenobrivi informacia
ganzogadebulia erovnul doneze da warmodgenilia cxrilebis saxiT, romelic
gviCvenebs sandoobis intervals. angariSs Tan erTvis Sedegebi, romelic Sedarebulia
kategoriebis mixedviT da ganTavsebulia cxrilebSi xi-kvadratis an Ti-testis
maCveneblebiT (ixileT qveTavi 2.6). TiToeuli didi qveTavis (mag, 3.1, 3.2 da a.S)
bolos mocemulia daskvnebi. V nawili aerTianebs daskvnebis da rekomendaciebis
srul CamonaTvals da bolos, warmodgenilia rekomendaciebi damatebiTi kvlevebis
CatarebasTan dakavSirebiT.
1.3 saswavlo garemo

1.3.1 skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTareba
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris direqtoris q-n. marina Jvanias

informaciiT, skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programa
SeimuSaves ucxoel konsultantebTan TanamSromlobis (1999 weli) da kvlevis
farglebSi 10 SerCeuli skolis saWiroebaTa Seswavlis safuZvelze. mocemulma
angariSma da 1999 wels Catarebulma kvlevis (Sahriari, 1999) Sedegebma cxadyo,
rom swavlis da swavlebis procesi im droisaTvis orintirebuli iyo mxolod
maswavlebelze, emyareboda swavlebis didaqtikur meTodebs da ar gulisxmobda
gakveTilis procesSi moswavlis CarTvasa da monawileobas. swavlis da swavlebis
procesi “dazepirebas” da “gameorebas” gulisxmobda da ver aviTarebda analizis,
kritikuli azrovnebisa da problemebis gadaWris unar_Cvevebs. skolis bazaze
profesiuli ganviTarebis programa ZiriTadad miznad isaxavda efeqturi swavlis
da swavlebis garemos, monitoringisa da Sefasebis, klasis marTvis SesaZleblobebis
ganviTarebas. 2003-2005 wlebisaTvis SerCeuli modeli iTavaliswinebda asi
kvalificiuri eqspertis mier TiToeul skolaSi TveSi orjer xuTi (2004-05 wlebSi)
an aTi-TxuTmeti (2003-04 wlebSi) sxvadasxva sagnis maswavlebelTa treningebis
Catarebas.
treningebze warmoadgendnen aqtiuri swavlebis praqtikis modelirebas. TiToeuli
sesiis msvlelobisas maswavleblebs aZlevdnen specialur praqtikul davalebasa
da masalas saklaso oTaxSi gamosayeneblad. SemdgomSi maswavleblebi unda
daxmarebodnen sxva pedagogebs Seswavlili meTodikis praqtikul gamoyenebaSi Ria
gakveTilebze daswrebis da masalebis gaziarebis gziT. sxvadasxva disci plinebis
maswavleblebs arCevdnen skolis direqtorebi. centris warmomadgenelTa azriT,
SerCevis meqanizmi ar aRmoCnda sakmarisad daxvewili da garkeul SemTxvevebSi
profesiul treningebSi yvela sagnis maswavleblis CarTva ver moxerxda.
treningebis cikli sxvadasxva skolebSi paralelurad mimdinareobda, rac
emsaxureboda maswavleblebis profesiuli donis amaRlebas da skolebs Soris
24
TanamSromlobis Camoyalibebas. profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebSi sul 1800
skolis maswavlebeli monawileobda.
treningebi sxvadasxva sakiTxs moicavda. magaliTad, Teoriebi swavlis da
swavlebis Sesaxeb,klasis marTva,efeqturi saklaso oTaxis garemos Seqmna,monitoringi
da Sefaseba, masalebi da resursebi aqtiuri swavlisaTvis, klasgareSe resursebi da
saklaso vizitebi, dagegmva da a.S.
aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom zustad ar gansazRvrula maswavlebelTa im nawilis
gadamzadebis meqanizmi, romlebic treiningebSi ar iyvnen CarTulni. centris
warmomadgenlebis azriT, mocemulma struqturam garkveuli problemebi Seuqmna
treningebSi CarTul maswavleblebs, vinaidan, ar gansazRvrula arc anazRaureba da
arc dro maT mier skolis bazaze sxva pedagogebisaTvis informaciis gasaziareblad.
miuxedavad amisa, proeqtis farglebSi yovelwliurad tardeba regionaluri
konferencia. profesiuli ganviTarebis ciklSi CarTul maswavlebelebs SeuZliaT
miRebuli gamocdileba da warmatebuli praqtikis magaliTebi gauziaron proeqtis
monawile Tu sxva maswavleblebs. treningebis Semdeg, yvela monawile skolam miiRo
treningebisas gamoyenebuli masalebis aslebi. direqtorebs treningebSi monawileoba
ar moeTxovebodaT.
1.3.2 saskolo qseli
saskolo qselis programa, rogorc skolis bazaze profesiuli ganviTarebis

programis nawili, SemuSavda da ganxorcielda skolebs Soris TanamSromlobis
da informaciis gaziarebis xelSewyobis mizniT. iniciativis ganxorcielebisas
gaiTvaliswines, rom sabWoTa periodSi da damoukideblobis pirvel etapze
saSualo skolebi erTmaneTisgan sruliad izolirebulni iyvnen. skolebi, romelmac
warmatebulad miiRes monawileoba saskolo grantebis programis pirvel etapSi,
CaerTvnen skolis bazaze profesiuli ganviTarebis ciklsa da saskolo qselis
programaSi. iniciativis mizani iyo skolaSi da skolebs Soris maswavlebelebis
profesiuli ganviTarebis xelSewyoba. kerZod,SerCeuli ori skolis warmomadgenlebs
unda ganesazRvraT swavlis da swavlebis procesTan dakavSirebuli problemebi.
amis Semdeg, skolebis qselis warmomadgenlebi TanamSromlobdnen arsebuli
problemis gadaWris gzebis da Sesabamisi samoqmedo gegmis gansasazRvrad. skolebi
damoukideblad adgendnen Sexvedrebis sixSires.
programis ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgenda komunikaciis da informaciis
gaziarebis mizniT, saskolo qselSi rac SeiZleba meti maswavleblis CarTva.
programa grZeldeboda erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. programis ganxorcielebis vadebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, sawyis etapze CarTuli skolebis ricxvi ar gazrdila; amasTanave,
ar SemuSavebula samomavlo saqmianobis gegma. miuxedavad amisa, mimdinare etapze
arsebobs zogierTi skolis mocemuli formatiT TanamSromlobis konkretuli
magaliTebi.
saskolo grantebis programa maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
programis nawils warmoadgenda da miznad isaxavda skolaSi swavlis da swavlebis
procesis xelSewyobas. konkursSi gamarjvebul skolas gadaecemoda granti swavlis
da swavlebis procesis da saskolo garemos gasaumjobeseblad. maswavlebelTa
profesiuli ganviTarebis centrma gaiTvaliswina, rom skolebs saproeqto
winadadebebis ganviTarebaSi daxmareba esaWiroebodaT. sagranto programis pirvel
etapze konkursSi gamarjvebulma 210 skolam moi pova granti 1000 aSS dolaris
odenobiT; xolo programis meore etapze damatebiT 213 skolam miiRo grantebi
25
3000 aSS dolaris odenobiT. grantis saSualebiT skolas SeeZlo gaeumjobesebina
swavlis da swavlebisaTvis saWiro masalebis xarisxi. centris warmomadgenlebis
azriT, skolebis sagranto programis da maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
treningebis Semdeg proeqtSi CarTulma skolebma da maswavleblebma kargad gaiazres
skolis ganviTarebis,swavlis da swavlebis xarisxis amaRlebis mniSvneloba. Sefasebis
mocemul angariSSi ar aris detaluri informacia saskolo grantebis programis
Sesaxeb, vinaidan msoflio bankma damoukideblad Caatara programis siRrmiseuli
kvleva.
1.3.3 axali saswavlo gegmis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli treningebi
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebis Semdeg treningebi axal

saswavlo programebTan dakavSirebiT Catarda. am etapze, maswavlebelebs ukve aqvT
SesaZleblobebi da unar-Cvevebi, gamomuSavebuli profesiuli ganviTarebis ciklis
Semdeg. es treningebi met informacias aZlevs maswavlebels swavlis Teoriebis,
Sefasebis, calkeuli sagnobrivi standartebis, moswavleTa portfolioebis da
Sedegze orientirebuli swavlisa da swavlebis procesebis Sesaxeb.
treningisaTvis SerCeuli modeli maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
treningebis formatis msgavsia, mcireodeni gansxvavebebiT. treningebis formatis
mixedviT ganisazRvra sapilote da arasapilote skolebi. 100 sapilote skolidan 51
monawileobda maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebSi, yovelwliurad
xuTi sxvadasxva sagnis ZiriTadi maswavlebeli CaerTo treningebis ciklSi. 2005-2006
wlebSi treningebi iTvaliswinebda I, VII da X klasis maswavleblebis momzadebas
axal saswavlo gegmaSi. Semdgomi wlebis treningTa cikli SemuSavda momdevno
oTxi asakobrivi jgufisaTvis. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programis
analogiurad, skolebs unda ganesazRvraT SedarebiT SemoqmedebiTi da siaxleebis
Sesaswavlad motivirebuli maswavleblebi. monawileebs mxolod dRiur samivlinebo
da satransporto xarjebis unazRaurebdnen.
gasul wels sapilote treningebi oTxi moduliT ganxorcielda:
a) axali saswavlo gegmis standartebi sagnobrivi disci plinebis mixedviT

(fokusirebuli TiToeul saganze);
b) Sefasebis axali sistema;
g) saklaso proeqtebi;
c) praqtikuli gamoyeneba.
treningebSi monawileebs daurigdaT specialuri saxelmZRvaneloebi, xolo

Sesabamisma skolebma miiRes oTxi damatebiTi saxelmZRvanelo. programis CarCos
mixedviT, monawile maswavleblebs skolaSi sxva akademiuri kadrebisaTvis sakuTari
praqtika da miRebuli gamocdileba unda gaeziarebinaT. informaciis gaziarebis
sxvadasxva iniciativebi ganxorcielda skolebs Sorisac. trening programa
iTvaliswinebda erTi seminaris Catarebas TveSi (SabaT-kviras) sxvadasxva monawile
skolebisaTvis saqarTvelos 70 raionidan. mocemuli seminarebi eZRvneboda skolebis
mier miRebuli gamocdilebis da arsebuli problemebis gaziarebas. yovelTviuri
seminarebi ZiriTadad sapilote skolebisaTvis iyo organizebuli, magram arasa
pilote skolebis maswavleblebs, survilisamebr SeeZloT monawileobis miReba.
Cveni azriT, sapilote skolis arsi isaa, rom axal saswavlo gegmaSi cvlilebebis
26
Sesatanad rekomendaciebis saSualebas gvaZlevs, rac momdevno wels programis sxva
skolebSi warmatebulad danergvas ganapirobebs.
arasapilote skolebi treningebis gansxvavebul modelSi arian CarTulni.
proeqtis farglebSi yvela maswavlebels SeuZlia treningebSi monawileoba TveSi
erTxel (gamonaklisi, dekemberi da ianvari), magram Catarebuli sesiebi ar aris
sapilote wels Catarebulis sesiis msgavsi; monawileebs ar miewodebaT sruli
masala, aramed mxolod xuTi-eqvs gverdiani samuSao masala ZiriTadi saqmianobis
amsaxveli. erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centris koordinatoris q-n.
nana dalaqiSvilis informaciiT, arasapilote skolebis maswavleblebis 20% eswreba
am sesiebs. Sefasebis jgufs ara gaaCnia sxva qveynebSi msgavsi formatis treningebis
gamocdilebis magaliTi, magram zogadad cnobilia, rom ufaso, araanazRaurebadi
treningebi monawileobis dabali maCvenebliT xasiaTdeba.
mocemul angariSSi warmodgenilia sapilote da arasapilote skolebis jgufebis
analizi. kvlevis ZiriTad mizans ar warmoadgenda imis Seswavla, Tu ramdenad farTo
da Rrma iyo treningebi sapilote Tu arasapilote skolebSi, aramed imis garkveva,
Tu ra zegavlena hqonda treningebs orive SemTxvevaSi.
centris warmomadgenlebi aRniSnaven, rom gegmaven 2013 wlis maswavlebelTa
licenzirebis procesisaTvis aucilebel moTxovnad CarTon profesiuli
ganviTarebis treningebSi monawileoba, rac garkeulwilad, gazrdis treningebSi
monawile maswavleblebis raodenobas. es kargi motivaciaa da xels Seuwyobs
treningebis gavlenisa da masStabebis gazrdas, miTumetes Tu centri treningis
organizaciebis akreditaciasac moiTxovs. amasTanave, centri gegmavs xeli Seuwyos
skolebs Soris TanamSromlobis ganviTarebas, aniWebs ra sakredito qulebs im
skolebis, romlebic saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis daxmarebiT am iniciativaSi
miiReben monawileobas. Sefasebis jgufis azriT, akreditaciisaTvis moTxovnebis
Camoyalibeba garkveulwilad erTjeradi iniciativaa da mizanSewonilia mxareebis
meti daintereseba.
1.3.4 damxmare saswavlo masalebis gamofena
gaiTvaliswines ra skolebSi damxmare saswavlo masalebis xelmisawvdomobis

simcire, ganaTlebis programis farglebSi moewyo saswavlo masalebis gamofena.
problemis gadaWris mizniT 2003 da 2004 wlebSi Catarda damatebiTi saswavlo
masalebis ori gamofena. gamofenis ZiriTad mizans skolebis im damatebiTi
saswavlo masalebiT aRWurva warmoadgenda, romelic daexmareboda skolas aqtiuri
swavlebis procesis ganxorcielebaSi. specialurma komisiam gansazRvra sagnobrivi
disci plinebis mixedviT saWiro masalebi, romelic xels Seuwyobda axali meTodebis
danergvas da daakmayofilebda xangrZlivi moxmarebis moTxovnebs. Sesabamisi
masalebis katalogebi daurigda yvela skolas. skolis warmomadgenlebs SeeZloT
daswrebodnen gamofenebs. gamofenebis meore etapisaTvis, TiToeuli skolisaTvis
gamohyves specialuri biujeti - 200 aSS dolari da damatebiT 2 aSS dolari
moswavleze. gamofenebis pirvel etapze Sedgenili nusxa mxolod dabeWdili
masalebiT Semoifargleboda. meore gamofenisas gaTvaliswinebul iqna masalebi
yvela savaldebulo sagnis swavlebisaTvis. magaliTad, plakatebi, audio-video
kasetebi, laboratoriuli aRWurviloba, mikroskopebi, sagnobrivi TvalsaCinoebebi,
aRWurviloba sportuli darbazebisaTvis da sxva. skolis warmomadgenlebi daeswrnen
gamofenebs da waradgines SerCeuli masalebis nusxebi. SekveTa da miwodeba Seferxda
71 ucxoeli momwodeblis mizeziT _ SekveTili masalis simciris gamo inventaris
27
saqarTveloSi transportireba SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda.
umetesad, SerCeuli masala, maTi dabali Rirebulebidan gamomdinare, iyo
plakatebi, wignebi, saganmanaTleblo TamaSebi da rukebi. SedarebiT naklebad Tumca
didi raodenobiT (10 000-ze meti) irCevdnen sportuli aRWurvilobas, Tematur
portfolioebs, laboratoriis aRWurvilobas, leqsikonebs, TvalsaCinoebebs,
saRebavebsa da xelsawyoebs.
1.3.5 proeqt ìrmis naxtomis~ trening-programa
programis warmomadgenlebis informaciiT, ,,irmis naxtomis’’ farglebSi

ganxorcielebuli treningebi sawyis etapzea. programa sam etapad ganxorcieldeba.
pirveli etapi iTvaliswinebs sabaziso kompiuteruli unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas
da sul 24 saaTs moicavs. igulisxmeba kompiuteris moxmarebis sawyisi unar-
Cvevebis Camoyalibebas _ kompiuteris CarTva da gamoyeneba, failebis gadagzavna,
ZiriTadi programebis gamoyeneba, internetSi informaciis moZieba. treningebis
done damokidebulia monawile jgufebis SesaZleblobebze da icvleba treiningis
dinamikis mixedviT, rac Tavis mxriv fasilitaciis karg unars saWiroebs. programis
mizania maswavleblebis 70%-is treningebSi CarTva.
treningebis meore etapi daiwyeba seqtembridan. ZiriTadi mizania trenigebSi
CarTuli maswavleblebis 10%-is mier sainformacio komunikaciebis da teqnologiebis
swavlebis kursSi da skolis saswavlo programaSi CarTvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
treningebis meore etapi 40 saaTs moicavs, TiTo sesia grZeldeba or saaTis
ganmavlobaSi da tardeba or dReSi erTxel. trening kursi Sedgenilia amerikuli
,,In Tech” meTodologiis mixedviT, rac gulisxmobs sainformacio komunikaciebis
da teqnologiebis saswavlo programaSi integracias. mesame etapi miznad isaxavs
samagisitro programis SemuSavebas, romlisTvisac ,,irmis naxtomi” uzrunvelyofs
teqnikur mxardaWeras da konsultaciebs, magram ara treningebs.
,,irmis naxtomi” amzadebs trening-programas skolebis axali direqtorebisaTvis
skolis administrirebis procesebSi kompiuteris gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. treningebi
moicavs 24 saaTs erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi. trening-programaSi monawile direqtorebis
done Sefasdeba seminarebis dawyebamde, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes programaSi
Sesabamisi Sesworebebis Setana.
mocemul etapamde ganxorcielebul treningebSi winaswar ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli
monawile maswavleblebis teqnikuri unar_Cvevebi. mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad,
treningebi ZiriTadad qalaqis skolebSi Catarda. amitom, soflis da mTiani raionebis
skolebis Sefasebis Sedegebi, SegviZlia gamoviyenoT sabaziso kvlevad ,,irmis
naxtomis’’ farglebSi.
,,irmis naxtomis’’ programa sxva treningebis msgavsi problemebis winaSe aRmoCnda.
kerZod, trenigebis monawileTa SerCeva am SemTxvevaSic direqtorebma ganaxorcieles.
amgvarad SerCeuli maswavlebeli SeiZleba sulac ar iyos sakmarisad motivirebuli,
vinaidan direqtorebi sxvadasxva princi piT arCeven maT. trening-programa iyenebs
adgilobriv mwvrTnelebs umetes qalaqebSi da mobilur mwvrTnelebs im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu adgilobrivi kadri xelmisawvdomi ar aris.
1.3.6 skolebis biblioTekebis aRWurvis programa
miuxedavad imisa, rom skolebis umetesobas aqvs biblioTekebi, reformis proeqtis

warmomadgenlebis azriT, biblioTekebSi arsebuli masala aqtiuri swavlebis
28
procesisaTvis moZvelebuli da Seuferebelia. am problemis mosagvareblad daiwyo
biblioTekebis wignebiT momarageba. programis farglebSi wignebi gadaeca soflis
skolebs. programis sawyis etapze 600 skola momaragda resursebiT. dagegmilia
procesSi soflis axali skolebis CarTva. specialurma komisiam gansazRvra
kriteriumi biblioTekis masalebis SesarCevad dabeWdvis TariRis, xarisxis,
saganmanaTleblo Rirebulebisa da fasis gaTvaliswinebiT.
1.4 marTva da finansebi
1.4.1 decentralizacia da marTva
2003 wlis Semdeg, drois sakmaod mokle monakveTSi, zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis

dafinansebis da marTvis sistemam Zireuli cvlilebebi ganicada. ganaTlebis sistemis
reformam sruliad Secvala dafinansebis da marTvis formebi. am sakiTxebis detaluri
analizi qvemoT aris warmodgenili. ganxorcielda ganaTlebis sistemis marTvis
struqturis decentralizacia, Camoyalibda sameurveo sabWoebi da saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebi, dainerga vauCeruli dafinasebis formula, gaizarda maswavlebelTa
saxelfaso ganakveTi da Seicvala daangariSebis formula.
yvela skolas (dawyebiTi, sabazo da saSualo safexurebi) mieniWa iuridiuli
piris statusi da avtonomiur erTeulebad gadaiqca. mimdinare etapze sajaro
skolebi saministros pirdapiri dafinansebis qveS imyofeba. maT aqvT gadawyvetilebis
damoukideblad miRebis ufleba. gauqmda adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobebis mier
skolebisaTvis biujetis damtkicebis da ganTavsebis uflebamosileba. weliwadSi
orjer ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministrodan skolebs sabanko angariSze ericxebaT
erTiani Tanxa vauCeruli dafinansebis formuliT. sabanko gadaricxvebze gadasvlam
procesi ufro gamWvirvale da swrafi gaxada. yvelaze mniSvnelovani isaa, rom skolebi
damoukideblad gankargaven sabiujeto xarjebs,saWiroebaTa Seswavlis da prioritetebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. skolas ufleba aqvs Semosavlebis gazrdis mizniT moiZios fondebi,
Semowirulobebi, CaerTos komerciuli saqmianobaSi. ar arsebobs araviTari SezRudva,
Tu es uaryofiTad ar aisaxeba moswavleebze da Semosavlebi skolis sakeTildReod
aris mimarTuli. (kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, muxli 51).
decentralizaciis iniciativis erT-erT mizania, skolis marTvasa da saswavlo
garemoSi aqtiurad CarTos adgilobrivi Temi. sameurveo sabWoebis Camoyalibeba,
romelic Sedgeba maswavleblebis, mSoblebisa da moswavleebisagan (zogierT
SemTxvevaSi adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobis warmomadgenlic) mniSvnelovani nabijia
zemoTaRniSnuli miznis misaRwevad. sameurveo sabWo, warmoadgens ra umaRles
administraciul erTeuls skolis doneze, pasuxismgebelia skolis biujetis,
yovelwliuri gegmebis, Sinaganawesis, skolis saswavlo programebis SemuSavebaze,
zedamxedvelobs maswavlebelTa sabWoebis mier saxelmZRaneloebis SerCevasa da
damtkicebas. sabWo uflebamosilia, ganaxorcielos skolis administraciis mier
saskolo biujetis gankargvis monitoringi da kontroli.
meore mniSvnelovani iniciativa skolebis decentralizaciis procesSi aris
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis Camoyalibeba. isini Caenacvlen adre arsebul
ganaTlebis raionul centrebs. saganmanaTleblo resurscentri warmoadgens Sualedur
rgols skolebis saqmianobis gaziarebis, administraciuli informaciis miwodebis,
marTvisa da maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis iniciativebis organizebisa
da xelSewyobisaTvis; resurcentri uzrunvelyofs statistikuri informaciis
Segrovebas ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemis deparatamentisaTvis.
29
1.4.2 vauCeruli dafinansebis formula
Zireuli cvlilebebi ganxorcielda sajaro skolebis safinanso sistemaSi. 2005

wlis 1 oqtombers vauCeruli modelis danergvis Semdeg, skola dafinasebas TiToeul
moswavleze iRebs. am cvlilebis mizani sxvadasxva kategoriis skolebisaTvis biujetis
gansazRvraSi samarTlianobis da Tanasworobis dacva iyo. amgvarad izrdeba skolis
daintereseba SeimuSavos mravalferovani da xarisxiani saganmanaTleblo programebi
moswavleebis mosazidad. mimdinare etapze vauCeruli dafinansebis formula mxolod
erT martiv kriteriums efuZneba _ skolebis geografiul ganTavsebas. qalaqis
skolebi vauCeruli dafinasebis yvelaze dabal ganakveTs iReben, soflis skolebi,
saSualo da maRalmTiani raionebis skolebi ki yvelaze maRals. mocemuli saxis
diferenciacia miznobrivad ganxorcielda, sxvadasxva geografiul arealSi mdebare
skolebs Soris Tanabari da dabalansebuli mdgomareobis SesanarCuneblad. vinaidan,
vauCeruli dafinasebis formula ar iTvaliswinebs skolebis kontigentis sidides,
dabalkontigentiani skolebi seriozuli finansuri problemebis winaSe aRmoCndnen da
mizanSewonilia, damatebiTi subsidiis gansazRvra vauCeruli dafinasebis formulis
Sesavsebad.
1.4.3 maswavlebelTa saxelfaso angariSworebis axali sqema
vauCeruli dafinansebis formulis ganxorcielebis paralelurad saministrom

SeimuSava maswavlebelTa saxelfaso ganakveTis daangariSebis axali formula, ris
Sedegadac ganxorcielda xelfasebis ganakveTis mniSvnelovani, saSualod orjer,
zrda. minimaluri saxelfaso ganakveTi gauTanabrda saxelmwifo moxelis minimaluri
xelfasis odenobas. axali formula sam koeficients efuZneba: profesiuli gamocdileba,
kvalifikacia,klasebis sidide. formula gamoiyeneba minimaluri saxelfaso ganakveTis
daangariSebisaTvis TiToeuli maswavleblisaTvis da Sesabamisad yvela skola
valdebulia daakmayofilos arsebuli moTxovna. mocemuli minimaluri ganakveTis
zemoT skolas ufleba aqvs gansazRvros angariSsworebis SedarebiT maRali zRvari,
an premiebi sakuTari finansuri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
1.4.4 optimizacia
skolebis optimizacia anu konsolidacia ganxorcielda zogadi ganaTlebis

sistemaSi adamianuri, fizikuri da finansuri resursebis efeqturobis gazrdis
mizniT. procesi moicavda or etaps: pirveli rigSi gaiTvaliswines soflis an
mcirekontigentiani skolebi; meore etapze ki Seecadnen skolebis dainteresebas,
raTa isini CarTuliyvnen optimizaciis procesebSi. konsolidaciisaTvis Semdegi
kriteriumebi iqna gaTvaliswinebuli: skolis kapitali, maswavlebeli-moswavlis
Tanafardoba da manZili skolebs Soris. rogorc Sefasebis jgufisTvis aris
cnobili, ar gansazRvrula konkretuli samizne skolebi da raionebi.
or etapad ganxorcielebuli optimizaciis Sedegad skolebis raodenoba
daaxloebiT 1000-iT Semcirda da Seadgina 2300. ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi
mosaxleobis mzardma demografiulma gadaadgilebam skolebis Senoba-nagebobebis
Seuferebeli gamoyeneba ganapiroba. kerZod, skolebis Senoba-nagebobebi moswavleebis
gacilebiT maRal kontigentze iyo gansazRvruli, rac optimizaciis erT-erT
ganmsazRvrel faqtors warmoadgenda. zog SemTxvevaSi,sadac fizikurma konsolidaciam
30
transportirebis problemebi ganapiroba, saministrom skolebs gadasca saskolo
avtobusebi, romlebic usasyidlod uzrunvelyofen moswavleebis transportirebas.
mocemul etapze, administraciuli optimizacia, romlis farglebSic skolebi
SeinarCuneben arsebul Senobas, magram erTi skolis mmarTvelobiTi organos
administrirebis qveS eqcevian, optimizaciis yvelaze farTod miRebul meTods
warmoadgens.
31
2.0 kvlevis formati da struqtura
2.1 Seswavlili sakiTxebi
teqnikur davalebaSi warmodgenili Sefasebis kiTxvebis siRrmisa da raodenobis

saTanado SefasebisaTvis didi dro iyo saWiro. detalurad unda ganxiluliyo
Sefasebis kiTxvebi da indikatorebi, unda SemuSavebuliyo kvlevis instrumentebi
da momxdariyo maTi pilotireba, Catarebuliyo savele samuSaoebi da bolos,
momzadebuliyo srulyofili angariSi, rogorc, Cveulebriv, kvlevisas xdeba. vinaidan,
saswavlo weli mTavrdeboda da TviT reformis proeqtis vada iwureboda, kvlevis
gansaxorcieleblad mxolod ori Tve ganisazRvra.
amis gaTvaliswinebiT, Sefasebis jgufma muSaobis dawyebamde detalurad
ganixila Semdegi sakiTxebi: 1) reformiT gaTvaliswinebuli saqmianobis siRrme; 2)
kvlevis masStabebi da respodentebis ti pebi monacemTa Semdgomi ganzogadebisaTvis;
3) monacemTa moculoba da mravalferovneba reformis programis sxvadasxva
saqmianobasTan mimarTebaSi. sakonsultacio jgufma ganixila sxvadasxva
princi pi da meTodologia. drois simciris gamo, Sefasebis jgufma SeaTanxma is
ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi, romlebsac Seiswavlidnen da Sedegebs SeZlebisdagvarad
ganazogadebdnen. kvleva ori ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT warimarTa:
saswavlo garemo:
• maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTareba;
• skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTareba;
• axali saswavlo gegmis farglebSi maswvlebelTa treningebi;
• proeqti ,,irmis naxtomi” da treningebi sainformacio komunikaciebsa
da teqnologiebSi, kompiuterebiTa da internetiT aRWurva;
• damatebiTi saswavlo masalebis miwodeba;
• saskolo qselis programa.
marTva, marTvis SesaZleblobebi da finansebi
• decentralizaciis struqtura, saganmanaTleblo

resurscentrebis SesaZleblobebi;
• skolebis optimizacia da konsolidacia;
• axali dafinansebis da vauCeruli dafinansebis sistema;
• maswavleblebisaTvis axali saxelfaso angariSsworebis sistema.
SemuSavda 200 axali indikatori mocemuli rva sakiTxis Sesaswavlad. Tumca,

winamdebare angariSi Tematurad aris agebuli, da ara indikatorebis mixedviT.
amasTanave, zogierT indikators misi aqtualurobidan gamomdinare meti yuradReba
eqceva.
2.2 kvlevis meTodologia
Catarda SedarebiTi analizi sawyisi kvlevebis angariSebSi mocemuli reformamdel
32
periodis pirobebTan SedarebiT. rig SemTxvevebSi reformis procesi mxolod sawyis
an adreul etapzea. amitom, mocemuli SemTxvevebis gaTvaliswinebiT, kvleva Seafasebs
reformis procesebis gavlenas an warmoadgens sabaziso kvlevas, rac samomavlod
ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis SedarebiT analizis saSualebas iZleva.
proeqtis sakoordinacio centrTan SeTanxmebiT ganisazRvra monacemTa Segrovebis

saSualebebi:
a. xelmisawvdom monacemTa wyaroebis da sawyisi kvlevebis masalebis moZieba;

b. interviuebi ZiriTad CarTul mxareebTan;
g. fokus-jgufebis organizeba 15 raionis saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebis xelmZRvanelebTan.
fokus-jgufebTan SexvedrebSi monawileoba miiRes 14 raionis resurscentrebis

xelmZRvanelebma: baTumi, borjomi, aspinZa, adigeni, isan-samgori, mTawminda-krwanisi,
siRnaRi, axmeta, marneuli, mcxeTa. fokus-jgufebTan Sexvedrebze ganixiles Semdegi
sakiTxebi: resurscentrebSi arsebuli adamianuri da finasuri resursebi, teqnikuri
aRWurviloba, skolebis axali saxelmZRvaneloebiT momaragebis sakiTxebi, centrebis
mxardaWera/daxmareba skolebis marTvasa da sameurveo sabWoebis funqcionirebaSi,
resurscentrebis axali struqturis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi, arsebuli
problemebi da a.S. (ixileT, danarTi fokus-jgufebis detaluri informaciisaTvis).
a) siRrmiseuli konteqsuri kvleva
b) interviuebi skolis direqtorebTan
Catarda 15 skolis direqtorebis gamokiTxva Tbilisis, samegrelos da kaxeTis

regionebidan. respodentebisaTvis dasmuli SekiTxvebi ZiriTadad axali direqtorebis
da sameurveo sabWoebis funqciebsa da valdebulebebs, finasur sakiTxebs, treningebs,
konsolidaciis process, axali saswavlo programebis ganxorcielebasa da damatebiT
saswavlo masalebs exeboda.
g) maswavleblebis fokus jgufebi
Catarda 12 fokus-jgufi maswavleblebTan. aTi skola SeirCa samegrelos

da kaxeTis regionebidan, Tbilisidan ki _ 2. fokus-jgufebis ganxilvis sagans
warmoadgenda maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebi, Semdgomi
profesiuli ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebi da saWiroebebi, resurscentrebis
mxardaWera, maswavleblebis mier saxelmwifo ganaTlebis miznebis codna, swavlis
Sedegebi, maswavleblebis monawileoba skolis marTvaSi, saswavlo programebi da
sxva.
fokusjgufebi ramdenime skolis sameurveo sabWosTan qalaqis da soflis

skolebSi skolis direqtrebis dauswreblad
moewyo fokusjgufi Svid sameurveo sabWosTan, direqtorebis dauswreblad.

ganixiles maTi funqciebi da valdebulebebi, saskolo cxovrebaSi CarTva,
gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawileoba, Sexvedrebis sixSire, skolis direqtorebTan
33
komunikaciis saSualebebi da gzebi da sxva. skolis direqtorebis gareSe fokus
jgufebTan Sexvedram xeli Seuwyo sameurveo sabWoebTan Ria dialogis warmarTvas.
a) kiTxvarebi direqtorebisa da skolis administratorebisaTvis
kiTxvarebis saSualebiT SesaZlebeli gaxda reformis sxvadasxva iniciativebis

Sesaxeb skolis direqtorebis mosazrebis gacnoba da faqtobrivi informaciis
mokreba. kiTxvari Ria da daxurul SekiTxvebs Seicavda. gacemuli pasuxebis mixedviT,
Sefasebis jgufi Tvlis, rom SekiTxvebi direqtorebisaTvis naTlad da gasagebad iyo
formulirebuli. im SemTxvevaSi Tu kiTxvari srulad ar iyo Sevsebuli, informaciis
srulyofis mizniT Sefasebis jgufi ukavSirdeboda Sesabamis direqtors.
b) kiTxvarebi maswavleblebisaTvis
kiTxvarebi maswavleblebisaTvis gaigzavna yvela SerCeul skolaSi. kiTxvebi ise

iyo formulirebuli, rom maswavleblebs SesZlebodaT sakuTari damokidebuleba
gamoexataT axali saswavlo gegmis, saxelmZRvaneloebis, maswavleblis
saxelmZRvanelos, Sefasebis sistemis, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis da
axali saswavlo gegmis treningebTan dakavSirebiT. zogierTi SekiTxva exeboda
konkretulad im problemas, romlis mogvarebac maswavlebels sakuTar praqtikaSi
uxdeboda,da bolos,kiTxvarebis saSualebiT SevagroveT monacemebi iseT iniciativebze,
rogoricaa skolebis kompiuterizaciis programa, maswavlebelTa damokidebuleba
decentralizaciis procesis da misi Sedegebis mimarT, sameurveo sabWoebis da
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis rolis da funqciebis gacnobiereba.
kiTxvari moicavs SekiTxvebs ZiriTadad oTxi alternatiuli pasuxiT. amgvari
specifika uzrunvelyofs pasuxebis met sandoobasa da siswores. kiTxvari moicavda
ganxorcielebuli intervenciebis farTo speqtrs. igi or nawilad iyo gayofili,
respodents TiToeuli kiTxvaris Sesavsebad mxolod 30 wuTi hqonda. ramac miRebuli
pasuxebis meti sandooba da kiTxvaris SedarebiT srulad Sevseba ganapiroba.
8) vizitebi skolis fizikuri garemos Sefasebis mizniT
SerCeul damkvirveblebs CautardaT specialuri treningi, raTa maT SemuSavebuli

dakvirvebis formiT SeefasebinaT skolebis fizikuri garemo.
9) xanmokle dakvirveba saklaso oTaxis garemoze
Sefasebisas ver ganxorcielda saklaso oTaxis garemoze siRrmiseuli dakvirveba,

vinaidan kvlevisaTvis gansazRvruli mcire dro ar iZleoda damkvirvebelTa
saTanadod momzadebis saSualebas. amasTanave, xSir SemTxvevaSi, am ti pis
dakvirvebisas, maswavleblebi saCvenebel gakveTils atareben damkvirveblisaTvis. es
ki realuri suraTis ar asaxavs. miuxedavad amisa, monacemTa Semgroveblebma yvela
SerCeuli skolis 5-6 klasSi Caatares 15 wuTiani dakvirveba. dakvirvebis mizani
iyo saklaso praqtikis dinamikis, swavlis da swavlebis procesSi moswavleebisa
da maswavleblis CarTvis, saxelmZRvaneloebis da damatebiTi saswavlo masalebis
xelmisawvdomobis Sefaseba. damkvirveblebisaTvis momzadda specialuri formebi,
romlis saSualebiT aqtiuri Tu pasiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb
zogadi informacias miviRebdiT.
34
2.3 SerCeva
kvlevisas gamoyenebuli iyo kiTxvarebi, skolasa da saklaso oTaxze dakvirvebis

formebi da sxvadasxva doneebze kategoriebad dajgufebis princi pebi. amgvari
kvleva miRebuli Sedegebis ganzogadebis saSualebas iZleva, konfliqtur zonebis
da eTnikuri umciresobebis regionebis gamoklebiT. monacemebi dajgufebulia
raionebis mixedviT, vinaidan ase ufro met skolaSi iyo SesaZlebeli dakvirvebis
ganxorcieleba. raionebi da skolebi SeirCa SemTxveviTi SerCevis gziT. SerCevis sami
etapi detalurad aris warmodgenili meTodologiur danarTSi. SerCevis pirveli
etapi warmoadgens raionebis SemTxveviTi SerCevis models farTo geografiuli
arealis dafarvis mizniT. meore etapi gulisxmobs skolebis SemTxveviT SerCevas
raionis farglebSi. mesame ki maswavleblebis da klasebis SemTxveviT SerCevas
skolebSi. am princi piT SevarCieT 110 skola.
2.4 ganxiluli kategoriebi, indeqsebis SemuSaveba da komentarebi kiTxvarebze
Sefasebis jgufi Seecada Seefasebina iseTi rTuli sakiTxebi, rogoricaa axali

meTodebisadmi damokidebuleba da axali meTodebis gamoyeneba. am mizniT kiTxvarebi
Sedgeba SekiTxvebisa da alternatiuli pasuxebisagan. magaliTad, maswavleblis
kiTxvarSi 1. warmodgenilia eqvsi SekiTxva aqtiuri swavlebis mimarT maswavlebelTa
damokidebulebis Sesaswavlad. TiToeul SekiTxvas oTxi alternatiuli pasuxi aqvs.
TiToeuli Sefasda axal meTodebTan maTi Sesabamisobis safuZvelze 0-3 quliT.
saSualo qulobrivi maCveneblis gamosaTvlelad qulebi Sejamda TiToeuli
maswavleblisaTvis da gaiyo SekiTxvebis raodenobaze. amgvarad ganisazRvra
maswavleblebis mier swavlis da swavlebis axali meTodebis da Sefasebis formebis
gamoyenebis sixSire.
konkretul SekiTxvaze Sedarebebi da analizis Sedegebi warmodgenilia
cxrilebSi. monacemTa analizi ar Catarebula genderuli niSniT, mamrobiTi sqesis
maswavlebelTa dabali proporciis gaTvaliswinebiT.
Sefasebisas ganvsazRvreT sxvadasxva zRvari skolebis kontigentTan
mimarTebaSi realuri statistikuri Sedarebis da dabal Tu maRalkontigentiani
skolebis maCveneblis gansasazRvrad. analizisas skola 100 moswavliT iTvleba
mcirekontigentian skolad, xolo 555-750 moswavliT maRalkontigentian skolad.
ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemebis monacemTa bazis mixedviT, skolebi 555
moswavliT Seadgenda yvela skolebis 75%-s. skola mocemuli maCvenebeliT mravali
qveynebis standartebis mixedviT ar ganixileba, rogorc maRalkontigentiani. amitom,
750 ganisazRvra im raodenobad, romlis SemTxvevaSic sxva qveynebSi mizanSewonilad
miiCneven administraciul struqturebSi cvlilebebis ganxorcielebis saWiroebas.
kiTxvarebi SesaZleblobas aZlevda respodent maswavleblebs aerCiaT
specializaciis erTze meti sagani, magram es SemTxveva mxolod ramdenimejer
dafiqsirda. statistikurma testma (klimovi, smirnovi) cxadyo, rom ar arsebobs
statistikurad mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba maTematikis da sabunebismetyvelo
mecnierebebis maswavleblebis pasuxebs Soris, amitom mocemuli sagnebis
maswavleblebi gaerTianda erT kategoriaSi. sagnobrivi disci plinebis mixedviT
kategoriebis raodenobis Semcirebis mizniT, ganxorcielda Semdegi dajgufeba:
1) maTematika, sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi da kompiuteruli mecnierebebi; 2)
humanitaruli da socialuri mecnierebebi; 3) dawyebiTi klasebi. monacemTa Seyvanisas
35
daSvebuli Secdomebis gamo, sagnobrivi klasifikacia mxolod respodentebis
naxevarze naklebi raodenobisTvis moxerxda. SefasebisaTvis gansazRvruli mcire
drois gamo xarvezebis Sesworeba ver moxerxda.
angariSSi gamoyenebulia perioduli aTwiladebis sistema, romliTac
xelmZRvanelobs msoflio banki angariSebis momzadebisas.
2.5 monacemTa bazebis aRweriloba
mocemuli qveTavi warmoadgens SerCeuli respodentebis kategoriebis ZiriTad

aRwerilobas erovnuli masStabiT Sewonvamde da Sewonvis Semdeg, gamonakliss
warmoadgens konfliqturi zonebi da eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebuli regionebi.
monacemTa analizisas aRmoCenili TiTqmis yvela statistikurad mniSvnelovani
kavSiri, romelic warmodgenilia qveTavebSi sami da oTxi, emsaxureba SekiTxvebis da
punqtebis sandoobis gazrdas.
2.5.1 skolebis SemTxveviT SerCeviTi modelis aRweriloba
SerCeuli skolebis modeli aerTainebs 105 skolas. cxrilSi 2.1-2.4 warmodgenilia

skolebi adgilmdebareobis mixedviT Sewonvamde da Sewonvis Semdeg. SerCeuli
skolebis modeli moicavs ufro metad qalaqis da soflis da naklebad mTiani
regionebis skolebs. 29 skola konsolidirebulia ZiriTadad administraciuli gziT,
26 ki iRebs saxelmwifo subsidias.
cxrili 2.1 skolis ti pi
skolis tipi sixSire (Seuwonavi) Sewonili (%)
qalaqis 42 29
soflis 42 43
maRalmTiani 20 28
cxrili 2.2 skolebis konsolidacia
skolebis konsolidacia sixSire (Seuwonavi) Sewonili(%)
diax 29 20
ara 72 79
36
cxrili 2.3 fizikuri da administraciuli konsolidacia
konsolidaciis tipi sixSire (Seuwonavi) Sewonili (%)
fizikuri konsolidacia 7 22
administraciuli konsolidacia 23 74
fizikuri da admnistraciuli 1 3
arakonsolidirebuli 70
cxrili 2.4 dafinanseba mcirekontigentiani skolebisaTvis
mcirekontigentiani skolis subsidia sixSire (Seuwonavi) Sewonili (%)
diax 26 31
ara 78 69
2.5.2 respodenti maswavleblebis SerCeviTi modelis aRweriloba
respodenti maswavleblebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia mdedrobiTi sqesiT da

saSualod 31-60 asakobrivi jgufiT. umravlesobas gaaCnia 10 welze meti pedagogiuri
gamocdileba da samuSao klasebis sidide Seadgens 25 moswavles. respodenti
maswavleblebi sxvadasxva sagnobrivi specializaciis arian da ZiriTadad muSaoben
moswavleebis sxvadasxva asakobriv jgufebTan. ixileT, cxrili 2.5-2.10.
cxrili 2.5 miuTiTeT Tqveni sqesi
sqesi sixSire Sewonili (%)

mamrobiTi 201 16
mdedrobiTi 1,082 84
cxrili 2.6 Tqveni asakobrivi jgufi?
sixSire Sewonili (%)

30 186 12
31-40 329 23
41-50 396 30
51-60 303 22
61 200 13
cxrili 2.7 saSualo ganaTlebis romel safexurze muSaobT?
dawyebiTi 68 4
saSualo 1,285 92
profesiuli ganaTleba 71 4
37
cxrili 2.8 ramdeni wlis pedagogiuri gamocdileba gaqvT?
0-5 191 12
6-10 169 12
11-20 402 28
21 weli 644 48
cxrili 2.9 romel sagnebs aswavliT?
maTematika 96 9
sabunebismetyvelo 263 22
humanitaruli 332 30
socialuri mecnierebebi 152 13
sainformacio teqnologiebi 81 6
dawyebiTi klasebi 207 17
sxva 24 4
cxrili 2.10 daaxloebiT ra sididis klasebs aswavliT?
15 an naklebi 577 32
16-24 574 44
25-29 308 26
30-34 116 10
35-39 44 04
40 an meti 18 01
cxrili 2.11 romel klasebs aswavliT?
1-4 427 29
5-6 653 44
7-9 907 62
10-12 619 44
38
2.6 kvlevis masStabebi
angariSi da monacemTa moZieba masStaburi iyo, Tumca kvlevam moicva mxolod

qarTulenovani skolebi, konfliqtur zonebisa da eTnikuri umciresobebiT
dasaxlebuli regionebis skolebis mdgomareoba gaTvaliswinebuli ar yofila.
treningebis analizisas ar aris gansazRvruli TiToeul respodentze mocemuli
intervenciis gavlenis done, rac efuZneba Semdeg informacias 1) skolam miiRo Tu
ara kompiuterebi, an Cautarda Tu ara treningebi; an 2) respodenti maswavleblis
angariSi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad iyo CarTuli am programis treningSi. amgvari
angariSi SeiZleba naklebad sando iyos.
da bolos, erT-erTi problema kvlevis momzadebisa da ganxorcielebisaTvis
gansazRvruli mokle vada (saswavlo wlis bolo) iyo. rigi SekiTxvebis formulireba
ukeTesad ganxorcieldeboda meti drois an pilotirebisaTvis sakmarisi vadebis
SemTxvevaSi. amasTanave, umjobesi iqneboda, Tu xarisxobrivi da raodenobrivi
monacemebis Segrovebis procesebs Soris Sesabamisi intervali iqneboda. angariSis
bolo qveTavSi warmodgenilia rekomendaciebi damatebiTi kvlevebis Catarebis
Sesaxeb mocemuli aRmoCenebis ukeTesad gacnobierebis mizniT.
39
3.0 Sedegebi: saswavlo garemo
mocemul qveTavSi warmodgenilia ori erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxi _
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebi da treningebi axali saswavlo
gegmis farglebSi. agreTve, axali saswavlo gegmis farglebSi da Sefasebis procesSi
ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebi. mocemulia axali saswavlo gegmis mokle aRwera da
Zvel saswavlo gegmasTan mimarTeba. meore qveTavi moicavs reformis procesebis
mimoxilvas skolis fizikur da socialur konteqstSi da informacias zogadi
ganaTlebis miznebis misaRwevad masalebiT uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb.
3.1 erovnuli saswavlo gegmis CarCo, saxelmwifo miznebi da Sedegebi
am qveTavSi ganxilulia, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba axali erovnuli saswavlo

gegma saxelmwifo miznebs Zvel saswavlo gegmasTan da tradiciulad damkvidrebul
meTodebTan SedarebiT. SefasebaSi es sakiTxi ganxilulia aqtiuri swavlebis
meTodebis gamoyenebis Seswavlis doneze da ara calkeul saganSi saswavlo programis
ganxorcielebis magaliTze. kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli informacia cxadyofs,
rom moswavleebis swavlis Sedegebi mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda axali saswavlo
programebis danergvis Sedegad ukanaskneli ori wlis ganmavlobaSi. miuxedavad
amisa, Sefasebis jgufi mizanSewonilad miiCnevs ufro siRrmiseuli kvlevis Catarebas
saboloo daskvnis gasakeTeblad.
saministros mimarTuleba Seesabameba saerTaSoriso literaturas swavlis
da swavlebis procesis efeqturad ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb. PIRLS-is monacemebze
dayrdnobiT aRniSneba kiTxvis unar-CvevebSi qulobrivi zrda, rac aSkarad ar
vrceldeba sxva SemTxvevebze. aRniSnuli monacemebi ar iyo xelmisawvdomi mocemuli
Sefasebis gansaxorcieleblad.
respodent maswavlebelTa (maswavlebelTa kiTxvarebi) da mSoblebis (sameurveo
sabWoebTan fokusjgufebi) azriT, reformis iniciativebis ganxorcielebis Sedegad
amaRlda moswavleebis swavlis done. maswavleblebis 87% eTanxmeba, rom moswavleebis
swavlis done gaumjobesda swavlebis axali meTodebis gamoyenebis Sedegad.
miuxedavad amisa, pasuxebis umravlesoba ar aris ,,sruliad veTanxmebi”.
cxrili 3.1 meTodebi, romelsac gavecani maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis

programis farglebSi damexmara moswavleebis swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebaSi.
95 % sandoobis intervali
pasuxi gansazRvruli procenti
qveda zRvari zeda zRvari
mTlianad ar veTanxmebi 5 2 7
ar veTanxmebi 9 6 11
veTanxmebi 72 67 77
mTlianad veTanxmebi 15 10 20
sul 100
40
cxrili 3-2 meTodebi, romelsac gavecani maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
programis farglebSi damexmara moswavleebis swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebaSi..
sruliad ar sruliad χ2
respodentis kategoria veTanxmebi veTanxmebi albaToba
ar veTanxmebi veTanxmebi cvladi
qalaqis skola 4 9 71 15
0.74 0.90
soflis skola 5 8 72 14
maRalmTiani raioni 3 7 78 13
0.62 0.640
aramaRalmTiani raioni 5 9 72 15
qalaqis skola
4 9 72 15
soflis, magram aramaRalmTiani raonis
skola 5.04 0.645
maRalmTiani raionis skola 9 6 72 13

axali saswavlo gegmis sapilote skola 4 2 87 7
axali saswavlo gegmis arasapilote 3.31 0.208
skola 5 9 71 15
skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa 14

profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebSi 5 9 72
16
CarTuli skola
1.65 0.776
skolas ar miuRia monawileoba
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis 4 8 72 16
treningebSi
axali saswavlo gegmis sapilote an
maswavlebelTa profesiuli 6 9 72 14
ganviTarebis treningebSi CarTuli skola
1.96 0.74
arasapilote skola an skolas ar miuRia
monawileoba maswavlebelTa profesiuli 3 8 72 16
ganviTarebis treningebSi
40 an naklebi asakis 1 8 73
18
10.76 0.067
13
41 an meti 6 9 72
50 an naklebi asakis 4 8 70
18
8.38 0.120
10
51 an meti 6 9 75
10 an naklebi swavlebis gamocdileba 1 10 72

17
6.46 0.229
14
11 an meti swavlebis gamocdileba 6 8 72
saSualo an orive 3 7 73
17
1.57 0.704
14
dawyebiTi safexuris mxolod 5 9 72
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba 12
5 12 70
klasebis did nawilSi/yvela klasSi
6.40 0.249
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba
4 7 76 16
iSviaTad an arasdros
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba 12
5 12 70
saSualod, an mcired
12.74 0.119
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebis
4 5 74 18
maRali maCvenebeli

41
respodent maswavlebelTa azriT, axali meTodikis Sedegad moswavleebi swavlis
da swavlebis procesSi ufro metad arian CarTulebi. maswavleblebis 71% Tvlis,
rom moswavleebis ufro metad arian CarTulebi gakveTilis procesSi; 18% sruliad
eTanxmeba da 10% ar eTanxmeba am mosazrebas. (ixileT, cxrili).
cxrili 3-3: moswavleebi metad arian CarTulebi gakveTilis procesSi im

meTodikis daxmarebiT, romelsac maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programis
farglebSi gavecani
pasuxi gansazRvruli procenti zeda zRvari
qveda zRvari
veTanxmebi 71 67 76
sul 100
42
cxrili 3-4: moswavleebi metad arian CarTulebi gakveTilis procesSi im
meTodikis daxmarebiT, romelsac maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programis
farglebSi gavecani
mTlianad
ar mTlianad
respodentis kategoria ar veTanxmebi χ2 cvladi albaToba
veTanxmebi veTanxmebi
veTanxmebi
13.85 0.042
1.52 0.414
qalaqis skola
2 5 71 21
soflis, magram aramaRalmTiani raonis
skola 15.15 0.269
axali saswavlo gegmis arasapilote 6.17 0.060
2 8 72 18
skola
skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa
profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebSi 3 9 72
CarTuli skola 16
3.16 0.413
skolas ar miuRia monawileoba 21
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis 2 7 71
treningebSi

maswavlebelTa profesiuli 3 9 71 17
1.78 0.597
40 an naklebi asakis 1 7 69 23
8.07 0.150
41 an meti 3 9 73 16
50 an naklebi asakis 2 10 67 21
17.20 0.002
51 an meti 3 4 80 13
10 an naklebi swavlebis gamocdileba 1 6 68 25

6.64 0.196
11 an meti swavlebis gamocdileba 3 9 72 16
saSualo an orive 2 9 73 16
0.72 0.893
dawyebiTi safexuris mxolod 2 8 71 19
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba 3 12 70 16

5.84 0.244

saSualod, an mcired
7.57 0.243
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebis 2 5 71 22
maRali maCvenebeli

43
mSoblebis azriT, moswavleebi ufro metad arian motivirebulebi da maTi swavlis
Sedegic gaumjobesda. maswavlebelTa kiTxvarebiT miRebuli pasuxebi amyarebs am
mosazrebas. maswavleblebis umravlesoba (81%) Tvlis, rom moswavleebis swavlis
Sedegebi gaumjobesda ukanaskneli ori wlis ganmavlobaSi axali saswavlo gegmis
Sedegad. pasuxebi ar gansxvavdeba skolis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT. respodenti
maswavleblebi axali saswavlo gegmis sapilote skolebidan SedarebiT pozitiurad
afaseben swavlis SedegebSi momxdar cvlilebebs, vidre arasapilote skolebis
warmomadgenlebi. maSin rodesac, mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba ar
aqvT im maswavlebelebs romlebic monawileobdnen da maT, vinc ar monawileobdnen
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programaSi.
cxrili 3-5 bolo 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi gaumjobesda swavlis Sedegebi axali

saswavlo gegmis ganxorcielebis Sedegad
diax 81 77 84
ara 9 6 13
ar vici 10 7 13
sul 100
44
cxrili 3-6: bolo 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi gaumjobesda swavlis Sedegebi axali
saswavlo gegmis ganxorcielebis Sedegad
t an χ2
respodentis kategoria diax% kvadratis albaToba
cvladi
qalaqis skola 90
0.17 0.764
soflis skola 89
maRalmTiani raioni 93
0.37 0.420
aramaRalmTiani raioni 89
qalaqis skola
90
soflis, magram aramaRalmTiani raonis skola
0.22 0.912
soflis skola 90
maRalmTiani raionis skola 88
axali saswavlo gegmis sapilote skola 99

2.26 0.004
axali saswavlo gegmis arasapilote skola 89
axali saswavlo gegmis sapilote an maswavlebelTa 90

profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebSi CarTuli skola
0.00 0.959
arasapilote skola an skolas ar miuRia monawileoba
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebSi 90
40 an naklebi asakis 90
0.10 0.852
41 an meti 89
0.90 0.584
51 an meti 88
10 an naklebi swavlebis gamocdileba 90

0.05 0.895
11 an meti swavlebis gamocdileba 89
dawyebiTi safexuri smaswavlebeli 89

1.15 0.344
saSualo an orive 92
mecnierebebi/maTematika 91
humanitaruli 92 0.19 0.871
dawyebiTi 93
axali saswavlo gegmis ganxorcielebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia mcirekontigentiani,

gansakuTrebiT maRalmTiani skolebis specifika. maTi konsolidaciis albaToba
mcirea. axali saswavlo gegma iTvaliswinebs saswavlo programis ganxorcielebas
wlebis mixedviT da ara fazuri saswavlo programis saxiT. mcirekontigentiani,
gansakuTrebiT maRalmTiani raionebis skolebisaTvis mizanSewonilia fazuri
saswavlo gegmis ganxorcieleba, ramdenime klasSi yovelwliurad da sxvadasxva
klasebis swavleba erTi saklaso oTaxis garemoSi. es princi pi rig SemTxvevebSi
SeiZleba gamoiyenon,rogorc konsolidaciis alternatiuli varianti. (konsolidaciis
sakiTxi farTod aris ganxiluli qveTavSi 4). miuxedavad imisa,rom erovnuli saswavlo
gegmebis da Sefasebis centris direqtori aRniSnavs,rom axali saswavlo gegma moqnilia
45
mcirekontigentian skolebTan mimarTebaSi, zogadad es alternatiuli varianti
saqarTvelos skolebisaTvis ar ganixileba. zogierTi skola amerikis SeerTebul
StatebSi da rigi ganviTarebadi qveynebi mimarTavdnen ,,fazuri” saswavlo gegmis
gamoyenebas saswavlo gegmis mravalferovnebis da moqnilobis uzrunvelsayofad.
specialuri swavlebis kursis SemoTavazebis magivrad semestrulad, an yovelwliurad,
saswavlo kursebi moswavleebis mcire raodenobisaTvis SesaZloa daigegmos yovel
or weliwadSi. meore princi pi aris mcirekontigentiani skolebisaTvis erTi
sagnobrivi specializaciis maswavleblebis (xSir SemTxvevaSi musikis, fizikis,
qimiis maswavleblebi da a.S) gaziareba. es SesaZloa gamoiyenon sameurveo sabWoebma,
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebma, erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa da Sefasebis centrma
da saministrom.
amasTanave,zogierTi maswavleblis da mSoblis azriT, is faqti, rom maRal klasebSi
moswavleebi mxolod erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Casabareblad swavloben, cudi
tendenciaa. am problemis gadaWra SesaZlebelia, Tu akademiuri miRwevis saSualo
maCvenebeli, an akademiuri miRwevis sxva zogadi indikatori ganisazRreba misaRebi
gamocdis Casabarebel aucilebel moTxovnad. SesaZloa, saministrom moisurvos am
princi pis danergva.
3.2 maswavleblebis treningebi da profesiuli ganviTareba
es punqti warmogidgenT, Tu ramdenad uwyobs xels Catarebuli treningebi

maswavleblebs efeqturi swavlis da swavlebis garemos SeqmnaSi. qvemoT mocemuli
axali saswavlo gegmis ganxilva or mizans emsaxureba: 1) axali saswavlo
gegmis gansaxorcieleblad erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria maswavleblebis
damokidebuleba da maTi mzadyofna da 2) axali saswavlo gegmis mTavari mizania
rogorc sagnobrivi swavlebis meTodikis Secvla, aseve saswavlo masalis konteqsturi
cvlilebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom monacemTa analizis ganxorcielebisas Sefasebis
jgufma scada, ganecalkevebina maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis da axali
saswavlo gegmis treningebis gavlena, zogierTi SekiTxva mocemuli diferenciaciis
saSualebas ar iZleva. rekomendaciebi yvela qvepunqtze warmodgenilia aRniSnuli
punqtis bolos.
3.2.1 treningebis Sesabamisoba da gavlena
kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebis safuZvelze ganxilulia treningebis

Sedegebi. vinaidan, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebisa da saswavlo gegmebis
maswavlebelTa treningebis gavlenis maCvenebeli xSir SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTs
emTxveva, maTi analizic erTad aris warmodgenili. skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa
profesiuli ganviTarebis, axali saswavlo gegmis da proeqt ,,irmis naxtomis”
farglebSi ganxorcielebuli treningebi ganxilulia Sesaval nawilSi.
3.2.1.1 treningebis Sesabamisoba
es qvepunqti ganixilavs, Tu ramdenad efeqturia treningebi aqtiur swavlebaSi

cvlilebebis gansaxorcieleblad. amis dasadgenad, pirvel rigSi aucilebelia
maswavleblTa pasuxebis Seswavla, kiTxvaze “TvliT Tu ara Tavs treningebis Semdeg
46
saTanadod momzadebulad”. kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, maswavlebelTa umravlesoba
ukmayofiloa aqtiuri swavlebis da axali saswavlo gegmis farglebSi swavlebis
procesis Sesaxeb miwodebuli magaliTebiTa da modelebiT.
fokus-jgufebis ganxilvisas, axali saswavlo gegmis treningebSi monawile
maswavleblebma xazgasmiT aRniSnes mocemuli treningebis maRali profesionaluri
done. treningebSi monawile maswavleblebi gamoxataven motivacias da dainteresebas
gauziaron praqtikuli samuSaos warmatebuli Sedegebi sxva maswavleblebs.
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom Sefasebas treningebSi monawile maswavleblebi
(sapilote skolebidan) amzadebdnen, SesaZloa, rom sxva maswavlebleblebma negatiuri
damokidebulebis ubralod ar gamoxates.
skolis bazaze profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebSi monawileobasTan
dakavSirebiT maswavlebelTa pasuxebis analizisas, aRsaniSnavia ori gaurkvevloba:
1) kiTxvaze – romel treningSi miiRes monawileoba – maswavleblebi ver axerxeben
sxadasxva treningebis gansxvavebas; an 2) naklebad aqvT uaryofiTi pasuxis
dafiqsirebis gamocdileba. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac maswavleblebs aqvT kiTxvarebTan
muSaobis gamocdileba, SekiTxva pasuxis gareSe ar ganixileba. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
maswavleblebs kiTxvarebTan muSaobis mcire gamocdileba aqvT,upasuxod datovebuli
SekiTxva, SesaZloa ganvixiloT, rogorc uaryofiTi pasuxi. Tu aRniSnuli respodenti
maswavleblebis SemTxvevas ganvixilavT rogorc uaryofiT pasuxs, miviRebT, rom
maswavlebelTa mxolod 44%-ma miiRo monawileoba treningebSi, dawyebiTi safexuris
maswavleblebis dabali procentuli maCvenebliT. Tu, im respodent maswavleblebs
gamovricxavT, romlebsac pasuxi ar gauciaT am SekiTxvaze, mniSvnelovnad (61%-mde)
gaizrdeba treningebSi monawile maswavleblebis procentuli maCvenebeli.
1. cxrili 3-7: aRniSneT, Tu migiRiaT monawileoba qvemoT warmodgenil romelime treningSi

bolo eqvsi wlis ganmavlobaSi:
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebi ganxorcielebuli

ganaTlebis saministros mier (SekiTxva pasuxis gareSe ganxilulia, rogorc pasuxi
,,ara”)
diax 44 38 50
ara 56 50 62
sul 100
47
ganaTlebis saministros mier (SekiTxva pasuxis gareSe ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli)
Pasuxi gansazRvruli procenti
diax 61 55 66
ara 39 34 45
sul 100

ganaTlebis saministros mier (SekiTxva pasuxis gareSe ganxilulia, rogorc pasuxi
,,ara”)
respodentis kategoria diax ara xi-kvadrati albaToba
soflis skola 42 58
2.56 0.322
qalaqis skola 46 54
maRalmTiani raioni 49 51
0.86 0.592
aramaRalmTiani raioni 44 56
soflis skola 41 59
qalaqis skola 45 55 5.20 0.372
maRalmTiani raionis skola 50 50
skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebSi

42 58
CarTuli skola
2.54 0.453
skolas ar miuRia monawileoba maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
46 54
treningebSi
dawyebiTi safexuris maswavlebeli 42 58

10.89 0.0006
saSualo an orive 53 47
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba klasebis umetes nawilSi an

43 57
mudmivad
4.80 0.121
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba iSviaTad an arasdros 51 49
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba saSualod an mcired

47 53
3.57 0.023
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebis maRali maCvenebeli 55 45
48
ganaTlebis saministros mier (SekiTxva pasuxis gareSe ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli)
respodentis kategoria diax ara xi-kvadrati albaToba
soflis skola 62 38
0.362 0.530
qalaqis skola 60 41
maRalmTiani raioni 60 40
1.80 0.371
aramaRalmTiani raioni 69 31
soflis skola 59 41
qalaqis skola 64 36 2.47 0.404
maRalmTiani raionis skola 60 40

skolis-bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebSi
57 43
CarTuli skola 9.01 0.111
skolas ar miuRia monawileoba maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
66 34
treningebSi
dawyebiTi safexuris maswavlebeli 58 42
12.77 0.005
saSualo an orive 71 29
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba klasebis umetes nawilSi/
62 38
yvela klasSi 2.59 0.234
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba iSviaTad an arasdros 56 44
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba saSualod an iSviaTad
51 49
3.06 0.043
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebis maRali maCvenebeli 58 42
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris mier mowodebuli informaciis

mixedviT, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebi ar ganxorcielebula
samcxe-javaxeTis regionSi. im droisaTvis, rodesac treningebis dagegmili iyo
regionis masStabiT, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebis formati
Seicvala da axali meTodologiis da princi pebis integracia axali saswavlo
gegmis treningebma SeiTavsa. garda aRniSnuli SemTxvevisa, treningebi Tanabrad
gadanawilda sxvadasxva regionebsa da skolebs Soris.
zogadsaganmanaTleblo sistemis sabaziso kvlevis mixedviT, maswavleblebi

wlebis ganmavlobaSi moklebuli iyvnen profesiuli ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebs,
rac aisaxa swavlebis tradiciul, didaqtikur praqtikaSi. problemis mosagvareblad
muSaoba reformis farglebSi saxelmwifo doneze organizebuli treningebiT daiwyo.
miuxedavad amisa, mimdinare etapze respodenti maswavleblebis daaxloebiT naxevari
miiCnevs,rom aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis praqtikaSi damkvidrebisas erT-erTi udidesi
sirTule Tanamedrove meTodikis Sesaxeb treningebis simcirea. maswavlebleblTa
umravlesoba, romelic miuTiTebs arasakmarisi treningebis problemaze, qalaqis
skolebs (axali saswavlo gegmis treningebSi CarTuli skolebi) warmodgenen da
ZiriTadad dawyebiTi skolis safexurze muSaoben. amis miuxedavad, damokidebuleba
treningebis adeqvaturobis mimarT umniSvnelod gansxvavdeba axali saswavlo
programis treningebSi monawile Tu skolis bazaze profesiuli ganviTarebis
treningebSi monawileobe maswavleblebs Soris. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom reformis
farglebSi Catarebuli da mimdinare treningebi emsaxureba im mniSvnelovani

49
danaklisis Sevsebas _ xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi treningebis ararsebobas.
amgvarad SeiZleba aixsnas treningebis raodenobis/moculobis Sesaxeb respodenti
maswavleblebis Sefaseba.
cxrili 3-11. qvemoT CamoTvlil faqtorTagan romeli migaCniaT swavlebis

procesis xelisSemSlel pirobad? klasSi swavlebis axali meTodebis Sesaxeb
maswavlebelTa profesiuli treningebi arasakmarisia. (yvela maswavlebeli)
95% sandoobis intervali

ara 51 42 60
diax 49 40 58
sul 100
50
cxrili 3-12: klasSi swavlebis axali meTodebis Sesaxeb maswavlebelTa
profesiuli treningebi arasakmarisia.
Ti-testis
respodentebis kategoria diax cvladi
cvladi
qalaqis skola 58
2.83 0.013
soflis skola 39
0.48 0.638
aramaRalmTiani raionis soflis skola 39

-2.08 0.055
qalaqis skola 57
soflis skola 39
axali saswavlo gegmis sapilote skola 71

2.49 0.025
axali saswavlo gegmis arasapilote skola 48
skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebSi

53
CarTuli skola
1.59 0.134
skolas ar miuRia monawileoba maswavlebelTa profesiuli
44
axali saswavlo gegmis sapilote an maswavlebelTa profesiuli
54
ganviTarebis treningebSi CarTuli skola (training school)
ganviTarebis treningebSi CarTuli skola 1.94 0.134
arasapilote skola an skolas ar miuRia monawileoba maswavlebelTa
42
profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebSi
1.18 0.255
41 an meti 51
0.71 0.491
51 an meti 51
10 an naklebi swavlebis gamocdileba 47

0.96 0.353
11 an meti swavlebis gamocdileba 50
dawyebiTi safexuri 48
-0.16 0.878
saSualo an orive 49
dawyebiTi 65

51
cxrili 3-13: qvemoT CamoTvlil faqtorTagan romeli migaCniaT swavlebis
maswavlebelTa profesiuli treningebi arasakmarisia. (mxolod im respodentebis
pasuxebi, romlebic monawileobdnen skolis-bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli
ganviTArebis treningebSi)
95 % sandoobis koeficienti
Qqveda zRvari zeda zRvari
ara 48 36 59
diax 52 41 64
sul 100

maswavlebelTa profesiuli treningebi arasakmarisia. (mxolod im respodentebis
pasuxebi, romlebic monawileobdnen axali saswavlo gegmis treningebSi)
zeda zRvari qveda zRvari
ara 54 44 64
diax 46 36 56
Sul 100

maswavlebelTa profesiuli treningebi arasakmarisia (mxolod im respodentebis
pasuxebi, romlebic monawileobdnen axali saswavlo gegmis treningebSi)
respodentis kategoria diax Ti-cvladi albaToba
Aaxali saswavlo gegmis sapilote skola 68

3.73 0.074
Aarasapilote skola 45
treningebis ZiriTad Sesafasebel saSualebas sakuTari profesiuli ganviTarebisa

da codnis mimarT maswavlebelTa damokidebulebaa. reformis procesis miuxedavad,
maswavleblebis nawili kvlavac ar aris darwmunebuli sakuTari profesiuli
ganviTarebis da codnis progresSi. es daskvna maswavlebelTa kiTxvarSi warmodgenil
SekiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxebidan gamomdinareobs. respodenti maswavleblebis
naxevarze meti Tvlis, rom maTi profesiuli codnis done amaRlda ukanaskneli 5 wlis
ganmavlobaSi; xolo 42% ar eTanxmeba aRniSnul mosazrebas. samizne kategoriebs
Soris mniSvnelovani statistikuri gansxvaveba ar gamovlenila.
52
cxrili 3-16: gTxovT miuTiToT, ramdenad eTanxmebiT an ar eTanxmebiT TiToeul
mosazrebas: moswavleTa codnis done gaizarda bolo 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi
sruliad
ar sruliad Ti an χ2
respodentis kategoria ar
veTanxmebi
veTanxmebi
veTanxmebi cvladi
albaToba
veTanxmebi

8.15 0.155
axali saswavlo gegmis arasapilote skola 6 36 51 7
Skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli

6 37 51 6
4.64 0.554
skolas ar miuRia monawileoba maswavlebelTa
6 51 10
profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebSi 33

treningebSi CarTuli skola
4.83 0.514
mecnierebebi/maTematika 8 40 47 5
humanitaruli 8 35 48 9 5.134 0.597
dawyebiTi 4 37 48 11
mocemuli cxrili ar asaxavs respodentebis damokidebulebas romelime konkretul

treningis mimarT. Semdgom qveTavebSi mocemulia monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad
marTebuli iyo esa Tu is treningi, rogor icvleba maswavleblTa damokidebuleba
swavlebis da Sefasebis axali meTodebisadmi, sainformacio komunikaciebsa da
teqnologiebisadmi da rogor iyeneben maT swavlebis praqtikaSi.
3.2.2 maswavleblebis damokidebuleba swavlebis axali meTodebis

mimarT da maTi gamoyeneba
swavlebis meTodikaSi siaxleebis dasanergad Catarebulma treningebma xeli unda

Seuwyos maswavleblebs gaiazron axali meTodika da maTi gamoyenebis princi pebi.
swored axali meTodikisadmi maswavleblis damokidebuleba ganapirobebs mis farTo
da marTebul gamoyenebas praqtikaSi. daskvnebi qvepunqtebze mocemulia am punqtis
bolos.
3.2.2.1 swavlebis axali meTodebisadmi maswavleblebis damokidebuleba
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris da erovnuli saswavlo gegmis da

Sefasebis centris direqtorebi Tvlian,rom maswavleblebis garkveuli kategoriisaTvis
treningebi efeqturad Catarda. axali saswavlo gegma SedarebiT warmatebulad
ganxorcielda im skolebSi, romlebic maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
treningebSi iyvnen CarTulni. orive treningSi monawile skolebidan maswavleblTa
nawili ukeTesad icnobs axal principebs da saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli
saswavlo programebis ganxocielebisas axali meTodologias iyenebs.

53
kiTxvarebis da saklaso oTaxze dakvirvebis Sedegebma aCvena, rom maswavleblebi
iyeneben axal meTodikas da mzad arian siaxlebisaTvis. es maswavlebelTaA
profesiuli ganviTarebis intervenciebis mniSvnelovani warmatebis maCvenebelia.
amasTanave, maswavleblebis umravlesoba dadebiTad afasebs maswavlebelTa
profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebis Sedegad Seswavlil meTodikas da swavlebis
teqnikas. maswavleblebis 89% eTanxmeba mosazrebas, rom maswavlebelTa profesiuli
ganviTarebis treningebze warmodgenili meTodologia daexmara maT swavlebis
xarisxis amaRlebaSi. mniSvnelovani statistikuri gansxvaveba ar gamovlinda
sapilote da arasapilote skolebis maswavleblebs Soris. rogorc mosalodneli
iyo, maswavleblebi 50 wlis an meti asakobrivi jgufidan, naklebad pozitiurad
afaseben im cvlilebebs, romelic treningebis Sedegad Seswavlili meTodebis
praqtikuli gamoyenebis Sedegs warmoadgens. respodenti maswavleblebi, romlebic
xSirad iyeneben aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebs SedarebiT pozitiurad afaseben skolis-
bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebs, vidre maswavleblebi,
romlebic iSviaTad mimarTaven am meTodebis gamoyenebas.
54
cxrili 3-17: maswavleblebis mier skolis-bazaze profesiuli ganviTarebis
treningebis Sefasebis indeqsi
t an χ2
respodentebis kategoria saSualo kvadratis albaToba
cvladi
qalaqis skola 8.8
-1.02 0.324
soflis skola 9.1
maRalmTiani raioni 9.3

1.84 0.085
aramaRalmTiani raioni 8.9
qalaqis skola
8.8
soflis magram aramaRalmTiani raonis skola
9.1 1.04 0.313
soflis skola
maRalmTiani raionis skola 9.2
soflis ara maRalmTiani raionis skola 9.1

-0.21 *
axali saswavlo gegmis sapilote skola 9.2

0.53 0.603
axali saswavlo gegmis arasapilote skola 8.9
skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis 8.9

-1.03 0.321
skolas ar miuRia monawileoba maswavlebelTa profesiuli
ganviTarebis treningebSi 9.1
axali saswavlo gegmis sapilote an maswavlebelTa

8.9
ganviTarebis treningebSi CarTuli skola (training school) -0.93 0.367

9.1
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebSi
50 an naklebi 9.1
-1.94 0.071
51 an meti 8.7
10 an naklebi swavlebis gamocdileba 9.4

-2.7 0.017
11 an meti swavlebis gamocdileba 8.8
dawyebiTi safexuri 8.9

0.35 0.728
saSualo an orive 9.0
mecnierebebi/maTematika 9.0
-1.25 0.231
humanitaruli 8.8
55
cxrili 3-18: meTodebi, romlebsac gavecani maswavlebelTa profesiuli
ganviTarebis programis farglebSi, damexmara swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebaSi
gansazRvruli
pasuxi
procenti
veTanxmebi 71 64 78
sul 100
56
cxrili 3-19 meTodebi, romelsac gavecani maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
programis farglebSi damexmara, swavlebis da swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebaSi
mTlianad Ti an xi-
ar mTlianad
respodentebis kategoria ar veTanxmebi kvadratis albaToba
veTanxmebi cvladi
5.99 0.266
2.31 0.1596
qalaqis skola
3 9 67 20
maRalmTiani raonis skola
4 6 73 17 8.97 0.409
soflis skola

1.08 0.383
skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli 4 5 71 20

4.52 0.415
3 9 71 17
maswavlebelTa profesiuli
3 9 71 16
ganviTarebis treningebSi CarTuli skola )training
school)
5.08 0.373
arasapilote skola an skolas ar miuRia 4 5 71 21

monawileoba maswavlebelTa profesiuli
50 an naklebi 4 10 76 11
14.20 0.010
51 an meti 3 6 68 22

5.30 0.193
dawyebiTi safexuri smaswavlebeli 3 8 70 18

3.27 0.374
klasis zoma 25 an meti 2 9 71 17

2.60 0.443
klasis zoma 24-ze naklebi 4 7 71 19
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba klasebis 4 5 70 21

did nawilSi/yvela klasSi
24.12 0.003
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba iSviaTad
an arasdros 2 14 73 11
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba saSualod

4 6 67 23
an mcired
9.33 0.107
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebis maRali
2 8 75 15
maCvenebeli

57
maswavlebelTa #1 kiTxvarSi warmodgenilia eqvsi SekiTxva aqtiuri swavlebis
formebis Sesaxeb maswavlebelTa damokidebulebis Sesaswavlad. TiToeul SekiTxvaze
pasuxi mocemulia cxrilebis saxiT:
cxrili 3-20: sagakveTilo procesi yvelaze efeqturia, rodesac maswavlebeli

atarebs ZiriTadad leqciis ti pis gakveTils
veTanxmebi 21 15 27
sul 100
cxrili 3-21: rodesac moswavle davalebas damoukideblad asrulebs,maswavlebels

zustad SeuZlia gansazRvros misi codnis done
veTanxmebi 64 60 68
ar veTanxmebi 3 2 4
sul 100
cxrili 3-22: maswavleblebi gacilebiT met codnas floben, vidre moswavleebi,

amitom maswavleblebma moswavleebs unda miawodon mxolod informacia da faqtebi
veTanxmebi 50 45 54
sul 100
58
cxrili 3-23: gakveTilis mTavari Tema unda iyos problema, romelzec moswavles
advilad SeuZlia zusti da konkretuli pasuxi moZebna
veTanxmebi 67 64 70
sul 100
cxrili 3-24: moswavleebi xSirad aferxeben gakveTilebis msvlelobas, rodesac

gakveTilis Sesaxeb erTmaneTSi saubroben
veTanxmebi 35 30 40
sul 100
cxrili 3-25: maswavleblebis Sefaseba / SeniSvnebi moswavlis mier Sesrulebul

samuSaoze unda emsaxurebodes moswavlis motivaciis amaRlebas.
veTanxmebi 2 1 4
sul 100
59
maswavleblebi tradiciuli damokidebulebas yvelaze metad moswavleebTan
individualur muSaobasTan dakavSirebiT inarCuneben. kerZod, eTanxmebian mosazrebas,
rom gakveTilis mTavari Tema unda iyos problema, romelzec moswavles advilad
SeuZlia zusti da konkretuli pasuxis moZebna. maswavleblis funqciaa moswavleebis
swavlis donis asamaRleblad komentaris miwodeba. respodentebis pasuxebi swavlebis
didaqtikur meTodTan dakavSirebiT araTanabrad aris gadanawilebuli.
mocemuli eqvsi SekiTxvis safuZvelze indeqsis gansazRvris mizniT, maTi
axal meTodikasTan Sesabamisobis safuZvelze TiToeul SekiTxvas mieniWa
kodi 0-3. am SemTxvevaSi, yvela SekiTxvas mieniWa 0 qula sruli Sesabamisobis
uzrunvelsayofad. Sejamda qulebi TiToeuli maswavleblis kiTxvaridan da
gaiyo im SekiTxvebis raodenobaze, romelsac pasuxi gaeca. amgvarad gamoviTvaleT
calkeuli maswavleblisaTvis saSualo qula. SesaZlo saSualo qula 0-dan 3-mde
aris gansazRvruli, maRali qulebi miuTiTebs maswavleblis dadebiT ganwyobaze
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis mimarT. yvela maswavleblisaTvis saSualo qula
Seadgens 1.48-s.
60
cxrili 3-26: axali meTodebis gamoyenebasadmi maswavleblebis damokidebulebis
indeqsi
Ti an xi-
cvladi
qalaqis skola 1.49
0.83 0.421
soflis skola 1.46
maRalmTiani raioni
1.51
aramaRalmTiani raioni 0.40 0.698
aramaRalmTaiani raioni 1.47
urbanuli skola
1.49
1.51 -1.43 0.173
soflis skola
soflis aramaRalmTiani raionis skola 1.51

-1.36 *

-2.36 0.032
skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebSi 1.45

CarTuli skola
-1.38 0.187
skolas ar miuRia monawileoba maswavlebelTa profesiuli 1.50
40 wlis an naklebi 1.46

0.59 0.562
40 wlis an meti 1.48

-1.54 0.146

0.78 0.445
dawyebiTi safexuris smaswavlebeli 1.46

2.55 0.022
klasis zoma 25 an meti 1.48

-0.07 0.944
klasis zoma 24-ze naklebi 1.47
kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi maswavleblebis

damokidebuleba aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebisadmi mniSvnelovnad Seicvala.
sainteresoa, rom maswavleblebis damokidebuleba sapilote skolebSi SedarebiT
naklebi quliT aRiniSna, vidre arasapilote skolebSi (1.33 da 1.48). mniSvnelovani
statistikuri gansxvaveba ar gamovlinda maswavleblebs Soris,romlebsac CautardaT/
ar CautardaT skolis bazaze profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebi. dawyebiTi
safexuris maswavleblebs naklebad dadebiTi damokidebuleba aqvT aqtiuri swavlebis
meTodebis mimarT, vidre sabazo da saSualo safexuris maswavleblebs, an orives
erTad.

61
zogadad,maswavleblebi dadebiTad arian ganwyobili aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis
mimarT. maswavleblebis 56% SesaZleblad miiCnevs aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis
gamoyenebas klasSi. mniSvnelovani statistikuri gansxvaveba ar gamovlenila
qalaqis da soflis skolebs Soris. respodenti maswavleblebi 50 wlamde asakobrivi
jgufidan SedarebiT pozitiurad arian ganwyobili axali saswavlo gegmis mimarT,
vidre 50 wels gadacilebuli maswavleblebi. maswavlebelTa dadebiTi ganwyoba
axali meTodebis mimarT reformis procesebis efeqtur ganxorcilebaze miuTiTebs.
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebisas problema SeiZleba warmoiSvas, Tu
maswavleblebi miiCneven, rom swavlebis axali praqtika ar Seesabameba maTi sagnis
specifikas da saklaso oTaxis realobas. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT maswavlebelTa
kiTxvarSi mocemulia ori kiTxva: pirveli, ,,ramdenad SesaZlebelia axali saswavlo
gegmis farglebSi aqtiuri swavleba?” respodenti maswavleblebis 56% Tvlis, rom
aqtiuri swavleba srulad SeiZleba ganxorcieldes axali saswavlo gegmis farglebSi,
maSin rodesac 41% nawilobriv eTanxmeba mocemul mosazrebas. maswavleblebis
mxolod 3% Tvlis, rom aqtiuri swavleba SeuZlebelia axali saswavlo gegmis CarCos
mixedviT. sapilote skolebidan maswavleblebis 77% da 55% arasapilote skolebdan
aqtiuri swavlebis praqtikis ganxorcielebas SesaZleblad miiCnevs. maswavleblebis
pasuxebi ar gansxvavdeba zogadsaganmanaTleblo swavlebis safexurebis mixedviT.
cxrili 3-27: ramdenad SesaZlebelia axali saswavlo gegmis farglebSi aqtiuri swavleba?
95 % konfidencialurobis koeficienti
saerTod ar aris
3 1 5
SesaZlebeli
metnaklebad SesaZlebelia 41 35 46
SesaZlebelia 56 51 61
sul 100
62
cxrili 3-28: ramdenad SesaZlebelia axali saswavlo gegmis farglebSi aqtiuri
swavleba?
saerTod t an χ2
met-naklebad
respodentebis kategoria ar aris SesaZlebelia kvadratis albaToba
SesaZlebelia
SesaZlebeli cvladi
qalaqis skola 3 41 56
0.1 0.961
soflis skola 3 40 57
soflis ara maRalmTiani raionis skola 3 39 57

0.08 0.990
maRalmTiani raionis skola 3 39 58
qalaqis skola 3 39 57 0.24 0.993
axali saswavlo gegmis sapilote skola 6 17 77

6.63 0.124
axali saswavlo gegmis arasapilote skola 3 42 55

4 41 56
(training school)
1.55 0.511
arasapilote skola an skolas ar miuRia 2 40 57
50 wlis an naklebi 3 42 54
0.61 0.748
51 wlis an meti 3 40 57
11 wlis an meti samuSao gamocdileba 2 44 54

12.63 0.016
10 welze mcire samuSao gamocdileba 6 30 64
dawyebiTi safexuris maswavlebeli 4 40 56

3.18 0.336
klasis zoma 25 an meti 5 39 57

3.25 0.336
klasis zoma 24-ze naklebi 2 42 56
mecnierebebi/maTematika 1 43 56
humanitaruli mecnierebebi 2 44 54 8.67 0.161
dawyebiTi klasebi 4 27 69
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebi xSirad 3 36 62

gamoiyeneba praqtikaSi
2.72 0.614
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebi saSualod/
iSviaTad gamoiyeneba praqtikaSi 3 42 55

2 33 65
47.44 0.0003
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba 5 59 37

63
kiTxvarSi mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiTYdamatebiT erTi, SedarebiT
neitraluri kiTxva kvlavac aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis mimarT maswavleblebis
damokidebulebis Seswavlas iTvaliswinebda. ,,qvemoT CamoTvlili faqtorebidan
romeli migaCniaT swavlebis procesis xelisSemSlel pirobad? - swavlebis axali
meTodebi ar Seesabameba maswavlebelTa muSaobis praqtikas klasSi”. SekiTxvis am
saxiT formulirebisas, maswavlebelTa 44% daeTanxma mosazrebas. vinaidan, mocemul
SekiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxebis procentuli raodenoba ewinaaRmdegeba winamdebare
SekiTxvis pasuxebs, SesaZloa CaiTvalos, rom maswavlebelebis damokidebuleba
aqtiuri swavlebis formebis mimarT myarad ar aris Camoyalibebuli. amgvari damokidebuleba
damaxasiaTebelia reformis adreuli etapisaTvis da procesebis arastabilur
xasiaTze miuTiTebs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu damatebiTi saqmianoba da profesiuli
mxardaWera ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
cxrili 3-29: qvemoT CamoTvlili faqtorebidan romeli migaCniaT swavlebis

procesis xelisSemSlel pirobad? swavlebis axali meTodebi ar Seesabameba
maswavlebelTa muSaobis praqtikas klasSi
ara 56 50 61
diax 44 39 50
sul 100
3.2.2.2 meTodebis gamoyeneba
Sefasebis Sedegebis mixedviT da aseve erovnuli saswavlo gegmis da Sefasebis

centris informaciiT, maswavleblebi praqtikaSi garkveulwilad iyeneben
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebs, magram tradiciuli, pasiuri swavlebis meTodebi
kvlavac aqtualuria. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis da Sefasebis centris danergvis
koordinatorTan, q-n nana dalaqiSvilTan Sexvedrisas gairkva, rom axali meTodebis
efeqturi gamoyeneba saswavlo praqtikaSi mimdinare etapze iwyeba. amasTanave aRiniSna,
rom maswavleblebis didi nawili iyenebs axal meTodikas, Tumca ufro meqanikurad,
vidre gaazrebulad. amis naTeli magaliTia moswavleebis jgufuri muSaoba masalis
dasazepireblad, rac damkvidrebul tradiciul formas warmoadgens. es yvelaferi
damaxasiaTebelia reformis adreuli etapisaTvis da maswavlebelTa Sesabamisi
profesiuli momzadebis aucileblobaze miuTiTebs. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maswavleblebi
ver acnobiereben aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebis mniSvnelobas, rTulia
daarwmuno isini swavlebis amgvari formebis dadebiT mxareSi.
kiTxvarSi warmodgenilia SekiTxvebi respodenti maswavleblebis damokidebulebis
Sesaswavlad aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis mimarT. zogadad,maswavleblebi dadebiTad
arian ganwyobilni praqtikaSi aqtiuri swavlebis formebis gamoyenebisadmi.
respodenti maswavleblebis 98% sxvadasxva sixSiriT iyenebs aqtiuri swavlebis
meTodebs saklaso oTaxSi, Sesabamisi daskvna SesaZloa gakeTdes saklaso oTaxis
praqtikaze dakvirvebis safuZvelzec. maswavleblebis 30% mxolod zogierT klasSi
iyenebs aqtiuri swavlebis formas, 16% xSirad mimarTavs mocemul praqtikas da 52%
64
ki TiTqmis yvela klasSi. mniSvnelovani statistikuri gansxvaveba ar aRniSneba
sapilote da arasapilote skolebis respodenti maswavleblebis pasuxebs Soris.
rogorc mosalodneli iyo, 50 welze naklebi asakis maswavleblebi metad iyeneben
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebs, vidre ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis warmomadgenlebi.
dawyebiTi klasebis maswavleblebi SedarebiT xSirad sargebloben interaqtiuli
meTodologiiT praqtikaSi, vidre maTematikis, sabunebismetyvelo da humanitaruli
mecnierebebis maswavleblebi.
cxrili 3-30: ramden klasSi iyenebT aqtiuri swavlebis meTods?

95 %sandoobis intervali
arcerT klasSi 2 0 3
ramdenime klasSi 30 24 36
bevr klasSi 16 13 19
TiTqmis yvela klasSi 52 47 57
sul 100
65
cxrili 3-31: ramden klasSi iyenebT aqtiuri swavlebis meTods?
TiTqmis xi-
TiTqmis zogierT bevr
respodentebis kategoria yvela kvadratis albaToba
yvela klasSi klasSi klasSi
klasSi cvladi
18.13 0.007
maRalmTiani raioni
2 37 7 54
aramaRalmTaiani raioni 2 30 17 52
qalaqis skola
2 24 21 54
25.20 0.005
soflis aramaRalmTiani raionis skola 2 41 11 46
6.19
5.53 0.379
skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli
ganviTarebis treningebSi CarTuli skola 2 32 14 52
skolas ar miuRia monawileoba 3.14 0.518

treningebSi

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
treningebSi CarTuli skola 1 18 52
arasapilote skola an skolas ar miuRia 29
3.51 0.51 2
training school
3 14 52
arasapilote skola an skolas ar miuRia 31
40 wlis an naklebi 1 28 17 54
1.09 0.8596
40 wlis an meti 2 31 16 51
0.57 0.9099
51 wlis an meti 2 30 16 52
4.41 0.536
18.78 0.012
40 wlis an meti 0 30 27 43
klasis zoma: 25 an meti moswavle 2 33 11 53
22.51 0.0398
klasis zoma: 24-ze naklebi moswavle 1 24 25 51
humanitaruli mecnierebebi 3 31 15 51 11.57 0.283
dawyebiTi klasebi 2 30 5 62
3 35 17 45
iSviaTad gamoiyeneba praqtikaSi gamoiyeneba
19.28 0.033
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebi xSirad
0 23 17 59
66
maswavlebelTa kiTxvarSi warmodgenilia sakiTxebi, romlebic maswavleblebis
mier praqtikaSi konkretuli aqtiuri meTodebis gamoyenebis sixSireze gvawvdis
informacias. maswavlebelTa kiTxvarSi # 1 warmodgenilia SekiTxvis cxra sxvadasxva
varianti gakveTilis procesSi moswavleebis aqtiurobis Sesaxeb. mocemuli SekiTxvebi
ufro metad aris orientirebuli moswavlis aqtivobaze, vidre maswavleblis, rac
SedarebiT obieqtur pasuxebs ganapirobebs respodenti maswavleblebis mxridan.
mocemul SekiTxvebi sxvadasxva safexuris maswavleblebisaTvis aris SemuSavebuli,
amitom Sefasebis jgufma SeZlebisdagvarad martivad moaxdina maTi formulireba.
TiToeul SekiTxvas oTxi alternatiuli pasuxi aqvs. pasuxebis safuZvelze
gamoTvlili indeqsi warmodgenilia cxrilebSi.
cxrili 3-32: moswavleebi usmenen da iweren SeniSvnebs gakveTilis

msvlelobisas

iSviaTad an arasdros 13 9 16
TveSi 1-3 jer 55 50 61
xSirad 12 7 16
Zalian xSirad 20 18 23
sul 100
cxrili 3-33: moswavleebi aqtiurad monawileoben TanatolTa diskusiebsa da

debatebSi

TveSi 1-3 jer 12 9 14
xSirad 60 56 64
sul 100

67
cxrili 3-34: moswavleebi monawileoben proeqtebSi, romlebic erT dReze metxans
grZeldeba

TveSi 1-3 jer 15 13 18
xSirad 26 21 31
sul 100
cxrili 3-35: moswavle kiTxulobs Cumad

TveSi 1-3 jer 7 4 10
xSirad 56 49 63
sul 100
cxrili 3-36: moswavleebi muSaoben mcire jgufebSi

TveSi 1-3 jer 18 15 21
xSirad 58 54 63
sul 100
68
cxrili 3-37: moswavleebi awyoben saklaso prezentaciebs

TveSi 1-3 jer 29 25 33
xSirad 41 34 48
sul 100
cxrili 3-38: moswavleebi muSaoben problematur sakiTxebze

TveSi 1-3 jer 21 15 27
xSirad 50 44 56
sul 100
cxrili 3-39: moswavleebi monawileoben gakveTilis procesSi, sadac ZiriTadad

maswavlebeli saubrobs

TveSi 1-3 jer 9 6 11
xSirad 58 53 63
sul 100
69
cxrili 3-40: moswavleebi monawileoben mTeli klasis diskusiaSi, ZiriTadad
moswavleebi saubroben

TveSi 1-3 jer 15 13 18
xSirad 58 53 64
sul 100
SekiTxvebis mizani iyo erTiani indeqsis gamoTvla. TiToeul SekiTxvaze pasuxi

Sefasda qulobrivi maCvenebeliT 0-3 imisda mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Sesabamisia
mocemuli pasuxi axal meTodebTan. qulebi Sejamda ToToeuli kiTxvaris mixedviT
da gaiyo im kiTxvebis raodenobaze, romelsac maswavlebelma pasuxi gasca. maRali
qulobrivi maCvenebeli miuTiTebs, rom maswavlebeli praqtikaSi iyenebs aqtiuri
swavlebis meTodebs. yvela maswavleblisaTvis saSualo qula Seadgens 1.71-s (0.7-2.5-is
farglebSi) da standartuli gadaxra mxolod 0.28-s. aqedan gamomdinare maswavleblebi
axal meTodebs saSualod TveSi 1-3-jer an metjer iyeneben. erTaderTi gansxvaveba,
romelic maswavlebelTa pasuxebSi gamoikveTa (90% sandoobis doneze) warmoadgens
SedarebiT maRali qulebi maswavleblebisaTvis ramdenime wlis samuSao gamocdilebiT
da dabali qulebi maswavleblebisaTvis, romlebic didi zomis klasebTan muSaoben.
magram, mocemuli statistikuri gansxvaveba umniSvneloa. (ixileT, cxrili 3-41).
meti informaciis mosapoveblad, kvlevis farglebSi Catarda saklaso oTaxze
dakvirveba da erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa da Sefasebis centris mier Catarebuli
kvlevis angariSis (2005-2006 weli) Seswavla. qvemoT warmodgenilia centris
angariSis monacemebi axali meTodebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT da saklaso
oTaxze dakvirvebis Sedegebi.
erovnuli saswavlo centris angariSis mixedviT, maswavleblebi da moswavleebi
pozitiurad arian ganwyobili saskolo reformis procesebis mimarT da imedovneben,
rom reforma swavlis da swavlebis procesSi mraval saixles danergavs. kerZod,
gaumjobesdeba maswavleblis saxelmZRvaneloebi, moswavleebi iqnebian ufro metad
motivirebulebi, skolebi SedarebiT prestiJuli gaxdeba da a.S. miuxedavad amisa,
maswavleblebi da moswavleebi Tvlian, rom axali meTodebis SezRuduli gamoyeneba
praqtikaSi jer kidev mniSnelovani problemaa. maswavleblebis 48% da moswavleebis
36% Tvlis, rom swavlebis axali meTodika ar iTvaliswinebs TiToeuli sagnis
specifikas da gakveTilis miznebs.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis da Sefasebis centris mier mimdinare etapze Catarebuli
kvlevis Sedegebi miuTiTebs, rom Semcirda didaqtikuri da monologis tipis swavlebis
meTodebis gamoyeneba da garkveulwilad gaizarda swavlebis axali meTodebis gamoyeneba.
2006 wlis angariSis mixedviT, swavlebis didaqtikuri meTodiT Seswavlili klasebis
37% sargeblobda. ,,socialuri” meTodebi, anu sokratuli, praqtikaze orientirebuli
sagakveTilo procesi da damoukidebeli samuSao xorcieldeboda klasebis 17, 12, 11
da 10%-Si 2006 wlis monacemebiT. kvleva miuTiTebs aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis
gamoyenebis efeqturobis gaumjobebsebaze 2006 wels 2005 wlis SedegebTan SedarebiT.
70
cxrili 3-41: swavlebis axali meTodebis gamoyenebis sixSiris indeqsi
Ti an xi-
cvladi
qalaqis skola 1.69
-1.09 0.293
soflis skola 1.71
maRalmTiani raioni
1.72
aramaRalmTaiani raioni 1.70
qalaqis skola
1.69
1.72 1.20 0.247
soflis skola
soflis aramaRalmTiani raionis skola 1.72

1.12 0.281
skolis-bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis 1.69

-0.75 0.465
skolas ar miuRia monawileoba maswavlebelTa profesiuli 1.71
axali saswavlo gegmis sapilote an maswavlebelTa 1.74


1.12 0.281
ganviTarebis treningebSi CarTuli skola (training school) 1.70


0.53 0.605

1.80 0.092
dawyebiTi safexuris maswavlebeli 1.70

1.49 0.158
klasis zoma 25 an meti 1.72

-1.79 0.094
klasis zoma 24-ze naklebi 1.68
71
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, warmodgenili angariSebis mixedviT TiTqmis yvela
maswavlebeli iyenebs aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebs klasSi iSviaTad mainc, xolo 52%
respodenti maswavleblebisa _ TiTqmis yvela klasSi. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom
maswavleblebi SesaZloa azviadebnen meTodebis gamoyenebis sixSires. moswavleebis
gamokiTxva, erT-erTi saSualebaa maswavlebelTa pasuxebis sandoobis Sesamowmeblad,
rac am SemTxvevaSi ver ganxorcielda drois simciris gamo. amasTanave, mocemuli
martivi kiTxvebiT SeuZlebelia Sefasdes, Tu ramdenad efeqturad xorcieldeba
aqtiuri swavlebis procesi saklaso oTaxSi. Tumca, maswavlebelTa kiTxvaris
Sedegebi miuTiTebs respodenti maswavleblebis dadebiT damokidebulebaze aqtiuri
swavlebis meTodebis mimarT wina reformis periodTan SedarebiT.
kvlevisaTvis gansazRvruli dro ar gvaZlevda kadrebisaTvis treningebis Catarebis
saSualebas sagakveTilo procesze siRrmiseuli dakvirvebis gansaxorcieleblad.
erovnuli gegmebis da Sefasebis centris mier Catarebuli kvleva klasebis mcire
raodenobaze dakvirvebiT Semoifargla. amgvarad, ar gvaqvs ganzogadebis saSualebas.
amitom, mimdinare kvlevis farglebSi ganxorcielda 15 wuTiani dakvirveba saklaso
oTaxze, raTa mogveZiebina monacemebi saklaso oTaxis garemoze, damatebiT saswavlo
masalebze, saxelmZRvaneloebis xelmisawvdomobaze da a.S.. respodentTa pasuxebis
anonimurobis dacvis mizniT, saklaso oTaxze dakvirvebis monacemebi ar aris
dakavSirebuli respodenti maswavleblebis pasuxebTan da ar gamodgeba calkeuli
maswavleblisa Tu skolis Sesafaseblad.
saklaso oTaxze dakvirvebis forma moicavs moswavleebis 15 da maswavleblis
4 ti pis saqmianobas gakveTilis mimdinareobisas. amasTanave, saklaso oTaxis
organizaciuli mowyobis aRwerilobas. damkvirvebeli Semoxazavda Sesabamis punqts,
raTa daefiqsirebina esa Tu is moqmedeba saklaso oTaxSi. saklaso oTaxze dakvirvebis
formaSi gaerTianebulia 11 ti pis saqmianoba, romelic gulisxmobs swavlebis
tradiciuli meTodebis gamoyenebas da 12 ti pis saqmianoba, romelic Seesabameba
swavlebis axal meTodebs; erTic, neitraluri (moswavleebi weren tests).
saklaso oTaxze dakvirvebis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom aqtiuri swavlebis
meTodebis gamosayeneblad aqtivobis farTo speqtri. rac Seexeba saklaso oTaxis
mowyobas,klasebis mxolod 16% aris aqtiuri swavlebisaTvis saTanadod organizebuli.
kerZod, moswavleebi sxedan erTamaneTis pirispir, wreSi an naxevar wreSi.
cxrili: 3-42 saklaso oTaxis mowyoba
klasebis % 95 % sandoobis intervali

raodenoba
saklaso oTaxis mowyoba romelzec
dakvirveba qveda zRvari zeda zRvari
ganxorcielda
merxebi ganlagebulia rigebad (tradiciuli/

74 67 81
pasiuri)
skamebi/magidebi ganlagebulia wriulad
7 4 10
erTmaneTis pirispir (aqtiuri)
skamebi ganlagebulia didi magidis garSemo
3 1 6
erTmaneTis pirispir (aqtiuri)
skamebi ganlagebulia did wred an
6 1 10
rkaliseburi formiT (aqtiuri)
72
Sefasebis angariSSi warmodgenilia calke dajamebuli meTodebi da klasis mowyobis
formebi aqtiuri swavlebisaTvis da Sesabamisi indikatorebi pasiuri swavlebisaTvis.
saSualod maswavleblebi metad iyeneben pasiuri swavlebis formebs, vidre aqtiurs.
magram, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom saklaso oTaxebi tradiciuladaa mowyobili, maSin didi
gansxvaveba pasiur da aqtiur meTodebis gamoyenebas Soris ar arsebobs, radgan saklaso
oTaxis organizaciuli mowyoba ver uzrunvelyobs Sesabamis garemos. dakvirvebis Sedegebis
mixedviT, ar gamokveTila mkveTri Tanafardoba aqtiur da pasiur meTodebs Soris, garda
qvemoTmoyvanili ori garemoebisa: moswavleebi pasuxoben maswavleblis SekiTxvebs, Tu
ra mosazreba aqvT Seswavlili masalis Sesaxeb, rogor gaiazres masala, ra daimaxsovres
(0.48); maswavlebeli atarebs leqciis tipis gakveTils (wers dafaze an saubrobs) da svams
SekiTxvebs mocemul saganSi moswavleebis zogadi codnis Sesamowmeblad (0.33).
cxrili 3-43: moswavleebis saqmianoba gakveTilze
klasebis %
raodenoba
saqmianoba romelzec
ganxorcielda
24 14 33
moswavleebi jgufurad pasuxoben maswavleblis
SekiTxvebze / TiToeuli moswavle CarTulia
gakveTilis procesSi da mxolod gamoZaxebis 32 19 46
SemTxvevaSi pasuxoben maswavleblis SekiTxvebs
(tradiciuli/pasiuri)
moswavleebi usmenen gakveTils (tradiciuli/
14 9 18
pasiuri)
moswavleebi iweren SeniSvnebs gakveTilis
msvlelobisas, damoukideblad asruleben 21 9 33
praqtikul samuSaoebs. (tradiciuli/pasiuri)
individualurad, uxmaurod muSaoben (weren/
20 12 28
kiTxuloben) (tradiciuli/pasiuri)
gamoZaxebuli moswavle xmamaRla kiTxulobs
Sesabamis davalebas/teqsts. 25 16 34
moswavleebi teqstis damaxsovrebasTan
dakavSirebul SekiTxvebs scemen pasuxs 15 9 20
moswavleebi usvamen maswavlebels SekiTxvebs
sagakveTilo TematikasTan dakavSirebiT. 6 4 9
(aqtiuri)
moswavleebi weren tests. 39 9 60
moswavleebi muSaoben wyvilebad. (aqtiuri) 21 9 33
moswavleebi muSaoben jgufebad (3-8 moswavle
20 12 28
erTad. (aqtiuri)
teqstis azrobriv gagebasTan dakavSirebul
25 16 34
SekiTxvebs scemen pasuxs. (aqtiuri)
sruldeba saklaso TamaSebi (aqtiuri) 15 9 20
moswavleebi asruleben rolur TamaSebs.
6 4 9
(aqtiuri)
moswavle awyobs prezentacias/saubrobs mTeli
39 18 60
klasis winaSe. (aqtiuri)
N=484

73
cxrili 3-44: saklaso oTaxze dakvirvebisas dafiqsirebuli maswavleblis
aqtivobebi
klasebis %
raodenoba
saqmianoba romelzec
ganxorcielda
maswavlebeli atarebs leqciis ti pis
gakveTils (wers dafaze an laparakobs). 45 35 56
maswavlebeli amowmebs moswavleebis
samuSaos/saSinao davlebas sakuTar magidaze. 22 12 33
maswavlebeli amowmebs moswavleebis
samuSaos/saSinao davalebas maT merxebTan. 30 18 42
(aqtiuri)
xdeba eqsperimentebis demonstrireba.
86 82 95
(aqtiuri)
svams SekiTxvebs mocemul saganSi
moswavleebis zogadi codnis Sesamowmeblad. 82 73 91
(aqtiuri)
N=484
cxrili 3-45: aqtiuri da pasiuri swavlebis indikatorebis indeqsebi
klasebze dakvirvebis maswavleblebis %

maswavleblebis % maCvenebeli,
Sedegad gamovlenili maCvenebeli, romlebic
romlebic pasiuri swavlebis
pasiuri da aqtiuri aqtiuri swavlebis
meTodebiT sargebloben
indikatorebis meTodebiT sargebloben
indeqsebi indeqsis qula
indeqsis qula
0 9 11
1 2 15
2 9 18
3 17 21
4 25 14
5 15 14
6 12 4
7 9 3
8 1 0
9 0 0
10 0 0
sul 100 100
N=484
74
cxrilSi 3-46 warmodgenilia ,,sufTa/wminda” indeqsi, romelic Seadgens TiToeul
klasSi dakvirvebis Sedegad gamovlenili yvela aqtiuri indikatoris jams
gamoklebuli yvela, tradiciuli, pasiuri indikatori. saSualo qula Seadgens -
1.1-s, an 1.1. es niSnavs, rom pasiuri meTodebis gamoyenebis tendencia ufro Zlieria,
vidre aqtiurisa. maswavlebelTa sxvadasxva kategoriebis Sedareba miuTiTebs, rom
dawyebiTi safexuris da mTiani raionebis skolebis maswavlebelebi metad iyeneben
tradiciuli, pasiuri swavlebis meTodebs, vidre maswavleblebi sxva kategoriebidan
(ixileT, cxrili). am monacemebze dayrdnobiT SesaZloa ufro siRrmiseuli kvlevis
Catareba.
xrili 3-46: kombinirebuli aqtiuri meTodebis ,,sufTa” indeqsi

klasebze dakvirvebis Sedegad kombinirebuli aqtiuri meTodebis ,,sufTa~
gamovlenili pasiuri da aqtiuri indeqsi
indikatorebis indeqsebi (pasiuri meTodebis gamoklebiT)
-6 1
-5 1
-4 9
-3 13
-2 16
-1 18
0 22
1 9
2 4
3 1
4 1
5 2
6 0
Total 100
N=484
75
cxrili 3-47: kombinirebuli aqtiuri meTodebis ,,sufTa” indeqsi kategoriebis
mixedviT
Ti an χ2
respodentebis kategoria diax cvladi
albaToba
qalaqis skola -1.49

-1.09 0.292
soflis skola -0.94
aramaRalmTiani raionis skola -0.85

-2.23 0.041
maRalmTiani raionis skola -1.95
axali saswavlo gegmis sapilote skola -1.95

-0.35 0.733
axali saswavlo gegmis arasapilote skola -1.05
skolis-bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis -1.37

-0.77 0.451
skolas ar miuRia monawileoba maswavlebelTa profesiuli -0.99
axali saswavlo gegmis sapilote an maswavlebelTa
-1.40
-0.77 0.451
arasapilote skola an skolas ar miuRia monawileoba -0.99
saSualo an orive safexuri -0.81

-2.16 0.047
dawyebiTi safexuris maswavlebeli -1.38
maTematika, mecnierebebebi, sainformacio teqnologiebi -1.18
qaRtli ena an sxva enebi -1.31 0.82 0.426
istoria, socialuri mecnierebebi, xelovneba -0.77
skolis zoma _ mcirekontigentiani:<100 moswavle -1.54
skolis zoma - saSualo: 100-750 moswavle -0.90 0.82 0.424
skolis zoma maRalkontigentiani:>750 moswavle -1.46
skolis zoma < 555 -1.05

-0.23 0.822
skolis zoma > 555 -1.17
soflis, aramaRalmTiani -0.68
soflis, maRalmTiani -1.80
3.2.2 respodentebis mzaoba da damokidebuleba axali

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mimarT
zogadad, respodenti maswavleblebi da direqtorebi icnoben erovnul saswavlo
gegmas da dadebiTi damokidebuleba aqvT. isini gamoxataven mzaobas aswavlon
axali sagnobrivi programebi da Tvlian, rom es cvlilebebi saSualebas miscems
maswavleblebs imuSaon sxvadasxva donis moswavleebTan, xolo moswavleebs
damoukideblad Seasrulon samuSao. miuxedavad amisa,Sefasebis jgufi mizanSewonilad
miiCnevs maswavleblebisaTvis Sesabamisi treningebis ciklis organizebas.
76
gamokiTxuli maswavleblebi sapilote skolebidan icnoben saswavlo gegmas
da dadebiTad afaseben axal gegmasa da saxelmZRvaneloebs, Tumca arseboben
gamonaklisebic. maswavleblebi motivirebulia gauziaros axali saswavlo gegmis
warmatebuli praqtikis magaliTebi sxva maswavleblebs.
kiTxvarebiT miRebuli monacemebis Tanaxmad, respodent maswavleblebsa da
direqtorebs dadebiTi damokidebuleba aqvT axali saswavlo gegmisadmi. direqtorebis
97% dadebiTad afasebs axali saswavlo gegmas Zvel saswavlo gegmasTan SedarebiT.
maswavleblebis 70% Tvlis, rom axali saswavlo gegma ukeTesia aqtiuri swavlebis
dasanergad da kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis gansaviTareblad (ixileT,
cxrili 3-48).
cxrili 3-48: maswavleblebis damokidebuleba axali saswavlo gegmis mimarT

(yvela maswavlebeli)
axali ukeTesia 70 64 77
daaxloebiT erTi da igivea 16 12 21
Zveli ukeTesi iyo 13 10 16
sul 100
N=697
respodenti maswavleblebis SedarebiT maRali procentuli maCvenebeli soflis

da maRalmTiani raionebis skolebidan (72% da 83%) Tvlis, rom axali saswavlo gegma
ukeTesia amave mosazrebas iziarebs procentulad SedarebiT naklebi respodenti
qalaqis skolebidan (65%). mniSvnelovani statistikuri gansxvaveba ar gamokveTila
maswavleblebis damokidebulebaSi axali saswavlo gegmis mimarT, imisda mixedviT,
warmoadgendnen isini sapilote Tu arasapilote skolebs. saSualo skolis
maswavleblebs ufro dadebiTi damokidebuleba aqvT axali saswavlo gegmis mimarT,
vidre dawyebiTi klasebis maswavleblebs.
77
cxrili 3-49: maswavleblebis damokidebuleba axali saswavlo gegmisadmi
(kategoriebis mixedviT)
Zveli
axali daaxloebiT
respodentebis kategoria ukeTesi χ2 cvladi albaToba
ukeTesia erTi da igivea
iyo
9.80 0.016
maRalmTiani raioni
70 14 16
aramaRalmTaiani raioni 70 17 13
qalaqis skola
65 20 14
72 13 14 13.62 0.106
soflis skola

0.10 0.956
skolis-bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli 70 16 13

0.01 0.998
71 16 13
5.51 0.038
11.22 0.019

5.57 0.079
dawyebiTi safexuris maswavlebeli 68 18 14

9.83 0.027

56 24 20
31.96 0.002
77 13 10
iSviaTad gamoiyeneba praqtikaSi

6.54 0.057
75 14 11
78
respodenti maswavleblebi dadebiTad afaseben axali saswavlo gegmis struqturas.
TiTqmis yvela respodenti (81%) Tvlis, rom gegma Seesabameba swavlis da swavlebis
procesis saWiroebebs. dadebiTi pasuxebi SedarebiT dabalia (69%) axali saswavlo
gegmis konkretulobasTan dakavSirebiT. maswavleblebi, romlebic xSirad mimarTaven
swavlebis axali meTodebis gamoyenebas Tvlian, rom axali saswavlo gegma sakmarisad
konkretulia (75%). xolo, TiTqmis naxevari im respodenti maswavleblebisa (44%),
romelic ar iyenebs aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebs, axal saswavlo gegmas an Zalzed
bundovnad miiCnevs an zedmetad konkretulad. mosazrebebi axali saswavlo gegmis
bundovanebasa Tu konkretulobasTan dakavSirebiT Tanabradaa gayofili, anu am
mosazrebaTagan arcerTi ar dominirebs.
cxrili 3-50: axali saswavlo gegma Zalian bundovania, Zalian konkretulia Tu

Seefereba Tqvens moTxovnebs?

Zalian bundovania 17 13 20
konkretuli 14 10 18
moTxovnebis Sesabamisia 69 64 74
sul 100
Note: N=693
79
cxrili 3-51: saswavlo gegma Zalian bundovania, Zalian konkretulia Tu Seefereba
Tqvens moTxovnebs?
Zalian moTxovnebs χ2
respodentebis kategoria konkretuli albaToba
bundovania Seesabameba cvladi
1.1997 0.651
maRalmTiani raioni 17 14 69
0.93 0.653
aramaRalmTaiani raioni 15 09 76
qalaqis skola
18 14 69
1.49 0.833
0.35
soflis magram aramaRalmTiani raionis skola 13 15 72
2.19 0.362
ganviTarebis treningebSi CarTuli skola 17 13 70
0.52 0.808
treningebSi

monawileoba maswavlebelTa profesiuli 17 13 70
0.32 0.869
5.44 0.097
3.02 0.269
1.59 0.400
dawyebiTi an orive safexuriP 17 14 69
1.27 0.491
dawyebiTi safexuri mxolod 13 15 71
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebi xSirad gamoiyeneba
30 13 56
praqtikaSi
41.67 0.003
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebi saSualod/iSviaTad
11 14 75
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba klasebis
did nawilSi/yvela klasSi 17 16 67
1.67 0.390
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba iSviaTad 16 12 72
an arasdros
80
cxrili 3-52: axali saswavlo gegma zedmet Tavisuflebas gaZlevT, Zalian
gzRudavT Tu Seefereba Tqvens moTxovnebs? (yvela maswavlebeli)
95% sandoobi intervali

zedmet Tavisuflebas gaZlevT 12 09 15
Zalian gzRudavT 07 05 09
Seefereba Tqvens moTxovnebs 81 77 86
sul 100
Note: N=690

81
cxrili 3-53: axali saswavlo gegma zedmet Tavisuflebas gaZlevT, Zalian
gzRudavT Tu Seefereba Tqvens moTxovnebs? (kategoriebis mixedviT)
zedmetad zedmetad Sesabamisi χ2

respodentebis kategoria albaToba
Tavisufali SezRuduli cvladi
0.54 0.802
aramaRalmTiani raioni
2.08 0.435
11 7 82
aramaRalmTaiani raioni
soflis magram aramaRalmTiani raonis skola 12 8 81
soflis skola 10 6 84 3.93 0.357
3.64
soflis magram aramaRalmTiani raionis skola 16 5 79
2.16 0.287
11 08 81
2.46 0.353
12 05 83
sapilote skola an skolas ar miuRia monawileoba

treningebSi
2.06 0.414
9.98 0.111
2.35 0.4196
3.44 0.359
dawyebiTi an orive safexuri 13 07 80
3.21 0.348
dawyebiTi safexuri mxolod 07 07 86
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebi xSirad gamoiyeneba
18 10 72
praqtikaSi
18.6 0.013
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebi saSualod/iSviaTad
09 06 86
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba klasebis
did nawilSi/yvela klasSi 12 5 82
0.91 0.657
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba iSviaTad an 12 7 81
arasdros
82
fokusjgufebSi monawile maswavleblebis azriT, saswavlo gegmis treningebi
da miRebuli masala efeqturia da daexmara maT axali saswavlo gegmis da
Tanamedrove meTodologiis ukeTesad gaazrebaSi. maswavleblebma aRniSnes, rom
treningebze miRebuli masalebis aslebi daurigdaT dainteresebul pedagogebs,
rac agreTve axali saswavlo gegmis ukeTesad ganxorcielebis erT-erTi pirobaa.
SedarebiT farTo ganzogadebis mizniT, analogiuri SekiTxva davusviT respodent
maswavleblebs kiTxvarSi. maswavlebelTa damokidebuleba Tanabrad gaiyo _ 53%
Tvlis, rom treningebze warmodgenili aqtiuri swavlebisa da jgufuri muSaobis
Sefasebis magaliTebi da nimuSebi sakmarisia, an sakmarisze metia, maSin, rodesac
47% (cxrilSi mocemuli maCveneblebi damrgvalebulia) met-naklebad sakmarisad, an
arasakmarisad miiCnevs. maRali procentuli maCvenebeli ,,met-naklebad sakmarisi’’
kategorias ekuTvnis.
cxrili 3-54: ramdenad informatiuli/amomwuravia TqvenTvis mowodebuli aqtiuri

swavlebisa/jgufuri muSaobis Sefasebis magaliTebi da nimuSebi
95% sandoobi intervali

Zalian arasakmarisi 9 6 12
metnaklebad arasakmarisi 37 30 45
sakmarisi 52 44 60
sakmarisze meti 1 0 2
sul 100
N=657
83
cxrili 3-55: ramdenad informatiuli/amomwuravia TqvenTvis mowodebuli aqtiuri
swavlebis/jgufuri muSaobis Sefasebis magaliTebi da nimuSebi
Ti an xi-
Zalian met-naklebad sakmarisze
respodentis kategoria sakmarisi kvadratis albaToba
arasakmarisi arasakmarisi meti
cvladi
3.57 0.621
1.01 0.647
soflis skola 10 32 57 0 9.42 0.441
0.49 0.884
skolis-bazaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli

8 40 50 1
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis 4.58 0.286
treningebSi

treningebSi
sapilote skola an skolas ar miuRia

4.03 0.316
5.56 0.239
51 wlis an meti 13 36 50 0
5.82 0.259
dawyebiTi safexuris maswavlebeli 10 36 53 1
2.73 0.603
klasis zoma 25 an meti 12 35 51 1
3.35 0.588
klasis zoma 24-ze naklebi 8 38 53 0
9 33 57 1
19.76 0.034
11 48 41 0
iSviaTad gamoiyeneba praqtikaSi

7 34 58 0
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyeneba 5.63 0.285
11 39 49 1
84
cxrili 3-56. ramdenad damakmayofilebelia mosamzadebel masalebSi mocemuli magaliTebi da
modelebi interaqtiuli swavlis principebiT da axali saswavlo gegmiT swavlebisTvis (maswavleblebis
forma 1. S. 38b)
95%-iani sarwmunoobis intervali

pasuxi savaraudo procentuli maCvenebeli
Zalian arasakmarisi 7 5 10
ramdenadme arasakmarisi 41 36 46
sakmarisi 50 44 56
sul 100
N=654

85
cxrili 3-57. ramdenad damakmayofilebelia mosamzadebel masalebSi mocemuli magaliTebi da
modelebi aqtiuri swavlis principebiT da axali saswavlo gegmiT swavlebisTvis? (maswavleblebis
forma 1. S.38b)
Zalian ramdenadme sakmarisze t an χ2

respondentis kategoria sakmarisi albaToba
arasakmarisi arasakmarisi meti cvladi
4.07 0.364
maRalmaRalmTiani raioni 6 34 60 0
1.48 0.514
aramaRalmTianiraioni 7 42 50 1
soflis skola 6 43 50 1 6.23 0.546
skola mTian regionSi 3 39 57 0
saswavlo gegmebis sapilote skola 5 53 42 0

1.65 0.706
arasapilote skola 8 41 51 0
maswavleblebis treningebi skolis bazaze 7 44 48 1

3.85 0.300
skola maswavlebelTa treningis gareSe 8 38 54 1
sapilote skola an skola Treningebi 7 44 48 1

skolis bazazeT 2.95 0.389
ara-sapilote an ara-saskolo 8 38 54 1
maswavlebelTa treningi
50 wlis an ufro axalgazrda 6 43 51 0

12.22 0.019
51 wlis an ufro asakiani 10 39 49 2
11 an meti wlis staJi 8 45 47 0

9.42 0.126
10 an naklebi wlis staJi 7 31 61 1
dawyebiTi klasebis maswavlebeli 8 42 49 1

2.07 0.643
saSualos an orives maswavlebeli 6 39 54 0
moswavleTa raodenoba 25 an meti 10 37 52 0

8.58 0.070
moswavleTa raodenoba 24 an naklebi 6 44 49 1
axali masalebis gamoyeneba bevr/yvela

klasSi 7 38 54 1
13.68 0.108
axali masalebis gamoyeneba ramdenime/ 10 50 40 0
arcerT klasSi
axali masalebis xSiri gamoyeneba 7 38 55 1

axali masalebis iSviaTi an saSualo 7 42 49 1
1.99 0.645
gamoyeneba
yvela gamokiTxulma maswavlebelma aRniSna, rom sagnebis axali programiT

swavlebisTvis aucilebelia gakveTilebis yoveldRiuri dagegmva. zogadad,
maswavleblebi Tvlian, rom 2007 wlis akademiuri wlis bolos sagnebis axali
saswavlo gegmiT swavlebisTvis mzad arian. gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom am periodisTvis,
maswavleblebis umetesoba (77%) fiqrobda, rom “sakmaod kargad” iyo momzadebuli,
xolo ramdenime maswavlebelma aRniSna,rom isini “Zalian kargad” iyvnen momzadebuli.
qalaqis skolis maswavleblebi SedarebiT metad momzadebulad grZnoben Tavs
sagnebis axali programiT swavlebisaTvis. kvlevam ver daadgina monacemebis
WeSmariteba, radgan SesaZlebelia dadebiTi pasuxi SekiTxvis formulirebidan
gamomdinareobda.
86
cxrili 3-58. ramdenad mzad xarT aswavloT sagnebi axali programiT? yvela maswavlebeli
(maswavleblebis forma 1. S.9)

saerTod ar var mzad 01 0 1

metnaklebad mzad var 11 07 11
sakmaod kargad 77 70 84
Zalian kargad 12 07 16
sul 100
SeniSvna: jamuri raodenoba aRemateba 100-s damrgvalebis gamo N=703
cxrili 3-59. ramdenad mzad xarT aswavloT sagnebi axali programiT? kategoriebis mixedviT
(maswavleblebis forma 1. S.9)
saerTod
metnaklebad sakmarisad Zalian t an χ2
respondentis kategoria ar var albaToba
mzad var kargad kargad cvladi
mzad
18.95 0.044
1.62 0.620
soflis skola 0 10 83 6 36.30 0.208

18.63 0.086
skola mTian regionSi an sofelSi 0 10 83 6

0.83 0.909

5.76 0.503
skola maswavlebelTa treningis gareSe 0 13 74 13

2.10 0.746

7.63 0.180

13.57 0.172
dawyebiTi klasebis maswavlebeli 1 11 77 12

1.24 0.780
saSualos an orives maswavlebeli 0 10 79 11
humanitari 0 6 80 14 8.92 0.283
dawyebiTi 0 8 85 7
axali masalebis iSviaTi an saSualo 1 12 74 12

gamoyeneba 0 7 80 12
6.57 0.169
axali masalebis xSiri gamoyeneba
axali masalebis gamoyeneba bevr/yvela klasSi 0 7 77 15

axali masalebis gamoyeneba ramdenime/arcerT 1 18 77 4
31.72 0.002
klasSi

87
maswavleblebi aRniSnaven, rom axali saxelmZRvaneloebi orientirebulia
saswavlo masalisa da praqtikuli davalebebis integrirebaze. reformamdel
periodTan SedarebiT dRes moswavleebs damoukideblad muSaobis meti SesaZlebloba
aqvT. maswavleblebi aseve aRniSnaven, rom gansxvavebuli akademiuri moswrebis
moswavleebis gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi ufro metad TanamSromloben. axali saswavlo
gegma, aseve, interaqtiuri gakveTilis Catarebis saSualebas iZleva. kiTxvaze, Tu
ramdenad utovebs axali saswavlo gegma maswavleblebs arCevanis Tavisuflebas,
maswavlebelTa umetesobam upasuxa, rom axali saswavlo gegma garkveulwilad aZlevs
maT arCevanis Tavisuflebas. aRsaniSnavia, rom arCevanis Tavisulebas ufro grZnoben
sapilote skolebis da im klasebis maswavleblebi, sadac 24 an naklebi moswavlea.
cxrili 3-60. ramdenad aZlevs axali saswavlo gegma skolebs da maswavleblebs Tavisufali
arCevnis saSualebas? yvela maswavlebeli (maswavleblebis forma 1. S.12)

mcire Tavisuflebas 7 5 9
cotaoden Tavisuflebas 63 59 67
did Tavisuflebas 30 26 34
sul 100
SeniSvna: N=694
88
cxrili 3-61. ramdenad aZlevs axali saswavlo gegma skolebs da maswavleblebs Tavisufali
arCevnis saSualebas? kategoriebis mixedviT (maswavleblebis forma 1. S.12)
mcire cotaoden did t an χ2

respondentis kategoria albaToba
Tavisuflebas Tavisuflebas Tavisuflebas cvladi
12.46 0.0798
1.09 0.416
aramaRalmTiani raioni 3 65 33
soflis skola 7 65 28 17.39 0.125
skola mTian regionSi 0 77 23

9.68
skola mTian regionSi an sofelSi 0 77 23
saswavlo gegmebis sapilote skola 2 25 73

25.36 0.007
arasapilote skola 7 65 29
maswavleblebis treningebi skolis 7

bazaze 63 30
1.00 0.713
skola maswavlebelTa treningis 6
63 31
gareSe
sapilote skola an skola Treningebi 7 62 30

skolis bazazeT 0.68 0.778
arasapilote an arasaskolo 6 64 30
maswavlebelTa treningi
40 wlis an ufro axalgazrda 8 59 33

2.73 0.286
41 wlis an ufro asakiani 6 65 29

2..75 0.272
10 an naklebi wlis staJi 9 59 32

2.43 0.295
11 an meti wlis staJi 6 64 30
dawyebiTi klasebis maswavlebeli 6 64 30

0.64 0.824
saSualos an orives maswavlebeli 8 60 32
humanitari 5 65 30 2.98 0.656
dawyebiTi 4 59 37
moswavleTa raodenoba 24 an naklebi 5 68 27

16.44 0.038
moswavleTa raodenoba 25 an meti 10 54 36
ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonis Sesabamisad, ganaTlebis sistemis erT-erTi mizania

yvela moswavlisTvis, swavlis donisa da SesaZleblobebis miuxedavad, swavlebis
Tanabari pirobebis Seqmna. gansxvavebiT sabWoTa sistemisgan, romelic ZiriTadad
saukeTeso moswavleebze iyo orientirebuli. winamdebare kvlevis farglebSi es
sakiTxic Sefasda gamokiTxvis meSveobiT. maswavleblebis 61% Tvlis, rom axali
saswavlo gegma yvela moswavlis saswavlo procesSi Tanabari CarTvis saSualebas
iZleva. maswavleblebis 24% Tvlis, rom saswavlo gegma saSualo da maRali
donis moswavleebzea gaTvlili, xolo maswavleblebis 16% Tvlis, rom saswavlo
gegma dabali da saSualo donis moswavleebis Sesaferisia. pasuxebi gviCvenebs,
rom aucilebelia maswavlebeli moemzados gansxvavebuli donis moswavleebiT
dakompleqtebul klasSi swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebisTvis. gamokiTxvam aCvena,
rom maswavleblebi maRalmTiani regionebidan iseve, rogorc sapilote skolebis

89
da axalgazrda asakis maswavleblebi, Tvlian, rom axali saswavlo gegma yvela
donis moswavlis saWiroebebs iTvaliswinebs. sainteresoa, rom gamokiTxvis Sedegad,
gansxvavebebi ar gamovlenila qalaqis da soflis skolebs, an sxvadasxva klasisa da
sagnis maswavleblebs Soris.
cxrili 3-62. rogori donis moswavleebis Tanasworad swavlebaa SesaZlebeli

mocemuli saswavlo gegmiT? (maswavleblebis forma 1. S.13)

procentuli
pasuxi
maCvenebeli
saSualo donis an Zlieri moswavleebis 24 18 30
saSualo donis an susti moswavleebis 26 12 19
yvela donis moswavlis 61 55 66
sul 100
SeniSvna: N=696
cxrili 3-63. ra donis moswavleebis Tanasworad swavlebaa SesaZlebeli mocemuli

saswavlo gegmiT? (maswavleblebis forma 1. S.13)
saSualo
saSualo donis yvela
donis an t an χ2
respondentis kategoria an Zlieri donis albaToba
susti cvladi
moswavleebis moswavlis
moswavleebis
1.147 0.702
4.40 0.158
aramaRalmTianiraioni 24 16 60
soflis skola 31 14 55 12.06 0.131

8.26 0.018
treningebi skolis bazaze maswavleblebisTvis 23 15 62

0.90 0.712
skola maswavlebelTa treningis gareSe 25 16 59

20.67 0.001

4.47 0.223

10.75 0.021

0.50 0.823
saSualos an orives maswavlebeli 22 15 63
humanitari 25 11 64 6.20 0.309
dawyebiTi 20 13 67
Sefaseba miznad isaxavda daedgina, Tu ramdenad iyenebdnen skolebi saswavlo

gegmaSi dasaSveb 25%-ian moqnilobis zRvars axleburi saswavlo programebis
90
dasanergad, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia kanonis farglebSi. magaliTad, zogierT
qveyanaSi warmoiSva magnituri skolebis idea, romelTac eqnebodaT specifikuri
akademiuri fokusi. zogadad, dadginda, rom skolebi motivirebuli arian moswavleebs
SesTavazon saganmanaTleblo programebis mravalferovneba erovnuli saswavlo
gegmis farglebSi. es niSnavs, rom skolebs potenciurad SeuZliaT SemoqmedebiTad
miudgnen saswavlo gegmis ganviTarebas. erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa da Sefasebis
centris direqtorma aRniSna, rom dReisTvis skolebi moqnilobas iyeneben mxolod
imitom,rom mxari dauWiron skolaSi arsebul yvelaze Zlier programebs. direqtorebis
gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom SesaZlebelia dainergos programebis gacilebiT didi
mravalferovneba, vidre dReisTvis arsebobs. skolebis 44% acxadebs, rom isini
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis farglebSi sxva skolebisgan gansxvavebul programebs
sTavazoben moswavleebs, Tumca cxadia, naklebad savaraudoa es sando sazomi iyos.
rogorc mosalodneli iyo, qalaqis skolebi ufro metad mravalferovan programebs
sTavazoben moswavleebs, vidre soflis skolebi. es faqti urbanul adgilebSi
geografiulad axlos mdebare skolebs Soris maRali konkurenciis Sedegia.
sabaziso monacemebis uqonlobis gamo, ver dadginda es cvlilebaa Tu tradiciuli
tendencia.
3.2.4. damabrkolebeli pirobebi
treningTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis garda, programis zusti Sefasebis mizniT,

kvlevis farglebSi ganixiles sxva damatebiTi damabrkolebeli pirobebi, romlebic
maswavleblebs axali meTodebis gamoyenebaSi uSlis xels. rogorc aRmoCnda, yvelaze
gavrcelebuli xelisSemSleli pirobaa teqnikuri saSualebebisa da masalebis
simcire, iseve, rogorc gakveTilis mokle xangrZlivoba, drois simcire, moswavleTa
didi raodenoba klasSi,direqtorisa da sxva maswavleblebis mxridan araxelsayreli
garemos Seqmna da naklebi xelSewyoba.
gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis 64% aRniSna, rom aqtiuri swavlebis ZiriTadi
xelisSemSeleli garemoebaa teqnikuri saSualebebis da resursebis nakleboba. es
probleba sxva reformatori ganviTarebadi qveynebisTvisac aris damaxasiaTebeli.
paradoqsulia, rom gamokiTxvis farglebSi qalaqis skolebis maswavleblebi ufro
metad grZnoben teqnikuri saSualebebis da masalebis simcires, vidre soflis
da mTiani regionebis maswavleblebi. Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom pasuxebi
maswavleblebis subieqtur mosazrebas warmoadgens. dawyebiTi klasis maswavleblebi
zogadad naklebad ganicdian masalebis da teqnologiuri saSualebebis simcires,
vidre zusti mecnierebebis maswavleblebi. amavdroulad, interviuebsa da
araformalur saubrebSi dawyebiTi klasis maswavleblebic aRniSnaven iseTi
masalebis naklebobas, rogoricaa makrateli, furclebi, kasetebi da a.S. aRniSnuli
masala ki aucilebelia axal saxelmZRvaneloebSi mocemuli saqmianobisaTvis. am
sakiTxs mogvianebiTac davubrundebiT. rekomendaciebis nawilSi saubari iqneba imaze,
Tu ramdenad SesaZlebelia, saministrom da centrebma ganavrcon maswavleblebis
profesiuli ganviTarebis centris mier ganxorcielebuli programebi sxva qveynebSi
ganviTarebuli resursebis meSveobiT.
gamokiTxvis farglebSi SekiTxva mravalferovani programebis Sesaxeb mxolod direqtorebs dausves. saWiroa damatebiTi
kvlevis Catareba da saswavlo gegmis Seswavla aRniSnul SekiTxvaze zusti pasuxis misaRebad.

91
cxrili 3-64. CemTvis xelmisawvdomi ar aris saWiro teqnikuri saSualebebi da masalebi
(maswavleblebis forma 1. S.34g)
Ddiax T – an x2-kvadratis
% cvladi
qalaqis skola 64
0.24 0.812
soflis skola 63
1.15 0.268
soflis skola 36
qalaqis skola 33 3.43 0.186
skola mTian regionSi 45
skola soflad aramaRalmTian regionSi 67

1.05 *
skola maRalmTian regionSi 55
saswavlo gegmebis sapilote skola 62

-0.19 0.849
ara-sapilote skola 64
maswavleblebis treningebi skolis bazaze 63

-0.08 0.940
skola maswavlebelTa treningis gareSe 64
sapilote skola an skola Treningebi skolis bazazeT 63

arasapilote skola an skola maswavlebelTa -0.19 0.855
treningis gareSe 64
40 wlis an ufro axalgazrda 64

-0.08 0.939
41 wlis an ufro asakiani 63

0.12 0.908
10 an naklebi wlis staJi 63

0.02 0.988
11 an meti wlis staJi 64
dawyebiTi klasebis maswavlebeli 64

-0.54 0.594
saSualos an orive safexuris maswavlebeli 62
humanitari 63 6.99 0.109
dawyebiTi 54
axali masalebis gamoyeneba ramdenime/arcerT klasSi 72

8.50 0.009
axali masalebis gamoyeneba bevr/yvela klasSi 60
axali masalebis iSviaTi an saSualo gamoyeneba 66

0.35 0.472
axali masalebis xSiri gamoyeneba 64
* albaTobis cvladis gamoTvla qyveynis masStabiT gansazogadeblad SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda
teqnikuri saSualebebis da masalebis Semdeg, maswavleblebi damabrkolebel

garemoebebs Soris yvelaze xSirad asaxeleben gakveTilisaTvis gansazRvrul drois
mokle monakveTs da moswavleebis did raodenobas klasSi. maswavleblebis 44%-ma aRniSna,
rom gakveTilis xangrZlivoba aris swavlebis axali meTodebis danergvis xelisSemSleli
piroba. aRniSnuli problema ufro metad aqtualuri aRmoCnda dawyebiTi klasis
maswavleblebisTvis, vidre zusti mecnierebebis maswavlebleblisTvis. es problema sxva
qveynebSic arsebobs. savaraudod, aRniSnuli problema momavalSi kidev ufro gamwvavdeba,
radgan ufro meti maswavlebeli daiwyebs axali meTodebis gamoyenebas. eronuli saswavlo
gegmebisa da Sefasebis centrma unda gaiTvaliswinos aRniSnuli sakiTxi da moamzados
maswavleblebi gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi aqtiuri swavlis meTodebis gamoyenebaSi. meore
mxriv, saministrom da skolebma unda ganixilon gakveTilis xangrZlivobis gazrdis
SesaZlebloba, rac TavisTavad xels Seuwyobs aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis danergvas.
92
cxrili 3-65. gakveTilis xangrZlivoba Zalian moklea (forma 1. S. 34c)

ara 56 50 62
diax 44 38 50
sul 100
N=646
cxrili 3-66. gakveTilis xangrZlivoba Zalian moklea (forma 1. S. 34c)
Ti an xi-
diax
respondentis kategoria kvadratis albaToba
%
cvladi
qalaqis skola 44
-0.03 0.973
soflis skola 44
0.79 0.440
aramaRalmTianiraioni 43

0.65 *

0.98 0.344
arasapilote skola 43

0.64 0.530

0.77 0.455
arasapilote skola an skola maswavlebelTa treningis gareSe 40

2.12 0.051

2.65 0.018

1.96 0.069

1.99 0.066
saSualos an orives maswavlebeli 51
dawyebiTi 59
sul, maswaleblebis 41%-ma aRniSna, rom swavlebis procesSi axali saswavlo

meTodebis danergvas an moswavleebis didi raodenoba aferxebs an saklaso oTaxSi
arasakmarisi farTi. es problema gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria qalaqis skolebSi, sadac
maswavleblTa naxevari (52%) klasSi moswavleebis raodenobas mwvave problemad
Tvlis, soflis skolebSi am Tvalsazriss maswavlebelTa 28% iziarebs. problema,
Tu rogor gamoviyenoT aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebi mravalricxovan klasSi, bevri
sxva qveynisTvisac aqtualuria da momavalSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas moiTxovs.

93
miuxedavad imisa, rom saministro xedavs saklaso oTaxebis farTis deficitis
problemas (problemis gamosavals xedavs konsolidaciaSi, rac ganxilulia kvlevis
meoTxe nawilSi),aucilebelia imis gaTvaliswinebac,rom didi zomis saklaso oTaxebic
SesaZlebelia gaxdes aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebis damabrkolebeli
piroba. aRniSnuli problema SesaZloa kidev ufro gamwvavdes qalaqis didi zomis
skolebis fizikuri konsolidaciis Semdeg (sakiTxi ganxilulia me-4 nawilSi).
cxrili 3-67. moswavleebis didi raodenoba klasSi an saklaso oTaxis arasaTanado zoma (forma
1. S. 34 T)

pasuxi procentuli maCvenebeli
ara 59 53 66
diax 41 34 47
sul 100
N=637
cxrili 3-68. g moswavleebis didi raodenoba klasSi an saklaso oTaxis arasaTanado zoma
(forma 1. S. 34 T)
diax
respondentis kategoria t an χ2 cvladi albaToba
%
qalaqis skola 52
4.59 0
soflis skola 28
-1.09 0.295

1.05 *

1.26 0.226
arasapiloteskola 40

2.14 0.049

2.24 0.040
arasapiloteskola an skola maswavlebelTa treningis gareSe 33

-2.36 0.032

-3.52 0.003

-1.12 0.280

0.56 0.584
dawyebiTi 50
maswavleblebis garkveuli raodenoba xelisSemSelel garemoebad miiCnevs

saskolo sistemis an erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mouqnelobas. sul, maswavleblebis
94
33% aRniSna, rom axali saswavlo gegma maT sakmaris Tavisuflebas ar aZlevs axali
saswavlo meTodebis danregvisa da ganxorcielebisaTvis. SekiTxvis formulirebidan
gamomdinare, gaurkvevelia, Tu konkretulad ras gulisxmoben maswavleblebi
SezRudvebsa da mouqnelobaSi. igive damokidebuleba aqvs maswavlebelTa 37% im
skolebidan,sadac tardeba maswavleblebis treningebi da maswavlebelTa mxolod 28%
im skolebidan, sadac treningebi ar tardeba. es monacemebi erTgvarad ewinaaRmdegeba
wina qveTavebSi warmodgenil statistikas, romlis Tanaxmad maswaleblebis 81%
met-naklebad iyenebda aqtiuri Sefasebis meTodebs gakveTilis farglebSi. Tumca,
sayuradReboa, rom aqtiuri Sefasebis meTodebis gamoyeneba mxolod garkveulwilad
xdeba da ara srulyofilad. zogierT qveyanaSi aqtiuri meTodebis mxolod
nawilobriv gamoyenebas ganapirobebs xelsayreli garemos uqonloba da aqtiuri
meTodebis gamoyenebis xerxebis arasaTanado codna. aqtiuri meTodebis gamoyenebis
nakleboba SesaZloa aseve gamowveuli iyos maswavleblebze dakisrebuli sxva
valdebulebebisgan, rogoricaa, magaliTad, moswavleebisTvis faqtebisa da masalis
srulyofilad miwodeba. am mizans aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebi ar Seesabameba.
amdenad, maswavleblebi iyeneben aqtiur meTodebs mxolod maSin, roca darwmunebuli
arian, rom dadgenili kvota, faqtebis miwodebis saxiT, Sesrulebulia.
cxrili 3-69. saswavlo gegma ar aris sakmarisad moqnili da axali saswavlo meTodebis
gamoyenebis saSualebas ar iZleva (forma 1. S. 34 f)

ara 67 64 70
diax 33 30 36
sul 100
N=625

95
cxrili 3-70. saswavlo gegma ar aris sakmarisad moqnili da axali saswavlo meTodebis
gamoyenebis saSualebas ar iZleva (forma1. S.34 f)
Ddiax Ti an xi-kvadrati
% cvladi
qalaqis skola 34
0.28 0.782
soflis skola 33
0.14 0.894

-1.21 *

0.90 0.385
treningebi skolis bazaze maswavleblebisTvis 36

1.78 0.096

2.04 0.059

3.66 0.002

2.11 0.052

2.35 0.033

0.31 0.761
dawyebiTi 36
maswavlebelTa 34% fiqrobs, rom skolebSi Seqmnili garemo xels ar uwyobs

swavlebis axali meTodebis gamoyenebas, igulisxmeba direqtorebisa an kolegebis
arakooperaciuloba. imisaTvis, rom maswavleblebma swavlebaSi mniSvnelovani
cvlilebebis danergva SeZlon, isini axali meTodebis mimarT dadebiTad, an sul
mcire araantagonisturad iyvnen ganwyobili. es faqti kidev erTxel miuTiTebs
mimdinare reformebis farglebSi direqtorebis momzadebis aucleblobaze.
cxrili 3-71. Cems skolaSi ar aris axali meTodebis gamoyenebisTvis xelsayreli garemo (forma
1. S. 34 i)
ara 33 26 42
diax 66 58 74
sul 100
N=625
96
cxrili 3-72. Cems skolaSi ar aris axali meTodebis gamoyenebisTvis xelsayreli garemo (forma
1. S. 34 i)
diax Ti an xi-kvadratis
% cvladi
qalaqis skola 32
-0.72 0.481
soflis skola 36
0.18 0.861

0.55 0.601

0.76 0.459

0.16 0.879

0.40 0.694

-0.89 0.390

-0.74 0.469

0.11 0.912

-0.99 0.336
dawyebiTi 47
da bolos,maswavlebelTa 30% aRniSnavs,rom axali meTodebis gamoyenebisTvis erT-

erTi damabrkolebeli pirobaa gakveTilis xangrZlivobis simcire. aRsaniSnavia, rom
am mizezs asakovani maswavleblebi ufro xSirad asaxeleben vidre axalgazrdebi.
cxrili 3-73. ar maqvs dro gamoviyeno swavlebis axali meTodebi (forma 1. S. 34 d)

ara 70 63 76
diax 30 24 37
sul 100
N=625

97
cxrili 3-74 ar maqvs dro gamoviyeno swavlebis axali meTodebi (forma 1. S. 34 d)
Ddiax Ti – an xi-kvadratis
% cvladi
qalaqis skola 26
-0.60 0.131
soflis skola 35
2.62 0.019

-1.26 *

1.09 0.292

-1.12 0.281

-0.97 0.348

1.33 0.202

2.16 0.047

1.13 0.277

-0.90 0.383
dawyebiTi 40
3.2.5. Sefaseba
momdevno qveTavSi ganxilulia reformebis farglebSi gaweuli Zalisxmeva

Sefasebis 10-qulian sistemaze gadasvlasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis farglebSic
ganxorcielda Semajamebeli Sefasebis gardaqmna ganmaviTarebel da Semajamebel
Sefasebad.
3.2.5.1. Sefasebis sistema

niSnis inflaciisa da Sesabamisad Sefasebis sistemaSi niSnebis marJis simciris
problemis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, dainerga Sefasebis axali 10-quliani sistema.
es sakiTxi sxva qveynebSic problematuria.
centris warmomadgenlebis Tanaxmad, aT-quliani sistemis oficialurad
danergva ganxorcielda imitom, rom es sistema bevr skolaSi, oficialurad Tu ara-
oficialurad, ukve arsebobda. garda amisa, Sefasebis axali sistema, Zvel sistemasTan
SedarebiT, ufro martivia. amgvar sistemaSi Sefasebis nixri izrdeba, rac moswavlis
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis da moswavlis progresis warmoCenis saSualebas iZleva.
sistemis saboloo mizania, maswavleblebma yoveldRiurad dagegmon gakveTili da
Seafason moswavleebis individualuri progresi. maswavleblebma ar unda Seadaron
erTi moswavlis akademiuri moswreba meorisas. dawyebiT klasebSi Sefasebis sistema
98
aRar gamoiyeneba. dawyebiTi klasis moswavleebi mxolod Sesafasebel komentarebs
miiReben.
centris warmomadgenlebi aRiareben, rom maswavleblebisTvis Sefasebis axali
da rTuli koncefciis gaazreba sirTuleebTan aris dakavSirebuli. isini aRniSnaven,
rom momdevno wlis ganmavlobaSi centri treningebiT daexmareba maswavleblebs
rubrikebis momzadebasa da moswavleebTan muSaobaSi. amasTan erTad, yvela skola da
resurscentri miiRebs sainformacio broSuras, resurscentrebis meSveobiT skolebSi
darigdeba Jurnalebi yovelTviurad, romlebSic iqneba Sefasebis rubrikis da/an
sxva aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis magaliTebi.
3.2.5.2. ganmaviTarebeli da Semajamebeli Sefaseba
kvlevis farglebSi Catarda maswavleblebis gamokiTxva, raTa gaerkviaT ramdenad

aqtiurad iyeneben isini Sefasebis axal sistemas. aRsaniSnavia, rom msgavsi ti pis
TviTSefasebis formebze gacemuli pasuxebi zogadi da arazustia. isini mxolod
maswavleblis subieqtur warmodgenas efuZneba. rogorc Cans, maswavleblebi
cdiloben dadebiTad Seafason sakuTari Tavi da amitom pozitiurad pasuxoben
msgavs SekiTxvebs. amgvarad, mocemuli kvleva maswavleblebis muSaobis xarisxis
Sesafaseblad arasrulyofilia. erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa da Sefasebis centrma
ufro siRriseuli kvleva unda Caataros realuri statistikis mosapoveblad. qvemoT
warmodgenili Sedegebidan Cans,rom maswavleblebs ar aqvT sakmarisi codna Sefasebis
axali sistemis miznebsa da Sinaarsze da mxolod nawilobriv arian mzad gamoiyenon
Sefasebis axali 10-quliani sistema. direqtorebsac da mSoblebsac ar aqvT kargad
gaazrebuli Sefasebis axali sistema. miuxedavad imisa, rom gamokiTxvis Tanaxmad,
maswavleblebis umetesoba iyenebs aqtiuri Sefasebis sistemas, bevrs savaraudod
ar esmis Sefasebis axali sistemis princi pebi. maTTvis aucilebelia treningebi,
magaliTebi da nimuSebi codnis gasaRrmaveblad.
gamokiTxvis farglebSi maswavleblebs dausves 3 SekiTxva, raTa gamoevlinaT
Tu ramdenad arian orientirebuli kiTxva-pasuxiT masalis gamokiTxvis tradiciul
meTodze. am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli elis moswavlisgan miiRos “swori” pasuxi. amas
garda gamokiTxvis Sedegebs unda eCvenebina,ramdenad aqtiurad iyeneben maswavleblebi
kritikuli azrovnebis xelSemwyob meTodebs. am SemTxvevaSi moswavle valdebulia
warmoadginos “swori” pasuxi damadasturebeli argumentebiT. gamokiTxvis Sedegad
miRebuli pasuxebis analizi sifrTxiles moiTxovs, radgan kvlevaSi gamoyenebulia
mkafiod formulirebuli mxolod sami SekiTxva da, garda amisa, ar gvaqvs gamokiTxvis
Sedegebis damadasturebeli damatebiTi monacemebi (dakvirvebis Sedegad miRebuli).
kvleva miznad isaxavs, gamoavlinos, ramdenad Seicvala msoflio bankis mier
Catarebuli kvlevis Semdeg (Sancho and Hermandez et al.; 1999, Sharhriari, 1999) Sefasebis
axali sistemisadmi damokidebuleba. gamokiTxvis mTavari mizani iyo gamoevlina,
razea orientirebuli Sefasebis sistema _ mxolod “swor pasuxze” Tu analitikuri
unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebazec. sami damoukidebeli SekiTxvis Sedegebi warmodgenilia
qvemoT mocemul cxrilebSi.
sami SekiTxva araa sakmarisi sando da Tanmimdevruli analizisaTvis da winamdebare kvlevaSi isini gamoiyeneba mxolod
zogadi warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad.

99
cxrili 3-75. gavigo, ician Tu ara moswavleebma swori pasuxi (forma 1. S. 6a)

arasdros 40 31 47
zogjer 51 45 58
xSirad 8 6 11
Zalian xSirad an yovelTvis 0 0 1
sul 100
cxrili 3-76. gavigo moswavleebis ideebi da azrebi (forma 1. S. 6b)

arasdros 0 0 1
zogjer 5 3 7
xSirad 47 43 51
sul 100
cxrili 3-77. moswavleebma daasabuTon TavianTi azri da imsjelon (forma 1. S. 6g)

arasdros 0 0 1
zogjer 8 5 11
xSirad 41 37 45
sul 100
gamokiTxvis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, maswavleblebi xSirad imisTvis svamen

SekiTxvas, rom moisminon moswavlis azri da msjeloba, iSviaTad ki imis gasagebad,
icis Tu ara moswavlem kiTxvaze “swori” pasuxi. Tumca, fokus-jgufebis dros
gamoCnda, rom maswavlelebs jer kargad ar gaucnobierebiaT Sefasebis axali
sistema. swored amitom moswavlis akademiur moswrebaSi araviTari cvlileba ar
aRiniSneba. susti moswavleebi tradiciul testebSi kvlavac aradamakmayofilebel
Sefasebas iReben. es ki imaze miuTiTebs, rom maswavleblebi kvlav Sefasebis
tradiciul sistemas iyeneben da Sefasebis axali sistemis ukeT gaaazrebas
saWiroeben. es ara-ganzogadebadi aRmoCena ar gamoricxavs wina daskvnas, Tumca,
saerTo jamSi, Sefasebis jgufis azriT, winamdebare analizi cxadyofs, rom
maswavleblebs Teoriulad esmiT Sefasebis “swori” meTodebi. winamdebare kvleva
100
mainc ar aris srulyofili Sefasebis axali sistemis gamoyenebis siRrmiseulad
Sesafaseblad.
kvlevis farglebSi, maswavleblebs aseve hkiTxes, Tu ramdenad iyvnen momzadebuli
Sefasebis axali 10-quliani sistemis gamosayeneblad. Sedegebis mixedviT,gamokiTxuli
maswavleblebis 61% mxolod nawilobrivad aris momzadebuli Sefasebis axali
sistemis gamosayeneblad. fokus-jgufebidan gamovlinda,rom maswavleblebis umetesoba
saWiroebs treningebs 10-quliani Sefasebis sistemis gamosayeneblad, saswavlo sagnis
specifikis da maRalkontigentiani klasebis gaTvaliswinebiT. rogorc aRmoCnda,
treningi esaWiroeba yvela kategoriis maswavlebels. Tumca, axali maswavleblebi
da is pedagogebi, romlebic interaqtiuli swavlebis meTodebs aqtiurad iyeneben,
Tvlian, rom am mxriv ukeTesad momzadebuli arian.
cxrili 3-78. ramdenad kargad xarT momzadebuli Sefasebis 10-quliani sistemis gamosayeneblad
(maswavleblis forma 1. S. 33)

saSualod 61 56 67
cudad 3 2 5
sul 100

101
cxrili 3-79. ramdenad kargad xarT momzadebuli Sefasebis 10-quliani sistemis gamosayeneblad
Zalian t an χ2
respondentis kategoria saSualod cudad albaToba
kargad cvladi
2.37 0.331
1.01 0.435
aramaRalmTiani raioni 36 61 3
qalaqis skola 30 66 4 6.00 0.455

1.91 0.421
skola sofelSi aramTian regionSi 30 66 4

1.38 0.388
maswavleblebis treningebi skolis bazaze 39 58 3

4.18 0.412
skola maswavlebelTa treningis gareSe 32 65 4
59 3
4.05 0.432
arasapiloteskola an skola maswavlebelTa treningis gareSe 32
65 4
4.33 0.261

2.83 0.472

10.35 0.070
saSualos an orive donis maswavlebeli 35 61 3

0.14 0.924
klasis kontingenti 24 an naklebi 35 62 3

0.90 0.575
klasis kontingenti 25 an meti 37 60 2
humanitari 39 58 3 7.05 0.435
dawyebiTi 24 72 4
axali masalebis iSviaTi an saSualo gamoyeneba 26 70 4

12.41 0.042
axali masalebis xSiri gamoyeneba 40 57 3
axali masalebis gamoyeneba ramdenime/arcerT klasSi 39 56 5

15.29 0.002
axali masalebis gamoyeneba bevr/yvela klasSi 34 66 0
maswavleblebi gansxvavebulad afaseben maTTvis miwodebul aqtiuri swavlebisa da

jgufuri muSaobis Sefasebis magaliTebsa da nimuSebs. isini metnaklebad kmayofilni
arian Sesabamis sferoSi Catarebuli treningebiT, Tumca erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa
da Sefasebis centrisa da maswavleblebis profesiuli ganviTarebis centris
wardmomadgenlebis azriT, am mxriv bevri ramaa gasaumjobesebli. gamokiTxul
maswavlebelTa 52% Tvlis, rom nimuSebi damakmayofilebelia, 37% azriT, nimuSebi
metnaklebad damakmayofilebelia, xolo 9% nimuSebi aradamakmayofileblad miiCnevs.
kategoriebis mixedviT mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi ar aRiniSneba. erovnuli saswavlo
imave SekiTxvis garSemo, skolis direqtorebi acxadeben, rom maTi maswavleblebis 40 procents Cautarda treningi Se-
fasebis axali sistemis gamoyenebaSi. rogorc Cans, direqtorebma kiTxva gaanalizes raodenobriv WrilSi da pasuxSic aqcenti
datreningebuli maswavleblebis raodenobazea da ara axal meTodebSi Catarebul trenigebze. direqtorebis 38 procenti fiqrobs,
102
gegmisa da Sefasebis centri cdilobs gaavrcelos Sefasebis axali sistemis
rubrika saministros gazeTis meSveobiT. gazeTs urigeben yvela skolas, Tumca
TiToeul skolaze mxolod erTi gazeTia gaTvlili, Sesabamisad, gazeTi TiToeul
maswavlebels ar gadaecema. erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa da Sefasebis centri gegmavs
momdevno wlis treningebSi Sefasebis sistemaze gaamaxvilos yuradReba.
arsebobs monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, rom maswavlebelTaTvis, direqtorebisa da

mSoblebisaTvis Sefasebis 10-quliani sistema mouxerxebelia. samuSao jgufs ar
ganuxilavs Sefasebis sistema fokus-jgufebSi an direqtorTa gamokiTxvebisas.
Tumca, eqvsma direqtorma aRniSna, rom Sefasebis 10-quliani sistema mSoblebis
saskolo procesebSi aqtiuri Cabmis erT-erT motivaciad iqca. es pasuxi, vfiqrobT,
tendenciaa, radgan dasmuli SekiTxva Ria ti pis iyo da Sefasebis sistemaze miniSnebas
ar gulisxmobda. es sakiTxi wamoWra erT-erTma sameurveo sabWom fokus-jgufis
ganxilvis dros, rodesac saubari iyo reformebisadmi mSoblebis damokidebulebaze.
gamokiTxvis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom maswavleblebis 44% azriT, Sefasebis 10-qulian
sistemaSi Zalian farTo marJaa. sainteresoa, rom im maswavleblebis raodenoba,
romelTa azriT Sefasebis 10-qulian sistemaSi Zalian farTo marJaa, ufro didia
sapilote skolebSi (71%),vidre arasapilote skolebSi (51%). imis gaTvaliswinebiT Tu
romeli ti pis skolebSi Catarda meti treningi Sefasebis sistemasTan dakavSirebiT
aRniSnuli monacemebis safuZvelze,SegviZlia ori ram davaskvnaT: treningis meSveobiT
rac ufro ukeT ecnobian maswavleblebi Sefasebis axal sistemas, miT meti kiTxva
uCndebaT da gacilebiT met problemas xedaven, an piriqiT. skolebis geografiuli
mdebareobis mixedviT mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi ar SeiniSneba.
cxrili 3-80. fiqrobT, rom Sefasebis axal sistemaSi Zalian farToa (maswavleblis forma 1. S. 19)

diax 46 36 57
ara 53 42 64
ar vici 1 0 2
sul 100
rom treningi daexmara maswavleblebs, 62 procenti fiqrobs, rom mxolod nawilobriv daexmara. arc erTi direqtori ar miuTiTebs
aseTi mxardaWeris ararsebobaze.

103
cxrili 3-81. fiqrobT, rom Sefasebis axal sistemaSi Zalian farTo marJaa (maswavleblis forma
1. S. 19)
Ti _ an xi-
respondentis kategoria diax ara ar vici kvadratis albaToba
cvladi
36.15 0.064
soflis skola 27 73 0 47.22 0.021
ìrmis naxtomis` programaSi CarTuli skola 55 44 1

31.95 0.0697
skola ìrmis naxtomis~ programis gareSe 34 66 0
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli skola soflad 46 54 0

5.36 0.181
skola soflad ìrmis naxtomis~ programis gareSe 24 76 0
45 53 2
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli skola mTian regionSi 2.03 0.451
skola mTian regionSi ìrmis naxtomis~ programis gareSe 53 47 0
savele gasvlebis da araoficialuri saubrebis dros,bevri maswavlebeli aRniSnavs,

rom Sefasebis 10-quliani sistemis efeqturad gamosayeneblad aucilebelia Sesabamisi
treningebi. maswavleblebi aseve aRniSnaven, rom treningebis dros aucilebelia
magaliTebi, romlebSic naTlad Cans gansxvavebebi sagnobrivi jgufebis mixedviT da
agreTve rekomendaciebi maRalkontigentian klasebSi Sefasebis sistemis efeqturi
gamoyenebisTvis.
3.2.6. sapilote da saimplementacio modelebi
zogadad, sapilote da SemdgomSi saimplementacio skolebis arseboba gulisxmobs,

rom sapilote skolebSi yvelaze aqtiurad mimdinareobs axali meTodebis danergva da,
Sesabamisad, mosalodnelia yvelaze TvalsaCino Sedegebis miRweva. saimplementacio
skolebSi ki SedarebiT naklebi unda iyos reformebis gavlena. swavlebis sistema
gansxvavdeba sapilote da saimplementacio skolebSi. sapilote skolis mizania
gamocados da cvlilebebi Seitanos saswavlo gegmebSi. sapilote da saimplementacio
skolebSi swavlebis gansxvavebuli meTodebi araCveulebriv SesaZleblobas iZleva
eqsperimentuli kvlevis Casatareblad. sapilote modelis susti mxarea is rom,
bundovania, ramdenad arian valdebulebi treningis monawile maswavleblebi miRebuli
codna da informacia gauziaron skolis danarCen maswavleblebs. saimplementacio
modelis susti mxare ki aris rom, treningis monawile maswavleblebi ar arian
motivirebulebi, maTi daswreba nebayoflobiTia da nebismier maswavlebels SeuZlia
daesworos erT trening-sesias da ar aris valdebuli daeswros Semdeg treinings.
mtkicebuleba imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli ti pis skolebia ukeTesi xarisxis,
sapilote Tu saimplementacio, treningis TvalsazrisiT Sereulia. sapilote
skolebis maswavleblebis umetesoba ufro metadaa darwmunebuli axali saswavlo
gegmiT swavlebis sisworeSi da fiqrobs, rom axali saswavlo gegma saSualebas
aZlevs efeqturad aswavlos yvela donis moswavles. Tumca, sapilote skolebis
maswavleblebis damokidebuleba am SemTxvevaSi ar Seesabameba axali meTodebis
Sesaxeb maTgan mopovebul sxva monacemebs. sapilote skolebis maswavleblebi sxva
problemebTan erTad treningebis naklebobasac asaxeleben. kvlevam daadgina,rom xSir
104
SemTxvevaSi maswavleblebis damokidebuleba ama Tu im sakiTxis mimarT ar emTxveva
maT mier SemoTavazebul praqtikul Sefasebebs, magaliTad, moswavlis Sefasebis
meTodebTan dakavSirebiT. sapilote skolebSi im maswavleblebis raodenoba, vinc
Tvlis, rom treningebze warmodgenili magaliTebi damakmayofilebelia, aqtiurad
iyenebs aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebs da vinc fiqrobs, rom axali saswavlo gegma
interaqtiuli meTodebis aqtiuri gamoyenebis saSualebas iZleva, identuri pasuxebiT
ar aRemateba saimplementacio skolebis maswavleblebis raodenobas.
miuxedavad imisa, rom sapilote skolebis efeqturoba mxolod treningebis
xarisxiT ar aris ganpirobebuli, Sefasebis jgufis azriT saerTaSoriso
gamocdilebaSi Zalian iSviaTia iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca arsebobs gansxvavebuli
swavlebis meTodika, magram ver xerxdeba ukeTesi meTodebis gavrceleba da danergva,
iSviaTia SemTxvevebi, roca sapilote skolebi treningebis TvalsazrisiT ukeTesi
araa ara-sapilote skolebze.
3.2.7. swavlebis meTodebis gardaqmnis mxardaWera
maswavleblebis treningebi skolis bazaze da treningebi saswavlo gegmebis

Sesaxeb arsebiTia. aucilebelia saTanado struqturis Seqmna da didi Zalisxmeva,
raTa dainergos mudmivi profesiuli ganviTarebis sistema. es erTaderTi gzaa
mdgradi reformis gansaxorcieleblad. momdevno TavebSi warmodgenilia aseTi
struqturebis analizi.
3.2.7.1. moqmedi maswavleblebis treningi (profesias dauflebul maswavelbelTa momzadeba)

moqmedi maswavleblebis treningi dagegma maswvaleblebis profesiuli
ganviTarebis centrma da Semdeg erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centrma,
rogorc umniSvnelovanesi komponenti swavlebis meTodikis gardasaqmnelad.
grZelvadiani cvlilebebis da mdgradi reformisTvis aucilebelia grZelvadiani,
moqmedi maswavleblebis treningebi. saministro da centrebi kvlav muSaoben
grZelvadiani treningebis dizainze, mas Semdeg, rac erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa
da Sefasebis centri uzrunvelyofs maswavleblebs pirveladi treningiT. Sefasebis
jgufma gamoavlina, rom mosalodnelia treningebis sferoSi arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis CarTva,Tumca am ideis realizacia jer mxolod savaraudoa. zogierTi
arasamTavrobo organizacia sTavazobs maswavleblebs treningebs, romelTa mizania,
daexmaros maswavlebels serTificirebis procesSi, Tumca aRniSnuli organizaciebi
aralicenzirebulia an araserTificirebuli da umetes SemTxvevaSi struqturulad
ar Seesabameba Sidasamsaxureobrivi treningebis koncefcias.
Sefasebis jgufma gaarkvia, rom axladdaarsebuli saganmanaTleblo resurs
centrebi uSualod ar uzrunvelyofen maswavleblebs profesiuli ganaTlebis
treningebiT, Tumca maT garkveuli organizaciuli valdebulebebi daekisrebaT.
amdenad, Sefasebis jgufma gamokiTxa direqtorebi saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis
aqtiurobis Sesaxeb, rogorc skolis menejmentis, aseve maswavleblebis profesiuli
ganviTarebis sakiTxebSi. direqtorebis umetesoba (97%) aRniSnavs,rom saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebi aqtiurad uWeren mxars skolis menejmentis gaumjobesebasa da
maswavlebelTa profesiul ganviTarebas. Tumca, dasmuli kiTxva am ori sferos
cal-calke gamokvlevis saSualebas ar gvaZlevs. gamokiTxvis Tanaxmad, direqtorebis
78%-ma ganacxada, rom saganmanaTleblo resurscentri daexmara skolas erovnuli
Sefasebis jgufs ar Cautarebia msgavsi organizaciebis gamokiTxva an am sakiTxis siRrmiseuli kvleva

105
saswavlo gegmis danergvaSi, xolo 41%-ma aRniSna, rom centri daexmara maT
saganmanaTleblo masalebiT. Sefasebis jgufis ZiriTadi informacia gansxvavebul
suraTs gvaZlevs. fokus-jgufebSi, romlebic 20 raionidan warmodgenili 20
saganmanaTleblo resurscentris xelmZRvanelebisgan Sedgeboda, gamovlinda, rom
resurscentrebsa da maswavleblebs Soris urTierToba sakmaod SezRudulia. ufro
metic, saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis xelmZRvanelebi aRniSnaven, rom centris
TanamSromlebi ar arian saTanado codniTa da unar-CvevebiT aRWurvili imisaTvis,
rom maswavleblebs mimdinare reformis procesSi daxmareba gauwion.
3.2.7.2. maswavlebelTa treningi (maswavlebelTa momzadeba profesiis dauflebis procesSi)
miuxedvad imisa, rom amJamad maswavleblebis mobiloba dabalia (ixileT

nawili 4), aucilebelia Seiqmnas axali maswavleblebisTvis treningis sistema, raTa
swavlebis ZiriTadi meTodebi Zvel stils aRar daubrundes. saministro amJamad
muSaobs treningebis boloniis procesTan Sesabamisobaze. boloniis procesi
iTvaliswinebs, evropis sxva qveynebis ganaTlebis sistemis msgavsad, ganaTlebis
orcikliani sistemis danergvas, bakalavris da magistris xarisxis kvalifikaciiT.
Sefasebis jgufma gaarkvia, rom, vinaidan pedagogikaSi sauniversiteto doneze Rrmad
aris gamjdari institucionalizebuli sabWoTa stili, maswavlebelTa momzadeba
profesiis daufelebis procesSi sustia _ ar tardeba maswavleblebis treningebi
axali pedagogiuri Teoriebisa da meTodebis Sesaxeb da ver xerxdeba am meTodebis
modelireba interaqtiuli swavlebis Sesabamisad. Sefasebis jgufisTvis cnobilia,
rom tradiciul sauniverisiteto ganaTlebis sistemaSi swrafi cvlilebebi
SeuZlebelia da sawyisi etapi albaT sami-xuTi weliwadi gagrZeldeba. kvlevam
daadgina, rom profesiis daufelebis procesSi momzadeba mWirdo kavSirSia
sauniversiteto ganaTlebasTan. amitomac aris aucilebeli treiningis tradiciuli
sistemis gardaqmna da sauniveristeto ganaTlebis monitoringi, raTa am sferoSi
efeqturi reforma ganxorcieldes.
igive sirTuleebia sxva postkomunisturi qveynebSi, sadac xdeba gardaqmna

maswavlebelze orientirebuli swavlebis da swavlis meTodebis. Tu gaviziarebT im
mosazrebas,rom aucilebelia umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemis TandaTanobiTi gardaqmna,
isic unda vicodeT, rom am procesis Sedegebs swavlebis sistemaSi mxolod xuTi
wlis Semdeg Tu davinaxavT, manamde ki momavali maswavleblebi isev da isev swavlebis
tradiciuli meTodebs gamoiyeneben. Sefasebis jgufma ver moi pova srulyofili
informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad igegemeba am procesSi axali profesor-
maswavleblebis Cabma sauniversiteto doneze, igegmeba Tu ara moqmedi profesor-
maswavleblebis gadamzadeba an ucxoeli specialistebis daqiraveba. nebismieri am
mimarTulebis arCeva da gaxorcieleba, cxadia, did dros moiTxovs. alternatiuli
gza, romelmac SesaZloa ufro swrafi Sedegebi moitanos, aris im niWieri kadrebis
gamoyeneba, romelTac amJamad doqtoris xarisxi ar gaaCniaT. aRniSnuli sakiTxi
ganxilulia rekomendaciebis nawilSi.
3.2.7.3. maswavleblebis qseli da kavSirebi skolis SigniT da skolebs Soris
maswavleblebs Soris kavSirebi skolis SigniT da skolebs Soris SezRudulia,

Tumca gasul wlebTan SedarebiT, sabWoTa sistemisa da damoukideblobis pirveli
periodisTvis damaxasiaTebelma izolaciam aSkarad iklo. erovnuli saswavlo
106
gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris,maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centrisa da
saministros warmomadgenlebis Tanaxmad, skolebs Soris izolacia damaxasiaTebeli
iyo sabWoTa da postsabWoTa periodisaTvis. reformis farglebSi ganxorcielda
skolebis qselebis ganviTarebis proeqti da Camoyalibda maswavlebelTa profesiuli
ganviTarebis Sidasaskolo meqanizmebi, rasac xeli unda Seewyo skolebs Soris
TanamSromlobisaTvis da Seemcirebina izolacia. gamokiTxvis Sedegebi gviCvenebs,
rom izolacia kvlav problemaa, xolo Sidasaskolo TanamSromloba jer kidev
ganviTarebis sawyis etapzea.
erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis proeqtebis ganxorcielebis koordinatorma aRniSna,
rom skolebSi SeiniSneba koordinaciis nakleboba, rac xels uSlis profesiul
ganviTarebaze mzrunvel maswavlebelTa sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas da, Sesabamisad,
maswavlebelTa treningebis reformis efeqturobas. Sefasebis jgufma ganixila
aRniSnuli sakiTxi. maswavlebelTa fokus jgufebSi gamoikveTa, rom maswavleblebi
xedaven axladSedgenili sagnobrivi fakultetebis Sedegs. sagnobrivi fakulteti
erTi da igive sagnobrivi jgufis maswavleblebis aqtiur TanamSromlobas, axali
meTodebis da saswavlo gegmebis jgufurad ganxilvas uwyobs xels. fokusjgufebis
diskusiebidan gamovlinda, rom skolebSi Camoyalibebulia sagnobrivi fakultetebi,
sadac yvela maswavlebeli CarTulia da aRniSnuli fakultetebi yovelkvireulad
xvdebian erTmaneTs. Tumca, Catarebuli gamokiTxvebi sawinaaRmdegos gviCvenebs.
gamokiTxvebis mixedviT, maswavlebelebi ar TanamSromloben, yovel SemTxvevaSi
swavlebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT isini iSviaTad TanamSromloben. gamokiTxuli
maswavleblebidan, mxolod 75%-ma gancxada, rom maT skolebSi Camoyalibebulia
sagnobrivi fakultetebi. gamokiTxvebma aseve gamoavlina, rom erTi da igive
fakultetis maswavleblebis 52% Sexvedrebs awyobs TveSi erTxel an ufro
iSviaTad, xolo maswavleblebis 12% xvdeba yovelkvireulad swavlebis meTodebis
gansaxilvelad. amasTan erTad,maswavleblebis 52% afiqsirebs,rom isini TveSi mxolod
erTxel an ufro iSviaTad xvdebian studenturi proeqtebis ganxilvis an studenturi
proeqtebis magaliTebis gasaziareblad. Sefasebis jgufs ar Seuswavlia arsebobs
Tu ara gansakuTrebiT aqtiuri fakultetebi, sadac maswavlebelTa CarTulobis
naklebobaa.
107
cxrili 3-82. msjelobT Tu ara Tqvenive sagnobrivi fakultetis maswavlebelTan, rogor
aswavloT esa Tu is sakiTxi klasSi (maswavleblis forma 2. S. 35a)

arasodes an ver vpasuxob 7 5 9
iSviaTad 28 24 31
TveSi erTxel an ufro
52 48 57
iSviaTad
sul mcire kviraSi erTxel 13 11 15
sul 100
N=681
cxrili 3-83. msjelobT Tu ara Tqvenive sagnobrivi fakultetis maswavlebelTan rogor aswavloT
esa Tu is sakiTxi klasSi (maswavleblis forma 2. S. 35a)
TveSi sul
arasodes xi-kvadrati
erTxel mcire
respondentis kategoria an ver iSviaTad Ti-testis albaToba
an ufro kviraSi
vpasuxob cvladi
iSviaTad erTxel
18.57 0.073
1.18 0.616
qalaqis skola 10 26 52 11 12.53 0.275
skolebis qselis programaSi CarTuli 5 19 64 12

skola 3.96 0.29
skolebis qselis programaSi aramonawile 7 28 51 13
skola
saSualo donis an orive donis 8 19 50 11

maswavlebeli 8.90 0.124
dawyebiTi klasis maswavlebeli 7 30 63 13
cxrili 3-84. ganixilavT Tu ara Tqvenive sagnobrivi fakultetis maswavlebelTan erTad

moswavleTa proeqtebis ideebs an magaliTebs (maswavleblis forma 2. S. 35b)

iSviaTad 51 47 56
TveSi erTxel an ufro
26 22 31
iSviaTad
sul 100
N=681
108
cxrili 3-84. ganixilavT Tu ara Tqvenive sagnobrivi fakultetis maswavlebelTan erTad
moswavleTa proeqtebis ideebs an magaliTebs (maswavleblis forma 2. S. 35b)
TveSi sul xi-

arasodes
erTxel mcire kvadrati
respondentis kategoria an ver iSviaTad albaToba
an ufro kviraSi Ti-testis
vpasuxob
iSviaTad erTxel cvladi
2.61 0.575
5.66 0.005
qalaqis skola 21 45 28 6 12.76 0.254
skolebis qselis programaSi CarTuli skola 17 51 27 5

2.02 0.509
skolebis qselis programaSi aramonawile skola 20 58 19 4
saSualo donis an orive donis maswavlebeli 19 50 27 4

7.02 0.167
respodentebTan saubridan gamovlinda, rom skolebis qselurma programam

warmatebiT daakavSira regionSi sxvadaxva skolis maswavleblebi. reformaSi
monawile skolis maswavleblebi kmayofilni arian am programiT. isini imedovneben,
rom amave mimarTulebiT gaagrZeleben muSaobas saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis
daxmarebiT. Tumca, skolebisTvis am iniciativis ganxorcielebis gegma ar arsebobs.
gamokiTxva naTlad gviCvenebs, rom maswavleblebi akademiur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT
erTmaneTTan ar TanamSromloben, arc skolis SigniT da arc sxvadasxva skolebs
Soris. gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis mxolod 16-23% aRniSnavs, rom isini ikribebian sxva
skolis maswavleblebTan erTad skolebis qseluri programis farglebSi an ganaTlebis
resurscentrebis meSveobiT. Sefasebis jgufma skolebis qselur programasTan
dakavSirebuli 5 SekiTxvis Sedegebi gaaerTiana da erTiani indeqsi SeimuSava, romlis
saSualo maCvenebelia 5.6 aRniSnuli maCvenebeli miuTiTebs imaze, rom xuTive SekiTxvaze
maswavleblebma umetes SemTxvevaSi Semoxazes pasuxi “iSviaTad”. Sefasebis jgufs ar
aqvs wina periodis monacemebi SedarebisTvis,magram,rogorc gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba
aRniSnavs, miRebuli dabali maCvenebelic ki didi winsvlaa wina periodTan SedarebiT.
sainteresoa, Tu ratom ar ganxorcielda momdevno saqmianoba am mimarTulebiT.
cxrili 3-86. TanamSromloba sxva skolis maswavleblebTan skolebis qseluri programis

meSveobiT (maswavleblis forma 2. S. 35c)

savaraudo procentuli
pasuxi
maCvenebeli
iSviaTad 55 50 60
TveSi erTxel an ufro iSviaTad 14 10 18
sul 100
N=648

109
cxrili 3-87. TanamSromloba sxva skolis maswavleblebTan skolebis qseluri programis
meSveobiT (maswavleblis forma 2. S. 35c)
TveSi sul Ti
arasodes
erTxel mcire –an xi-
respondentis kategoria an ver iSviaTad albaToba
an ufro kviraSi kvadratis
vpasuxob
iSviaTad erTxel cvladi
2.4 0.022
1.75 0.532
soflis skola 24 54 20 2 27.36 0.036

2.50 0.652

2.51 0.556
cxrili 3-88. TanamSromloba sxva skolis maswavleblebTan saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis

meSveobiT (maswavleblis forma 2. S. 35d)

pasuxi
maCvenebeli
iSviaTad 43 35 51
sul 100
N=658
cxrili 3-89. TanamSromloba sxva skolis maswavleblebTan saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis

meSveobiT (maswavleblis forma 2. S. 35d)
TveSi sul
arasodes Ti –an xi-
erTxel mcire
respondentis kategoria an ver iSviaTad kvadratis albaToba
an ufro kviraSi
vpasuxob cvladi
iSviaTad erTxel
38.71 0.002
5.94 0.163
soflis skola 27 46 24 3 43.08 0.045

1.39 0.634

3.27 0.373
110
cxrili 3-90. TanamSromloba sxva skolis maswavleblebTan sxva gzebis meSveobiT (maswavleblis
forma 2. S. 35e)

pasuxi
maCvenebeli

iSviaTad 52 45 59
sul 100
N=656
cxrili 3-91. TanamSromloba sxva skolis maswavleblebTan sxva gzebis meSveobiT (maswavleblis
forma 2. S. 35e)
TveSi sul
arasodes Ti_an xi-
erTxel mcire
respondentis kategoria an ver iSviaTad kvadratis albaToba
an ufro kviraSi
vpasuxob cvladi
iSviaTad erTxel
12.81 0.132
1.18 0.550
soflis skola 25 50 23 2 18.44 0.104

1.46 0.493

6.29 0.232
cxrili 3-92. qselur TanamSromlobaze xuTi SekiTxvis pasuxebis indeqsi (forma 1. S. 34 d)
respondentis kategoria saSualo maCvenebeli Ti-testis cvladi albaToba
qalaqis skola 5.2

-2.80 0.014
soflis skola 6.1
maRalmTiani raioni 5.6

0.07 0.946
aramaRalmTiani raioni 5.6
skola mTian regionSi 6.2

0.11 0.883
skola soflad aramTian regionSi skola 6.2
skolebis qselis programaSi CarTuli skola 5.6

-0.70 0.493
skolebis qselis programaSi aramonawile skola 5.4
treningebi skolis bazaze maswavleblebisTvis 5.5

-0.64 0.531
skola maswavlebelTa treningis gareSe 5.7
51 wlis an ufro asakiani 5.9

1.72 0.106
50 wlis an ufro axalgazrda 5.5
11 an meti wlis staJi 5.6

-0.58 0.572
10 an naklebi wlis staJi 5.7
dawyebiTi klasebis maswavlebeli 5.5

1.97 0.068
saSualos an orive donis maswavlebeli 6.1

111
3.2.8. maswavlebelTa treningi sainformacio
da satelekomunikacio teqnologiebSi
kvlevis am nawilSi ganxilulia maswavleblebis mier kompiuteris gamoyenebis

SesaZleblobebi, sainformacio da satelekomunikacio teqnologiebSi maTTvis
organizebuli trenigebi. kerZod, Sefasebis jgufma Seiswavla “irmis naxtomis”
farglebSi Catarebuli treningebi da am programaSi gasaerTianebeli skolebis
status-qvo. “irmis naxtomis” farglebSi maswavlebelTa treningi ganxilulia
angariSis Sesaval nawilSi. “irmis naxtomis” farglebSi skolebis momarageba
kompiuterebiT da internetiT uzrunvelyofa ganxilulia 4.3. punqtSi.
maswavleblebi dadebiTad arian ganwyobili “irmis naxtomis” programis
farglebSi Catarebuli treningebis mimarT. aseve kmayofilebi arian skolebSi
Seqmnili kompiuteruli laboratoriebiT, romlebic xels uwyoben maswavleblebis
mier kompiuterebis gamoyenebas (es ukanaskneli sakiTxi ganxilulia 3.3. punqtSi).
“irmis naxtomis” treningebSi CarTuli maswavleblebi gacilebiT ufro moxerxebulad
iyeneben kompiuterebs skolaSi da skolis gareT, da ufro xSirad, vidre maTi
kolegebi. miuxedavad amisa, statistikurad, maswavleblebis didi umravlesoba, “irmis
naxtomis” treningebSi monawile maswavleblebis CaTvliT, iSviaTad an saerTod ar
iyenebs kompiuters skolaSi an skolis gareT. MmaT ar ician kompiuterze muSaoba ise
kargad, rom gamoiyenon saswavlo miznebisTvis da kargad ar esmiT, rogor SeiZleba
teqnologiebis swavlebis procesSi gamoyeneba.
skolebi, sadac Catarda fokusjgufebi, monawileoben “irmis naxtomis”
programaSi. gamokiTxuli maswavleblebi aRniSnaven, rom skolebSi kompiuteruli
laboratoriebis Seqmnis Semdeg,kompiuterebis da internetis moxmarebiT moswavleebi
ufro metad dainteresdnen. fokusjgufebis ganxilvebSi qalaqis skolebis ramdenime
maswavlebelma aRniSna, rom isini iyeneben kompiuters internetiT informaciis
mosaZebnad. soflis skolebis maswavleblebi ki, aRniSnaven, rom maT ar aqvT
SesaZlebloba internetiT mopovebuli informaciiT gaamdidron swavlebis procesi,
radgan adgilobrivi internetkavSiri ar arsebobs. vinaidan, qalaqis yvela skola
CarTulia “irmis naxtomis” programaSi, am programis gavlenis SedarebiTi kvleva
SesaZlebelia mxolod soflis skolebTan mimarTebiT. kompiuteruli laboratoriebi
Seiqmna qalaqis yvela skolaSi, Tumca qalaqis skolebis yvela maswavlebels ar
gauvlia treningi. amitom ar aris mizanSewonili qalaqis skolebis kategorizacia
treningebis gavlenis Sefasebisas.
maswavleblebi kmayofilebi arian “irmis naxtomis” treningebiT. maswavleblebis
82% Tvlis, rom treningebi maTTvis produqtiuli iyo da Sedegad maT mier
swavlebisa da, Sesabamisad, swavlis procesi gaumjobesda. vinaidan treningebi am
etapze mxolod elementarul teqnikur unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebas gulisxmobda,
maTSi CarTuli maswavleblebis 22% acxadebs, rom maTi codna mxolod mcirediT
gaizarda, 60% fiqrobs, rom maTi codna gaumjobesda saSualod, xolo 18% ambobs,
rom maTi codna gaumjobesda mniSvnelovnad. am kiTxvaze maswavlebelTa pasuxebSi
mxolod marginaluri gansxvavebebi aRiniSneba “irmis naxtomis” programaSi CarTul
skolebs Soris.
112
cxrili 3-93. ramdenad gaumjobesda swavlisa da swavlebis procesi ~irmis naxtomis~ programaSi
CarTvis Sededgad. gamokiTxul iqna mxolod ìrmis naxtomis~ programis farglebSi Catarebuli
treningebis monawile maswavleblebi (forma 2. S. 23)

mcirediT 27 19 34
saSualod 52 45 59
mniSvnelovnad 19 16 23
sul 100
N=163
cxrili 3-94. ramdenad gaumjobesda swavlisa da swavlebis procesi ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi
CarTvis Sedegad. ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli skolebis yvela maswavlebeli (forma 2. S.
23)
mcirediT 28 22 34
saSualod 59 48 67
mniSvnelovnad 12 8 20
sul 100
N=241
Sefasebis jgufma “irmis naxtomis” programis warmatebad miiCnia is, rom

maswavleblebi skolebSi kompiuterebs iyeneben. warmatebis indikatori gulisxmobs,
rom maswavlebeli metad komfortulad muSaobs kompiuterTan da misTvis kompiuteri
xelmisawvdomia. mosalodnelia maswavlebelTa treningebisa da kompiuterebiT
momaragebis axal fazaze gadasvla, Tumca “irmis naxtomi” am mimarTulebiT
erTaderTi xeliSemwyobi piroba rodia. gamokiTxvam gviCvena, rom maswavleblebis
65% ar iyenebs kompiuters saxlSi an skolis gareT. soflis skolebSi, romlebic
“irmis naxtomis” programaSi ar arian CarTulni, kompiuterebis gamoyenebis indeqsi
gacilebiT dabalia. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, qalaqis skolebSi ufro maRalia
im maswavleblebis procentuli raodenoba (46 %), vinc iyenebs kompiuters skolis
gareT. soflis skolebSi aseTi maswavleblebis raodenoba 21 %-ia.
SekiTxva daisva “irmis naxtomis” konteqstSi. dauzustebelia, upasuxa Tu ara im 23-ma maswavlebelma, romelic CarTuli iyo
“irmis naxtomis” treningSi, am SekiTxvas, raTa mieniSnebina am programaSi gaumjobesebis elementebis ararsebobaze.

113
cxrili 3-95. iyenebT Tu ara kompiuters saxlSi an skolis gareT (forma 2. S. 17)

diax 65 60 70
ara 35 28 41
sul 100
N=688
cxrili 3-96. iyenebT Tu ara kompiuters saxlSi an skolis gareT (forma 2. S. 17)
Ti an xi
respondentis kategoria Ddiax % kvadratis albaToba
cvladi
qalaqis skola 46
44.42 0.000
soflis skola 21
soflis skola 46
qalaqis skola 21 46.13 0.008
skola mTian regionSi 46
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli skola soflad 25

31.11 *
skola soflad ìrmis naxtomis~ programis gareSe 5
ìrmis naxtomis~ treningebiT 45

11.95 0.001
ìrmis naxtomis~ treningebis gareSe 31
*#=23 soflad an mTian regionSi “irmis naxtomis” programaSi CarTuli skola,
albaTobis gamoTvla, romlis ganzogadebac SesaZlebeli iqneboda qveynis masStabiT
SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda.
maswavleblebis mier kompiuterebis gamoyenebis potenciuri barieria

teqnologiebis saswavlo procesSi gamoyenebis meTodebis arakmarisi codna.
maswavleblebis 47% aRniSna, rom ar ician, rogor daukavSiron teqnologiebi TavianT
sagnebs. gasakviria, rom maswavleblebis mxolod 36% afasebs sakuTar Tavs dabali
maCvenebliT kompiuteris da internetis gamoyenebaSi,xolo SedarebiT didi raodenoba
maswavleblebisa (49 %) Tavs saSualod afasebs. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom
termini “saSualos” ganmartebac albaT gansxvavebulad aRiqmeba sxvadasxva qveyanasa
da kulturaSi. saerTo jamSi, zogadad qalaqis skolis maswavleblebi da aseve “irmis
naxtomis” proeqtSi monawile maswavleblebi ufro Tavdajerebulad grZnoben Tavs
sainformacio teqnologiebis gamoyenebaSi, vidre maTi kolegebi soflis skolebSi.
sainteresoa, rom kvlevam ar gamoavlina statistikurad mniSvnelovani sxvaobebi
“irmis naxtomis” programiT monawile da programaSi aramonawile maswavlebelTa
pasuxebs Soris.
114
cxrili 3-97. rogor SeafasebdiT kompiuteris moxmarebaSi Tqvens gawafulobas da unar-
Cvevebs? ramdenad SegiZliaT internetis saSualebiT moiZioT resursebi, studenturi proeqtebis da
ideebi? (maswavleblis forma 2. S. 24)

arc ise kargad 36 29 44
metnaklebad kargad 49 42 56
sul 100
N=443
cxrili 3-98. rogor SeafasebdiT kompiuteris moxmarebaSi Tqvens gawafulobas da unar-

Cvevebs? ramdenad SegiZliaT internetis saSualebiT moiZioT resursebi, studenturi proeqtebi da
ideebi? (maswavleblis forma 2. S. 24)
arc ise metnaklebad Zalian

respondentis kategoria χ2 cvladi albaToba
kargad kargad kargad
26.51 0.003
soflis skola 61 31 8 41.10 0.003
skola 100-ze naklebi moswavliT 41 48 11

skola 100-750 moswavliT 39 47 14 4.52 0.508
skola 750 moswavliT 30 53 17
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli skola 30 54 16

15.11 0.013
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi aramonawile skola 48 41 11

soflad an mTian regionSi 3.87 0.354
soflad an mTian regionSi

5.91 0.226

3.66 0.475
saSualos an orive donis maswavlebeli 29 53 18
gaiara ìrmis naxtomis~ treningi 29 55 15

5.46 0.195
ìrmis naxtomis~ treningSi monawileoba ar miuRia 40 46 14
amrigad, maswavleblebi teqnologiebs jer kidev ver iyeneben komfortulad da ar

ician, rogor SeiZleba gamoiyenon kompiuteri swavlebis procesSi. fokus-jgufebSi
maswavleblebma aRniSnes, rom saWiroa damatebiTi treningebi kompiuteris codnis
gasaumjobeseblad. maswavleblebis 63% acxadebs, rom kompiuters moxerxebulad ver
iyenebs. aseTi Sedegi aCvena “irmis naxtomSi” aramonawile maswavlebelTa 67%-ma da
“irmis naxtomSi” monawile maswavlebelTa 55%-ma. es monacemebi “irmis naxtomis”
programis warmatebaze metyvelebs, iseve rogorc kompiuterizaciisa da treningebis
mzard saWiroebebze. programis organizatorebs gaazrebuli unda hqondeT, rom

115
maT mier organizebuli treningebi mxolod elementaruli teqnikuri unar-Cvevebis
SeZenaSi exmareba maswavleblebs da rom 24saaTiani kursic ki ar iqneba sakmarisi
maswavleblebisaTvis saTanado codnis misaRebad, gansakuTrebiT ki im skolebSi,
romlebic kompiuterebiT jer ar arian momaragebulni.
cxrili 3-99. ar vici kompiuteris gamoyeneba ise kargad, rom saswavlo miznebisTvis gamoviyeno.
gamoikiTxa yvela maswavlebeli (maswavleblis forma 2. S. 21d)

ara 37 31 42
diax 63 58 69
sul 100
“irmis naxtomis” programis dadebiTi gavlena gaizrdeba mas Semdeg, rac programis
mxardaWeriT yvela skola aRWurvili iqneba kompiuterebiT. “irmis naxtomis” farglebSi
igegmeba treningebi, romlebic skolis bazaze moamzadebs maswavlebelTa patara jgufs
da aswavlis, rogor unda gamoiyenon sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi
saswavlo gegmis farglebSi. aRniSnuli treningebi daefuZneba ukve Catarebul pirvelad
treningebs da CarTavs maswavleblebis SezRudul raodenobas,raTa miaRwios saministrosa
da erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mizans _ sainformacio da
sakomunikacio teqnologiebis saswavlo gegmebSi integrirebas. Tumca, imTaviTve miznebSi
gaTvaliswinebuli araa maswavlebelTa sayovelTao momzadeba am sferoSi. rekomendebulia,
“irmis naxtomis” programis farglebSi dainergos distanciuri swavlebis meTodebi, rac
adgilobrivi treningebisgan gansxvavebiT, gacilebiT ufro meti maswavleblisTvis iqneba
xelmisawvdomi. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic,rom am meTodis danergvam SesaZloa konkurencia
gauwios “irmis naxtomis” farglebSi ukve dagegmil mciremasStabian treningebs. winamdebare
kvleva miznad ar isaxavs am ori meTodis xarjebisa da efeqturobis Seswavlas, Tumca
unda aRiniSnos, rom resursebis gamiznulad xarjvas (mag: “teqtreningebi”) mniSvnelovan
saWiroebebze Cveulebriv ufro dadebiTi Sedegi aqvs.
cxrili 3-100. ar vici kompiuteris gamoyeneba ise kargad, rom saswavlo miznebisTvis gamoviyeno.
gamoikiTxa yvela maswavlebeli (maswavleblis forma 2. S. 21d)
respondentis kategoria diax t-cvladi albaToba #
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli skola soflad 71 167

an mTian regionSi 0.06 *
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi aramonawile skola 74
soflad an mTian regionSi
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli skola mTian 87

regionSi 11.69 * 90
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi aramonawile skola aramTian 43
regionSi
gaiara ìrmis naxtomis~ treningi 55

6.91 0.103 511
ìrmis naxtomis~ treningSi monawileoba ar miuRia 67
*albaTobis gamoTvla qveynis masStabiT gansazogadeblad SeuZlebeli
aRmoCnda
116
iseve rogorc sxva sakiTxebis kvlevisas, Sefasebis jgufi am SemTxvevaSic
ar eyrdnoba erTi kiTxvis pasuxebs da maswavlebebs usvams 6 kiTxvas, raTa maT
mier kompiuteris profesiuli miznebisTvis gamoyenebis sakiTxi siRrmiseulad
gamoikvlios da erTiani indeqsi gamoiyvanos. individualur SekiTxvebze gacemuli
pasuxebi warmodgenilia qvemoT.
cxrili 3-101. viyeneb kompiuters an internets instruqciebis Tanaxmad (maswavleblis forma 2.

S. 20a)

arasodes 70 62 77
weliwadSi erTxel 5 2 7
TveSi erTze metjer 9 6 11
sul 100
SeniSvna N=443
cxrili 3-102. vamzadeb masalebs moswavleebisTvis kompiuteris gamoyenebiT (maswavleblis forma

2. S. 20b)

arasodes 57 49 65
sul 100
SeniSvna N=616
cxrili 3-103. vamzadeb tests an davalebas moswavleebisTvis kompiuteris gamoyenebiT

(maswavleblis forma 2. S. 20c)

arasodes 58 50 67
sul 100
SeniSvna N=618

117
cxrili 3-104. viyeneb eleqtonul fostas profesiuli miznebisTvis (maswavleblis forma 2. S.
20d)

arasodes 83 76 87
sul 100
SeniSvna N=598
cxrili 3-105. viyeneb kompiuters an internets saswavlo resursebis mosaZieblad (maswavleblis

forma 2. S. 20e)

arasodes 66 60 72
sul 100
SeniSvna N=609
cxrili 3-106. aZlevT Tu ara moswavleebs iseT davalebas, romelic kompiuteris an internetis
gamoyenebas saWiroebs (maswavleblis forma 2. S. 20v)

arasodes 74 70 79
sul 100
SeniSvna N=605
imisaTvis, rom zustad gagverkvia ramdenad iyeneben maswavleblebi kompiuters an

internets profesiuli miznebisაTvis, Sefasebis jgufma gaaerTiana am eqvsi SekiTxvis
pasuxebi erT indeqsad. TiToeuli erTeulisTvis 0 aRniSnavs pasuxs “arasodes”, 1 –
weliwadSi erTxel,2 – TveSi erTxel an ufro iSviaTad,3 – TveSi erTze metjer. maCveneblebis
jami gayofilia eqvsze, anu SekiTxvebis raodenobaze. kompiuteris gamoyenebis saSualo
118
maCveneblia 0.67,rac imas niSnavs,rom ama Tu im kiTxvaze umetes SemTxvevaSi maswavleblebis
pasuxi iyo weliwadSi erTxel. aRniSnuli maCvenebeli Zalian dabalia. kidev erTxel
gvinda xazi gavusvaT, rom qalaqis skolebis da “irmis naxtomis” programaSi CarTuli
skolebis maswavleblebi ufro xSirad iyeneben kompiuters da internets, xolo “irmis
naxtomis” programis farglebSi Catarebuli treningis monawile maswavleblebi yvelaze
xSirad iyeneben kompiuters da internets. soflis skolebSi Catarebuli treningebis
raodenoba da kompiuteris gamoyeneba Zalian SezRudulia. es Sedegi mosalodneli iyo,
radgan sofelSi momuSave treningebSi monawile maswavleblebis ori mesamedi skolebSi
jer kidev araa Setanili kompiuterebi an ar arsebobs internetkavSiri.
saSualo maCvenebeli min maqs standartuli deviacia

0.67 0 3 0.82
SeniSvna N=574
cxrili 3-108. kompiuteris gamoyenebis indeqsi profesiuli miznebisTvis, kategoriebis mixedviT

(maswavleblis forma 2. S. 21a-f)
t an χ2
respondentis kategoria diax albaToba
cvladi
qalaqis skola 0.99
8.72 0.00
skola soflad 0.29
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli skola 0.95

9.67 0.00
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi aramonawile skola 0.23
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli skola soflad an mTian regionSi 0.35

ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi aramonawile skola soflad an mTian
regionSi 0.29

treningebiT 0.01 0.998
treningis gareSe
gaiara ìrmis naxtomis~ treningi, muSaobs ìrmis naxtomis~ farglebSi 1.20

aRWurvil skolaSi 6.35 0.000
yvela danarCeni skola 0.53
3.2.9. daskvnebi: maswavleblebis treningi, profesiuli

ganviTareba, axali saswavlo gegma, Sefaseba
• mimdinare reformebis Sedegad metnaklebad gaumjobesda swavlis Sedegebi.
saWiroa damatebiTi kvleva zusti mizezSedegobriobis dasadgenad.
• maswavleblebis umetesoba dadebiTad aris ganwyobili skolis bazaze
Catarebuli treningebisadmi. Tumca, amavdroulad aRniSnaven, rom swavlebis axali
meTodikis gamosayeneblad treningebis naklebobas ganicdian.
• soflis, qalaqis an mTiani regionis yvela skolas aqvs saSualeba monawileoba
miiRos Sidasaskolo an saswavlo gegmaze farglebSi organizebul treningebSi.
maswavleblebis TiTqmis naxevari acxadebs, rom daeswrnen Sidasaskolo trenings,
xolo 63% ambobs, rom monawileobdnen erovnuli saswavlo gegmis farglebSi
Catarebul treningebSi.
• maswavleblebi icnoben aqtiuri swavlebis meTodikas da Sesabamis magaliTebs,
Tumca Tvlian, rom es informacia sakmarisi ar aris.

119
• damokidebuleba aqtiuri swavlebis meTodikisadmi gaumjobesda mimdinare
reformebis fonze. bevr maswavlebels sjera, rom axali meTodebi adekvaturia
da srulyofili. zogierTi maswavleblis damokidebuleba gaurkvevelia da
araTanmimdevruli.
• gamokiTxul maswavlebelTagan yvela iyenebs aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebs
sxvadasxva sixSiriT. TavisTavad es faqtic, warsulTan SedarebiT, umniSvnelovanesi
cvlilebaa. miuxedavad imisa, rom izrdeba aqtiuri swavlebis meTodikis codna,
maswavleblebi umeteswilad mainc pasiur da tradiciul meTodebs inarCuneben, an
iyeneben ama Tu im axal meTods meqanikurad da xSir SemTxvevaSi aramarTebulad.
• fokusjgufebSi araerTxel aRniSnes, rom maRali klasis moswavleebi mxolod
misaRebi gamocdebisTvis swavloben,rac Cveuli movlenaa im qveynebisTvis,sadac misaReb
gamocdebze Sefasebis maRali standartebia dawesebuli. es problema nawilobriv
mogvarebulia im qveynebSi, sadac universitetSi Casabareblad mniSvneloba eniWeba
akademiur moswrebas skolaSi.
• maswavleblebi ZiriTadad dadebiTad axasiaTeben axal saswavlo gegmas. maTi
umravlesoba momzadebulia axali saswavlo gegmiT swavlebisTvis, Tumca amave dros,
aRniSnaven damatebiTi treningebisa da magaliTebis aucileblobas.
• maswavleblebi fiqroben, rom axali saxelmZRvaneloebi, romlebic
integrirebuli swavlebis da praqtikuri sakiTxebis swavlazea orientirebuli,
moswavleebs damoukideblad muSaobis saSualebas aZlevs.
• swavlebis axali meTodebis gamoyenebis pirveli xelisSemSleli pirobaa
resursebis da teqnikuri aRWurvilobis ukmarisoba, maRalkontigentiani klasebi
qalaqis skolebSi, gakveTilis xangrZlivobis simcire, drois ukmarisoba axali
meTodebis gamosayeneblad da araxelsayreli garemo skolaSi.
• maswavleblebis umetesoba fiqrobs, rom axali saswavlo gegmebi yvela
donis moswavlis Tanabrad swavlebisTvis Sesaferisia. Tumca aucilebelia im
maswavleblebis gadamzadeba, romlebic ase ar fiqroben.
• axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis farglebSi, qalaqis skolebi acxadeben, rom
mravalferovan da sxva skolebisgan gansxvavebul programebs sTavazoben moswavleebs,
Tumca gasarkvevia, aris Tu ara es warsuli praqtikisgan gansxvavebuli suraTi.
• maswavleblebs jer kidev ar esmiT kargad Sefasebis axali sistemis mizani.
maT sWirdebaT miTiTebebi da treningebi Sefasebis sistemis rubrikaSi.
• maswavleblebi, mSoblebi da moswavleebi Tvlian, rom Sefasebis 10-qulian
sistema mouxerxebelia.
• ar gvaqvs zusti monacemebi imis gasarkvevad, treningebis TvalsazrisiT
romelia upiratesi _ sapilote Tu saimplementacio skola. axali saswavlo gegmebis
gamosayeneblad ufro metad sapilote skolebis maswavleblebi Tvlian Tavs mzad,
Tumca amave dros miiCneven, rom maTi treningi sakmarisi ar iyo. sapilote skolebis
maswavlebeli didi nawili ambobs, rom iyenebs aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebs, Tumca
saklaso dakvirvebebma es ar daadastura. sapilote skolebis yvelaze susti mxarea
gavrcelebis gzebis bundovaneba,xolo saimplementacio skolebis udidesi problemaa
treningebSi monawile TanamSromlebis arasakmarisi motivacia.
• igegmeba grZelvadiani treningebi moqmedi maswavleblebisTvis, Tumca rogorc
Cans, am gegmaSi mxolod erTjeradi treningebi moiazreba licenzirebisaTvis. pro
fesiis dauflebis procesSi maswavlebelTa treiningebis Secvla savaraudod Zalian
neli procesi iqneba. miRebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, rogorc Cans, maswavleblebi
aseve gadian treningebs TviTdafinansebiT, raTa mogvianebiT licenzia moi povon.
Tumca, damoukidebeli treningebis saWiroebis mizezi jerjerobiT daudgenelia.
120
• miuxedavad imisa, rom bevri maswavlebeli dadebiTad aris ganwyobili
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebisa da profesiuli ganviTarebis kuTxiT maTi
mxardaWeris mimarT,saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis umravlesobas realurad ar aqvs
saTanado momzadeba da resursebi imisaTvis, rom maswavleblebs daxmareba gauwion.
• sagnobrivi fakultetebis dafuZneba win gadadgmuli nabijia maswavleblebis
profesiuli urTierTobebis ganviTarebisaken, magram maswavlebelTa Sexvedrebi
Zalze iSviaTia. skolebs Soris kavSirebi gaumjobesda reformamdel periodTan
SedarebiT, Tumca jer kidev SezRudulia.
• maswavleblebi ZiriTadad kmayofilebi arian “irmis naxtomis” programis
farglebSi Catarebuli treningebiT. “irmis naxtomis” treningis monawile maswavleblebi
ufro xSirad iyeneben kompiuters saxlSi an skolis gareT profesiuli miznebisTvis.
• maswavleblebis umravlesoba, “irmis naxtomis” treningebSi monawile
maswavleblebis CaTvliT, iSviaTad an saerTod ar iyenebs kompiuters skolaSi
an skolis gareT, ar SeuZliaT kompiuteris saswavlo miznebisTvis gamoyeneba da
kargad ar esmiT, rogor SeiZleba teqnologiebis swavlebis procesSi gamoyeneba.
soflis skolebSi dasaqmebuli maswavleblebi ufro iSviaTad iyeneben kompiuters
an internets, vidre qalaqis da regionebis.
3.3. saswavlo da damatebiTi masalebis miwodeba,

socialuri da fizikuri saswavlo garemo
Sefasebis jgufis erT-erTi amocana iyo gaerkvia, Tu ra gavlenas axdens skolis
socialuri da fizikuri garemo moswavlis swavlis potencialze. am nawilSi
ganxilulia saswavlo da damatebiTi masalebis, axali saswavlo gegmis farglebSi
Seqmnili axali saxelmZRvaneloebis da kompiuteruli aRWurvilobis roli, swavlis
procesis SesaZlo barierebi, swavlis gaRrmavebis SesaZleblobebi, skolisa da
klasis fizikuri garemo, ramac SeiZleba gavlena iqonios reformis warmatebaze.
3.3.1. klasgareSe RonisZiebebi

aqtiur gonebas swavlis procesTan erTad aqtiuri sxeuli da klasgareSe
fizikuri saqmianoba esaWiroeba. klasgareSe RonisZiebebi energiis daxarjvis da
swavlis procesis saintereso, ufro aqtiuri da damoukidebeli formaa. amdenad,
Sefasebis jgufma moiZia inforomacia skolebSi klasgareSe RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb.
aRniSnuli sakiTxis kvlevisas, yvelaze rTuli gamokiTxvis meTodiT klasgareSe
aqtivobebSi saganmanaTleblo datvirTvis dadgena iyo. msgavsi proporciulobis
Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso literaturaSic ki ar arsebobs sayovelTao SeTanxmeba.
amitom, Sefasebis jgufi mxolod imis garkveviT Semoifargla, arsebobda Tu ara
klasgareSe RonisZiebebi skolebSi.
aRmoCnda, rom skolebis mxolod 52% sTavazobs moswavleebs klasgareSe
RonisZiebebs. es maCvenebeli sagrZnoblad dabalia sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT.
gamokiTxvam daadgina, rom qalaqis skolebi ufro met klasgareSe aqtivobebs
sTavazoben moswavleebs vidre skolebi soflad. ixileT qvemoT moyvanili cxrili.
“irmis naxtomis” programis rekomendaciis mixedviT, klasgareSe aqtivobebis erT-
erTi magaliTi iyo gakveTilebis Semdeg sportul an kompiuterul klasebSi
moswavleebis CarTva. saWiroa damatebiTi kvlevis Catareba moswavleebTan, raTa
gairkves am aqtivobebis saganmanaTleblo Sinaarsi da yvela moswavlisaTvis
klasgareSe RonisZiebebis xelmisawvdomoba.
121
cxrili 3-109. ramdeni klasgareSe aqtivoba funqcionirebs Tqvens skolaSi (maswavleblis forma
2. S. 10)

ar vici 19 12 26
0 15 10 20
1-4 52 45 58
5-10 14 8 19
10+ 0 2
sul 100
SeniSvna N=699
cxrili 3-110. ramdeni klasgareSe aqtivoba funqcionirebs Tqvens skolaSi (maswavleblis forma
2. S. 10)
respondentis kategoria 0 1-4 5-10 10+ χ2 cvladi albaToba
15.13 0.16

3.09 0.376
skola aramTian regionSi 18 63 17 1
soflis skola 17 69 14 1 14.56 0.444
skola soflad, aramTian regionSi 17 69 14 1

2.77 *
skola mTian raionSi 21 69 10 0
skola 750-ze naklebi moswavliT 18 67 14 0

22.31 0.064
skola 750-ze meti moswavliT 19 51 26 3
aRmoCnda
3.3.2. swavlis xelisSemSleli pirobebi
Sefasebis jgufma Seiswavla garemoebani, romlebic xels uSlis moswavleebs

ganaTlebis kanoniT dadgenili xarisxis ganaTlebis miRebaSi. Seswavlil iqna yvela
xelisSemSleli garemoeba skolaSi misvlis SesaZleblobebidan dawyebuli, fizikur
garemoSi arsebuli xelisSemSeleli pirobebiT damTavrebuli. ZiriTadi problemebia:
maRalkontigentiani klasebi, dabali xarisxis aveji patara zomis saklaso oTaxebSi,
cud amindSi skolamde misvlasTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebi.
maswavleblebis fokus-jgufebidan gairkva, rom yvelaze seriozuli problemaa
maRalkontigentiani klasebi. fondebis simciris gamo, skolebi ver axerxeben dayon 38-
40 moswavlisgan dakompleqtebuli klasebi SedarebiT mcire zomis klasebad. am zomis
klasebSi ki Zalian rTulia maswavlebelma individualurad imuSaos yvela bavSvTan
da daakmayofilos TiToeulis saWiroebebi Sefasebis axali meTodebiT dadgenili
wesiT. maswavleblebis TxuTmeti procenti acxadebs, rom maT klasSi sul mcire 30
122
moswavlea, maswavleblebis 26% klasSi sul mcire 25 moswavle hyavs. konsolidirebuli
skolebis maswavleblebis mxolod 14% acxadebs, rom maT klasebSi moswavleebis
raodenoba gaizarda konsolidaciis Semdeg. Tuki konsolidaciis procesis saboloo
Sedegi iqneba maswavleblebis raodenobis Semcireba (ixileT nawili 4),maSin ufro meti
maswavlebeli dadgeba am problemis winaSe da interaqtiuli meTodebis danergvisas
maRalkontigentiani klasebi iqneba udidesi damabrkolebeli piroba.
Sefasebis jgufma gamoikvlia ramdenad anawileben maswavleblebi moswavleebs
doneebis da SesaZleblobebis mixedviT. saerTod, saganmanaTleblo kvlevebi
cxadyofs, rom amgvari danawileba kidev ufro aferxebs susti moswavleebis swavlis
process. gamokiTxvam gvaCvena, rom saqarTvelos skolebSi es sakiTxi problematuri
araa. maswavleblebs esmiT, rom klasebSi moswavleebi doneebis da SesaZleblobebis
mixedviT ar arian danawilebuli.
cxrili 3-111. moswavleebi klasebSi doneebis da SesaZleblobebis mixedviT arian ganawilebuli


diax 8 5 10
ara 86 82 91
ar vici 6 2 10
SeniSvna N=668
saklaso dakvirvebebma gvaCvena, rom klasebis 17%-Si merxebi da skamebis zoma

moswavleebisTvis Seuferebelia. klasebis 16% erTi moswavleze erTi skamic ki ar
aris gaTvlili. klasebis 11% ki araa merxebis sakmarisi raodenoba. klasebis 10%
carcis an dafebis naklebobaa, xolo klasebis 17% sxva saweri masalebis nakleboba.
saerTo jamSi, soflis skolebi ukeTesad aRWurvili aRmoCnda (saweri masalebis
naklebobaa klasebis 12%), maSin roca es problema ufro masStaburia qalaqis
skolebSi (saweri masalebis naklebobaa klasebis 34%). cxadia es cifrebi gvaCvenebs,
rom arsebobs problema, Tumca ara imdenad didi, rogorc araoficialuri saubrebis
dros gamoikveTa. kategoriebis mixedviT mniSvnelovani sxvaobebi ar gamovlenila
qalaqisa Tu soflis skolebsa da did Tu patara skolebs Soris. Tumca aRmoCnda, rom
problema ufro mwvavea saSualo skolis klasebSi Semdegi disci plinebisTvis: zusti
mecnierebebi, sainformacio teqnologiebi da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi.
Sefasebis jgufma gamoikvlia, ramdenad gaumjobesda fizikuri infrastruqtura
konsolidirebul skolebSi, klasebis infrastruqturis SefasebiT da mcire an
saSualo zomis skolebis mdgomareobis SedarebiT (im skolebiSi sadac moswavleebis
raodenoba saSualo cifrs _ 555-s _ ar aRemateba). unda aRiniSnos, rom aq aRwerilia
konsolidirebuli da arakonsolidirebuli skolebis SedarebiTi mdomareoba
(am sakiTxis ufro detaluri kvleva ixileT nawilSi 4). gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom
konsolidaciis Sedegad problemebi, romlebic skolebis winaSe idga ar aRmofxvrila,
Tumca gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom Seswavlili ar aris ukve konsolidirebuli
skolebis adrindeli mdgomareoba.
amitom mjelobis interperetaciisas sifrTxilea saWiro. monacemebi warmodgenilia
qvemoT mocemul cxrilebSi:

123
cxrili 3-112. saswavlo garemo klasSi da saswavlo masalebi

pasuxi diax
aris Tu ara klasSi moswavlisTvis Sesaferisi zomis merxebi

83 73 93
da skamebi?
aris Tu ara sul mcire erTi skami TiToeul moswavleze? 84 75 93
aris Tu ara merxebis sakmarisi raodenoba? 86 82 95
aris Tu ara carci/saweri dafa? 90 85 95
aris Tu ara saweri masalebis dafisTvis? 83 75 90

N=484
cxrili 3-113. aris Tu ara merxebis da skamebis zoma moswavleebisTvis Sesaferisi (saklaso
dakvirveba S. 27)
respondentis kategoria diax χ2 cvladi albaToba
qalaqis skola 73
-2.26 0.039
soflis skola 86
skola mTian raionSi 80

-0.22 0.827
skola aramTian raionSi 84
skola soflad mTian raionSi 85

-0.30 *
skola soflad aramTian raionSi 88
moswavleebis raodenoba skolaSi: < 555 83

-0.12 0.905
moswavleebis raodenoba skolaSi: > 555 82
patara skola: moswavleebis raodenoba < 100 80

saSualo skola: moswavleebis raodenoba 100-750 84 1.80 0.632
didi skola: moswavleebis raodenoba >750 76
konsolidirebuli skola 83
-0.04 0.971
patara arakonsolidirebuli skola 83

1.55 0.142
arasapiloteskola 81

0.04 0.971
83
sapilote skola an skola Treningebi skolis bazazeT 0.04 0.971
moswavle/maswavlebebis Tanafardoba: < 0 83
0.13 0.896
moswavle/maswavlebebis Tanafardoba: > 0 83
dawyebiTi klasis maswavlebeli 90

2.79 0.014
saSualo an orive tipis klasebis maswavlebeli 78
maTematika, mecnierebebi, buneba, informatika 86

enebi an qarTuli ena 92 5.54 0.020
istoria, socialuri mecnierebebi, xelovneba 95
sxva sagnebi 93
-2.85 0.012
maTematika, mecnierebebi, informatika an buneba 86
aRmoCnda
124
cxrili 3-114. aris Tu ara sul mcire erTi skami mainc TiToeul moswavleze (saklaso
dakvirveba S. 28)
qalaqis skola 81
-0.66 0.520
soflis skola 85

-0.01 0.990

0.01 *

0.00 0.997


1.27 0.225

0.80 0.437
88
sapilote skola an skola Treningebi skolis bazazeT 0.80 0.437
2.83 0.013
arakonsolidirebuli skola 98


2.69 0.017
sxva sagnebi 94
-1.64 0.122

-0.31 0.760
aRmoCnda
125
cxrili 3-115. aris Tu ara klasSi merxebi sakmarisi raodenobiT, yvela moswavlisTvis (saklaso
dakvirveba S. 29)
qalaqis skola 84
-1.08 0.299
soflis skola 89

-0.36 0.726
-0.40 *

-0.73 0.478


0.71 0.490
arasapilot eskola 88

-0.12 0.908
88
sapilote skola an skola Treningebi skolis bazazeT -0.12 0.908
arasapilotes kola an skola maswavlebelTa treningis gareSe 89
2.85 0.013

4.51 0.000

sxva sagnebi 97
-0.67 0.511

-0.65 0.526

aRmoCnda
126
cxrili 3-116. aris Tu ara klasSi dafaze saweri masalebi (saklaso dakvirveba S. 31)
qalaqis skola 66
-2.53 0.023
soflis skola 88

0.61 0.553

0.56 *

-1.49 0.156


1.20 0.247

-0.80 0.434
78
sapilote skola an skola Treningebi skolis bazazeT -0.80 0.434
2.19 0.046

4.53 0.000

sxva sagnebi 90
0.06 0.954

-1.26 0.228
aRmoCnda
daswrebis sakiTxi potenciurad udidesi xelisSemSleli pirobaa swavlis

procesSi. gamokiTxvam gvaCvena, rom mcire raodenobis skolebisTvis es marTlac
problemas warmoadgens. maswavleblebis daaxloebiT 88% ambobs, rom mxolod
ramdenime moswavle ver axerxebs uamindobis gamo skolaSi mosvlas. Tumca,meore mxriv,
maswavleblebis 12% Tvlis, rom cudi amindi skolaSi siarulisTvis mniSvnelovani
damabrkolebeli pirobaa. es problema ufro aqtualuria maRalmTian regionebSi. aq
maswavleblebis 29% Tvlis, rom maTi moswavleebis umravlesobisaTvis cudi amindi
seriozuli dabrkolebaa. sainteresoa, rom statistikurad mniSvnelovani sxvaobebi
ar dafiqsirda qalaqis da soflis skolebs Soris. mogvianebiT, erT-erT nawilSi
aRniSnulia, rom direqtorebis 80% moswavleebis daswrebis dabal maCvenebels
satransporto saSualebebis simciriT xsnis.
127
cxrili 3-117. moswavleebis ra raodenobas ar SeuZlia skolaSi misvla cudi amindis gamo

Zalian cota 48 39 57
cota 40 37 47
mniSvnelovani nawili 12 7 17
sul 100
SeniSvna N=712
cxrili 3-118. moswavleebis ra raodenobas ar SeuZlia skolaSi misvla cudi amindis gamo
mniSvnelovani
respondentis kategoria Zalian cota cota χ2 cvladi albaToba
nawili
1.51 0.682
soflis skola 39 43 18 36.97 0.002
skola soflad, aramTian regionSi 39 43 18
38.79 *
skola mTian raionSi 70 27 3
aRmoCnda
kidev erTi barieri swavlis procesSi, romelic sxva qveynebisTvis aris

damaxasiaTebeli, aris maswavleblebis mier gakveTilis gacdena. am SemTxvevaSi
moswavleebs gakveTili an ucdebaT an sxva klass uerTdebian. rogorc gairkva,
saqarTvelos skolebSi es problema ar dgas, radgan direqtorebis gancxadebiT,
drodadro maswavleblebis mxolod 8% acdens gakveTils.
skolis gareT arsebuli xarisxiani saswavlo aqtivobebis Rirebuleba aseve
warmoadgens problemas Raribi ojaxis bavSvebisTvis. saqarTveloSic arsebobs
es problema. direqtorTa gamokiTxvidan gairkva, rom skolebis umetesoba (88 %)
moswavleebs uzrunvelyofs klasgareSe RonisZiebebiT damatebiTi anazRaurebis
gareSe. skolebis mxolod 12% awesebs mcireoden gadasaxads. umeteswilad
gadasaxadebi dawesebulia qalaqis skolebSi, xolo soflis skolebSi klasgareSe
RonisZiebebi ufasoa.
128
cxrili 3-119. moswavleebis ixdian Tu ara gadasaxads imisaTvis, rom CaerTon skolis klasgareSe
aqtivobebSi an klubebSi (direqtorebis forma 2. S. 101a)
minimaluri saSualo didi

respondentis kategoria ufaso χ2 cvladi albaToba
gadasaxadi gadasaxadi gadasaxadi
skola soflad 97 2 1 0 -3.26 0.005
# = 82
araoficialuri saubrebidan da wina kvlevidan irkveva, rom kerZo gakveTilebze

moTxovna Zalian didia. zogierTi ojaxi adreuli asakidanve zrunavs SvilebisaTvis
kerZo gakveTilebze. Sefasebis jgufma maswavleblebs sTxova gamoeTvalaT kerZo
gakveTilebis saSualo Rirebuleba. medianis maCvenebeli iyo 400 lari, xolo
saSualo maCvenebeli 600 lari. urbanul adgilebSi saSualo maCvenebeli SesaZloa
ufro maRali iyos, Tumca statistikurad mniSvnelovani sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula.
maswavleblebis 10% pasuxi iyo saSualod 1500 lari, raionebis mixedviT saSualo
maCveneblebi meryeobs 250 laridan 1000 laramde. yvelaze dabali saSualo maCvenebelic
ki, vfiqrobT, rom sakmaod maRalia da soflad mcxovrebi ojaxebisTvis, romelTac
patara Semosavali aqvT, am Tanxis gadaxda SeuZlebelia.
zogadi SekiTxvis meTodi imitom SeirCa, rom Sefasebis jgufis azriT maswavleblebi ufro obieqtur pasuxs mogvcemdnen,
vidre ufro pirdapir SekiTxvaze, rogoricaa, rogoria Tqveni sazRauri kerZo gakveTilebisTvis. amitom, kvleva ar gvTavazobs sa-
Sualo maCveneblebs skolebis mixedviT. maswavleblebma, romlebmac nixri SemogvTavazes, Sefasebis jgufma aiRo saSualo maCvenebeli
monacemebSi dasafiqsireblad.

129
cxrili 1-120. kerZo gakveTilebis saSualo Rirebuleba wliurad, raionebis mixedviT
(maswavleblebis forma 2. S. 12)
raioni saSualo maCvenebeli qveda zRvari qveda zRvari
1 467 436 497
2 900 784 1015
3 566 382 749
4 790 553 1026
5 515 488 541
6 561 386 734
7 506 482 530
8 1004 873 1135
9 722 662 781
10 598 546 651
11 248 217 278
12 568 486 650
13 498 329 667
14 554 368 739
15 404 346 461
16 802 441 1162
17 864 771 957
18 532 339 664
19 448 397 498
20 261 241 280
# = 291
cxrili 3-121. kerZo gakveTilebis saSualo Rirebuleba adgilmdebareobis mixedviT (maswavleblebis

forma 2. S. 12)

pasuxi
maCvenebeli
qalaqis 606 497 716
soflad 526 351 701
mTiani 701 447 955
sul 100
SeniSvna N=712
130
3.3.3. skola, saklaso masalebi da saswavlo garemo
3.3.3.1 skola, saklaso masalebi da saswavlo garemo: saxelmZRvaneloebi

Sefasebis jgufma Seiswavla skolebi, saklaso masalebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi.
aRmoCnda,rom maswavleblebis umetesoba iyenebs axal masalebs,Tumca maswavleblebis
daaxloebiT meoTxedi aRniSnavs, rom moswavleebs ar aqvT saxelmZRvaneloebi, xolo
maswavleblebis damxmare gzamkvlevebi yovelTvis xelmisawvdomi ar aris. zogadad,
maswavleblebi kmayofilni arian axali saxelmZRvaneloebiTa da maswavlebelTa
damxmare gzamkvlevebiT. erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris wina
kvlevasTan SedarebiT es Sedegi ukeTesobis maCvenebelia. fokusjgufebis ganxilvebSi
ki gamovlinda, rom erT-erTi ZiriTadi problemaa, saxelmZRvaneloebSi sakiTxavi
teqstebis Seusabamoba moswavlis donesa da SesaZleblobasTan.
gamokiTxul maswavlebelTa 57% aRniSnavs, rom axali saxelmZRvaneloebi
gamoiyeneba maT klasebSi. am TvalsazrisiT, statistikurad mniSvnelovani sxvaobebi
ar dafiqsirebula skolebis adgilmdebareobis, qalaqisa da soflis skolebis
mixedviT.
cxrili 3-122. aris Tu ara axali saswavlo gegmebis mixedviT Sedgenili saxelmZRvaneloebi
xelmisawvdomi Tqvens klasebSi (maswavleblis forma2 S.21)
xi
respondentis kategoria diax kvadratis albaToba
cvladi
qalaqis skola 59
0.96 0.351
soflis skola 55

0.45 0.660
skola soflad 59
qalaqis skola 56 -0.64 0.531
-0.09 0.921
mTiani skola 55
skola 750 an meti moswavliT 57

0.22 0.826
skola 750 an naklebi moswavliT 58
dawyebiTi 56
SeniSvna N=695
Sefasebis jgufi dainteresda gaerkvia, warmoadgens Tu ara saxelmZRvaneloebis

nakleboba saswavlo procesis xelisSemSlel faqtors, aRsaniSnavia rom es mizezi
gamovlinda erT-erT xelisSemSlel faqtorad sabaziso kvlevaSi. direqtorTa
interviuebidan gairkva, rom skolebs saxelmZRvaneloebi urigdebaT saswavlo
wlis dawyebamde, rig SemTxvevaSi saswavlo wlis dawyebis Semdeg da zogierT
SemTxvevaSi saerTod ar urigdebaT. Sefasebis jgufma gamokiTxa maswavleblebi, raTa
gaerkvia, Tu ramden moswavles ar aqvs saerTod saxelmZRvanelo. maswavleblebis
naxevarze meti (63%) ambobs, rom saxelmZRvanelo aqvs yvelas an ar aqvs Zalian
mcire nawils. Tumca amasaTanave, maswavleblebis 26% acxadebs, rom moswavleTa did
nawils saxelmZRvanelo ar daaqvs skolaSi. soflis da mTiani regionis skolebis
131
maswavleblebi aRniSnaven, rom moswavleebi ukeT arian momaragebuli wignebiT, vidre
Tavad maswavleblebi. dawyebiTi klasis maswavleblebis Tanaxmad Zalian cotaa
maT klasebSi iseTi moswavle, romelsac saxelmZRvanelo ar aqvs. zusti monacemebi
warmodgenilia qvemoT mocemul cxrilebSi:
cxrili 3-123. klasebSi, sadac axali saswavlo programebi danergilia, moswavleebis ra

raodenobas ar aqvs axali saxelmZRvaneloebi (maswavleblebis forma 1. S. 26)

procentuli
pasuxi
maCvenebeli
axali saxelmZRvaneloebi araa mzad Cemi arcerTi

11 7 15
klasisTvis
arcerTs an ramdenimes 10 7 13
mcire nawils 53 46 61
bevrs 26 21 30
sul 100
SeniSvna N=712
cxrili 3-124. klasebSi, sadac axali saswavlo programebia danergili, moswavleebis ra

raodenobas ar aqvs axali saxelmZRvaneloebi (maswavleblebis forma 1. S. 26)
xi-
arcerTs an mcire
respondentis kategoria bevrs kvadratis albaToba
ramdenimes nawils
cvladi
14.71 0.093
skola soflad 15 61 24
qalaqis skola 9 50 40 32.49 0.001
skola 750 an meti moswavliT 8 59 32
14.65 0.010
skola 750 an naklebi moswavliT 17 61 22
skola Sida-saskolo maswavlebelTa treinigiT 18 48 35

2.03 0.190
skola Sida-saskolo maswavlebelTa treinigis gareSe 11 61 27
humanitaruli 8 63 30 7.67 0.177
dawyebiTi 18 64 17
Sefasebis jgufma sakiTxis ukeT Sesaswavlad saklaso dakvirvebebi ganaxorciela.

aRmoCnda,rom im klasebis 38%,sadac axali programa danergilia,axali saxelmZRvanelo
yvela moswavles ar aqvs. damatebiTma kvlevam SesaZloa ukeT cxadyos, Tu ratom
ar aqvT moswavleebs saxelmZRvaneloebi maSin, roca es saswavlo procesisTvis
aucilebeli pirobaa.
zustad araa cnobili moswavleebis ra nawils ar hqonda saxelmZRvanelo am klasebSi.
132
cxrili 3-125. saxelmZRvaneloebi da saswavlo masalebi (saklaso dakvirvebis forma)
95%-iani sarwmunoobis
intervali
pasuxi diax
aris Tu ara axali saxelmZRvaneloebi klasSi? 59 49 70
aris Tu ara sul mcire erTi axali saxelmZRvanelo TiToeul moswavleze? 42 30 53
aris Tu ara axali saxelmZRvaneloebi gamoyenebaSi? 52 42 63
xSirad iyeneben Tu ara axal saxelmZRvaneloebs? 45 36 55
xSirad iyeneben Tu ara damatebiT saswavlo masalebs? 44 37 52

N=484
cxrili 3-126. aris Tu ara sul mcire erTi axali saxelmZRvanelo TiToeuli moswavlisTvis
im klasebSi, sadac swavleba axali programiT mimdinareobs (saklaso dakvirvebis forma S.33)
savaraudo 95%-iani sarwmunoobis intervali

pasuxi procentuli
maCvenebeli qveda zRvari zeda zRvari
diax 38 23 53
ara 62 47 77
sul 100
SeniSvna N=712
kvlevam aCvena, rom 2005-2006 wlebis kvlevis SedegebTan SedarebiT (kvleva Caatara
erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centrma) maswavleblebis damokidebuleba
axali saxelmZRvaneloebisadmi aSkaradD gaumjobesda. 2005-2006 wlebis kvlevaSi,
saxelmZRvaneloebis pilotirebis sawyis etapze, maswavleblebi aRniSnaven, rom
saxelmZRvaneloebi mokle vadebSi daiwera da xarvezebic bevria. winamdebare
kvlevam ki aCvena, rom maswavleblebma ufro metad gaicnes axali saxelmZRvaneloebi
da xarisxic gacilebiT ufro gaumjobesda, radgan gamomcemlebma SeiZines kargi
gamocdileba xarisxiani produqciis gamoSvebaSi. dResdReobiT maswavleblebi ufro
gaiwafnen axali saxelmZRvaneloebis gamoyenebaSi da axla ufro kmayofilebi arian
axali saxelmZRvaneloebis xarisxiT.
zogierT qveyanaSi am sakiTxis kvlevisas aRmoCnda, rom maswavleblebi imis
SiSiT, rom axali saxelmZRvaneloebi ar daazianon, maT faqtobrivad arc ki iyeneben.
saqarTvelos skolebSi msgavsi problema ar dafiqsirebula. maswavleblebis umetesoba
(81%) gvpasuxobs, rom isini iyeneben axal saxelmZRvaneloebs ramdenime klasTan.
rogorc mosalodneli iyo, sapilote skolebSi aseTi maswavleblebis raodenoba
ufro metia (82%), vidre ara-sapilote skolebSi (67%). statistikurad mniSvnelovani
gansxvavebebi ar dafiqsirebula maswavlebelTa kategoriebis mixedviT. sainteresoa,
rom maswavleblebi, romlebic iyeneben axal meTodebs, ufro xSirad iyeneben axal
saxelmZRvaneloebsac.

133
cxrili 3-127. ra sixSiriT iyenebT axal saxelmZRvaneloebs Sesabamis klasebSi (maswavleblis
forma S.27)

procentuli
pasuxi
maCvenebeli
arc erT an zogierT klasSi 3 1 5
zogierT klasSi 8 5 10
ramdenime klasSi 8 6 10
umetes klasebSi 82 79 85
sul 100
SeniSvna N=712

forma 1 S.27)
arcerT an xi-
ramodenime zogierT Uumetes
respondentis kategoria ramdenime kvadratis albaToba
klasSi klasSi klasebSi
klasSi cvladi
1.16 0.869
soflis skola 3 9 7 81 4.91 0.645

8.09 0.151

7.45 0.102
skola treningebi skolis bazazes gareSe 2 10 9 79

15.89 0.002

8.45 0.058
humanitari 3 9 6 85 15.58 0.053
dawyebiTi 7 0 11 82
`kargad momzadebuli~ (1) maswavleblebi 3 14 9 83

9.14 0.047
`moumzadebeli~ maswavleblebi 7 7 7 71
interaqtiuli meTodebis gamoyeneba zogierT 7 12 14 67

an arcerT klasSi 47.18 0
interaqtiuli meTodebis gamoyeneba bevr/ 1 5 5 88
yevla klasSi
aqtiuri meTodebis dabali/saSualo 4 9 5 81

gamoyeneba 13.42 0.042
aqtiuri meTodebis maRali/xSiri gamoyeneba 2 4 9 85
SeniSvna (1): “kargad momzadebuli maswavleblebis kategoriaSi gaerTiandnen
is maswavleblebi, romlebmac maswavleblebis formis me-9 SekiTxvaze – ramdenad
kargad xarT momzadebuli aswavloT axali saswavlo programiT? - upasuxes: “kargad
momzadebuli” “Zalian kargad momzadebuli”
134
aRniSnuli migneba dadasturda saklaso dakvirvebebis Sedegadac, dadginda, rom
im klasebis 88%-Si sadac danergilia axali saswavlo programebi, saxelmZRvaneloebi
aqtiurad, magram ara universalurad gamoiyeneba.
cxrili 3-129. gamoiyeneba Tu ara axali saxelmZRvaneloebi? mxolod im klasebSi, sadac

danergilia axali programa (saklaso dakvirvebis forma S.35)

procentuli
pasuxi
maCvenebeli
ara 16 3 28
diax 84 72 97
sul 100
SeniSvna N=306
cxrili 3-130. gamoiyeneba Tu ara axali saxelmZRvaneloebi xSirad? mxolod im klasebSi, sadac
danergilia axali programa (saklaso dakvirvebis forma S.36)

pasuxi procentuli
ara 27 8 47
diax 73 53 92
sul 100
SeniSvna N=306
fokusjgufebis ganxilvebSi, maswavlebelTa umetesoba aRniSnavs, rom axali
saxelmZRvaneloebi garTulebulia, gansakuTrebiT ki maRali klasebisTvis.
maswavlebelTa gamokiTxvam ki, sapirispiro Sedegi gvaCvena. gamokiTxvis Sedegebis
mixedviT,maswavleblebis mxolod 17% fiqrobs,rom axali saxelmZRvaneloebi rTulia
da moswavleebis SesaZleblobebs ar Seesabameba. am monacemebis dasazusteblad,
rekomendebulia damatebiTi kvlevis Catareba, gansakuTrebiT ki maRali klasebis
saxelmZRvaneloebTan dakavSirebiT.
cxrili 3-131. ramdenad Seesabameba axali saxelmZRvaneloebi moswavleebis kiTxvis da zogad

unars. yvela maswavlebeli, vinc miiRo axali saxelmZRvanelo (maswavleblis forma S.29)

pasuxi procentuli
kiTxvis da zogad unarebze dabali 7 4 11
kiTxvis da zogad unarebis doneze 61 54 67
kiTxvis da zogad unarebze maRali 13 9 18
ar Seesabameba 19 14 23
sul 100
SeniSvna N=682
135
cxrili 3-132. ramdenad Seesabameba axali saxelmZRvaneloebi moswavleebis kiTxvis unars. yvela
maswavlebeli kategoriebis mixedviT, vinc miiRo axali saxelmZRvanelo (maswavleblis forma S.29)
zogad zogadi zogad Ti – an xi-

respondentis kategoria unarebze unarebis unarebze kvadratis albaToba
dabali doneze maRali cvladi
15.03 0.005
qalaqis skola 5 77 18 23.3 0.07

11.46 0.009
humanitari 4 81 15 9.02 0.398
dawyebiTi 13 75 13

zogierT an arcerT klasSi 0.47 0.791
bevr/yevla klasSi
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis dabali/ 14 69 17

saSualo gamoyeneba 5.66 0.191
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis maRali/xSiri 7 77 16
gamoyeneba
maswavleblebma fokusjgufebis ganxilvebSi aRniSnes, rom maswavleblebis

gzamkvlevebi Zalian sasargebloa,Tumca aris mxolod mwiri raodenobiT. gamokiTxvidan
gairkva, rom maswavleblebis gzamkvlevebi daurigda gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis
51%, xolo danarCen 49% ar aqvs gzamkvlevi. statistikurad mniSvnelovani sxaobebi
ar gamovlenila qalaqis da soflis skolebis mixedviT an sxvadasxva sagnis
maswavleblebs Soris,Tumca mcirekontigentiani skolis maswavleblebisTvis,rogorc
Cans gzamkvlevebi ufro xelmisawvdomia.
cxrili 3-133. gawvdiT Tu ara informacias maswavleblis gzamkvlevi swavlebis axali meTodebis
Sesaxeb. mxolod is maswavleblebi visac aqvs axali saxelmZRvaneloebi (maswavleblis forma2 S.29)
xi-
respondentis kategoria diax kvadratis albaToba
cvladi
qalaqis skola 58
-0.84 0.412
soflis skola 61

-0.67 0.512
qalaqis skola 62
skola soflad 58 0.93 0.795

-2.49 0.025
skola 750 an naklebi moswavliT 52
dawyebiTi 61
SeniSvna N=690
136
Sefasebis jgufma gamokiTxa maswavleblebs, Tu ramdenad aris arsebul
gzamkvlevebSi gakveTilis gegmebis sakmarisi raodenoba, gansakuTrebiT mniSvne
lovania gakveTilis gegmebi im maswavleblebisTvis, romlebic axal meTodebs ar
icnoben. maswavleblebis 46% aRniSna, rom gzamkvlevebi Seicavs gakveTilis gegmebis
da aqtiuri swavlebis aqtivobebis nimuSebis sakmaris raodenobas, xolo 28% Tvlis,
rom gzamkvlevebi moicavs arasakmarisi raodenobis nimuSebs (danarCeni 19% ar icnobs
axal programebs). sainteresoa, rom sxvaobebi ar gamovlinda sxvadasxva sagnebis
gzamkvlevebis SefasebaSi.
cxrili 3-134. ramdenad sakmarisia maswavleblebis gzamkvlevSi mocemuli gakveTilis gemebisa

da aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis magaliTebi (maswavleblis forma S.31)

pasuxi procentuli
arasakmarisi 28 23 32
daaxloebiT imdeni, ramdenic saWiroa 46 37 55
ar Seesabameba 19 14 25
sul 100
SeniSvna N=685
cxrili 3-135. ramdenad sakmarisia maswavleblebis gzamkvlevSi mocemuli gakveTilis gemebisa

da aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis nimuSebi (im maswavleblebis gamoklebiT, visac es kiTxva ar
Seesabameba (maswavleblis forma2 S.31)
Zalian daaxloebiT xi-

sakmarisze
respondentis kategoria mcire imdeni,ramdenic kvadratis albaToba
meti
moculobis saWiroa cvladi
3.78 0.388
skola soflad 24 50 7 9.93 0.006

6.52 0.121
humanitaruli 36 57 6 5.76 0.440
dawyebiTi 30 53 17
3.3.3.2. saskolo da saklaso masalebi da fizikuri garemo: damatebiTi resursebi da biblioTekis

masalebi
damatebiTi saswavlo masalebi
am nawilis pirvel qveTavSi ganxilulia iseTi damatebiTi masalebis

xelmisawvdomoba da gamoyeneba axali saswavlo gegmebisa da aqtiuri swavlebis

137
farglebSi, rogorebicaa ZiriTadi saxelmZRvaneloebis garda arsebuli wignebi,
TamaSebi, plakatebi da a.S. Sedegebi gvaCvenebs, rom damatebiTi resursebi dReisaTvis
jer kidev mcirea. miuxedvad imisa, rom yvela skolaSi aris biblioTeka, wignebi jer
kidev araa yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomi. Sefasebis Sedegebi aseve gvaCvenebs, saskolo
biblioTekebis programis mcire zegavlenas soflis skolebze.
yvela maswavlebeli aRniSnavs, rom damatebiTi masalebis deficiti abrkolebs
saswavlo process. kvlevam gamoavlina,rom am mxriv mcireodeni dadebiTi cvlilebebi
SeiniSneba, Tumca Sefasebis jgufma ver daadgina rogori mdgomareoba iyo am mxriv
reformamde. skolebis direqtorebis umetesoba aRniSnavs, rom skolis biujetSi
arasakmarisi fondebia iseTi elementaruli sakancelario nivTebis SesaZenad,
rogorebicaa webovani qaRaldebi, skoCi, muyao, rac skolebs sWirdeba aucilebeli
damatebiTi saswavlo resursebis da damxmare vizualuri masalebis Sesaqmnelad.
es resursebi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania dawyebiTi klasebisaTvis, iseve rogorc
samecniero da sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis swavlebisTvis.
fokusjgufebis Tanaxmad, saklaso oTaxebSi aRiniSneba damatebiTi saswavlo
masalebis nakleboba. saklaso dakvirvebebma gvaCvena, rom klasebis umetes nawilSi
saerTod ar iyeneben an Zalian iSviaTad iyeneben TamaSebs, klasgareSe saswavlo
wignebs, plakatebs. saklaso dakvirvebebma gvaCvena, rom klasebis 67% ar gamouyenebia
TamaSebi, xolo klasebis 31% iyenebs mxolod erTidan oTxamde TamaSs. sagnebis
swavlebaSi aRiniSneba damatebiTi masalebis mniSvnelovani nakleboba. miuxedvad
reformis farglebSi gaxorcielebuli iniciativebisa, aRniSnuli problemis
gadasaWrelad saTanado materialuri baza jer kidev ar arsebobs. mopovebuli
informacis Tanaxmad, klasebis naxevarze meti damatebiT masalebis im SezRudul
raodenobasac ki ar iyenebs, romlebic ukve gadaeca skolebs. kvlevis analizi am
kuTxiT detaluri ar aris, vinaidan saklaso dakvirvebebi siRrmiseuli ar yofila.
amasTan erTad, daudgenelia zustad ra kavSiria klasSi gamoyenebul masalebsa da
damatebiTi masalebis programiT miwodebul resursebs Soris. drois simciris gamo,
ver ganisazRvra, Tu ramdenad warmatebiT iyeneben skolebi damatebiT saswavlo
masalebs SemoqmedebiTi ganviTarebisa da aqtiuri swavlebis dasanergad.
cxrili 3-136. sxva damatebiTi masalebi, TamaSebi (saklaso dakvirvebis forma S.44a)

masalebis raodenoba diax
0 66 59 75
1-4 31 24 38
5+ 3 -2 7
sul 100
SeniSvna N=368
dawyebiT klasebSi 47% iyenebs 1-4 TamaSs, xolo saSualo klasebSi 15%
138
cxrili 3-137. wignebi ZiriTadi saswavlo saxelmZRvaneloebis garda (saklaso dakvirvebis
forma S.44a)

0 35 15 56
1-4 54 36 72
5+ 11 6 16
sul 100
SeniSvna N=368
cxrili 3-138. plakatebi (saklaso dakvirvebis forma S.44c)

0 39 23 55
1-4 30 20 39
5+ 31 10 52
sul 100
SeniSvna N=399
cxrili 3-139. sxva damatebiTi masalebi (saklaso dakvirvebis forma S.44d)

0 40 21 59
1-4 37 19 55
5+ 23 10 35
sul 100
SeniSvna N=317
damatebiTi masalebis kategoriebi gavaerTianeT erT indeqsad, sadac 0 aRniSnavs

0-s, 1 aRniSnavs 1-4-s, da 2 aRniSnavs 5+-s. amgvarad unda dagvedgina, hqonda Tu ara
romelime kategoriis skolas meti an naklebi raodenobis damatebiT saswavlo
masalebi. gamovlinda, rom maRalkontigentian da qalaqis skolebSi, aseve zogadad
saSualo donis klasebSi, damatebiTi resursebi naklebadaa.
139
cxrili 3-140. damatebiTi saswavlo masalebis xelmisawvdomobis indeqsi (saklaso dakvirveba S.
44a-d)
xi-kvadratis
respondentis kategoria diax albaToba
cvladi
qalaqis skola 6.10
-2.41 0.037
soflis skola 6.90
skola soflad mTian raionSi 6.63

1.23 0.258
maRalmTian raionSi 7.10
moswavleebis raodenoba skolaSi: < 555 6.79

-1.88 0.090
moswavleebis raodenoba skolaSi: > 555 5.78
patara skola: moswavleebis raodenoba < 100 6.85

saSualo skola: moswavleebis raodenoba 100-750 6.52 -0.99 0.345
didi skola: moswavleebis raodenoba >750 6.11
saswavlo gegmebis sapilote skola 6.14

-1.40 0.192
ara-sapilote skola 6.65
maswavleblebis treiningebi skolis bazaze 6.39

-0.65 0.533
skola maswavlebelTa treiningis gareSe 6.70
6.39
Sapilote skola an skola maswavlebelTa treiningebiT skolis bazaze -0.65 0.533
ara-sapilote skola an skola maswavlebelTa treiningis gareSe 6.70
saSualo an orive donis maswavlebeli dawyebiTi klasis 6.18
2.97 0.014
maswavlebeli 6.98
maTematika, mecnierebebi, buneba, informatika 6.37

enebi an qarTuli ena 6.65 0.88 0.399
istoria, socialuri mecnierebebi, xelovneba 6.94
sxva sagnebi 6.74

-0.87 0.403
maTematika, mecnierebebi, informatika an buneba 6.37
moswavle/maswavlebebis Tanafardoba: < 0 6.73

-1.34 0.210
moswavle/maswavlebebis Tanafardoba: > 0 6.16
Sefasebis jgufis davalebiT damkvirveblebma moi poves informacia maswavleblebis

mier damatebiTi masalebis gamoyenebis sixSiris Sesaxeb. aseTi dakvirveba marTalia
subieqturia, magram damkvirveblebis azriT damatebiT masalebs xSirad ar iyeneben.
miuxedavad imisa, rom damatebiTi masalebis gamofena moewyo ramdenime wlis win,
maswavleblebi aRniSnul masalebs aqtiurad mainc ar iyeneben.
cxrili 3-139. sxva damatebiTi masalebi (saklaso dakvirvebis forma S.44d)

pasuxi diax
gamoiyeneba Tu ara damatebiTi saswavlo masalebi aqtiurad? 44 37 52
sul 100
N=484
biblioTekis resursebi
ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemebis uaxlesi monacemebis mixedviT (2005-

06) skolebis 22% ar aqvs biblioTeka. direqtorebis da adinistratorebis Tanaxmad,
skolebis 83% aqvs biblioTeka an calke gamoyofili oTaxi, damatebiTi saswavlo
140
wignebiT da resursebiT. am ori wyarodan mopovebuli informacia niSandoblivad ar
gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan. maswavleblebis gamokiTxvamac, skolebSi biblioTekebis
arsebobis Sesaxeb, analogiuri Sedegebi gvaCvena (“ar vici”-s gamoricxvis Semdeg).
rogorc mosalodneli iyo,biblioTekebi ufro xSirad maRalkontigentian da qalaqis
skolebSia. fizikurad optimizirebul skolebSi savaraudod aris biblioTekebi,
Tumca aseTi skolebis simciris gamo SeuZlebelia Sedegebis ganzogadeba qveynis
masStabiT.
cxrili 3-142. aris Tu ara skolaSi biblioTeka/calke gamoyofili oTaxi wignebisTvis (saskolo
dakvirvebis forma S.38)

pasuxi diax
diax 83 68 98
ara 17 2 32
sul 100
N=103
cxrili 3-143. aris Tu ara skolaSi biblioTeka/calke gamoyofili oTaxi wignebisTvis (saskolo
dakvirvebis forma S.38)
xi-kvadratis
respondentis kategoria diax % albaToba
cvladi
qalaqis skola 100
2.48 0.025
soflis skola 76

0.20 0.841
maRalmTian raionSi 83

2.40 0.030

cxrili 3-144. aris Tu ara skolaSi biblioTeka an calke gamoyofili oTaxi saswavlo
wignebisTvis da resursebisTvis (maswavleblebis forma 1. S.22)

pasuxi diax
diax 77 69 85
ara 19 11 27
ar vici 4 2 6
sul 100
N=702
141
xi-kvadratis
respondentis kategoria Ddiax ara ar vici albaToba
cvladi
12.14 0.177
soflis skola 74 22 4 12.78 0.586
skola maRalmTian raionSi 75 25 0
sabiblioTeko programaSi CarTuli skola 89 7 4

23.96 0.004
sabiblioTeko programaSi aramonawile skola 73 23 3
sabiblioTeko programaSi CarTuli soflis skola 89 7 4

6.22 *
sabiblioTeko programaSi aramonawile soflis skola 81 15 5
* albaTobis cvladis gamoTvla qyveynis masStabiT gansazogadeblad SeuZlebelia
umetes qveyanaSi,biblioTekis cnebaSi moiazreba ara marto wignebis sacavi oTaxi,aramed

farTi, sadac moswavleebs SeuZliaT kiTxva da muSaoba. aRmoCnda, rom daTvalierebuli
skolebis 94 biblioTekidan 41 procents moswavleebis muSaobisTvis arasakmarisi farTi
aqvs. rac ufro pataraa skola, miT ufro patara farTi uWiravs biblioTekas, es uxeSi
Sefasebaa da kvleva skolebSi biblioTekebisTvis gamoyofili damatebiTi farTis Sesaxeb
ar Catarebula. Tumca, rogorc erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris
direqtorma aRniSna interviuSi, skolebs amgvari damatebiTi farTi ar gaaCniaT.
cxrili 3-146. aqvs Tu ara skolis biblioTekas moswavleebis muSaobisTvis sakmarisi farTi
(saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.40)

pasuxi diax
diax 59 41 77
ara 41 23 59
sul 100
N=94
cxrili 3-147. aqvs Tu ara skolis biblioTekas moswavleebis muSaobisTvis sakmarisi farTi
(saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.40)
xi-kvadratis
respondentis kategoria Ddiax albaToba
cvladi
qalaqis skola 48
-1.02 0.323
soflis skola 64
-3.88 0.001
ara-maRalmTiani raioni 63
moswavleebis raodenoba skolaSi 555 an meti 61

0.14 0.887
moswavleebis raodenoba skolaSi 555-ze naklebi 59

142
miuxedavad imisa,rom TiTqmis yvela skolaSi aris biblioTeka,erovnuli saswavlo
gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris direqtori aRniSnavs, rom saskolo biblioTekebis
programaSi CarTuli skolebis garda, skolebis biblioTekebSi arsebuli resursebi
araadekvaturia da xels ar uwyobs aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis danergvas.
aRniSnuli faqti iyo swored, saskolo biblioTekebis programis motivacia, romelic
ZiriTadad soflis skolebSi ganxorcielda. Sefasebis jgufma Sesabamisad Seiswavla
skolebis administraciebis mosazreba biblioTekebis resursebis Sesaxeb. skolebis
51% administracias eWvi epareba, rom maTi skolebis biblioTekaSi arsebobs iseTi
resursebi, romlebic axali saganmanaTleblo miznebis da saswavlo gegmebis
gaxorcielebas Seuwyobs xels. gamokiTxvebis SedegebSi, zogadad, mniSvnelovani
gansxvavebebi ar dafiqsirebula soflis da qalaqis skolebs Soris, Tumca
mcirekontigentiani skolebSi gamokiTxvis pasuxebi ufro iSviaTad iyo dadebiTi.
saskolo biblioTekebis programaSi CarTuli skolebis mxolod 35% fiqrobs, rom
maT biblioTekaSi arsebuli resursebi xels uwyobs axali saswavlo gegmebis
gaxorcielebas. es maCvenebeli mainc orjer metia am programis miRma darCenili
soflis skolebis maCvenebelze (cxrili 3-151). erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da
Sefasebis centris direqtorma aRniSna, rom Sefasebis sabWos SeeZlo Camoeyalibebina
wignis SerCevis kriteriumebi sxvadasxva sagnobrivi jgufebis mixedviT. am midgomiT
SesaZloa gazrdiliyo saskolo biblioTekebis programaSi CarTuli skolebis
maCvenebeli. Tumca, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom aRniSnuli programa Zalian mcire
raodenobis wignebiT uzrunvelyofs skolebs (107), SesaZloa mocemuli maCvenebeli
arc ki gazrdiliyo.
cxrili 3-147. skolis biblioTekaSi arsebuli wignebi Seesabameba Tu ara ganaTlebis erovnul
miznebs (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.39)

pasuxi diax
diax 51 32 69
ara 49 31 68
sul 100
N=94
cxrili 3-149. skolis biblioTekaSi arsebuli wignebi Seesabameba Tu ara ganaTlebis erovnul
miznebs (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.39)
xi-kvadratis
respondentis kategoria Ddiax albaToba
cvladi
qalaqis skola 56
0.50 0.622
soflis skola 48
-0.15 0.883
ara-maRalmTiani raioni 51
moswavleebis raodenoba skolaSi 555 an meti 58

0.54 0.598
moswavleebis raodenoba skolaSi 555-ze naklebi 49

143
cxrili 3-150. Tu Tqvens skolaSi aris biblioTeka, Seesabameba Tu ara biblioTekaSi arsebuli
wignebi axali saswavlo gegmebs (maswavleblebis forma 1. S.23)

pasuxi diax
ar aris biblioTeka 4 0 8
diax 20 14 26
metnaklebad 47 39 55
ara 24 17 31
ar vici 4 2 7
sul 100
N=694 SeniSvna: saerTo ricxvi ar Seadgens 100 procents damrgvalebis gamo
Ti-testis an
respondentis kategoria diax metnaklebad ara xi-kvadratis albaToba
cvladi
27.92 0.078

52.93 0.010
28.64 *
sabiblioTeko programaSi aramonawile soflis skola 18 47 27
biblioTekebis arsebobas arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar aqvs Tu maswavleblebisTvis

da moswavleebisTvis saTanado masalebi xelmisawvdomi araa. sxva qveynebSi
gavrcelebulia SemTxvevebi, roca skolis administracia SezRudvebs awesebs
resursebis gamoyenebaze da am gziT icavs resursebs dazianebis an dakargvisgan.
erovnuli saswvalo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris direqtoris Tanaxmad, miuxedavad
imisa, rom resursebi xelmisawvdomi unda iyos, araoficialuri wyaroebidan miRebuli
informaciiT moswavleebisTvis da maswavleblebisTvis resursebi yovelTvis
xelmisawvdomi ar aris, xSir SemTxvevaSi ki, biblioTekebSi arc sakmarisi farTia
kiTxvisa da muSaobisTvis. gamokiTxvis Tanaxmad, maswavleblebis 40% ambobs, rom
maTTvis biblioTekaSi arsebuli resursebi yovelTvis xelmisawvdomia, danarCeni
maswavleblebis umetesoba acxadebs, rom maTTvis resursebi xelmisawvdomia
“iSviaTad” da 15%-Tvis ki - “arasodes”. saskolo biblioTekebis programis Sedegebi
Cans maswavleblebis gamokiTxvis SedegebSi. gamovlinda, rom soflis skolis
maswavleblebisTvis gacilebiT ufro xSiradaa xelmisawvdomi biblioTekaSi
arsebuli resursebi, vidre qalaqis skolis maswavleblebisTvis. dawvrilebiTi
informaciisaTvis ixileT qvemoT mocemuli cxrili. iseTi maswavleblebi,
romelTaTvisac resursebi naklebadaa xelmisawvdomi ramdenime konkretul skolas
ar warmoadgenen, rac imas niSnavs, rom konkretuli skolebi mudmivad ar uSlian
maswavleblebs xels gamoiyenon biblioTekaSi arsebuli resursebi. Tumca, aseTi
144
maswavleblebi mainc jgufebad arian warmodgenilni zogierTi skolebidan, rac
imaze migvaniSnebs, rom problema skolebis administraciidan momdinareobs da ara
maswavleblidan. saministrom da erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centrma,
albaT saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis meSveobiT, unda ganumartos skolebis
administraciebs, rom biblioTeka xelmisawvdomi unda iyos maswavleblebisTvis.
skolis administraciam an yvela maswavlebeli unda uzrunvelyos biblioTekis
gasaRebiT an biblioTeka Ria unda iyos samuSao saaTebSi.
cxrili 3-151. Tu Tqvens skolaSi arsebobs biblioTeka, ramdenad xelmisawvdomia is da misi

resursebi TqvenTvis (maswavleblebis forma 1. S.24)

pasuxi diax
arasodes 15 9 22
iSviaTad 44 34 54
xSirad 40 29 51
sul 100
SeniSvna: saerTo ricxvi ar Seadgens 100 procents damrgvalebis gamo N=666
cxrili 3-152. Tu Tqvens skolaSi arsebobs biblioTeka, ramdenad xelmisawvdomia is da misi

resursebi TqvenTvis (maswavleblebis forma 1. S.24)
xi-kvadratis
respondentis kategoria arasodes iSviaTad xSirad an Ti-testis albaToba
cvladi
23.47 0.048
soflis skola 13 37 50 24.88 0.189
skola maRalmTian raionSi 15 32 53

52.50 0.002

sabiblioTeko programaSi aramonawile soflis 15 52 33
40.67 *
skola
ìrmis naxtomis~ programis treningebSi monawile 29 55 15
5.46 0.195
ìrmis naxtomis~ treningi ar gauvlia 40 46 14
mecniereba/maTematika 14 47 39
humanitaruli 10 51 39 7.08 0.232
dawyebiTi 21 51 28
miuxedavad imisa, rom skolebis biblioTekebSi arsebuli mcire raodenobis

resursebic ki mudmivad xelmisawvdomi ar aris, maswavleblebis didi umravlesoba
(85%) acxadebs, rom maT mier micemuli davalebebis Sesasruleblad moswavleebi
valdebulebi arian gamoiyenon klasgareSe wignebi (Tumca aucilebeli araa skolis
biblioTekidan).

145
cxrili 3-153. aZlevT Tu ara moswavleebs iseT davalebas, romelic saWiroebs klasgareSe
wignebis/masalebis gamoyenebas (maswavleblebis forma 1. S.25)

pasuxi diax
ki 85 81 86
ara 15 11 19
sul 100
N=698
cxrili 3-154. aZlevT Tu ara moswavleebs iseT davalebas, romelic saWiroebs klasgareSe
wignebis/masalebis gamoyenebas (maswavleblebis forma 1. S.25)
xi-kvadratis
respondentis kategoria diax ara an Ti-testis albaToba
cvladi
qalaqis skola 85 15
0.004 0.969
soflis skola 85 15
qalaqis skola 85 15
soflis skola 85 15 0.127 0.953
skola maRalmTian raionSi 86 14
sabiblioTeko programaSi CarTuli skola 84 16

0.57 0.602
sabiblioTeko programaSi aramonawile skola 86 15
85 15
sabiblioTeko programaSi CarTuli soflis skola
0.28 *
sabiblioTeko programaSi aramonawile soflis skola
86 14
3.3.3.4. skolebis fizikuri konsolidaciis Sesabamisoba axal saswavlo gegmebTan
axali ti pis swavlebaze,romelic reformis Sedegad unda dainergos,SesaZlebelia

uaryofiTi gavlena moaxdinos skolebSi materialuri bazis naklovanebebma, kerZod
biblioTekebis, mecnieruli laboratoriebis da savarjiSo darbazebis ararsebobam.
garda amisa, skolebSi aucileblad unda iyos elementaruli pirobebi: gaTboba da
ganaTeba. mravali faqti metyvelebs imaze, rom saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistema
damoukideblobis sawyis wlebSi mitovebuli iyo da dResac am sistemaSi aqtualuria
materialur bazis ganaxlebisa da reabilitaciis sakiTxebi. ganaTlebis marTvis
sainformacio sistemebis uaxlesi monacemebis (2005-2006) mixedviT, zogadad sistemaSi
komunaluri momsaxureba erT-erT udides da yvelaze farTod gavrcelebul
problemas warmoadgens.
ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemebis uaxlesi monacemebis (2005-2006)
mixedviT,im droisTvis arsebuli skolebidan,41 procenti eleqtroenergiis miwodebis
arastabilurobis problemis winaSe idga. skolebis 72 procentisTvis kanalzizaciis
sistema iyo problema, xolo skolebis 92 procentisTvis gaTbobis sistema. skolebis
mniSvnelovani nawilms aqvs wylis filtraciis, xanZarsaSiSroebis problema,
aseve problemaa kontigentis Sevsebac - aRniSnavs godfri, (2007). am problemebis
mogvarebas xeli unda Seuwyos saministros mier gaxorcielebulma skolebis
konsolidaciis iniciativam. konsolidaciis sakiTxi detalurad ganxilulia me-5
146
nawilSi. amasTan erTad, iakob gogebaSvilis sareabilitacio programa iTavliswinebs
skolebis materialuri bazis yvelaze kritikuli saWiroebebis dakmayofilebas,
kerZod, saxuravebis, xanZris an wylisgan dazianebuli monakveTebis SekeTeba da
sakomunikacio sistemebiT skolebis uzrunvelyofas. saministros warmomadgenlebis
Tanaxmad, TiToeul raionSi xorcieldeba erTi skolis sruli reabilitacia, xolo
sxvadasxva raionebSi jamSi 218 skolis msubuqi SekeTeba, saxuravebis, sakomunikacio
sistemebis, gaTbobis sistemebis da fanjrebis ganaxleba.
am Sefasebis farglebSi ar Catarebula skolebis saWiroebebis Zireuli mokvleva,
magram miRebuli informaciis Tanaxmad skolebSi SeiniSneba mdgomareobis mciredi
gaumjobeseba da samomavlod gasaTvaliswinebeli bevri saWiroebis gansazRvra.
skolebis direqtorebis 80% ganacxada, rom maT skolebs eleqtroenergia miewodebaT
mudmivad. qalaqis skolebis TiTqmis absolutur umravlesobas (97%) mudmivad
miewodeba eleqtroenergia, maSin roca soflis skolebs Soris es maCvenebeli 69
procentia. im mcire raodenobis maRalmTiani raionebis skolebidan, romlebic
gamokiTxul iqna, yvelam ganacxada, rom eleqtroenergia mudmivad miewodebaT. saerTo
jamSi, mocemuli monacemebi didi warmatebis maCvenebelia ganaTlebis marTvis
sainformacio sistemebis ukanasknel monacemebTan (2005-06 weli) SedarebiT, sadac
skolebis 41% ganicdida eleqtroenergiis naklebobas. miuxedvad am warmatebisa,
mainc rCeba skolebi, romelTac eleqtroenergia mudmivad ar miewodebaT, rac xels
uSlis saswavlo procesis warmatebiT warmarTvas am skolebis zogierT saklaso
oTaxebSi,skolis administraciebs Soris,aseve,saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebTan da
saministrosTan aqtiuri kontaqtebis SenarCunebas da kompiuteruli aRWurvilobis
gamoyenebas.
Sefasebis jgufma daadgina, rom im SemTxvevaSi Tu aRmoifxvreboda kanalizaciis
da wyalmomaragebis sistemebSi arsebuli problemebi, Seswavlili skolebis 70%
eqneboda adekvaturi standartebis sanitaruli kvanZebi. qalaqis skolebis 80%
da soflis skolebis 64% aRniSnavs, rom maTi sanitaruli kvanZebi adekvaturia.
kanalizaciis da araadekvaturi sanitaruli kvanZebis problemam SesaZloa uaryofiTi
gavlena iqonios moswavleebis, gansakuTrebiT ki, gognebis daswrebaze.
cxrili 3-155. eqneboda Tu ara Tqvens skolas adekvaturi sanitaruli kvanZebi, aRmofxvrili rom
iyos kanalizaciis da wyalmomaragebis problemebi (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.43)

pasuxi diax
diax 70 51 88
ara 30 12 49
sul 100
N=101
147
cxrili 3-156. eqneboda Tu ara Tqvens skolas adekvaturi sanitaruli kvanZebi, aRmofxvrili rom
iyos kanalizaciis da wyalmomaragebis problemebi (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.43)
xi-kvadratis
respondentis kategoria Ddiax % an Ti-testis albaToba
cvladi
qalaqis skola 83
1.64 0.121
soflis skola 64
skola maRalmTian raionSi 36

-1.49 0.156
skola aramaRalmTian raionSi 74
fizikurad konsolidirebuli skola 80
1.40 0.221
skola 555-ze naklebi moswavliT, ara konsolidirebuli 60

1.62 0.126
skola 555-ze naklebi moswavliT 67
sul mcire 10 moswavle erT maswavlebelze 64

-0.57 0.574
10-ze naklebi moswavle erT maswavlebelze 71
saskolo daTvalierebebma, romelic kvlevis farglebSi Catarda, gvaCvena, rom

naxevarze odnav met skolas (52%) aqvs savarjiSo darbazi, romelic funqcionirebs.
Cveni gaTvlebiT savarjiSo darbazebi aqvs qalaqis skolebis daaxloebiT 80% da
soflis skolebis 41%.
cxrili 3-157. aris Tu ara Tqvens skolaSi savarjiSo darbazi (saskolo daTvalierebis forma
1. S.41)

pasuxi diax
diax 52 41 63
ara 48 37 59
sul 100
N=98
cxrili 3-158 aris Tu ara Tqvens skolaSi savarjiSo darbazi (saskolo daTvalierebis forma
1. S.41)
xi-kvadratis an
respondentis kategoria Ddiax % albaToba
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 80
3.98 0.001
soflis skola 41

-0.78 0.450

10.17 0.000

skola 100-750 moswavliT 58 22.83 0.001
skola 750-ze meti moswavliT 100
148
kvlevam daadgina, rom im skolebSic ki, sadac savarjiSo darbazebi funqcionirebs,
darbazebis mxolod 44% aris saTanadod aRWurvili da aqtiurad gamoyenebuli.
cxrili 3-159. aris Tu ara savarjiSo darbazi saTanadod aRWurvili da aris Tu ara igi
aqtiurad gamoyenebuli (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.42)

pasuxi diax
diax 30 22 38
ara 70 62 78
sul 100
N=83
cxrili 3-160. aris Tu ara savarjiSo darbazi saTanadod aRWurvili da aris Tu ara igi
aqtiurad gamoyenebuli (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.42)
xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 50
4.18 0.001
soflis skola 21

-2.51 0.024

-1.29 0.153
skola 555-ze naklebi moswavliT, ara konsolidirebuli 37

4.60 0.000

4.06 0.001

skola 100-750 moswavliT 32 16.43 0.001
saklaso oTaxebis fizikuri daTvalierebis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom klasebis

67%-Si fanjrebi dazianebulia, Camtvreulia an muyaoTia Canacvlebuli. klasebis 18%-
Si Camtvreuli iyo erTi fanjara da klasebis 13%-Si ori fanjara. Sefasebis jgufis
monacemTa Semgroveblebis dakvirvebebis Sedegad aseve gamovlinda, rom qalaqis
skolebis 19%-Si da soflis skolebis 28%-Si arasakmarisi ganaTebaa (Rrublian
amindSi). saerTo jamSi, ganaTeba adekvaturia mcire da saSualokontigentiani
skolebis umetes nawilSi (79-80% Sesabamisad), xolo maRalkontigentian skolebSi,
sadac moswavleebis raodenoba 750-ze metia,klasebis mxolod 56%-Si aris adekvaturad
ganaTebuli.
149
cxrili 3-161. fizikuri garemo saklaso oTaxebSi da saswavlo masalebi

pasuxi diax
aris Tu ara fanjrebi dazianebuli/Camtvreuli an muyaoTi

33 0 41
Canacvlebuli?
aris Tu ara sakmarisi ganaTeba saklaso oTaxSi kiTxvisTvis
(maSin roca Rrubliani amindia da eleqtoenergia ar miewodeba 79 72 87
skolas)
aris Tu ara carci/dafa saklaso oTaxSi? 90 85 95
aris Tu ara dafaze saweri masalebi? 83 75 90

N=484
cxrili 3-162. ramdeni fanjaraa dazianebuli/Camtvreuli an muyaoTi Canacvlebuli? (maSin roca

Rrubliani amindia da eleqtoenergia ar miewodeba skolas) (saskolo daTvalierebis forma S.26)
Pprocentuli xi-kvadratis an
Camtvreuli fanjrebis raodenoba albaToba
maCvenebeli Ti-testis cvladi
0 67 32 100
1 18 0 40
2 13 0 26
3 2 0 3
4 1 0 2
6 <1 0 <1
sul 100
N=484
150
cxrili 3-163. aris Tu ara kiTxvisTvis sakmarisi ganaTeba saklaso oTaxSi (maSin roca Rrubliani
amindia da eleqtoenergia ar miewodeba skolas)? (saskolo daTvalierebis forma S.26)
xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 72
-1.03 0.321
soflis skola 81
0.78 0.446
soflis skola, aramaRalmTian raionSi 81

-1.12 0.282

-0.69 0.503
mcirekontigentiani skola 100-ze naklebi moswavliT 79

saSualokontigentiani skola 100-750 moswavliT 81 7.40 0.474
maRalkontigentiani skola 750-ze meti moswavliT 56

-4.95 0

-1.09 0.291
sapiloto skola an skola treningebi skolis bazaze 72

-1.09 0.291
ara-sapilote skola an skola maswavlebelTa treningis gareSe 81

-0.18 0.859

1.08 0.299
saSualo an orive donis klasebis maswavlebeli 76

sxva sagnebi 83
2.39 0.030
151
cxrili 3-164. aris Tu ara carci/dafa saklaso oTaxSi? (saskolo daTvalierebis forma S.30)
xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 85
-0.97 0.346
soflis skola 92
-0.05 0.964
soflis skola, aramaRalmTian raionSi 89

3.11 *
soflis skola maRalmTian raionSi 98

-1.06 0.305
mcirekontigentiani skola 100-ze naklebi moswavliT 93

saSualokontigentiani skola 100-750 moswavliT 90 3.53 0.455
maRalkontigentiani skola 750-ze meti moswavliT 81
saSualo an orive donis klasebis maswavlebeli dawyebiTi klasis 82

5.51 0.00
maswavlebeli 100

0.79 0.442

1.26 0.227
sapilote skola an skolis bazaze treningebSi monawile skola 89

1.26 0.227
ara-sapilote skola an skola maswavlebelTa treningis gareSe 94

2.89 0.012
administraciulad konsolidirebuli skola 98

sxva sagnebi 99
-1.11 0.284

-1.11 0.285
finansTa saministros monacemebis Tanaxmad skolebis reabilitaciis programasa

da “irmis naxtomis” sainformacio teqnologiebis programebze ganaTlebisa
da mecnierebis saministros biujetis 23%-ia gansazRvruli (godfri 2007).
reabilitaciisa da saremonto samuSaoebze gaweuli danaxarjebis saerTaSoriso
standartebi ar arsebobs, Tumca saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi gamoyofili didi Tanxa
arsebul saWiroebebs Seesabameba. skolebis materialuri bazebis mZime mdgomareoba
skolebis konsolidaciis erT-erTi motivaciaa. es sakiTxi ganxilulia kvlevis me-
4 nawilSi.
SezRuduli fondebiT SeuZlebelia yvela saWiroebis dakmayofileba mokle vadebSi,
amitom, zogierT SemTxvevebSi gamarTlebulicaa resursebis koncentracia moxdes
ufro naklebi raodenobis skolebze da ganxorcieldes skolebis konsolidacia
saswavlo garemos gaumjobesebis mizniT. Sefasebis jgufs ar gaukeTebia am rTuli
sakiTxis detaluri analizi. aSkaraa materialuri bazebis gaumjobesebis programis
gafarToebis aucilebloba. am kvlevis farglebSi mogrovili monacemebis analizi
skolebis doneze xorcieldeba da saTanadod ver afasebs moswavleTa problemebs.
152
winamdebare kvleva gvaCvenebs,rom am sakiTxze muSaobisas gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa
soflis skolebi.
3.3.3.5. skolis sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis bazis Sesabamisoba axal saswavlo

gegmebTan
am nawilSi ganxilulia skolebSi arsebuli sainformacio da sakomunikacio

teqnologiebis bazis Sesabamisoba Tanamedrove saswavlo procesTan da axal
saswavlo gegmebTan. miuxedavad imisa, rom kvlevis farglebSi aRniSnuli sakiTxi
Seswavlilia dagegmili gamokiTxvis Sedegebis safuZvelze, “irmis naxtomis”
programis farglebSi mopovebuli informacia ufro zust suraTs mogvcems skolebSi
kompiuterebisa da internetis xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb. kvlevam gvaCvena, rom
“irmis naxtomis” proeqtma Seamcira moswavleebisa da kompiuterebis raodenobrivi
Tanafardoba. am programis Sedegad, aseve, maswavleblebs meti SesaZlebloba aqvT
imuSaon sainformacio teqnologiebis menejerebTan. meore mxriv, gamovlinda, rom
jer kidev bevria Sesacvleli am mimarTulebiT, radgan maswavleblebi kompiuterebs
kvlavac iSviaTad iyeneben. aseve sainformacio teqnologiebis menejerebic naklebad
exmarebian maswavlebelebs. kompiuteruli treningebi moicavs mxolod elementarul
sakiTxebs, internet-kavSiri an saerTod ar aris, an Tu aris dabali siCqaris, xSirad
ar arsebobs Sesabamisi programuli uzrunvelyofa.
ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemebis 2005-2006 monacemebTan SedarebiT,
2007 wels gacilebiT met skolas, yvela maRalkontigentian da qalaqis skolas,
aqvs kompiuterebi, nawilobriv “irmis naxtomis” programis saSualebiT.
cxrili 3-165. aris Tu ara kompiuteruli laboratoria skolaSi? (saskolo daTvalierebis

forma 1. S.45)

pasuxi diax
diax 73 58 87
ara 27 13 42
sul 100
N=74
cxrili 3-166. aris Tu ara kompiuteruli laboratoria skolaSi? (saskolo daTvalierebis

forma 1. S.45)
xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
4.03 0.001
4.29 0.001
soflis an maRalmTiani raionis ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi 100

aramonawile skola

153
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, kompiuterebis muSaobas jer kidev aferxebs
eleqtroenergiis miwodeba zogierT skolaSi, gansakuTrebiT mcirekontigentian da
soflis skolebSi.
cxrili 3-167. miewodeba Tu ara skolas eleqtoenergia uwyveti grafikiT, raTa kompiuterebma
gamarTulad imuSaon? (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.46)

pasuxi diax
diax 80 62 97
ara 20 3 38
sul 100
N=72
cxrili 3-168. miewodeba Tu ara skolas eleqtoenergia uwyveti grafikiT, raTa kompiuterebma
gamarTulad imuSaon? (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.46)
xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 97
8.065 0.010
soflis skola 69

2.57 0.021

10-ze naklebi moswavle erT maswavlebelze 73 2.14 0.049
maRalmTiani raionis ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi aramonawile skola 78

aramonawile skola
garda amisa, aRsaniSnavia, rom zogierT skolebSi kompiuterebi moZvelebulia da

maTi gamarTuli funqcionireba da gamoyeneba rTulia. zogjer kompiuteri ar aris
aRWurvili saTanado programebiT mcirekontigentian, soflis da “irmis naxtomSi”
aramonawile skolebSi.
cxrili 3-169. kompiuterebi axalia, 2005 wlis da ufro axali gamoSvebaa? (saskolo daTvalierebis
forma 1. S.47)

pasuxi diax
diax 52 33 71
ara 48 28 67
sul 100
N=72
154
cxrili 3-170. kompiuterebi axalia, 2005 wlis da ufro axali gamoSvebaa? (saskolo daTvalierebis
forma 1. S.47)
xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 93
29.06 0.000
soflis skola 28

4.91 0.000

3.86 0.002

aramonawile skola
cxrili 3-171. muSaobs Tu ara kompiuterebi (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.48)

pasuxi diax
diax 85 68 100
ara 15 0 32
sul 100
N=69
cxrili 3-172. muSaobs Tu ara kompiuterebi (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.48)
xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 98
5.35 0.020
soflis skola 78

1.84 0.085

1.90 0.077

aramonawile skola

155
cxrili 3-173. ramdeni kompiuteri muSaobs klasSi da gamoiyeneba regularulad (saskolo
daTvalierebis forma 1. S.57)
saSualo min maqs standartuli gadaxra
8.9 0 37 9
N=69
cxrili 3-174. ramdeni kompiuteri muSaobs klasSi da gamoiyeneba regularulad (saskolo

xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 14.5
6.30 0.000
soflis skola 2.3
skola 555 an meti moswavliT 16.9

3.98 0.001
skola 555-ze naklebi moswavliT 3.6
sul mcire 10 moswavle erT maswavlebelze 13.3

2.80 0.014
10-ze naklebi moswavle erT maswavlebelze 4.2
soflis an maRalmTiani raionis ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi 8.2

aramonawile skola
cxrili 3-174. aqvs Tu ara kompiuterebs seriozuli teqnikuri nakli (saskolo daTvalierebis
forma 1. S.49)

pasuxi diax
diax 45 26 65
ara 55 35 74
sul 100
N=55
cxrili 3-175. aqvs Tu ara kompiuterebs seriozuli teqnikuri nakli (saskolo daTvalierebis
forma 1. S.49)
xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 42
-0.41 0.688
soflis skola 48

0.07 0.945

-0.77 0.454

aramonawile skola
156
cxrili 3-176. maswavleblebis azriT aqvs Tu ara kompiuterebs adekvaturi programebi (saskolo

pasuxi #
diax 62 42 82
ara 38 18 58
sul 100
N=72
cxrili 3-177. maswavleblebis azriT aqvs Tu ara kompiuterebs adekvaturi programebi (saskolo
xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 92
15.33 0.010
soflis skola 45

4.66 0.000
2.9 0.011

aramonawile skola
“irmis naxtomis” samoqmedo gegmaSi miTiTebuli erT-erTi problema isaa, rom

kompiuteris gakveTilze tradiciulad iswavleba “informatika” da programireba,
rac xSir SemTxvevaSi araTu kompiuterTan muSaobas ar moiTxovs, aramed kompiuterze
muSaobis swavlebasac ki ar moicavs. kompiuteruli klasebis maswavleblebis
naxevarma ganacxada, rom swavlebis amgvari forma maTi programisTvis jer kidev
norma. jerjerobiT ar gvaqvs monacemebi, rom “irmis naxtomis” programis Sedegad
aRniSnuli tradiciuli ti pis swavlebaSi raime Secvliliyos.10
10 ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sisitemebis 2005-2006 monacemebis Tanaxmad, kompiuteruli klasebi regularulad cde-
boda skolebSi. winamdebare kvlevis farglebSi gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis naxevari acxadebs, rom maT skolaSi kompiuteruli
klasebi
tardeba, Tumca am gamokiTxviT ar dgindeba aRniSnuli zrda “irmis naxtomis” programis Sedegia Tu ara. saWiroa am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT damatebiTi gamokiTxvis Catareba.

157
cxrili 3-178. maswavlebeli aRniSnavs, rom kompiuteruli klasebis mTavari mizania programirebis
(informatikis) Seswavla (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.54)

pasuxi diax
diax 53 34 73
ara 47 27 66
sul 100
N=72
cxrili 3-179. maswavlebeli aRniSnavs, rom kompiuteruli klasebis mTavari mizania programirebis
(informatikis) Seswavla, kategoriebis mixedviT
xi-kvadratis an Ti-
testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 49
0.62 0.440
soflis skola 56

-0.23 0.823

-1.37 0.193

aramonawile skola
ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sisitemebis 2005-06 monacemebis Tanaxmad,

kompiuteruli klasebi regularulad cdeboda da internet kavSiri ar arsebobda
umetes skolaSi. ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sisitemebis 2005-2006 wlebis
monacemebisgan gansxvavebiT,winamdebare kvlevis farglebSi Catarebulma gamokiTxvebma
mniSvnelovani progresi aCvena kompiuterizaciis procesSi. Tumca, amavdroulad,
saboloo miznebis misaRwevad jer kidev bevria gasakeTebeli.
rogorc qalaqis, aseve soflis skolebSi moswavleebisa da kompiuterebis
Tanafardobaa erT kompiuterze 39.5 moswavle. “irmis naxtomis” programis monacmebis
mixedviT, es Tanafardoba qveynis masStabiT aris erT kompiuterze 58 moswavle.
amgvarad, kvlevisTvis SerCeuli skolebis warmomadgenlobiTi jgufis dakvirveba
obieqtur suraTs ver gvaZlevs. “irmis naxtomis” programaSi CarTul 105 skolaSi,
moswavlisa da kompiuteris Tanafardoba ufro dabalia da aseT skolebSi
1 kompiuterze 24 moswavle modis, xolo skolebSi, romlebic “irmis naxtomis”
programaSi CarTulebi ar arian es Tanafardoba 1/51. “irmis naxtomis” programis
srulyofili gamokiTxvis monacemebis mixedviT, “irmis naxtomis” programaSi CarTul
skolebSi kompiuterebisa da moswavleebis Tanafardoba aris 1/39, xolo skolebSi,
romlebic “irmis naxtomis” programaSi CarTulebi ar arian 1/220. aRniSnuli Sedegebi
miuTiTebs “irmis naxtomis” proeqtis TvalsaCino Sedegebze.
158
cxrili 3-180. ramdeni moswavlea erT kompiuterze (saskolo daTvalierebis forma S. 56)
xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 39.4
-0.00 0.997
soflis skola 39.5

1.35 0.193

-0.11 0.917

CarTuli skola -1.38 0.187
aramonawile skola
zogadad, umetes skolaSi, moswavleebs uwevT kompiuterebis gaziareba gakveTilis

dros, Tumca rogorc monacemebi gvaCvenebs Tanafardoba mkveTrad gansxvavdeba
skolebs Soris. gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi kompiuterebisa da moswavleebis
raodenobis proporcia aris 1/66 saSualo proporcia (gamokiTxuli skolebis
naxevarSi maCvenebeli maRalia, naxevarSi ki dabali) aris 1/3. saSualo maCveneblis
samamde gazrda ganapiroba iman, rom zogierT klasSi kompiuterebisa da moswavleebis
proporcia aris 1/24.
cxrili 3-181. ramdeni moswavlea klasSi erT kompiuterze gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi (saskolo
3.12 .133 24 5
N=74
kvlevam daadgina, rom kompiuterebis gamoyeneba kvlav SezRudulia bevr skolaSi.

kompiuteruli klasebis maswavleblebs hkiTxes, ramdeni saaTis ganmavlobaSi iyenebs
TiToeuli moswavle kompiuters yoveldRiurad. gamokiTxvis Sedegebis mixedviT,
moswavleebis yoveldRiurad saSualod 4,5 saaTi iyeneben kompiuters, Tumca es
tendencia mcire raodenobis skolebSi dafiqsirda. skolebis meoTxedSi moswavleebi
kompiuterebs dReSi erT saaTze naklebi xangrZlivobiT iyeneben, skolebis naxevarSi
ara umetes erTi saaTisa, xolo skolebis mesamedSi es maCvenebeli dReSi maqsimum
oTx saaTs utoldeba. saSualo maCvenebeli gacilebiT ufro maRali iyo qalaqis
skolebSi (7 saaTi), vidre soflis skolebSi (2 saaTi). aRniSnuli Sedegebi
qalaqis da maRalkontigentian skolebSi SesaZaloa “irmis naxtomis” programis
funqcionirebis Sedegi iyos, Tumca kvlevam ver gamoavlina faqtebi, romlis
safuZvelzec dadasturdeboda, rom “irmis naxtomis” programis ganxorcielebis
Sedegad moswavleebis mier kompiuterebis gamoyenebis sixSire gaizarda soflis
skolebSi. qalaqis da maRalkontigentian skolebSi moswavleeebs gakveTilebis
Semdegac aqvT SesaZlebloba gamoiyenon kompiuterebi klasgareSe RonisZiebebis
farglebSi, Tumca kompiuterebis gamoyenebis saSualo maCvenebeli saerTo jamSi
mainc ar aRemateba dReSi or saaTs.
159
cxrili 3-182. dReSi ramdeni saaTis ganmavlobaSi iyeneben moswavleebi kompiuters gakveTilebis
farglebSi (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.59)
4.5 0 45 8
N=74
farglebSi (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.59)
xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 7
1.91 0.095
soflis skola 2.1

1.37 0.191

aramonawile skola

-0.72 0.486
gareT (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.60)
1.6 0 6 1.4
N=65
cxrili 3-185. dReSi ramdeni saaTis ganmavlobaSi iyeneben moswavleebi kompiuters skolis
gareT (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.60)
xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 2.3
3.20 0.009
soflis skola 1.1

2.13 0.051

1.80 0.093

CarTuli skola -0.77 0.650
aramonawile skola
160
aRmoCnda, rom maswavleblebic Zalian iSviaTad iyeneben kompiuterebs.
gamokiTxvis Tanaxmad, maswavleblebis 42% arasodes iyenebs kompiuterebs skolaSi,
maswavleblebis 18% TveSi erTxel an ufro iSviaTad, xolo maswavleblebis 33%
ufro xSirad. maswavleblebi iyeneben imave kompiuterul laboratoriebs, romlebic
moswavleebisTvis aris gankuTvnili saSualod 1.5 saaTi dRis ganmavlobaSi.
cxrili 3-186. ra sixSiriT SeuZlia maswaleblebs skolaSi arsebuli kompiuterebis gamoyeneba

(maswavleblebis forma 1. S.18a)
xi-kvadratis an
respondentis kategoria raodenoba albaToba
Ti-testis cvladi
arasodes 42 34 50
TveSi erTxel an ufro xSirad 33 27 38
sul 100
N=609
cxrili 3-187. dReSi ramdenis saaTis ganmavlobaSi SeuZliaT maswavleblebs kompiuteris

gamoyeneba (saskolo daTvalierebis forma 1. S.61)
1.5 0 5 1
N=62
qalaqis, maRalkontigentiani da “irmis naxtomis” programaSi CarTuli skolebis

maswavleblebi ufro xSirad iyeneben skolaSi arsebul kompiuterebs. aseve,SedarebiT
xSirad iyeneben kompiuters dawyebiTi da saSualo klasebis maswavleblebi. “irmis
naxtomis” kompiuteruli treningebis ufro zustad Sesafaseblad, Sefasebis jgufma
gamoarkvia maswavleblebis mier kompiuterebis gamoyenebis sixSire kategoriebis
gaTvaliswinebiT da Seadara gamokiTxul maswavlebelTa ori jgufis Sedegebi –
vinc monawileoba miiRo da vinc monawileoba ar miiRo “irmis naxtomis” treningebSi.
maswavleblebi, romelTac monawileoba miiRes “irmis naxtomis” treningebSi ufro
xSirad iyeneben kompiuters rogorc skolaSi, aseve skolis gareT. procentuli
Tanafardoba ki amgvarad gamoiyureba: “irmis naxtomis” treningebSi monawile
maswavleblebis 42% kompiuters iyenebs TveSi erTxel an ufro xSirad. kompiuters
TveSi erTxel an ufro xSirad iyenebs im maswavlebelTa 20%, romelTac “irmis
naxtomis” treningi ar gauvlia. “irmis naxtomis” treningebSi monawileoba SeuZlia
yvela msurvels, amgvarad, cxadia, rom momzadebas is maswavleblebi gadian, vinc
dainteresebuli da motivirebulia iswavlos kompiuterTan muSaoba. amitomac, aseTi
maswavleblebis mier kompiuteris xSiri gamoyeneba SesaZloa maTive Zalisxmevis
Sedegi iyos da ara treningebisa.

161
forma 2 S.18a)
TveSi
arasodes TveSi Ti – an xi-
weliwadSi erTxel
respondentis kategoria an ver erTze kvadratis albaToba
erTxel an ufro
vpasuxob metjer cvladi
iSviaTad
76.13 0.000
soflis skola 57 4 12 27 73.57 0.000
skola 100-ze naklebi moswavliT 75 3 6 15

skola 100-750 moswavliT 43 7 19 30 38.92 0.018
skola 750-ze meti moswavliT 31 10 17 42
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli skola 27 3 10 20

ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi aramonawile 91.70 0.000
skola 66 10 22 41
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli 24 12 34 31

soflis skola 23.73 0.040
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi aramonawile 70 3 9 27
soflis skola
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli 41 6 18 36

maRalmTiani skola 10.77 0.091
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi aramonawile 72 5 14 9
aramaRalmTiani skola

20.65 0.026
dawyebiTi donis maswavlebeli saSualo an 45 8 17 30

13.32 0.019
orive donis maswavlebeli 31 5 21 44
gaiara ìrmis naxtomis~ treningi 36 8 14 42

10.36 0.065
ìrmis naxtomis~ treningi ar gauvlia 45 8 19 29
fokusjgufebis ganxilvebSi, maswavleblebis umetesobam aRniSna, rom sainfor

macio teqnologiebis menejers SeuZlia moagvaros kompiuterebTan dakavSirebuli
problemebi da daexmaros maswavleblebs kompiuterebis akademiuri miznebis
gamoyenebaSi. Tumca, gamokiTxvam gvaCvena, rom Seswavlili skolebis TiTqmis naxevarSi,
sainformacio teqnologiebis menejerebi maswavleblebs ver exmarebian saswavlo
gegmebis da gakveTilebis momzadebaSi. am etapze, skolebis 53% ar hyavs sainformacio
teqnologiebis menejeri. vinaidan kompiuterizaciis procesi jerjerobiT ZiriTadad
qalaqis skolebs Seexo, qalaqis skolebis ufro did nawils (57%) aqvs sainformacio
teqnologiebis menejeris Stati da soflis skolebis mxolod 35%-s aqvs aseTi
Stati.
162
cxrili 3-189. aris Tu ara sainformacio teqnologiebis menejeri Tqvens skolaSi (maswavleblebis
forma 2. S.19)
pasuxi diax
diax 46 36 57
ara 53 42 64
ar vici 1 0 2
sul 100
cxrili 3-190. aris Tu ara sainformacio teqnologiebis menejeri Tqvens skolaSi (maswavleblebis
forma 2. S.18a)
Ti _ an xi-
respondentis kategoria diax ara ar vici kvadratis albaToba
cvladi
36.15 0.064
soflis skola 27 73 0 47.22 0.021

31.95 0.0697
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli soflis skola 46 54 0

5.36 0.198
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi aramonawile soflis skola 24 76 0
45 53 2
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli maRalmTiani skola 2.03 0.450
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi aramonawile aramaRalmTiani skola 53 47 0
gaiara ìrmis naxtomis~ treningi 48 51 2
4.15 0.213
ìrmis naxtomis~ treningi ar gauvlia 46 54 0
gaiara ìrmis naxtomis~ treiningi da muSaobs ìrmis naxtomis~ 55 55 2

programaSi CarTul skolaSi 44 42 0
13.06 0.090
yvela danarCeni
am skolebis magaliTze, “irmis naxtomis” programis Sedegebi TvalnaTliv

Cans. Tumca, skolaSi sainformacio teqnologiebis menejeris Statis gamoyofa
am programis oficialur nawils ar warmoadgens. Cvens mier SerCeuli skolebis
Seswavlis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom “irmis naxtomis” programaSi CarTul
maRalmTian skolebSi, sainformacio teqnologiebis menejerebi met daxmarebas uweven
maswavleblebs (“irmis naxtomis” programaSi CarTuli maswavleblebis 35% acxadebs,
rom maT arasakmarisi mxardaWera aqvT sainformacio teqnologiebis menejeris
mxridan. im skolebSi, romlebic ar monawileobdnen “irmis naxtomis” programaSi
igives maswavlebelTa 70% acxadebs). aseve, gamovlinda, rom is maswavleblebi ufro
met daxmarebas iReben sainformacio teqnologiebis menejerisgan, vinc “irmis
naxtomis” programis farglebSi kompiuteruli treningebi gaiara (sainformacio
teqnologiebis menejerisgan arasakmarisi mxardaWera aqvs im maswavleblebis 41%-s,
vinc “irmis naxtomis” programis farglebSi kompiuteruli treiningebi gaiara da
im maswavleblebis 53%-s, visac aRniSnuli treningebi ar gauvlia). ixileT qvemoT
mocemuli cxrilebi.

163
maswavleblebis umetesoba aRniSnavs, rom skolebSi kompiuterebis raodenoba
sakmarisi araa, internetis dabali an uxarisxo kavSiria, zog SemTxvevaSi internet
kavSiri da kompiuteruli programebi saerTod ar arsebobs. yovelive es xels uSlis
sainformacio teqnologiebis gamoyenebas saswavlo miznebisTvis. araadekvaturi
programebis da moZvelebuli kompiuteruli teqnologiebis problemas xazs usvams
“irmis naxtomSi” CarTuli skolebis maswavleblebis SedarebiT mcire nawili.
aseve, “irmis naxtomSi” monawile skolebis SedarebiT cota maswavlebels ar aqvs
kompiuterebis codnis zogadi unarebi, ar icis teqnologiebis saswavlo mizniT
gamoyeneba da ganicdis sainformacio teqnologiebis menejeris mxardaWeris
naklebobas. qvemoT mocemul cxrilebSi warmodgenilia maswavleblebis pasuxebi
kompiuteris saswavlo miznebiT gamoyenebis xelisSemSleli pirobebze.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan, romeli aris kompiuteris saswavlo miznebisTvis gamoyenebis

xelisSemSleli piroba?
cxrili 3-191. kompiuteruli laboratoriebi naklebad xelmiswavdomia (maswavleblebis forma

2. S.21a)
Ti _ an xi-
respondentis kategoria diax kvadratis albaToba N#
cvladi
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi CarTuli soflis an maRalmTiani skola 53
-1.23 0.236 267
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi aramonawile soflis an maRalmTiani skola 41

2.29 0.259 517
ar gauvlia ìrmis naxtomis~ treningi 50
cxrili 3-192. internet kavSiris dabali sixSire an internet kavSiris uqonloba (maswavleblebis
forma 2. S.21b)
Ti _ an xi-
cvladi
-1.02 0.323 278

4.15 0.055 522
cxrili 3-193. kompiuterebis SezRuduli raodenoba moswavleebisTvis (maswavleblebis forma

2. S.21c)
Ti _ an xi-
cvladi
-1.04 0.316 249

14.76 0.013 490
164
cxrili 3-194. kompiuteris arasakmarisi codna (maswavleblebis forma 2. S.21d)
Ti _ an xi-
cvladi
1.18 0.258 257

6.91 0.103 511
cxrili 3-195. sainformacio teqnologiebis menejers ar SeuZlia adekvaturi daxmarebis gaweva

axali saswavlo gegmisa da leqciis momzadebisas (maswavleblebis forma 2. S.21e)
Ti _ an xi-
cvladi
0.94 0.360 220

6.04 0.010 442
cxrili 3-196. ar vici, rogor gamoviyeno sainformacio teqnologiebi Cemi sagnis swavlebis
miznebis Sesabamisad (maswavleblebis forma 2. S.21f)
Ti _ an xi-
cvladi
0.01 0.960 226

5.73 0.068 451
cxrili 3-197. kompiuterebi araadekvaturia an moZvelebuli (maswavleblebis forma 2. S.21g)
Ti _ an xi-
cvladi
-6.05 0.000 198

16.34 0.003 416
cxrili 3-198. kompiuteruli programebi araadekvaturia an cudad muSaobs (maswavleblebis

forma 2. S.21h)
Ti _ an xi-
cvladi
-3.00 0.015 199

7.81 0.010 409

165
cxrili 3-198. kompiuteruli programebi araadekvaturia an cudad muSaobs (maswavleblebis
forma 2. S.21h)
Ti _ an xi-
cvladi
-3.00 0.015 199

7.81 0.010 409
cxrili 3-199. skolaSi ar aris printeri, an printeri xSirad ar muSaobs, printerSi ar aris
furceli an melani (maswavleblebis forma 2. S.21i)
Ti _ an xi-
cvladi
-2.87 0.025 256

9.65 0.005 256
Seswavlili skolebidan mxolod 25%-s aqvs internetkavSiri. qalaqis skolebis

procentuli wili gacilebiT ufro maRalia (55%) soflis skolebTan SedarebiT
(8%). es savsebiT mosalodneli iyo “irmis naxtomis” programis ganxorcielebis
ciklis (pirveli wlis ganmavlobaSi urbanuli skolebis aTviseba) gaTvaliswinebiT.
saerTo jamSi, internetkavSiri aqvs “irmis naxtomis” programaSi CarTuli skolebis
34%-s da im skolebis mxolod 13%-s, romlebic ar monawileobdnen programaSi.
Sedegebi naTlad gvaCvenebs, rom “irmis naxtomis” programis ganxorcielebis am
adreul etapze internetkavSiris mqone skolebis ricxvi jer kidev Zalian mcirea.
“irmis naxtomis” programaSi CarTuli skolebis maswavleblebis 56% acxadebs,
rom internetkavSiris uqonloba an misi dabali siCqare kompiuterebis gamoyenebis
xelisSemSleli faqtoria. amave problemis winaSe dgas im skolebis umravlesoba
(84%), romlebic “irmis naxtomis” programaSi am etapze ar arian CarTuli. skolebs
Soris, romelTac aqvT internet kavSiri, 55% aqvs Zalian dabali siCqaris interneti
(1 mg biti/wamSi an ufro neli).
cxrili 3-200. maswavleblebis Tanaxmad, aris Tu ara skolaSi internetkavSiri? (saskolo


pasuxi diax
diax 25 16 34
ara 75 66 84
sul 100
N=67
166
cxrili 3-201. maswavleblebis Tanaxmad, aris Tu ara skolaSi internet kavSiri? (saskolo
xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 55
5.95 0.000
soflis skola 8
-5.69 0.000

5.45 0.000

5.86 0.000

aramonawile skola
Seswavlili skolebis naxevars aqvs kompiuterebis teqnikuri momsaxurebisTvis

sakmarisi biujeti. biujets kompiuterebis teqnikuri momsaxurebisTvis gamoyofs
qalaqis skolebis 86% da soflis skolebis 31%. soflis da mcirekontigenitiani
skolebis finansuri mdgomareoba detaluradaa ganxiluli kvlevis me-4 nawilSi.
cxrili 3-202. gamoyofs Tu ara skola biujets kompiuterebis teqnikuri momsaxurebisTvis?

(saskolo daTvalierebis forma S52)

pasuxi diax
diax 50 29 71
ara 50 29 71
sul 100
N=67
xi-kvadratis an
Ti-testis cvladi
qalaqis skola 86
3.71 0.003
soflis skola 31
-0.13 0.901

3.78 0.002
soflis an maRalmTiani raionis skola, romelic CarTulia ìrmis 60

naxtomis~ programaSi 1.82 0.110
soflis an maRalmTiani raionis skola, romelic ar aris CarTuli 28
ìrmis naxtomis~ programaSi

167
3.3.4. saswavlo da damatebiTi masalebi,
skolis fizikuri da socialuri garemo: daskvnebi
1. gamokiTxvam gvaCvena, rom skolebis mxolod naxevari sTavazobs moswavleebs

klasgareSe aqtivobebs _ umetesad qalaqis skolebi, romlebic xSirad aweseben
gadasaxads amgvar RonisZiebebSi monawileobisTvis, rac praqtikulad gamoricxavs
Raribi fenebis moswavleebis CarTvas.
2. swavlebis/swavlis procesisTvis xelisSemSleli pirobebia maRalkontigentiani

klasebi qalaqis skolebSi, arasaTanado an arasakmarisi aveji saklaso oTaxebSi
(gansakuTrebiT qalaqis skolebis patara zomis klasebSi), aradamakmayofilebeli
daswreba, araxelsayreli klimaturi pirobebi an satransporto saSualebebis
nakleboba maRalmTian raionebSi.
3. kerZo repetitoris saSualo wliuri Rirebuleba meryeobs 250 laridan 1000 laramde
(regionebis mixedviT). Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom ufaso saskolo ganaTleba araa sakmarisi,
bavSvebi Raribi ojaxebidan ganaTlebis miRebis araTanabar pirobebSi arian.
4. wina kvlevebis SedegebTan SedarebiT, dResdReobiT maswavleblebi ufro

dadebiTad afaseben axal saxelmZRvaneloebs da ufro aqtiurad iyeneben maT.
maswavleblebisgan miRebuli informaciis da nawilobriv saklaso dakvirvebebis
Sedegebis Tanaxmad, klasebis daaxloebiT meoTxed nawilSi, moswavleebis
mniSvnelovan nawils an ar aqvs saxelmZRvaneloebi an iziareben Tanaklaselebis
saxelmZRvaneloebs.
5. erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centrma unda moiTxovos

maswavleblebis gzamkvlevebSi gakveTilebis gegmebis nimuSebis ufro meti raodenobis
Setana da aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis ukeTesi axsna. saxelmZRvaneloebi unda
daurigdes maswavleblebs,Tundac samuSao variantis saxiT,saswavlo wlis dawyebamde
mniSvnelovani periodiT adre. samomavlod rekomendebulia Catardes kvleva imis
dasadgenad, Tu ratom ar aqvs maswavleblebis 40%-s saxelmZRvaneloebi maSin, roca
saxelmZRvaneloebi xelmisawvdomi unda iyos.
6. fokus-jgufebSi monawile zogierTi maswavlebeli fiqrobs, rom axal

saxelmRvaneloebSi Setanili axali saswavlo masala rTulia maTi moswavleebisTvis.
am mosazrebis damadasturebeli faqtebi gamokiTxvebSi naklebad dafiqsirda.
7. maswavleblebi fiqroben, rom axali saxelmZRvaneloebi xels uwyobs axali

saswavlo gegmebis miznebis Sesabamisad swavlebas, Tumca maswavleblebis meoTxed
nawils surs gaecnos met gakveTilis gegmas. aseve, maswavleblebis 40% acxadebs,
rom maTTvis ar aris xelmisawvdomi axali saxelmZRvaneloebi mas Semdegac ki, roca
isini klasebSi ukve darigebulia.
8. saerTo jamSi, jer kidev aRiniSneba damatebiTi saswavlo masalebis nakleboba

sxvadasxva sagnis swavlebisTvis, miuxedavad imisa rom, reformis adreul etapze
moewyo damatebiTi saswavlo masalebis gamofena.
168
9. skolebis did nawils aqvs biblioTeka an calke gamoyofili oTaxi saswavlo
resursebisTvis. Tumca mcirekontigentian skolebSi biblioTekebi pataraa da
moswavleebisaTvis araadekvaturi samuSao pirobebia. maswavleblebis azriT, biblioTekis
resursebi,rogorc wesi,maRali xarisxiT ar gamoirCeva. saskolo biblioTekebis programaSi
CarTuli soflis skolebis maswavleblebi ufro dadebiTad afaseben resursebis xarisxs.
maswavleblebi ver iyeneben biblioTekebs regularulad,radgan zogierTi skola,cdilobs
ra daicvas wignebi dazianebisagan, rogorc Cans, zRudavs resursebis gamoyenebas.
10. kvlevam daadgina, rom skolebis eleqtroenergiiT momarageba SedarebiT

gaumjobesda, Tumca klasebis adekvaturi ganaTeba problemaa maRalkontigentiani
skolebis naxevarSi.
11. kanalizaciis da sanitaruli kvanZebis xarisxi kvlav problemad rCeba.

miuxedavad imisa, rom skolebis naxevarze mets aqvs funqcionirebadi savarjiSo
darbazi, maTgan TiTqmis naxevari arasakmarisad aRWurvili da gamoyenebulia. soflis
skolebis naxevarze mets ar aqvs savarjiSo darbazi.
12. “irmis naxtomis” programis ganxorcielebis Sedegad skolebSi gaizarda

moswavleebisa da kompiuterebis Tanafardoba, kompiuterebis xarisxi, gaCnda
internetkavSiri da gaizarda moswavleebis mier kompiuteris gamoyenebis sixSire
gakveTilebis ganmavlobaSi da gakveTilebis Semdeg.
13. maswavleblebi, romlebmac gaiares “irmis naxtomis” kompiuteruli treningi

elementarul sakiTxebSi ufro komfortulad grZnoben Tavs kompiuterTan, ufro
xSirad iyeneben maT, ufro xSirad iReben konsultaciebs skolis sainformacio
teqnologiebis menejerisgan, Tumca am maswavleblebis umetesoba gamoxatavs
damatebiTi treningebis saWiroebas. “irmis naxtomis” programaSi CarTuli skolebis
maswavleblebis garda maswavleblebis mier kompiuteruli laboratoriebis
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi limitirebulia.
14. saerTo jamSi, kompiuterebi da internetkavSiri bevr skolaSi SezRudulia. am

mxriv bevrad ukeTesi mdgomareobaa qalaqis skolebSi soflis skolebTan SedarebiT.
kompiuterebis da internetkavSiris arseboba gansakuTrebiT limitirebulia skolebSi,
romlebic CarTuli ar arian “irmis naxtomis” programaSi.
15. maswavleblebis umetesobam – maT Soris “irmis naxtomis” programis treningebSi

monawile maswavleblebma – ar ician, rogor unda gamoiyenon sainformacio teqnologiebi
saswavlo miznebisTvis an ar ician kompiuterTan muSaoba. skolebis TiTqmis naxevarSi,
maswavleblebi ver iReben saTanado daxmarebas sainformacio teqnologiebis menejerisgan.
16. skolebis naxevarze metisTvis prioriteti programirebis (informatikis)

Seswavlaa da ar arsebobs saswavlo kursi, romelic ufro Sesabamisi iqneboda
axali meTodebTan.
17. kompiuterebis SezRuduli raodenoba, internetkavSiris uqonloba an dabali

siCqare kompiuterebis saswavlo miznebisTvis gamoyenebis ZiriTadi xelisSemSleli
pirobebia. soflis skolebis Zalian mcire nawils aqvs biujeti kompiuterebis
teqnikuri momsaxurebisTvis.
169
4.0 Sedegebi:
mmarTvelobis efeqturoba da finansebi
4.1 decentralizacia da mmarTveloba
4.1.1 zogadi midgoma skolis avtonomiisadmi
bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier

ganxorcielebuli farTomasStabian sareformo iniciativaTagan erT-erTi umTavresia
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebisaTvis avtonomiis miniWeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom
aRniSnuli cvlileba sul axlaxans SedarebiT mokle periodSi ganxorcielda,
yvela dainteresebuli mxare - direqtorebi, pedagogebi da sabWos wevrebi dadebiTad
afaseben skolis avtonomias. gasaubrebis dros yvela direqtori erTsulovnad
aRniSnavda, rom maTTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania gadawyvetilebis damoukidebelad
miRebis SesaZlebloba. maTi azriT, direqtorebma da pedagogebma yvelaze kargad
ician, ra sWirdeba maT skolas. yvelaze mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom reformamdeli
periodisagan gansxvavebiT, axla ukve skolebs SeuZliaT sakuTari xarjebis
Tavisuflad gankargva . uwin,skolebisaTvis biujetis gamoyofa xdeboda adgilobrivi
mmarTvelobebis TanxmobiT da nebismier damatebiT xarjebTan dakavSirebiT nebarTvis
misaRebad skolebs specialurad unda miemarTaT adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisaTvis.
axla skolebs Tavad SeuZliaT prioritetebis mixedviT gamoyon skolis biujeti
da amisaTvis maT biurokratiuli procedurebis gavla aRar uwevT. am mosazrebas
raodenobrivi maCvenebelic adasturebs. yvela gamokiTxuli direqtori mxars uWers
saskolo avtonomiis reformas (30%: mTlianad mxars uWers; 70% mxars uWers).
sakiTxi, razec direqtorebi yuradRebas amaxvilebdnen, aris udidesi

pasuxismgebloba, romelic maT aRniSnuli reformis Semdeg ekisrebaT. Tumca amas
direqtorebi problemad ar miiCneven da aRniSnaven, rom amocanas sirTuleebis
gareSe gaarTmeven Tavs. saerTo jamSi, pedagogebic mxars uWeren saskolo avtonomiis
reformas, Tumca maTi mxardaWera direqtorebTan SedarebiT odnav ufro sustia (ix.
cxrili 4.1).
cxrili 4.1. direqtorebisa da pedagogebis midgoma decentralizaciis da saskolo avtonomiis

sakiTxisadmi
mTlianad uWers saerTod ar

mxars uWers mxars ar uWers raodenoba
mxars uWers mxars
direqtorebi 30% 70% 0% 0% 106
pedagogebi 70%^ 70% 9% 0% 686
sameurveo sabWoc dadebiTad afasebs skolis avtonomias. fokus-jgufebSi sabWos

wevrebis mier sakiTxis ganxilvisas, sabWos wevrebis umetesoba aRniSnavda, rom maTi
azriT, axla skolebs ufro meti pasuxismgebloba da movaleobebi ekisrebaT skolis
marTvisa da finansebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, skolis sabWoebi bolomde mzad ar
arian miiRon damoukidebeli gadawyvetilebebi da amtkiceben, rom axla skolebi
yvela problemis gadawyvetaze TviTonve ageben pasuxs da swored es aris saskolo
avtonomiis uaryofiTi mxare.
170
4.1.2 skolebisa da direqtorebis SesaZleblobebi
decentralizebul garemoSi
skolis direqtorebsa da administraciul TanamSromlebs gansakuTrebuli unar-

Cvevebi da SesaZlebloba unda gaaCndeT imisaTvis,rom Tavi gaarTvan decentralizebuli
marTvis garemoSi maTze dakisrebul pasuxismgeblobebs. winamdebare punqtSi
aRwerilia, Tu rogor esmiT skolis direqtorebs axali roli da funqciebi, ra
saxis swavlebaa saWiro direqtorebisa da administratorebisaTvis maT mier axali
funqciebis efeqturad da kvalificiurad SesrulebisaTvis. aseve ganxilulia, Tu
ra potenciali gaaCniaT amJamad skolebs imisaTvis, rom miiRon gadawyvetilebebi
monacemebis safuZvelze; garda amisa, winamdebare punqtSi aRniSnulia, Tu ra
doneze gamoiyeneba informacia, romelic skolis masStabiT cnobilia sxvadasxva
dainteresebuli mxarisaTvis; aRwerilia aseve sxvadasxva dainteresebuli mxaris
monawileobis sakiTxi gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi.
4.1.2.1 direqtorTa mier sakuTari rolis da pasuxismgeblobebis gaazreba
direqtorebi acxadeben, rom maTTvis cnobilia im axali rolisa da pasuxismgeb

lobebis Sesaxeb,romelic Tavad maT da maT administracias ekisreba decentralizebuli
marTvis pirobebSi. es Sefasebis jgufis mier Catarebuli gasaubrebis drosac
dadasturda. gamokiTxul direqtorTa umetesobam (93%) aRniSna, rom cvlilebebamde
maT ukve icodnen axali pasuxismgeblobebis Sesaxeb. Tumca, gasaubrebis dros aSkara
gaxda, rom direqtorebs mainc esaWiroebaT maTi uflebamosilebis, funqciebisa da
uflebebis Sesaxeb damatebiTi axsna-ganmarteba da miTiTebebi, raTa saTanadod
gaiazron da Seasrulon axali funqcia da pasuxismgeblobebi. dasmul SekiTxvaze,
Tu ramdenad informirebulebi iyvnen, direqtorTa mxolod 45%-ma upasuxa, rom
srulyofil informacias flobda axali rolisa da pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb, 50%-
ma upasuxa, rom nawilobriv flobda informacias, xolo 5%-ma aRiara, rom araferi
icoda sakuTari pasuxismgeblobebis Sesaxeb. aseve saganmanaTleblo resurscentris
xelmZRvanelebma aRniSnes, rom direqtorTa garkveuli raodenoba kvlavac mimarTavs
saministros an saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebs maTi uflebamosilebis sferoSi
moqceuli problemebis gadasaWrelad an sakiTxebis dasazusteblad,maTi movaleobebis
Sesaxeb ufro detaluri miTiTebebisa da axsna-ganmartebebis miReba esaWiroebaT
administraciul TanamSromlebsac. rogorc es cxrilidanac Cans, swavleba, romelic
direqtorebs aqvT gavlili, dakavSirebulia maTi rolisa da pasuxismgeblobebis
ukeTesad gaazrebasTan, , magram zogadad Tu SevajamebT, sxvaoba statistikurad
mniSvnelovani ar aris.
171
cxrili 4.2. sakuTari uflebebisa da pasuxismgeblobis gaazreba im direqtorTa mier, romelTac
gavlili aqvT/ar aqvT swavleba
xi-kvadratis
ar
respondentis kategoria srulad nawilobriv aranairad cvladi albaToba
icis
swavleba gavlili aqvs 58 38 0 2

7.1178 0.1695
swavleba gavlili ar aqvs 37 61 0 1
raodenoba = 99
4.1.2.2. swavlebis kursi direqtorebisaTvis
yvela direqtori aRiarebs, rom mas da mis administraciul TanamSromlebs

esaWiroebaT saswavlo kursebis gavla, rogorc maTi samuSaos masStabebis Sesaxeb
informaciis misaRebad, aseve maTi funqciebis Sesasruleblad saWiro unar-Cvevebis
SesaZenad. gasaubrebis dros direqtorTa umetesoba acxadebda, rom pedagogebis didi
nawili swavlebis kursebs gadis profesiuli ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, magram
direqtorebisa da administratorebis saWiroebebs saswavlo kursebSi yuradReba ar
eqceva.
direqtorebsa da maT administraciul TanamSromSromlebs, dirqtorebisve
miTiTebiT, swavlebis kursebi esaWiroebaT Semdeg sakiTxebSi: marTva da finansuri
angariSvaldebuleba,Sesyidvebis procedura da fsiqologia. gamokiTxul direqtorTa
46%-ma aRniSna, rom warsulSi gavlili aqvT sxvadasxva dros, sxvadasxva saxelmwifo
da arasamTavrobo dawesebulebebis mier organizebuli kursebi skolis marTvis
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.
4.1.2.3 skolebis mier gadawyvetilebis miRebis SesaZlebloba
umetes SemTxvevaSi, direqtorebi da administracia acxadeben, rom isini

gadawyvetilebebs iReben miRebuli monacemebisa da informaciis safuZvelze.
Seswavlil skolebSi, rogorc wesi, aRniSnavdnen, rom isini gadawyvetilebis miRebisas
mopovebul monacemebs iTvaliswineben: skolebis 98% agrovebs monacemebs moswavleebis
akademiuri moswrebis Sesaxeb; skolebis 75% awarmoebs oqmebs moswavleebis
disci plinaruli problemebis Sesaxeb; skolebis 66% awarmoebs oqmebs moswavleebis
klasgareSe aqtivobis Sesaxeb; da skolebis 63% agrovebs informacias pedagogTa
kvalifikaciis Sesaxeb. zogierTma skolam ganacxada, rom pedagogTa kvalifikaciasa
da unar-Cvevebs sakuTari kriteriumebiT afasebs, Sefasebas ki iyenebs saukeTeso
maswavleblebisa da moswavleebisaTvis wamaxalisebeli premiisa da sti pendiebis
gadanawilebisas.
TiTqmis yvela skolis direqtori aRniSnavs,rom strategiuli miznebis misaRwevad
qmnis saskolo gegmas: skolebis direqtorebis 98% adgens skolis strategiul
gegmas an amocanebs, skolebis direqtorebis 95% ki adgens sakuTar wliur samoqmedo
gegmas. Sefasebis jgufma ver SeZlo monacemebis Segrovebis procesSi ganesazRvra
aRniSnuli gegmebis mniSvneloba maT mier skolis saWiroebebis dakmayofilebis
TvalsazrisiT.
skolebis 81%-s hyavs personali, romelsac skolis fizikuri resursebis
kontroli evaleba. meores mxriv, skolebis mxolod 14%-s hyavs personali, romelic
SromiTi resursebis marTvas ganagebs. es imaze miuTiTebs, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi
172
direqtorebi arian pasuxismgebeli SromiTi resursebis marTvaze,zogierT SemTxvevaSi
ki aRniSnuli sfero spontanurad imarTeba.
amave dros zogierTma direqtorma Sefasebis jgufTan gasaubrebis dros gamoTqva
azri,rom saerTo jamSi skolis direqtorebisa da sameurveo sabWoebis SesaZleblobebi
dagegmvis TvalsazrisiT arasakmarisi iqneba skolebis momavali akreditaciis
moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad. vinaidan gegmis mixedviT skolebis akreditacia
2009 wels daiwyeba da dasruldeba 2011 wels, direqtorebisa da sameurveo sabWoebis
momzadeba akreditaciisaTvis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes sakiTxs warmoadgens.
Sefasebis jgufma skolis marTvis erT-erTi samagaliTo praqtika #51 skolaSi
aRmoaCina. aq dawesebulia moswavleebisa da pedagogebis saqmianobasTan, skolaSi
saswavlo garemosTan, fizikur saskolo aRWurvilobasa da finansur angariSgebasTan,
aseve mmarTvelobis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli monacemebis Segrovebis efeqturi da
kvalificiuri procedura. monacemebis Segroveba da ganaxleba regularulad da
sistematurad xdeba. Sefasebis jgufma Seityo, rom aq arsebobs skolis direqtorTa
qseli, romlis saSualebiTac direqtorebi erTmaneTs uziareben inovaciur ideebsa
da saTanado praqtikas, rogoric aris, magaliTad, monacemebis Segrovebis formati,
maswavlebelTa saqmianobis Sefasebis kriteriumebi da a.S. es praqtika SeiZleba
sasargeblo iyos sxva skolebisaTvisac ara marto TbilisSi, aramed regionebSic.
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT gakeTebuli Sefasebis Sedegebma aCvena, rom skolebi
srul mzadyofnaSi arian decentralizebuli garemos misaRebad da gaaCniaT
gadawyvetilebis damoukideblad miRebis unari, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom Sefasebis
jgufi aseT dadebiT Sedegs ar moeloda. aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Semdgomi
kvleva ufro detaluri informaciis miRebis saSualebas mogvcems, rac, sasargeblo
masala iqneba skolis administratorebisa da sameurveo sabWoebisaTvis saswavlo
kursis dasagegmad.
4.1.2.4 skolebis SesaZleblobebi demokratiuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebis sakiTxebSi
sxvadasxva dainteresebul mxares Soris skolis marTvisa da moswavleTa aqtivobis

Sesaxeb informaciis gaziarebis masStabebi gaizarda decentralizaciis reformebis
ganxorcielebis Semdeg. pedagogebs da mSoblebsac axla ukve meti SesaZlebloba
aqvT gamoxaton TavianTi mosazrebebi da monawileoba miiRon gadawyvetilebebis
miRebaSi.
skolebis umetesoba aRniSnavs, rom moswavleebis aqtivobisa da skolis marTvis
Sesaxeb informacias avrcelebs yvela dainteresebul mxares Soris, eseni arian:
pedagogebi, mSoblebi da moswavleebi. skolebis umetesoba (95%) aRniSnavs, rom
mSoblebisaTvis moswavleebis aqtivobisa da problemebis Sesaxeb informaciis
miwodebisaTvis gaaCnia garkveuli saxis struqturirebuli regularuli procedura.
rac Seexeba skolis marTvis Sesaxeb mSoblebisaTvis informaciis miwodebas,amisaTvis
yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba mSoblebisa da sameurveo sabWos krebis meTodi. zogierTi
skola, Tumca Zalian mcire raodenoba, iyenebs komunikaciis werilobiT formebs,
rogoricaa skolis gazeTi, formaluri werilebi, skolis gancxadebebis dafa.
cxrili #4.3 gviCvenebs, rom skolis direqtorTa umetesoba pedagogebTan
molaparakebis Semdeg iRebs gadawyvetilebas saswavlo garemos, biujetisa da skolis
marTvis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.
173
cxrili 4.3: pedagogebis pasuxebi imis Sesaxeb, ganixilavs Tu ara direqtori pedagogebTan qvemoT
mocemuli sakiTxebs gadawyvetilebebis miRebis win
diax ara raodenoba

skolisaTvis damatebiTi saxsrebis misaRebad RonisZiebebis dagegmva 78 22 659
finansuri resursebis gamoyenebis gza 79 20 637
klasebis da sagnebis ganawileba maswavleblebs Soris 93 7 682
saxelmZRvaneloebisa da saswavlo masalebis SerCeva 88 12 668
maswavleblebis profesiuli ganviTareba (saswavlo kursebis gavla) 94 6 689
TanamSromloba adgilobriv sazogadoebasTan 84 11 656
monacemebidan Cans, rom ufro dabalia im maswavleblebis procentuli maCvenebeli,

romlebsac miaCniaT,rom saSualeba aqvT Tavisuflad gamoxaton TavianTi mosazrebebi
skolis administraciasTan (60% srulad eTanxmeba, 34% nawilobriv eTanxmeba, xolo
7% ar eTanxmeba). da mainc, maswavleblebis 39% miiCnevs, rom decentralizaciis
Semdeg ufro meti Tavisufleba aqvT skolis marTvasTan dakavSirebiT mosazrebebis
gamoTqmisas. maswavleblebis azriT, gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi maTi roli
Semoifargleba swavlebasa da saswavlo procesTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebiT.
fokus-jgufSi maswavleblebis mier gakeTebuli SeniSvnebis Tanaxmad biujetTan
dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebi saerTod erTpirovnulad skolis direqtorebis da
sameurveo sabWoebis mier miiReba. magram, rogorc maswavleblebi acxadeben, skolis
biujetis dagegmvis procesi dResdReobiT ufro gamWvirvale gaxda. moTxovnisamebr,
maswavleblebsa da mSoblebs SeuZliaT informacia miiRon biujetTan dakavSirebuli
gegmebisa da yoveli sabiujeto erTeulis angariSis Sesaxeb.
maswavleblebis umetesoba acxadebs,rom Tavisi skolis strategiuli dagegmarebis
saqmis kursSia. gamokiTxul maswavlebelTa mxolod mcire nawili ar flobs
informacias sakuTari skolis strategiuli amocanebis da samoqmedo gegmebis
arsebobis Sesaxeb (16% da 14% Sesabamisad). agreTve, gamokiTxul maswavlebelTa
mxolod 14%-ma ar icis, Tu rogor nawildeba uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi
direqtors, administraciul TanamSromlebsa da sameurveo sabWos Soris.
sameurveo sabWoTa umetesoba aRniSnavs,rom amJamad administraciul da skolasTan
dakavSirebul informacias mxolod skolis direqtorebisa da administratorebisagan
iRebs. ase, rom SesaZlebelia, direqtorebma ganzrax an uneburad araswori informacia
miawodon sameurveo sabWos wevrebs. sameurveo sabWos gamokiTxul wevrTagan mxolod
23%-ma aRniSna, rom maTi direqtorebi skolas demokratiulad ar marTaven.
4.1.3 direqtoris arCevnebis sistema
dainteresebul mxareTa umetesobis azriT, axali direqtoris arCeva ukeTesia,

vidre direqtorebis daniSvna (adrindeli praqtika). arCevnebi kvalificirebul
kandidatebs saSualebas aZlevs ganacxadi Seitanon direqtoris vakansiaze. skolis
direqtorebi umetesad dadebiTad afaseben direqtoris arCevnebs. maTi azriT, es
ufro profesionaluri (89%) da gamWvirvale (88%) meTodia. magram maT arCevnebis
uaryofiT Sedegebzec gaamaxviles yuradReba. zogierTi direqtori wuxs imaze, rom
axali sqemis gaTvaliswinebiT dakargavs kavSirs adgilobriv sazogadoebasTan.
174
maT aseve awuxebT is faqti, rom zogierTi gamocdili direqtori, romelsac
komunikaciis brwyinvale unari da sxva gamorCeuli Tvisebebi aqvs, ver SeZlebs
gamocdebze maRali qulebis miRebas da direqtoris Tanamdebobas dakargavs. aseve,
zogierT direqtors arCevnebis uaryofiT mxared miaCnia is faqti, rom direqtors
sameurveo sabWos wevrebi irCeven - arCevnebis procesSi SeiZleba piradi kavSirebi
iyos gadamwyveti. sruliad SesaZlebelia, rom sameurveo sabWos wevrebma ganzrax
uaryon potenciurad warmatebuli kandidati; maT miaCniaT, rom ukeTesi iqneba, Tu
saministro Caatarebs direqtorobis kandidatebis gamocdas da gasaubrebas, Semdeg
ki kvalificirebul direqtorebs pirdapir daniSnavs skolebSi sameurveo sabWos
mier xmis micemis gareSe. arCevnebisadmi direqtorebi ufro dadebiTad arian
ganwyobilebi, vidre maswavleblebi. maswavlebelTa mxolod 47%-s aqvs dadebiTi
damokidebuleba arCevnebisadmi. magram maswavleblebi, romlebic kargad icnoben
direqtorTa arCevnebis proceduras, mxars uWeren axal sqemas (89%). aRniSnuli
pasuxebi miRebul iqna 2007 wels direqtorTa daniSvnamde.
4.1.4 sameurveo sabWoebis efeqturoba da aqtiuroba
saqarTvelos zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi sameurveo sabWoebi dawesebul

iqna warmomadgenlobiTi organoebis saxiT, romelic pasuxismgebelia skolis doneze
gadawyvetilebis miRebis gamWvirvalobasa da skolis marTvaSi saerTo monawileobaze,
aseve skolaSi saswavlo garemos gaumjobesebaze. winamdebare punqtSi aRwerilia
am miznebis misaRwevad dRemde arsebuli winsvla; aseve miTiTebulia, Tu ramdenad
emorCileba sameurveo sabWo demokratiul princi pebs sakuTari saqmianobiT; garda
amisa, warmodgenilia Sefaseba, Tu ramdenad efeqturad iyeneben sameurveo sabWoebi
sakuTar resursebsa da SesaZleblobebs. mocemul punqtSi aseve dadgenilia sameurveo
sabWos saqamianobis SesaZlo gaumjobesebis sferoebi, ZiriTadi saswavlo kursebis
saWiroeba da sameurveo sabWoebis winaSe mdgari mTavari problemebi.
4.1.4.1 demokratiuli principebis dacva
umetes SemTxvevaSi respondentebi aRniSnavdnen, rom sameurveo sabWos arCevnebi

saTanadod Catarda mniSvnelovani problemebis gareSe. magram zogierT skolaSi
mxolod mSoblebis mcire procentma miiRo monawileoba sameurveo sabWos arCevnebSi.
im mSoblebis procentuli maCvenebeli, romelTac monawileoba miiRes sameurveo
sabWos arCevnebSi, ufro maRalia soflebsa da mTian raionebSi, vidre qalaqSi (64 da
65% soflebsa da maRalmTian rionebSi da 50% qalaqSi).
zogierT SemTxvevaSi gamokvlevam aCvena, rom direqtorma gavlena moaxdina

sameurveo sabWos wevrebis arCevnebze.
175
cxrili 4.4: sameurveo sabWos arCevnebSi monawile mSobelTa proporcia
mSoblebis Ti an xi-
respondentis kategoria sandoobis intevalis 95% albaToba
saSualo % kvadrati
qalaqi 50 36 64
sofeli 64 50 79 1.47 0.164
mTiani raioni 65 49 82
raodenoba = 95
umetes SemTxvevaSi xmebis micema moxda kanonis dacviT. sameurveo sabWos

wevri zogierTi pedagogi acxadebs, rom aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac sameurveo sabWo
kenWisyriT ar iRebs gadawyvetilebas. sameurveo sabWos wevrebi, romlebic fokus-
jgufis diskusiebSi monawileobdnen, aRniSnavdnen, rom zogjer, gansakuTrebiT ki
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqme nakleb mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs exeba, sameurveo sabWo
gadawyvetilebas iRebs wevrebs Soris erTsulovani SeTanxmebiT.
gamokiTxul sabWos wevr maswavlebelTagan mxolod 23% miiCnevs, rom maTi
direqtorebi skolas demokratiuli princi piT ar marTaven.
4.1.4.2 efeqtianoba
umetes SemTxvevaSi, sameurveo sabWo mowadinebulia, rom gaaumjobesos skolis

marTva da saswavlo garemo . skolebis 88%-Si sameurveo sabWos sxdomebis sixSire
Sesabamisi moTxovnis minimums akmayofilebs an aRemateba (mTlianad saSualod
weliwadSi 4.78 -jer). dakvirvebam aCvena, rom qalaqis skolebSi sameurveo sabWos
sxdomebi ufro iSviaTad tardeba. soflebsa da mTiani raionebis skolebSi sabWos
sxdoma saSualod weliwadSi 5 an 6-jer tardeba, qalaqis skolebSi ki es maCvenebeli
3.7 utoldeba. direqtorebis azriT, sameurveo sabWos sxdomaTa sixSire sakmarisia.
Tumca, meores mxriv, miaCniaT, rom ukeTesi iqneba, Tu sabWos sxdoma ufro xSirad
Catardeba. garda amisa, maswavleblebi, romlebic sameurveo sabWos wevrebi arian,
ufro metad uWeren mxars sameurveo sabWos sxdomebis raodenobis zrdas, vidre
direqtorebi, rogorc es qvemoT mocemul cxrilSia naCvenebi. sxva qveynebSi Zalian
bevr sameurveo sabWos dawesebuli aqvs sxdomebi, sadac saganmanaTleblo sakiTxebi
ganixileba. aseTi sxdomebi xSirad saqmian Sexvedrebs Soris tardeba.
cxrili 4.5 sabWos sxdomebis sixSiresTan dakavSirebiT direqtorebisa da maswavleblebis

mosazrebebis Sedareba
sakmarisia arasakmarisia ar vici raodenoba

direqtorebi 78 22 0 103
maswavleblebi 57 30 13 233
sabWos wevrebi, gansakuTrebiT ki soflebSi, rogorc erTidaimave sazogadoebis

wevrebi, xSirad araformalur Sexvedrebs iyeneben skolis sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad
da gadasawyvetad.
176
sameurveo sabWoebis saqmianoba sxvadasxva skolebSi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba
erTmaneTisagan; saSualo maCveneblis mixedviT, sameurveo sabWos wevrebs Soris
maswavleblebi ufro aqtiurebi arian, vidre mSoblebi.
zogierT skolas sameurveo sabWos wevrebis umoqmedobis problema aqvs, rac
gamowveulia imiT, rom sabWos wevrebi dakavebulebi arian da Tanac nakleb interess
amJRavneben aRniSnuli sakiTxisadmi. rogorc qvemoT mocemul cxrilebSia naCvenebi,
SesaZloa, soflis skolebSi sameurveo sabWoebi ufro naklebad aqtiurebi arian,
vidre qalaqisa da mTiani regionis skolebSi.
cxrili 4.6 arian Tu ara sameurveo sabWoSi wevrebi, romlebic sakmaris aqtiurobas ar iCenen?
respondentis kategoria diax (%) xi-kvadratis cvladi albaToba

qalaqis skola 39
soflis skola 55 12.3750 0.0305
mTiani regionis skola 14

raodenoba = 103
cxrili 4.7 gasul wels skolebSi sameurveo sabWos kenWisyriT miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis
raodenoba
respondentis kategoria saSualod 95 sandoobis intervali
qalaqis skola 5.7 3.8 7.5
soflis skola 4.9 3.8 5.9
mTiani regionis skola 5.8 3.1 8.6

raodenoba = 89
zogierT sameurneo sabWoSi (57%) dawesebulia qve-komitetebi. maTi gavrceleba

sxvadasxva skolaSi aseve araTanabaria:
cxrili 4.8: skolebSi sameurveo sabWoebis mier dawesebuli komitetebis arseboba
respondentis kategoria diax (%) xi-kvadratis cvladi albaToba

qalaqis skola 71
soflis skola 48 3.9687 0.4783
mTiani regionis skola 54

raodenoba = 103
miuxedavad sameurveo sabWoebSi qvekomitetebis da sabWoebis arsebobisa,

gamokvlevam aCvena, rom movaleobebi da pasuxismgeblobebi mkafiod ar aris
ganawilebuli qvekomitetebsa da sameurveo sabWoebs Soris da rom sameurveo
sabWoebi Tavad xSirad yvela sakiTxs wyveten rogorc erT mTlians im SemTxvevaSic
ki, Tu maT ama Tu im konkretuli sakiTxisaTvis, mag., moswavleTa disci plinarul
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, specialuri qvekomiteti gaaCniaT.
177
sameurveo sabWoebi, rogorc wesi, ufro metad arian CarTulebi biujetis
dagegmvaSi da angariSgebis sakiTxebSi, vidre saswavlo garemosa da saswavlo
procesis gaumjobesebis saqmeSi. magram, araerTi sabWo aseve cdilobs ganaxorcielos
sakuTari iniciativa, romelic skolis marTvis farglebs scildeba, mag., iseT
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoric aris: skolis gaTbobis sistema, sportuli
moednebi, aRWurvilobis Sesyidva, wamaxalisebeli jildo maswavleblebisaTvis,
moswavleTa daswrebis sakiTxi da a.S. Seswavlili skolebis 42%-Si direqtorebma
aRniSnes, rom sameurveo sabWoebi xSirad axorcieleben skolaSi saswavlo garemos
gaumjobesebasTan dakavSirebul iniciativebs, xolo skolebis 44%-Si direqtorebis
gancxadebiT sameurveo sabWo xandaxan gamodis aseTi iniciativiT. isev da isev,
qalaqisa da mTiani regionebis skolebi am TvalsazrisiT aqtiurobiT gamoirCevian,
rogorc es qvemoT mocemul cxrilSia naCvenebi. Sefasebis gundma ver SeZlo
ganesazRvra soflis skolebSi aqtiurobis aSkarad dabali donis mizezi.
cxrili 4.9: sxvadasxva tipis skolebSi sakuTari iniciativiT moqmedebis sixSiris Sedareba
respondentis kategoria xSirad zogjer iSviaTad arasodes T-testis cvladi albaToba

1.57 0.139
3.52 0.004
mTiani regionis skola 58 41 1 0
Sefasebis jgufi kvlevis dros ewvia goris #6 saSualo skolas, sadac sameurveo
sabWos mniSvnelovani roli aqvs; maswavleblebi da mSoblebi Tanabrad arian
CarTulebi sameurveo sabWos mier gadawyvetilebis miRebis processa da saqmianobaSi.
isini xSirad iCenen iniciativas skolaSi saswavlo garemos gaumjobesebasTan
dakavSirebiT. magaliTad, sameurveo sabWom Tavisi iniciativiT uzrunvelyo skola
specialuri aRWurvilobiT invalidi bavSvebisaTvis. sameurveo sabWo aseve aqtiurobs
fondisaTvis fuladi saxsrebis Segrovebis sakiTxSi. sabWos wevri mSoblebi sxva
mSoblebs regularulad awvdian informacias skolasTan dakavSirebiT da Sesabamisad,
sazogadoeba aqtiurad monawileobs skolis cxovrebaSi. skolis direqtorsa da
sameurveo sabWos wevrebs Soris intensiuri TanamSromloba maT sakuTari funqciebis
ukeTesad SesrulebaSic exmareba.
4.1.4.3 sameurveo sabWos uflebamosilebani
sameurveo sabWoebi jerjerobiT srulad ar iyeneben sakuTar SesaZleblobebs,

ramdenadac isini axlad daarsebul organoebs warmoadgenen. direqtorebi sameurveo
sabWos upirvelesad ganixilaven rogorc organoebs, romelTanac pasuxismgeblobebi
unda gaiziaron da iTanamSromlon, da mas ar ganixilaven rogorc opoziciur Zalas.
magram zogierT SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs dabneulobas skolis administraciasa
da sameurveo sabWos Soris rolebisa da pasuxismgeblobebis ganawilebasTan
dakavSirebiT, rac xSirad skolis marTvis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT ukidures
daZabulobisa da konfliqtebis warmoSobas ganapirobebs. gamokvleul skolaTa
sameurveo sabWos wevrebis 77% aRniSnavs, rom srul informacias flobs sameurveo
sabWoSi sakuTari rolisa da pasuxismgeblobebis Sesaxeb, 15% acxadebs rom kargad
ar icnobs sakuTar pasuxismgeblobebs, xolo 6%-ma araferi icis amis Sesaxeb.
178
sameurveo sabWoebis daaxloebiT 60%-s treningi aqvs gavlili, magram es sabWos
mxolod ramdenime wevrze Tu aisaxeba. aseve, sakiTxebis farTo speqtris irgvliv
trenings sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva organizacia atarebda.
raodenobrivi da Tvisobrivi kvlevis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom sameurveo sabWos
wevrebi damatebiT treningebs saWiroeben. gamokiTxul sabWos wevr maswavlebelTa
43% miiCnevs, rom treningebi maTTvis sakmarisi ar iyo, 38% Tvlis, rom swavleba
sakmarisi iyo, xolo 19%-s am kiTxvaze pasuxi ar aqvs. yvelaze mniSvnelovani maTTvis
aris swavleba maTi rolisa da pasuxismgeblobebis Sesaxeb. sameurveo sabWoebs
surT, rom ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom oficialuri treningebi Caataros
maTi movaleobebisa da uflebamosilebis ukeTesad gacnobis mizniT. mniSvnelovania,
sameurveo sabWos rolisa da pasuxismgeblobebis Sesaxeb informacia da miTiTebebi
erTnairad miewodos direqtorebsa da sabWos wevrebs, raTa Tavidan aviciloT
maT Soris konfliqtebi da gaugebroba. magaliTad, sameurveo sabWosa da skolis
administracias Soris adgili hqonda dapirispirebas sxva maswavleblebTan erTad
skolis biujetis sakiTxebis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT, ramdenadac skolis
administraciam es qmedeba kanonisa da protokolis darRvevad miiCnia.
mSloblebis garda, adgilobrivi sazogadoebis sxva wevrebis monawileoba
sameurveo sabWoSi sakmaod dabalia: Seswavlili skolebis mxolod 29%-s hyavs
sameurveo sabWoSi adgilobrivi sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi.
4.1.4.4 problematuri sakiTxebi
kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda is problemebi, romlis winaSec aRmoCnda sameurveo

sabWo skolis marTvis saqmeSi CarTvis dros. zogierT skolaSi daZabuloba da
konfliqtebi, romelic adgilobriv sazogadoebaSi arsebobs, aseve aisaxeba sameurveo
sabWoze da es xSirad abrkolebs sameurveo sabWos kvalificiur funqcionirebas.
agreTve, erT-erTi skolis sameurveo sabWoSi, sabWos wevrma maswavleblebma
aRniSnes, rom rogorc maswavleblebi, direqtoris zewolisa da Seuracxyofisagan
daucvelebi iyvnen. miuxedavad imisa rom, rogorc samurveo sabWos wevrebi, teqnikurad
sabWos wevri maswavleblebi direqtoris doneze dganan, isini mainc direqtors
eqvemdebarebian rogorc maswavleblebi da direqtors SeuZlia maTi samsaxuridan
gaTavisufleba an xelaxla gadanawileba. sameurveo sabWom aRniSna, rom direqtori
maswavleblebs gaTavisuflebiT daemuqra, rodesac direqtorsa da sameurveo sabWos
Soris dapirispirebas hqonda adgili. sabWos wevrebis azriT unda arsebobdes
iuridiuli dacvis meqanizmebi, romlebic sabWos wevri maswavleblebis uflebebis
dacvas uzrunvelyofs.
4.1.5 mSoblebis monawileoba skolis marTvasa da swavlis procesSi
direqtorebTan da sameurveo sabWosTan gasaubrebis Sedegad dadginda, rom

reformamdel periodTan SedarebiT mSoblebis mier moswavleTa akademiuri moswrebis
Sesaxeb informaciis flobis done garkveulwilad gaumjobesda,magram gaumjobesebis
maCvenebeli arc Tu ise didia. gamokiTxul direqtorTa 42%-is azriT, mSoblebi
ufro arian informirebulni moswavleTa akademiuri moswrebisa da problemebis
Sesaxeb, vidre reformamde. direqtorTa 40% miiCnevs, rom mSoblebi odnav ukeTesad
arian informirebulni, 14% fiqrobs, rom aranairi cvlileba ar aris, xolo 4%-is
gancxadebiT mSoblebi axla ufro naklebad informirebulni arian.
rac Seexeba mSobelTa monawileobas skolis marTvis saqmeSi, rac sameurveo
179
sabWos aqtiurobaSi gamoixateba, raodenobrivi maCvenebeli adasturebs, rom mSoblebi
garkveulwilad aqtiuroben. im mSoblebis saerTo raodenoba, romelTac monawileoba
miiRes sameurveo sabWos arCevnebSi saSualod 60%-ia; mSoblebis 6% sabWos wevrobis
kandidati iyo. rogorc dadginda, mSoblebis monawileobis maCvenebeli qalaqSi ufro
naklebia, vidre sofelsa da mTian regionebSi, rogorc es qvemoT mocemul cxrilSia
naCvenebi:
cxrili 4.10: im mSobelTa proporcia, romelnic sameurveo sabWos kenWisyraSi monawileobdnen
respondentis kategoria saSualo (%) 95% sandoobis intervali Ti-testis cvladi albaToba
qalaqi 50 36 64
1.47 0.164
sofeli 64 50 79
mTaini regioni 65 49 82 - -
raodenoba = 94
cxrili 4.11: im mSoblebis xvedriTi wili, romlebic sameurveo sabWos wevrobis kandidatebi
iyvnen
respondentis kategoria saSualo (%) 95% sandoobis intervali Ti-testis cvladi albaToba
qalaqi 2.5 1.2 3.8
3.44 0.004
sofeli 8 4.5 11
mTaini regioni 7 2.4 12 - -
raodenoba = 96
direqtorebi yvelaze xSirad akademiur sakiTxebSi mSoblebis monawileobis

gaumjobesebas sameurveo sabWos sistemis SemoRebas miaweren. maTi azriT, axla
mSoblebi grZnoben, rom ufro metad arian pasuxismgebelni da ufro did rols
asruleben TavianTi Svilebis swavlis procesSi. saswavlo programis reformam
(individualuri midgoma da Sefasebis 10-quliani sistema), mniSvnelovnad gazarda
mSoblebis daintereseba sakuTari Svilebis akademiur moswrebiTa da problemebiT.
mSoblebis mxridan naklebi daintereseba, rogorc amas direqtorTa umetesoba
aRniSnavs, saskolo cxovrebaSi maTi pasiuri monawileobis umTavresi mizezi iyo.
4.1.6 saganmanaTleblo resurscentris institucionaluri uflebamosileba
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis daarseba mniSvnelovan amocanasTanaa

dakavSirebuli- isini skolebs unda daexmaron skolis marTvisa da saswavlo garemos
gaumjobesebaSi. saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebsac igive problemebi aqvT, rac am
bolo dros daarsebul yvela organos, magram progresi mainc aSkaraa. am punqtSi
ganxilulia saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis amJamindeli SesaZleblobebi da
Zlieri mxareebi, aseve warmodgenilia maTi susti mxareebi da maTTan dakavSirebuli
riski. mocemuli kvleva SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas momavalSi saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebis progresisa da saqmianobis gansasazRvrad da Sesafaseblad.
180
4.1.6.1 saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis Zlieri mxareebi da SesaZleblobebi
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebi mniSvnelovan rols asruleben skolebSi

saswavlo garemos gaumjobesebasa da skolis marTvis saqmeSi; maT dadebiTad afaseben
direqtorebi da maswavlebelebi. direqtorebi kmayofilebi arian saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebis daarsebiT imdenad, ramdenadac maTi saSualebiT ganaTlebisa
da mecnierebis saministro skolis administracias administraciuli swavlebas
da biurokratiul informacias awvdis. gamokiTxul direqtorTa 93% miiCnevs, rom
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebi maT raionebSi sakmaod aqtiuroben maswavleblebis
profesiuli ganviTarebisa da skolebis marTvis saqmeSi. magram maswavleblebi am
sakiTxis mimarT naklebad arian dadebiTad ganwyobilni: gamokiTxul maswavlebelTa
mxolod 15% eTanxmeba srulad im azrs, rom saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebi
sakmaod aqtiuroben skolis marTvis sakiTxebSi, 34% nawilobriv eTanxmeba aRniSnul
mosazrebas, 28% ki fiqrobs, rom saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebi sakmarisad ar
aqtiuroben, xolo 24%-ma ganacxada, rom sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT araferi icis.
meores mxriv, maswavleblebis ufro meti raodenoba (53%) Tvlis, rom maTi raionis
saganmanaTleblo resurscentri sakmaod aqtiuria da zrunavs maT profesiul
ganviTarebaze.
TiTqmis yvela skolis direqtori Tvlis, rom saganmanaTleblo resurscentris
personals sakmarisi unari da SesaZlobleba gaaCnia imisaTvis, rom skolebs
saTanadod daexmaros.
direqtorebi dadebiTad afaseben saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis saqmianobas
Zvel raionul saganmanaTlo sammarTveloebTan SedarebiT. maswavleblebis
damokidebuleba ki kvlavac naklebada dadebiTia (ix. qvemoT mocemuli cxrili)
cxrili 4.12: direqtorebisa da maswavleblebis mier saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebisgan

miRebuli daxmarebis donis Sefaseba raionul sammarTveloebTan SedarebiT (%-Si)
saganmanaTleblo
daxmareba daxmareba
resurs centrebi gansxvaveba daxmareba aranairi
respondentebi ufro gacilebiT raodenoba
gacilebiT met daxmarebas ar aris naklebia daxmareba
metia naklebia
uzrunvelyofen
direqtorebi 85 12 0 0.3 3 0 104
maswavleblebi 18 29 29 14 3 6 166
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrs yvela dainteresebuli mxare aRiqvams, rogorc

skolis administraciasa da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros Soris Suamaval
dawesebulebas, romelic pasuxismgebelia skolebisaTvis daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa
ze da ara skolebis kontrolsa da inspeqtirebaze.
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis xelmZRvanelebTan gasaubrebisas gamoikveTa
direqtorebisa da maswavleblebis dadebiTi damokidebuleba saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebis mimarT. gasaubrebisas aRiniSna, rom saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebs ukeTesi komunikacia da urTierToba aqvT skolebTan, iseve rogorc
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosTan; korufcia mniSvnelovnad Semcirda,
zogierTi saganmanaTleblo resurscentri ganaxlda da axla ukeTesi aRWurviloba
aqvs imisaTvis, rom skolebs saTanadod daexmaros. rac mTavaria, kvlevis dros
sazogadod iqna aRiarebuli, rom saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis xelmZRvanelTa

181
da wevrTagan Zalian bevri sakmaod motivirebulia sakuTari movaleobebis kargad
SesrulebisTvis. garda amisa, Tavad saganmanaTleblo resurscentris wevrebi
aRiareben, rom maT kvlavac esaWiroebaT damatebiTi treningebi da resursebi;
maTTvis ar aris uxerxuli am faqtis aRiareba. zogierTma wevrma ki aRniSna, rom
maT Camoyalibebuli aqvT saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis sustad dakavSirebuli
regionaluri qseli, romlis saSualebiTac axerxeben erTmaneTisaTvis azrebis
gaziarebas da problemebze msjelobas. regionaluri da erovnuli asociaciebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebs Soris am saxis TanamSromlobas
xeli unda SevuwyoT maTi funqcionirebis gaumjobesebis mizniT.
4.1.6.2 saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis sistemis susti mxareebi da maTTan dakavSirebuli

safrTxe
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebisagan dainteresebuli mxareebi mravali

amocanis Sesrulebas moelian, Tumca, rogorc Cans, resurscentrebis fizikuri da
SromiTi resursebi am amocanebis Sesasruleblad sakmarisi ar aris. saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebis xelmZRvanelebTan fokus-jgufis ganxilvebidan cxadi gaxda, rom
resurscentrebs ufro meti kadri, meti da ukeTesi aRWurviloba da arsebuli
personalis SesaZleblobebis zrda esaWiroebaT. direqtorTa mxolod 30% miiCnevs,
rom saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebi sakmarisad arian aRWurvilni imisaTvis, rom
skolebs daexmaron, 51% fiqrobs, rom saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebi mxolod
nawilobriv arian aRWurvilni.
erT-erTi umTavresi problema, romelic saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis
saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT gamoikveTa, erTis mxriv, aris arasakmarisi kavSiri
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosa da saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebs Soris,
xolo meores mxriv _ saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebsa da skolebs Soris. rogorc
ukve aRvniSneT, saganmanaTleblo resurscentri Zvel raonul sammarTveloebTan
SedarebiT gaumjobesebuli dawesebulebaa, magram miuxedavad amisa, komunikaciis
ukmarisoba am upiratesobas Crdilavs. es saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis
erT-erTi udidesi problemaa, romelic sxva mraval problemasac warmoSobs.
komunikaciis arasakmarisi done umeteswilad fizikuri resursebis naklebobiT aris
ganpirobebuli. igulisxmeba iseTi fizikuri resursebis nakleboba, rogoric aris
telefoni, faqsi, interneti, avtomanqanebi da benzini. es is saerTo problemebia,
romelzec saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis xelmZRvanelTa umetesoba amaxvilebda
yuradRebas centralur jgufTan erTad sakiTxis ganxilvisas. magram es problemebi
gadawyvetas eqvemdebareba da umeteswilad, albaT, mogvardeba kidec saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebis ganaxlebasa da aRWurvasTan erTad, miTumetes, rom aRniSnuli
procesebi ukve mimdinareobs. Sefasebis mimdinareobisas, 19 axali resurscentri
gaixsna da srulad aRiWurva. danarCeni 25 saganmanaTleblo resurscentris ganaxleba
uaxloes momavalSi dasruldeba. rodesac yvela resurscentris ganaxldeba da
saTanadod aRiWurveba da rodesac skolebi internetiTa da kompiuteris moxmarebis
saTanado codniT iqneba uzrunvelyofili „irmis naxtomis“ programis farglebSi,
komunikaciis problemac metnaklebad mogvardeba.
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis xelmZRvanelebi umetes SemTxvevaSi sakuTar
ofisebSi xvdebian skolis administratorebs. rogorc maswavleblebTan fokus-
jgufebSi gasaubrebis Sedegad gairkva, umetes SemTxvevaSi, erTaderTi piri, vinc
resurscentrSi midis, direqtoria. maswavleblebs resurscentrebTan umeteswilad
pirdapiri kavSiri ar aqvT.
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saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebisaTvis erT-erTi problema isaa, rom did dros
xarjaven im monacemebis gacxrilvasa da damuSavebaze, romelsac iReben skolebidan
da awvdian ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemebis centrs. umetes SemTxvevaSi
direqtorebi aRniSnaven, rom saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebi skolebidan statistikur
monacemebs droulad agroveben. Tumca monacemebis Segrovebis sixSire yvela skolaSi
gansxvavebulia. es ki miuTiTebs,rom ar arsebobs monacemebis Segrovebis standartizebuli
procesi. yvelaze xSirad monacemebis Segrovebasa da gadacemasTan dakavSirebul
problemad skolebi am amocanis Sesasruleblad micemuli drois simcires asaxeleben.
Tumca, mogvianebiT gairkva, rom angariSis informaciis eleqtronuli versiis Senaxva jer
kidev iSviaTad xdeba, gansakuTrebiT ki soflebSi. saganmanaTleblo resurscentris
xelmZRvanelebma aseve aRniSnes, rom skolebis mier momzadebuli monacemebis xarisxi
zogjer Zalian dabalia. amis mizezi ki angariSis momzadebisa da monacemebis arasaTanado
codnaa. es mdgomareoba saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebs urTulebs monacemebis
Segrovebasa da gadamuSavebas. skolebis samomavlo kompiuterizaciisa da saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebis wyalobiT sirTuleebi garkveulwilad unda aRmoifxvras.
zogierTi saganmanaTleblo resurscentris xelmZRvaneli acxadebs, rom
resurscentrisaTvis biujetis Sedgenis procedura problemuria, radganac maT ar
aqvT sakuTari biujetis Sedgenis ufleba. amitom xelmZRvanelebi iZulebulebi
arian ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros sTxovon nebarTva TiToeul
danaxarjTan dakavSirebiT, rac maT moqnilobas mniSvnelovnad amcirebs. maTi azriT,
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebs ufro meti avtonomia unda mieceT biujetis
dagegmvis sakiTxSi.
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis xelmZRvanelebsa da sxva dainteresebuli
mxareebis mier dadgenili kidev erTi problemuri sakiTxi dakavSirebulia
resurscentrebis rolsa da pasuxismgeblobebTan. saganmanaTleblo resurscentris
xelmZRvanelebs ar moswonT maTi dawesebulebis rolisa da pasuxismgeblobis
gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebuli bundovani mdgomareoba. isini acxadeben, rom arcerT
kanonSi ar aris detalurad Camoyalibebuli maTi movaleobebi da funqciebi da
amitom zogjer skolis direqtorebs ver gaurkveviaT, ra sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT
unda mimarTon saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebs. zogierTi dainteresebuli mxare
aRniSnavs, rom saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebs mravali funqcia aqvs konkretuli
prioritetebis gamokveTis gareSe. resurscentrebis axali valdebulebebi iseT
movaleobebsac ki moicavs, romelic maT funqcias da pasuxismgeblobebis farglebs
scildeba.
4.1.7 skolis SesaZleblobebi biujetis Sedgenis sferoSi
biujetis dagegmva erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia im funqciaTa Soris, romelic

decentralizaciis Semdeg skolebs daekisraT. reformamde skolebs biujetis
Sedgenis aranairi gamocdileba ar hqondaT, vinaidan adgilobrivi mmarTvelobebi
gamohyofdnen saxsrebs skolebisaTvis. winamdebare punqtSi ganxilulia, Tu ramdenad
SeuZliaT skolebs biujetis Sedgena. miTiTebulia, ra saxis procedurebs iyeneben
skolebi biujetis Sedgenis procesSi da ramdenad gamWvirvalea es procesi. aqve
warmodgenilia mTavari problemebi, romelsac dainteresebuli mxareebi gamohyofen
skolis biujetis Sedgenis dros.
TiTqmis yvela skolis direqtorma icis, formulis gamoyenebiT, rogor
gamoiTvleba misi skolis biujeti erT moswavleze. raodenobrivi monacemebis
safuZvelze gamoirkva, rom umTavresad direqtorebi gegmaven skolis biujets.
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biujetis dagegmvis procedura, rogorc wesi, Semdegi elementebisagan Sedgeba:
saWiroebebis Sefaseba, xarjTaRricxva da prioritetebis gamoyofa. zogierT
SemTxvevaSi sameurveo sabWoebi monawileobas iReben saWiroebaTa SefasebaSi da
prioritetebis gamoyofaSi, isini pasuxismgebelni arian biujetis damtkicebaze.
yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba meTodi, rodesac jer direqtori da administraciuli
TanamSromlebi adgenen biujetis gegmas, Semdeg ki damtkicebis mizniT mas ganixilavs
sameurveo sabWo. biujetis dagegmva da damtkiceba sabWos wevrebis mier ganixileba
rogorc maTi umTavresi pasuxismgebloba. Tumca zogierT skolaSi dawesebulia
biujetis dagegmvis ufro efeqturi procedura.
magaliTad, zugdidis raionSi, sofel kaxaTis skolaSi, romelsac Sefasebis
jgufi kvlevis dros ewvia, yoveli sagnobrivi jgufis wevrebi gansazRvraven
im saWiroebebs, romelic maT momdevno wlisaTvis gaaCniaT. maT mier Sedgenili
prioritetebis CamonaTvali gadaecema skolis direqtors. amave dros direqtori da
administraciuli TanamSromlebi, iseve rogorc sameurveo sabWos wevrebi, adgenen
skolis saerTo saWiroebebis CamonaTvals. amis Semdeg, direqtori buRalterTan
erTad amowmebs saxsrebis arsebobas dadgenili saWiroebebis dakmayofilebisTvis da
gamoyofs prioritetebs sagnebis jgufebis xelmZRvanelebsa da sameurveo sabWosTan
konsultaciis safuZvelze. aseTi proceduris gamoyenebiT skola uzurnvelyofs
yvela dainteresebuli piris monawileobas procesSi da erTis mxriv Tavidan
icilebs potenciur daZabulobas saxsrebis marTvasTan dakavSirebiT, meores mxriv
ki uzrunvelyofs arsebuli saxsrebis efeqtur xarjvas. SesaZloa, es magaliTi
procesis modeladac davasaxeloT sxva skolebisaTvis.
skolis direqtorebi aRniSnaven, rom reformamdel periodTan SedarebiT, maT axla
ukeTesad SeuZliaT personalis xelfasebis garda sxva xarjebis biujetic Seadginon
da ufro meti Tavisuflebac gaaCniaT skolis saWiroebebis safuZvelze biujetis
SedgenasTan dakavSirebiT. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, direqtorebi dadebiTad arian
ganwyobilni da mxars uWeren biujetis Sedgenis axal proceduras, ramdenadac es
maT saSualebas aZlevs Tanxebis xarjvisTvis gamoyon prioritetebi da gansazRvron
saxsrebi skolis gaumjobesebis iniciativebisaTvis. magaliTad, xelfasebis garda,
skolebi maswavleblebs damatebiT anazRaurebas da wamaxalisebel premiebs
sTavazoben, sakuTari movaleobebis gansakuTrebulad Sesrulebis da samuSaos
masStabebis gaTvaliswinebiT. maT aseve SeuZliaT mcire sti pendiebi gadauxadon
saukeTeso moswavleebs. araerT skolas aqvs SesaZlebloba daafinansos sakuTari
maswavleblebis profesiuli ganviTareba (saswavlo kursebi maswavleblebisaTvis).
magram zogierT SemTxvevaSi direqtorebma ar ician, aqvT Tu ara ufleba saxsrebi
gamoyon skolis biujetis specifikuri sakiTxebisaTvis (rogoric aris treningebi
skolis marTvasTan dakavSirebiT Tavad maTTvis da maTi administraciuli
TanamSromlebisaTvis), an ra proceduriT unda daamtkicon aseTi saxis xarjebi.
umetes SemTxvevaSi sameurveo sabWo da pedagogiuri sabWoebi CarTulni arian
wamaxalisebeli premiis gacemasTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi.
skolebi aRniSnaven, rom skolis administraciidan biujetis Sesaxeb informaciis
miwodeba ZiriTadad mSoblebisa da maswavleblebis krebis mowvevis saSualebiT
xdeba. amdenad, informacia biujetis Sesaxeb umetes SemTxvevaSi krebis Semdeg
iolad xelmisawvdomi ar aris. maswavleblebis fokus-jgufebSi saubrisas aRiniSna,
rom maswavleblebi, romlebic sameurveo sabWos wevrebi ar arian, nakleb interess
amJRavneben biujetisa da finansuri sakiTxebisadmi da amasTan dakavSirebiT azris
gamoTqmac naklebad ainteresebT. zogierT SemTxvevaSi maT miaCniaT,rom maswavleblis
azrs, Tu igi sabWos wevri ar aris, aravin iTvaliswinebs,.
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TiTqmis yvela skolaSi arian TanamSromlebi, romelTa movaleoba angariSgebis
dokumentebisa da oqmebis marTvaa; maT aseve unda izrunon imaze, rom finansuri
informacia advilad xelmisawvdomi iyos administratorebisaTvis. angariSgebis
monacemebis eleqtronuli saxiT Senaxvis praqtika jer kidev ramdenime skolis
masStabiT (12%) Semoifargleba. skolebis meoTxedze naklebs gaaCnia kompiuterebi
administartorebisaTvis (20%). magram did skolebs Soris (sadac 750-ze meti
moswavle swavlobs), angariSgebis informaciis Sesanaxad kompiuteris gamoyenebis
maCvenebeli 75%-ia. agreTve, im skolebis umetesoba, romelic angariSgebis
monacemebs eleqtronulad inaxavs, koncentrirebulia qalaqebSi. saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebs problemebi eqmnebaT ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemebis
centrisTvis warmodgenili monacemebis eleqtronuli versiis Seqmnisas.
4.1.8 decentralizacia da marTva: daskvnebi
• struqturuli cvlilebebi, romelic saqarTvelos zogad saganmanaTleblo

sistemaSi ganxorcielda, zogadad Sesabamisia sruliad decentralizebuli da
demokratiuli ganaTlebis marTvis garemos Sesaqmnelad;
• dainteresebul mxareTa umetesoba mxars uWers saganmanaTleblo sistemis
decentralizacias da demokratizacias, aseve reformebs, romelic dRemde
ganxorcielda;
• skolebi decentralizebul garemoSi efeqturi da kvalificiuri marTvis
sxvadasxva dones gviCveneben;
• zogadad skolebi jer mzad ar arian bolomde gamoiyenon SesaZleblobebi,
romelsac maT decentralizebuli garemo sTavazobs;
• zogierT skolaSi dawesebulia yvela ti pis monacemis/informaciis Segrovebisa
da Senaxvis efeqturi procedura; aRniSnul skolebs gaaCniaT realuri modeli,
romelic SeiZleba sxva skolebmac gamoiyenon;
• skolis marTvisa da moswavleTa akademiuri moswrebis sakiTxebis
Sesaxeb mSoblebisa da maswavleblebisaTvis informaciis miwodebis procedura
gamartivebulia, magram zogierTi mniSvnelovani monacemi da informacia advilad
xelmisawvdomi ar aris;
• maswavleblebi, romlebic sameurveo sabWos wevrebi ar arian, cudad arian
informirebulebi skolis marTvisa da biujetis Sedgenis Sesaxeb;
• skolebis umetesobaSi direqtorebi da administratorebi adgenen biujetis
gegmas, xolo sameurveo sabWoebi mxolod amtkiceben mas. magram zogierT skolaSi
arsebobs saWiroebaTa Sefasebis, prioritetebis gamoyofisa da biujetis dagegmvis
Zalian efeqturi da kvalificiuri procedurebi, romlebic SeiZleba modelis saxiT
sxva skolebma gamoiyenon.
• skolis direqtorebs, administraciul TanamSromlebsa da sameurveo sabWos
wevrebs aucileblad sWirdebaT dawvrilebiTi axsna-ganmartebebi da miTiTebebi maTi
pasuxismgeblobebisa da uflebamosilebebis Sesaxeb;
• skolis direqtorebsa da administracias esaWiroeba intensiuri swavleba
specialuri codnis misaRebad zogierT kritikul sferosTan dakavSirebiT,
rogoricaa finansuri angariSgeba, monacemebis Segroveba da damuSaveba;
• ramdenadac sameurveo sabWoebi axlad dawesebul organoebs warmoadgenen, maT
sakmarisi organizaciuli SesaZlebloba ar gaaCniaT imisaTvis, rom kvalificiurad
dagegmon TavianTi saqmianoba (mag., amocanebis ganawileba qve-komitetebs Soris);
• qalaqis skolebi (administracia, iseve rogorc sameurveo sabWoebi) (da
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savaraudod maRalmTiani regionis skolebi) ufro met aqtiurobas da survils
amJRavneben avtonomiuri marTvis upiratesobebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT;
• saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebi skolebs ukeTesad exmarebian vidre Zveli
raionuli sammarTveloebi;
• saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebs uamravi amocana ekisrebaT da maTi fizikuri
da SromiTi resursebi yvela amocanis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis sakmarisi ar
aris;
• arsebobs ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros, saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebsa da skolebs Soris komunikaciis problema.
4.2 vauCeruli dafinanseba da skolis finansuri mdgomareoba

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis vauCeruli dafinanseba dawesda skolebisaTvis
Tanxebis gamoyofis procesis meti gamWvirvalobisa da keTilsindisierebis, aseve
Tanxebis efeqtianad xarjvis uzrunvelyofis mizniT. vauCeruli dafinanseba aseve
uzrunvelyofs skolebis finansuri mdgomareobis maT moculobasa da ti pTan
Sesabamisobas. winamdebare punqtSi aRwerilia vauCeruli dafinansebis moqniloba
da efeqtianoba, gaanalizebulia, ramdenad sakmarisia skolis biujeti skolis
saWiroebebisa da materialuri mdgradobis SenarCunebis xarjebis dasafarad. garda
amisa, mocemul punqtSi aRwerilia zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis finansuri
mdgomareoba maTi adgilmdebareobisa da moculobis gaTvaliswinebiT; aseve
warmodgenilia dainteresebuli mxareebis mier gamoyofili problemebi da sferoebi,
romelTa gaumjobesebac aucilebelia.
vauCeruli dafinanseba sakmaod moqnil procedurad aris miCneuli SedarebiT did
skolebSi, sadac garda TanamSromelTa xelfasebisa, arsebobs damatebiTi saxsrebic.
magram patara skolebSi, aseT dafinansebas moqnilad ver gamoviyenebT, radgan aq
TiTqmis mTeli biujeti mxolod xelfasebze ixarjeba. skolis direqtorTa 78%-s
miaCnia, rom vauCeruli dafinanseba sakmaod moqnili proceduraa. direqtorTa is
nawili, romelic ase ar fiqrobs, wuxs imaze, rom moswavleebis mcire raodenobis
gamo maT mier miRebuli dafinanseba arasakmarisia.
cxrili 4.13: direqtorTa midgoma vauCeruli dafinansebis moqnilobis sakiTxisadmi
skolis tipi moqnilia ar aris moqnili xi-kvadratis cvladi albaToba

skola mcire subsidias iRebs 46 55
skola mcire subsidias ar iRebs 94 6 31.39 0.000
TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi (96%), skolebi vauCerul dafinansebas iReben srulad,

yovelgvari dakavebis gareSe. isini maswavleblebsac droulad uxdian xelfasebs.
es mniSvnelovani cvlilebaa reformamdel periodTan SedarebiT da reformebis
finansuri aspeqtis umTavres warmatebas warmoadgens.
amJamad skolebs SeuZliaT ufro meti Tanxa daxarjon skolis momsaxurebaze.
skolebis mier gaxarjuli kapitaluri xarjebis raodenoba bolo sami wlis
ganmavlobaSi gaizarda. gaumjobeseba gansakuTrebiT aSkaraa soflebisa da
mTiani regionebis skolebSi. magram umetes SemTxvevebSi skolis biujeti mainc
ar aris sakmarisi skolis saremonto xarjebis dasafarad. saremonto qalaqisa
da maRalmTiani regionis skolebTan SedarebiT, soflis skolebs ufro awuxebs
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biujetis simcire. skolebs mxolod mcire saremonto samuSaoebisaTvis SeuZliaT
Tanxis gamoyofa, magram kapitaluri remontisaTvis, rogorc wesi, isini iakob
gogebaSvilis programaze arian damokidebuli. saremonto samuSaoebisaTvis rezervis
TvalsazrisiT, maRalmTian regionebSi saxsrebis simciris mwvave problema dgas (ix.
qvemoT mocemuli cxrili).
cxrili 4.14: ramdeni skolis mimdinare fizikuri momsaxurebis xarjebi ifareba skolis biujetiT
(%-Si)
ifareba ifareba
ifareba ifareba saWiroebebi xi-
respondetis saWiroebaTa saWiroebaTa
yvela saWiroebaTa saerTod kvadratis albaToba
kategoria daaxloebiT mcire
saWioeba umetesoba ar ifareba cvladi
naxevari nawili
qalaqis skola 34 33 0 18 15
soflis skola 16 8 6 42 28 16.0493 0.1980
mTiani reg. skola 31 40 0 25 5
raodenoba = 66
cxrili 4.15: aqvs Tu ara Tqvens skolas sakmarisi saxsrebi (maT Soris vauCeruli dafinanseba,
mcire saskolo subsidiebi, adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis dafinanseba, mSoblebis/sazogadoebis
Semowiruloba, iakob gogebaSvilis programa, sponsorebi) imisaTvis, rom daakmayofilos skolis
saremonto saWiroebebi? (%-Si)
yvela saWiroebaTa saWiroebaTa xi-

respondetis saWiroebaTa aranair
saWiroebas daaxloebiT mcire kvadratis albaToba
kategoria umetesobas saWiroebas
akmayofilebs naxevars nawils cvladi
qalaqis skola 26 13 23 21 17
soflis skola 9 8 6 43 34
18.4879 0.1602
mTiani reg. skola 6 2 0 49 44
raodenoba = 81
mcirekontigentiani skolebisaTvis (skolebi,romlebic mcire saskolo subsidiebs

iReben) dafinanseba sakmarisi ar aris. maTi finansuri mdgomareoba garkveulwilad
gaumjobesda, Tumca arc ise mniSvnelovanad.
vauCeruli dafinansebis sami sxvadasxva donis SemoRebam (qalaqis, soflisa da
maRalmTiani skolebisaTvis) dadebiTi Sedegebi aCvena, ramdenadac arasaxelfaso
xarjebis koeficienti mniSvnelovanwilad gaumjobesda soflisa da maRalmTiani
regionebis skolebSi. skolebisa da mTiani regionebis skolebis finansuri
mdgomareoba reformamdel periodTan SedarebiT ufro metad miuaxlovda qalaqis
skolebis finansur mdgomareobas, miuxedavad imisa, rom qalaqis skolebi saSualod
jer kidev ukeTes ara-saxelfaso xarjebis koeficients inarCunebs.
ara-saxelfaso xarjebis koeficientebis Seusabamoba skolebis moculobis mixedviT
(romelic moswavleebis raodenobis Sesabamisad ganisazRvreba: mcirekontigentiani
skola = 100 moswavleze naklebi, saSualo zomis skola = 101 - 750 moswavle,
maRalkontigentiani skola = 750-ze meti moswavle) aseve mniSvnelovanwilad Semcirda.
miuxedavad amisa, did skolebs mainc arasaxelfaso xarjebis ufro maRali resursi

187
gaaCniaT, vidre patara da saSualo zomis skolebs. amave dros mniSvnelovani sxvaoba
rCeba mcirekontigentin da saSualo zomis skolebs Sorisac.
cxrili 4.16: ara-saxelfaso/saxelfaso xarjebis (saSualo) koeficienti skolebis geografiuli

tipis mixedviT
respondetis kategoria 2005 2006 2007

qalaqis skola 23.7 23.4 19.2
soflis skola 2.4 6.3 10.8
mTiani reg. skola 2.7 3.3 10.5
cxrili 4.17: ara-saxelfaso/saxelfaso xarjebis (saSualo) koeficienti skolebis zomis

mixedviT

patara (100 moswavleze naklebi) 2.4 3.7 6.3
saSualo (101-750 moswavleze naklebi) 5.3 8.4 12.6
didi (750 moswavleze meti) 38.1 34.8 29.2
skolebi srulad ar iyeneben SesaZleblobas, ganacxadi gaakeTon vauCeruli

dafinansebis garda sxva Semosavlebis mosapoveblad. mdgomareoba soflisa da
maRalmTiani regionis skolebSi ufro uaresia, vidre qalaqis skolebSi.
cxrili 4.18: gaukeTebia Tu ara Tqvens skolas ganacxadi gamoyofili saxsrebis garda sxva
saxsrebis moTxovniT bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi?
respondetis kategoria diax (%) Ti-testis cvladi albaToba

qalaqis skola 62
soflis skola 41
10.7924 0.0078
mTiani reg. skola 16
raodenoba = 91
rogorc kvlevam aCvena, vauCeruli dafinansebis sistema warmatebulia skolebs

Soris konkurenciis xelSewyobis TvalsazrisiT, rac skolebs stimuls aZlevs
ukeTesi saganmanaTleblo momsaxureba SemogvTavazon (ukeTesi programebi, meti
proeqti, ukeTesi swavleba). yvela sistemas aqvs uaryofiTi mxareebi – gamonaklisi
arc vauCeruli dafinansebaa. Sefasebis dros dadgenil uaryofiT mxareTa Soris
erT-erTia zogierTi skolisTvis moswavleebisa da dafinansebis dakargvis
safrTxe. Tu erT-erT skolaSi konkuretunariani garemoa Seqmnili ukeTesi Senobis,
saswavlo programebisa da swavlebis praqtikis xarjze, misi mezobeli naklebad
konkuretunariani skola aSkarad kargavs moswavleebs da Sedegad Tanxasac,romelsac
vauCeruli dafinansebiT iRebs. Sesabamisad, aRniSnul skolas uWirs maswavlebelTa
minimaluri xelfasis gadaxda da skolis ganviTarebisaTvis Zalian mcire finansuri
resursi rCeba. Sedegad, erTgvari mankieri wre ikvreba. vauCeruli dafinanseba xels
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uwyobs konkurencias, magram meore mxriv, aRar arsebobs usafrTxo qselis meqanizmi
naklebad sasurveli skolebisaTvis, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebma xeli unda Seuwyon programis ganviTarebas. meore sakiTxi, romelic
Sefasebis jgufma aRniSna, aris is, rom mSoblebi xSirad TavianT uflebebs aWarbeben
da cdiloben gavlena moaxdinon skolis gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze TavianT
sasargeblod. isini moiTxoven Svilebis ama Tu im momsaxurebiT uzrunvelyofas,
xolo winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi Svilebis skolidan gayvaniT imuqrebian. aseTi moTxovna,
cxadia, miuRebelia.
4.2.1 vauCeruli dafinanseba da skolebis finansuri mdgomareoba. daskvnebi
• vauCeruli dafinansebis sistemis SemoRebam dadebiTi gavlena moaxdina

skolebis finansur mdgomareobaze;
• vauCeruli dafinanseba zogadi ganaTlebis dafinansebis zrdasTan erTad
iqna miRebuli. amdenad, rTulia am sistemis Sedegebis ganyenebulad Sefaseba;
• skolebi daubrkoleblad iReben dafinansebas da xelfasebic dayovnebis
gareSe gaicema;
• Zvel sistemasTan SedarebiT, skolebs axla ukve aqvT SesaZlebloba ufro
meti arasaxelfaso xarjebi gaiRon: vTqvaT, saswavlo garemos gaumjobesebisa da
skolis saremonto samuSaoebisTvis;
• skolebis umetesoba maswavlebelebs wamaxalisebel premiebs an minimalur
xelfasze mets aZlevs;
• qalaqis, soflis, maRalmTiani regionebisa da sxavadasxva zomis skolebis
saxelfaso/arasaxelfaso xarjebis koeficientiebi ufro dauaxlovda erTmaneTs.
miuxedavad amisa, sxvaoba jer kidev mniSvnelovania;
• mcirekontigentiani skolebi,romlebic mcire saskolo subsidiebs iReben, erT
sulze miRebul dafinansebas umetes SemTxvevaSi kvlav TanamSromlebis xelfasebze
xarjaven. maTi finansuri mdgomareoba sxva danarCeni skolebisgan gansxvavebiT ar
gaumjobesebula;
• soflisa da mTiani regionebis skolebi naklebad gamocdilni arian gare
wyaroebidan saxsrebis miRebis saqmeSi;
4.3 maswavleblebis axali anazRaurebis sqemis efeqturoba

maswavleblebi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi iRebdnen mwir xelfass, rasac Tan axlda
anazRaurebis miRebis xSiri da gaWianurebuli dayovneba. reformis farglebSi
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saminitrom warmoadgina yoveli maswavleblisaTvis
minimaluri anazRaurebis gamoTvlis axali formula, saqarTveloSi maswavlebelTa
xelfasebis zogadi donis gazrdis da kvalificiuri da kompetenturi maswavleblebis
SenarCunebis mizniT. Sefasebis jgufisaTvis miwodebuli informaciis mixedviT
minimaluri saxelfaso donis gansazRvris mizniT niSnulad gamoyenebul iqna sajaro
moxeleTa minimaluri xelfasi - TveSi 115 lari. magram minimalur zRvars zemoT
maswavlebelTa xelfasebi mTlianad skolis finansur mdgomareobaze da marTvis
politikazea damokidebuli da imis mixedviT ganisazRvreba, Tu ra Tanxis damateba
SeuZlia skolas yoveli maswavleblis minimalur xelfasze. Sedegad, maswavlebelTa
xelfasebis realuri raodenoba sxvadasxva skolaSi sxvadasxvaa. saerTo jamSi,
reformis Sedegad, maswavleblis xelfasis done saSualod gaormagda. rogorc
ukve aRvniSneT, maswavlebelTa anazRaurebis gadaxda sagrZnoblad gaumjobesda
189
vauCeruli dafinansebis sistemis SemoRebis Sedegad. winamdebare punqtSi ganxilulia
maswavlebelTa mosazrebebi da kmayofileba axal saxelfaso donesTan dakavSirebiT.
aseve warmodgenilia SedarebiTi analizi skolebis geografiuli ti pis mixedviT,
wamaxalisebeli sqemebis SemoRebis sakiTxi, maswavlebelTa damatebiTi samuSaos
mimoxilva da bolo wlebSi maswavlebelTa raodenobis zrdis tendencia.
4.3.1 maswavlebelTa mosazrebebi anazRaurebis axal sistemasTan dakavSirebiT
maswavlebelTa xelfasebi saSualod gaormagda bolodroindeli reformebis

Sedegad da anazRaurebis gacemac yovelgvari dayovnebis gareSe xdeba. magram rogorc
kvlevam aCvena, maswavlebelTa umetesoba kvlavac ukmayofiloa sakuTari xelfasis
odenobiT. isini miiCneven,rom maTi xelfasis done sxva sajaro moxeleebTan SedarebiT
arasaxarbieloa. rogorc maswavleblebi aRniSnaven, rom maTTvis metwilad gasagebia
xelfasis gamoTvlis axali formula, Tumca, rogorc Cans, xSirad maT kargad ar
esmiT am formulis princi pi. .
gasaubrebisas direqtorebma aRniSnes, rom xelfasis gamoTvlis axali
formulis erT-erTi naklovaneba isaa, rom igi mxolod maswavleblis ganaTlebas
da profesiul gamocdilebas iTvaliswinebs da ara swavlebisa da klasis marTvis
unars. amdenad, 2008 wlisaTvis dagegmil maswavlebelTa testirebis SedegebSi
gaTvaliswinebul unda iyos maswavlebelTa anazRaurebis sqema. kidev erTi problema,
romelsac maswavleblebi xazs usvamen, aris maswavleblisaTvis micemuli klasis
moculobis safuZvelze potenciuri konfliqti maswavleblebsa da direqtorebs
Soris: maswavleblebs survili aqvT naklebi moswavle hyavdeT klasSi, ramdenadac
amJamindeli angariSsworebis sqemis mixedviT es dadebiT rols asrulebs xelfasis
gamoTvlis dros, radgan klasis raodenobrivi simcire ufro maRal koeficientTan
aris dakavSirebuli da piriqiT. direqtorebs surT maswavleblebma ufro didi
moculobis klasebi miiRon, raTa gaaumjobeson SromiTi resursis kvalificiuroba
TavianT skolebSi. maswavlebelebi aRniSnaven, rom maT ar moswonT formula, romlis
mixedviTac didi klasebis maswavlebelma ufro naklebi anazRaureba unda miiRon,
vidre mcire klasebis maswavlebelma. zogierT SemTxvevaSi mSoblebs surT maTi
Svili iseT klasSi iyos, romelsac metad kvalificiuri maswavlebeli aswavlis. am
yvelafers gamouval mdgomareobamde mivyavarT. gamodis, rom maRalkvalificiuri
maswavlebeli, romelsac ufro meti moswavle hyavs, nakleb anazRaurebas iRebs.
4.3.2 maswavlebelTa saxelfaso donis Sedareba sxvadasxva

tipis skolebs Soris, reformamde da reformis Semdeg
maswavlebelTa xelfasebs Soris sxvaoba (saSualo wliuri xelfasi erT

maswavlebelze da saSualo wliuri xelfasi erT akademiur saaTze) qalaqis, soflisa
da maRalmTiani raionis skolebs Soris mniSvnelovanwilad Semcirda. maswavleblis
xelfasis done mTels qveyanaSi msgavsia. kidev ufro metic, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT
cxovrebis sxvadasxva xarjebs aRniSnuli geografiuli mdebareobebis mixedviT,
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom soflis skolebSi maswavleblebs ukeTesi mdgomareoba aqvT, rac
programis erT-erTi mizania. bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi xelfasis absoluturi
raodenoba erT maswavlebelze da erT akademiur saaTze mniSvnelovanwilad gaizarda
yvela kategoriis skolaSi. xelfasebis zrda gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania soflisa
da mTiani raionis skolebSi 2006 - 2007 wlebs Soris, rac vauCeruli gamoTvlis axali
190
formulis warmodgenas emTxveva. am formulam xeli Suwyo soflis da maRalmTiani
raionis skolebis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas.
cxrili 4.19: maswavleblis saSualo wliuri xelfasi erT maswavlebelze bolo 3 wlis
ganmavlobaSi

mTiani reg. skola 1030 1124 1512
cxrili 4.20: maswavleblis saSualo wliuri xelfasi kviraSi erT samuSao saaTze saaTze bolo
3 wlis ganmavlobaSi

mTiani reg. skola 74 89 111
4.3.3 waxalisebis sqema

saerTo Sefasebis Sedegad dadginda, rom skolebis daaxloebiT erTi mesamedi
(37%) maswavleblebs wamaxalisebel premiebs sTavazobs. magram wamaxalisebeli
premiebis gamoyenebis praqtika sxvadasxva skolaSi sxvadasxvaa skolebis geografiuli
mdebareobis mixedviT. soflis skolebSi premiebis sistema ufro naklebad gvxvdeba,
vidre qalaqis skolebSi (ix. qvemoT mocemuli cxrili). arc erTi skolas, romelic
mcire saskolo subsidiebs iRebs, ar SeuZlia misces maswavleblebs wamaxalisebeli
premia. zogierT skolas gaaCnia maswavleblebis klasifikaciis sakuTari kriteriumebi,
romelsac wamaxalisebeli premiis gamoTvlisaTvis iyenebs. direqtorebis umetesoba
(68%) aRiarebs, rom wamaxalisebeli premia efeqturad uzrunvelyofs maswavlebelTa
motivacias.
cxrili 4.21: aZlevs Tu ara Tqveni skola maswavleblebs wamaxalisebel premias?
respondentis kategoria diax xi-kvadratis cvladi albaToba

qalaqis skola 46%
3.6862 0.0341
soflis skola 26%
mTiano raionis skola 47% - -
4.3.4 maswavlebelTa Semosavlis damatebiTi wyaro da repetitoroba
maswavleblis xelfasi xSirad sakmarisi ar aris sacxovrebeli xarjebis

dasafarad. kvlevis jgufTan gasaubrebisas maswavleblebma aRniSnes, rom garda
skolaSi muSaobisa, damatebiT sxvaganac muSaobdnen. magram direqtorTa gamokiTxvis
191
monacemebis mixedviT skolebis umetesobaSi maswavleblebis 25%-ze naklebs aqvs
damatebiTi samuSao xelfasiT miRebuli Semosavlis Sesavsebad. garda amisa, arsebobs
sakuTari klasis moswavleebis kerZo mecadineobis praqtika, rac konfliqtis
potenciuri mizezia. Tumca, es praqtika arc Tu ise masStaburia. direqtorTa 20%-
ze mets ar aRuniSnavs, rom maswavleblebis mier moswavleebis kerZod mecadineobis
praqtika xSiri an Zalian xSiria. zemoTaRniSnuli Sedegi mudmivad aris miTiTebuli
saswavlo programebis angariSSi. magram, Sefasebis jgufma ver SeZlo jvaredini
gamokiTxva Caetarebina moswvleebis gamokiTxvis gziT.
4.3.5 maswavlebelTa kadrebis gadinebis tendencia
axali anazRaurebis sqemas TiTqmis araviTari gavlena ar hqonda maswavlebelTa

kadrebis gadinebis koeficientze. direqtorTa mosazrebiT, maswavlebelTa kadrebis
gadinebis koeficienti TiTqmis ucvleli darCa. Tumca, rogorc kvleva gviCvenebs,
wlebis ganmavlobaSi odnavi kleba aRiniSna (saSualod 6.7% 2005 wels, 4.5% 2006 wels
da 4.1% 2007 wels). magram maswavleblis profesiis mitovebis umTavres mizezad
umetesad xelfasi ar saxeldeba. yvelaze xSirad maswavleblis kadrebis gadinebis
mizezebi, direqtorebis TqmiT, moicavs Semdeg faqtorebs: ojaxuri problema (21%),
pensiaSi gasvla (25%) da sxva samsaxurSi gadasvla (19%), maSin, rodesac direqtorTa
mxolod 7%-ma aRniSna, rom maswavleblis mier skolis datovebis mizezi xelfasi
iyo.
4.3.6 maswavleblis axali anazRaurebis sqemis efeqturoba. daskvnebi
• maswavleblis minimaluri xelfasis done mniSvnelovnad gaizarda anazRaurebis

axali sqemis dawesebis paralelurad. amdenad, Znelia maswavleblis anazRaurebis
gaumjobeseba axali anazRaurebis sqemis sistemas mivaweroT;
• qalaqisa da soflis skolebis maswavleblebi fiqroben, rom sxva
saxelmwifo seqtorebTan SedarebiT, maTi anazRaurebis done jer kidev dabali da
aradamakmayofilebelia;
• ara erTi skola aZlevs maswavleblebs wamaxalisebel premias da damatebiT
anazRaurebas Sesrulebuli samuSaos (klasis xelmZRvaneli, sagnobrivi jgufis
xelmZRvaneli) da kvalifikaciis gaTvaliswinebiT;
• miuxedavad dabali saxelfaso ganakveTisa, maswavleblebis kadrebis gadinebis
koeficienti Zalian dabalia;
• zogierT maswavlebels damatebiTi SemosavlisaTvis sxva samuSaos Sesrulebac
uwevs, magram aseTi praqtika xSiri ar aris;
• maswavlebelTa xelfasebis diferenciacia klasis moculobis mixedviT
anazRaurebis axali sistemis is princi pia, romelsac yvelaze xSirad akritikeben.
4.4 skolebis optimizacia

bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi skolebis optimizacia/konsolidacia ganxorcielda
fizikuri, SromiTi da finansuri resursebis gaumjobesebis mizniT, qveyanaSi
moswavleTa kontingentis Semcirebis fonze. Sefasebis jgufma daadgina, rom
optimizacia xorcieldeba ara marto patara da did skolebs Soris, aramed did
skolebs Sorisac. skolebis mdgomareoba konsolidaciamde da gaerTianebis
meTodebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba optimizaciis individualur SemTxvevebSi
192
da optimizaciasTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetileba upirvelesad optimizaciis
komitetTan sakiTxis ganxilvis gziT miiReba. miTiTebebi, romelze dayrdnobiTac
Sesabamisi komiteti sakiTxs ganixilavs, moicavs mxolod skolis konsolidaciis
sasargeblo da sawinaaRmdego zogad kriteriumebs, amitom konsolidaciis yoveli
SemTxveva individualurad ganixileboda. Sefasebis jgufma gamoarkvia, rom skolis
optimizaciis politika ar efuZneba warmatebis konkretul kriteriumebs da
amocanebs.
winamdebare punqtSi ganxilulia konsolidaciis gavlena SromiTi, fizikuri
da finansuri resursebis marTvaze, aseve moswavleebis akademiur aqtivobaze; aqve
warmodgenilia optimizaciis sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli problemebi da direqtorTa
mosazrebebi konsolidaciis Sesaxeb.
4.4.1 SromiTi, fizikuri da finansuri

resursebis konsolidaciis gavlena
bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi or etapad ganxorcielebuli

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis srulmasStabiani optimizaciis ZiriTadi mizani
iyo SromiTi, fizikuri da finansuri resursebis efeqturi gamoyenebis gazrda.
winamdebare punqtSi ganxilulia, Tu ramdenad dadebiTi gavlena iqonia am
elementebze skolebis konsolidaciam.
konsolidirebul skolebSi koeficienti - moswavle/maswavlebeli da koeficienti
- moswavle/ara-maswavlebeli TanamSromlebi ufro maRalia vidre arakonsolidirebul
skolebSi. konsolidaciis Sedegad cvlilebebi ar ganicada moswavle/maswavlebeli
koeficientma, magram garkveulwilad gaumjobesda koeficienti moswavle/
aramaswavlebeli TanamSromlebi. konsolidaciis ti pebSi ufro gavrcelebulia
administraciuli konsolidacia da ara fizikuri konsolidacia. konsolidaciis
dros ganxorcielda skolebis aramaswavlebeli TanamSromlebis garkveuli
restruqturizacia, romelmac skolis xarjebis mcire danawevreba ganapiroba. meores
mxriv, maswavleblebis restruqturizacias sakmaod iSviaTia. konsolidirebul
skolebSi, direqtorebis azriT, skolis marTvisaTvis ufro efeqturi iqneboda
konsolidaciis dros gaerTianebuli skolebis maswavleblebis gaTavisufleba
skolebidan, gansakuTrebiT ki imitom, rom realurad yvela moswavle ar gadmodis
Semadgeneli skolebidan. magram maswavleblebis gaTavisufleba Zalian delikaturi
sakiTxia da direqtorebs amis gakeTeba ar surT. zogierT SemTxvevaSi direqtorebi
darwmunebulni ar arian, SeuZliaT Tu ara maswavleblebis gaTavisufleba. aseve
ar ician, unda miiRon Tu ara konsolidaciis dros SemoerTebuli skolebis yvela
maswavlebeli.
akademiuri saaTebis saSulo raodenoba 2007 wels TiTqmis igivea konsolidirebul
da arakonsolidirebul skolebSi. saaTebis raodenoba zogadad odnav Semcirda
orive saxis skolaSi.
konsolidaciam garkveulwilad gaaumjobesa SromiTi resursebis marTva, magram
arcTu ise mniSvnelovanad, radgan konsolidaciis Semdeg saswavlo personalis
restruqturizacia ar momxdara.
193
cxrili 4.22: koeficienti moswavle/maswavlebeli
albaToba albaToba albaToba

skolis tipi 2005 2006 2007
(Ti-testi) (Ti-testi) (Ti-testi)
konsolidirebuli 9 7.9 7.6
0.308 0.417 0.403
ara-konsolidirebuli 8.1 7.2 7.0
cxrili 4.2.3: koeficienti moswavle/aramaswavlebeli

skolis tipi 2005 2006 2007
konsolidirebuli 73.1 79.1 89.2
0.332 0.204 0.153
cxrili 4.2.4: akademiuri saaTebis saSualo raodenoba

skolis tipi 2005 2006 2007
konsolidirebuli 14.8 12.1 13.0
0.920 0.007 0.684
2005-2007 wlebs Soris mniSvnelovani gaumjobeseba ar aRiniSneba moswavle/

’saklaso oTaxi koeficientis TvalsazrisiT. maCvenebeli konsolidirebul
skolebSi ar gazrdila da TiTqmis ucvleli darCa 2005 da 2007 wlebs Soris, magram
arakonsolidirebul skolebSi aRniSnuli koeficienti Semcirda imave periodis
ganmavlobaSi, ramac mniSvnelovani gaxada gansxvaveba arakonsolidirebul da
kosolidirebul skolebs Soris.
skolebisaTvis fizikuri saswavlo aRWurvilobis gamoyofasTan dakavSirebiT
mdgomareoba odnav gaumjobesda. direqtorebis TiTqmis 40% acxadebs rom
fizikuri resursebis marTva konsolidaciis Sedegad gaumjobesda. koeficienti
merxi/moswavle (merxebis raodenoba erT moswavleze) 2007 wels konsolidirebul
skolebSi ufro dabalia vidre ara-konsolidirebul skolebSi. konsolidirebuli
skolebis direqtorebis 72% acxadebs, rom maT biblioTekebSi konsolidaciis
Sedegad wignebis raodenoba gaizarda. magram direqtorebis mxolod 8%-ma
ganacxada, rom laboratoriuli aRWurvilobis raodenoba gaizarda, xolo 19%-
is TqmiT, maT konsolidaciis Semdeg ufro meti sportuli aRWurviloba aqvT
skolebSi.
cxrili 4.25: moswavle/saklaso oTaxi saSualo koeficienti
albaToba albaToba
skolis tipi 2005 2007
(Ti-testi) (Ti-testi)
konsolidirebuli 19.6 19.3
0.314 0.087
arakonsolidirebuli 15.6 13.6
194
konsolidirebul skolebSi finansuri mdgomareoba TiTqmis arakonsolidirebuli
skolebis gaumjobesebis donis Tanasworad umjobesdeba. naxevarze met SemTxvevaSi
direqtorebi acxadeben, rom finansuri resursebis efeqturoba konsolidaciis
Sedegad gaumjobesda. magram arsebobs ramdenime SemTxva, rodesac finansuri
mdgomareoba gauaresda.
4.4.2 konsolidaciis gavlena moswavleebis swavlaze,

saswavlo SesaZleblobebsa da registraciaze
sagnobrivi kvalifikaciis mixedviT maswavleblebis daniSvnis princi pi ar

Secvlila. im maswavlebelTa raodenoba, romlebic aswavlian sagans maSin, rodesac
specialuri kvalifikacia ar gaaCniaT, konsolidaciamde da mis Semdeg ucvleli
rCeba.
skolis direqtorebi darwmunebulni arian, rom konsolidaciis Sedegad miRebuli
klasebis sidide uaryofiTad ar moqmedebs moswavleebis aqtivobaze. isini aRniSnaven,
rom moswavleebis aqtivobaze konsolidaciis uaryofiTi gavlena gansakuTrebiT did
da saSualo zomis skolebze aisaxa. TiTqmis yvela amgvari skolis direqtors miaCnia,
rom klasis sidide uaryofiT gavlenas axdens moswavleTa akademiur aqtivobaze.
amave dros, mcirekontigentiani skolebis direqtorebi acxadeben, rom konsolidacias
maTze aseTi uaryofiTi gavlena ar hqonia.
rac Seexeba saganmanaTleblo programebs skolaSi, konsolidirebuli skolebis
direqtorTa 54% aRniSnavs, rom konsolidaciis Semdeg maT damatebiTi klasgareSe
aqtivobebi warmoadgines. direqtorTa 46%-is mosazrebiT cvlileba saerTod ar
momxdara. konsolidaciam dadebiTi gavlena iqonia moswavleebisaTvis arasaprogramo
RonisZiebebis uzrunvelyofaze.
cxrili 4.26: konsolidaciis Sedegad miRebuli didi zomis klasebis gavlena moswavleebis
akademiur aqtiobaze, skolebis sididis mixedviT
Zalian
aranairi dadebiTi Zalian
respondentis kategoria uaryofiTi uaryofiTi
gavlena gavlena dadebiTi
gavlena
patara skola (100-ze naklebi 0 0 90.2 0 9.7
moswavle)
saSualo zomis skola (101 - 750 15.7 74.6 2.5 0 7
mosawavle)
didi skola (750-ze meti 45.6 54.3 0 0 0
mosawavle)
195
cxrili 4.27: konsolidaciis Sedegad miRebuli didi zomis klasebis gavlena moswavleebis
akademiur aqtiobaze, skolebis geografiuli mdebareobis mixedviT
Zalian
aranairi dadebiTi Zalian
respondentis kategoria uaryofiTi uaryofiTi
gavlena gavlena dadebiTi
gavlena
qalaqis skola 20.8 79.1 0 0 0
soflis skola 18.3 47.9 16.8 0 16.8
mTiano raionis skola 6.9 30.1 56.0 0 6.9
konsolidirebul skolebs aseve ufro meti problema aqvT moswavleTa

daswrebasTan dakavSirebiT, rac transportirebis sirTuleebiT aris gamowveuli.
skolebis geografiuli ti pebis mixedviT Sedarebis dros sxvaoba amasTan dakavSirebiT
ar dafiqsirebula. konsolidirebuli skolebi, romelsac saskolo avtobusebi
ar emsaxurebian, aRniSnaven, rom moswavleTa daswreba maTTan ufro problemuria,
vidre arakonsolidirebul skolebSi, romlebsac saskolo avtobusebi ar hyavT da
konsolidirebul skolebSi, romelTac saskolo avtobusebi hyavT.
cxrili 4.28: arian Tu ara skolaSi moswavleebi, romlebsac daswrebis dabali maCvenebeli aqvT
transportirebis sirTulis gamo?
xi-kvadratis
respondentis kategoria diax ara albaToba
cvladi
konsolidirebuli 38.9 61.1
4.7837 0.0831
arakonsolidirebuli 15.7 84.3
xi-kvadratis
cvladi
konsolidirebuli skola avtobusis 46.2 53.8
gareSe
5.5440 0.0964
arakonsolidirebuli skola avtobusis 16.0 84.0
gareSe
xi-kvadratis
cvladi
konsolidirebuli skola avtobusiT 21.7 78.3

* *
konsolidirebuli skola avtobusis gareSe 46.2 53.8
196
skolebi aRniSnaven, rom konsolidaciam uaryofiTad ar imoqmeda skolasa da
mSoblebs Soris TanamSromlobaze. konsolidirebuli skolebis arc erT direqtors
ar ganucxadebia, rom konsolidaciis Semdeg saskolo saqmeebSi mSoblebis
monawileoba Semcirda.
4.4.3 mxareTa mier dasaxelebuli ZiriTadi problemebi
Sefasebis jgufis mier konsolidaciasTan dakavSirebiT dasaxelebuli ZiriTadi

problema isaa, rom ar arsebobs konkretulad dasaxuli miznebi da amocanebi. erTis
mxriv, aSkaraa, rom procesis mizania fizikuri, SromiTi da finansuri resursebis
gazrda, meores mxriv ki, ar arsebobs kriteriumebi iseTi parametrebisaTvis,
rogoric aris: skolis sidide, moswavle/aramaswavleblis koeficienti, klasis zoma,
skolebis saerTo raodenoba. miuxedavad imisa, rom arsebobs araerTi faqtori,
romelic konsolidaciasTan dakavSirebul gadawyvetilebebze axdens gavlenas
da gansakuTebuli geografiuli mdebareobisa da qveynis reliefis gamo yoveli
SemTxveva individualuri da unikaluria, mainc unda arsebobdes progresisa da
warmatebis gansasazRvrad dawesebuli maCveneblebi.
konsolidirebuli skolebi sxvadasxva problemas awydebian. administraciuli
konsolidaciis SemTxvevaSi, zogierTi skola acxadebs, rom problemebi aqvs maT
skolasTan SemoerTebuli ufro mcire skolebisaTvis skolis movlis xarjebis
dafinansebasTan dakavSirebiT (dasufTavebis, dacvis da a.S. xarjebi). administraciuli
konsolidaciis zogierT SemTxvevaSi gaerTianebuli ori skola erTmaneTTan Zalian
Sors mdebareobs da es skolis marTvas arTulebs.
zogierT SemTxvevaSi konsolidirebuli skolebis direqtorebs problema
aqvT konsolidaciis meTodTan dakavSirebiT. umetesad skolebSi, sadac mxolod
adminisitraciuli konsolidacia moxda, fizikuri konsolidacia ukeTes alterna
tivad miiCneva.
Sefasebis dros zogierTma mTavarma respondentma ganacxada, rom saSualo da
didi zomis skolebis konsolidacias, gansakuTrebiT ki qalaqebSi, SeiZleba Sedegad
mohyves zedmetad didi skolebis Seqmna. aseT SemTxvevaSi konsolidacias uaryofiTi
gavlena eqneba skolis marTvasa da moswavleTa aqtivobaze. saerTaSoriso kvleva
mxars uWers mosazrebas skolebis zedmetad didi zomis uaryofiTi gavlenis
Sesaxeb.
4.4.4 direqtorTa mosazrebebi optimizaciasTan dakavSirebiT
amJamad direqtorTa daaxloebiT 20% Tvlis, rom sxva skolebTan konsolidacia

maTi skolisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba SromiTi da finansuri resursebis efeqturi
gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. maT Soris, vinc konsolidacias misi skolisaTvis
sasargeblo miiCnevs, daaxloebiT 40% konsolidaciaSi gasaerTianebel erTeulebSi
konkretul skolebs gulisxmobs. skolebis geografiuli mdebareobis gavlenis
TvalsazrisiT, qalaqebSi skolis direqtorebis daaxloebiT 30% fiqrobs, rom
konsolidacia sasargeblo iqneba maTi skolebisaTvis, maSin rodesac igive
mosazrebas soflis skolebis 10%-is direqtorebi afiqsireben (rac statistikurad
mniSvnelovani ar aris). ukve gaerTianebul skolebs Soris TiTqmis naxevari (45%),
rac mniSvnelovnad maRali proporciaa saerTo koeficientTan (20%) SedarebiT,
miiCnevs, rom Semdgomi konsolidacia sasargeblo iqneba maTi skolisaTvis. skolis
zomebis mixedviT sxvaoba ar dafiqsirebula.
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vauCeruli dafinansebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Seswavlili konsolidirebuli
skolebis direqtorTa umetesoba (63%) miiCnevs, rom maTi skolis konsolidacia iyo
kargi gadawyvetileba. magram 23%-ma aRniSna, rom maTi skolebisaTvis konsolidacia
kargi gadawyvetileba ar iyo. direqtorebTan fokus-jgufebSi gamovlinda, rom
zogierT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac finansuri resursebis mqone skolis gaerTianeba moxda
iseT skolasTan, romelsac moswavleTa mcire da maswavlebelTa didi raodenoba
hyavs, saerTo finansuri mdgomareoba gauaresda. qalaqis skolebs konsolidacias
vauCerul dafinansebasTan mimarTebaSi ufro dadebiTad afaseben, vidre soflis
skolebSi. aseve, sxva skolebTan SedarebiT, ufro xSirad did skolebi Tvlian, rom
konsolidacia iyo kargi gadawyvetileba.
4.4.5 skolis optimizacia: daskvnebi
• Sefasebis dros dadginda, rom skolis optimizaciam gavlena ar moaxdina

mosawavle/maswavlebeli koeficientze;
• konsolidirebuli skolebis direqtorebi saswavlo samuSao Zalebis
restruqturizaciis winaaRmdegi arian, Tumca aRiareben, rom es kvalificiurobis
uzrunvelyofas Seuwyobs xels;
• koeficienti moswavle/ara-maswavlebeli TanamSromlebi garkveulwilad
gaumjobesda gaerTianebul skolebSi;
• konsolidaciam xeli ar Seuwyo moswavle/saklaso oTaxi koeficientis
gaumjobesebas, Tumca konsolidaciis wyalobiT ar moxda koeficientis gauareseba
sxva arakonsolidirebuli skolebis msgavsad;
• konsolodirebuli skolebis finansuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba
mniSvnelovnad ar gansxvavdeba gaumjobesebis zogadi tendenciisagan;
• konsolidaciam gamoiwvia moswavleTa daswrebis problemis gamwvaveba,
gansakuTrebiT ki im skolebSi, romelTac saskolo avtobusebi ar hyavT;
• direqtorebi garkveulwilad ukmayofilo arian konsolidaciis meTodiTa da
misi ganxorcielebis gadawyvetilebiT;
• mainc SedarebiT maRalia direqtorTa daintereseba konsolidaciiT;
• direqtorTa umetesoba aRiarebs, rom vauCeruli dafinansebis sistemis qveS
maTi konsolidacia sasargeblo aRmoCnda finansuri efeqturobis TvalsazrisiT.
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5. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
5.1. saswavlo garemo
5.1.1 maswavleblebis treningebi. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
5.1.1.1 maswavleblebis trenigebi skolis bazaze da swavleba axal saswavlo programasTan

dakavSirebiT
miRebuli Sedegebi gviCvenebs mniSvnelovan warmatebebs skolis bazaze

maswavlebelTa trenigebisa da axal saswavlo gegmasTan dakavSirebuli swavlebis
TvalsazrisiT, Tu ramdenad didia progresi sul ramdenime weliwadSi. kvlevis
Sedegad aseve dadginda, rom maswavlebelTa swavlebis reformis farglebSi kidev
bevri ram aris gasakeTebeli. magaliTad, maswavlebelTa ori mesamedi aRniSnavs, rom
axal meTodologiasTan dakavSirebiT maT esaWiroebaT treningebi, maswavleblebis
naxevari ki Tvlis, rom trenigebi, romelic maT gaiares aqtiuri swavlebis sferoSi,
sakmarisi araa.
aqtiur swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT damokidebuleba mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda.
miuxedavad amisa, maswavleblebi bolomde ar arian darwmunebulni, rom axali
meTodebi marTebulia da klasSi srulad SeZleben maT gamoyenebas. amdenad,
maswavleblebi TavianT saswavlo meTodebs cvlian, magram arasrulad da
arasaTanadod. amas ara marto Cveni kvlevebi, aramed gamokiTxulTa mier mowodebuli
informaciac adasturebs. Sefasebis jgufma aRmoaCina, rom im mokle periodSi,
rodesac gakveTilebze dakvirveba mimdinareobda, maswavlebelTa mosalodnelze
meti raodenoba iyenebda rogorc tradiciul (pasiur), aseve aratradiciul (aqtiur)
meTodebs. gakveTili TiTqmis yovelTvis agebulia tradiciuli didaqtikuri
organizebis princi piT, rac aqtiur swavlebas minimumamde amcirebs. im SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac gakveTilebze dakvirveba ufro xangrZlivi droiT iyo SesaZlebeli,aRmoCnda,
rom maswavleblebi zogjer namdvilad iyeneben uaxles meTodebs. es aris sakiTxi,
romelic analogiurad viTardeba sxva qveynebSic, sadac aRniSnuli meTodebis
damkvidreba xdeba. es gasagebic aris, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT sirTules, romelic
modelebisa da didi mxardaWeris gareSe axali meTodebis konceptualizacias
axlavs.
Zveli tradiciebidan axal midgomaze gadasvla sirTuleebs warmoSobs analogiur
procesSi CarTul sxva qveynebis ganaTlebis sistemebSic. reformis mdgradoba
da waxaliseba unda exmarebodes gardamavali periodis daZlevas, magram aSkarad
arsebobs ufro mosaxerxebel trdiciul meTodebze mijaWulobis safrTxe.
aqtiuri swavlebis da Sefasebis meTodebis gamoyenebis mTavari dabrkolebebia:
maRalkontigentiani klasebi, gakveTilebis xangrZlivobis simcire, axal meTodebis
praqtikisTvis arasakmarisi dro maswavleblebisaTvis da skolis garemo, romelSic
maswavlebeli ver grZnobs direqtoris da kolegebis mxardaWeras. mcire sxvaobebi,
romelic gamovlinda skolebis ti pebis mixedviT, miuTiTebs imaze, rom saWiroa
treningebis farTomasStabiani ganxorcieleba. soflis skolebSi treningebis garda
damatebiT RonisZiebebis gatarebac aris aucilebeli.
rogor gamoviyenoT aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebi did klasebSi - es sakiTxi
gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria qalaqis skolebSi da zogierTi soflis skolaSic.
erT-erTi meTodi didi klasebis efeqturad marTvisaTvis aris naxevrad
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avtonomiuri jgufebis Seqmna. amgvarad moswavleebs ufro meti pasuxismgebloba
daekisrebaT swavlaze, maT eqnebaT swavlis sakuTari tempi da stili. es xels
Seuwyobs klasisa da swavlebis ufro met efeqturobas. aucilebelia, Catardes
damatebiTi treningebi saCvenebeli mecadineobebis warmodgeniT. gakveTilebis mokle
xangrZlivobasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis mosagvareblad, erovnuli saswavlo
gegmis da Sefasebis centrma treningebis kursSi unda gaiTvalsiwinos sakiTxi,
rogor SeiZleba maswavlebelma moargos aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebi gakveTilis
xangrZlivobas. meores mxriv,ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saminitrom da skolebma unda
gaiTvaliswinon is meTodebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, gakveTilebis gaxangrZliveba.
kidev erTi sakiTxi, romelic erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centrma
momaval saswavlo kursebSi unda gaiTvaliswinos, Tu jer ar gauTvaliswinebia, aris
treningebis organizeba Temaze _ rogor aswavlos maswavlebelma sxvadasxva donis
moswavleebs.
skolis bazaze saswavlo triningebis koordinatori darwmunebulia, rom
saswavlo kursebSi Teoriuli sagnebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, swavlebis stili
da swavlebis sxvadasxvagvari SesaZleblobebi, naklebad iyo gaTvalisiwinebuli.
Tumca, Sefasebis jgufi Tvlis, rom warmodgenili saswavlo masalebi ufro met
informacias moicavda vidre msgavsi saswavlo kursebi sxva qveynebSi. ar arsebobs
masala qarTul an rusul enebze, rTuli ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis danergva ki
damatebiT Teoriuli masalas moiTxovs. amitom, aucilebelia masalis momzadeba
gansakuTrebiT swavlebisa da Sefasebis satreningo kursisTvis. gansakuTrebiT
prioritetuli SeiZleba iyos praqtikuli problemebi sxvadasxva saganSi aqtiuri
swavlebis magaliTebTan dakavSirebiT.
struqturulad,SerCevis meqanizmis gamoyenebam saswavlo gegmasTan dakavSirebuli
swavlebis kursSi, rac ufro aqtiuri maswavleblebis SerCevas gulisxmobs, SeiZleba
mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobesos saswavlo gegmebis trenigkursi, magram mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu maswavleblebs sakmarisi dro an SesaZlebloba miecemaT sakuTari
codna TavianT kolegebs gauziaron. am miznis gansaxorcieleblad SeiZleba SerCeul
maswavleblebs damatebiTi anazRaureba daeniSnoT imisaTvis, rom SabaT-kviras
swavleba Cautaron sxva maswavleblebs ufro tradiciuli kaskaduri modelis
gamoyenebiT; aseve SeiZleba aRniSnul maswavleblebs datvirTva odnav SevumciroT
imis sanacvlod, rom maT adgilze Cautaron swavleba sxva maswavleblebs an TavianTi
codna saklaso oTaxSi vizitis saSualebiT gauziaron. orive meTodi saWiroebs
damatebiT xarjebs, rac kidev axal programul cvlilebebTan aris dakavSirebuli,
magram zogierT SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia xarjebis Canacvleba. is faqti, rom
moswavle/maswavlebeli koeficienti xSirad konsolidaciis miuxedavad ucvleli
rCeba (ix. punqti 4), miuTiTebs imaze, rom arsebobs SesaZlebloba - ar Seicvalos
resursebi.
bolo periodSi ganxorcielebuli treningebis organizaciasTan dakavSirebuli
kidev erTi problemaa is, rom maswavleblebis umetesobisaTvis qarTul enaze masalebi
xelmisawvdomi ar aris. idealur variantSi, reformis dros uzrunvelyofili
damxmare masalebi da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier mowodebuli
informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor gamoviyenoT axali moTodebi, unda iyos ufro
srulyofili (ufro meti broSura da ara ramdenime gverdasagan Semdgari Tezisebi),
romlebic ufro meti raodenobiT gamoicema da ufro farTod gavrceldeba.
gavrcelebuli werilobiTi masalebi SeiZleba maswavleblebma ganaTlebisa da
mecnierebis saministros mxridan axali meTodebis mxardaWerad aRiqvan. Zalian
kargi iqneba, Tu saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebisa da skolis biblioTekebSi ufro
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meti saswavlo masala iqneba da aseve meti masala miewodeba yovel maswavlebels.
Sefasebis jgufi aRniSnavs, rom es dakavSirebuli iqneba xarjebsa da programul
cvlilebebTan. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Sefasebis jgufs ar SeuZlia konsultacia
damatebiTi informaciis gareSe.
axali meTodebisa da saswavlo programebisadmi maswavleblebis midgomis
Camosayalibeblad ara erTi Sesavali RonisZieba ganxorcielda. amaSi advilad
darwmundebiT Tu SeadarebT registrSi maswavlebelTa adgilebs reformisadmi
maTi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb pasuxebis Sesabamisad. marTalia ver vityviT, rom
maswavleblebis pasuxi dasawyisSi iyo nuli, msoflio bankis mier Catarebuli
kvlevebi (sanCo da hernandesi, 1999; Sahriari, 1999) gviCvenebs, rom dasawyisSi TiTqmis
yvela maswavlebeli registrSi ufro qvemoT daikavebdnen adgils. magram reformebis
adreuli etapebisa da masStabebis gaTvaliswinebiT, jer kidev bevri ram aris
gasakeTebeli imisaTvis, rom maswavlebleblebma axali meTodebi gaiTavison. amas
adasturebs is, rom arc Tu ise maRali qulebi miiRes im maswavleblebma, romlebic
skolis bazaze Catarebul profesiuli ganviTarebis trenigebTan an sacdel saswavlo
programebTan dakavSirebul saswavlo kursebSi monawileobdnen.
safrTxe, romelic sxva qveynebSi msgavsi meTodebis damkvidrebisas arsebobda,
iyo is, rom damatebiTi saswavlo kursebisa da warmatebuli magaliTebis
an maswavleblebisaTvis axali meTodebis Rirebulebis damtkicebis gareSe,
maswavlebelTa damokidebuleba zogierT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba uaryofad Secvliliyo.
maswavlebelTa aqtiuri swavlebis magaliTebis Cvenebis mowyoba, romelic gamoiyeneba,
magaliTad, skolis bazaze maswavlebelTa swavlebis programaSi, informaciis
gadacemis erT-erTi saukeTeso gzaa. garda amisa, maswavleblebs SeuZliaT Tavad
Seiswavlon aqtiuri swavlebis modelebi aqtiuri swavlebis midgomebis11 gamoyenebiT.
maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebis gegma jer kidev Camoyalibebis procesSi
iyo Sefasebis dros, magram, maT, vinc am saqmeSia CarTuli, unda gaiTvaliswinon
moTxovna uwyveti wliuri profesiuli ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, da ara erTjeradi
moTxovna. saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebisa da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis
saministrosaTvis datvirTvisa da xarjebis Sesamcireblad aRniSnuli sakiTxi
SeiZleba arasamTavrobo organizaciebma, universitetebma an kerZo provaiderebma
moagvaron licenziiT standartizebuli xarisxiT,rac qmnis imis garantias,rom saqmeSi
CarTuli pirebi kvalificiurn da gamocdilni iqnebian maswavlebelTa Tanamedrove
saswavlo reformebis ganxorcielebaSi. magram aRniSnulma pirebma sifrTxile
unda gamoiCinon damatebiT xarjebTan dakavSirebiT, rac SeiZleba maswavleblebs
daekisroT; xelfasebis zrdis miuxedavad, izrdeba konkurencia, radgan rac SeiZleba
meti organizacia Seecdeba licenziis mopovebas.
pirebma, romelnic CarTulni arian saswavlo kursebis marTvis saqmeSi, aseve
direqtorebma da maswavleblebma aRniSnes, rom skolebSi cvlilebebis warmatebiT
danergvaSi mTavari roli direqtorebs ekisrebodaT; amas maswavlebelTa gamokiTxva
da fokus-jgufebSi Catarebuli ganxilvebic adasturebs. direqtori, romelsac
kargad esmis reformis arsi da xels uwyobs mis ganxorcielebas, umTavres funqcias
asrulebs da es saganmanaTleblo reformis Sesaxeb arsebul araerT saerTaSoriso
literaturasa da sxva qveynebis programebSia miTiTebuli. Tu direqtori ar
icnobs inovacias da ar icis rogor ganaxorcielos igi, man SeiZleba mouqnelad
imoqmedos siaxleebis danergvisas an SeiZleba SeewinaaRmdegos cvlilebas. amrigad,
direqtorebma maswavleblTa msgavsad unda gaiaron treningebi, magram isini unda
11 magram Sefasebis jgufma daadgina, rom araviTari kavSiri ar arsebobs skolis bazaze profesiul ganviTarebaSi CarTul
“maswavlebelTa instruqtorebsa” da aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis gamoyenebas Soris.

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CaerTon maswavleblebi Sida-samsaxureobriv kvalifikaciis asamaRlebel treningebSi,
rac xels Seuwyobs swavlebis efeqturobis zrdas da Tavidan agvacilebs reformis
Cavardnas zogierT skolaSi. SeiZleba arc Tu ise Wkvianuri iyos davelodoT
direqtorebis formalur treningebs manam, sanam axali direqtorebis arCevnebis
xangrZlivi procesi dasruldeba (rogorc punqt 4-Si iyo aRniSnuli). ganaTlebisa
da mecnierebis saministrom xelidan Zalian kargi SesaZlebloba gauSva, mas
SeeZlo Caetarebina iseTive sistematuri treningebi direqtorebisTvisac, rogoric
maswavleblebs Cautara. am gziT igi SeZlebda ukeTesad daxmareboda maswavleblebs
da aseve moemzadebina droebiTi direqtorebi, romelTagan Zalian bevri SemdgomSi
mudmivi direqtori gaxdeboda. saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebma aRniSnes, rom
direqtorebis treningebi momavali wlisaTvis erT-erTi prioritetuli sakiTxia. unda
gaviTvaliswinoT, rom treningebi saganmanaTleblo resurscentris wevrebmac unda
gaiaron (maT maswavlebelTa zogierT saswavlo kursSic unda miiRon monawileoba)
kvalificiurobis amaRlebis da aseve maswavlebelTa saWiroebebis Sesaxeb codnis
gaRrmavebis mizniT.
rac Seexeba axlad daarsebul saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebs, aucilebelia,
mkafiod ganisazRvros maTi TanamSromlebis fuqcia-valdebulebebi, maswavlebelTa
treningebSi maTi monawileobis wili (aseve sxva pasxusismgeblobebTan mimarTebaSi
- ix. punqti 5). am etapze, maswavleblebi Tvlian, rom saganmanaTleblo resurscentri
mxolod direqtorTan unda iyos pirdapir kavSirSi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis
saministrodan informaciis miRebis da skolebSi mimdinare procesebis kontrolis
mizniT. Tu saganmanaTleblo resurscentris personalis erT-erTi roli
maswavleblebis gadamzadebis reformis mxardaWeraa, maSin reabilitirebuli
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebi, romlebsac saganmanaTleblo masalebisaTvis
biblioTekebisaTvis gamoyofili farTi aqvT, saWiroeben ukeTesad aRWurvas
maswavleblebisaTvis gankuTvnili wyaroebiTa da wignebiT. es xels Seuwyobs
profesiuli kavSirebis ganviTarebas da urTierTobis damyarebas saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebsa da adgilobriv maswavleblebs Soris, rac ufro metia vidre
urTierToba mxolod direqtorTa doneze.
problemuri sakiTxi, romelic damatebiT kvlevas moiTxovs, aris zogierTi
maswavleblisa da mSoblis mier imis mtkiceba, rom ufrosklaselebi, romlebic
universitetSi Sesasvlelad emzadebian, mxolod universitetSi Sesasvlelad saWiro
misaRebi gamocdis testebiT mecadineoben. es sakiTxi problematuria sxva qveynebSic,
romelTagan bevrma sakiTxis gadasawyvetad universitetis misaRebi gamocdis
formulis erT-erTi Semadgenel nawilad mudmivi akademiuri moswrebis saSualo
maCvenebeli daawesa. sasurvelia, momavalSi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom
es sakiTxi ganixilos.
5.1.1.2 treningebi programa ìrmis naxtomis~ farglebSi
maswavlebelTa treningebi programa „irmis naxtomis“ swavlebis sxva

RonisZiebebisagan gansxvavebulad aris modelirebuli. aRniSnuli formati efeqturia
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom zrdasruli adamianebis treningi metad intensiuri unda
iyos kompiuteris gamoyenebis swavlebisa da am codnis sxvebisTvis gadacemisaTvis.
rogorc dRemde dadasturda, „irmis naxtomis“ programa advilad SeTvisebadia da
Sesabamisad, warmatebis meti Sansi aqvs.
kvlevis adreuli Sedegebi migvaniSnebs, rom programaSi „irmis naxtomi“
CarTul skolebSi dReisTvis mcire warmateba ukve miRweulia, yovel SemTxvevaSi es
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naTelia soflis skolebis Sedarebis magaliTze mainc. magram Sedegebis mixedviT
Tu vimsjelebT, maswavleblebis mier profesiuli miznebisaTvis kompiuterebis
gamoyenebis sakiTxi kvlavac gaumjobesebas saWiroebs. kvleva gviCvenebs, rom
programaSi „irmis naxtomi“ CarTuli skolebis maswavlebelTa treningebma ganapiroba
maswavlebelTa mier kompiuterebis moxmarebis zrda, rac gansakuTrebiT aSkaraa
qalaqis skolebSi. maswavleblebi Tavisi iniciativiT erTvebian programa „irmis
naxtomis“ treningebSi da maTi SemTxveviTi princi piT SerCeva ar xdeba, amitom
gaurkvevelia, maswavleblebis interesis gazrda kompiuterisadmi treningebis Sedegia
Tu swavlebis kursis gavla im maswavleblebma gadawyvites, romelTac kompiuterTan
muSaoba ukve icodnen da gansakuTrebiT dainteresebulni iyvnen. am SemTxvevaSi
gamodis, rom swavlebas Sedegi ar aqvs. ufro metic, maswavlebelTa umetesoba _ maT
Soris maswavleblebi, romelTac „irmis naxtomis“ mimdinare programis farglebSi
gaiares treningebi, mainc arasodes an iSviaTad iyeneben kompiuters, radgan es maTTvis
mosaxerxebeli ar aris, ar ician rogor gamoiyenon sainformacio teqnologiebi
saswavlo miznebisTvis an ubralod kompiuteris moxmarebis saSualeba ar aqvT.
kvlevam aCvena, rom maswavlebelTa umetesobis azriT, saWiroa damatebiTi
treningebi, raTa kompiuteris moxmareba ufro mosaxerxebeli gaxdes maTTvis da
iswavlon kompiuteri profesiul saqmianobaSi gamoyeneba. programa „irmis naxtomis“
farglebSi dagegmili treningebi miznad ar isaxavs maswavleblebis amJamindeli
sawyisi donis gaumjobesebas da amdenad,ver daakmayofilebs maswavlebelTa moTxovnas
Semdgomi swavlebis Sesaxeb. programis mizani damatebiT treningebTan dakavSirebiT
aris maswavlebelTa codnis donis gazrda ise, rom maT SeeZloT skolis vebgverdebis
Seqmna, wyaroebis moZieba da a.S. swavleba ar aris dagegmili kaskaduri modelis saxiT,
romelic albaT sainformacio teqnologiebis sakiTxebis CarTvas moiTxovs. amdenad,
gaurkvevelia proeqtis dasrulebis droisaTvis programis es RonisZiebebi sakmarisi
iqneba Tu ara ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis ganxorcielebisTvis, sainformacio
da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis skolebis saswavlo programebSi integraciisaTvis.
magram warmateba SedarebiT mokrZalebuli miRwevebiTac SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT.
„irmis naxtomis“ warmomadgenlebi aRniSnaven, rom momavalSi maT SeuZliaT Seqmnan
distanciuri swavlebis saSualebebi, romelic ufro xelmisawvdomi, magram naklebad
efeqturi iqneba, vidre pirdapir swavleba. SezRuduli saxsrebis gaTvaliswinebiT, es
SeiZleba saukeTeso gamosavali iyos, magram ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom
SeiZleba moisurvos xeli Seuwyos maswavleblebs,skolis doneze daiwyon kompiuteris
gamoyenebis TviTswavleba, Tu „irmis naxtomi“ SeZlebs Seqmnas saTanado distanciuri
swavlebis SesaZleblobebi.
5.1.2 axali saswavlo gegma: daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
ganxorcielebis Sualeduri etapze warmatebis kidev erT magaliTs warmoadgens

maswavlebelTa da direqtorTa zogadi kmayofileba axali saswavlo gegmis
struqturiT, iseve, rogorc axali saxelmZRvaneloebiT. kmayofileba gacilebiT didia
vidre ori wlis win, rodesac erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centrma
Caatara kvleva. maswavleblebi Tvlian, rom saSualo doneze arian momzadebulni
axali sagnebis kursis swavlebisaTvis. es Sedegi ufro metia, vidre mcire raodenoba
im maswavleblebisa, romlebmac swavleba gaiares araeqsperimentul skolebSic ki da
romlebic nel-nela iwyeben aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis saTanado gamoyenebas.
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5.1.3 mudmivi cvlilebis mxardaWeris sistema: daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
swavlebis tradiciuli meTodebis gamoyenebiT winasamsaxureobrivi treningebis

Secvla da universitetis fakultetis srul ganakveTze momuSave TanamSromlebis
CarTva neli procesia, romelic axal maswavleblebs saSualebas miscems skolaSi
muSaobis dawyebamde gaiaron treningebi axal meTodebSi,romelsac mxars uWers kanoni
ganaTlebis Sesaxeb. Tu daveTanxmebiT mosazrebas, rom saWiroa winasamsaxureobrivi
treningebis reformis tradiciuli meTodebi, mravali weli iqneba saWiro imisaTvis,
rom saTanado cvlilebebma SeaRwios am sistemaSi, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
reformebs asusteben momavali maswavleblebi, romlebic institutebSi tradiciul
meTodebs swavloben Tu ecnobian da am codniT iwyeben muSaobas skolebSi. arsebobs
alternativa _ reformebSi CarTulma pirebma ganixilon sakiTxi da gadawyviton,
rogor SeiZleba ufro swrafi progresis miRweva.
erT-erTi alternativaa winasamsaxureobrivi treningebis uzrunvelyofis naklebad
tradiciuli modelis damkvidreba, ramac SeiZleba mniSvnelovani konkurencia
gauwios Zvel modelebs. maswavleblebisaTvis kvalifikaciis asamaRlebeli kursebis
analogiurad, SesaZlebelia universitetebma specialuri swavlebisaTvis moiwvion
igive ti pis arasamTavrobo da kvalifikaciis asamaRlebeli treningebis kerZo
provaiderebi. xarisxis uzrunvelyofa kvlavac boloniis procesis moTxovnebs
unda akmayofilebdes. am sakiTxs unda akontrolebdnen pirebi, romelTac saTanado
akademiuri swavleba aqvT gavlili Teoriuli komponentebis codnis gaRrmavebis
sferoSi. magram SesaZlebelia boloniis moTxovnebis dakmayofileba ise, rom ar
davelodoT yvela swavlebagavlili piris mier swavlebis kursis gavlas mesame
safexuris doneze. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros SeuZlia sxva ganviTarebul
qveynebTan, magaliTad, balkaneTisa da baltiispireTis qveynebTan erTad ganixilos
sakiTxi, Tu rogor daaCqaros es procesi.
5.1.4 Sefaseba. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
Sefasebis meTodebis Secvlis ambiciuri gegmebi dasafasebelia da rogorc

Cans, Sefasebis sistemis Secvlas saTanado mizezebi gaaCnia. Sefasebis sistemis
axali ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis miznebis Sesaxeb jer kidev bevri ram yvelasaTvis
gasagebi ar aris da aSkaraa, rom bevr maswavlebels esaWiroeba treningebi imis
Sesaxeb, Tu rogor Seadginos da gamoiyenos Sefasebis axali sistema. bolo dros
ganxorcielebul reformaSi yuradReba am sakiTxze gaamaxviles. magram unda
gaviTvaliswinoT damatebiTi xarjebi da Zalisxmeva,romelic ufro xSir da intensiur
werilobiTi informaciiT uzrunvelyofasTan aris dakavSirebuli.
aseve gamovlinda,rom maswavleblebi,mSoblebi da direqtorebi 10-quliani Sefasebis
sistemas jer kidev kargad ver SeeCvivnen da maTTvis arc Tu ise mosaxerxebelia
axali sistemis gamoyeneba ganmaviTarebeli SefasebisaTvis. es gasagebia, radgan
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis princi pi sistemaSi sruliad axalia da am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT Catarebuli treningebi ar yofila farTomasStabiani. maswavleblebi
aRniSnaven, rom treningebi zogierT SemTxvevaSi mainc konkretulad romelime TemiT
unda Semoifarglebodes. maTi azriT, treningebis dros warmodgenili unda iyos
magaliTebi, Tu rogor SeiZleba qalaqis skolebis maRalkontigentian klasebSi
am ti pis Sefasebis gamoyeneba. problema is aris, rom maswavleblebma, saTanado
treningis ararsebobis gamo, SesaZloa qulebis Skala SezRudon da tradiciuli
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stiliT gamoiyenon, riTac Seamcireben am sistemis, rogorc ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis
saSualebis Rirebulebas.
Sefasebis kuTxiT erT-erTi mTavari struqturuli sakiTxia - unda dainergos
Tu ara cvlilebebi manam, sanam ganmaviTarebel SefasebasTan da mis gamoyenebasTan
dakavSirebuli treningebi dasruldeba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sistema SeiZleba
im problemebs daubrundes, romlis dasaZlevadac axali Sefasebis sistema Seiqmna
- niSnebis inflacia da Sefasebis sistemis SemWidroveba mcire raodenobamde.
problemis Seqmnis saSiSroeba potenciurad arsebobs, ramdenadac saerTaSoriso
kvlevaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom Sefasebis sistemis momxmareblebs uWirT
gansxvaveba gaakeTon Svidis zemoT qulebs Soris.
Sefasebis jgufi aseve darwmunebulia, rom SefasebasTan dakavSirebuli saswavlo
masalebi, iseve rogorc reformis farglebSi Catarebuli sxva treningebi sakmarisi
araa aseTi rTuli reformis mxardasaWerad. Sefasebis gundis gancxadebiT igi am
da msgavs Sefasebebs SezRuduli biujetis balansis konteqstis gaTvaliswinebis
gareSe akeTebs da gadawyvets, Tu ra masalebis Sesyidvaa saWiro.
5.1.5 skolis fizikuri garemo. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
reformamdeli uyuradRebobis gamo, saqarTvelos skolebSi swavlasa da

swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT bevri materialuri problema arsebobs. ganaTlebisa
da mecnierebis saministrom, msoflio bankma da erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa
da Sefasebis centrma Zalian bevri gaakeTa Senobebis saremonto samuSaoebis
Casatareblad. Tumca, fizikuri infrastruqturis TvalsazrisiT jer kidev bevri
ram rCeba gasakeTebeli, saxuravidan dawyebuli, saTanado sakanalizacio sistemis
CaTvliT. aseve mosawesrigebelia wylis sistema, sanitaruli kvanZebi da saabazano
mowyobilobebi. eleqtroenergiis mowodebis stabilurobis TvalsazrisiT
mdgomareoba garkveulwilad gaumjobesda, magram didi skolebis TiTqmis naxevarSi
ar momxdara saklaso oTaxebSi ganaTebis regulireba. infrastruqturis aRniSnuli
problemebis mosagvareblad, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saminitro ver daeyrdnoba
mxolod mudmiv spontanur konsolidaciasa Tu sagangebo situaciaSi msoflio bankis
mier ramdenime ZiriTadi skolis SekeTebas. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro
axorcielebs dagegmili reabilitaciis progamas sagangebo mdgomareobaSi myofi
sxva 1000 skolisaTvis.
araerT qveyanaSi biblioTekebi skolebSi saswavlo programebis birTvs
warmoadgens. skolebis did raodenobas aqvs biblioTeka an specialurad gamoyofili
oTaxi, romelic moswavleebisaTvis saWiro resursebiT aris aRWurvili, Tumca
SedarebiT patara skolebSi bibioTekisaTvis gamoyofili oTaxebi Zalian patara an
arasaTanadod mowyobilia da ar hgavs namdvili biblioTekas. bevri maswavlebeli
miiCnevs, rom biblioTekis resursebi ar aris maRali xarisxis. maTi umetesoba
saskolo biblioTekebis programas ufro maRal Sefasebas aZlevs. rekomendirebulia
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros, msoflio bankisa da erovnuli saswavlo
gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mier biblioTekebis daarsebisa da gaumjobesebis
gagrZeleba, ramdenadac biblioTeka yvela skolaSi is adgilia, sadac moswavleebs
SeuZliaT imecadinon da moiZion sxvadasxva wyaro. skolebSi, sadac didi farTi
arsebobs,unda gaiTvaliswinon damatebiTi didi saklaso oTaxis mowyoba biblioTekis
saxiT. xolo skolebSi, sadac farTi SezRudulia, SeiZleba moewyos Tanamgzavruli
biblioTekebi an mcire saswavlo centrebi, romelic SeiZleba saerTo iyos ramdenime
axlomdebare skolisaTvis. saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebsa da ganaTlebisa da
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mecnierebis saministros SeuZlia konsultaciisaTvis daiqiravos regionaluri an
saerTaSoriso konsulntantebi, romlebic rekomendaciebs SeimuSaveben aRniSnuli
sakiTxis Sesaxeb. SeiZleba ufrosklaselebs daevaloT saswavlo centrebis an
biblioTekis kontroli,rac xarjebs Seamcirebs (Tu am funqciis maswavleblebisaTvis
dakisreba SeuZlebelia) da aseve xels Seuwyobs swavlaze pasuxismgeblobis gazrdas
_ es ki qveynis umTavresi mizania. biblioTekaSi sakmarisi farTi unda iyos, raTa
moswavleebma individualurad an mcire jgufebad SeZlon muSaoba proeqtebze,
an ubralod gamoiyenon is sakiTxav darbazad. unda gaviTvaliswinoT aseve didi
kompiuteruli laboratorebis kombinireba biblioTekebTan, rac uzurnvelyofs
kompiuterebis gamoyenebas prioritetis mixedviT da moswavleTa mier mis, rogorc
inteleqtualuri kvlevis saSualebis aRqmas. Tavad skolebs SeuZliaT mSoblebis,
sazogadoebis wevrebis da sxvadasxva kompaniisagan masalebis saxiT miiRon
Semowiruloba biblioTekebisaTvis da zogadad damatebiTi saskolo masalebisaTvis.
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros an erovnul centrebs SeuZliaT ganixilon
sakiTxi, Tu rogor moiZion saerTaSoriso donorebi, romlebic inglisur an sxva
enaze arsebuli masalebiT mainc daexmarebian skolebs.
biblioTekebis arsebobas aranairi sargebeli ar eqneba, Tu maswavleblebisa
da moswavleebisaTvis masalebi mudmivad xelmisawvdomi ar aris. Cveulebriv,
mraval qveyanaSi skolis administracia axali resursebis gamoyenebis SezRudviT
cdilobs daicvas isini dazianebis an dakargvisagan. amitom, maswavleblebisa da
moswavleebisaTvis masalebi yovelTvis xelmisawvdomi ar aris. ganaTlebisa da
mecnierebis saministrosa da erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris
TanamSromlebma, albaT ufro saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis saSualebiT, skolis
administracias unda ganumarton,rom biblioTekebi da biblioTekis resursebi iolad
xelmisawvdomi unda iyos, yvela maswavlebels unda hqondes biblioTekis gasaRebi an
biblioTeka mudmivad Ria unda iyos samuSao saaTebSi.
amJamad msoflio banki da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro CarTuli arian
specialuri fizikuri infrastruqturis sakiTxebSi moswavleebisaTvis axali merxebis
uzrunvelyofis mizniT. rekomendebulia am mravalwliani gegmis gagrZeleba yvela
moswavlisaTvis saTanado merxisa da avejis uzrunvelsayofad. Tumca es sakiTxi,
rac SeiZleba swrafad unda mogvardes. ilia WavWavaZis programis warmomadgenlebi
aRniSnaven,rom dainteresebuli arian saTanado standartebis mignebiTa da ganviTarebiT.
Sefasebis jgufis rekomendaciis mixediT kargi iqneboda msoflio bankis sxva ofisebTan
dakavSireba postkomunistur qveynebSi ganviTarebuli standartebis Sesaxeb informaciis
miRebis mizniT. aseve, moswavleebisaTvis saWiroa saTanado ganaTeba. rekomendirebulia
am sakiTxis mogvareba ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier saklaso oTaxebSi
saTanado saswavlo garemos Seqmnis mizniT. rac Seexeba sportul darbazebs,Seswavlili
skolebis naxevarze mets aqvs sportuli darbazisaTvis saWiro aRWurviloba, magram
maTgan TiTqmis naxevari sakmarisad ar aris aRWurvili an saTanadod ver iyenebs
arsebul aRWurvilobas. soflis skolebis naxevarze mets ar aqvs sportuli darbazi.
ramdenadac saqarTvelos umetes nawilSi amindis gamo Zalian rTulia fizikuri aRzrdis
gakveTilebis Senobis gareT Catareba, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom Semdgom
samuSaoebSi unda gaiTvaliswinos sportuli darbazebis saremonto samuSaoebi yvela
skolisaTvis, rac moswavleebs mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi miscems fizikuri varjiSis
saSualebas. garda amisa, maRalmTian regionebSi aRiniSneba daswrebis problema, rac
amindiT an satransporto saSualebebis ararsebobiT aris gamowveuli. am sakiTxis
Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT qvemoT visaubrebT.
sporti saswavlo gegmebis erT-erTi damatebiTi aqtivobaa, romelic xels uwyobs
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moswavleebSi gunduri muSaobisa da aqtiuri swavlebis princi pis ganviTarebas.
dakvirvebam gviCvena,rom skolebis mxolod naxevari sTavazobs moswavleebs saswavlo
programebis garda damatebiT aqtivobebs sportis saxiT. sportuli aqtivobebi ufro
metad qalaqis skolebSia gavrcelebuli, magram aq aqtivobaSi monawileoba fasiania,
rac gamoricxavs zogierTi moswavlis monawileobas usaxsrobis gamo. ganaTlebisa
da mecnierebis saministrom xeli unda Seuwyos saskolo sabWoebis mier sxvadasxva
klasgareSe saqmianobis gafarTovebas, rac gundur muSaobas da aqtiur swavlas ufro
intensiurs gaxdis. klasgareSe aqtivoba moicavs saerTaSoriso literaturas, rac
moswavleebisaTvis saukeTeso da wamaxalisebeli saSualebaa swavlisa Tu RonisZiebebs
SemoqmedebiTad Camoayalibebisa da xelmZRvanelobisaTvis, romelsac afinanseben
maswavleblebi an mSoblebi da romelic did xarjebTan ar aris dakavSirebuli.
zogierT skolaSi, gansakuTrebiT qalaqis skolebSi, moswavleebisaTvis klasgareSe
aqtivobebi savaldebuloa da igi moicavs sxvadasxva RonisZiebas, Tumca, amave dros
axdens finansurad gaWirvebuli moswavleebis diskriminacias. klasgareSe aqtivobebi
SeZlebisdagvarad ufaso unda iyos moswavleebisaTvis, an SezRuduli finansuri
resursebis mqone moswavleebs unda daeniSnoT sti pendiebi.
kidev erTi, klasgareSe aqtivobasTan dakavSirebuli problemuri sakiTxia
moswavleebis kerZo mecadineoba. kerZo mecadineobis praqtika sagrZnoblad Semcirda
wina wlebTan SedarebiT. es aris praqtika, romelic arsebiTad bariers qmnis
finansurad gaWirvebuli moswavleebisaTvis da romelmac SeiZleba ganapirobos
interesTa konfliqti (Tu maswavlebeli sakuTari klasis moswavles kerZod
amecadinebs). kerZo mecadineobaze daxarjuli saSualo wliuri xarjebi, regionis
mixedviT meryeobs 250-dan 1000 laramde. es ki swavlis Tanabari SesaZleblobebs
uzRudavs finansurad gaWirvebuli ojaxebis bavSvebs, radganac ganaTlebis xarisxi
ufaso skolebSi sakmarisi araa. kerZo mecadineobis praqtika maswavleblebisaTvis
Semosavlis potenciuri wyaroa, magram rogorc sertifikaciis procesis
nawili, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom unda SeimuSaos struqturuli
damabrkolebeli meqanizmebi, romelic maswavleblebs sakuTari moswavleebis kerZo
mecadineobis stimuls Seumcirebs. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom aseve
unda gaiTvaliswinos iseTi saTanado struqturuli sifrTxilis zomebis moTxovna,
rogoric aris pedagogTa koleqtivis kontroli licenzirebis, dawesebuli Tanxisa
da momsaxurebis pirobebis standartizebis gziT.
rac Seexeba axal saxelmZRvaneloebs,moswvleebisaTvis axali saxelmZRvaneloebis
Seqmnisa da miwodebis araCveulebrivma da didma Zalisxmevam nayofi gamoiRo. amJamad
maswavleblebi ufro dadebiTad afaseben axali saxelmZRvaneloebis xarisxs, vidre
wina kvlevis dros. aseve irkveva,rom maswavleblebi iyeneben axal saxelmZRvaneloebs.
moswavleebi da maswavleblebi axal saxelmZRvaneloebs moiTxoven ufro efeqturad
swavlis SesaZleblobis Seqmnis mizniT. maswavleblebis gancxadebiT, klasebis
daaxloebiT meoTxedSi moswavleebis mniSvnelovan raodenobas axali saxelmZRvanelo
ar aqvs an sxva moswavleTa saziarod aqvs SeZenili, rasac nawilobriv gamokvlevac
adasturebs. yvela moswavlisaTvis axali saxelmZRvanelos miwodebis mravalwliani
gegma prioritetulia da sasurveli iqneba, Tu molaparakebebis Semdeg, axali
saswavlo wlis dawyebamde ori TviT adre mimwodebli samuSao variantis saxiT
mainc moaxerxebs erT maswavlebelze sul mcire erTi egzempliaris miwodebas.
fokus-jgufebSi monawile zogierTi maswavlebeli miiCnevs, rom saxelm
ZRvaneloebSi Setanili axali masalebi Zalian rTulia maTi moswavleebis. es
mosazreba gamokiTxvis Sedegad garkveulwilad dadasturda. miuxedavad amisa,
erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris warmomadgenlis saxiT SeiZleba
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aiyvanos maswavleblebi sxvadasxva sferoSi ramdenime jgufis Sesaqmnelad, romelic
gansazRvravs ramdenad Seesabameba simarTles aRniSnuli gancxadeba. saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi sakiTxis gadaxedva, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom SesaZloa
ganixilos sakiTxi da maswavleblebi CarTos masalebis SemuSavebaSi. aqcenti gakeTdeba
gansakuTrebiT swavlebis ama Tu im etapze moswavleTa doneze. Tu bevri moswavle
aRmoCndeba swavlebis Sesabamis etapze swavlebis donis qvemoT, mawavlebels unda
CautardeT treningi, Tu rogor aswavlon aseT moswavleebs Tanabar doneze. radganac
damtkicebuli saxlemZRvaneloebi ar aris erTaderTi alternativa da Sefasebis
jgufma daadgina, rom konkurencia izrdeba, erovnuli saswavlo programebisa da
Sefasebis centrs SeuZlia Seqmnas vebgverdi, sadac maswavleblebi da direqtorebi
azrs gamoTqvamen damtkicebuli saxelmZRvaneloebis Zlieri da susti mxareebis
Sesaxeb da wvlils Seitanen Semdgom redaqtirebaSi.
rac Seexeba maswavlebelTa gzamkvlevebs, maswavleblebis azriT axali
gzamkvlevebi mniSvnelovnad uwyoben xels maswavlebelTa momzadebas axali
saswavlo programiT swavlebaSi. Tumca,maswavlebelTa daaxloebiT meoTxedi miiCnevs,
rom umjobesia hqondeT gakveTilis gegmis ufro meti magaliTi. daaxloebiT 40%
acxadebs, rom gaurkeveveli mizezebis gamo ar aqvs axali gzamkvlevi. skolebma da
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom unda uzrunvelyon swavlisa da swavlebis
gaumjobesebis mizniT moswavleTa yovel axal saxelmZRvanelosTan erTad yvela
maswavleblisaTvis saxelmZRvanelos miwodeba. maswavlebelTa saxelmZRvaneloebiT
uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes damatebiTi gamocemebis saxiT an skolam unda Seisyidos
isini maswavleblebisaTvis.
damatebiTi saswavlo masalebi kritikuli mniSvnelobisaa aqtiuri swavlebisa da
swavlisaTvis. damatebiTi masalebis sakiTxi problemuria mravali, gansakuTrebiT
ki dawyebiTi klasis maswavleblebisaTvis, romlebic aRniSnaven, rom ar aqvT
saTanado resursebi an saTanadod ar xdeba maTi uzrunvelyofa miuxedavad
biujetSi gaTvaliswinebuli gegmisa. es problema marto saqarTvelosTvis ar aris
damaxasiaTebeli da igi ganviTarebadi qveynebis umetesobaSi gvxvdeba reformis
ganxorcielebis dros. skolis sabWoebs da sagnobriv fakultetebs swavlebis
kursebis ganmavlobaSi unda miuTiTon, rom am sakiTxs prioritetuli mniSvneloba
mianiWon damatebiTi saxsrebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi. momavalSi, saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebi albaT biujetis dagegmvisas am sakiTxs direqtorebTan erTad
gadawyveten. skolis biujetis prioritetuli sakiTxebis gansazRvraSi maswavleblebic
unda CaerTon, raTa masalebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli saxsrebi sxva miznebisTvis
ar gaixarjos. saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebs SeuZliaT es princi pi gamoiyenon
sameurveo sabWoebTan muSaobis dros, ramdenadac sameurveo sabWoebis funqciaSi
Sedis kontrolis ganxorcieleba skolaze. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom
da saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebma SeiZleba aseve sxva qveynebis magaliTze
gaafarTovon is samuSao, romelsac “maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
centri” arsebuli resursebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb atarebda treningebis farglebSi.
postkomunisturi qveynebis umetesobas ar surs afrikasa da aziaSi Seqmnili
resursebis magaliTis gamoyeneba, magram am RonisZiebebis kreatiuloba da zogjer
TavisTavad Seqmnili resursebi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT modelis saxiT.
aSS-is saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID) ganviTarebis gamocdilebis
sainformacio centris vebgverdi aseTi resursebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofis
erT-erTi saSualebaa.
saskolo reformebs Soris programa „irmis naxtomi“ erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
warmatebaa. skolebis kompiuteriTa da internetiT uzrunvelyofa umetes qveynebSi
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garantirebuli ar aris da arc Tanabarzomierad xorcieldeba. skolebSi programa
„irmis naxtomis“ ganxorcielebis Sedegad gaizarda koeficienti - moswavle/kompiuteri,
kompiuteris xarisxi, internetis moxmarebis done da kompiuteris xelmisawvdomoba
moswavleebisaTvis gakveTilebis dros da mis Semdeg. miuxedavad amisa, kompiuterisa
da internetis xelmisawvdomoba bevr skolaSi kvlavac SezRudulia. am mxriv qalaqis
skolebSi maCvenebeli ufro maRalia,vidre soflis skolebSi. gansakuTrebiT dabali
maCvenebelia skolebSi, romlebic jer ar arian CarTuli programa „irmis naxtomSi“.
maRalkontigentiani skolebi da qalaqis skolebi ufro metad uzrunvelyofen
moswavleebs kompiuterebiT gakveTilebis Semdeg, rac klasgareSe aqtivobis saxiT
xdeba. Tumca, kompiuteris gamoyenebis saSualo maCvenebeli erT moswavleze dReSi
or saaTs jer kidev ar aRemateba. maswavleblebisaTvis kompiuteris xelmisawvdomoba
kvlavac SezRudulia, magram maCvenebeli ufro maRalia „irmis naxtomis“
programaSi CarTuli skolebisaTvis. moswavleebisaTvis kompiuterebis nakleboba,
internetis ararseboba an dabali siCqare - kidev erTi dabrkolebaa imisaTvis, rom
maswavleblebma kompiuteri swavlebisas gamoiyenon. erT-erTi potenciuri problema
ki is gaxlavT, rom amJamad mxolod ramdenime soflis skolas aqvs sakmarisi
biujeti kompiuterebis teqnikuri momsaxurebisaTvis, Tumca SeiZleba es Seicvalos
programa „irmis naxtomis“ farglebSi kompiuterizaciis Semdgomi gavrcelebis
Sedegad. gegmis mixedviT, kompiuterebis da internetkavSiris uzrunvelyofam yvela
skolisaTvis prioritetuli sakiTxis statusi unda SeinarCunos. moswavleebis
mier kompiuterebis ufro farTod gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT erT-erTi midgomis
Tanaxmad unda moewyos treningebi, romlis farglebSic moswavleTa mcire jgufebi
miiReben kompiuterze Sesasrulebel davalebebs. unda daevaloT aseve informaciis
moZieba, garda amisa, unda moxdes aqtiuri swavlebis sxva midgomebis gamoyenebac.
skolebis naxevarze meti kvlavac aqcents akeTebs informatikis gakveTilebze, sadac
iswavleba programirebis ZiriTadi unar-Cvevebi (informatika an beWdva klaviaturis
gamoyenebiT) da ara kursebze, romelTa farglebSic yuradRebas gaamaxvilebdnen
axal meTodebze. am midgomis Secvla ganixileba rogorc „irmis naxtomis“ momavali
gegmebis erT-erTi elementi da potenciuri proeqti maswavleblebisaTvis, romelTac
ufro gaumjobesebuli, internetteqnologiis treningi aqvT gavlili.
maswavleblebi, romelTac programa „irmis naxtomis“ farglebSi gavlili aqvT
treningi, ufro moxerxebulad grZnoben Tavs kompiuterTan, ufro xSirad iyeneben
mas da skolis sainformacio teqnologiebis menejerebisganac ufro xSirad iReben
daxmarebas; Tumca swavlebagavlil maswavlebelTa umetesoba mainc aRniSnavs,
rom esaWiroeba damatebiTi treningi. kompiuterebis arsebobis miuxedavad, „irmis
naxtomis“ saswavlo programis SezRudulobis gamo da iqidan gamomdinare, rom igi
gaTvlilia mxolod teqnikuri unar-Cvevebis dabali donis mqone maswavleblebze,
Zalian bevrma maswavlebelma _ maTac ki, visac gavlili aqvs treningi programa
„irmis naxtomis“ farglebSi _ kargad ar ician, rogor gamoiyenon teqnologia sagnis
swavlebisaTvis an Tavdajerebulni ar arian sainformacio teqnologiebis sakuTar
codnaSi. skolebis TiTqmis naxevarSi maswavleblebi sainformacio teqnologiebis
menejerisgan mniSvnelovan daxmarebas ver iReben.
skolebi,romlebic kompiuteris moxmarebaze gadavidnen,miiCneven,rom kompiuterebis
gamoyenebisTvis umniSvnelovanesia ori saxis daxmareba:
1. sainformacio teqnologiebis menejeris mier saqmis saTanado codna –
kompiuterebTan muSaobisas xSiria dabrkolebebi, romlis gadaWra Zalian advilad
SeuZlia sainformacio teqnologiebis menejers.
2. kompiuteris teqnikuri momsaxurebisaTvis Sesabamisi biujeti _ kompiuterebis
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efeqturi funqcionirebisaTvis saWiroa kompiuteruli programebi, teqnikuri
aRWurviloba da a.S. es problema yvela skolisaTvis aqtualuria (soflis skolebSi
acxadeben, rom maT kompiuterebis teqnikuri momsaxurebisaTvis saTanado biujeti ar
gaaCniT).
damatebiT dagegmili kvalifikaciis asamaRlebeli saswavlo kursebi programa
„irmis naxtomis“ farglebSi, romelic maswavleblebis SezRudul raodenobazea
gaTvlili,savaraudod ver daakmayofilebs arsebul moTxovnilebas. rogorc Sefasebis
jgufisTvis gaxda cnobili, „irmis naxtomis“ mimdinare ciklis dasrulebis Semdeg
ganixileba naklebad ZviradRirebuli, savaraudod naklebad efeqturi distanciuri
swavlebis meTodebis sakiTxi. Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba skolis personals am periodis
ganmavlobaSi saSualeba miecema programa „irmis naxtomis“ daxmarebiT miiRos rCeva,
moawyos kvalifikaciis asamaRlebeli sakuTari seminarebi kompiuterul unar-
CvevebSi. seminarebze maswavleblebi gaecnobian distanciuri swavlis variantebs.
maswavleblebma aseve unda icodnen, rogor daexmaron erTmaneTs im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu sainformacio teqnologiebis specialisti ar hyavT. es maTTvis kompiuterTan
muSaobas ufro mosaxerxebels gaxdis.
5.2 marTva da finansebi. zogadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi

ramdenadac marTvasa da finansebTan dakavSirebuli reformatoruli iniciativebi
sul axlaxans ganxorcielda, mosalodneli iyo, rom zogierTi reformatoruli
RonisZiebis sruli efeqti Sefasebis jgufisaTvis jer TvalsaCino ar iqneboda.
rogorc Sefasebis jgufis mier Catarebulma raodenobrivma da Tvisobrivma analizma
aCvena, marTvisa da finansebis reformis zogierTi Sedegi ukve aSkara gaumjobesebaze
miuTiTebs. miRwevebis done sxvadasxva skolaSi sxvadasxvaa. zogierT SemTxvevaSi
reformis gavlena saerTod ar Cans da mravali problema kvlavac gadauWreli rCeba.
midgomasa da SesaZleblobebTan dakavSirebiT gamovlenili progresi da

miRwevebia:
• dainteresebuli mxareebis Ria damokidebuleba skolis avtonomiis mimarT;
• direqtorebisa da maswavleblebis dadebiTi damokidebuleba direqtoris
arCevnebisadmi;
• yvela skolaSi sameurveo sabWos warmatebuli daarseba formaluri saxiT;
• zogierT skolaSi sameurveo sabWos aSkara aqtiuroba da skolis saqmianobaSi
CarTva;
• mSoblebis ufro metad CarTva skolis saqmianobaSi;
• zogierT skolaSi gankuTvnili saskolo biujetis marTvis SesaZlebloba;
• direqtorebisa da maswavleblebis dadebiTi damokidebuleba saganmanaTleblo
resurscentrebisadmi da saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis xelmZRvanelTa da
TanamSromelTa seriozuli motivacia;
finansur da resursebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT progresi da miRwevebi:

• vauCeruli dafinansebis sistemis mniSvnelovani dadebiTi gavlena soflisa
da maRalmTiani regionebis skolebis finansur mdgomareobaze;
• maRalkontigentiani da saSualo zomis skolebis finansuri mdgomareobis
zomieri gaumjobeseba;
• vauCeruli dafinansebis efeqturi moqmedeba drouli anazRaurebiT;
• maswavleblebis xelfasebis samarTliani ganawileba;
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• konsolidirebul skolebSi moswavle/administraciuli TanamSromelis
koeficientis gaumjobeseba;
• skolebis movlisaTvis saWiro resursebis gamoyofis gaumjobesebis
dawyeba;
• skolis sabWoSi mravali moqalaqis monawileobis Sedegad qarTul
sazogadoebaSi demokratiuli monawileobis gaazreba;
SesaZleblobsa da informaciasTan dakavSirebiT gamovlenili mTavari

problemebi:
• arCeuli direqtorebisa da administraciuli TanamSromlebis intensiuri
swavlebis kritikuli saWiroeba;
• sameurveo sabWos wevrebisaTvis swavlebis SesaZleblobebis ukmarisoba;
• skolis administratorebisa da sameurveo sabWos wevrebis arasaTanado
informirebuloba funqciebisa da uflebamosilebebis gadanawilebis Sesaxeb;
• zogierT skolaSi sameurveo sabWos naklebi aqtiuroba, gansakuTrebiT ki
soflis skolebSi;
• zogierT skolaSi informaciis gaziarebis dabali done da gadawyvetilebis
miReba arademokratiuli princi piT;
• direqtorebis arCevnebis sistemis uaryofiT SedegebTan dakavSirebiuli
problemebi;
• saganmanaTleblo resurscentris TanamSromlebis treningebis simcire;
• saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis funqciisa da pasuxismgeblobis bundovani
gansazRvra;
• optimizaciis miznebi da kriteriumebi Semdgom axsna-ganmartebebs
saWiroebs;
resursebsa da finansebTan dakavSirebiT gamovlenili mTavari problemebi:
• arasakmarisi SromiTi, fizikuri da finansuri resursebi saganmanaTleblo

resurscentrebSi;
• mkacrad SezRuduli finansuri mdgomareoba patara skolebSi, gansakuTrebiT
ki im skolebSi, romlebic mcire saskolo subsidiebs iReben;
• gare dafinansebis wyaroebis moZiebis SesaZleblobis gamouyenebloba,
gansakuTrebiT soflisa da maRalmTiani regionis skolebSi;
• maswavleblebis xelfasebis gaumjobesebuli, magram jerac arasaxarbielo
done;
• konsolidaciis wyalobiT swavlebis resursebis marTvis mcire
gaumjobeseba;
• optimizaciis Sedegad miRebuli didi moculobis klasebis potenciurad
uaryofiTi gavlena moswavleebis akademiur aqtivobaze;
• moswavleebis daswrebis problema transportirebis sirTulis gamo, rac
ufro mwvaved igrZnoba optimizirebul skolebSi;
dakvirvebam aCvena, rom skolebi srulad ar iyeneben gare dafinansebis wyaroebis

moZiebis SesaZleblobebs. gare dafinansebis wyaroebis saSualebiT maT SeuZliaT
miiRon damatebiTi Semosavali, romelsac saswavlo garemos gasaumjobeseblad
gamoiyeneben. amdenad, Zalian kargi iqneba Tu skolis direqtorebs, administraciul
TanamSromlebsa da sameurveo sabWoebs ecodinebaT dafinansebis mopovebis saSualebebi,
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proeqtebis wera, kontroli da Sefaseba. SeiZleba skolebisaTvis sasargeblo iyos
TanamSromloba da erTmaneTisaTvis gamocdilebis gaziareba am da sxva sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebiT. SesaZlebelia saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebma skolebTan erTad
imuSaon oficialuri regionaluri qselis dasaarseblad, romlis saSualebiTac
erTmaneTs gauziareben ama Tu im warmatebul praqtikas da gamoyenebul meTodebs.
regionaluri modelebis roli SeiZleba saukeTesod moqmedma skolebmac Seasrulon
damatebiTi daxmarebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.
skolebis winaSe momaval saskolo akreditaciasTan dakavSirebiT 2009 - 2011
wlisaTvis ara erTi problema dadgeba. dRemde damoukidebeli mmarTveli organoebi
jer kidev sakmaod sustia da arsebobs intensiuri da specifikuri treningebis
aucilebloba. treiningebi kargad dagegmili da momzadebuli strategiis safuZvelze
unda Catardes, raTa skolis akreditaciis procedurebis moTxovnebi daakmayofilos.
es saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis funqcionirebis kidev erTi sferoa. savaraudod
2008-2009 wels ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom calke gamokvleva unda
Caataros da daadginos akreditaciisaTvis dadgenili vadebi realisturia Tu ara
aRniSnuli sisusteebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
vauCeruli dafinansebis sistema sakmaod moqnili da efeqturi aRmoCnda umetes
SemTxvevaSi. kvlevam daadastura, rom aRniSnuli sistemis wyalobiT ara erTi skolis
finansuri mdgomareoba gaumjobesda da geografiuli mdebareobis mixedviT skolebis
done SedarebiT miuaxlovda erTmaneTs. magram skolebis moculobis TvalsazrisiT,
vauCeruli dafinansebis sistemam naklebad dadebiTi gavlena iqonia mcire zomis
skolebze, xolo skolebze, romlebic mcire saskolo subsidiebs iRebs, gavlena
kidev ufro SezRuduli iyo. aRniSnul skolebs TiTqmis ar aqvs SesaZlebloba,
rom maswavleblebis xelfasebis garda sxva damatebiTi xarjebi gaiRos sakuTari
biujetidan, im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac maT mcire saskolo subsidiebs sTavazoben.
am problemis gadaWris erT-erTi gza da mcirekontigentiani skolebis xarisxis
gaumjobesebis erT-erTi saSualeba SeiZleba iyos im elementis gaTvaliswineba,
romelic mcirekontigentiani skolebisaTvis vauCeruli dafinansebis gamoTvlis
erT-erTi kriteriumia. mcirekontigentiani skolebis finansuri sirTuleebis
ganmapirobebeli damatebiTi ZiriTadi faqtorebis dasadgenad SeiZleba saWiro iyos
damatebiTi kvleva,rac xels Seuwyobs vauCeruli dafinansebis raodenobis gamoTvlis
kriteriumis SemuSavebas. vauCeruli dafinansebis formula aseve unda gaumjobesdes
gansakuTrebuli problemebis mqone bavSvebisaTvis dafinansebis gansxvavebuli donis
dawesebis mizniT, ramdenadac aseTi bavSvebis ganaTleba ufro did xarjebTan aris
dakavSirebuli. am gziT obieqturoba SeiZleba ukeTesad iyos uzrunvelyofili.
arsebobs faqtebi, roca skolis konsolidaciam uaryofiTi gavlena moaxdina
moswavleebis daswrebaze transportirebis problemebis gamo da aseve moswavleebis
akademiur moswrebaze, klasebis sididis zrdis gamo. skolis konsolidaciis
sasargeblo da sawinaaRmdego argumentebSi aqcenti keTdeba ZiriTadad skolebis
finansur da fizikur SesaZleblobebze,aseve maTi marTvis efeqtianobaze. ganaTlebisa
da mecnierebis saministrom unda ganixilos es sakiTxi da didi yuradReba miaqcios
moswavleTa registraciisa da swavlis sakiTxebs. konsolidirebul skolebSi,
romelTac saskolo avtobusebi emsaxurebaT,daswreba naklebad problemuria. amdenad,
kargi iqneba Tu prioritets mivaniWebT konsolidirebuli skolebis (romelTac jer
ar miuRiaT avtobusebi) uzrunvelyofas avtobusebiT. garda amisa, didi da saSualo
skolebis erT skolad gaerTianebis sakiTxi didi yuradRebiT unda SeviswavloT,
raTa Tavidan aviciloT zedmetad didi klasebis Seqmna da uaryofiTi gavlena
moswavleebis akademiur aqtivobaze. zedmetad didi zomis skolebi saerTaSoriso
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problemaa moswavleebis, personalis da administraciis gazrdili raodenobis
ukuefeqtis gamo. erT-erTi aseTi ukuefeqtia skolis sididis matebasTan erTad
individualurobis kleba, swavlis mitovebis SemTxvevebis maCveneblis mateba,12
gazrdili xarjebi da bevri sxva uaryofiTi Sedegi, romelic sazogadoebrivi
kontrolis Semcirebas moyveba.
amrigad, arsebul maRalkontigentian skolebSi skolis zomis Semcirebisadmi erT-
erTi princi pis mixedviT unda moxdes decentralizacia „skola - skolaSi“, romelsac
aseve mcire saswavlo sazogadeobasac uwodeben. am modelis Tanaxmad, rogorc
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebisa da zogierTi sxva qveynis magaliTma gviCvena, skolis
saswavlo sazogadoebas (SLC) unda marTavdes direqtoris TanaSemwis, moswavleTa
damxmare personalis, magaliTad konsultantisa da fsiqologis, da administraciuli
TanamSromlebisagan Semdgari administraciuli jgufi. direqtori ki mTlian skolas,
zogad sferoebs, usafrTxoebisa da saerTo sakiTxebs unda aregulirebdes. yoveli
saskolo saswavlo sazogadoeba,Cveulebriv,avtonomiuri erTeulia,romelic sakuTar
programas, personals, moswavleebsa da biujets uwevs organizebas. xSir SemTxvevaSi,
saskolo saswavlo sazogadoebis direqtori angariSvaldebulia pirdapir
saministros winaSe. es meqanizmi SeiZleba modelis saxiT gamoviyenoT imisaTvis,
rom nela ganviTarebadi personali jgufuri muSaobis princi piT amoqmeddes, rac
swavlebis efeqturobas uzrunvelyofs.13 zogierT TvalsaCinoebaSi moswavleTa gundi
ubralod erTad aris dajgufebuli maSin, rodesac administraciuli nawili did
skolebSi rCeba. mcire skolebis upiratesoba yvelaze kargad Cans im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
saskolo saswavlo sazogadoeba qmnis sakuTar identobasa da kulturas.14
rac Seexeba konsolidaciis sakiTxs saqarTveloSi,erT-erTi princi pi SeiZleba iyos
kriteriumis dadgena konsolidaciisaTvis, romlis mixedviTac gadawydeba skolas
fiqsirebuli raodenobis moswavleebi unda hyavdes maswavleblebis koeficientis
mixedviT, Tu erT administraciul erTeulSi (Tu skolebis fizikuri konsolidacia
xorcieldeba „skola-skolaSi“ princi pis gareSe, maSin es iqneba administraciuli
erTeuli). am zRvars zemoT unda moxdes konsolidaciis sakiTxis ganxilva skolis
samoqmedo gegmis gansazRvris mizniT, raTa Tavidan aviciloT is uaryofiTi Sedegebi,
rac moswavleebis akademiur aqtivobaze aisaxeba. skolebma, romlebic erTiandebian
swavlis xarisxis SenarCunebis mizniT, SeuZliaT warmoadginon gaerTianebis Sida
gegma, wamoayenon winadadebebi mini-skolebis, saswavlo sazogadoebebis, danawevrebis,
wesdebebis, an „skola-skolaSi“ princi pis Sesaxeb. saerTaSoriso literaturis
mixedviT, erT administraciul erTeulze mTeli sididis dadgena SeiZleba sruliad
Sesabamisi kriteriumi iyos.
dainteresebul mxareTa umravlesobis mosazrebiT,gansxvavebuli pozicia,romelic
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebs uWiravT teqnikuri daxmarebis da ara marTvis
TvalsazrisiT, Zalian mosaxerxebeli da marTebulia informaciisa da momsaxurebis
uzrunvelyofis mizniT. TiTqmis yvela saxis informacia, momsaxureba da treningebi,
romelic skolebisaTvis xorcieldeba an igegmeba, saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis
12 amerikis saSualo zomis skolaSi, sadac 2000 moswavle swavlobs, swavlis mitovebis done orjer ufro metia, vidre
skolaSi, sadac 600 moswavle swavlobs.
13 ufro mcire zomis skolebis miRwevebis Sesaxeb da konkretulad am midgomis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiTi informaciisaTvis ix. magaliTad, “diuisi” (1999),
“modeli skola -skolaSi”, sainformacio saganmanaTleblo centris krebuli. http://www.ericdigests.org/2000-4/school.htm (08 - 3007). sxva mraval konkretul wyaroTa
Soris aris: jorji da lonsberi, (2000), “rogor unda igrZnon didma skolebma Tavi patara skolebad”; da frenCi, atkinsoni da rugeni (2007) “mcire zomis
skolebis Seqmna: saxelmZRvanelo Tanasworobisa da miRwevebisaTvis”.
14 rogorc “diuisis” mimoxilvaSia aRniSnuli (igive) “warmatebisaTvis yvelaze kritikuli faqtoria programis srulad
ganxorcieleba, administraciuli dayofa qve-skolebad da calke erTeulebis Seqmna (makabi da oqsli, 1989; makmulani, sai pi da vulfi,
1994; raividi, 1996b, citirebuli “diuisiSi”).

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pasuxismgeblobaa pirdapiri teqnikuri koordinaciis TvalsazirisiT. dagegmili
momsaxureba moicavs movaleobebis farTo speqtrs, rogoric aris informaciis
miwodeba skolebisaTvis, monacemebis Segroveba da ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio
sistemebis centrisTvis maTi miwodeba, saskolo grantis monitoringi, skolebis,
maswavleblebis, direqtorebisa da sameurveo sabWoebis regionaluri da erovnuli
qselebis daxmareba, skolis administraciul da sabuRaltro saqmeebSi daxmareba,
direqtoris arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT sameurveo sabWos wevrebisaTvis treningebis
Catareba, direqtorebis swavlebisa da maswavleblebis profesiuli ganviTarebis
swavlebis organizeba, reagireba specialur moTxovnebze.
saganmanaTleblo resurscentris xelmZRvanelebTan fokus-jgufebis ganxilvebSi
da kvlevis ZiriTadi informatorebisgan, aseve cxadi gaxda,rom miuxedavad ganaxlebis
mizniT ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebisa, saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebi SromiTi,
fizikuri da finansuri resursebis mwvave deficits ganicdian. amdenad, saWiroa
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis da misi TanamSromlebis SesaZleblobebis gazrda,
rogorc es xSirad aRiniSneba fokus-jgufis ganxilvebSi. sakmarisi yuradReba unda
mieqces sakomunikacio teqnologiebis da satransporto saSualebebis naklebobas
an ararsebobas, rac mniSvnelovnad aferxebs saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis
kvalificiur muSaobas. garda amisa aRmoCnda, rom dainteresebul mxareTa did
nawils imedi aqvs, rom saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebi Zalian bevri movaleobis
Sesrulebas SeZleben maTi moculobisa da resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT. unda
gatardes RonisZiebebi imisaTvis, rom mkafiod gamoikveTos prioritetebi sxvadasxva
movaleobasa da pasuxismgeblobas Soris, romelic saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebs
akisriaT. gaTvaliswinebul unda iyos saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis personalis
gafarTovebis SesaZlebloba gazrdil moTxovnebTan SesabamisobaSi. garda amisa,
yvela dainteresebuli mxarisaTvis naTeli unda iyos ra pasuxismgeblobebi ekisreba
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrs.
saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebisaTvis sabiujeto avtonomiisa da moqnilobis
miniWeba SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos maTi efeqtiani finansuri marTvisTvis. skolis
decentralizebuli da damoukidebeli marTvis modeli SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos
aseve saganmanaTleblo resurscentrisaTvis. maT SeuZliaT skolebTan kavSiris ufro
aqtiuri modelebi gamoiyenon. ofisebSi direqtorebTan Sexvedrebis organizebis
nacvlad saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebma unda moawyos skolebis daTvaliereba da
regionaluri Sexvedrebi maswavleblebTan, direqtorebTan da sameurveo sabWoebTan.
am gziT uzrunvelyofili iqneba realuri SesaZleblobis farglebSi centrebsa da
ara marto direqtorebs, aramed maswavlebelTa Soris komunikacia.
5.2.1 marTva da finansebi. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi sameurveo

sabWosa da direqtorebis treningebis Sesaxeb
Sefasebis Sedegad dadginda, rom aSkaraa intensiuri satreningo kursebis

aucilebloba mTavari dainteresebuli mxareebisaTvis _ direqtorebisa da
skolis administratorebisaTvis, sameurveo sabWos wevrebisaTvis, saganmanaTleblo
resurscentris TanamSromlebisaTvis, rac reformis pirvel etapze ganxorcilebuli
axali institucionaluri meqanizmis efeqtur funqcionirebas ganapirobebs. mokle
periodSi dainteresebulma mxareebma ramdenjerme gausves xazi, rom saWiroa
skolis administraciisa da sameurveo sabWos dauyovneblivi momzadeba skolis
marTvaSi maTi rolisa da uflebamosilebis, aseve saskolo procedurebis
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gasacnobiereblad. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom skolebis mier gadawyvetilebis
miRebis struqtura mudmivad gamoiwvevs momavali arCevnebis Sedegad TanamSromelTa
gadaadgilebas, mniSvnelovania xangrZlivi institucionaluri meqanizmis daweseba
sruli da xangrZlivi winasamsaxureobrivi da Sidasamsaxureobrivi treningebis
uzrunvelsayofad sameurveo sabWos wevrebis da direqtorebis, maT Soris
direqtorobis kandidatebisaTvis. winamdebare qvepunqtSi ganxilurlia swored es
da masTan dakavSirebuli sxva sakiTxebi.
gamokvlevis Sedegebis da skolis sabWoebis Sesaxeb arsebuli saerTaSoriso
literaturis mixedviT aSkaraa, rom saqarTvelos respublikis axladSeqmnil
daaxloebiT 2300 skolis sabWos esaWiroeba sakuTari funqciebis ganviTareba. nebismier
axal, gansakuTrebiT ki iseT kompleqsur organizacias, rogoric adgilobrivi
skolis sabWoa, esaWiroeba treiningi da sakuTari misiis, miznebis, politikisa da
procedurebis gaazreba saqmianobis efeqturad da yairaTianad SesrulebisaTvis,
aseve dabneulobisa da zedmeti konfliqtebis Tavidan asacileblad.
amrigad, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom am SedarebiT rTuli amocanas
Tavi rom gaarTvas, unda ganixilos sakiTxi _ rogor ganviTarda sxva qveynebSi
skolis sabWos sistemebisa da skolis sabWos organizaciebis modelebi. magaliTad,
bolo xanebSi makedoniaSi amoqmedda kanoni, romlis mixedviTac moxda yvela
skolis decentralizacia erT olqSi, ramac cxrawevriani skolis sabWoebis Seqmna
ganapiroba. maleve gairkva, rom saWiro iyo direqtorebisaTvis Caatrebuliyo
saswavlo kursi ara mxolod sabWos wevrebis rolis, aramed sabWos politikisa
da procedurebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, aseve direqtorebis, skolebis misiisa da
moqmedebis Tanmimdevrobis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. asociaciam aseve Seqmna berketi
saministrosTan da sxva dainteresebul mxareTa jgufebTan ufro efeqturi
muSaobisTvis. kvalifikaciis asamaRlebeli da saganmanaTleblo programebis
dagegmili meTodi dazustebuli ar iyo, magram gadawyvetili iyo, rom arasamTavrobo
organizaciebi mas Caatarebdnen axali asociaciis gadawyvetilebebis mixedviT.
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi (aSS-Si Sesabamisi modeli Statebis donezea) mravali skolis
sabWom Seqmna saxelmZRvaneloebi procedurebis Sesaxeb. es saxelZRvaneloebi
kvalifikaciis asamaRlebeli xangrZlivi kursebisaTvis SegviZlia modelad
gamoviyenoT. SesaZlebelia gaerTianebuli samefos magaliTis gamoyeneba skolis
sabWoebis treningebTan dakavSirebiT imdenad, ramdenadac am qveyanaSi sameurveo
sabWoebis swavlebis mravalwliani praqtika arsebobs. garda swavlebis tradiciuli
didaqtikuri meTodebisa, arsebobs skolis sabWoebis daxmarebis sxva meTodebic.
es meTodebi emyareba aqtiuri swavlebis princi pebs, rasac upiratesobas
aniWebs saministro. magaliTad, aSS-s alabamas skolaSi, sabWos asociaciam
daiqirava konsultanti, romelmac skolas dauwera imitaciuri modeli sabWos
warmomadgenlebisaTvis. am modelis gamoyenebiT sabWos wevrebs SeuZliT iswavlon,
sakuTari pasuxismgeblobis farglebSi rogor gaarTvan Tavi sxvadasxva funqciasa
da problemebs. swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli erT-erTi sakiTxia qvekomitetebis Seqmna
sakiTxebis Seswavlis da sabWosaTvis rekomendaciebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT. garda
amisa, bevr sabWos dawesebuli aqvs krebebi, romelzec mxolod saganmanaTleblo
informacia da ideebi ganixileba, rac xels uwyobs sabWos wevrebis mier maTTvis
ucnobi sakiTxebis ukeTesad Seswavlas.
unda gvaxsovdes, rom skolis direqtorebi kvalificiur adamianebad ar ibadebian,
isini kvalifikacias iZenen. imisaTvis, rom kvalifikacia SeiZinos, rTul Tanamdebobasa
da rolis efeqturad moergos, direqtors kvalifikaciis asamaRlebeli kursebi
sWirdebaT. kvlavac, makedoniis magaliTi SegviZlia moviyvanoT. makedoniaSic
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arsebobda msgavsi problema, rodesac yvela skola damoukidebel saolqo skolad
gardaiqmna. direqtorebi SeCveulni iyvnen swavlebis tradiciul didaqtikur meTodebs
da skolis marTvis avtoritarul midgomas. ganaTlebis ministrma daawesa moTxovna,
rom yvela direqtors unda hqonoda akademiuri xarisxi ganaTlebis sferoSi da
gavlili unda hqonoda sloveniis profesorTa da instruqtorTa mier Seqmnili
eqvsmoduliani programa. swavleba CautardaT ara mxolod moqmed direqtorebs,
rogorc es saqarTveloSia dagegmili, aramed sxva kvalificiur pirebsac, romlebsac
direqtorobaze hqondaT pretenzia.
amgvarad, makedoniam uzrunvelyo axali kadrebis Seqmna, romelic mudmivad
daikavebda Tanamdebobas. es, rogorc Sefasebis jgufisTvis gaxda cnobili,
saqarTveloSi arsebuli sistemis erT-erTi problemaa. makedoniis ganaTlebis
ministrma gadawyvita „Tavisufali bazris“ midgoma aerCia direqtorTa momavali
saswavlo kursebis an uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebisadmi. am mizniT swavlebis
Catareba man arasamTavrobo organizaciebsa da universitetebs miando. es midgoma
sxva qveynebmac gamoiyenes.
aRniSnuli modelis naklovaneba is aris, rom igi swavlebisaTvis standartebis
dawesebas moiTxovs da ar uzrunvelyofs direqtorebisa da sabWoebis mudmivi
profesiuli ganviTarebis gaerTianebas. faqtiurad, garkveulma sameurveo sabWoebma
Sefasebis jgufs moaxsenes, rom direqtorebi sabWoebs xSirad upirispirdebodnen,
radgan, maTi azriT, sabWos uflebamosileba „Tavisuflebis institutis“ mier
Catarebul swavlebas emyareboda da oficialur politikas ar warmoadgenda.
direqtorTa swavlebis sloveniuri modeli gansxvavebuli modelia, romelic
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros SeuZlia gamoscados imis gaTvaliswinebiT,
rom msgavs qveynebSi, mTavrobis mier sanqcirebul erT provaiders SeuZlia saukeTesod
daakmayofilos direqtorebisa da sabWoebis (da savaraudod saganmanaTleblo
resurscentris zogierTi TanamSromlis) swavlebis saWiroebasTan dakavSirebuli
moTxovnebi.
Sefasebis jgufisaTvis cnobili gaxda, rom direqtoris winasamsaxureobrivi
swavleba SeiZleba uzrunvelyofil iyos profesiuli xarisxis an sertifikaciis,
rogorc marTvis xarisxis nawilis, saSualebiT. Sefasebis jgufs swavlebisaTvis
gansazRvruli programebi ar Seuswavlia, magram aRniSnavs, rom evropis qveynebis
umetesobasa da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis yvela StatSi skolis direqtorebisaTvis
wina-samsaxureobriv alternativebs Soris upirates models warmoadgens programa,
romlis dasrulebis Semdeg monawiles magistris xarisxi eniWeba.
5.3. rekomendaciebi damatebiTi kvlevisTvis

5.3.1. damatebiTi kvlevis sferoebi
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom mniSvnelovnad warmatebuli nabijebi

gadadga zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis gamarTulad muSaobis Camoyalibebis saqmeSi,
kerZod ki, saswavlo garemosa da swavlis procesis Sedegebis gaumjobesebis, sistemis
menejmentisa da dafinansebis sakiTxebSi. vinaidan saministros iniciativebis
umetesoba, romelTa Sefaseba moxda winamdebare kvlevis farglebSi, sul axlaxans
ganxorcielda, SesaZloa gatarebuli reformebis xelSesaxebi Sedegebi ramdenime
wlis Semdeg kidev ufro kargad gamoCndes. amdenad, winamdebare kvlevas sawyisi
Sefasebis statusi SeiZleba mieniWos ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis zogierT nawilSi.
msgavsi ti pis kvlevis Catareba or-sam weliwadSi da misi Sedegebis Sedareba
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winamdebare kvlevasTan mimdinare proeqtebis progresisa da naklovani mxareebis
ukeTesi Sefasebis saSualebas mogvcems. kerZod ki, kvlevis gameoreba rekomendebulia
skolebis menejmentis mniSvnelovan sferoebSi: saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis
SesaZleblobebi da muSaoba, skolebis mier biujetis marTva, sameurveo sabWoebis
da skolis direqtorebis muSaobis efeqturoba da yairaTianoba. aseve, dadebiTi da
uaryofiTi mxareebis regularuli gamovlenis mizniT unda gagrZeldes saswavlo
gegmebis pilotirebis da danergvis regularuli Sefaseba, imave princi pebiT, ra
princi piTac amJamad aseT kvlevebs axorcielebs erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da
Sefasebis centri. winamdebare nawilSi ganxilulia kvelevis potenciuri sferoebi
raime Tanmimdevrobis miTiTebis gareSe.
erT-erTi prioritetuli sfero,romelic mimdinare kvlevis farglebSi ver daifara
drois simciris gamo, aris erovnul umciresobaTa regionebSi da konfliqtis zonebSi
arsebuli skolebis mdgomareobis Seswavla. evrokavSirSi gaerTianeba bevri qveynisTvis
dRemde damokidebuli iyo umciresobaTa jgufebisTvis ganaTlebis miRebis Tanaswori
SesaZleblobebis Seqmnaze. araoficialuri informaciis, aseve meorexarisxovani
kvlevis, msoflio banki da saministros mier mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad
es sakiTxi dReisTvis gadaWrili ar aris. rekomendebulia specialuri kvlevis
Catareba umciresobaTa skolebSi, romelic Seiswavlis reformebis mimdinareobas,
kerZod ki, skolis menejmentis da dafinansebis praqtikas, fizikur da saswavlo
garemos, saxelmZRvaneloebis xelmisawvdomobas da transportirebis sakiTxebs.
SesaZlebelia winamdebare kvlevis modelis saxiT gamoyeneba, rac gaaiolebs da
ekonomiurs gaxdis am prioritetuli sakiTxebis Seswavlas.
damatebiTi kvlevis kidev erTi ekonomiuri forma iqneba saministros mier
winamdebare kvlevis Sevseba saklaso dakvirvebebis da sxva saxis damatebiTi
monacemebis mogrovebis gziT. amgvaradDSesaZlebeli iqneba ufro detaluri kiTxvebis
dasma da meti niuansis garkveva.
vinaidan,am etapze skolebis konsolidacia jer kidev swrafi tempebiT mimdinareobs,
mosalodnelia damatebiTi problemebis warmoSoba moswavleebis transportirebasa
da maRalkontigentiani klasebis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnulma problemebma
SesaZloa uaryofiTi gavlena moaxdinos saswavlo garemoze da gaabaTilos
skolebis konsolidaciis dadebiTi mxareebi. amitomac, rekomendebulia umokles
vadebSi damatebiTi kvlevis Catareba, romelic Seafasebs skolebis konsolidaciis
potenciur dadebiT da uaryofiT Sedegebs da romlis Sedegadac dadgindeba ufro
mkafio, mxareebisTvis misaRebi da amave dros dadebiT Sedegze orientirebuli
konsolidaciis kriteriumebi.
winamdebare Sefasebis farglebSi raodenobriv kvlevaSi CarTuli iyvnen mxolod
maswavleblebi da direqtorebi. skolebis sameurveo sabWos fokus-jgufebSi
aseve monawileobden is mSoblebi, romlebic arian sabWos wevrebi. moswavleebSi
SesaZlebelia Catardes damatebiTi kvleva, romelic orientirebuli iqneba swavlebis
axal meTodebze da axal saswavlo gegmebze. moswavleTa gamokiTxva sxva sakiTxebis
Sefasebis kargi saSualebac iqneba, magaliTad, moswavleebis mier kompiuterebis
gamoyeneba, sainformacio teqnologiebis CarTuloba saswavlo procesSi, kerZo
repetitorTan swavlis praqtika da masStabebi da erovnuli gamocdebis adeqvaturoba.
mcire modifikaciebis Semdeg moswavleebis gamokiTxvaSi aseve SeiZleba gamoviyenoT
maswavleblebis mimarT dasmuli SekiTxvebi aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebis danergvasTan
dakavSirebiT. erT-erTi mwvave sakiTxi, romelic am Sefasebis farglebSi mxolod
zedapirulad iyo ganxiluli, aris kerZo gakveTilebis praqtika. rekomendebulia
kvlevis dagegmva, romlis mizanic iqneba moswavleebis kerZo mecadineobis praqtikis
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Semcirebis SesaZleblobebis garkveva gansakuTrebiT maRal klasebSi, sadac
moswavleebi mxolod testebis Cabarebis mizniT swavloben. aseve saintereso
iqneba mSoblebis gamokiTxva rigi problemuri sakiTxebis garSemo. es sakiTxebi
SeiZleba iyos aqtiuri swavlebis mimarT damokidebuleba, moswavleebis daswreba,
saxelmZRvaneloebis xelmisawvdomoba, komunikacia skolis administraciasTan
da maswavleblebTan. yvela zemoT CamoTvlili sakiTxi seriozul Seswavlas da
Sesabamisad kvlevisTvis did dros da speqtrs moiTxovs.
vinaidan skolebSi ukve dainerga sakanonmdeblo da struqturuli cvlilebebi,
amjerad ukve mniSvnelovania sistemis mdgradobis SenarCuneba. rogorc ukve aRiniSna,
yvela mmarTvelobiTi danayofi saWiroebs dauyovnebliv treningebs. Sefasebis
dros gamoikveTa treningebis zogierTi sfero, Tumca aucilebelia gaxorcieldes
saWiroebaTa detaluri mokvleva, gansakuTrebiT ki sameurveo sabWos wevrebisTvis.
saWiroebaTa mokvleva mniSvnelovania imisda miuxedavad, gegmavs Tu ara saministro
erovnuli sabWoebis asociaciis Camoyalibebas, radgan am gziT SesaZlebeli iqneba
treningisTvis aucilebeli sferoebis gamovlena.
skolebs da maswavleblebs Soris aqtiuri kavSirebi umniSvnelovanesia swavlebis
da swavlis warmatebuli praqtikis dasanergad. skolebs da maswavleblebs
Soris TanamSromloba aseve mniSvnelovania skolis menejmentis TvalsazrisiT.
zogierT skolaSi mkvidrdeba warmatebuli magaliTebi, romlebsac kargi iqneba
Tu sxva skolebic gaecnobian. saintereso iqneba kvlevis Catareba skolebisa da
maswavleblebis TanamSromlobis sferoebisa da TanamSromlobisTvis xelsayreli
geografiuli regionebis dadgenis mizniT. Tuki am kvlevas garkveuli Tanxa daeTmoba,
SesaZlebeli iqneba kvlevis Sedegad im skolebis gamovlenac, romlebic raionSi
warmatebuli modelis rols iTamaSeben konkretul sferoebSi.
kvlevis farglebSi erT-erTi damafiqrebeli faqtori, romlis damatebiTi
Seswavlac rekomendebulia, aris is, rom maswavlebelTa 40%-is Tanaxmad maT ar
miuRiaT axali saxelmZRvaneloebi, maSin roca maT klasebSi isini ukve darigebuli
iyo. momdevno kvleva mcire masStabis Tvisobrivi kvleva SeiZleba iyos.
SesaZloa saWiro gaxdes skolebis fizikuri garemos damatebiTi Seswavla.
marTalia ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemis farglebSi grovdeba
monacemebi skolebSi arsebul materialuri bazis Sesaxeb, magram mainc arsebobs
rigi sakiTxebisa, rogoricaa magaliTad sanitaruli kvanZebis mdgomareoba, saklaso
oTaxebSi arsebuli avejis Sesabamisoba moswavleebis asakobriv jgufTan, ganaTebis
adekvaturoba, gakveTilis xangrZlivoba skolebi gaTbobisa da eleqtroenergis
uqonloba, romelTa ufro Rrma Seswavla aucilebelia.
kvlevis potenciuri sferoa ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemebis
funqcionirebis Seswavla. aRniSnuli sfero ar Sedioda Sefasebis am proeqtis
valdebulebaSi, magram miuxedvad amisa saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis Seswavli
sas didi dro daeTmo centrebs, skolebsa da ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio
sistemebs Soris urTierTobis ganxilvas. vinaidan ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio
sistemebs mniSvnelovani roli akisriaT efeqturi da codnaze dafuZnebuli
gadawyvetilebebis miRebis sakiTxSi, mxareebi fiqroben, rom umjobesia am etapzeve
iqnas Seswavlili sistemis Zlieri da susti mxareebi iseve, rogorc safrTxeebi da
SesaZleblobebi momavali saqmianobisTvis. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, msoflio bankis
mier gaweuli Zalisxmeva – Seiqmnas ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemebis
xarisxiani sistema – SesaZloa gabaTildes, Tu axlave ar moxdeba problemebis
analizi da maTi gadaWris gzebis gansazRvra. amasTanave, gamovlinda, rom ganaTlebis
politikis sferoSi saTanado gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad sakmarisi monacemebi
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ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemebSi ar moi poveba standartizebuli
da xelmisawvdomi saxiT. SesaZlebelia damatebiTi kvlevis Catareba monacemTa
Segrovebis da Senaxvis saWiroebebis prioritetul sferoebze. amisaTvis aucilebeli
ar iqneba farTomasStabiani kvlevis Catareba, Tumca monacemebis warmomadgenlobiTi
unda iyos.
amJamad, adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis roli skolebis menejmentSi minimumamdea
dayvanili, raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos skolebis biujetis xarjvis yairaTianoba
da gamWirvaloba da Tavidan aviciloT Tanxebis araswori gankargva adgilobrivi
mmarTvelobis moxeleebis mier. aRniSnuli cvlileba iyo saministros myari
gadawyvetileba msgavsi problemebis Tavidan asacileblad. miuxedavad imisa, rom
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis roli skolebis marTvaSi minimaluria,
mainc SesaZlebelia skolebis sasargeblod maTi CarTva raime formiT ganaTlebis
sistmaSi. saministros SeuZlia ganaxorcielos kvleva,raTa ganisazRvros adgilobrivi
mmarTvelobisTvis ganaTlebis sistemaSi CarTvis sferoebi. rekomendebulia skolisa
da adgilobrivi mmarTvelobebis TanamSromlebis sakiTxebSi saerTaSoriso
gamocdilebis Seswavla da maTi gaziareba. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT aucilebeli
ar iqneba farTomasStabiani kvlevis Catareba.
garda amisa, direqtorebis arCevnebis sistemis kvlevasTan erTad, saministros
SeuZlia gamoikvlios adgilobrivi Temis warmomadgenlebsa da direqtorebs Soris
kavSirebis arsebobis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi. winamdebare kvlevis Tanaxmad
aRniSnuli sakiTxi erT-erT farTod gavrcelebul problemad saxeldeboda.
adgilobrivi kavSirebis meSveobiT direqtorebs meti fondebis mozidva SeuZliaT.
Sefasebis jgufma moismina ramdenime konkretuli magaliTi aseTi faqtebisa.
Sefaseba ganxorcielda direqtorebis pirveli arCevnebis paralelurad, romlis
mTavari Zlieri da uaryofiTi mxareebi ganxilulia kvlevis Sesabamis TavSi.
rekomendebulia am sakiTxis damatebiTi da ufro sistemuri Seswavla direqtorebis
arCevnebis axali sistemis adekvaturobis Sesafaseblad da sistemis gaumjobesebis
gzebis gansasazRvrad. savaraudod, aRniSnuli kvleva did xarjebTan ar iqneba
dakavSirebuli.
fokus-jgufebSi monawile zogierTi maswavlebeli fiqrobs, rom axal
saxelmZRvaneloebSi Setanili masala rTulia maTi moswavleebisTvis. Tumca es
mosazreba mxolod nawilobriv dadasturda gamokiTxvis Sedegad. erovnuli saswavlo
gegmebisa da Sefasebis centrs SeuZlia SearCios sxvadasxva sagnobrivi jgufebis
warmomadgeneli maswavleblebi da Caataros mciremasStabiani fokus-jgufebi am
sakiTxis gasarkvevad.
aseve aSkaraa grZelvadiani kvlevis saWiroeba. aucilebeli iqneba Sefasdes
swavlebis axali teqnikis gamoyenebis Sedegebi (rogoricaa aqtiuri swavleba).
Sedegebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebeli iqneba im maswavleblebis dasarwmuneblad,
romlebic moiTxoven argumentebs da kvlevis Sedegebis meTodis gamoyenebamde.
kvlevis meTodologia iqneba im klasebis da maswavleblebis warmomadgenlobiTi
raodenobis SerCeva, romlebic iyeneben axal meTodebs (saqarTvelos magaliTze
aqtiuri swavlebis meTodebi). am kvlevis Sedegad gamovlindeba obieqturi mecnieruli
faqtebi saqarTvelos magaliTze, rac daarwmunebs am meTodebis mimarT skeptikurad
ganwyobil adamianebs mis upiratesobebSi Zvel meTodebTan SedarebiT.
aseve, roca srulyofilad Camoyalibdeba axali saswavlo gegmebi da daiwyeba maTi
gamoyeneba, saministrom da skolebma unda gansazRvron maTi efeqturoba. saqarTvelos
SemTxvevaSi, erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sefasebac amave princi piT unda moxdes.
ganaTlebis sferos mkvlevarebi Tvlian, rom robert steikis Sefasebis modeli
219
kargad Seesabameba amerikis sxvadasxva Statis saswavlo programebis Sefasebis
miznebs. cxadia, Sefasebis sxva modelebsac warmatebulad iyeneben sxvadasxva sagnis
saswavlo programis Sesafaseblad. marTalia, erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da
Sefasebis centri ukve axorcielebs msgavs kvlevebs, Sefasebis jgufma ver daadgina
aRniSnuli kvlevebi miznad isaxavs Tu ara saswavlo gegmis Semdgom gadaxedvas da
cvlilebebis Setanas. Tu erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centrs jer ar
daugegmavs saswavlo gegmebis gadaxedva da ganaxleba unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom es
procedurebi aucilebelia.
sertifikacia maswavleblebis kvalifikaciisa da profesionalizmis gaumjobesebis
gzaa da amerikis yvela StatSi da sxva mraval qveyanaSi gamoiyeneba. es sistema
awesebs im minimalur kriteriumebs maTTvis, visac surs maswavleblis profesiiT
dasaqmeba. vinaidan, saqarTveloSi igegmeba serTifikaciis programis danergva,
rekomendebulia, rom saministom garkveuli drois Semdeg Camoayalibos kvlevis
proeqti am iniciativis ganxorcielebis Sesafaseblad.
meTodologiuri rCevis saxiT aRvniSnavT, rom mezobeli qveynebis universitetebis
da umaRlesi ganaTlebis institutebis,iseve,rogorc skolebis da maTi administraciebis
Seswavla SesaZlebelia mcirebiujetiani kvleviT. universitetebs da ganaTlebis
profilis organizaciebs SeuZliaT kvlevis saxiT daxmareba gauwion saministros.
rekomendebulia, rom saministrom Sekribos TanamSromlebi am institutebidan da
gansazRvros kvlevis is sferoebi, romlebiTac saministro iqneba dainteresebuli.
Sefasebis jgufs aqvs informacia imis Sesaxeb, rom erovnuli saswavlo
gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri da programa „irmis naxtomi“ gegmavs sainformacio
da satelekomunikacio teqnologiebis integrirebas saswavlo gegmebSi. Tumca,
Sefasebis jgufi fiqrobs, rom am iniciativis ganxorcielebisTvis yvela piroba
jer ar arsebobs, gansakuTrebiT Tu maswavleblebis kompiuterTan muSaobis codnas
gaviTvaliswinebT. momavalSi rekomendebulia am iniciativis Sedegebis Sefaseba.
5.3.2. damatebiTi monacemebis saWiroeba
aucilebelia skolebis danaxarjebis da Semosavlebis Sesaxeb detaluri

informaciis mogroveba gamWvirvalobis princi pebis dacviT. aseTi gziT informaciis
mogroveba gamoricxavs korufcias da zrdis angariSvaldebulebebs rogorc
adgilobriv, aseve erovnul doneze. aseve, sasargeblo iqneba skolebis finansuri
statusis Seswavla, skolebis ti pebis Sedareba, regionebis da wlebis mixedviT.
unda aRiniSnos, rom am ti pis monacemebis ararsebobam mniSvnelovnad SeuSala xeli
Sefasebis jgufis mier kvlevis saTanadod ganxorcielebas.
ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemebis dafuZneba dadebiTad fasdeba.
Tumca kvlevam gvaCvena, rom ganaTlebis politikis sferoSi mniSvnelovani
gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad saWiro monacemebi xelmisawvdomi ar aris. magaliTad,
saWiroa skolebidan monacemebis Segroveba moswavleTa daswrebis Sesaxeb, rac
gadaecema ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemas da monacemTa erTian bazaSi
Seinaxeba. am etapze ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistema agrovebs monacemebs
mxolod zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebidan. kargi iqneboda identuri monacemebis
Segroveba da Senaxva ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemaSi sxva doneebis
saganmanaTleblo erTeulebidanac (wina-saskolo ganaTleba, profesiuli ganaTleba,
umaRlesi ganaTleba). rekomendebulia damatebiTi kvlevis Catareba monacemTa
Segrovebis prioritetebis dasadgenad, ris Sedegadac Semcirdeba Sromis moculoba
sxvadasxva davalebebis Sesrulebisas.
220
danarTebi
danarTi a: SerCevis meTodologia
a.1 sawyisi SerCevis meTodologia
dajgufebis safuZvelze SerCevis gziT 66 raionidan SeirCa 20 raioni.

gamoiricxa is raionebi, romelic xuTze nakleb skolas aerTianebda, an ar iyo
xelmisawvdomi kvlevisaTvis konfliqturi regionis statusiT klasifikaciis gamo.
mestia, adgilmdebareobis gaTvaliswinebiT ar iqna CarTuli kvlevaSi, vinaidan
damkvirveblebisaTvis rTuli iqneboda transportireba monacemTa Sekrebis mizniT.
agreTve, kvlevam ar moicva eTnikuri umciresobebis oTxi raioni, vinaidan proeqtis
ganxorcielebisaTvis gansazRvruli dro masalebis Targmnis saSualebas ar
iZleoda. Sesabamisad,SeuZlebelia angariSSi warmodgenili informaciis ganzogadeba
mocemul raionebze. meore mxriv, samwuxaroa, aRniSnuli raionebis gamoTiSva kvlevis
procesidan, vinaidan arsebobs mosazreba, rom mocemul teritoriul erTeulebSi
SedarebiT mZime problemebi arsebobs.
SerCeva ganxorcielda stratifikaciis/daSrevebis meTodis safuZvelze, rac
gulisxmobs strataSi skolebis klasifikacias Semdegi monacemebis mixedviT: 1)
moswavleebis raodenoba; 2) moicavs, Tu ara regioni maRalmTian raions; 3) mocemul
arealSi konsolidirebuli skolebis raodenoba (minimum 5 an proporciulad
minimum 20%). angariSSi reprezentatiulobis TvalsazrisiT pirveli ori moTxovna
savaldebulos warmoadgens, xolo mesame marTvisa da finansebis qveTavSi aris
ganxiluli. didi raionebis da mTiani erTeulebis Sesabamisi dafarvis mizniT,
,,saskolo raioni” 17500-ze meti moswavliT da maRalmTiani raionebi gaTvaliswinebuli
iqna SerCevis modelSi. Semdeg raionebis klasifikacia ganxorcielda raionis doneze
moswavleebis sruli raodenobis gaTvaliswinebiT (implisituri stratifikacia).
21 raioni moicavda xuT, an met konsolidirebul skolas da cxra raionSi
skolebis 20%-is konsolidacia ukve ganxorcielebuli iyo mimdinare etapisaTvis.
kvlevisaTvis SeirCa Svidi raioni 5100 an naklebi moswavleebis raodenobiT, eqvsi
raioni 17500-ze meti moswavliT, sami maRalmTiani raionis skola da 18 raioni
konsolidirebuli skolebiT.
a.2 meore etapi

meore etapze, TiToeul raionSi SeirCa 5-8 skola damkvirveblebisaTvis
monacemTa Sesagroveblad. SerCeuli modeli moicavs xuT raions moswavleebis
saerTo raodenobiT 6000-ze naklebi, an maRalmTian raions; eqvs aramaRalmTiani
raions moswavleebis raodenobiT 6000-20000 da rva raions 20000-ze meti moswavlis
maCvenebliT. sawyis etapze kvlevisaTvis SerCeuli skolebis raodenoba Seadgens
110-s.
skolebi SeirCa im komponentebis Sewonvis safuZvelze, romelic kvlevis ZiriTadi
dainteresebis sagans warmoadgenda: konsolidirebuli skolebi, proeqti ,,irmis
naxtomi”,soflis skolebis biblioTekebis programa,saskolo qseli da a.S. Sewonvisas
gaTvaliswinebuli iqna skolebi sami sxvadasxva programuli komponentiT.
sxvadasxva saxis maswavlebelTa treningebi, xSirad mocemulia monacemTa bazaSi,
rogorc maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis iniciativebis nawili da SerCevis
221
modelis gansazRvrisas rTuli iyo maTi gamoyofa. mocemuli ganpirobebuli iyo
maswavleblebis sxvadasxva jgufebisaTvis gansxvavebuli treningis modulebis
ganxorcielebiT (maswavlebelTa trenerebis treningi; skolis-bazaze profesiuli
ganviTarebis treningebi 2002-05weli; axali saswavlo gegmis CarCoSi ganxorcieledbuli
treningebi sapilote skolebisaTvis da a.S). amasTanave, konsolidaciis Sedegad
rigma maswavleblebma Seicvales skola da Sesabamisad mocemuli faqtoris
gaTvaliswineba SerCevisas ararealistur Sedegebs warmoadgenda. SerCevis modeli
moicavs mxolod sajaro skolebs, vinaidan mocemul skolebSi ganxorcielda
proeqt ,,ilia WavWavaZis” farglebSi dagegmili iniciativebi. monacemebi kerZo da
araqarTulenovan skolebze kvlevis jgufisaTvis ar iyo xelmisawvdomi. SerCevis
modelSi, kerZo an araqarTulenovani skolas enacvleboda sajaro skola. mocemuli
SerCevis modelis stratifikacia TiToeul skolaSi programuli komponentebis
raodenobiT ganxorcielda, imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom SerCeuli skolebidan yovel
erTeulSi xorcieldeboda minimumim erTi/an arc erTi programuli elementi. kvlevis
ganxorcielebis procesSi gamovlinda, rom monacemTa bazaSi warmodgenilma xuTma
skola ganicada konsolidacia.
a3. SerCevis mesame etapi
bolo etapze ganisazRvra, rom rTuli iqneboda konkretuli maswavleblebis

SerCeva sagnobrivi,Tu sxva maxasiaTebeli niSnebiT kiTxvarebis Sesavsebad. miuxedavad
amisa, kvlevisTvis gansazRvruli drois CarCo yvela skolidan maswavleblebis
sruli raodenobis mier Sevsebuli kiTxvarebis procesirebis saSualebas ar
iZleoda. amitom, Sefasebis jgufma ganaxorciela xelmeore/post stratifikacia da
maswavleblis Sevsebuli kiTxvarebis SerCeva sagnobrivi specifikaciis mixedviT.
Semdeg SeirCa yvela maswavleblis kiTxvari skolebidan 19 an naklebi maswavlebliT,
yoveli mesame forma skolebidan 20-50 maswavlebliT da yoveli mexuTe - skolebidan
50 maswavlebliT.
saklaso oTaxis garemos SeswavlisaTvis, damkvirveblebi daeswrnen sxvadasxva
klasebs da sagnis sagakveTilo process. realisturi Sedegebis misaRebad, skolis
direqtorebi da maswavleblebi winaswar ar iyvnen gafrTxilebuli saklaso oTaxze
dakvirvebis Sesaxeb; amasTanave, skolebisaTvis miwodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad
damkvirveblebi umetesad saklaso oTaxis pirobebze axdendnen fokusirebas, vidre
sagakveTilo procesze.
222
danarTi b: monacemebi maswavlebelTa kiTxvarze 1
1. ra aris Tqveni asakobrivi jgufi?
30 wlis 31 – 40
41 – 50 51 – 60 61+ an ufro
an ufro wlis
wlis wlis metis
axalgazrda
12 23 30 22 13 1415
2. ra gaqvT damTavrebuli?
saSualo umaRlesi
4 92 1404
3. sul ramdeni welia moRvaweobT maswavleblad?
5 weli an
6-10 weli 11-20 weli 21 weli an meti
naklebi
12 12 28 48 1406
4. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romel klasebSi aswavliT?
1-4 5-6 7-9 10-12

29 44 62 44 1430
5. daaxloebiT ra sididis klasebs aswavliT?
15 an 40 an
moswavleebis 16-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 ufro
ufro mcire moswavle moswavle moswavle moswavle meti
raodenoba moswavle
32 44 26 10 4 1 1430

223
6. maswavlebels SesaZloa hqondes erTi an meti mizani moswavleebisaTvis SekiTxvebis
dasmisas. rodesac moswavleebs usvamT kiTxvas, ramdenad cdilobT Semdegi miznebis
miRwevas?
Zalian xSirad
arasdros zogjer xSirad
an yovelTvis
amowmebT, icis Tu ara
40 52 8 0 664
moswavlem zusti pasuxi
saSalebas aZlevT moswavleebs
0 5 47 47 684
gamoxaton sakuTari mosazrebebi
xels uwyobT moswavleebs
ganmarton da axsnan maT mier 0 8 41 51 676
mowodebuli pasuxebi
7. gTxovT waikiTxoT TiToeuli mosazreba yuradRebiT da miuTiToT, ramdenad

eTanxmebiTYTiToeul mosazrebas. yoveli mosazrebis gaswvriv aRniSneT TqvenTvis misaRebi pasuxi.
sruliad ar sruliad ar
veTanxmebi
veTanxmebi veTanxmebi veTanxmebi
sagakveTilo procesi yvelaze efeqturia,

rodesac maswavlebeli atarebs ZiriTadad 2 21 63 13 684
leqciis ti pis gakveTils
saukeTeso SemTxvevaa, rodesac
moswavleebi davalebebs damoukideblad
30 64 3 3 697
asruleben. maswavlebels SeuZlia naTlad
gansazRvros maTi codnis done.
maswavleblebi gacilebiT met codnas
floben, vidre moswavleebi, amitom maT
13 50 29 8 681
moswavleebs unda miawodon mxolod
informacia da faqtebi.
gakveTilebis mTavari Tema unda iyos
problema, romlisTvisac moswavles
17 67 13 3 669
SeuZlia swori da konkretuli pasuxis
gamonaxva
moswavleebi xSirad aferxeben
gakveTilebis msvlelobas, rodesac 7 35 50 8 689
gakveTilis Sesaxeb saubroben erTmaneTSi
maswavleblebis Sefaseba / SeniSvnebi
moswavlis mier Sesrulebul samuSaoze
2 2 60 35 693
unda emsaxurebodes moswavlis
motivaciis amaRlebas.
224
8. gTxovT gaixsenoT mimdinare saswavlo weli, is periodi rodesac klass acnobdiT axal
saswavlo masalas, miuTiTeT, ramdenad xSirad axorcielebdnen Tqveni moswavleebi Semdeg
qmedebebs.
iSviaTad an TveSi 1-3 Zalian

arasdros jer
xSirad
xSirad sul
moswavleebi usmenen da akeTeben
13 55 12 20 680
CaniSvnebs gakveTilis msvlelobisas
moswavleebi aqtiurad monawileoben
10 12 60 19 686
TanatolTa diskusiebSi da debatebSi
moswavleebi monawileoben proeqtebSi,
4 15 26 55 647
romelic erT dReze meti grZeldeba
moswavle kiTxulobs Cumad 27 7 56 10 652
moswavleebi muSaoben mcire jgufebSi 11 18 58 12 666

moswavleebi awyoben saklaso
19 29 41 10 669
prezentaciebs
moswavleebi muSaoben problematur
21 21 50 8 666
sakiTxebze
moswavleebi monawileoben gakveTilis
procesSi, sadac ZiriTadad 23 9 58 10 671
maswavlebeli saubrobs.
9. ramdenad kargad xarT momzadebuli, rom sagani axali saswavlo gegmiT aswavloT?
saerTod ara mcired saTanadod Zalian kargad

1 11 77 12 703
10. rogor fiqrobT, axali saswavlo gegma zedmet Tavisuflebas gaZlevT, Zalian gzRudavT
Tu Seefereba Tqvens moTxovnebs?
zedmet Tavisuflebas Seefereba Tqvens

Zalian gzRudavT
gaZlevT moTxovnebs
12 7 82 690
rogor fiqrobT, axali saswavlo gegma Zalian bundovania, Zalian dakonkretebulia Tu

11.
Seefereba Tqvens moTxovnebs?
Zalian Seefereba Tqvens

Zalian bundovania
dakonkretebulia moTxovnebs
17 14 69 693

225
12. Tqveni azriT ramdenad aZlevs skolas da maswavleblebs axali saswavlo
gegma arCevanis Tavisuflebas?
mcired saSualod metad

7 63 30 694
13 Tqveni azriT, moswavleebis romeli doneebis erTdroulad swavlebis saSualebas/uflebas

gaZlevT axali saswavlo programa.
ZiriTadad saSualo ZiriTadad saSualo

yvela donis
an Zlieri donis an susti donis
moswavleebis
moswavleebis moswavleebis
24 16 61 698
14. ramdenad SesaZlebelia axali saswavlo gegmis farglebSi aqtiuri swavleba?
saerTod ar aris met-naklebad

SesaZlebelia
SesaZlebeli SesaZlebelia
3 41 56 698
15. zogierTi maswavlebeli aqtiuri swavlebis meTods iyenebs TiTqmis yvela klasSi,
zogi ki saerTod ar iyenebs. Tqven ramden klasSi iyenebT aqtiuri swavlebis meTods?
TiTqmis yvela
arcerT klasSi ramdenime klasSi bevr klasSi
klasSi
2 30 16 52 678
18. axali saswavlo gegmis wardgenis Semdeg, Tqvens skolaSi maswavleblebs Soris
TanamSromlobis xarisxi gaizarda, Semcirda Tu igive darCa?
gaizarda igive darCa Semcirda

58 38 4 695
19.Tqveni azriT axali 10 quliani Sefasebis sistema zedmetad farToa, imisaTvis rom
gamoyenebul iqnas Sefasebis instumentad.
diax ara ar vici

42 44 14 695
226
20 Tqveni azriT, aqtiuri swavlebisa da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis miznebis ganxorcielebis
TvalsazrisiT Zveli saswavlo gegma ukeTesi iyo Tu axali?
daaxloebiT erTi da
axali ukeTesia Zveli ukeTesi iyo
igivea
70 16 13 697
aris axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sesabamisi axali saxelmZRvaneloebi xelmisawvdomi

21.
Tqveni klasisaTvis?
diax ara
57 43 695
22.aris Tqvens skolaSi biblioTeka an calke gamoyofili oTaxi moswavleebis saWiro

sakiTxavi wignebiTa da masalebiT?
diax ara ar vici N
77 19 4 702
Tu Tqvens skolaSi aris biblioTeka, aris iq wignebi, romlebic xels uwyobs axal
23.
saswavlo programiT swavlebas?
ar aris diax ara ar vici

nawilobriv
biblioTeka
24.Tu Tqvens skolaSi aris biblioTeka, ramdenad xSirad SedixarT biblioTekaSi da iyenebT
wignebs?
arasdros iSviaTad bevrjer
15 44 40 666
25.aZlevT Tqvens moswavleebs davalebebs, romelTa Sesasruleblad saxelmZRvanelos garda

sxva wignebis gamoyenebaa saWiro?
diax ara n
85 15 698

227
26. moswavleebis ra nawils ar aqvs axali saxelmZRvaneloebi Tqvens klasSi?
axali
arcerTs an mcire
saxelmZRvaneloebi
ramdenimes ar raodearabas ar
ar aris mzad im bevrs ar aqvs n
aqvs aqvs
klasebisaTvis,
romelsac vaswavli
11 10 53 26 669
27. ra sixSiriT iyenebT saxelmZRvaneloebs?
arcerT an mcire
zogierT klasSi Cemi klasebis
ramdenime klasSi raodenobiT
umravlesobaSi
klasSi
3 8 8 82 673
28. ramdenad Sesabamisia axali saxelmZRvaneloebi aqtiuri swavlebisaTvis?
met-naklebad sruliad ar
Seesabameba
Seesabameba Seesabameba
55 42 3 682
29. ramdenad Seesabameba axali saxelmZRvaneloebi moswavleebis saSualo weris/kiTxvis dones?
moswavleTa
maTi Sesabamisia aRemateba ar maqvs pasuxi
unarebze dabalia
7 61 13 19 682
30.xelmisawvdomia maswavlebelTa saxelmZRvaneloebi romlebic gawvdiT instruqciebs axali

masalis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT?
diax ara n
56 44 690
ramdenad Seicavs maswavlebelTa saxelmZRvaneloebi SemoTavazebul gakveTilebis gegmebs

31.
da aqtiuri swavlebisaTvis saWiro elementebs?
Zalian cotas ramdenic saWiroa sakmarisze metad ar maqvs pasuxi n
28 46 7 19 685
32.bolo 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi, Seicvala Tqven skolaSi swavleba axali saswavlo gegmis
ganxorcilebasTan dakavSirebiT?
diax ara ar vici

81 9 10 699
228
2. 33. ramdenad kargad xarT momzadebuli 10 quliani Sefasebis sistemiT sargeblobisaTvis?
Zalian kargad saSualod cudad

36 61 3 692
34.qvemoT CamoTvlili faqtorebidan romeli migaCniaT Tqveni swavlebis procesis xelis

SemSlel aspeqtad?
diax ara
monawileobis ar miReba treningebSi, romelic axal

32 68 662
saswavlo meTodebiT swavlebas iTvaliswinebs
swavlebis axali meTodebi ar Seesabameba maswavlebelTa
56 44 626
muSaobis praqtikas klasSi
gakveTilis dro ar aris sakmarisi swavlebis axali
56 44 646
meTodebiT sargeblobisaTvis
piradad ar gamaCnia sakmarisi dro, rom praqtikulad
70 30 624
daviwyo axali saswavlo meTodebis gamoyeneba
maswavlebelTa profesiuli treiningebis xarisxi,
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor gamoviyearaT swavlebis 51 49 633
axali meTodebi klasSi aradamakmayofilebelia
ar aris sakmarisi Tavisufleba saswavlo gegmaSi,
67 33 625
imisaTvis rom ganaxorcielo swavlebis axali meTodebi
ar gamaCnia saWiro mowyobiloba, an masalebi 36 64 634
klasSi Zalian bevri moswavlea, an ar aris sakmarisi

sivrce saklaso oTaxSi swavlebis axali meTodebiT 59 41 637
sargeblobisaTvis
Cems skolaSi swavlebis axali meTodebiT muSaobisaTvis
66 34 634
ar arsebobs Sesabamisi garemo
229
ramdenad xSirad gqondaT qvemoT warmodgenili profesiuli urTierTobebi/ganxilvebi
35.
sxvadasxva sakiTxebze gasul wels?
arasodes an TveSi
minimum
ar SemiZlia erTxel
iSviaTad kviraSi
pasuxis an an
erTxel
gacema ramdenjerme
msjeloba Tqveni kaTedris
maswavleblebTan erTad, Tu rogor
7 28 52 13 681
unda moxdes konkretuli sakiTxebis
swavleba klasSi
moswavleebis proeqtebis ganxilva
sxva maswavleblebTan erTad, an 17 51 26 5 656
moswavleTa proeqtebis gaziareba
sakiTxebis ganxilva sxva skolebis
maswavleblebTan saskolo qselis 29 55 14 2 648
gamoyenebiT
diskusiebi/informaciis gacvla
sxvadasxva skolebis maswavleblebTan
34 43 21 2 658
ganaTlebis resurs-centris
daxmarebiT
informaciis gaziareba sxva skolebis
maswavleblebTan sxva saSualebebis 27 52 19 2 656
gamoyenebiT
36.gTxovT, aRniSnoT profesiuli ganviTarebis is SesaZleblobebi, romelSic bolo 6 wlis

manZilze iyaviT CarTuli:
ar aris
marTalia
marTali
ar gamaCnia informacia profesiuli ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebis
31 69 651
Sesaxeb, romelSic monawileobis miReba SemeZlo
bolo 6 wlis manZilze monawileoba ar mimiRia
33 67 1119
profesiuli ganviTarebis programaSi, an seminarSi
gaviare maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
treiningi(momaniWes treneris statusi) da vatarebdi
27 73 6251
treningebs maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
programis farglebSi
treiningi, romelic Cems skolaSi Catarda maswavlebelTa 61 40 1047
profesiuli ganviTarebis programis farglebSi
CarTuli var/viyavi axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
63 37 6411
treningebis ciklSi
ar gamaCnia informacia profesiuli ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebis
15 85 2951
Sesaxeb, romelSic monawileobis miReba SemeZlo
bolo 6 wlis manZilze monawileoba ar mimiRia
11 89 3301
profesiuli ganviTarebis programaSi, an seminarSi
treningi(momaniWes treneris statusi) da vatarebdi
13 86 3681
treningebs maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis
programis farglebSi
treningi, romelic Cems skolaSi Catarda maswavlebelTa 45 55 4151
profesiuli ganviTarebis programis farglebSi
230
37.Tu monawileoba migiRiaT gTxovT, miuTiToT Tu ramdenad eTanxmebiT TiToeul qvemoT
warmodgenil mosazrebas:
sruliad ar sruliad ar
veTanxmebi
veTanxmebi veTanxmebi veTanxmebi
meTodebi, romelsac gavecani
ganviTarebis programis farglebSi 3 8 71 18 637
damexmara swavlebis xarisxis
gaumjobesebaSi.
meTodebi, romelsac gavecani
damexmara moswavleebis swavlis donis
gaumjobesebaSi.
im meTodebis daxmarebiT, romelsac
gavecani, gakveTilis procesSi gaizarda
moswavleebis CarTuloba.
38.gTxovT, upasuxoT Semdeg kiTxvebs im masalebTan dakavSirebiT, romelsac profesiuli

ganviTarebis donis asamaRleblad iRebT:
Zalian met-naklebad sakmarisze

sakmarisi
arasakmarisi arasakmarisi meti
ramdenad informatiuli/amomwuravia
TqvenTvis mowodebuli aqtiuri
9 37 52 1 657
swavlebis/jgufuri muSaobis
Sefasebis magaliTebi da nimuSebi.
ramdenad informatiulia/
amomwuravia magaliTebi da nimuSebi,
romlebic asaxaven rogor unda 7 41 50 1 654
ganxorcieldes aqtiuri swavleba
da axali saswavlo programa.

231
39. xarT skolis sameurveo sabWos wevri?
diax
ara
15 85 553
40. gTxovT, upasuxoT mocemul SekiTxvebs, Tu brZandebiT sameurveo sabWos wevri:

Aar
diax ara
vici
TqvenTvis naTelia ra ufleba-movaleobebi gaqvT, rogorc
76 18 6 238
sameurveo sabWos wevrs?
sameurveo sabWo kenWsyris safuZvelze iRebs gadawyvetilebas? 80 10 10 231
Tqveni azriT sameurveo sabWos Sexvedrebis sixSire sakmarisia
57 30 13 233
imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyos skolis efeqturi marTva?
CagitardaT Tu ara treiningebi, sameurveo sabWos muSaobis
51 45 4 232
Sesaxeb?
amomwuravi iyo is treiningebi? 38 43 19 195
sameurveo sabWos wevrebis arCevnebamde naTlad gaacno Tu ara
87 6 6 233
direqtorma maswavleblebs arCevnebis procedura?
Tqveni azriT, sameurveo sabWos Sexvedrebze kenWisyris
procedura demokratiulia da direqtori ar marTavs sabWos 64 23 13 229
avtoritarulad?
arian Tqveni skolis sameurveo sabWoSi arasakmarisad aqtiuri
33 54 12 231
wevrebi?
41. Tqveni azriT, ra warmoadgens sameurveo sabWos wevrebis pasiurobis mizezs?
Zalian komunikaciis problema

ar Sors transportis
dakavebulebi (ver axerxeben
ainteresebT cxovroben xarjebi ar vici
arian dakavSirebas telefonis,
internetis da a.S gamo
21 17 4 4 2 52 305
42. romel sagnebs aswavliT?
humanitarul
socialur sainformacio
sagnebs
sabunebismetyvelo maTematikas mecnierebebs teqaralogiebs dawyebiT
(istoria,
sagnebs an enebs / kompiuterebi klasebs
literatura,
xelovneba)
18 10 36 15 4 23 712*
*SeniSvna: procesirebis dros cdomilebis gamo, srulyofili Sedegebi araa xelmisawvdomi

yvela maswavlebelTan mimarTebaSi.
232
43. gTxovT miuTiToT Tqveni sqesi
mamrobiTi mdedrobiTi
16 84 1283
danarTi g: sixSireebi maswavlebelTa kiTxvarze 2 – SekiTxvebi

romelic ar aris wamodgenili danarTSi b
6. 2005
wlis Semdeg Tqvens klasSi an klasebSi moswavleebis saSualo raodenoba
gaizarda/ Semcirda/ Tu igive darCa?
gaizarda Semcirda zogierT klasSi gaizarda da

igive darCa zogierTSi Semcirda
22 46 17 15 709
7.Tu Tqvens klasSi moswavleebis saSualo raodearaba Seicvala, iqonia aman raime
gavlena moswavleebis swavlaze?
moswavleebis
klasis sidide swavlis
gauaresda ar Secvlila
ar Secvlila xarisxi
gaumjobesda
25 13 16 47 680
8. moswavleebi klasebSi gadanawilebulni arian maTi moswrebis mixedviT?

diax ara ar vici
8 86 6 701
9. Seicvala ukeTesobisken Tqveni moswavleebis yofaqceva?
gauaresda igive darCa gaumjobesda

40 18 42 712
10 moswavleebis ramdeni klasgareSe wre an klubi arsebobs Tqvens skolaSi?
ar vici arc erTi 1—4 5—10 10 da meti

19 15 52 14 0 699

233
rogor fiqrobT, Tqveni skolis moswavleebis saSualod ra raodenoba ver axerxebs
11.
skolaSi mosvlas wvimian an Tovlian aminidSi?
Zalian cota cota mniSvnelovani nawili

48 40 12 712
12. Tqveni azriT, daaxloebiT ramdeni ujdeba weliwadSi erT moswavles kerZo
gakveTilebis miReba
saSualo larSi
593.6572 291
13.am wels ramdenjer moaxerxeT mSoblebis umetes nawilTan Sexvedra moswavleebis

akademiur moswrebasa Tu problemebze sasaubrod?
am wels verc
erTxel or-samjer metjer
erTxel
3 5 39 53 708
14. gTxovT miuTiTeT ramdenad eTanxmebiT, an ar eTanxmebiT TiToeul mosazrebas
sruliad
sruliad ar
veTanxmebi ar
veTanxmebi
moswavleTa codnis done gaizarda
36 51 7 6 692
bolo 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi
me momwons Cemi profesia 1 43 56 0 695
Cveni skolis maswavleblebi iReben
pedagogiur treinings, romelic maT
6 54 37 2 697
sWirdebaT swavlebis da swavlis
xarisxis gaumjobesebis mizniT
234
15.aRniSneT Sesabamisi grafa, Tu Tqveni direqtori gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas
Sesabamis konsultaciebs / ganxilvebs awarmoebs skolis pedagogiur koleqtivTan.
diax ara n
skolisaTvis damatebiTi finansuri resursebis
mosapoveblad nabijebis dagegmva da 78 22 659
ganxorcieleba
finansuri resursebis gamoyenebis gzebi 79 20 637
maswavlebelTa Soris sagnebis da klasebis

93 7 682
ganawileba
saswavlo sagnebisaTvis literaturis da
88 12 668
damxmare saxelmZRvaneloebis SerCeva
maswavleblebis profesiuli ganviTareba
94 6 689
(seminarebze, treningebze daswreba)
adgilobriv sazogadoebasTan TanamSromloba 86 11 656
16.aris Tqvens skolaSi maswavlebelTa jgufebi, an sagnobrivi kaTedrebi, romlebic

muSaoben skolis programaSi cvlilebebis Setanaze axali saswavlo programis
Sesabamisad.
diax ara ar vici
75 16 9 698
17. iyenebT Tu ara kompiuters skolis gareT?
diax ara
35 65 688
18. ramdenad xSirad SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT kompiuterebi skolaSi?
TveSi ufro
weliwadSi erTxel xSirad
arasdros
erTxel an ufro vidre TveSi
iSviaTad erTxel
skolis kompiuterul laboratoriaSi
42 8 18 33 609
arsebuli kompiuterebi
skolaSi arsebuli interneti 70 6 9 14 527

235
19 gyavT skolaSi informaciuli menejeri?
diax ara ar vici
46 53 1 651
20 risTvis da ramdenad xSirad da ra SemTxvevaSi mimarTavT kompiuteruli teqnikis

gamoyenebas skolaSi?
TveSi metjer
weliwadSi erTxel vidre
arasdros
erTxel an ufro TveSi
iSviaTad erTxel
iyenebT skolaSi arsebul kompiuters,
an internets, rogorc gakveTilis
procesis erTerT Semadgenel 70 5 17 9 619
komponents
kompiuteris gamoyenebiT beWdavT
saswavlo masalebs 57 7 18 18 616
kompiuteris daxmarebiT adgenT testebs

da davalebebs moswavleebisaTvis. 58 5 21 16 618
sargeblobT eleqtronuli fostiT

profesiuli miznebisaTvis 83 4 9 4 598
iyenebT kompiuters an internets

swavlebisaTvis saWiro masalebis 66 6 14 14 609
mosapoveblad?
aZlevdiT davalebas moswavleebs,
romlis Sesasruleblad maT 74 4 14 8 605
kompiuteris gamoyeneba sWirdebodaT?
21 ra uSlis xels saswavlo praqtikaSi kompiuterebis gamoyenebas?
diax ara
kompiuteruli oTaxebis araxelmisawvdomoba 48 52 517
skolaSi internetis ar arseboba, an dabali siCqare 62 38 522
moswavleebisaTvis kompiuterebis simcire 67 33 490
kargad ar flobT kompiuteris moxmarebis wesebs 63 37 511

skolaSi informaciuli menejeri ver axerxebs
saTanado mxardaWeras Tvens saswavlo programis 49 51 442
momzadebasa da gakveTilis procesSi
kompiuteruli teqaralogiiT swavleba Tqveni
44 56 451
sagnis specifikas ar Seesabameba
kompiuterebi Zalian Zvelia 22 78 416
kompiuteruli programebi araSesabamisia, an ar

32 68 409
muSaobs gamarTulad.
skolaSi ar aris printerebi an garkveuli
56 44 486
mizezebis gamo ar migiwvdebaT xeli
236
22.im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gavlili gaqvT treiningebi ìrmis naxtomis~ farglebSi, gTxovT,
upasuxoT Semdeg or SekiTxvas.
diax ara
gaumjobesda Tqveni swavlebis da swavlis procesi irmis
65 35 414
naxtomis proeqtis farglebSi monawileobis Sedegad?
iRebT aqtiur monawileobas ,,irmis naxtomis” mier
45 55 405
gamocxadebul konkursebSi?
23.ramdenad gaumjobesda Tqveni swavlis da swavlebis procesi irmis naxtomSi

monawileobis Semdeg?
mcired saSualod Zalian gaumjobesda
14 28 58 384
24. rogor SeafasebT Tqvens mier internetSi saganmanaTleblo masalebis moZiebis unars?
arc ise kargi saSualo Zalian kargi
14 36 49 443
25.Tqveni skola SeuerTda romelime sxva skolas Tqveni samuSao praqtikis

ganmavlobaSi? (mocemul kiTxvaze dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, gTxovT upasuxeT mis
Semdeg warmodgenil kiTxvebs. uaryofiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, gadadiT # 33 kiTxvaze.)
diax ara ar vici
21 74 04 501
26.skolebis Searabebis konsolidacia ganxorcielda, Tu mxolod adminimumiistraciuli

nawilis?
adminimumiistraciuli
Searabis konsolidacia orive
nawilis konsolidacia
19 47 33 202
27. skolebis konsolidaciis Semdeg mogixdaT Tu ara sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvla?
diax ara
5 95 248

237
28.giwevT Tu ara ufro meti manZilis gavla samsaxurSi misvlisas vidre
konsolidaciamde gadiodiT?
bevrad meti umniSvnelod meti igive

8 7 86 216
29. mTliaarabaSigaumjobesda Tqveni sacxovrebeli pirobebi konsolidaciis gamo

sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvlis Sedegad? (ukeTesi saxli, eleqtroenergia, wyali,
gaTboba da a.S)
ar momiwia naklebad
araferi
sacxovrebeli gaumjebesda ukeTesia
Secvlila
adgilis Secvla
49 5 3 43 216
30. rogor fiqrobT, mTlianobaSi konsolidaciis Sedegad saswavlo garemo (saswavlo

masalebi, skolis aRWurva, moswavleebis damatebiTi saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli
samuSaoebi, a.S) Tqvens skolaSi gauaresda, Tu gaumjobesda?
Zalian gaumjobesda gaumjobesda gauaresda Zalian gauaresda
6 68 25 0 189
31 Seicvala Tqveni klasebis saSualo sidide skolebis konsolidaciis Sedegad?
saSualod klasebi saSualod klasebi

ar Seicvala ar maqvs pasuxi
mcire zomisaa ufro didia
66 5 14 15 203
32.Tqveni azriT, konsolidaciis Sedegad klasSi moswavleTa raodenobis gazrdam

moswavleebis swavlaze uaryofiTi gavlena iqonia? (mag. moswavleebi naklebad
monawileoben sagakveTilo procesSi, naklebad yuradRebianebi arian, naklebad aqvT
saSualeba dasvan SekiTxvebi)?
umniSvnelod ar aqvs uaryofiTi

Zalian uaryofiTi
uaryofiTi gavlena
15 29 55 185
mTlianobaSi rogor Sefasebas aZlevT skolebis decentralizaciis process/

33.
skolisaTvis meti avtonomiis miniWebas?
Zalian dadebiTad dadebiTad uaryofiTad Zalian uaryofiTad
19 70 9 0 686
238
34.skolis marTvis gaumjobesebis mizniT agrovebs Tqveni skola damatebiT informacias
(informacia moswavleebis problemebze, akademiur moswrebaze, daswrebaze, saswavlo
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul damatebiT samuSaoebze, maswavleblebis kvalifikaciebze)?
diax ara ar vici
83 05 12 702
35.arsebobs Tqvens skolaSi maswavleblebisaTvis skolis administarciis mier

informaciis miwodebis oficialuri da regularuli procedura, (mag: maswavleblebis
yovelkvireuli Sexvedrebi da a.S)?
diax ara
81 19 696
36.arsebobs Tqvens skolaSi mSoblebisaTvis skolis administraciis mier informaciis

miwodebis oficialuri da regularuli procedura (mag: mSoblebis yovelTviuri
Sexvedrebi da a.S)?
diax ara
81 19 693
37.eTanxmebiT Tu ara mosazrebas, rom Tqvens skolaSi maswavleblebs SesaZlebloba

aqvT gamoxaton TavianTi mosazrebebi skolis marTvasTan dakavSirebiT?
sruliad veTanxmebi nawilobriv veTanxmebi ar veTanxmebi n
60 34 7 703
38. gTxovT, upasuxeT Semdeg kiTxvebs:
diax ara ar vici
Aaqvs Tqven skolas strategiuli gegma

80 4 16 685
da miznebi Camoyalibebuli?
Aaqvs Tqvens skolas samoqmedo gegma,
romelic dafuZnebulia skolis gegmebsa 83 4 14 681
da miznebze.
skolis administraciul personals
(direqtori, sameurveo sabWo) rolebi
81 5 14 681
da pasuxismgeblobebi naTlad aqvT
ganawilebuli?
39.xarT skolis sameurveo sabWos wevri? (mocemul kiTxvaze uaryofiTi pasuxis

SemTxvevaSi gadadiT # 42 kiTxvaze)
diax ara
12 88 575

239
40. gTxovT, upasuxoT mocemul SekiTxvebs, Tu brZandebiT sameurveo sabWos wevri:
diax ara ar vici

TqvenTvis naTelia ra ufleba-movaleobebi gaqvT,
77 18 6 238
rogorc sameurveo sabWos wevrs?
sameurveo sabWo kenWsyris safuZvelze iRebs
81 10 10 231
gadawyvetilebas?
Tqveni azriT sameurveo sabWos Sexvedrebis
sixSire sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyos 57 30 13 233
skolis efeqturi marTva?
CagitardaT Tu ara treiningebi, sameurveo
51 45 3 232
sabWos muSaobis Sesaxeb?
amomwuravi iyo is treiningebi? 38 43 19 195
sameurveo sabWos wevrebis arCevnebamde naTlad
gaacara Tu ar direqtorma maswavleblebs 87 6 6 233
arCevnebis procedura?
Tqveni azriT, sameurveo sabWos Sexvedrebze
kenWisyris procedura demokratiulia da 64 23 13 229
direqtori ar marTavs sabWos avtoritarulad?
arian Tqveni skolis sameurveo sabWoSi pasiuri
33 54 12 231
wevrebi?
3. Tqveni azriT, ra warmoadgens sameurveo sabWos wevrebis pasiurobis mizezs?
Zalian
ar Sors komunikaciis transportis
dakavebulebi ar vici
ainteresebT cxovroben problema xarjebi
arian
42. gTxovT, yvelam upasuxeT Semdeg SekiTxvebs
diax ara ar vici

decentralizaciis Semdeg met monawileobas
iRebT sabWoebisa da komitetebis muSaobaSi 39 44 18 571
vidre decentalizaciamde iRebdiT?
Tqveni azriT direqtorebis arCevis axali
48 30 22 659
procedura samarTliani da gamWvirvalea?
Tqveni azriT, direqtorebis arCevis axali
46 29 24 649
procedura efeqturia?
Tqveni azriT aris Tu ara Tqveni regionis
saganmanaTleblo resurs centri sakmarisad
aqtiuri imisaTvis, rom xeli Seuwyos skolis 51 25 24 662
marTvas da maswavleblebis profesiul
ganviTarebas?
Tqveni azriT, regionis saganmanaTleblo resurs
centris TanamSromlebs sakmarisi unarebi da
codna gaaCniaT imisaTvis, rom xeli Seuwyon 53 16 31 646
skolis marTvas da maswavleblebis profesiul
ganviTarebas?
240
43.Tqveni azriT, Tqveni resurs centri aris sakmarisad aRWurvili imisaTvis, rom
uzrunvelyos Tqveni skolis maswavlebelTa saWiroebebi (laboratoriebi, saswavlo
masalebi, kompiuterebi)?
diax ara nawilobriv ar vici
15 28 34 24 696
ra saxis daxmareba gagiwiaT saganmanaTleblo resurs centrma piradad Tqven

44.
profesiul ganviTarebaSi? (SesaZlebelia ramdenime pasuxi)
aranairi
swavlebis saswavlo masalebis profesiuli
treningebi sxva n
meTodologia gaumjobeseba daxmareba ar
gauwevia
45.Tqveni azriT saganmanaTleblo resurs centri ufro gexmarebaT vidre gamgeobis

ganaTlebis ganyofileba gvexmareboda?
bevrad
bevrad metad metad aranairi naklebad saerTod ar
naklebad
mexmareba gvexmareba gansxvaveba gvexmareba gvexmareba
gvexmareba
18 29 29 14 3 6 666
danarTi d: sixSireebi direqtorTa kiTxvarebisaTvis
03. skolis adgilmdebareoba?
urbanuli soflis maRalmTiani
29 43 28 105
04. ramdeni maswavlebelia Tqvens skolaSi?
saSualo minimumi maqsimumi standarTuli gadaxra
35 8 131 29 106
05. ramdeni moswavlea Tqvens skolaSi?
saSualo minimumi maqsimumi standartuli gadaxra
298 13 1854 376 106
06. ramdeni administraciuli personalia Tqvens skolaSi?
4 1 12 1.5 105

241
07. konsolidirebulia Tqveni skola?
diax ara
19 81 106
09. aRniSnuli fizikur, Tu administraciul konsolidacias warmoadgenda?
fizikuri administraciuli
23 74 29
3. iRebs Tqveni skola mcirekontigentiani skolis subsidias?
fizikuri administraciuli
31 69 106
4. aris Tu ara Tqvens skolaSi biblioTeka, an oTaxi, sadac wignebi da saswavlo masalebi inaxeba?
diax ara
95 5 106
5. aris Tu ara Tqvens skolaSi sportuli darbazi?
diax ara
62 38 105
8. mogawodesTu ara Tu ara informacia skolis marTvis procesSi Tqveni axali funqciebisa
da movaleobebis Sesaxeb?
diax ara
93 7 103
9. rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad gesmiT, rogor Seicvala Tqveni funqciebi da movaleobebi?
sruliad nawilobriv ara ar vici
45 50 0 5 105
Tqven da skolis administraciis sxva warmomadgenlebs CagitardaT treningebi axali

10.
funqciebis Sesasruleblad saWiro codnisa da unar-Cvevebis misaRebad?
diax ara
47 53 104
242
11. Tqveni azriT, aris direqtorebis arCevis axali procedura samarTliani da gamWirvale?
diax ara
88 12 103
rogor fiqrobT, direqtorebis gamocdisa da arCevis axali procedura ufro efeqturia

12.
skolis ukeTesi marTvisaTvis vidre Zveli sistema (direqtorebis daniSvna)?
ar
diax ara
gansxvavdeba
89 7 4 102
miawoda Tu ara skolam sameurveo sabWos wevrebs oficialuri informacia sabWos

13.
funqciebisa da uflebamosilebebis Sesaxeb?
diax ara
99 1 105
14. gaiares Tqveni skolis sameurveo sabWos wevrebma treningebis kursi?
diax ara
60 40 104
Tu CautardaT, rogor fiqrobT, momzadebis Sedegad SeZles maT meti wvlili

14b.
SeetanaT skolis efeqturad marTvaSi?
diax ara
91 9 58
15. Tqveni azriT sameurveo sabWos arCevnebi samarTlianad Catarda?
diax ara
99 1 106
16. SegeqmnaT Tu ara rame problemebi sameurveo sabWos arCevnebis

Catarebisas?
diax ara
3 97 106
17.ramdeni gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli skolaSi sameurveo sabWos mier kenWisyris

meSveobiT mimdinare akademiur wels?
saSualo minimumi maqsimumi standarTuli gadaxra
5.4 0 18 3.4 89

243
18. sameurveo
sabWos Sexvedrebze kenWisyra zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSi
dadgenili wesiT tardeba?
diax ara
99 1 103
sameurveo sabWos ramdeni Sexvedra Catarda Tqvens skolaSi weliwadSi mimdinare akdemiur
19.
wels?
4.7 0 15 2.5 98
21.ramdenad xSirad ayenebs samurveo sabWo iniciativebs saswavlo procesis gaumjobesebasTan

dakavSirebiT?
xSirad zogjer iSviaTad arasdros
42 44 14 1 103
22. Tqveni
skolis sameurveo sabWos romelime wevri arasakmarisad aqtiurad aris CarTuli
sabWos saqmianobaSi?
diax ara
40 60 104
22 a Tu ki, Tqveni azriT, ras SeeZlo gamoewvia es?
komunikaciis problema
ar Zalian (ver axerxeben
Sors transportis
ainteresebT dakavebulebi dakavSirebas telefonis,
cxovroben xarjebi
arian internetis da a.S
uqonlobis gamo)
11 23 4 2 2 106
23. sameurveo sabWoSi Seqmnilia Tu ara qve-komitetebi an sabWoebi?
diax ara
56 44 104
24. aris Tqveni skolis sameurveo sabWoSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgeneli?
diax ara
29 72 106
244
25.ramdenma mSobelma waradgina sakuTari kandidatura sameurveo sabWos arCevnebSi? (Tu es
informacia ara gaqvT, hkiTxeT sxva TanamSromels)
8 3 35 4.3 98
26. ramdeni mSobelia sameurveo sabWos SemadgenlobaSi?
saSualo minimumi maqsimumi standaruli gadaxra
4 3 6 1.2 105
27. ramdenma mSobelma miiRo monawileoba sameurveo sabWoebis arCevnebSi?
149 3 1300 234 96
28.rogor fiqrobT, mSoblebi ganaTlebis reformis gatarebis Semdeg ukeT arian

informirebuli moswavleTa akademiuri warmatebebisa da problemebis Sesaxeb?
gacilebiT garkveulwilad
iseve rogorc, adre uaresad
ukeT ukeT
42 40 14 3 106
29. arsebobs Tu ara Tqvens skolaSi dadgenili procedura mSoblebisaTvis moswavleTa

akademiuri moswrebis Sesaxeb informaciis regularulad misawodeblad?
diax ara
95 5 104
30. arsebobs Tu ara Tqvens skolaSi dadgenili procedura mSoblebisaTvis skolis marTvis
Sesaxeb informaciis regularulad misawodeblad?
diax ara
73 27 96
31. grovdeba Tu ara Tqvens skolaSi sistematurad Semdegi saxis informacia da monacemebi:
moswavleTa moswavleTa moswavleTa

moswavleTa maswavlebelTa
akademiuri gakveTilebze klasgareSe sxva
problemebi kvalifikacia
moswreba daswreba saqianoba
98 95 76 67 63 106
32. arsebobs Tu ara Tqvens skolaSi kanoniT gansazRvruli komitetebisa da

sabWoebis garda, sxva komitetebi da sabWoebi?
diax ara
2 98 103

245
33.ramdeni iyo Tqveni skolis mTliani danaxarji bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi
qvemoT mocemuli kategriebis mixedviT? (am SekiTxvas ar upasuxoT, Tu Tqveni skola
konsolidirebulia)
weli 2004 2005 2006
maswavleblis xelfasi 40,000 38,540 52,817

administraciuli
personalis xelfasebi 6,815 7,221 14,804
komunaluri xarjebi 2,535 2,769 2,869

kapitaluri xarjebi 515 937 2,199
sxva 6,212 5,223 7,742
34.Tqvens skolaSi regularulad grovdeba buRaltruli informacia da monacemebi,

romlebic dagexmarebaT Tqven da skolis administraciis sxva warmomadgenlebs saWiro
gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi?
diax ara
97 3 103
35. gaqvT Tu ara buRaltruli monacemebi da informacia eleqtronuli saxiT?
diax ara
13 87 103
37. rogor awvdiT informacias skolis biujetis Sesaxeb maswavleblebsa da mSoblebs?

(SesaZlebelia ramdenime pasuxi)
mSobelTa kreba werilebi kedlis gazeTi ped. sabWo sxva

80 10 21 81 20 106
38. gyavTTu ara skolaSi buRaltrul aRricxvaze da saqmiswarmoebaze pasuxismgebeli

TanamSromeli?
diax ara
94 6 106
39. aqvs Tu ara skolas am miznebze dafuZnebuli yovelwliuri samoqmedo gegma?

diax ara
98 2 105
246
40. aqvs Tu ara Tqvens skolas sakuTari strategiuli gegma da miznebi?
diax ara
95 5 105
41. aris
Tu ara skolaSi TanamSromeli, romelic pasuxismgebelia skolis fizikur
eqspluataciasa da Senaxvaze?
diax ara
81 19 103
42. aris Tu ara skolaSi kadrebis marTvis specialisti?
diax ara
14 86 103
43. aqvs Tu ara Tqvens skolas saskolo avtobusi an moswavleTa transportirebis

sxva saSualeba?
diax ara
6 94 105
43a. Tuki gaqvT, iyenebT Tu ara mas?
diax ara
79 21 14
43b. Tu iyenebT, romeli wyarodan finansdeba misi eqspluataciis xarjebi?
finansdeba finansdeba adgilobrivi

sxva
mSoblebis mier mTavrobis mier
44. arianTqvens skolaSi iseTi moswavleebi, romlebsac aqvs gakveTilebze dabali an

araregularuli daswreba skolaSi transportirebasTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebis gamo? Tu
arian, ramdeni?
diax ara
20 80 94
44a. arianTqvens skolaSi iseTi moswavleebi, romlebsac aqvs gakveTilebze dabali an

araregularuli daswreba skolaSi transportirebasTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebis gamo? Tu
arian, ramdeni?
15.3 3 100 23.6 16

247
45. TkveniazriT, sxva skolasTan konsolidacia daexmareba Tqvens skolas aRWurvilobis,
adamianuir resursebiT da swavlis xarisxis zrdis mxriv?
diax ara
21 79 91
46. aris romelime skola, romelTanac gsurT konsolidacia?
diax ara
9 91 97
47. kargad gesmiT, ra institucionaluri roli aqvs resurs centrebs skolebis

mxardaWeris TvalsazrisiT?
diax met-naklebad ara
94 6 0 104
48. zogadad resurscentrisagan ufro met mxardaWeras iRebT, vidre Zveli gamgeobis
ganaTlebis ganyofilebebisagan?
gacilebiT aranair
mets igives naklebs naklebs
naklebs mxardaWeras
85 12 0 3 0 0 104
49.skolis marTvasTan dakavSirebul romel sakiTxebSi gexmarebaT/gamzadebT saganmanaTleblo

resurscentri (SesaZlebelia ramdenime pasuxi)
sxva
buRalteria monacemTa marTva biurokratiuli aranairi daxmareba
procedurebi
76 78 35 2 106
50. saswavlo garemos gaumjobesebasTan dakavSirebul romel sakiTxebSi gexmarebaT/gamzadebT

saganmanaTleblo resurscentri (SesaZlebelia ramdenime pasuxi)?
maswavlebelTa profesiuli erovnuli saswavlo saswavlo masalebiT

ganviTareba gegmis danergva uzrunvelyofa
68 80 42 106
51.rogor fiqrobT, Tqveni resurs centri saTanadod aris aRWurvili imisaTvis, rom xeli
Seuwyos maswavleblebis profesiul ganviTarebas (magaliTad, laboratoriebi, saswavlo
masalebi, kompiuterebi)?
saTanadod saSualod arasaTanadod cudad
30 51 15 5 102
248
52. rogor fiqrobT, Tqveni regionis saganmanaTleblo resurscentri sakmaod aqtiuria da
SeZlebs, xeli Seuwyos skolebs marTvaSi da maswavleblebs profesiul ganviTarebaSi?
diax ara
97 3 102
53. rogor fiqrobT, Tqveni regionis saganmanaTleblo resurscentris TanamSromlebs

aqvT saTanado unar-Cvevebi da codna imisaTvis, rom xeli Seuwyon skolebs marTvaSi da
maswavleblebs profesiul ganviTarebaSi?
diax ara
99 1 102
iciT Tu ara, ra tipis informacia, rodis da rogor unda miawodos Tqvenma skolam
54.
resurs centrs?
diax ara
99 0 105
55. droulad iTxovs resurscentri saWiro informacias skolebidan?
diax ara
99 0 103
56. mimdinare
akademiuri wlis ganmavlobaSi ramdenjer miawodeT resurscentrs statistikuri
da sabuRaltro monacemebi Tqveni skolis Sesaxeb?
5.8 2 30 4.9 73
57. resurscentri dagexmaraT, mogamzadaT an konsultaciebi gagiwiaT skolis buRalteriis

marTvasTan dakavSirebiT? (Tu informacia ara gaqvT, hkiTxeT buRalters)
diax ara
91 9 99
59. gqoniaT Tu ara sirTuleebi resurscentrisaTvis monacemebis miwodebis dros?
diax ara
9 91 104
66. iyoTu ara Tqvens skolaSi biblioTeka, an oTaxi, sadac wignebi da saswavlo masalebi
inaxeboda?
diax ara
94 6 24
249
67. iyo Tu ara aris Tu ara Tqvens skolaSi sportuli darbazi?
diax ara
81 19 24
68. iyo Tu ara Tqvens skolaSi samecniero laboratoria?
diax ara
19 81 22
69. rogor Seicvala Tqvens skolaSi materialuri resursebis raodenoba konsolidaciis Semdeg?
(daamateT sakuTari variantebi)
axla
axla metia igivea
naklebia
wignebi biblioTekaSi 72 28 0 20
laboratoriuli aRWurviloba 9 91 0 18
sportuli inventari 19 81 0 18
71. amJamad ramdeni maswavlebeli aswavlis skolaSi ara sakuTari specialobiT? (miuTiTeT
raodenoba)
standartuli
saSualo minimumi maqsimumi
gadaxra
7.6 0 74 16 20
72. ramdeni maswavlebeli aswavlida sagnebs ara sakuTari specialobiT TiToeul skolaSi
konsolidaciamde? (Tu ara iciT, hkiTxeT asistents)
standartuli
gadaxra
skola 1 2.1 0 8 2.5 17
skola 2 0.8 0 4 1.2 17
skola 3 0.3 0 2 0.6 17
73.konsolidaciis Sedegad Tqveni skolidan, an im skolidan , romelic miuerTda Tqvens

skolas, gaaTavisufles, Tu ara maswavleblebi?
diax ara
27 73 20
74. ramdenad Seicvala maswavleblebis samuSao datvirTva skolebis konsolidaciis Semdeg?
mniSvnelovnad mniSvnelovnad
Semcirda ar Secvlila gaizarda
Semcirda gaizarda
49 40 8 3 0 21
250
75. rogorfiqrobT, vauCeruli dafinansebis Taviseburebis gaTvaliswinebiT iyo Tu ara Tqveni
skolis konsolidacia kargi gadawyvetileba?
konsolidacia
vauCeruli
diax ara pasuxi ar maqvs
dafinansebis
SemoRebamde moxda
49 40 8 3 22
76. Tqveni azriT, klasebSi moswavleTa raodenobis zrda uaryofiTad moqmedebs swavlebis
xarisxze?
Zalian garkveulwilad ar axdens garkveulwilad
Zalian dadebiTad
uaryofiTad uaryofiTad gavlenas dadebiTad
15 54 24 0 9 22
77. konsolidaciis Semdeg Tqvens skolaSi ufro meti klasgareSe programebia moswavleebisaTvis
(mag. kompiuteruli swavlebis kursebi, sportuli wreebi da a.S.)?
igive raodenobis naklebi raodenobis

meti raodenobis programebia
programebia programebia
54 46 0 18
79. Tqveni
azriT konsolidaciis Semdeg gaizarda TanamSromlobis xarisxi mSoblebsa da
skolas Soris?
gaizarda ar Secvlila Semcirda
33 67 0 23
80.rogor fiqrobT, vauCeruli dafinansebis Taviseburebis gaTvaliswinebiT iyo Tu ara Tqveni

skolis konsolidacia kargi gadawyvetileba?
diax ara
10 90 23
81. TqveniazriT, konsolidaciis Semdeg rogor Seicvala Tqvens skolaSi Semdegi komponentebis
xarisxi? (SegiZliaT daamatoT sakuTari variantebi)
gaumjobesda igive darCa gauaresda
skolis marTva 73 27 0 20
saswavlo garemo 75 25 0 21
finansuri efeqturoba 46 26 28 20
fizikuri resursebi 40 53 7 19
kadrebi 42 37 21 19

251
82. TqvenTvis naTelia, rogor gamoiTvleba Tqveni skolisaTvis vauCerebis moculoba?
diax ara
95 5 102
83. rogorfiqrobT, vauCeruli dafinanseba moqnili sistemaa? gaZlevT saSualebas, Tanxebi

skolis saWiroebebis mixedviT gadaanawiloT?
diax ara
78 22 102
84.Rebulobs Tqveni skola TqvenTvis gamoyofili vauCeruli dafinansebis 100% am sistemis

SemoRebis dRidan?
diax ara
97 3 102
85. Tqveni
skola droulad/dayovnebis gareSe iRebs vauCerul dafinansebas sistemis
SemoRebis dRidan?
diax ara
96 4 102
86. axali sistemis SemoRebis dRidan, Tqveni skola TanamSromlebze xelfasebs yovelTviurad
gascems?
diax ara
96 4 103
87.rogor fiqrobT, Tqveni skolis finansuri mdgomareoba gaumjobesda dafinansebis axali

sistemis SemoRebis Semdeg (vauCerul dafinansebas + mcirekontigentiani skolebisaTvis
gankuTvnili subsidiebi)?
mniSvnelovnad cotaTi aranairad ar

gaumjobesda gauaresda
gaumjobesda gaumjobesda gaumjobesebula
11 31 21 30 7 31
88.ramdenad faravs skolis biujeti (vauCeruli dafinanseba + skolis mcire subsidiebi

+ Tanxebi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobidan) skolis Senoba-nagebobebis Senaxvis mimdinare
xarjebs?
umetes nawils daaxloebiT saerTod ar

mTlianad faravs mcire nawils faravs
faravs naxevars faravs faravs
24 23 5 31 18 67
252
89.arsebuli finansuri resursebi gamoyenebiT (maT Soris vauCeruli dafinanseba, mcire
skolis subsidiebi, Tanxebi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobidan, mSobelTa/Temis wvlili, iakob
gogebaSvili, donorebi), ra saxis saremonto samuSaoebi Cautarda skolas?
daaxloebiT
mTlianad umetesi nawili mcire nawili saerTod ar
naxevari
gavaremonteT gavaremonteT gavaremonteT gagviremontebia
gavaremonteT
12 8 9 38 33 82
90. skolisaTvisgamoyofili Tanxebis garda, bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi Tu moiZia Tqvenma
skolam dafinansebis sxva wyaro?
diax ara
40 60 92
90a. Tu moiZia, ramdenjer SeitaneT ganacxadi Tanxebis mopovebis mizniT

standartuli
gadaxra
3.6 1 10 2.1 35
90b. ramdenjer moipoveT Tanxebi?
standartuli
gadaxra
2 0 5 1.4 36
90g. g. vis mimarTeT dafinansebis mosapoveblad (SesaZlebelia ramdenime pasuxi)
adgilobrivi donori
kerZo kompania an moswavleTa
TviTmmarTvelobis arasamTavrobo sxva
piri mSoblebi
organo organizacia
24 12 6 5 5 106
91.Tqveni skolis ramdeni maswavlebeli eweva sxva saqmianobas damatebiTi Semosavlis miRebis
mizniT?
75%-ze meti 50-75% 25-50% 25%-naklebi
16 9 3 72 81
92.ramdenad xSirad utareben maswavleblebi kerZo gakveTilebs im moswavleebs, romlebsac

skolaSi aswavlian?
Zalian
iSviaTad xSirad Zalian xSirad
iSviaTad
45 35 13 7 83

253
93. uxdis Tu ara Tqveni skola maswavleblebs xelfasze premialur danamats?
diax ara
37 63 102
93a. Tu uxdis, vin iRebs monawileobas am gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi? (SesaZlebelia

ramdenime pasuxi)
sagarabrivi administraciuli
pedagogiuri sabWo sameurveo sabWo
kaTedra personali
24 9 35 24 106
93b. ra aris premialuri danamatis maqsimaluri odenoba?
1-5% 6-10% 11-20% M20%-ze meti
26 11 19 44 40
93g. rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad zrdis premia maswavleblebis motivacias?
Zalian saSualod mcired ar zrdis
68 29 1 2 46
94. axali
maswavleblis samsaxurSi miRebisas arsebobs Tu ara misi kvalifikaciebisa da
gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT kandidaturis ganxilvis procedura?
diax ara
90 5 106
94a. Tu aqvs, vin iRebs monawileobas ganxilvis procesSi? (SesaZlebelia

ramdenime pasuxi
dureqtorTa
direqtori sameurveo sabWo pedagogiuri sabWo
sabWoebi
75 36 62 34 106
95. yvela
maswavleblis xelfasi daTvlilia maswavleblebis xelfasis modelis
gaTvaliswinebiT?
diax ara
98 2 106
254
96. ramdenma
TanamSromelma datova skola bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi?
(miuTiTeT raodenobebi)
standartuli
gadaxra
2006/2007 1.5 0 14 2.4 75
2005/2006 1.5 0 15 2.8 80
2004/2005 1.8 0 9 2.2 73
97. axali
sistemis SemoRebis Semdeg, rogor Seicvala im maswavleblebis raodenoba,
romlebic skolidan wasvlis mizezad xelfass asaxeleben?
gaizarda ar Secvlila Semcirda
2 82 16 85
98. yvelazemetad ram ganapiroba TanamSromlebis skolidan wasvla mimdinare akademiuri

wlis ganmavlobaSi?
sxva
ojaxurma pensiaSi samsaxuridan
xelfasma qorwinebam samsaxurSi
problemebma gasvlam gaTavisuflebam
gadasvlam
8 11 22 25 19 14 106
99. rogor fiqrobT, axali saswavlo gegma upro metad uwyobs xels aqtiuri swavlebis da
SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebas, Tu Zveli?
Zveli da axali axali
Zveli Zveli Zveli
saswavlo gacilebiT
gacilebiT garkveulwilad garkveulwilad
programa metad
metad uwyobda metad uwyobda metad uwyobda
erTnairad uwyobda
xels xels xels
uwyobs xels xels
1 0 0 57 40 106
100. axali
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis farglebSi sTavazobs Tu ara Tqveni skola
moswavleebs sxva skolebisagan gansxvavebul programebs?
diax ara
44 53 106
101. ramdeni klasgareSe wrea Tqvens skolaSi?
0 1-3 4-9 10-ze meti
13 54 26 1 106

255
101a. Tu aris aseTi klasgareSe RonisZiebebi da wreebi, maTze daswreba fasiania
moswavleebisaTvis Tqvens skolaSi?
umniSvnelo zomieri fasi

ufasoa Sesatania aqvs Zviria ar vici
60 6 7 0 0 83
102. maswavlebelTaramdenma procentma gaiara treningi moswavleTa moswarebis SefasebaSi

axali meTodebis gamoyenebiT?
saSualod minimumi maqsimumi standartuli gadaxra
9.8 0.08 70 14.5 92
103. ramdenad daexmara maT es treningi?
Zalian daexmara daexmara ar daexmara
36 60 <1 106
104. rogor Seicvala moswavleTa disciplinasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi bolo wlebSi?
gaizarda igive darCa Semcirda
22 31 45 106
105. ramdenad xSirad acdenen Tqvens skolaSi maswavleblebi gakveTilebs?
Zalian xSirad xSirad iSviaTad arasdros
1 4 92 0 106
256

განათლების სისტემის გარდაქმნისა და განმტკიცების პროექტი &quot;ილია ჭავჭავაძის&quot; შეფასება, 2007

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განათლების სისტემის გარდაქმნისა და განმტკიცების პროექტი &quot;ილია ჭავჭავაძის&quot; შეფასება, 2007

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ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis

proeqti `ilia WavWavaZis~ Sefaseba

2008 © proeqti `ilia WavWavaZe~

kvlevis sxva mniSvnelovani Sedegebi

ZiriTadi mignebebi skolebis socialur da fizikur

ZiriTadi miRwevebi marTvis, finansuri SesaZleblobebis

2.0 kvlevis formati da struqtura 32

4.0 Sedegebi: 170

5. daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi 199

a-1.1 saswavlo garemos reforma: maswavlebelTa treningebi, maswavlebelTa profesiuli

kvlevis Sedegebma gviCvena, rom maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebisa da

kvlevis Sedegebma gamoavlina:

• reformis farglebSi ganxorcilebuli iniciativebis Sedegad moswavle metad

magaliTad, daaxloebiT yvela respodenti maswavlebeli acxadebs, rom aqtiuri

• a-1.2 saswavlo garemosTan dakavSirebuli rekomendaciebi: maswavlebelTa profesiuli

1. treningebi unda daexmaros maswavleblebs, raTa maT gamoiyenon swavlebis

a-1.3 saswavlo garemo: socialuri da fizikuri garemo

sabaziso kvlevebis angariSebi miuTiTebs,rom saqarTvelos mier saxelmwifoebrivi

kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda,rom skolebis biblioTekis programis ganxorcilebis

a-1.3 saswavlo garemos reforma: rekomendaciebi socialuri da fizikuri garemos Sesaxeb

Sefasebis procesSi gamovlenili sirTuleebis da aRmoCenebis safuZvelze, me-5

1. saministrosa da msoflio bankis mier ganxorcielebuli programebi skolebis

a-2.1 mignebebi skolis marTvis da finansuri SesaZleblobebis konteqstSi

saministrom masStaburi sistemuri reforma ganaxorciela zogadsaganmanaTleblo

skolebSi sameurveo sabWoebis institutis CamoyalibebiT, saministrom

• mSoblebis CarTva saskolo cxovrebaSi

mSoblebi axla ufro metad arian dainteresebulni da CarTulni saskolo

• rig skolebSi gamovlinda biujetis da marTvis, informaciis mopovebisa da

aRsaniSnavia,rom Tbilisis #51 da kaxaTis sajaro skolebma sabiujeto sakiTxebis

• dadebiTi ganwyoba saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis mimarT da motivirebuli

saganmanaTleblo resurscentri skolis damxmare organizaciaa, romelic skolis

kvlevisas gamoikveTa Semdegi problemebi:

• direqtorebis,skolis administraciuli kadrebis,sameurveo sabWoebis wevrebisa

sameurveo sabWoebisaTvis Catarebuli treningebis simcire, skolis

• arasakmarisad aqtiuri da momzadebuli sameurveo sabWoebi skolebSi,

sameurveo sabWoebis saqmianoba da miRwevebi skolebis mixedviT gansxvavdeba.

• informaciis gaziarebis/gavrcelebis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi da rig

zogadad, direqtorTa arCevnebis sistemis dadebiTi Sefasebebis miuxedavad,

• mkafiod ar aris gansazRvruli funqciebi da valdebulebebi,rac direqtorebsa

a-2.2 reformebi marTvisa da finansuri SesaZleblobebis

rekomendaciebi marTvis, finansuri SesaZleblobebisa da informaciis mopovebis

1. saministrom saWiroa gansazRvros organizacia, romelic uzrunvelyofs

2. sameurveo sabWoebis regionaluri da erovnuli masStabebis qselebis Seqmna

sxva qveynebis da maT Soris amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis gamocdilebis

3. sameurveo sabWoebis profesiuli donis amaRlebis xelSewyoba

sasurvelia, sameurveo sabWos saqmianobis meti efeqturobis uzrunvelsayofad,

4. skolebis ZiriTadi sirTuleebi 2009-2011 wlebSi dagegmil akreditaciis

vinaidan, damoukidebeli mmarTveli organoebi jer kidev sustia, aucilebelia

a-2.3 reformebi skolebis marTvis da finansuri SesaZleblobebis asamRleblad:

finansur SesaZleblobebisa da resursebTan dakavSirebiT ZiriTadi miRwevebia:

vauCeruli dafinansebis sistemis danergvam gadaWra didi xnis ganmavlobaSi

• vauCeruli dafinansebis sqemis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad gaizarda soflis

vauCeruli dafinansebis sistemam mniSvnelonad gaaumjobesa soflis da

• saxelfaso ganakveTis daangariSebis gamWvirvale sistema

angariSworebis axalma sistemam uzrunvelyo maswavlebelTa saxelfaso

• resursebis ganTavseba skolebis Senaxvisa da reabilitaciisaTvis

kapitaluri saremonto samuSaoebis, magaliTad, saklaso oTaxebis SesakeTeblad,

• maswavleblebisaTvis premiebis daweseba maTi profesiuli unar-Cvevebis

qvemoT warmodgenilia skolebis resursebTan da finansebTan dakavSirebuli

• mcirekontigentiani skolebis mZime finansuri mdgomareoba

mcirekontigentiani skolebis finasuri mdgomareoba kvlavac mZimea. amgvari skolebi,

skolebis konsolidaciis da optimizaciis procesebi farTo masStabebiT xasiaTdeba.

• zustad ar aris gansazRvruli saganmanaTleblo resurscentrebis funqciebi

Tu mocemuli erTeulebis sidides da resursebs gaviTvaliswinebT,

განათლების სისტემის გარდაქმნისა და განმტკიცების პროექტი "ილია ჭავჭავაძის" შეფასება, 2007

განათლების სისტემის გარდაქმნისა და განმტკიცების პროექტი "ილია ჭავჭავაძის" შეფასება, 2007