ALOE VERA

Cas Bridge
Sam Korbe
Lisa Vasicek
General Information

•Member of the lily family.

•240 species of Aloe.
•Aloe Vera, Aloe Barbadensis.
•Succulent, perennial, evergreen.
•Very hardy.
•Native to Africa, but is now widespread.
•It is a bitter herb with a wide range of
medicinal properties.
•It contains over 75 compounds, many of
which are biologically active.
 History
• Known as the “lily of the desert”.
• Considered the “plant of immortality”
by many native peoples.
• Very long history of medical usage…
• 2200 B.C.- Mentioned on Sumerian clay
tablets.
• 1550 B.C.- The Ebers Papyrus states
12 recipes for mixing Aloe with other
agents to treat human disorders.
– Usually the whole leaf was ground
and mixed with another medicinal
agent.
– Used by Cleopatra and Nerfertiti.
 History Continued

• 400 B.C.- Extensively traded in the Near East

and Asia.
• 333 B.C.- The Island of Socotra was captured by Alexander
the Great because of its Aloe supplies.
• 68 A.D.- Dioscorides wrote a detailed description of Aloe
vera and all of its uses.
• 200 A.D.- Aloe vera was an important part of Roman
medicine and became extremely popular in Europe in
the centuries to come.
• 1500 A.D.- Introduced to the New World by the Conquistadors
 Modern History

• First modern medical paper published in

1934.
– Described how the whole leaf was
used to treat radiation dermatitis.
• Many papers published in the 20th century
describing a wide range of medicinal
properties.
• Reports have mainly focused on the
antidiabetic, anticancer, and antimicrobial
properties of the whole leaf, gel, or juice
of the plant.
• Many species of Aloe have been studied.
 10 Main Component Groups of Aloe

• Vitamins • Lignins
– Vitamin D, A, C, E and B12 – Inert except when in
• Enzymes topical treatments
– Lipases, proteases, • Saponins
kinases – 3% of Aloe Vera gel
• Minerals • Fatty Acids
– Ca, Na, K, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, – Cholesterol,
Cr, and Se Campesterol, Sisosterol,
• Sugars and Lupeol
– Mono and poly • Salicyclic acid
saccharides, gluco- – Aspirin-like
mannans • Amino Acids
• Anthraquinones – 20 amino acids
– Most important: Aloin, and
Emodin
 Aloe and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

• Normal: digestive tract

absorbs nutrients into blood
– bacteria helps
breakdown food
• IBS: unabsorbed food coats
the bowel preventing normal
absorption
• Symptoms:Exhaustion,
constipation, diarrhea, and
indigestion
• Colonic Irrigation: loosed
and wash out residues
Aloe and Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Two main types of arthritis

– Osteoarthritis: wear and
tear of life
– Rheumatoid:
autoimmune disease
• Symptoms: stiff, red,
swollen joints
• Traditional treatment: anti-
inflammatory drugs with
steroids
• Aloe helps repair damage
– Mode of Action: stimulate
the Cytokines
– Varying results
 Aloe and Cosmetics

• Added because of known

rejuvenating action
• Mode of Action:
– Polysaccachrides act as
moisturizers
– Stimulates the fibroblasts to
replicate faster
– Smoothes skin because sticks
epidermal cells together which
normally flake
– Interferes with melanin deposit
production which lead to “liver
spots”
 Aloe and Diabetes

• Characterized by hyperglycaemia and alterations of

glucose and lipid metabolism
– Lead to cell damage and elevation of reactive
oxygen species
• Must control blood glucose and lipid levels
• Aloe shown to reduce blood glucose in diabetic rats
 Aloe and Diabetes

Control (mg/dL) Diabetic (mg/dL)

Control + 300mg/kg Aloe vera +600microgram/kg Glibenclamide
Chlosterol 92.6±5.7 228.3±15.1 98.3±8.5 106.2±7.0
Triglycerides 735±5.2 229.3±16.1 79.2±5.2 83.4±5.8
Phospholipids 80.5±5.7 163.8±11.1 85.7±5.8 88.8±6.7
Free fatty acids 58.3±3.6 145.2±10.5 64.7±4.1 66.1±4.6
LDLs 45.1±2.9 139.2±10.3 48.5±3.1 53.4±3.4
HDLs 26.5±1.7 21.3±1.6 23.4±1.5 22.03±1.42

Blood Glucose (mg/dL) Plasma Insulin

Control 85.81 ±5.20 15.86±1.38
Diabetic
Control 332.27 ±20.80 5.12±0.68
+300 mg/kg Aloe vera 96.8±5.30 14.12±1.48
+600microgram/kg Glibenclamide 118.46±6.56 12.52±0.69
 Aloe and Diabetes

• Decrease in blood glucose

due to stimulation of insulin
secretion
• Decrease in cholesterol,
triglycerides, phospholipids,
and free fatty acids from
increased clearance and
decreased transporters
 Anti-Microbial/-Bacterial

• 50% gel leaf solution, complete inhibition of Staphylococcus

aureus
• Due to phenolics
• Efficacy of gel or leaf?
• S. aureus inhibited by both
• Other bacteria inhibited by
just leaf or gel
 Aloe, Antimicrobials, and Wounds

• When aloe is combined

with other anti-microbials,
a wound heals faster than
with the anti-microbial
alone.
• Possibly due to its
moisturizing capability as
well.
Immune Booster?

• Asian practice of ingesting

herbs to support the immune
system
• May have a direct inhibitory
effect on microbes
• Also, selectively modulates
cells of the immune system
 Alveolar Osteitis

• Dry Socket (Wisdom teeth extraction)

• Acemannan Hydrogel (from clear inner gel of aloe vera)
• Normal treatment 7.6% develop AO
• With Acemannan 1.1% develop AO

Normal Dry socket, clot does not

form properly
 Burn Treatment

• Shows increased healing effects on 2nd degree burns

• Anti-inflammation and wound healing promotion
• Vessels return to normal size quicker than with
untreated burns
 Aloe and Cancer

• Aloe-emodin induces apoptosis

in T24 human bladder cancer
cells
• Inhibits cell viability, induces
G2/M arrest
• Mechanism- p53, p21, caspase
activation
• Treat Radiation Symptoms?
 Neuroectodermal Cancer

• Inhibits neuroectodermal tumors in mice.

• Few toxic effects, does not inhibit normal fibroblasts.
• Induces apoptosis and is specific to a tumor energy-
dependent pathway of drug incorporation
 Cancer U-373 Glioma Cells

• Aloe emodin
• Regulation of cell cycle, cell proliferation and protein
kinase C (PKC)
• Inhibits S phase
• Suppresses PKC activity
 Gastric and Colorectal Cancers

• Aloe vera and Aloe

arborescens did not
suppress tumor growth
• Life prolongation up to 32%
in mice
• Dose dependent
 Products

• Gel and latex.

• Gel- leaf pulp or mucilage
obtained from the parenchymal
tissue.
• Latex- bitter, yellow substance
obtained from pericyclic tubules
just beneath the outer skin of the
leaves. (otherwise called ‘Aloe
juice’)
• These terms are often confused
by consumers.
• Using a freshly cut leaf is thought
to be the most effective treatment.
 Summary

1. Dental Health and Hygiene

2. Provides Rapid Soothing
3. Aids in Healthy Digestion
4. Immune Support and Function
5. Regulates Weight and Energy Levels
6. Collagen and Elastin Repair
7. Daily Dose of Minerals
8. Daily Dose of Vitamins
9. Anti-inflammatory Properties
10. Essential Amino Acids
 References

• Agarry, O.O., M.T. Olaleye, and C.O. Bella-Michael. 2005. Comparative antimicrobial activities of Aloe vera gel
and leaf. African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 4 (12):1413-1414.
• Aloe vera and Digestion, Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Arthritis.
http://www.positivehealth.com/Permit/Articles/Aloe%20Vera/aloinf20.htm 11 April 2006.
• Aloe vera: Myth or Medicine? http://www.positivehealth.com/Permit/Articles/Aloe%20Vera/atherton.htm 11 April
2006.
• Joeng, H.Y., J.H. Kim, S.J. Hwang, and D.K. Rhee. 1994. Anticancer effects of Aloe on sarcoma 180 in ICR
mouse and on human cancer cell lines. Coll. Pharmacology, Vol. 38 (3):311-321.
• Kuo, P.L., T.C. Lin, and C.C. Lin. 2002. The antiproliferative activity of aloe-emodin is through p53- dependent
and p21- dependent apoptopic pathway in hepatoma cell lines. Journal of Life Sciences, Vol. 71 (16):1879-1892.
• Pecere, T., M. Vittoria Gazzalo, C. Mucignat, C. Parolin, F. Dalla Vecchia, and A. Cavaggioni. 2000. Aloe-emodin
is a new type of anticancer agent with selective activity against neuroectodermal tumors. American Association
for Cancer Research, Vol. 60:2800-2804.
• Rajasekaran, Subbiah, Kasiappan Ravi, Karuran Sivagnanam, and Sorimuthu Subramanian. 2006. Beneficial
Effects of Aloe vera Leaf Gel Extract on Lipid Profile Status in Rats with Streptozotocin Diabetes. Clinical and
Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, Vol. 33:232-237.
• Roberts, D.B., and E.L. Travis. 1995. Acemannan- containing wound dressing gel reduces radiation-induces skin
reactions in C3H mice. Int. Journal Oncol. Biol. Phys., Vol. 32 (4):1047-1052.
• Tan B.H.K., and J. Vanitha. 2004. Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects of some traditional chinese
medicinal herbs: A review. Current Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 11 (11):1423-1430.
• Visuthikosal, V., B. Chowchuen, Y. Sukwanarat, S. Sriurairatana, and V. Boonpucknavig. 1995. Effect of Aloe
vera gel to healing of burn wounds: A clinical and histologic study. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand.
Vol. 78 (8): 403-409.
Questions?