NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES

WASTE TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY (WTEE)

TECHNOLOGY
GENERATING WEALTH FROM GARBAGE
CONTENTS

1. ABSTRACT
2. RESOURCE RECOVERY
3. PROCESSED SOLID WASTE COMBUSTION
a. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - PROCESSES
b. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - PREPARATION
c. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - CLASSIFICATION
d. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - CHARACTERSTICS
e. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - HIGHLIGHTS
4. WTEE – SOCIO ECONOMIC PROJECT
5. DEVELOPMENT & FUTURE OF WTEE
6. CONCLUSION
7.BIBLIOGRAPHY
 ABSTRACT

What happened on May, 2004 in Mumbai?

Due to failure of local grid. The business capital of India jammed for hours. Being largest
railway network city, even the locals also stick to tracks. This incident shows the human
connection with electricity. Electrical energy is an essential ingredient for all activities, as
well as the lifeblood of economies throughout the world. It plays a vital role for economic
growth and quality life improvements: with the increase in population of the world. The
demand for power has gradually increased. Hence the burden on the countries, especially
developing countries like India have increased to meet the demands in the present day. Most
of the demands are met by conventional sources such as fossil fuels, hydal, nuclear power etc.
The use of these sources have not only resulted in their depletion. But also increased the
population. Hence there is a great need for improving technology in the use of non-
conventional sources of energy which could greatly decrease the environmental needs and
which would assure the future needs particles to rural people at affordable rates.
This paper presents an overview of waste to electrical energy technology The basic concept
and different features of WTEE is described. It includes the various processes to produce
Refused Desire Fuel (RDF), its characteristics and classifications. This shows the solution to
disposal of municipal and agricultural solid waste which is an increasing problem today and
the developments and goals are described.
RESOURCE RECOVERY….
For the foreseeable future,
the disposal of municipal and agriculture
solid waste will continue to be an
increasing problem. This waste is either
composed, land filled, recycled or
converted to some form of energy but we
have another option called as Resource
Recovery. Recovering the energy from
municipal and agricultural solid waste.
And using this energy for power
production by Incineration and
Biomethanisation. Under this resource
recovery we have three options for power
production.
1. Unprocessed Solid Waste
Combustion.
2. Processed Solid Waste
Combustion.
3. Solid waste to liquid\gas convert
ion
1. UNPROCESSED SOLID
WASTE COMBUTION…………
The mass burn technologies
use municipal solid waste (MSW).
The MSW under goes only limited
processing to remove non combustible
and over sized items. Mass burn
technologies include water wall
furnace, rotary kiln furnace, refractory
furnace water cooled rotary
combustion furnace and controlled air
furnace.
2. PROCESSED SOLID WASTE
COMBUSTION
Under this process Refused
Derived Fuel (RDF) is used. The solid
waste are subjects to various process to
improve their physical & chemical
properties. These processes include
drying, comminution, densification,
physical separation and chemical
modification.
3. SOLID WASTE LIQUID /
GAS CONVERTION
TECHNOLOGY
These technologies convert
solid waste into either liquid or gas
fuels. This fuel can then be burned in a
conventional manner.
PROCESSED SOLID WASTE
COMBUSTION :
The WTEE technology
identified in this subsection are refused
derived fuel which has been processed
from MSW. Due to having improved
combustion characteristics and emition
characteristics and easy preparation. We
prefer this processed solid waste
combustion.
Refused Derived Fuel-Processes
Five major processes are available to • Densification (with Binder and
improve the physical and chemical Additives)
properties of agricultural and other
solid waste. LAY OUT
DRYING…..
Removal of physically based water either
thermally& mechanically in Centrifuges
and process.
COMMINUTION……….
Reducing of particle size by
shredding, cutting, grinding
&pulverization.
DENSIFICATION……..
Increasing of bulk density of waste REFUSED DERIVED FUEL-
through palletizing, cutting Briquette, PREPARATION
extrusion ,as rolling compressing. Following are the unit operations of the
PHYSICAL SEPARATION process of refinement of MSW. These are
Removal of unwanted components Material handling, size reduction, Drying,
from solid waste. Cyclone separation.
CHEMICAL MODIFICATION STEP I
Changing of waste’s chemical The picked MSW is then allowed into the
structure. premises of the plant over a sorting
conveyor to allow manual separation of
RDF-PRODUCTION PROCESS unwanted material like stones, rubber glass
The Process : etc and also a magnetic separator for
The conversion process of garbage into elimination of Iron objects.
fuel fluff / pellets involves the following STEP II
processes: The manually sorted out MSW is then
• Pre-sizing passed to a homonegeniser for segregating
• Drying the MSW over a screen, which will pass

• Screening / Sieving material to the Primary crusher.

• Separation of Combustibles STEP III

The screened MSW is fed to an impact or
• Size Reduction and production of Fuel
for disintegration of the MSW in to small
Fluff
pieces .There is no limit on the input size.
The moisture will be high. It may contain
some sand and silt, which may have some
abrasion affect and corrosion affect.
STEP IV
A conveyor to the rotary then transports
the discharge of Impact or to dryer for
moisture removal.
STEP V
The rotary dryer comprises of rotary dryer,
feeding, hot air circulation in co current
fashion with a cyclone separator and
blower and chimney for removal of fines.
STEP VI
The discharge of Rotary dryer will be
dried MSW. This is fed to a screen to
remove fines of less than 5-mm size,
which is primarily sand. This can be used
as manure. Over 5 mm will be fed to the
air classification system..
STEP VII
The discharge from the secondary screen
will be fed to AIR DENSITY
SEPERATOR (ADS) system in which the
material is fed through a rotary air lock.
The discharge from the rotary lock is
subjected to airflow in a zig -Zag
construction, which is controllable, by
dampeners. Hot air from Hot air generator
is also introduced here in addition to the
rotary drier for achieving higher dryness.
In this system the light combustible system
(organic and combustibles) is segregated
and the heavier material (inert) falls by
gravity.
The key factor for the separation is
dryness of the feed. Highly wet input
material will not separate and loss of
combustible fraction may occur. The
rejects at the ADS will be non-combustible
fraction. This fraction is conveyed and
manual sorting is resorted to pick up
heavier fraction of combustibles like
woody biomass, coconut shell, etc to
return the same to feed.
STEP VIII
The discharge from ADS (Combustible
fraction) is further subjected to a
secondary shredding for finer
disintegration of the refined, combustible
fraction of the Processed MSW. The unit
also comprises a cyclone separator and a
bag filter unit and a suction blower in
closed circuit.
STEP IX
The discharge of the Secondary Crusher
cyclone is palletized through a pellet mill
POWER PRODUCTION :
The specific processed fuel (RDF) which
produced from above process is used to
fire in specially design furnaces like
Traveling grate furnace, Spreader stoker
fired boiler, and Suspension fired boiler
and Fluidized bed combustor for
production of steam. This steam can be
used to run Turbine which is mechanically
coupled with Generator which produces
Electrical power.
LAY OUT OF WATER PLANT

RDF - CHARACTERSTICS:
Refused derived fuel has better emission and burning characteristics and it is a low cost
substitute for other fossil fuels like coal, gas. High sulphur content of oil and coal when burnt
pollute the environment. There is no sulphur in RDF. RDF have a consistent quality have
high burning efficiency. Are ideally sized for complete combustion. Combustion is more
uniforms compared to coal and boiler response to changer in stream requirements is faster to
higher quality of volatile material.

RDF Characteristics
Ash Content - 2-10%
Moisture Content - 8%
Volatile Material - 75-80%
Sulphur Content - Nil
Calorific Value - 3,500 - 4,000 K.cal/Kg

Efficiency of Boiler :
Using Coal - 48%
Using RDF - 53%

Fuel pellets from garbage: a better option

RDF - HIGHLIGHTS :
Comparing to coal and other fossil fuels. RDF has several activities and consistent
characteristics over other fuels.
RDF - CHEAP FUEL :
RDF is a low cost substitute for coal and other fossil fuels. It is cheaper than coal, lignite,
peat. It won’t cost that much as coal. It takes only transportation and processing cost, which
is, has less comparing to other fuels.

RDF ECOFRIENDLY FUEL :

RDF has better emission characteristics than coal. In the process due to reduction of sand
and reduced moisture content it has improved calorific value. It won’t emit any harmful
gases, which cure global warming like CO2, CO and methane (C2H4).
Due to less carbon content this avoids methane gas, which is produced due to decomposition
of waste.
RDF – ALLROUNDER :
RDF is not only used for power generators. It can be also used for burning in process plants
like Paper Mills, Alluminium Industries and other steam production purpose. This is most
economical to use instead of other furnace feedings.
WTEE –SOCIO ECONOMIC capacity 6MW named as SELCO at
PROJECT : Elicatta village in Shadnagar of

Waste to electrical energy is the best Mahaboobnagar District. This plant using

alternative comparing to other 700 tons of MSW of 2200 tons generated

conventional and non-conventional every day in twin cities of Hyderabad.

sources. This is mass reliable and cheap Another plant named as Shriram Energy

source. WTEE won’t give any harmful Systems Ltd., also producing 6 MW of

pollutents and it decreases the problem of power at Vijayawada using RDF as fuel

waste disposal and decomposition of processed from MSW generated in

waste. This WTEE system can aid in Vijayawada & Guntur cities.

saving a lot of urban land, which is The technology development board and

wasted. And this is the system among the technology information forecasting and

other non–conventional sources, which is assessment council (TIFAC) are trying to

more reliable. assist industries on this technology. The

This WTEE is the only solution to meet above cited SELCO is going to establish

our future needs. According to Central another 20 MW power plant in Hyderabad

Pollutions Control Board (CPCB) the per city. And Shriram Energy got permission

capita generation of MSW per head is 350 to install Another plant in vizag. This

gms. From this statistics being second processed to our state that the WTEE

largest population country our India won’t plants are only in AP and our president

get any power scarcity if we use this also appreciated.

WTEE technology.

DEVELOPMENTS & FUTURE OF

WTEE :
This WTEE technology is in practice since
1942 in US and Germany. In India it
comes in to the picture in 2003. The first
power plant using waste to electrical
energy technology (WTEE) is
commissioned on Dec, 20th 2003 of
CONCLUSION :
With the above discussion we conclude that this WTEE technology is the better solution.
Being second largest population country the demand has drastically increased. And most of
our Indian villages still unelectrified. According to CPCB studies in India 70% of cities
won’t have sufficient facilities for transportation of MSW. By using this WTEE we can
avoid the MSW disposal problem and we can save a lot of money which is going to be
wasted for transporting to outer yards of cities and a lot of urban land which is wasted under
dump yards.
Not only in cities, this WTEE technology is also suitable for rural villages where Agricultural
and solid waste is abundant.
By preserving the Agricultural waste according to seasonal crops, we can light so many
villages which are not aware of electricity. If we implement this technology in rural areas we
wont need to wait upto 2012 for “MISSION-2012 POWER FOR ALL”.

COURTACY
Power Plant Engineering - BLACK & VEATCH
SRIRAM ENERGY SYSTEMS, VIJAYAWADA.