BIODIVERSITY

By: Siska Fitriana Wahyu W N

XE-23
 Concept Map

Biodiversity

Biodiversity Levels Biodiversity in Indonesia Importance of Biodiversity Loss of Biodiversity

Ecosyste Distribution
Gene Species
m Caused by Conservation
Human Utilization
Fauna Flora
What is Biodiversity?
 Biodiversity is the variation of any organisms
within ecosystem, biome, or biosphere
 Biodiversity could be happen in every levels
of living organisms, from low-level organisms
(unicellular) until high-level organisms
(multicellular).
Biodiversity Levels
 Genetics Diversity
A gene is a certain parts of DNA that hold the
code of protein which determined the
characteristic of an organisms
 The differences of gen make the genotype and
phenotype type of every organisms different
 The variation of genetic differences of a species
 Genetic diversity can be termed as a variety
 For example:
 Variety of paddy: IR-64, rojolele, gogo rancah,
sedani,etc.
 Variety of cat: anggora, balinese, siamese, etc.
 Species Diversity
 The differences between species of living things
that inhabitat a particular habitat
 The differences of organisms in this levels can be
seen easily because variation happen on the
family
 For example:
 Dates, coconut, and sago which classified in one
family, Palmaeae
 Ecosystem Diversity
 Thevariation and combination of interactions of
organisms with the abiotic components which
make the different type of ecosystem in
biosphere
 For example:
 Tundra ecosystem, taiga ecosystem, tropical rain
forest ecosystem, etc.
Biodiversity in Indonesia
 Based on Indonesia Law No. 5/1994,
biodiversity is the diversity among organisms
found in Indonesia including land, sea, or
other aquatic ecosystem.
 Indonesia has a high level of species
diversity, and some islands of Indonesia have
endemic/rare species, like Komodo, Jalak
Bali, Cendrawasih, etc.
Biodiversity Distribution
 Distribution of Flora
 According to Cr. Sampurno Kadarsan, the flora’s of
Indonesia included into Malesiana region.
 Indonesian flora distribution can be classified based
on the forest of it:
 Tropical Rain Forest
 This forest found in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Papua,
Sulawesi, southern part of West Java
 It is a deep jungle with heterogenic vegetation
 It has high humidity
 Some trees have canopies
 The tree can be grow until 60 m or more
 Example of flora: ebony, champor, evergreen, damar, etc.
 Seasonal Forest
 Can be found in Java
 It consist of homogenic vegetation
 Example of flora: teak tree

o Savana
o Can be found in Madura and Aceh
o It consist of grass vegetation with patches and bushes and
perenial trees
o It’s season is dry season long

o Steppe
o Can be found in Sumbawa, Flores, and Timor
o It has very long dry season and vast grasslands
Distribution of Fauna
 Based on the charactheristic of fauna of
Indonesia is divided to be 3 region by line of
wallace and line of weber
 The west region is Asiatic fauna
 The middle region is intermediate fauna
 The east region is australian fauna
 Asiatic Fauna
 The region is Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, and
western Bali
 The characteristic of the fauna is large size
mammals, species of monkey and apes, and
freshwater fish.
 For example: peacocks, rhinocheros, bull, etc.
 Intermediate Fauna
 The region is Sulawesi and central part of Nusa
Tenggara
 The fauna’s charactheristic is a mixture of
asiatic and australian fauna
 For example: wild boar, anoa, horse, dwarf cuscus,
komodo, etc.
 Australian Fauna
 The region is Papua and Aru islands
 The characteristic of the fauna is small size of
mammals with a pouch
 There are no monkey over here
 Small number of water fish
 Many types of colorful birds
 For example: kangaroo, cockatoo, cassowary,
cendrawasih, pelicans, etc.
Importance of Biodiversity
 Biodiversity plays role an important role of
human life, that is
 Food Source
 Fruits, vegetables, etc.
 Clothing and house source
 Kelerak for batik, yokel for married woman in papua,
carterpillar that produce sutra, etc.
 Medicine and cosmetic sources
 Curcuma, pule, duwet for medicine
 Many tpes of flower for cosmetics
 Cultural Sources
 Cendana tree in Bali for burden people, the ditilled water
of cananga, jasmine, cempaka, pandan, for burial
ceremony.
Loss of Biodiversity
 The loss of the biodiversity is caused by:
 Over-exploitation of plant and animal
 Soil, water, air pollution
 Global climate change
 Industry in forest
 Loss of the habitat
 Species introduction
Biodiversity Conservation
 To prevent and cure the loss of the
biodiversity can be done by make a
conservation
 Biodiversity conservation can be classified
into:
 Ex-situ conservation : conservation is done by
bringing the organisms out of the original habitat
 For example : Safari Park, Bon bin, etc.
 In- situ conservation : direct conservation is done on the
original habitat of the organisms
 For example : Conservation of komodo in komodo
island
Thank You
Arigatou
Kamsa Hamnida 