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Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 MOBILE OS
 Market Shares
 Open Handset Alliance
 What is Android?
 Features
 Android Architecture
 Recap

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 Symbian
 iOS
 RIM (Black Berry)
 Bada OS
 Windows Mobile
 Palm Web OS
 Android
 ...
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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=fqFpq9WXbJo

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 Collection of more than 80 technology companies

including hardware manufacturers, mobile
carriers, and software developers.
 A commitment to openness, a shared vision for
the future, and concrete plans to make the vision
a reality. To accelerate innovation in mobile and
offer consumers a richer, less expensive, and
better mobile experience.

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 Android is a comprehensive open source

platform designed for mobile devices
 Android is an open-source software
stack for mobile devices that includes
an operating system, middleware and
key applications.
 It is championed by Google and owned by Open
Handset Alliance.

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 Open Source
 Android is an open source platform. The entire stack,
from low-level Linux modules all the way to native
libraries, and application framework, to complete
applications, Android is totally open.
 As a developer, you have access to entire platform
source code. This allows you to see how the guts of
Android operating system work.

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 History
 2003 Android inc. founded.
 2005 Google buys Android, Inc. The world thinks a
"gPhone" is about to come out…
 2007 Open Handset Alliance is announced. Android is
officially open-sourced.
 2008 Android SDK 1.0 is released. The G1 phone,
manufactured by HTC, and sold by the wireless
carrier T-Mobile USA, follows shortly afterwards.

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 History
 2009 sees a proliferation of Android-based devices.
New versions of the operating system: Cupcake (1.5),
Donut (1.6), and Eclair (2.0 and 2.1) are released. 20+
devices run Android.
 2010 Android is 2nd only to RIM as best-selling smart
phone platform. Froyo (Android 2.2) is released and
so are 60+ devices that run it.

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 History

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Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 Application framework enabling reuse and

replacement of components.
 Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile
devices
 Integrated browser based on the open source
WebKit engine.
 Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D
graphics library; 3D graphics based on the
OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware
acceleration optional) 12
 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 SQLite for structured data storage

 Media support for common audio, video, and still
image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR,
JPG, PNG, GIF)
 GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)
 Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and Wi-Fi (hardware
dependent)
 Camera, GPS, compass, and
accelerometer (hardware dependent)

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 Rich development environment including a

device emulator, tools for debugging, memory
and performance profiling, and a plugin for the
Eclipse IDE

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Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 Applications
 Android is provided with a set of core applications
including an email client, SMS program, calendar,
maps, browser, contacts, and others.
 All applications are written using the Java
programming language.

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 Application Framework
 Developers have full access to the same framework
APIs used by the core applications.
  The application architecture is designed to simplify
the reuse of components.
 Any application can publish its capabilities and any
other application may then make use of those
capabilities (subject to security constraints enforced
by the framework).

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 Libraries
 Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by
various components of the Android system.
 These capabilities are exposed to developers through
the Android application framework. 
 Examples; Media Libraries, SQLite, Surface
Manager, etc.

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 Android Runtime
 Every Android application runs in its own process, with its own
instance of the Dalvik virtual machine.
 Dalvik has been written so that a device can run multiple VMs
efficiently.
 The Dalvik VM executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex)
format which is optimized for minimal memory footprint.
 The VM is register-based, and runs classes compiled by a Java
language compiler that have been transformed into the .dex
format by the included "dx" tool.

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 Android Runtime
 The Dalvik VM relies on the Linux kernel for
underlying functionality such as threading and low-
level memory management.

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Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

 Linux Kernel
 Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system
services such as security, memory management,
process management, network stack, and driver
model.
  The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between
the hardware and the rest of the software stack.

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 Resource Person: Muhammad Babar Nazir

Questions???