Professional Documents
Culture Documents
by
2011
This publication was made possible through the efforts of the Municipal Planning and
Development Office of the Municipality of Leganes. The publication may be reproduced
or quoted in other publications as long as proper reference is made to the source.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations 3
Conceptual and Operational Definition of Terms 5
Foreword 8
Preface 10
Chapter 1. Introduction
Why the Plan? 13
Scope of the Plan 14
History of the Planning Process 15
Coastal Resource Assessment 15
Integrated Coastal Management Plan’s Vision, Mission and 17
Goals
Chapter 2. Coastal Environmental Profile
Brief Historical Background 20
Geography and Physical Settings 21
Demography 24
Economic Resources 35
Social Services 42
Land Uses of Coastal Areas 48
Status of Coastal Resources 49
Infrastructure 49
Institutional Support for CRM 53
Chapter 3. Management Issues, Strengths and Opportunities
Strengths 56
Management Issues 57
Opportunities 59
Chapter 4. Management Programs, Strategies and Policies
Key Result Areas, Objectives, Strategies and Policies
Fisheries and Habitat Management 61
Livelihood and Enterprise Management 63
Coastal Land Use and Zoning 64
Coastal Tourism 66
Shoreline and Waste Management 66
Legal Arrangement and Institutional Development 68
Chapter 5. Administration and Coordination of Implementation
Guiding Principles 69
Organization and Management 69
Plan Implementation, Processes and Mechanism 74
References 75
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 3
Aquaculture: fishery operations involving all forms of raising and culturing fish and other
fishery species in fresh, brackish and marine areas.
Base map: a predrawn map of selected features that serves to orient the mapper to the
area and provides a consistent scale for the mapper to draw in additional
features or elements of the coastal resource system.
Closed season: the period during which the taking of specified fishery species by a
specified fishing gear is prohibited in a specified area or areas in Philippine
waters.
Coastal area profile: a document produced using various resource assessment and
analysis techniques, including PCRA. It presents a variety of information
required for effective decision-making and planning, including
environmental and socioeconomic information, and analyses of problems
and opportunities for sustainable coastal development.
Coastal habitat: any ecologically distinct ecosystem that supports the production of
coastal resources, including coral reefs, mangrove swamps, tidal flats,
seagrass beds, and beaches.
Coastal resource management: the wise use of coastal resources to promote and maintain
sustainable development in coastal areas. CRM involves maximizing the
utility of coastal resources by regulating human behavior and activities in
coastal areas. Successful CRM requires multi-sectoral collaboration and
strong community participation.
Coastal resource regime: the system of rights and responsibilities that governs the use of
coastal resources. Often, the operative or de facto regime is not the same
as the legal or de jure regime. Despite a relatively well developed de jure
regime of laws and regulations, the operative coastal resource regime in
many areas of the Philippines is described as an open access regime, an
unregulated free-for-all situation in which sustainable use is unlikely to
occur.
Coastal resource: any non-living or living natural product, such as finfish, marine
invertebrates and aquatic plants, that is found in coastal areas and is of use
or value to humans.
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 6
Commercial fishing: the taking of fishery species by passive or active gear for trade,
business or profit beyond subsistence or sports fishing.
Fish refuge and sanctuary: a designated area where fishing or other form of activities
which may damage the ecosystem of the area is prohibited and human
access may be restricted.
Fisheries: refers to all activities relating to the act or business of fishing, culturing,
preserving, processing, marketing, developing, conserving and managing
aquatic resources and the fishery areas, including the privilege to fish or
take aquatic resources.
Local coastal resource users: coastal residents who live in the management area,
including municipal fishers and small-scale aquaculturists, whose primary
basis of livelihood or subsistence involves capturing, harvesting or
growing of any fishery resource; or deriving economic (cash and non-
cash) benefit from coastal resources.
Municipal fishing: refers to fishing within municipal waters using vessels of three(3)
gross tons or less, or fishing not requiring the use of fishing vessels.
Municipal waters: include not only streams, lakes, inland bodies of water and tidal waters
within the municipality which are not included within the protected areas
as defined under Republic Act No. 7586 (the NIPAS Law), public forest,
timber lands, forest reserves or fishery reserves, but also marine waters
included between two(2) lines drawn perpendicular to the general
coastline from points where the boundary lines of the municipality touch
the sea at low tide and a third line parallel with the general coastline
including offshore islands and fifteen(15) kilometers from such coastlines.
Propagules: The germinating seeds of the family rhizophoraceae while still attached to
the mother tree. Also known as viviparous seeds.
FOREWORD
For a coastal municipality like Leganes, with much of the municipality’s territory
and much of its development potential lie in its coastal and marine waters – composed of
seagrass beds and mangrove forests.
Yet the importance and potential of our coastal and marine ecosystem have been
unappreciated. Their conservation has been neglected; habitat loss, overexploitation, and
destructive fishing practices are increasingly threatening coastal biodiversity and
livelihoods. Our shores have come under pressure from rapid population growth and
uncontrolled development. The consequence of this coastal degradation is the decline in
fisheries catch-per-unit effort. As a result, we find the phenomenon of poverty amidst
potential wealth in the coastal barangays. In a very short time we could find ourselves in
a situation of increasing poverty, as the vicious cycle of poverty and environmental
degradation proceeds at an alarming pace.
While existing laws and regulations provide a basic framework for coastal
management, in practice coastal management has been inefficient and piecemeal. Public
participation and involvement in coastal law enforcement and heightened awareness of
the state of these resources are crucial in improving management and sustainability. The
protection and conservation movement will bring understanding to the importance and
potential of our coastal and marine waters to the larger public.
This document will assist in valuing our natural resources. It will serve as a
reference in making informed decisions about when and how to protect and manage
coastal resources in the municipality. It will be used to manage and ensure resource
sustainability for the future.
The CRMP provides stopgap measures for resource utilization and allocation of
natural seagrass, mangroves, fisheries and coastal water quality. It provides information
on the economic and other values of coastal habitats and ecosystems in terms of direct
production, loss of earnings from destruction and values created by tourism. Ensuring the
vitality of coastal resources and their ability to continue providing benefits to society and
economies is critically important.
This document is a first in the municipality that aims to protect and conserve our
local coastal resource. What has been formulated is a document that goes beyond the
biology of mangroves and fisheries, and involves people and communities. The plan has
been the outcome of a series of stakeholder consultations involving national agencies,
civil society, the academe and local communities. Implementation of this plan will go a
long way in reversing coastal degradation.
This plan will help remedy existing problems by assisting us to value our
immediate sources of subsistence and putting them in perspective with various options
for development.
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 9
Indeed in a short time, it is expected that our work will produce the critical mass
of Leganesnons that are not only committed but also well-informed advocates of coastal
conservation. The political will, so necessary to shift from today’s destructive
exploitation to one of sustainable development, would then be generated.
We hope that this plan will raise awareness of the technical and policy aspects of
coastal management and improve local capacity to implement the far-reaching reforms
necessary to protect valuable coastal resources.
There is hope yet for our coastal and marine resources-but this ultimately depends
on all of us.
PREFACE
All biotic organisms are bound together in a bioregion – food chains, symbioses,
nutrient cycles and other ecological interactions. We cannot limit our view to a specific
locality as there are tight linkages between upland and coastal ecosystems, what occurs in
one ecosystem inevitably affects the other.
Man is an integral part of this bioregion. We have shaped and re-shaped our
environment, sometimes changing it, for better or worse. Human interactions with the
various ecosystems are perhaps the most influential factor affecting the coastal
environment and the vital natural processes occurring therein.
The coast is central to the Filipino culture and identity. Our countrymen rely on
these seemingly endless resources for food, medicine and livelihood. In the coastal
barangays of the municipality, the majority of households are dependent on coastal
resources for subsistence and income. Although it may seem inexhaustible, the fact
remains that our needs far exceed what nature can provide.
Being in a tropical zone, our climate is naturally prone to typhoons; there has
been a four-fold increase in the frequency of typhoons between 1990 and 2009. Recorded
floods and storms have also risen dramatically due to increasingly erratic and intense
rainfall. These changes to precipitation patterns and the resultant disasters damage fishing
grounds and infrastructure and increase the rate of soil erosion. Rising sea level is also
already evident.
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 11
The social and economic implications of climate change for coastal communities
are profound. Climate change will aggravate the environmental degradation already
apparent in Leganes, and intensify existing pressures on coastal resources. This can give
rise to spontaneous, unplanned, and poorly managed development activities and resource
use conflicts that can put local livelihoods at risk.
Covering all six coastal barangays of the municipality, this plan is the
amalgamation of the multi-faceted agenda of sustainable development as it harmonizes
the interplay of environmental quality, social equity, economics and governance in its
objectives; and it will proactively respond to debilitating realities of climate change and
environmental decline.
Coastal resource management is above all else aims to manage people and our
negative impacts on the coastal environment. This plan is the first step in a long road to
sustainability. It provides long-term solutions to problems that have plague our coastal
barangays. We may not see the immediate results of this plan but it will ensure the
preservation of our susceptible coastal resources for future generations.
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 12
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
The Municipality of Leganes is one of the nineteen (19) coastal towns of the
Province of Iloilo. It is the only municipality that shares a common boarder with Iloilo
City, which is the provincial and regional administration center of Western Visayas in
Region VI. It is located along the Guimaras Strait, opposite the town of Buenavista
which is only about 4.5 kilometers from Leganes shoreline in the Island-Province of
Guimaras.
The municipality has six (6) coastal barangays namely: Camangay, Bigke, M.V.
Hechanova, Napnud, Gua-an and Nabitasan with a total coastline of approximately six
(6) kilometers. The Guimaras Strait is considered as the only fishing ground for
marginalized fisher folks of the municipality.
1. Level of water pollution. Indicates water quality and extent of coastal water
pollution.
2. Presence of polluting industries located in coastal areas without pollution
control facilities or wastewater treatment facilities.
3. Presence of squatter household on coastline. Indicates the extent of coastal
water pollution in the absence of water quality monitoring data.
4. Presence of waste heaps on coastline
5. Marine floating waste
The Plan will serve as a guide of the municipal government in the implementation
of its mandated functions and defined roles relative to coastal resource management.
This will be considered as a component of the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP)
and a complementary to the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the municipality.
It sets the framework and operational mechanisms by which all municipal level CRM
implementers will base their interventions, decisions and or actions towards an efficient
and effective coastal resource management. The purpose of the plan is indicated as
follows:
1. Provide baseline data on the coastal resources and socio economic condition of
the municipality.
2. Define directions and guidelines in the formulation, implementation, monitoring
and evaluation of CRM sectoral programs, projects and activities.
3. Clarify mandates, authority, accountability and commitments in the
implementation of CRM in the municipality.
4. Leverage for internal and external support for sustainable CRM effort
5. To raise the level of local awareness and consciousness of coastal resource
management issues and concerns by providing information to the local
population, cause oriented Non-governmental Organizations and People’s
Organization. This helps them rally behind important issues and problems that
should be given proper attention by local government officials.
municipal and barangay level implementers will base their interventions, decisions or
actions in accordance with the legal jurisdictional mandate.
The coastal resource assessment made use of primary data from the
Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the Municipality of Leganes 2004-2014.
The secondary data collection involved the participation of stakeholders in the six
(6) coastal barangays (i.e. Camangay, Bigke, MV Hechanova, Napnud, Gua-an, and
Nabitasan).
A major output of the coastal resource assessment was the Municipal Coastal
Environment Profile that presents facts and information on the various coastal habitats in
land and foreshore fisheries, tourism, management issues and problems and development
initiatives.
To facilitate the assessment process, the six (6) coastal barangays were clustered
into three based on geographical and resource considerations. The three clusters are:
CRM Planning
Workshop. The training-workshop was attended by participants from the six (6) coastal
barangays of the municipality which comprised of barangay officials, Bantay Dagat
members, Barangay/Municipal Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council
(B/MFARMC) members, fisher folks and coastal residents, some Sangguniang Bayan
members and department heads. Various issues and concerns affecting the depletion of
coastal resources were identified.
Output of the first level of the planning process was presented to the community
on June 26 to 27, 2006 in the form of barangay consultation purposely to validate the
consolidated information and to gather additional relevant inputs especially in legal and
jurisdictional mandates, programs and projects to be included in the coastal profile of the
municipality. The activity was spearheaded by the Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO).
To further the planning process, the personnel from CENRO, Iloilo City in
coordination with the Local Chief Executive of the municipality has initiated another
barangay consultation of the six (6) coastal barangays on April 14, 15 and 16, 2009. It
was attended by barangay officials, barangay health workers, tanods, Sangguniang
Kabataan representatives, civilian volunteers organization members and the marginal
fisher folks. The following concerns were discussed during the consultation:
Gathered information during the barangay consultations are vital inputs for the
Coastal Resource Management Planning (CRMP) Training Workshop.
There were nine (9) management options prepared by the participants during the
workshop which formed part of the Coastal Resource Management Plan to include
Livelihood and Enterprise Development, Waste Management, Coastal Zoning, Legal and
Institutional Development, Habitat Management, Shoreline Development, Coastal
Tourism, Watershed and Fisheries Management Option.
The objectives, strategies, activities, location, time frame, budget funding source
and institution involved in each management option including the formation of vision,
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 17
mission, goals and objectives, implementing structure and the composition of the CRM-
TWG were jointly prepared by the participants.
To finalize the formulation of the Municipal’s CRM Plan, Atty. Adolfo E. Jaen,
the Local Chief Executive of Leganes organized the Municipal Technical Working Group
for Integrated Coastal Management (MTWG – ICM) per Executive Order No. 17, s. of
2009 composed of:
1. Municipal Agriculturist
2. Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator
3. SB Chairman, Committee on Fisheries and Agriculture
4. SB Chairman, Committee on Environment
5. Captain of six (6) coastal barangays
6. Bantay Dagat
7. MFARMC
8. DENR
9. DA/BFAR/DOT,PNP (OGAs)
10. APEX Club of Leganes and other NGOs
11. UPV Brackishwater Aquaculture Center (Academe)
Vision
Mission
Goals
1. To protect and conserve the coastal and land base resources of the municipality.
2. To uplift the living condition of the people
3. To achieve food security
4. To develop and promote the eco-tourism potential of the municipality
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 19
Conduct of Community/Brgy.
Consultation on: CRM Plan Implementation
Issues, problems and
Opportunities
Proposed Zoning of
Coastal areas Submission and Legislation
Strategies and actions Municipal Fisheries and
Policies Aquatic Resource Mgt.
Implementation Process Council (MFARMC)
Municipal Development
Council (MDC)
Sangguniang Bayan (SB)
Creation of CRM Plan Multi- Mayor
Sectoral Technical Working
Group (TWG)
Consolidation of Results of
Community Consultation and Presentation/Critiquing of the
Drafting of CRM Plan Proposed CRM Plan in a Multi-
Sectoral Forum
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 20
Chapter 2
COASTAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
The Municipality of Leganes sprang from a small settlement in the early part of
1840 in the site now known as Barangay Guihaman. The word “guihaman” originated
from the presence of wild boars or “guiham” which inhabited the place. The early
founders of the municipality named the place “Valencia”, a town in Spain whose patron
saint is San Vicente Ferrer. Learning the existence of the settlement, Don Isidro A.
Brudit, the Spanish Governor of Iloilo decreed in 1856, that the settlement be registered
as a “pueblo” otherwise a fine of P600 will be levied upon the inhabitants. In compliance
to the decree, the place was registered as pueblo in 1858.
The little pueblo at the time had grown into a thriving community with the influx
of settlers from the adjacent towns of Jaro and Sta. Barbara. One of its founders, Don
Miguel Valencia, seemed to enjoy unmerited, if not unusual honor after the settlement
was named Valencia. The other founders moved to have the name changed through a
petition to the Alta Mar in Spain. The Spanish authorities, annoyed by the complaint,
named the pueblo Leganes---after a town in Spain which is of little significance, just to
settle the seemingly heedless dispute. The other originators, Don Angel Gustilo, Don
Mariano Gustilo, Don Jacinto Sandoval, Don Lorenzo Gustilo, Don Juan Hilado and Don
Fulgencio Espino fought hard for the autonomy and independence of the little pueblo.
After having been administered by “Kapitanes” from 1860 up to the close of the
Spanish rule in 1899 the town under the American regime appointed its first president,
Zacarias Jaen who reigned from 1900 to 1902. He was succeeded by Tomas Gustilo who
headed the pueblo from 1902 to 1904. Because of slow progress and lack of harmony
among leaders, the pueblo was annexed as an arrabal of Sta. Barbara by order of
Governor Martin Delgado in 1905.
Leaders like Councilor Tomas Gustilo and Mariano Jagunap who represented the
pueblo from 1907-1908 and Arsenio Guillergan together with Eugenio Marañon from
1914-1915 gave their best in working for the autonomy of infrastructure projects like
building of school houses, police station, wells, roads, etc.. They also put up a fight in
transferring the revenues of Leganes fishpond from Sta. Barbara to the town treasury of
Leganes. With the aid of Jaro councilors Petronilo Gumban and Valentin Jordan, the
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 21
fishpond revenue was eventually moved from Sta. Barbara to Leganes. This was used in
the improvement of roads around the plaza and telephone connections to Jaro.
Through the efforts of then Jaro President Petronilo Gumban and his successor
Valentin Jordan, Leganes was transferred as an arrabal of Jaro on January 1, 1916. Under
these two successive presidents of Jaro who were in sympathy with the cause of the
Leganesnons, the arrabal progressed steadily. Philanthropic landowners, notably
Florencio S. Jagunap and Melencio Espinosa donated lots for school sites on which the
school buildings of Leganes Primary School (now Leganes Elementary School) were
constructed.
The Sta. Barbara Irrigation System was constructed in 1919 and was completed
on July 4, 1922. A monument for Dr. Jose Rizal was erected in the school site of Leganes
Primary School and completed on October 21, 1927 from funds raised by the people and
donations from the wealthy family of spouses Modesto Jinon and Capitana Anding
Espino. A concrete Gabaldon type school building was built and finished in 1929 from
Insular funds through the efforts of Assemblyman Vicente Ybiernas.
A new era of peace and progress began when Leganes finally gained its autonomy
from Jaro and became a full pledge town through the efforts of the late Congressman
Tomas Confesor, then Governor of Iloilo Province. Leganes was created a Municipality
pursuant to Executive Order No. 241 of then Commonwealth President Manuel Luis
Quezon on January 1, 1940. Marcos Espino was appointed mayor; Martin Jaen as vice
mayor, while Constantino Gulmatico, Vicente Guinalon, Severino Quidato, Simplicio
Griño, Primitivo Gustilo and Marcial Jacildo were appointed councilors. Their tenure of
office lasted only for one year because of the election that followed in November, 1940.
In that election, the following candidates were elected: mayor-Marcos Espino; vice
mayor-Marcial Jacildo. For councilors: Felix Trespeces, Primitivo Gustilo, Simplicio
Griño, Valencia Solinap, and Fausto Espinosa.
Geographic Location
The Municipality of Leganes is one of the nineteen (19) coastal towns of the
Province of Iloilo. It is the only coastal municipality that shares a common border with
Iloilo City, which is the provincial capital and regional administration center of Western
Visayas in Region VI. It is located along the Guimaras Strait, opposite the town of
Buenavista (which is only about 4.5 kilometers from Leganes’ shoreline) in the island-
Province of Guimaras. It is adjacent to the city of Iloilo in the South, bounded by Pavia
in the Southeast, Sta. Barbara in the West and Zarraga in the North. It is eleven (11)
kilometers from the Poblacion of Pavia and approximately five (5) kilometers from the
Poblacion of Zarraga. Leganes can be found between the coordinates of 122°39’35” west
to 122°39’45” east latitude and between 10°51’48” north to 10°45’15” south longtitude.
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 22
Land Area
Well cultivated fields, coconut trees and bamboo clumps dominate the landscape
of the entire municipality. The terrain is characterized by level plains but slightly higher
in the northwest of Lapayon and Calaboa with a slope of not exceeding 3%.
The plains are prime agricultural lands that produce rice which is the
municipality’s prime commodity. The areas along the coastline are swampy and a large
portion of these swampy areas had been converted into fishponds and salt beds.
Soil Type
The soil of Leganes is classified by the Bureau of Soils in two categories: soil of
swamps and marshes and soil of the lowlands and plains. The lowland plain soil is of
Sta. Rita clay loam variety, which covers 75% of Leganes or 2,415.5 hectares of land.
The swamp and marsh land is of Umingan fine sandy loam type which covers 25% or
804.5 hectares. This type of soil can be found in portions of Barangay Cari Mayor, Cari
Minor, Nabitasan, Gua-an, Napnud and MV Hechanova. There is no forest area in
Leganes.
Water Source
Leganes’ sources of Level III potable water are the deep wells in the barangays of
Guihaman and Cagamutan Sur. The municipality has adequate underground water
supply, which can be tapped for domestic and commercial uses. The surface water in
Calaboa Creek, Carismo-an Creek and Janipaan River are utilized for irrigation purposes.
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 23
Hydrology
The Buntatala and Janipaan are the major river systems traversing in the
municipality that drain to the sea. The Janipa-an river winds from Calaboa to Cagamutan
Norte to Cari Mayor where it merges with Buntatala River then to the big Jalaur River
that empties into the Iloilo Straight. The Buntatala River traverses the barangays of
Buntatala, Guintas, Napnud, Guinobatan, Gua-an, Cari Mayor and Cari Minor, where it
merges with Janipa-an River in Barangay Cari Mayor to Jalaur River then to Iloilo
Straight.
The two (2) rivers (Buntatala and Janipa-an) had ceased to be effective natural
water drainage since their course have been narrowed and obstructed by nipa clumps,
vegetative growth, floating logs, debris, rubbish and indiscriminate construction of
fishpond dikes along both banks of the rivers. These obstructions have created
bottlenecks that force back water during continuous rain and spill off towards the low-
lying residential and agricultural areas of the municipality. The situation resulted to the
flooding of rice fields in Cari Mayor, Cari Minor, Guinobatan, Gua-an, Napnud and
Nabitasan. At its highest level in 1995, the flood reached portions of Guihaman,
Buntatala, Poblacion and Cagamutan Norte covering an area of about one-third of the
entire Municipality of Leganes.
Tributaries of Janipa-an and Buntatala rivers traversing the swamp lands to the
sea are no longer visible having been converted into fishponds. This has aggravated the
worsening flood problem that brings tremendous losses to private and public properties.
Resolving the flood problem has been already discussed with the Department of
Public Works and Highways. A flood control program has been already designed where a
cut-off channel shall be constructed to redirect floodwater to Guigui Creek towards the
Iloilo Straight. Two (2) of the fishpond owners that will be affected by the proposed cut-
off channel have already expressed willingness to provide the right-of-way. As to the
voluminous number of floating logs, debris and rubbish, dredging and clearing of the
silted Buntatala Creek has been proposed. Once the funded and implemented by DPWH,
the said flood control program will eventually solve the problem on recurrent floods in
the municipality during continuous heavy rains.
Climate Pattern
Leganes has two distinct seasons, wet and dry. The wet season is from July to
November and dry season is from December to June. It is cold in the months of
December, January and February and usually hot during the summer months of March,
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 24
April and May. There is a slight difference in the weather condition in the barangays
along the coast compared to the non-coastal barangays as the former barangays are more
humid due to their proximity to the sea.
Accessibility
Leganes is only about 11 kilometers from Iloilo City and about 13 kilometers
from the Iloilo Airport through the provincial access road. It can be reached from Iloilo
City through the National Highway to the North or the Coastal Highway to the
Municipality of Dumangas. The coastal road serves as the shorter link of the town to the
International Port in Bo. Obrero, Lapuz, Iloilo City and to some of the municipalities in
the north. There also barangay roads that connect the municipality to the adjacent towns
like Sta. Barbara and Pavia.
Political Subdivisions
DEMOGRAPHY
Population
Leganes has steadily grown in population from 3,837 in 1903 to 27,555 in year
2008 based on the actual total enumeration conducted by the local government unit
(LGU) of Leganes through its barangay nutrition scholars (BNS). Its population has
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 25
grown by 23,718 in a period of one hundred five (105) years. Over these years, growth
rate ranged from 0.72% to 3.98% with the lowest growth rate in year 2008 and the
highest in year 2000.
In 1918 and 1939, Leganes was not surveyed as a municipality because the town
was a part of the former Municipality of Jaro, which is now a district of Iloilo City.
Growth Rate
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
%
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
-
1903 1948 1960 1970 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2006 2007 2008
Year
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 26
29,500
29,000
28,500
Population
28,000
27,500
27,000
26,500
26,000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 27
Cari Minor
2,000
Gua-an
1,500 Guihaman
Guinobatan
1,000 Guintas
Lapayon
500
M.V. Hechanova
- Nabitasan
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Napnud
Poblacion
Year
San Vicente
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 28
Nabitasan recorded the highest population with 2,628 or 9.94% of the total
population of the municipality. In contrast, Camangay has the lowest population of only
560 or 2.03% of the total population of Leganes.
The male population in 2008 across various age groups is 13,752, while the
female population is 13,803 or with a ratio of, roughly, 99 males for every 100 females.
D. Population density
The municipality of Leganes has a density of nine persons per hectare. The
Poblacion is the most densely populated with thirty-two persons per hectare. The
barangay with the lowest density is Cari Mayor with only four persons per hectare.
The Poblacion has the highest density considering that it has a small land area, its
accessibility to the national highway, most public facilities are located within the area,
and the concentration of subdivisions in the area to accommodate the spillover from the
city.
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 29
The urban barangays of the municipality has a density of fifteen persons per
hectare while the rural barangays has a density of seven persons per hectare.
Barangay Sex
Male Female
Bigke 304 295
Buntatala 692 665
Cagamutan Norte 1,049 1,071
Cagamutan Sur 858 943
Calaboa 670 670
Camangay 299 261
Cari Mayor 737 726
Cari Minor 373 362
Gua-an 607 579
Guihaman 1,032 1,004
Guinobatan 957 998
Guintas 587 609
Lapayon 1,126 1,071
M.V. Hechanova 303 304
Nabitasan 1,400 1,339
Napnud 981 940
Poblacion 1,121 1,322
San Vicente 656 644
TOTAL 13,752 13,803
1,600
1,400
1,200
Population
1,000
Male
800
600 Female
400
200
-
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i gk ata Nor n S abo nga ayo ino a-a ama ata inta ayo nov a sa pnu cio en
B nt n ta al a i M ri M Gu ih ob Gu ap ha bit a bla Vic
N o
Bu uta mu C Cam ar Ca u
G Gui
n L e c Na P an
m g a C . H S
a a V
ag C M
.
C
Barangay
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 30
A. Urban
Buntatala 116.1105 1,357 12
Cagamutan Sur 138.5658 1,801 13
Cari Minor 113.0945 735 6
Guihaman 140.1166 2,036 15
Guinobatan 115.0624 1,955 17
Poblacion 75.5000 2,443 32
Sub-total 698.4498 10,327 15
B. Rural
Bigke 41.5521 599 14
Cagamutan Norte 148.4318 2,120 14
Calaboa 286.7967 1,340 5
Camangay 39.4935 560 14
Cari Mayor 344.0093 1,463 4
Gua-an 157.1484 1,186 8
Guintas 103.7392 1,196 12
Lapayon 426.0592 2,197 5
MV Hechanova 69.7926 607 9
Nabitasan 583.9182 2,739 5
Napnud 138.0531 1,921 14
San Vicente 182.5561 1,300 7
Sub-total 2,521.5502 17,228 7
TOTAL 3,220.0000 27,555 9
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 1
Urban Rural Municipal
Average
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 31
The barangays adjacent to the Poblacion and along the National Highway are
classified as urban barangays.
The urban barangays are situated along the National Highway and are centers of
residential subdivisions growth and expansion. The municipality’s urban to rural
population ratio is 3:5. Among the urban barangays, Poblacion is the most populated due
to the presence of three subdivisions and population catalysts like business
establishments, and major public and social service institutions.
Six (6) of the rural barangays – Bigke, Camangay, Gua-an, M.V. Hechanova,
Nabitasan and Napnud are coastal barangays and are situated along the coastal Highway
connecting Iloilo City and the municipality of Dumangas.
The municipality has a total urban population of 10,327 and a rural population of
17,228.
20,000
18,000
16,000
14,000
Population
12,000
Urban
10,000
Rural
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
-
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
F. Households
The total number of households in the municipality is 5. Poblacion has the highest
number of households with 696 while Camangay has the lowest with 105.
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
Agriculture
Tourism
A. Events
The people of Leganes, even those residing or are working abroad come home to
celebrate together the feast of the miraculous saint every April 5. Along with this joyous
and remarkable festivity is the Saad Festival which is a religious-cultural presentation
showcased a day before the fiesta and the crowning of the year’s Leganes Fiesta Queen.
With the holding of Saad Festival, now on its 4th year, Leganes joined the yearly
Kasadyahan Festival conducted by the Dinagyang Foundation of the Iloilo City
Government. Leganes won the grand prize and was invited to join the Aliwan Festival in
Metro Manila. This is an indication that albeit financial constraint, Leganesnons has
talents to offer and ingenuity to compete.
Cultural Attractions
Historical Attractions
B. Accommodation
The Jaen Beach Resort in M.V. Hechanova, Leganes, Iloilo is a venue for an
overnight stay in nipa huts (cottages) for families and lovers alike. For as low as P
200.00/night, one can have a breath of cold and fresh sea breeze and a fascinating view of
Guimaras. These one-bedroom cottages can accommodate 2-4 persons with a toilet and
bathroom. It has a window overlooking the sea where one can wander ones eyes around
the mesmerizing beauty of sunrise and of sunset. It offers a rural ambiance, away from
the busy urban life.
Aside from staying in the hut and gaining ones spiritual strength there, one can
have a videoke experience at the beach pavilion.
The Gethsemane Retreat House in Napnud is an ideal place for retreats and live-in
seminars with its soothing ambiance. It has eight bedrooms, which can accommodate four
persons per room. It has a big gazebo where lectures can be conducted. It has also a
chapel for spiritual activities.
C. Foods
D. Specialty (Products)
The municipality is known for its bangus and salt production. The municipal
government is into studies at making bangus its product to the OTOP (one town, one
product). Hence, the research for other food products that be made out of this “milky
fish.”
The municipality is also a venue for the ukay-ukay from Saturday to Sunday
weekly.
Specialty Products
E. Entertainment
Entertainment Facility
SOCIAL SERVICES
Health
Health Status
CY 2008
250
N o . o f P re s c h o o l C h ild r e n
200
Normal
150 Below Normal
100 Below Normal Very Low
Above Normal
50
-
C a ta n N la
ud
ih n
in o n
as
C a ur
Gu n
Na n
N a ova
C a ay o r
yon
n te
ke
m u or te
Gu r
C a gay
nV n
ma a
a- a
ino
Gu ama
ta
a
o
S a l a c io
m u nt a ta
in t
pn
as
B ig
lab
ba
ic e
an
V. ap a
n
ri M
ta n
ri M
b it
b
ch
Bu
Gu
Po
L
Ca
He
ga
ga
M.
Ca
Barangay
Health Manpower
CY 2008
Position Number
Physician 1
Nurses 2
Medical Technologist 1
Dental Aides 1
Dentists 1
Midwives 5
Sanitary Inspectors 2
Barangay Health Workers 146
Nutrition Action Officers 1
Barangay Nutrition Scholars 26
Total 186
Barangay Health Stations 4
Family Planning
Social Welfare
Education
Crime Volume
CY 2008
Fire Incidence
CY 2008
Based from the approved Municipal Comprehensive Land Use Plan (MCLUP),
the coastal barangays of the Municipality of Leganes has the following general land uses,
to wit:
Built-up Areas
Industrial Areas
Coastal area was considered as the industrial growth center of the Municipality of
Leganes in which 11.84% of the total land areas of the six coastal barangays were
converted into industrial areas. Industries started to grow in coastal area in 2004, like
wood treatment plant, oxy-acetylene refilling station, LPG gas tank repair, ice plant,
water refilling stations and warehousing and a slaughterhouse.
These are the children’s playground and barangay basketball court in the six (6)
coastal barangays. These cover about 15.36 hectares or 1.49% of the total land area of
thee coastal barangays
Agricultural Areas
Dumpsite
INFRASTRUCTURE
Physical infrastructure that support the fishery industry of the municipality consist
of public wharves, wet market in the Leganes Commercial Complex (LCC) and shore
protection infrastructure.
The municipality has two (2) public wharves, the Jalaur River Wharf constructed
by DPWH located in Sitio Pandan, Brgy. Nabitasan and the Gui-gui Creek Wharf located
in the barangay proper of Barangay Nabitasan. The capacity of these wharves limits
usage to marginal fishing bancas only. The Gui-gui Creek Wharf which was constructed
during the term of Mayor Josil P. Jaen that accommodate cargo vessel is no longer used
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 50
for cargo transport. Rehabilitation of the creek bed to remove accumulated silt caused by
the presence of various fish traps and oyster culture set-ups is necessary.
All six (6) coastal barangays of the municipality are served by the Iloilo Electric
Cooperative I (ILECO I). An exemption to this is coastal squatter household built
outside household cluster of the coastal barangays.
There is one (1) aquaculture research center in the municipality. The University
of the Philippines in the Visayas – Brackishwater Aquaculture Center (UPV-BAC)
located in Barangay Nabitasan has a complete laboratory facilities and research programs
for aquaculture. New technologies can be availed to enhance aquaculture production.
The Municipality of Leganes is teemed with various species of fish and mollusk
identified during the PCRA Training Workshop are the following: sap-sap, lilang, asu-os,
gurayan, gonggong, balanak, pagi, gusaw, sumaral, talakitok, lapu-lapu, alimusan,
bangus, lipis, liwit, lokus, lambiyaw, pasayan, (shrimp), alimango (mud crab), kasag
(blue crab). Shellfish or bivalves also in seasonal basis like green shells, bay-ad and litub.
A. Municipal Fishing
Based on the summary of fish catch the community could hardly get two (2) kilos
of fish catch per unit effort.
Brackishwater fishponds are utilized for bangus, tilapia and shrimp production
adopting traditional culture method. Target production is from 300 kgs to 500 kgs per
hectare per year. However, current conditions of these fishponds require major repairs on
damages brought about by flush flood during Typhoon Frank that occurred in June 21,
2008.
Seaweeds and oyster culture are found along the watered area of Gui-gui Creek in
Barangay Nabitasan in a small scale production set-up. Financial and technical support
from the local government, NGOs and NGAs and other financial institution is needed to
improve harvest of mariculture products. Mariculture is considered to be the
supplemental source of income of marginal fisherfolks of Barangay Nabitasan.
Despite the presence of large fishpond areas in the municipality, only few is
currently productive. Fish produced is unable to meet the level of demand of the
municipality. To fill in the supply and demand gap, the municipality source out its
supply of marine, brackishwater fish from neighboring towns.
Coastal Habitats
A. Mangroves
Mangroves are essential to the ecological and socio economic condition of the
area in which they grows. They play an important role in nutrient cycling and provide a
habitat to many species of fish and mollusk. They also control soil erosion and sediment
deposits in sea beds.
Approximately, 1.0 hectare of natural grown and planted mangrove thrive along
the shorelines and estuarine of Barangay Camangay and Bigke, almost 1.0 hectare
naturally grown mangrove in Barangay Gua-an, and estimated 3.0 hectares mangrove
cover that sporadically grown in a 10.0 hectare abandoned fishpond owned by the
Municipality of Leganes, about 2.0 hectares of mangrove forest in the area previously
occupied by SEAFDEC, 1.0 hectare fully grown mangroves that covers an islet at the
delta of Jalaur River in Barangay Nabitasan, and a 3.0 hectares mangroves that protect
the riverbank along Jalaur River. Dominant mangrove species found in the Municipality
of Leganes as follows:
1. Bungalon
2. Pagatpat
3. Bakhaw
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 52
4. Nipa
B. Coral Reef
All coastal barangays of the Municipality of Leganes has no coral reefs within
their territorial waters. This was determined when a group of divers from DOST make an
underwater assessment in early 2009 as a one of the requirements for the proposed
reclamation project of Leganes Industrial Growth Center. Siltation was noticed to have
accumulated in seabed to approximately 0.66 meters to 0.90 meters depth. This condition
is due mainly to the discharge of Jalaur River and the Salog River.
C. Sea Grass
The Sea grass eco system serves as habitat to many marine species where fish
juvenile thrive and fed themselves with marine micro-organisms that sticks on the leaves.
A 2.50 hectares sea grass cover was noticed by DOST divers about a kilometer distance
from the shore, on territorial waters of Barangay Nabitasan.
Coastal Tourism
Leganes being a coastal municipality with a coastal road from Iloilo City to
Dumangas traversing it, is an ideal area for eco-tourism. It is eleven (11) kilometers from
the city and fifteen (15) kilometers away from the New Iloilo Airport of International
Standard. It is a thirty (30) and forty five (45) minutes ride respectively through a public
utility vehicles. The coastline may not be so inviting due to presence of seaside dwellers
that contribute to coastal pollution but making a closer look through would reveal more
of significant number of attractions.
Organization
There are various organizations that operate within the municipality to promote
effective coastal resource management. These organizations include the municipal
government, non-governmental organizations and national government agencies.
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 54
A. Municipal Government
The municipal government is headed by the Municipal Mayor who is the Local
Chief Executive. Under the mayor are the various executive instrumentalities as follows:
B. Legal Basis
C. Projects
Chapter 3
MANAGEMENT ISSUES, STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES
This chapter presents management issues and strengths prevailing within the six
(6) coastal barangays and the opportunities by which the Municipal Government can
effectively assist in carrying out their respective CRM functions.
The analysis presented in this chapter derives foundations from data and
information presented in Chapter II on Coastal Environmental Profile. The analysis will
serve as a guide, most especially to the municipal implementers in deciding on strategy
options that would best address the issues presented and packages of programs, projects
and activities that would effectively bring about the desired outcome.
STRENGTHS
A closer look at the municipality and its six (6) coastal barangays reveals the
following strengths:
MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Resource Degradation
To ensure a substantial catch per unit of effort, fisherfolk resort to the use of
unsustainable and or highly efficient but destructive fishing gears and methods (such as
fine mesh nets) and unregulated fishing activities that caused resource degradation.
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 58
Pollution
Industrial and agricultural wastes, municipal waste and erosion contribute to the
habitat destruction and resource degradation.
Municipal Waste
Municipal sewage directly to the river (Buntatala, Janipa-an and Jalaur River) into
the sea without undergoing treatment. Although the local government is aware on the
problems of liquid and solid waste implementation of an integrated solid waste
management system is limited and concentrated in the Poblacion only. Segregation of
waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials is not practiced at source.
Plastic materials are evidently scattered along beaches.
Erosion
Lack of institutional arrangements. For the past years, the coastal resource
management was neglected by the local government. In spite of some interventions by
NGOs and government agencies by introducing trainings and projects to restore the
coastal habitat, the activities could not be implemented. The absence of a
Comprehensive Ordinance for the protection of mangrove and the Municipal Fishery
Ordinance Compounds the prevailing issues especially that of resource degradation.
The need for database organization and management is seen as necessary for any
development planning activities from the municipal level to the barangay level.
Relevant, updated and accurate data serve as important tools for decision making.
At present, coastal development planning activities are only confined to the limited
information available.
Limited people awareness and participation. This is the prevailing issue in all
coastal barangays. People awareness and participation is important in all CRM
interventions to ensure best results. It is a common observation that community
participation has been limited since the past years. At the LGU level, coastal resource
management are not well defined. Therefore, all programs, projects and activities
relative to CRM are not given due priority.
OPPORTUNITIES
At the municipal level, the following attributes are considered opportunities for
better CRM implementation:
1. The ten (10) hectares secondary grown mangrove in Barangay Nabitasan and the
one (1) hectare fully grown mangrove in an islet at the north of Jalaur River is an
opportunity for the establishment of Mangrove Protected Areas (MPA) and eco-
tourism industry.
2. Beautiful beaches offer an opportunity for the development of the tourism
industry.
3. The on-going salt making and fish vending livelihood project in Barangay
Nabitasan promote economic enterprise.
4. Organized Bantay Dagat in Barangay Camangay may be an opportunity for
effective law enforcement.
5. The active support of Zoological Society of London (ZSL), the Metro Iloilo
Guimaras Economic Development Council (MIGEDC), the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the Department of Agriculture
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 60
(DA), the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) may be a good channel
to generate funds.
6. Portion of 187 hectare of municipal-owned fishpond that could be converted into
various aquaculture livelihood projects.
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 61
Chapter 4
MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS, STRATEGIES AND POLICIES
The current state of coastal resources of the Municipality of Leganes indicates the
intensified abused on the utilization of these resources in the coastal areas that resulted to
environmental and special program. This situation gradually affected the economic
activities of the coastal barangays especially those who solely depends on fishing as a
source of livelihood.
This key result area addresses problems on coastal resource productivity. The
over exploitation of coastal areas and the destructive method of fishing activities was due
to the absence of an ordinance protecting the coastal resources.
A. Objectives
B. Strategies
C. Policies
4. Aquaculture Development
This corresponds to the need of coastal barangays who have come in search for an
alternative livelihood opportunity that develop their entrepreneurial skills without
sacrificing the sustainability of coastal resources. This will also divert their dependency
on coastal services as their only source of income.
A. Objective
B. Strategies
C. Policies
1. The municipality should coordinate with the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA). The Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) should
provide appropriate technology to fisherfolks that includes, research, credit,
production, packaging, marketing assistance and training for supplementary
livelihood.
2. The municipality in coordination with the Cooperative Development
Authority (CDA) should encourage fisherfolks of coastal barangays to
organize a cooperative in search for an appropriate livelihood technology.
3. The municipality should allocate portion of 187.0 hectare municipal owned
fishpond for aquaculture and mariculture livelihood projects for marginal
fisherfolks.
A. Objective
To assign specific resource uses in the coastal areas and eliminate conflict in the
utilization of municipal waters.
B. Strategies
1. Pass an ordinance for coastal zoning that focus in the delineation of municipal
coastal waters and designation of zone for specific uses.
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 65
C. Policies
1. The municipality and the coastal barangays should establish and implement
coastal zoning scheme that is simple and manageable. The following are the
supplemented zones:
2. Existing coastal resources in the area such as mangroves, sea grass beds
estuarine, etc. should be protected.
3. Land uses of the coastal area should harmonize with coastal zoning scheme.
Present but inappropriate use should be corrected so that adjacent areas
complement each other.
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 66
Coastal Tourism
A. Objectives
B. Strategies
C. Policies
of Leganes IGC as special economic zone. In 1998, the National Economic Development
Authority (NEDA) and the Regional Development Council (RDC) Region VI granted the
“green light” for its development. The LGC is positioned for medium and heavy
industries, ship repair/building with wharf facilities. The impact of this industrial growth
will likewise be seen to spur economic development, an environment that is so inviting
for coastal informal settlers. This lay result area will present options and policy
directions that would prevent and mitigate the risk of coastal ecosystem destruction.
A. Objectives
B. Strategies
C. Policies
This key result area requires interventions from different institutions like DENR,
FARMC,DA-BFAR, other research institutions like SEAFDEC AQD, UPV, URC-CPU,
etc. and the local government that have a define knowledge in organizing and developing
individual capacities for an effective management of coastal resources. This includes
capability building in the development of coastal resource management scheme,
legislative support development, etc.
A. Objectives
B. Strategies
C. Policies
Chapter 5
ADMINISTRATION AND COORDINATION OF IMPLEMENTATION
This chapter presents the process that will be adopted in the implementation of
CRM plan. It discusses the institutional arrangement through which the Municipal
Coastal Resource Management Plan can be most effectively implemented.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
The following principles shall guide the municipal CRM responsible actors in the
implementation of the Municipal CRM Plan.
The Municipal CRM implementing structure as shown in the figure has both
policy making body and implementing body. The Municipal Mayor shall have the over-
all administrative control of CRM implementation.
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 70
A. Municipal Mayor
Shall have the over-all administrative control of CRM implementation
B. Sangguniang Bayan
Shall formulate ordinances and resolutions related to CRM
Shall approve and appropriate funds for the CRM programs and projects
Shall conduct ocular inspection and monitoring on the programs and projects
whether the same was implemented accordingly
F. MFARMC
Shall assist the CRM Section in planning and programming
Monitoring and evaluation
Shall recommend programs and projects to the SB for legislation
G. CRM Section
As the lead coordinating office, the CRM Section shall oversee the
implementation of the Municipal CRM Plan 2004-2014 given a functional structure that
is defined by five programs areas, namely:
A CRM Officer shall be appointed and designated to assist the Municipal Mayor
in the performance of his responsibility with the following functions:
Municipal Mayor
Sangguniang Bayan
MFARMC ICM Technical Working DA/BFAR
Group PAO Fisheries
DENR
DPWH
Municipal Department Municipal Agriculturist MARICOM
Heads PCG
OGAs
NGOs, etc.
CRM Section
Brgy. Nabitasan
Brgy. Gua-an
Brgy. Napnud
Hechanova
Brgy. M.V.
Brgy. Bigka
Brgy. Camangay
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 73
The scope of works of the municipality based on its mandated functions are as
follows:
The ten-year Municipal CRM plan shall be reviewed annually to ascertain if its
content are still relevant, responsive and attainable.
Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 75
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Coastal Resource Management Plan CY 2008-2017 76
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