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SDH
DIGITAL:
INFORMATION IN BINARY.
HIERARCHY:
NEW
NEWENHANCED
ENHANCEDSERVICES
SERVICES NEEDING
NEEDINGSYNCHRONIZATION
SYNCHRONIZATION
SOLUTION.
SOLUTION.
QoS
QoS REQUIREMENT
REQUIREMENT
MULTI-OPERATOR
MULTI-OPERATORENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
LIMITATION
LIMITATIONOF
OFTO-DAY’S
TO-DAY’S NETWORK
NETWORK
ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES OF
OF SDH
SDH
• NETWORK REQUIREMENT
-CHANGING REQUIREMENT
565 400
274 x4
x4
140 x6 100
x4 45 x3
34 32
x7 x5
x4
6 6
8
x4 x4 x4
2 1.5 1.5
• NETWORK REQUIREMENT
-CHANGING REQUIREMENT
M LINE M
U U
X X
M M
U U
X X
M M
U DDF DDF U
X X
DDF DDF
DDF DDF
• NETWORK REQUIREMENT
-CHANGING REQUIREMENT
N/W SURVIVABILITY
1
140M
34M C4
S
D
34M 3
8M C3 H
2M
8M M
U
63
2M X
64K C12
1
C-3 34Mbps
TUG-2
SIGNAL
CONTAINER
SIGNAL
C-1
SIGNAL
C-3
C-4
P
O
CONTAINER
H
P P
T O CONTAINER
R H
POINTER
POINTERisisan anindicator
indicator whose
whosevalue
valuedefines
definesthe
theframe
frameoffset
offsetof
ofaaVCVC with
with
respect
respectto
tothe
theframe
framereference
referenceof
ofthe
thetransport
transportentity
entityon
on which
whichititisissupported
supported
S P P
O T O CONTAINER-4
H R H
CONTAINER-4 C-4
S P P
O T O TUG-3 TUG-3 TUG-3
H R H
P P
T O CONTAINER-3
R H
S P P
O T O TUG-3 TUG-3 TUG-3
H R H
P P
T O CONTAINER-1
R H
9 261
S PAY
O LOAD
H
270
(MATRIX REPRESENTATION)
Thursday, December ALTTC/TX1/SDH/CONCEPTS 29
01, 2005
270 Columns (Bytes)
270
transmit
1 9 row by row
1
RSOH
3
4 AU Pointer Payload
5 (transport capacity)
MSOH
OVERHEAD PAYLOAD
S
O P
H
O C-4
PTR H
Thursday, December ALTTC/TX1/SDH/CONCEPTS 31
01, 2005
FRAME REPRESENTATION
9 261
I I I
S
O PAY LOAD
H
I 270 I
(MATRIX REPRESENTATION)
Thursday, December ALTTC/TX1/SDH/CONCEPTS 32
01, 2005
FRAME REPRESENTATION
MSOH
270
(MATRIX REPRESENTATION)
Thursday, December ALTTC/TX1/SDH/CONCEPTS 84
01, 2005
BIT RATE : STM-N
•• NUMBER
NUMBEROF OFROWS
ROWS==99
•• NUMBER
NUMBEROF OFCOLUMNS
COLUMNS==9+261=270
9+261=270
•• NUMBER
NUMBEROF OFBYTES
BYTES==9x270
9x270
•• NUMBER
NUMBEROF OFBITS
BITS==9x270x8
9x270x8
•• NUMBER
NUMBEROF OFBITS
BITS//SECOND
SECOND==9x270x8x8000
9x270x8x8000
=155520000
=155520000
=155.520
=155.520Mbps
Mbps(STM-1)
(STM-1)
•• BIT
BIT RATE
RATE OF
OFSTM-N
STM-N ==(Nx155.520)
(Nx155.520)Mbps
Mbps
The pointer technology provides a means to accommodate timing differences at SDH networks.
The pointer indicates the start of the payload within a STM-1frame.
STM-1
AU-Pointer
VC-4
1 TU-
PTR
VC-4 POH
VC-12
VC-12
POH
MSOH VC-4
TUG-3
TUG-2
TU-12
Tu pointer
VC-12
B2 B2 B2 K1 K2
D4 D5 D6
D7 D8 D9
D10 D11 D12
S1 M1 E2
A FRAMING B PARITY CHECK
D DATACOM FOR NMS E ORDERWIRE
F USER CHANNEL M MS-REI
K APS MEDIA DEPEDENT
RESERVED FOR NATIONAL USE
UNUSED RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE
(m<n)
Thursday, December ALTTC/TX1/SDH/CONCEPTS 89
01, 2005
NETWORK ELEMENTS
ADD & DROP MULTIPLEXER (ADM):
* PERMITS ADD& DROP OF LOWER ORDER SIGNALS.
(m<n)
STM-m PDH
STM-1/4 STM-1/4
......
STM-n STM-n
STM-n STM-m/PDH
Thursday, December ALTTC/TX1/SDH/CONCEPTS 92
01, 2005
Synchronous Cross Connect
140 VC4
VC 4 140 Mbit/s
140 Mbit/s VC4 140
VC 3
34
VC 12 VC3
34 (45)Mbit/s VC3 34 (45)Mbit/s
VC12
VC11
2 (1.5)Mbit/s VC12 2 2 (1.5)Mbit/s
GNE
¾ Performance Management
¾ Configuration Management
* POINT-TO-POINT:
TM TM
* POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT:
TM ADM TM
TM ADM TM
TM DXC TM
TM TM
ADM
ADM ADM
ADM
STM -16
MAJOR TRUNKS
STM -4
REGIONAL
STM -1 LOCAL
Tier 2 [STM -4 / 16 )
REFGIONAL NETWORK
Tier 3 [STM-1]
LOCAL/ACCESS NETWORK
-1 Local Network
S TM Local
Exchange
FlexMux
Subscriber Mux
Access 64/2M
A Protection
F Tributary B
E Tributary C
Working
D
A Fiber 2
working
F Tributary B protection
E Tributary C