Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pollution control measures taken by Indian Railways in Workshops and Diesel sheds An Overview
INFRA-STRUCTURE OF IR
IR
Metro Railway, Kolkata, Six production units, 67 Divisions . 4000 DIESEL LOCOS. FOR ITS SMOOTH FUNCTIONING.
INFRA-STRUCTURE OF IR
IR deals with the manufacturing of rolling
stock components, Manufacturing /maintenance and repair of Coaches, wagons, diesel locos and electric locos.
A huge amount of waste (Solids or liquids or gases) is generated during these operations.
1 Coaches ( AC & Non-AC): Acid from batteries. Effluents from phosphating plants Polymeric materials( Plastics, rubbers, ) Grease, oil and alkaline( during Cleaning of Coaches) Used composite materials.( Brake blocks, FRP- components etc.) Paints, Kerosene and waste used metals.
Wagons.
Petrol, Diesel, Furnace oil, residue from oil tank wagons. Effluent from Bosch Tank. ( Cleaning of springs), Water oil Mixed Tempering furnace. Kerosene oil mixed. Paints . Used materials.
Locos. ( Sheds) Kerosene oil mixed. Effluent from Locos. Cleaning of locos, Water oil Mixed. Chemicals from coolants water. Paints, Grease, Lube oil & fuel oil ( Leakage during transportation & Emmisions) Polymeric componets Acids etc.
Hospitals Medical waste. Organic & Inorganic chemicals. DOMESTIC. Domestic effluents generated from Canteen and toilets are Organic wastages, Wash water from utensils. Food grains, Waste Vegetable oil Sewage water, Urinals, bathing water.
These waste or effluents, when enter into the environment , disturbs the concentration of air , water , and land or soil, and may be harmful for the life or act as a potential health hazards for any living organisms.
There are four type of pollutants generated from the Rly. Workshops and Diesel Sheds.
TYPES OF POLLUTION IN IR
Water Pollution. Air Pollution. Noise Pollution.
WATER POLLUTION
The term Water Pollution means addition to water matter in excess, which changes the property viz Organic Inorganic Suspended Solid Sediments Radioactive Elements that is harmful to Human being, Animals & Aquatic life.
CLASSIFICATION
Organic Pollutants. Inorganic Pollutants. Suspended Solids and Sediments. Radioactive Materials. Thermal Pollutants.
Source- ENVIRONMENT Only a fraction of 1% is available for humans.Most water is salty, frozen, or inaccessible in the soil and atmosphere.
At New Delhi railway station consultancy contact has been awarded to TATA ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE.
Total 14th Water Recycling plant at different locations like Jabalpur,Katni, Satna, Bhopal, Itarsi, Udaipur,Jodhpur, Puri, Waltier each is proposed to lnstall at the amount of Rs 10.81 crores.
IR have installed Effluents treatments plant in all workshops Diesel & Electrical sheds & production units. In designing the ETP plant the following factors were consider. QUALITY OF EFFLUENTS WATER.
TREATMENT PROCESS.
Quality & quantity of Effluent Water:It is essential to find out the quality & quantity of effluent water passing through different points of the shop & to design efficient and economical treatment plant. Following parameters decide the quality of effluent water.
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Total suspended Solids (TSS). pH. Oil and Grease content
In other words, it is oxygen equivalent to the organic matter that can be oxidized by using strong chemical oxidizing agent in an acidic media.
C O D is always higher than B O D because of more compounds can chemically be oxidized than can be biologically oxidized.
Aerobic Process
It is simple in operation and has lower capital cost compared to other unit process. No Chemical is used in this process.
Only Aerobic Bacteria and atmospheric Oxygen are involved in this process. Organic Matter + Micro-Organism + Oxygen Increased Micro Organism + CO2 +H2O + Energy (Oxidised End Product) IR adopted mostly Aerobic process in workshop and an Aerobic process in diesel sheds or all the above process, as per nature of effluents generated.
Drain Water
3 2 1
Effluent From East End & West End
The monitoring of the ETP is very much essential to asses proper working of the Plant. For this Untreated & Treated Water Samples are analyzed regularly by ETP Laboratory.
Biological Oxygen Demand (B.O.D.) 30 mg / lit. max. Chemical Oxygen Demand (C.O.D.)
Oil & Grease (O&G) 250 mg / lit. max.
pH
STILLING CHEMBER
AERATION TANK
CLARIFIER
GUARD POND
ETP LABORATORY
pH
10.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 0.00 0 /01/06 27/01/06 06/02/06 24/02/06 06/03/06 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 .00
7.46 7.44 7.42 7.40 7.42 7.37 7.41 7.46 7.32 7. 8 7.48 7.48 7.28 7.42 7.47 7.36 7.72 7.70 7.74 7.62
7.60 7.62 7.66 7.72 7.61 7.61 7.76 7.70 7. 6 7.68 7.78 7.60
UTR
28/03/06 03/04/06
Date
TR MAX MIN
2 /04/06 06/0 /06 26/0 /06 02/06/06 23/06/06 14/07/06 28/07/06 01/08/06 28/08/06
TSS in mg/lt
100 120 140 160 180 200 20 40 60 80 05/01/06 0 27/01/06 06/02/06 24/02/06 06/03/06
26 26 22 20 24 22 24 24 24 28 30 34 30 30 32 20
11 10 12 13 16 16 10 11 15
18
Gra h c al
e re e
(Tak
8 18 0
a o
UTR
28/03/06
4 0
03/04/06
17
o T o al
Date
25/04/06
TR MAX
06/05/06
6 14 6
26/05/06
e de d
02/06/06
8 17 6
23/06/06
o l d (T
05/07/06
8 11 8
28/07/06
01/08/06
13
28/08/06
BOD in mg/lt
100 120 20 40 60 80 0
05/01/06 27/01/06 06/02/06 24/02/06 06/03/06 28/03/06 03/04/06 25/04/06 06/05/06 26/05/06 02/06/06 23/06/06 05/07/06 28/07/06 01/08/06 28/08/06
12.00
84 78 80
10.40 11.60 8.40 14.00 12.40 15.20 14.80 12.80 12.40 15.20 14.40 20.40 14.00 16.00 11.60
56
(Taking Two Readings From Each Month)
96 96 10 4 78 72 86 88 62 74 66 74 80
UTR MAX
Date
TR
COD in mg/lt
100 1 0 200 2 0 300 3 0 0 05/01/06 27/01/06 06/02/06 24/02/06 06/03/06 0
24 4 2 2 24 4
48 48 56 52 64
22 4 31 2 19 6 24 4 18 4 17 2 21 6 20 8 24 4 17 6 18 4 24 8 27 2
UTR
Date
28/03/06
48
03/04/06
56
25/04/06
64
TR MAX
06/05/06
52
26/05/06
68
02/06/06
64
23/06/06
60
05/07/06
48
28/07/06
52
01/08/06
68
28/08/06
58
1 1 4
1
(T aking T wo Readings F rom Each Month)
UTR
Date
28/03/06 03/04/06 2 /04/06 06/0 /06 26/0 /06 02/06/06 23/06/06 0 /07/06 28/07/06 01/08/06 28/08/06
1 1 1
TR MAX
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
AIR POLLUTION
T h e
But No Legislation norms laid down presently for Locomotive Diesel Engines. The workshop has the foundries for the manufacturing of Aluminium and cast Iron products in furnaces which are generating gases regularly and are polluting the Environment.
ACCORDING TO ORIGIN
ACCORDING TO STATE OF MATTER Particulate Matter:- Tiny divided solids or droplets (100m down to 0.1m and less). e.g. Dust, Smog. Mist, Aerosols. Gaseous Pollutants:- These are mainly emitted by Industries & Automobiles during burning of fossil fuel. e.g. SO2, NO, CO.
Nitrogen Compounds :- Oxides of nitrogen,NH3. Carbon Compounds:- Oxides of Carbon, Carbonates. Inorganic Particles:- Silica, Fly Ash, Asbestos. Halogen Compounds:- HF, HCl.
ACCORDING TO SOURCES
Natural Sources:- Volcanic Ash, Gas from
Forest fire wind blown dust & Pollution.
Anthropogenic Sources: Industries & Burning Fuels- SO2,NO,CO. Chemical & Metallurgical Industries- Metal Oxides. Iron & Steel Industries-Fumes, H2S , SO2,Dust. Petroleum Refineries. Paper Pulp Industries. Agricultural & Food Processing Industries.
MAIN POLLUTANTS
Particulate Matter Oxides of Sulphur. Oxides of Nitrogen. Oxides of Carbon. Hydro Carbon. Chlorine. Hydrogen Sulphide.
Air pollutants.
Motor vehicles and industrial fuel combustion are major contributors of pollutants.
Air pollutants.
UVR-PENERTRATES THE ATMOSPHERE TO THE EARTH SURFACE,WHERE ITS PRESENCE HARMS LIVING THINGS.
A:A:- Industrial Area. B:B:- Residential Area, Rural Area & Others. C:C:- Sensitive Areas. NOTE: NOTE:- Here the annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurement in an year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.. The 24-hrs/8 hrs. values should be met 98% of the time in a year 24-
Solid wastes
Solid wastes
BIOBIO-DIESEL in IR
To reduce the pollution created by the burning of HSD oil in locomotives and vehicles a big plan has been charted out to manufacture Bio-diesel from Jatropha seed. Jatropha plantation is also under taken at mass level. An MOU with IOC have already made to supply blended bio-diesel to Railways.
ENVIRONMENTALCONCERNS
Emission CO Hydrocarbon Particulate Matter SOOT Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) CO2 NO SO2 Reduction (%) 67 30 68 50 85 100 +/-2--6 80-100
PETRO-DIESEL CO2 CYCLE 13 pounds of fossil CO2 released per gallon burned
Refining
Renewable CO2
Oil Crops
Biodiesel Production
Results No loss of hp, acceleration or any other problem observed during run. No unusual deposits observed on fuel filters.
JATROPHA PLANT
Jatropha Plantation
BIOBIO-DIESEL in IR
For the manufacturing of Bio-diesel, several esterification plants have already been set up at different location like Diesel Shed Kharagpur, Sakurbasti near New Delhi, TKDDiesel shed, Loco workshop Perambur, S.Railway. IRIMEE , for the training of Manufacturing method.
RDSO/LKO has already plan to set up one esterification plant based on Heterogeneous Catalyst as well as to set up testing facilities at the cost of more than ten crores.
BIOBIO-DIESEL in IR
Some trains & Road vehicle are alredy run on blended Bio-diesel in IR. Supported of Bio-diesel.
Conclusion:Conclusion: IR is now fully aware that it is socially, legally and politically unacceptable to pollute the IR premises & its surroundings. The different measures like installation of STP,ETP. Recycling of waste,( WATER & SOLIDS). Uses of non polluting items . Auction of used oils, batteries, sludges to authorized reclaimers have been adopted at different placesses based on the nature of pollutants. Over all IR is effectively taking care in controlling the environmental pollution responsible for its Industrial effluent.
TOMORROWS WORLD
TOMORROWS WORLD
Acknowledgement:Acknowledgement:a) Director/ IRIMEE, Jamalpur, for giving permission to present the paper. b) IRIMEE, Faculty. c) CMT/Liluah. d) Dy.C.CMT/Charbag/Lucknow e) Dy.C.CMT/Jamalpur