The Operation of Subang Jaya Exchange Telekom Malaysia Berhad

Date : 2 June,2011 Name : Nor Azman Bin Rosly IC number : 861002-56-6193

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Figure 1: Operation Flow diagram of Subang Jaya Exchange

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Exchange
Two type of Exchange Fetex and AXE Can be Describe Main frame computer, content Hardware and software Lightning arrester Hardware Huge Cabinet that content Interface card, with many output port , each port connected to LEN ( line equipment number ) at MDF ( Main distribution frame) 1 card =4 port = 4 telephone line Software Program that control Telephone network, by using special command This software also show status and information for every telephone line
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Function of Exchange
 Provide connection between caller and receiver and disconnect the connection when the conversation is over  Record the meter reading for every month for every customer for payment purpose.  Provided add-on service for customer. Like quick dial, call diverts. Call waiting and many more. This can be done by typing specific command to telephone exchange  Supplying several kind of tone that have own meaning Dial tone: state that exchange ready to receive information from caller Ring tone : alert tone that alert the receiver that someone have calling Busy tone: State that, the call cant be made because all channel are user or no free channel Invalid number tone : tone that state the number that been call are not in service or not available for temporary
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Main Distribution Frame (MDF)

What ?

Place between Exchange and cabinet,

MDF provide physical connection between Exchange to Cabinet

Main component is:

Horizontal LEN (exchange side) Vertical LEN (line side)

MDF Main component

LEN (Line Equipment number), Two type
 Horizontal LEN (exchange side)  Have directly connection with EXE and FETEX exchange  96 pair (EXE), 100 pair (FETEX) and every pair are numbered  1 pair = 1 telephone number

Figure 2: Horizontal LEN (exchange side)

Vertical LEN (line side)

 usually called bar

 of pair have connection with copper cabinet, though underground cable

For Example
Bar 1 1 Vertical Pair 1-600 1-1200 Cabinet 20 22 Cabinet Pair 101-700 101- 700 Address JLN SS 18 /1C SBJ JLN SS 18 /6 SBJ
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Figure 3: Krone type Vertical LEN

Figure 4: Norton Type vertical LEN

Jumpering are done when

 New application of telephone line  Change in service, Change of customer address Add of service ( Example Normal line to Streamyx )

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Copper cabinet
In copper cabinet, there are 2 group of Vertical LEN E- side ( Exchange side) LEN Have direct connection with BAR in MDF with underground copper cable, Avery pair represent same telephone number as pair in BAR D side ( Distribution side ) LEN Avery pair in this LEN are connected with Distribution panel at telephone pole behind customer house or inside customer house Jumpering are done between this two LEN, when there are request for new installation of telephone line

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Copper cabinet

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Fiber 0ptic communication

2 type of connection
Fiber to the street ( FTTS) Fiber cable that connected Exchange to Fiber cabinet on the street

Fiber to the office (FTTO) Fiber cable that connected Exchange to Secondary Distribution frame (SDF) SDF is are small room inside large bullding , can be describe as mini version of MDF Example cooperate customer premise. likesupermaket, kondominium , apartment, office and other

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Fiber 0ptic communication

Fiber To The Street (FTTS)

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Fiber Cabinet

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Fiber 0ptic communication

Fiber To the office (FTTO) Fiber cable from Exchange directly to customer building or sepicificly to Secondary Distribution Frame (SDF)

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Fiber 0ptic communication

Fiber equipment function

Equipment At Exchange building convert analog signal from MDF to digital signal, and than by using multiplexer, Numbers of N telephone line channel are deliver with single fiber optic cable Equipment At Fiber cabinet or SDF By using demultiplexer ,signal from single fiber cable are expand the to numbers of N telephone channel and been convert back to analog signal

N value are depend on type of Fiber equipment use usually 30 or 10 channel of telephone line

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Digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM)

Asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL) provide voice and data service for

internet access
DSLAM Are device that add data service to the telephone line

There are 2 Method how installation of DSLAM are made

DSLAM that been install inside Exchange building Installation are done inside MDF Usually Called ADSLAM DSLAM that been install outside Exchange building Installation are done inside fiber cabinet or near to copper cabinet and SDF Usually Called RDSLAM, SDSLAM, IPDSLAM

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DSLAM that been install inside Exchange building

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DSLAM that been install Fiber cabinet

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Fiber cabinet with DSLAM

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Secondary Distribution Frame (SDF)

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Secondary Distribution Frame

(SDF)

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