The Civil War

In correlation with Virginias 6th Grade Social Studies Standards of Learning

By: Katie Tardiff, Speech-Language Clinician Crestwood Elementary School

TIMELINE


The Civil War lasted from 1861 until 1865. The southern states wanted to have their own nation and to be free to decide what laws to have. The north did not want the country to be broken apart.
1863
* President Lincoln writes the Emancipation Proclamation, stating that all slaves should be freed * Battle of Vicksburg * Battle of Gettysburg

1861
* South secedes from the Union * Confederate troops attack Ft. Sumter, SC * First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)

1865
* General Lee surrenders to General Grant at Appomattox Court House

A Nation Divided


Life in the Northern and Southern states was different in many ways. These differences often caused conflicts and divided the nation. The Northern States were called Union States, while the States, Southern States were called Confederate States

What Were the Differences?

1. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES:
The people of the North and South did not agree on social and political issues

The North-- an urban society North-in which people held jobs

The South-- an agricultural South-society in which people lived in small villages and on farms or plantations

2. ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES


The North and South did not agree on the use of tariffs. A tariff tariffs. is an added price or fee that you must pay.

The North liked tariffs because North they protected factory owners and workers from competition in other countries The South against tariffs South * Planters were afraid that England might stop buying cotton from the South if tariffs were added.

3. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT


The North believed in a strong central government that would govern all of its states The South wanted each state to have the right to make its own laws

4. SLAVERY


The North believed that slavery was morally wrong and should be abolished (stopped forever) The South believed that the abolition of slavery would destroy the nations economy

SECEDING FROM THE UNION



Abraham Lincoln was elected the 16th President of the United States in 1860. Lincoln and many Northerners believed that the United States was one nation that should not be separated or divided. Most Southerners believed that states had freely created and joined the union and could freely leave it. In 1861, the Southern states began to secede (leave) the union. They formed their own nation and called themselves The Confederate States of America. America.
Abraham Lincoln
The 16th President of the U.S.

THE UNION
States that seceded from the Union:
          

States remaining in the Union:

Border states (slave states): Delaware Kentucky Maryland Missouri Free States:
California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New New

Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia

Hampshire

Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont West Virginia (Western counties of Virginia that refused to secede from the Union) Wisconsin

MAP OF THE STATES

LEGEND:

 States that
seceded from the Union States that remained in the Union States that remained in the Union

 Slave

 Free

THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS

In April of 1861, the disagreements between the Northern and Southern states were at an all-time high. all The Confederate Army of the Southern States attacked Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina.  President Lincoln was forced to declare WAR!


click on the image to see a movie

MAJOR BATTLES AND EVENTS OF THE WAR

 

The attack on Ft. Sumter began the war The First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) was the 1st Major Battle

click on the image to see a movie

MAJOR BATTLES AND EVENTS OF THE WAR



The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation made freeing the slaves the new focus of the war. Many freed slaves joined the Union Army. The Battle of Vicksburg divided the South. The North got control of the Mississippi River. The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the war because the Union Army stopped the Confederates from invading the North.

click on the image to see a movie

CIVIL WAR LEADERS

ABRAHAM LINCOLN
* President during the Civil War * Opposed to slavery * Wrote the Emancipation Proclamation * Determined to keep the United States as one country * Delivered the Gettysburg Address

JEFFERSON DAVIS
* President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War

CIVIL WAR LEADERS

ROBERT E. LEE
* Leader of the Confederacy (Army of Northern Virginia) * Had been offered command of the Union forces at the beginning of the Civil War, but chose not to fight against Virginia * Told Southerners to admit that they lost the war and to come together as Americans after the war ended

ULYSSES S. GRANT
* Leader of the Union Army * Won the War against the Confederacy

CIVIL WAR LEADERS

THOMAS STONEWALL JACKSON

* Was a skilled Confederate general from Virginia

FREDERICK DOUGLAS
* A former slave who escaped to the North and became an abolitionist (someone who believes slavery is wrong and should be illegal)

THE ROLE OF WOMEN



Women were forced to stay home and run businesses in the North and farms or plantations in the South.
Clara Barton was a nurse during the Civil War. She created the American Red Cross. Cross.

Clara Barton

AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE WAR



African Americans fought in both the Confederate and Union Armies, but they were paid less than white soldiers. African American soldiers were discriminated against and served in separated units led by white officers. Robert Smalls was an African American sailor and Union Naval Captain. He was honored for being very brave and a hero. He became a Congressman after the Civil War.

click on the image to see a movie

THE END OF THE WAR



The war was long and painful. Over 600,000 men died and over 1,100,000 were injured. General Lee surrendered to General Grant on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. The war was OVER!

Lee surrenders to Grant

EFFECTS OF THE WAR

     

Many southern cities were devastated and Atlanta and Richmond were even burned to the ground Families and friends were often forced to fight against each other Southern soldiers were young and did not have many uniforms or supplies Many men died from battle or disease The fighting was very dangerous Since the Confederacy lost, their money was worthless

Atlanta Burning