www.kumarikrishna.blogspot.

com

(1571-1630)

" [Insights] ."

Fig. 1
Planetary Motions
By Kepler

) )

2500 *
/ * [Pythagoras], / )
/ , / /)/ )
) ! ) 8 )
, 8 ) 8 )
! *
/ !
* [Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)] /
* * ! / /*

! *) ,

)* ! ) * ,
* / ) ! /
/
! / ) /)/
) / )
! , * /
8, / / / !
* ) /, [Aristarchus (310-230 B.C.)] /

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, / ) )! ) /)/
[Sun-centered or Heliocentric] /
* ! * ) *
, / ) * )!
/ , * *
. ) ) , )
/) , /8 , * /
.
* * [Eratosthenes (276-194 B.C.)] / ) 4%
) , ) / .
) , [ ]
, * * ! )
) / ) 24,000 / ! /
/ [Tilt of Earth Axis] )/
.
* / [Hipparchus (190-120 B.C.)] /8 )
) , * . ) /8
/ [Constellations of Stars] . )/
: / ) * , * //
[Equinoxes], * )!
[Astrolabe] / .
. . 87-150 / [Ptolemy] * ) *
[Prince of Astronomers] /! /)
[Geo-centric or Earth centered] / * / ! )
* ) 1500 !
/) * , / / [Mathematical
Model] ! /) * , /)
/ , /)
[Retrograde Motion] ! ,
// ) [Epicycles] /
! ) * /!
) ) //
.. 2000 ) )
//) ) / . ) )
) * .
2500 ( . . 500 *) ) )
) . * )
) * *)
) ) / .
)/

) )

1. ) *

* ).

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2. / ) )

3. ) ) ) .
4. /8 /
.

. . 500 ) ) / ) ) .
/ ) ) ) ) /)/ /
) . ) / ) 1,582,237,500
57,753,336 / /
.
/ ) )
27.396 (1,582,237,500 /
57,753,336 =27.396) )/ .
/ / ) (Dick Teresi) " )
) / ) /)
) . ) * *
. / ! / / !

Fig. 2
Old Helio-Centric Chart

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) ) (Yajnavalkya) / ) / .
* / ) ) *
108 / .
107.6 110.6 )/ .
/)/ ? / /)/ ?
. . 476-550 ) ) / ) , /
, )
) )) / ) .
) * , * * )
! ) 8 ) [Elliptical Orbits]
! )
, ) )
* ) * !
) * ) , * 8 [Arjehir]
!

. . 1473-1543 / [Nicolaus
Copernicus] , /) / [Sun-centered

or Helio-centric System] 8* ). ) 88
, 225 , / 365 , 1.9 , )
12 , 30 / !
, / * /) [Geo-centric or Earth
centered] , * ) /
, / )

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! /) / * ) , * , *
) * !
/ , / 8 , /)
*, [Concerning

the
Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs (Six Volumes)] / )
/ , * ) / * !
/ ) / * [Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)]

, / ), *,
/8 , / ! / / ) ,
) ) * ! 1572
[Nova] ) ) / . 1577 /8
[Comet] / * , )
! / 8 ) *
[Uraniborg Observatory] ). 1600
/ ) / [Johan Kepler]
* ) ) .
)
[Laws of Planetary Motion] )
) / ! * [Geometrical
Description] / ) [Physical Force]
) ) [Dynamical Astronomy] , )
) ) / *) ! ) ) [Modern Optics]
/ ) *! )
, /
) /, *! * , ) ) /
) ) ! ) ) ,
(1642-1726) ,

)!
) / ) [Infinitesimals in Mathematics]
*
[Calculus] ) ).
) ! / [Wilhem
Leibniz (1646-1716)] )
!

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Fig. 3
Geo-Centric & Helio-Centric Systems
1600 ) [William Gilbert (1544-1603)] /
*/ /
[Giant Magnet] ,
) ) /
* !
, ) 8 )
) ) . )
, /)
/) ) / *
* [Dynamic Universe] . *
, ) )
, * ) * ) ) / ,
!

1571 27 [Johannes Kepler] / )

, [Weil der Stadt, Wuttemberg] , ,
) [Premature Baby] .
, ) [Innkeeper] /
) ) ! / /
! ) ,
* ) ! ) , )
! ,
! ) ) ,
/) */ !
, * ) , 1587
[University of Tubingen] .
, [Mathematical Science].
, * ) [Geometry], ) [Astronomy], )
! * , 8 / . / ,
) ) ) ) / . ,
) ), / / [Michael Maestlin].
* / A
/ ! /
) ) /) * /
/ , . ) ,
,
/ ) , /)
!
1588 B.A. , 1591 M.A. ,
* ) ) * [Lutheran Church Minister] , / [Theology]
) . , ) * )
) , * )
) / ) / ,

www.kumarikrishna.blogspot.com
1594 ) / . 1612 ) [Linz, Austria]
) ) .
/ * [Barbara] , 1613 * /
[Susanna] / . / ) )
* [Wine Barrels] ) [Volume of Wine] ,
8 [Diagonally] ) !
/ ? !
) * ! ) [Volumes

of Solids of Revolution] ! ) *

[Bonavetura Cavalieri (1598-1647)], [1642-1726] ) * )

, [Calculus] / !

Fig. 8
Keplers Three Planetary Laws

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* * 8* !
/ ) , /
. * ) ) !
) ,
/) ) ) , .
/ , ) * ,
! /, * /
[Mathematical Model] , * ) !
* / *, ) )
!
[Insights] ,
!
// , 1619
* / 8* [The

Harmony of the World (Cosmos)] !

/ */ * / [Mathematical Model of
Cosmos] . / * / 8* *
[Kepler 's Third Law] ! *

* [Ratio of Squares of their Periods],
* [Ratio of Cubes of their Radii] !
/ ) / * ,
, /)
!

* , , )
, )
, / * [Spatial Setup] ,
* ,

, [Kepler 's Laws]. 1609
) ) ) [New

Astronomy] *
) ) ! ) * / 8* [Harmony

of the World
(Cosmos)] 1619 !
:- ) /)/ [Focus]
8 ) [Elliptical Orbits] . .
) / , ) !
) 8 , !
* :- ) /)/ 8
, ) * / / *
. * ! , ) ,
/ ) ! ) !

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Fig 9
Keplers Planetary Laws
Details

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Fig. 5
The Present Accepted System
:- ) * [Cube of the
Distance], ) * [Square of the Period]
. , * /
* ) [(Cube of the Distance)/(Square of the Period), Ratio is a
constant].
[Empirical Laws]!
) , * ) , )
)
! , )
,
*
/ ! ) ,
// !
1596 ) * */ //[Cosmographic

Mystery]
, ) ) [Giant Force] , ) /
* ! * / ,
) [Force inversely diminishes with distance]

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* ! /
/) ) !
Fig. 6

Old Ptolemy System Chart

/ / *
/ ) / * [Astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)] )
/ , 700 / /8
/ , )/ . 17

, ) )
/ ) ! , / [One Globe & Two

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Compasses] / ) ) ) ) [Astronomical Tables]
! 1572
[Supernova] . / , / , 1576
) [Observatory] , 20 * .
* /) !
/ ) /) / [Earthentered System], /)
/ [Sun-centered System] , * [Brahe
System] !
* / , , , ) , ) /
) , ) * / )
! /8 / )
. * * ) , *
) )! 1600 *
) ) , * * ,
) , ! 1601 * / ,
* ) , ) * .
** [Emperor Rudolf II] *) * , * )
), *
* !
)
) ) ) : * */ // [Cosmographic
Mystery (1596)], ) ) [New Astronomy (1609)], ) [The
Sidereal Messenger (1610)], ) ) [Optics (1611)], ) *
[Narration Concerning the Jovian Satellites (1611)], * / 8* [Harmony of
the World (1619)], ) [Epitome on Copernican Astronomy (1621)],
[Rudolfine Planetary Tables (1628)].
) / ) , !
! ) / ) / , *
) , [High & Low Tides] , *
/ ) ! / ) /)
) , / )
) / !

[Calculus] .
) ) [Optics] ) .
/ , ,
[Observations] ) /)
) ) [Theory

of Gravitational Force] !

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Fig. 13
Copernicus, Brahe & Galileo
) / /
/ ) , * / ,
/ /)
!
) ) / )

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. ) / )
) * , /
, . ) *
[Satellites] ) )* ) ! ) [Napier]
1614 )
) [Logarithm Tables] ) ,
) ) [Rudolphine Planetary
Tables] 1628 / ) ) !
) / 59 ) , 1630
15 / . /) )
8* , ) / ) * ,
) ) ,
) ) / ! 1604
) /8 [Kepler 's Supernova]
) !
) / )

2009 / 6 ) *
-2 * (Delta II Rocket) , *
/ ) / * ) ) (Kepler Space
Telescope) */ ). / )
(Johannes Kepler) / )
/) ) (Earth-Trailing Heliocentric Orbit) )
. / ) ) * (1 AU Miles)
372.5 ) . / *
) .
1039 . *
. ) ) :
* ) 100,000 /8
/ ) / / , /8 ) * )
) .