History of Rock and Roll

INTRODUCTION

Rock and Roll started after the year 1955 with its roots being in
Blues,
Gospel, and Jazz. This influenced vocal music, which was popular with
the
African American population. Hep Harmony which added rhythm and
harmony was
sung by groups such as The "Mills Brothers" and the "Ink Spots".

Small Swing Bands or Jump Bands featured saxophone soloists and

repeated
phrases. These city style blues featured singers such as Joe Turner,
Dina
Washington, T-Bone Walker, and composer-singer Percy Mayfield.

During this era, country blues traditions of the south became

influential in the North as well. Blacks moved from the South to the
North and
Chicago became the center of blues recordings. This emphasized electric
guitars, harmonicas, and drummers who emphasized after beats (beats 2
and 4 of
the measure). Black gospel music was very popular and given the label
of
rhythm and blues (R&B). This music was carried on radio and popular
with the
disc jockeys.

In the mid 50's, Chuck Berry and Little Richard were popular and
changed
the face of music, which was named rock and roll by the D.J.'s.

1956-1962

At age 21, in 1956, Elvis Presley was introduced to the public

with his
rockabilly style of music. His first record, "Heartbreak Hotel" was
recorded.
It was the first of a consecutive 14 records to sell over one million
copies.

He inspired other country singers to sing rock and roll. This

started a
trend for "cover" recordings. This was when white singers simplified
versions
of Black recorded songs. White singers were played on more radio
stations and
became very popular.

Young listeners became their largest audience. Young singers

were hired
to record songs featuring adolescent issues. "Young Love", "16
Candles", and
"Teenage Crush". Such singers as Little Richard, Chuck Berry, and
Jerry
Lee Lewis became famous and popular.

Love ballads also became more popular, with the musical audience
looking
for sentimental and honest expression. This turned some of the more
popular
music from rock to folk ballads. Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, and Peter,
Paul, and
Mary were the more popular folk singers.

1963-1969

During this period, the Beatles became the most popular band of
the
1960's. In the 1950's, the Beatles were also known as Johnny and the
Moondogs
and then the Moonshiners. They first became known as the Silver
Beatles. They
brought about the renewal of rock and roll, starting in Liverpool,
England.
John Lennon (10/9/40-12/8/80), led the Beatles as the lead singer and
songwriter. Also writing the songs for the Beatles was Paul McCartney
(6/18/42-
present). George Harrison (2/25/43-present) added to the sounds of the
Beatles.
In 1962, Ringo Starr (7/7/40-present) became the drummer for the band.
They
were now known as The Beatles, (the Fab Four).

Their first song "Love Me Do" was recorded in 1962, after Ringo
joined
the band. In 1964, the Beatles 'invaded' the United States, by bringing
their
music here and driving the crowds wild. The Beatles bridged the
generation gap
and language barriers. They were trend setters, with their style of
dress and
hair changing the face of the young people. They also influenced the
use of
hallucinogenic drugs, Indian music, and Eastern mysticism.

The Beatles last concert was in San Francisco in 1966. The

band broke
up in 1970. Lennon went on to record solo albums and with his wife,
Yoko Ono.
McCartney went on to form Paul McCartney and Wings, with his wife,
Linda.
Harrison and Starr also went on to do solo albums. Ringo also starred
in some
films. Rumors of a reunion were believed until the murder of John
Lennon in
1980.
 Some of the groups influenced by the Beatles were The Who, Cream
with
Eric Clapton, and Chicago Blues. They brought out sounds such as loud
music,
guitar screeches, and on stage smashing of instruments. During this
time, rock
operas and rock musicals became popular, such as Tommy, The Who and
Hair.

Formed in 1962 the Rolling Stones started becoming popular. In

1964,
The Rolling Stones were first known as Muddy Waters. They had wild
stage
antics and brutal lyrics. The group consisted of 5 members from
London. Mick
Jagger led the group as the lead singer. Keith Richards on guitar,
Brian Jones
(replaced in 1969 by Mick Taylor). Mick Taylor was replaced in 1976 by
Ron
Wood (from Rod Stewart's band). Bassist Bill Wyman and drummer,
Charlie Watts
made up the rest of the Stones. By the late 60's they called
themselves the
world's greatest rock band.

The Stones were number one on both sides of the Atlantic, with
their hit
"Satisfaction" in 1965. The Stones put out more than 35 albums. Many
of their
lyrics covered taboo subjects ( for their time), such as sex and drugs.
In the
1980's, thier image mellowed and they went on to other endeavors. In
1985,
Jagger recorded a solo album, "She's The Boss". Following this album,
he did a
hit remake with David Bowie of "Dancing in the Streets". The Stones
reunited
in 1989, for a 4 month, 40 city tour, which was seen by over 3 million
people.
They rolled in over 70 million dollars from ticket and merchandise
sales.

Motown became popular during the late 60's with the emergence of
female
singers such as Diana Ross and the Supremes. Other Motown singers such
as the
Temptations used dance and music together to enhance their popularity.
Stevie
Wonder was also another Motown great. This started the trend of soul
music.

During the 1960's hippies, drugs (LSD and Acid), and protests
filled the
air of this time. Groups such as The Mamas and The Papas, Country Joe
and the
Fish, Jefferson Airplane, and the Greatful Dead were influenced by
these trends.
 The Woodstock Festival that took place in August 1969, showed
that by
this time that music was an important element in the life of America's
youth.
This brought about a whole different look at the music industry.

1970-1979

This decade saw the division of rock into subdivisions beyond

the
general categories of hard rock (extremely loud and electrically
amplified) and
mellow rock (softer, and with acoustic instruments). Rock blended with
reggae,
which emerged from Jamaica around 1972, and is a mix of rock, soul,
calypso,
and other Latin rhythms.

Other styles emerging in the 70's were punk rock, bubble gum
music, and
heavy metal rock which continued the hallucinogenic approach of acid
rock, but
using loud volume, electronic distortion, and vulgar stage antics.
Some bands
expressing these feelings were Kiss, Alice Cooper, Led Zeppelin.

Led Zeppelin, who is a British rock group was most popular

during 1970s.
The members were: lead singer Robert Plant (born 1948), guitarist Jimmy
Page
(born 1944), bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones (born 1946), and
drummer
John Bonham (1948-80). Led Zeppelin was founded in1968 by Jimmy Page.
They
released their first album, Led Zeppelin, in 1968. Other popular albums
included Led Zeppelin II (1969), III (1970), and IV (1971), Houses of
the Holy
(1971), The Song Remains the Same (1976), and In Through the Out Door
(1976).
Their most famous song was `Stairway to Heaven' (1971). With the death
of
Bonham in 1980, the band was at a great loss, and band members (Plant
and Page)
went on to solo careers. The reunion of the remaining band members
was in
1985, for a Live Aid benefit concert in Philadelphia. Another reunion
took
place in 1988 for Atlantic Records' 40th anniversary celebration (John
Bonham's
son, Jason, played the drums).

SUMMARY

There were many other bands not mentioned in this report that
influenced
music in the 60's, 70's, and the 80's. Some of these bands include
Pink Floyd,
The Doors, Eagles, Genesis, CSNY (Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young), The
Monkees,
Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Chicago, Fleetwood Mac, Jackson Browne,
Michael
Jackson, and many others.

Rock and Roll has been an important part of young peoples lives
for
decades and decades to come. Music is a way of expression for some and
a way
of relaxing for others.