T.RAJESH NIPER,HYDERABAD.

CONTENTS
ADVANCES IN

SOLID DOSAGE FORMS 2. SEMISOLID DOSAGE FORMS 3. GRANULATION TECHNIQUES 4. COATING TECHNOLOGIES 5. ORAL DRUG DELIVERY 6. CR TECHNOLOGIES
1.

SOLID DOSAGE FORMS APPROACHES

MUPS CO-CRYSTALS DEVELOPING DIRECTLY COMPRESSIBLE FORMS MULTIPARTICULATE SYSTEMS IMPLANTS

MUPS

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE 147 (2010) 216

MUPS EX: Beloc ZOK , Antra MUPS and Prevacid SoluTabTM, Nexium, Acimax, Losac.

CO-CRYSTALS Depakote , Tegretol, Prozac, Sporanox.

Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 JulAug; 71(4): 359370

SEMISOLID DOSAGE FORMS

Foam drug delivery Rectal ointments Creams a) containing microspheres b) containing lipid nano particles c) Lamellar faced creams Delivery of monoclonal antibodies , vitamins, epidermal growth factors is under research.
INT.J. PHARMTECH RES.2011,3(1)

GELS
CR gels Hydrophilic gels Amphiphilic gels Organo gels Non aqueous gels Bioadhesive gels Thermosensitive gels Complexation gels

ORGANO GELS

AMPIPHILIC GELS STRUCTURE

SOL-GEL FORMATION METHOD

COMPLEXATION GEL CROSSLINKAGE PATERN

GRANULATION TECHNIQUES
PNEUMATIC DRY GRANULATION (PDG)

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES REVIEW AND RESEARCH, VOLUME 5, ISSUE 3, NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2010.

The use of a low compaction force produces soft and porous granules that can be fractionated with the above fractionating device. Low compaction force is advantageous because it preserves the maximum amount of binding capacity for the tabletting phase and it alters minimally the chemical or physical properties of the API as opposed to conventional methods.
The fractionating device selects particles according to their flowability and they adhere in the process by electrostatic means rather than using chemical bindings (water).

FREEZE GRANULATION TECHNOLOGY

By spraying a powder suspension into liquid nitrogen, the drops (granules) are instantaneously frozen. In a subsequent freeze-drying the granules are dried by sublimation of the ice without any segregation effects as in the case of conventional drying in air. The result will be spherical, free flowing granules, with optimal homogeneity.

FOAMED BINDER TECHNOLOGIES

Foam granulation takes advantage of the tremendous increase in the liquid surface area and volume of polymeric binder foams to improve the distribution of the water/binder system throughout the powder bed of a solid dose pharmaceutical formulation. A simple foam generation apparatus is used to incorporate air into a conventional water-soluble polymeric excipients binder such as METHOCEL hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose). The resulting foam has a consistency like shaving cream. Hypromellose polymers are ideal candidates for this technology because they are excellent film formers and create exceptionally stable foams. In a small-scale laboratory setting or in a full-scale production setting, the foam generator can be connected directly to high-shear, low-shear, or fluid bed granulation equipment.

MELT GRANULATION TECHNOLOGY

Melt granulation is processes by which granules are obtained through the addition of either a molten binder or a solid binder which melts during the process. This process is also called melt agglomeration and thermoplastic granulation.

STEAM GRANULATION

This steam injection method, which employs steam at a temperature of about 150 C., tends to produce local overheating and excessive wetting of the particles in the vicinity of the steam nozzles, thereby causing the formation of lumps in the granulated product.

MOISTURE ACTIVATED DRY GRANULATION (MADG)

In this method moisture is used to activate the granules formation but the granules drying step is not necessary due to moisture absorbing material such as MCC.

THERMAL ADHESION GRANULATION PROCESS (TAGP)

TAGP is performed under low moisture content or low content of pharmaceutically acceptable solvent by subjecting a mixture containing one or more diluents and/or active ingredients; a binder; and optionally a disintegrant to heating at a temperature in the range from about 30C to about 130C in a closed system under mixing by tumble rotation until the formation of granules. This method utilizes less water or solvent than traditional wet granulation method . It provides granules with good flow properties and binding capacity to form tablets of low friability, adequate hardness and have a high uptake capacity for active substances whose tabletting is poor.

ADVANCED COATING TECHNOLOGIES

ADVANCED COATING TECHNOLOGIES

Photocurable coating, Magnetically assisted impaction coating, Compression coating, Gelatin coating, Hot melt coating, Powder coating, Electrostatic dry coating, Supercritical fluid coating.

Advances in Pharmaceutical Coatings, Int.J. ChemTech Res.2010,2(1).

MAGNETICALLY ASSISTED IMPACTION COATING (MAIC)

Excitation of magnetic particle. De-agglomeration of guest particles. Shearing and spreading of guest particles on the surface of the host particles. Magnetic-host-host particle interaction. Magnetichostwall interaction. and Formation of coated products.

COMPRESSION COATING

Used in the recent years for creating modified-released products. It involves the compaction of granular materials around a preformed tablet core using speciallydesigned tableting equipment. Compression coating is a dry process

http://www.pua.edu

GELATIN-COATED TABLETS

This allows the coated product to be about onethird smaller than a capsule filled with an equivalent amount of powder. The gelatin coating facilitates swallowing. Gelatin coated tablets are more tamper evident than unsealed capsule.

HOTMELT COATING

Hot melt coating utilizes a solvent-free fluidized bed technology to deposit a lipid film coating onto the surface of drug particles.

Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2009 May;57(5):464-71

http://www.gate2tech.com/article.php3?id_article=6

POWDER COATING

http://www.patheon.com/Portals/0/Scientific%20Papers/Published%20 Articles/tc_20100401_0018.pdf

ELECTROSTATIC DRY COATING

The basic principle of electrostatic spraying concerns propulsion of the dry powder by compressed air through a spray gun, by which it becomes electrically charged and then moves and adheres to the earthed substrate surface.

EX: Chronocort

IJPCR July-September, 2009, Vol 1, Issue 2 (55-61)

ORAL MUCOSAL DELIVERY

FAST DISSOLVING TABLET (FDT) FAST DISSOLVING FILMS FAST CAPS BUCCOADHESHIVE FILM AND TABLETS MEDICATED CHEWING GUMS

TECHNOLOGIES OF PREPARATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLET

Ziplets technology used with water insoluble compounds as both bulk actives and as coated microparticles. It was found that the addition of a suitable amount of a water-insoluble organic excipient combined with one or more effective disintegrants imparted an excellent physical resistance to the ODT, and simultaneously maintained optimal disintegration, even at low compression forces and tablet hardness.

PHARMA TIMES - VOL 40 - NO. 4 - APRIL 2008

CR TECHOLOGIES MAINLY BASED ON

COATING TECHNOLOGY USING VARIOUS POLYMERS FOR COATING TABLETS, NONPAREIL SUGAR BEADS, AND GRANULES MATRIX SYSTEMS MADE OF SWELLABLE OR NONSWELLABLE POLYMERS SLOWLY ERODING DEVICES OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED DEVICES

Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation, 2009, Vol. 3, No.1

EXAMPLES
TECHNOLOGY SODAS IPDAS CODAS GEOCLOCK GEOMATRIX MARKETED PRODUCTS AVINZA, RITALIN LA AND FOCALIN XR. NAPRELAN VERELAN LODOTRA SULAR, ZYFLO CR, CORUNO, RATIOPHARM UNO AND MADOPAR DR. INNOPRAN XL SLOFEDIPINE XL (NIFEDIPINE) AND CYSTRIN CR (OXYBUTYNIN). ZOLADEX, DUROS. LUPRON, PROFACT

DIFFUCAPS TIMERX

IMPLANTS PROLEASE

REFERENCES.

A FLEXIBLE TECHNOLOGY FOR MODIFIED-RELEASE DRUGS: MULTIPLE-UNIT PELLET SYSTEM (MUPS), JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE 147 (2010) 216. DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID SELF-EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: PREPARATION TECHNIQUES AND DOSAGE FORMS, DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY VOLUME 13, NUMBERS 13/14 JULY 2008. A REVIEW ON ORAL MUCOSAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM, IJPSR (2010), VOL. 1, ISSUE 5. RECENT ADVANCES IN GRANULATION TECHNOLOGY, IJPSR, VOLUME 5, ISSUE 3, NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2010

CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES, PHARMA TIMES - VOL 38 - NO. 4 - APRIL 2006. CONTROLLED-RELEASE OF ORAL FORMULATION, FILL & FINISH 2003. DOSAGE FORMS,

SOLVENTLESS COATING TECHNOLOGY FOR SOLID PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS , INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2009; 1(2): 55-61 55 . PHARMACEUTICAL CO-CRYSTALS: A REVIEW, INDIAN PHARM SCI. 2009 JULAUG; 71(4): 359370 J

A REVIEW : NOVEL ADVANCES IN SEMISOLID DOSAGE FORMS & PATENTED TECHNOLOGY IN SEMISOLID DOSAGE FORMS, INT.J. PHARMTECH RES.2011,3(1). ADVANCES IN PHARMACEUTICAL COATINGS, INT.J. CHEMTECH RES.2010,2(1) APPLICATION OF HOT-MELT COATING PROCESS FOR DESIGNING A LIPID BASED CONTROLLED RELEASE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR HIGHLY AQUEOUS SOLUBLE DRUGS, CHEM. PHARM. BULL. 57(5) 464471 (2009) http://www.pua.edu http://www.gate2tech.com/article.php3?id_article=6

MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLETS I: AN OVERVIEW OF FORMULATION TECHNOLOGY, SCI PHARM. 2009; 76; 309326.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

SPECIAL THANKS TO MY FRNDS NIKHIL, SHANTHA KUMAR AND SHARAD JAIN WHO HELPED ME IN LITERATURE SREACH.

THANK YOU