LA DIVERSIDAD

CULTURAL Y LINGSTICA
portada Diversidad CULTURAL.pdf 2/5/07 11:24:56
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 1 2/5/07 11:22:50
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 2 2/5/07 11:22:52
LA DIVERSIDAD
CULTURAL Y LINGSTICA
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 3 2/5/07 11:22:53
:ltkl1-k - ll lllt-tl \ l llt-
ke,es :. 1+ae: tue||+
-.r-/:r/
tOOkll\-tl \ tl\lk-l ll lllt-tl \
l\1lktll1lk-l \ lll\t l

:,||+ :c|ae||es de| \+||e
r4/a:4r: 6-a-r:|
e+t||: kcd| ue: : ac|e:
|/r-./r: 4- |a:-//:./ a ; /::|a:./ a
}cs l|+ac|scc l+|+ 1c||es
|/r-./r 4- |/- ; !); : |aa::./a- /4a.://::
-|casc l e: M+|
|/r-./r 4- |-:rr|| 4-| arr .a|ao |a/-r.a|/ar:|
}+|e| l e: : ac|e:
|/r-./r 4- /ro:./ a ; :):.//:./ a 4- !-a/- /4a.://:
M+. de lcu|des t+s|||+s Mu c:
|/r-./r: 4- /r;-./ 4- /4a.:./ a |a/-r.a|/ar:|
-a -| \/:-| h-4/ a)-r/r ; a)-r/r
|c|+a+ k|ess t+||+a:+
|/r-./r: 4- /4a.:./ a |a/ro:| ; \/a.a|:./ a
k+ue| -|u,+ : ac|e:
|/r-./r: 4- |a/ro:./ a ; |.ao-a/:./ a
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 4 2/5/07 11:22:53
LA DIVERSIDAD
CULTURAL Y LINGSTICA
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 5 2/5/07 11:22:56
l||ae|+ ed|c| a, !e
lu: t|+e|+ , k+ue| -|u,+
-utc|+s
l|aest|a+ lc,c
a)-r:// a ; .r4/a:./ a -4//r/:|
kcd||c \+|+s
/r)a-/: -4//r/:|
l|||+ kcae|c
/ro:./ a -|-./r a/.: ; -|:|r:./ a 4- )r/:4:
l.k. !e :ec|et+| + de lduc+c| a l c||c+
tcc|d|a+c| a teae|+| de lduc+c| a
late|cu|tu|+| , |||a e
lasu|eates :u| 1e~], |sc 1, tc|. tu+d+|ue laa
t.l. 1!, M \|cc, l.l.
1e|s.: || e l\ts. !+~!! , !+~|+
|tt:// e|c.se.cc.a\
cc||ece: ce|c_se.cc.a\
:e +utc||:+ |+ |e|cducc| a +|c|+| c tct+| de est+ cc|+, s|a ||aes de |uc|c,
s|ea|e , cu+adc se c|te |+ |ueate , se de +|sc cc|tuac + |+ ttll.
l:\ )~1+1~\
la|esc , |ec|c ea M \|cc
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 6 2/5/07 11:22:56

NDICE
l+ d|e|s|d+d es ua |ec|c )
1eaeacs de|ec|c + |+ d|e|s|d+d 1
leau+s , cu|tu|+s !
ke|+c|caes |ate|cu|tu|+|es +1
l+ d|e|s|d+d +| |ate||c| de |+s |+a|||+s ]|
lcs uec|cs |ad ea+s ea M \|cc ]
lc| t|c+s acaccu|tu|+|es e
lc| t|c+s |ate|cu|tu|+|es ]
l+|+ te|a|a+| ~]
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 7 2/5/07 11:22:56
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 8 2/5/07 11:22:56
)
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
LA DIVERSIDAD ES UN HECHO
tu+adc |+c|+acs de d|e|s|d+d ea este ||c|c
acs |e|e||acs, de a+ae|+ eae|+|, + |+s d|st|at+s
|eau+s , cu|tu|+s ue e\|stea ea auest|c |+aet+
,, de a+ae|+ esec|+|, + |+s d||e|eates |eau+s ,
cu|tu|+s de M \|cc.
/: 4/:-r/4:4 - aa |-.|
-ates ue a+d+, aeces|t+acs |eccacce| ue |+
d|e|s|d+d ac es ua+ |aeac| a c ua+ |c++ad+
c ua d|scu|sc: es ua |ec|c. la e| auadc |+,
a s de !! + ses , c+s| tcdcs sca au|t|||a es ,
au|t|cu|tu|+|es, es dec||, c+s| tcdcs est a |c|a+dcs
c| d|st|at+s cc|+c|caes cca d||e|eates |eau+s ,
|ea de +cue|dc cca sus |c|+s cu|tu|+s ue, cca
||ecueac|+, sca a||ea+||+s. a|c+aeate |+, cc|c
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 9 2/5/07 11:22:56
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
1
+ ses ea e| auadc ue t|eaea ua+ sc|+ |eau+.
la auest|c |+aet+ |+, ce|c+ de c|acc a|| cu|tu|+s
d|st|at+s , +||ededc| de se|s a|| |eau+s d||e|eates.
la M \|cc +ctu+|aeate |+, a s de e |eau+s ,
cu|tu|+s |ad ea+s d|st|at+s , auc|+s +||+ates
d|+|ect+|es +|+ c+d+ |eau+. la auest|c + s, a s
de 1 a|||caes de ae\|c+acs sca |ad ea+s.
//:o :)r-a4/-a4 : ::|r:r |: 4/:-r/4:4
hucc ua t|eac ea e| ue |+ seae,+a:+ e|+ ua
+|c| cusc+dc. :e eas+c+ ue se| d|st|atc e|+
+|c ue tea + ue |eaed|+|se. - |cs ue tea +a
d||e|eac|+s, cca ||ecueac|+, se |es a+||a+c+
, se |+c + cu||+ de e||cs. -|c|+, ea c+ac|c, |+
d|e|s|d+d es ua +|c| ue c+d+ d + se |eccacce
a s, ue c+d+ d + se cusc+ a s. lst+acs
+|ead|eadc + +|c|+| |+ d|e|s|d+d.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 10 2/5/07 11:22:56
11
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
/: |/| : a -a- : : ::|r:r |: 4/:-r/4:4
lstc es +s c| auc|+s |+:caes d|st|at+s. l+
c|c|c + acs |+ ease +dc + +|c|+| |+ d|e|s|d+d
ea c||a+s, |+at+s , +a|a+|es. -|c|+ s+ceacs ue
|+s |+at+c|caes ue a+ae,+a ua+ sc|+ esec|e
eacc|ecea |+ t|e||+. la ccat|+ste, s+ceacs
e| +|c| ue, +|+ |+ t|e||+, t|eaea |+s a||+s
c+aes|a+s ue |cducea ea ua+ a|sa+ +|ce|+
, de a+ae|+ s|au|t ae+, d|st|at+s esec|es (a+ :,
c+|+c+:+, |||,c|, e,cte, c|||e, tca+te ,. 1+ac| a
s+ceacs e| |+a +|c| ue, +|+ |+ c|cs|e|+ ccac
ua tcdc, t|eaea |cs ccsues, c|ue ea e||cs
cca|ea c|eatcs de esec|es d|st|at+s de |+at+s
, +a|a+|es ue +| |e|+c|ca+|se ua+s cca ct|+s se
ea||uecea de a+ae|+ autu+, ea||uecea e| +||e
, |+ t|e||+, , |c|c|+a |+ +csc|c| a de| +u+ de
|+s ||u|+s ue aut|e |cs de s|tcs sucte|| aecs,
+ut at|ccs tesc|cs a+tu|+|es.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 11 2/5/07 11:22:57
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
1!
/: 4/:-r/4:4 /::r-.- |: .a/ra../ a 4-
.a./o/-a/
lc| ct|+ +|te, |cs estud|+ates , |cs |aest|+dc|es
se |+a d+dc cueat+ de| +|c| ue, +|+ |+
ccast|ucc| a de ccacc|a|eatc, t|eaea |cs c |cu|cs
de dec+te |c|a+dcs c| e|sca+s de d|st|at+s
d|sc|||a+s, |c|a+dcs c| e|sca+s cca d|st|at+s
cu|tu|+s, cca ||stc||+s d||e|eates, cca uatcs de
|st+ d|e|scs. t+d+ d + es a s cca a eaccat|+|
ue, |cs ae,c|es descuc||a|eatcs, |+s ae,c|es
|de+s |aac+dc|+s, |cs ae,c|es ++|+tcs, |+s
ae,c|es t ca|c+s, sca ||utc de| t|+c+,c de eu|cs
|ate|d|sc|||a+||cs ,, cca ||ecueac|+, |ate|cu|tu|+|es.
/ o-4/ 4- .oaa/.:./ a /::r-.-a -| :)r-./
: |: 4/:-r/4:4
lcs aed|cs de ccaua|c+c| a |+a ccat||cu|dc
de a+ae|+ |ac|t+ate + |+ +|c||:+c| a de |+
d|e|s|d+d ||a st|c+ , cu|tu|+|. la |+ +ctu+||d+d,
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 12 2/5/07 11:22:57
1|
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
|cs ||c|cs, |+s |e|st+s, |cs e|| d|ccs, |+ |+d|c,
|+ te|e|s| a, |cs |+ades c+|te|es, e| c|ae, e|
|dec d||t+| c |+ |ed auad|+| ue ccacceacs
ccac late|aet, caea +ate |+ |st+ de auc|cs
|a|c|a+c| a , aeas+,es ue |c|eaea de tcdcs
|cs uec|cs, +ua de |cs ue, |+ce +ea+s ua+s
d c+d+s, | +a |e|+t|+aeate +|s|+dcs. lcs
aed|cs |+a |ctc |+s c+||e|+s de| es+c|c. l+s
cu|tu|+s +|c|+ |+,+a , se eacueat|+a , d|+|c+a ,
dec+tea. \ tcdc estc |c|a+ +|te de auest|+ |d+
ccateac| ae+.
!|r: |: 4/:-r/4:4 /|r-.- -a /:o/|/: ; ra)
1cdc este ac|a|eatc t+ac| a t|eae |ee|cus| a
ea |cs a|e|es e|sca+|es , ea |cs a|e|es |+a|||+|es
, ccaua|t+||cs. -ates, e|+a a+| |st+s |+s c|a|caes
ue ac cc|ac|d +a cca |c ue |cs a+,c|es c |+s
+utc||d+des eas+c+a, e|+a a+| |st+s |+s |euat+s
ue ac tea +a ua+ |esuest+ | c||. -|c|+, es c+d+
d + a s cca a descuc||| |+a|||+s ea |+s ue |+s
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 13 2/5/07 11:22:57
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
1+
a| +s, |cs a| cs , |cs , eaes ccae|s+a , dec+tea
ccac |u+|es cca sus a+,c|es , c+d+ d + sca a s
|+s escue|+s ea |+s ue |+ c|a| a de |cs estud|+ates
cueat+ |ac|usc a s ue |+ |a|c|a+c| a ue cse+a.
/ 4-r-.| /::r-.-a -| r-)-/ : |: 4/:-r/4:4
l+ cuest| a de |cs de|ec|cs t+ac| a est
|e|+c|ca+d+ cca |+ +|c|+c| a , e| |esetc + |+
d|e|s|d+d. l+|+ auest|+ |c|tua+ |+s scc|ed+des de|
auadc, ea |+s d c+d+s +s+d+s, us|e|ca ua |+a
a|+s|s ea |+ ccast|ucc| a, d||us| a , |||+ac|+
de| cua||a|eatc de |cs de|ec|cs |ua+acs
e|sca+|es, scc|+|es, c| t|ccs, ecc| |ccs,
||a st|ccs , cu|tu|+|es. lee| |+s dec|+|+c|caes de
||ac||cs ue d+a |d+ , seat|dc + estcs de|ec|cs,
|ee| |+s |e,es ue ea+a+a de estcs de|ec|cs,
ccast|tu,e ua +ut at|cc c+auete |ate|ectu+|, scc|+|
e ||st ||cc. lstcs de|ec|cs c||ecea a+|ccs + |+s
scc|ed+des d|e|s+s +|+ ue, cca ccac|eac|+ de
sus de|ec|cs |uad+aeat+|es, t|+c+,ea ea cusc+
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 14 2/5/07 11:22:57
1]
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
de ue |+ d|e|s|d+d ||c|e:c+. lstcs de|ec|cs
|a|t+a + u|eaes |cs +a+||:+a + |e||e\|ca+|, desde
su d|e|s|d+d esec ||c+, ea tc|ac + su |c|+
|deat|d+d, su cu|tu|+, su |eau+ a+te|a+ , su
|uc scc|+| de e|teaeac|+. -| a|sac t|eac,
u|ea |ee estcs de|ec|cs, |e||e\|ca+ +ce|c+ de |cs
ct|cs, +ce|c+ de| de|ec|c ue t|eaea |cs dea s
de se| d|st|atcs, de teae| sus |c|+s c|a|caes ,
uatcs de |st+ c de a+ae,+| e| ccacc|a|eatc +|+
ce|+| sus |c|cs |c,ectcs esec ||ccs.
|-r-.| : |: 4/:-r/4:4
luestc ue, ccac d|,|acs, |+ d|e|s|d+d es ua +|c|
|ec|+dc, eat|e |cs de|ec|cs aeac|ca+dcs e\|stea
+|uacs esec|+|aeate d||||dcs + |ctee| |+
d|e|s|d+d ||a st|c+, cu|tu|+|, |ate|ectu+| , c| t|c+
de tcdcs , c+d+ uac de |cs c|ud+d+acs de ste,
auest|c |+aet+ |ate|ccaect+dc.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 15 2/5/07 11:22:58
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 16 2/5/07 11:22:58
1
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
TENEMOS DERECHO
A LA DIVERSIDAD
la e| ++|t+dc +ate||c| |acs ue |+ d|e|s|d+d
es ua |ec|c, ue auest|c + s t|eae ua+ |+a
d|e|s|d+d ||a st|c+ , cu|tu|+| , ue |+s
scc|ed+des de| auadc est+acs |ate|ccaect+d+s
, est+acs +|ead|eadc + +|c|+| |+ d|e|s|d+d , +
+c+adca+| |+ +at|u+ |de+ de ue se| tcdcs |u+|es
e|+ ua+ aet+ dese+c|e. la este ++|t+dc +acs
+ |+c|+| +ce|c+ de c ac tcd+s , tcdcs teaeacs
de|ec|c + se| d|st|atcs, + eas+| ccac eas+acs,
+ seat|| ccac seat|acs, + e\|es+| auest|+s |de+s
, seat|a|eatcs , + ue |cs ct|cs acs escuc|ea
cca +teac| a, + ||| de +cue|dc cca auest|+s
ccstuac|es , + us+| auest|+s |eau+s a+te|a+s.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 17 2/5/07 11:22:58
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
1~
\a-/r: :r/: h:a: ; |: 4/:-r/4:4
\uest|+ tcast|tuc| a |+c|+ de |+ d|e|s|d+d ea
su +|t cu|c seuadc, ea e| cu+| est+c|ece:
l+ \+c| a t|eae ua+ ccacs|c| a |u||cu|tu|+|
susteat+d+ c|||a+|aeate ea sus uec|cs |ad ea+s
ue sca +ue||cs ue desc|eadea de cc|+c|caes
ue |+c|t+c+a ea e| te|||tc||c +ctu+| de| + s
+| |a|c|+|se |+ cc|ca|:+c| a , ue ccase|+a
sus |c|+s |ast|tuc|caes scc|+|es, ecca a|c+s,
cu|tu|+|es , c| t|c+s, c +|te de e||+s. lst+
tcast|tuc| a |eccacce , +|+at|:+ e| de|ec|c
de |cs uec|cs , |+s ccaua|d+des |ad ea+s +
|+ ||c|e dete|a|a+c| a ,, ea ccasecueac|+, + |+
+utcaca + +|+: ... |ese|+| , ea||uece| sus
|eau+s, ccacc|a|eatcs , tcdcs |cs e|eaeatcs ue
ccast|tu,+a su cu|tu|+ e |deat|d+d.
\a-/r: :r/: h:a: ; |: /a:|4:4
\uest|+ t+|t+ M+a+ t+ac| a |+c|+ de |+ |u+|d+d
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 18 2/5/07 11:22:58
1)
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
, |+ ua|d+d. la e| a|sac +|t cu|c seuadc d|ce:
l+ \+c| a Me\|c+a+ es a|c+ e |ad||s|c|e. \ ea
su +|t cu|c ||ae|c est+c|ece: la |cs lst+dcs
la|dcs Me\|c+acs tcdc |ad||duc c:+| de
|+s +|+at +s ue ctc|+ est+ tcast|tuc| a, |+s
cu+|es ac cd| a |est||a||se a| suseade|se,
s|ac ea |cs c+scs , cca |+s ccad|c|caes ue e||+
a|sa+ est+c|ece. ... Qued+ |c||c|d+ tcd+
d|sc||a|a+c| a act|+d+ c| c||ea ta|cc c
a+c|ca+|, e| ae|c, |+ ed+d, |+s c++c|d+des
d||e|eates, |+ ccad|c| a scc|+|, |+s ccad|c|caes de
s+|ud, |+ |e||| a, |+s c|a|caes, |+s |e|e|eac|+s,
e| est+dc c||| c cu+|u|e| ct|+ ue +teate ccat|+
|+ d|a|d+d |ua+a+ , tea+ c| cc,etc +au|+|
c aeacsc+c+| |cs de|ec|cs , ||ce|t+des de |+s
e|sca+s.
|a:|4:4 ; 4/:-r/4:4
tcac e|sca+s, |+a|||+s , ccaua|d+des , t+ac| a
ccac scc|ed+d a+c|ca+|, cd|eacs ||c|ece| s|
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 19 2/5/07 11:22:58
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
!
tca+acs ea cueat+ t+atc |+ |u+|d+d ccac |+
d|e|s|d+d. lc|ue +s , c+d+ u|ea |e+||:+| sus
|c|cs |c,ectcs , |+| ||c|ece| sus t+|eatcs ,,
+| a|sac t|eac, teade| |+:cs |ac|u,eates de
|e|+c| a cca |cs ct|cs ue t+ac| a |c|a+a +|te
de |+ a+c| a ae\|c+a+.
tcac |ate|+ates de |+ a+c| a ae\|c+a+, c+d+
e|sca+, c+d+ |+a|||+, c+d+ ccaua|d+d, c+d+
uec|c, |e de +cue|dc cca |+ |eau+ , |+ cu|tu|+
ue |e|ed de sus +ate+s+dcs. l+s e|sca+s , |cs
|ucs eas+acs, seat|acs, tca+acs dec|s|caes,
de||a|acs auest|cs ||ac||cs, d|se +acs
|c,ectcs , acs |e|+c|ca+acs cca ct|cs, us+adc
|+s |eau+s e |as||+dcs ea |+s cu|tu|+s ue
|e|ed+acs de auest|cs +cue|cs.
-dea s, tcdcs |cs |ucs ue |c|a+acs |+
scc|ed+d a+c|ca+| cca+|t|acs ua+ a|sa+
tcast|tuc| a, +s ccac |cs ||ac||cs ue de e||+
ea+a+a: |u+|d+d, |esetc, |ac|us| a, ||ce|t+d...
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 20 2/5/07 11:22:59
!1
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
1eaeacs ea cca a ua a|sac te|||tc||c, ua+
a|sa+ cc+c| a deacc| t|c+, ua+s a|sa+s
|ast|tuc|caes , |e,es. \ t+ac| a cca+|t|acs e|
|ue|te , |c|uadc |e+dc de auest|cs +ate+s+dcs
|ad ea+s ue cc||e c| auest|+s ea+s ,
c| auest|cs |a+|a+||cs. :cacs d|st|atcs ,
cca+|t|acs ua+ a|sa+ |deat|d+d a+c|ca+|.
|-.|:r:./ a /a/:-r:| 4- |: /\/O
M \|cc |+ |||a+dc auae|cscs +cue|dcs ,
dec|+|+c|caes |ate|a+c|ca+|es ue |+c|ecea
e| |esetc + |+ d|e|s|d+d ||a st|c+ , cu|tu|+|,
+s ccac su ||c|ec|a|eatc. lac de stcs es |+
|-.|:r:./ a /a/:-r:| 4- |: /\/O |r- |:
|/:-r/4:4 a|/ar:|.
/a /o)-r://: //. |: 4-/-a: 4- |: 4/:-r/4:4
lat|e ct|+s ccs+s, est+ dec|+|+c| a est+c|ece ea
su +|t cu|c cu+|tc: l+ de|eas+ de |+ d|e|s|d+d
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 21 2/5/07 11:22:59
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
!!
cu|tu|+| es ua |ae|+t|c t|cc, |ase+|+c|e de|
|esetc de |+ d|a|d+d de |+ e|sca+ |ua+a+. \
ea su +|t cu|c u|atc d|ce: 1cd+ e|sca+ dece, +s ,
cde| e\|es+|se, c|e+| , d||uad|| sus cc|+s ea |+
|eau+ ue desee , ea +|t|cu|+| ea su
|eau+ a+te|a+, tcd+ e|sca+ t|eae de|ec|c +
ua+ educ+c| a , ua+ |c|a+c| a de c+||d+d ue
|esete |ea+aeate su |deat|d+d cu|tu|+|, tcd+
e|sca+ dece cde| +|t|c|+| ea |+ |d+ cu|tu|+|
ue e||,+ , e,e|ce| sus |c|+s | ct|c+s cu|tu|+|es,
deat|c de |cs | a|tes ue |acae e| |esetc
de |cs de|ec|cs |ua+acs , de |+s ||ce|t+des
|uad+aeat+|es.
//|r- ./r.a|:./ a 4- /4-: ; -\)r-/a-
la |e|+c| a cca |cs aed|cs de ccaua|c+c| a ue
aeac|ca c+acs +ates, est+ lec|+|+c| a, ea su
+|t cu|c se\tc d|ce: -| t|eac ue se +|+at|:+ |+
||c|e c||cu|+c| a de |+s |de+s aed|+ate |+ +|+c|+
, |+ |a+ea, |+, ue |ccu|+| ue tcd+s |+s
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 22 2/5/07 11:22:59
!|
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
cu|tu|+s ued+a e\|es+|se , d+|se + ccacce|. l+
||ce|t+d de e\|es| a, e| |u|+||sac de |cs aed|cs
de ccaua|c+c| a, e| au|t|||a |sac, |+ |u+|d+d
de +ccesc + |+s e\|es|caes +|t st|c+s, e| s+ce|
c|eat ||cc , tecac| |cc, cca|ead|d+ su |c|a+
e|ect| a|c+, , |+ cs|c|||d+d +|+ tcd+s |+s cu|tu|+s
de est+| |eseates ea |cs aed|cs de e\|es| a
, de d||us| a, sca |cs +|+ates de |+ d|e|s|d+d
cu|tu|+|.
|-r-.| |/a //.
Ot|c dccuaeatc |ate|a+c|ca+| s|a+dc c|
auest|c + s es |+ |-.|:r:./ a /a/:-r:| 4-
| |-r-.| //a //. ue ea su +|t cu|c
seuadc est+c|ece: tcdc e| auadc t|eae tcdcs
|cs de|ec|cs , tcd+s |+s ||ce|t+des, s|a d|st|ac| a
de |+:+, cc|c|, se\c, |eau+, |e||| a, c|a| a
c| t|c+ u ct|+, c||ea a+c|ca+| c scc|+|, cs|c| a
ecca a|c+, a+c|a|eatc c cu+|u|e| ct|+ ccad|c| a
, ccas|de|+ ue e| ua|e|s+||sac, ccac +a|e|c,
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 23 2/5/07 11:22:59
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
!+
se t|eae ue c+s+|, +| a|sac t|eac, ea ua+
dcc|e t+|e+: sue|+| |+s teadeac|+s ue cusc+a
|caceae|:+| , sue|+| e| +|s|+a|eatc de
ccaua|d+des , uec|cs.
Or:a/::./ a |a/-ra:./a:| 4-| r:|:/
lc| su +|te, |+ O|+a|:+c| a late|a+c|ca+| de|
1|+c+,c, ea 1)~), cca|c|a e| a:-a/ I |r-
/a-|| |a4 -a: ; r/|:|- ea cu,c |e acu|c
c |a|c|c |ecue|d+ |+ +|t|cu|+| ccat||cuc| a de
|cs uec|cs |ad ea+s , t||c+|es + |+ d|e|s|d+d
cu|tu|+|, + |+ +|aca + scc|+| , ecc| |c+ de |+
|ua+a|d+d , + |+ ccce|+c| a , cca|eas| a
|ate|a+c|ca+|es.
|a/-r:../ a
l+ l\l:tO t|eae ua +cue|dc de |ec|eate c|e+c| a
(cctuc|e de !],, se t|+t+ de |+ a:-a./ a
|r- |: /r/-../ a ; /ro./ a 4- |: |/:-r/4:4
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 24 2/5/07 11:22:59
!]
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
4- |: /\)r-/a- a|/ar:|-, ue t|eae eat|e sus
cc,et|cs |caeat+| e| d| |cc eat|e cu|tu|+s cca
e| ||a de des+||c||+| |+ |ate|+cc| a cu|tu|+|, cca e|
es ||tu de ccast|u|| ueates eat|e |cs uec|cs.
|a.|a/ a )a-a/- ; |::
1cd+s est+s |e,es, dec|+|+c|caes , ccaea|cs se
|e|+c|ca+a at|a+aeate cca |cs |de+|es , ||ac||cs
a+c|ca+|es +ates aeac|ca+dcs ue e|a|tea |+
cca|eac|+ +c|e|t+ e |ac|u,eate de |eau+s ,
cu|tu|+s d|st|at+s ,, +| a|sac t|eac, |+ e\|steac|+
de |+:cs ue, cca c+se ea |+ +|c|+c| a de |+
d|e|s|d+d , e| |esetc + |+ tcast|tuc| a , + |cs
de|ec|cs ua|e|s+|es, |e|+c|ca+a , |acu|+a + tcd+s
, + tcdcs |cs ae\|c+acs.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 25 2/5/07 11:23:00
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 26 2/5/07 11:23:00
!
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
LENGUAS Y CULTURAS
////!
/\)r-/ a 4- aa: o:a-r: 4- :/:/r -a
; .a -| oaa4
la+ cu|tu|+ e\|es+ |+ a+ae|+ ea |+ ue ua |uc
|ua+ac esec ||cc se |e|+c|ca+ cca |cs |etcs ,
cs|c|||d+des ue |+ |d+ |e |eseat+. la+ cu|tu|+
e\|es+ cc|caes , dete|a|a+c|caes |e|+c|ca+d+s,
c| e,ea|c, cca |+ a+ae|+ de est|| , |+c||c+|
|+ |c+, de ccast|u|| |+s c+s+s , c|+a|:+||+s
ea |+ac|cs, cc|ca|+s, uec|cs c c|ud+des, de
ccaseu|| |cs +||aeatcs, |e+|+||cs , se||||cs,
de |c|a+| +|e,+s, |+a|||+s , ccaua|d+des, de
cce|a+|se, de educ+| + |cs a| cs , + |+s a| +s e
|acc|c|+| + |cs , eaes + |+ |d+ |cduct|+, de
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 27 2/5/07 11:23:00
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
!~
ea||eat+| |+s ea|e|aed+des , ccase|+| |+ s+|ud,
de eas+| ea |+ aue|te, de +a+|se |+ |d+, de
ccas|de|+| + |cs +ac|+acs, de ccast|u|| |cs ceat|cs
ce|eaca|+|es, de |e|+c|ca+|se cca e| +ac|eate, c
de |+c||c+| |e||+a|eat+s de t|+c+,c, c| e,ea|c.
a|/ar: 4/:-r:
t+d+ cu|tu|+ |escade + ua+ |e+||d+d d|st|at+,
+ ua+ ||stc||+ d||e|eate , + d|e|scs +a|e|cs
, |c,ectcs de uec|cs , ccaua|d+des. lc|
e,ea|c, auc|cs |ucs |ad ea+s cca ua+
||stc||+ c+aes|a+ +acest|+| t|eaea eat|e sus
|c,ectcs ||c||t+||cs e| cu|d+dc de |+ a+tu|+|e:+
, ccas|de|+a ua ||||e|c ||| ea |e|+c| a
at|a+ cca e||+. lc| esc, +| c|+a|:+| sus |d+s
ccaua|t+||+s, se +seu|+a de |cduc|| sus
|c|cs +||aeatcs c s|ccs, d+a ua |u+| esec|+|
+| des+||c||c , usc de tecac|c + +| cc|+ ue ac
d+ e + |+ t|e||+, ut|||:+a cca s+c|du| + |cs ||u,cs de
+u+, , t|eaea +cuad+ates ce|eaca|+s |e|+c|ca+d+s
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 28 2/5/07 11:23:00
!)
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
cca |+ ||u|+, |+ t|e||+, e| sc|, e| +u+, |+ s|eac|+ c |+
ccsec|+.
4 | )a-|| 4-| oaa4 //-a-a .a|/ar:
tcac |+s cu|tu|+s e\|es+a d|st|at+s a+ae|+s de
eas+| e| auadc , |e|+c|ca+|se cca |, |+, auc|+s
cu|tu|+s d|e|s+s ue |escadea + |e+||d+des
d|st|at+s. 1cdcs |cs uec|cs de| auadc |ea
d||e|eates |e+||d+des , tcdcs |escadea + e||+s de
a+ae|+s d|st|at+s. 1cdcs |cs uec|cs de |+ 1|e||+
t|eaea cu|tu|+, su |c|+ cu|tu|+: a|c+, esec ||c+
, d|e|s+.
/ -| -a/ra .:o|/: |: .oaa/4:4- .:o|/:a
l| eatc|ac +| ue |escadea |+s ccaua|d+des
est s|ea|e ea ac|a|eatc: |cs | cs se sec+a c
c+ac|+a de c+uce, ++|ece ua cu|t|c auec +ates
desccacc|dc, su|ea c|ud+des ea s|t|cs ue +ates
est+c+a descc|+dcs, se |euc|c+a |cs ceat|cs
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 29 2/5/07 11:23:00
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
|
de |cducc| a +|+ est+| a s ce|c+ de |+s +s
de ccaua|c+c| a 1+ac| a |+s ccaua|d+des
ue se |e|+c|ca+a cca e| eatc|ac est a s|ea|e
ea ac|a|eatc: +|uacs de sus a|eac|cs
+|eadea aue+s tecac|c +s , |+s us+a, ct|cs se
+a c| teac|+d+s |+|+s , |e|es+a t|+,eadc
aced+des, ct|cs a s se |asc||cea ea c+||e|+s
ua|e|s|t+||+s ue |es |eseat+a aue+s |de+s ,
aue+s ||c||d+des, ea cc+s|caes, ua |uc scc|+|
|acc|c|+, c| |+:caes de t|+c+,c, + ,c|a+|e|cs
a||+ates ue t|+ea ccas|c sus |c|+s |eau+s ,
cu|tu|+s d|st|at+s , acedcs+s
/ -a/ra ; .oaa/4:4- .:o|/:a |: .a|/ar:
.:o|/:a
:| es c|e|tc ue |+s cu|tu|+s e\|es+a |e|+c|caes
eat|e ccaua|d+des , eatc|ac , s| t+atc |+s
ccaua|d+des ccac e| eatc|ac c+ac|+a, |+s
cu|tu|+s t+ac| a c+ac|+a. l+s cu|tu|+s est a
s|ea|e c|e adcse , |ec|e adcse, ea ac|a|eatc
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 30 2/5/07 11:23:00
|1
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
ccast+ate, c|ue |+s ccaua|d+des aeces|t+a
|escade| de a+ae|+ s+t|s|+ctc||+ , c| dcc|e +
+| ac|a|eatc de |+ |d+: aeces|t+a |escade| +|
eatc|ac ue c+ac|+ , aeces|t+a |escade| + |cs
c+ac|cs |ate|acs ue ccu||ea ea |+s e|sca+s, |+s
|+a|||+s, |cs |ucs , |+s |c|+s ccaua|d+des.
//\6/!
/: |-aa: 4/:-r: 4:a 4///a/ /a///.:4 :
|: .: 4-| oaa4
lac de |cs e|eaeatcs |uad+aeat+|es de |+s
cu|tu|+s es |+ |eau+: ua+ de |+s a s |+ades
c|e+c|caes |ua+a+s. l+ |eau+ es +|te de |+
cu|tu|+ c|ue e\|es+, eat|e ct|+s ccs+s, |cs
s|a|||c+dcs ue |cs |+c|+ates, + |c |+|c de
|aauae|+c|es eae|+c|caes, |+a d+dc + |+s ccs+s
de| auadc. t+d+ cu|tu|+ d|st|at+ d+ s|a|||c+dcs
d|st|atcs + |+s a|sa+s ccs+s de| auadc.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 31 2/5/07 11:23:00
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
|!
ha.| /a///.:4 4- |: |aa:
lc| e,ea|c ea | | u (|eau+ |ad ea+ ue
se |+c|+ ea |cs est+dcs de M \|cc, h|d+|c ,
Que| t+|c,, : a (|ua+, s|a|||c+ |+ ||ea de |cs
c|e|cs. la a+,+ tse|t+|, |eau+ |ad ea+ ue se
|+c|+ ea t||++s, o-//| (|ua+, s|a|||c+ a+d|e.
la :+ctecc, |eau+ |ad ea+ de O+\+c+, |--a
(|ua+, s|a|||c+ au,e| ea+ac|+d+. la +|ua+s
de |+s |eau+s |ad ea+s de |+ se|+ -a+: a|c+,
|+ |ua+ e|teaece +| ae|c a+scu||ac c|ue, +
estcs uec|cs, |+ |ua+ |cs u + ea sus |acu|s|caes
de esc+ acctu|a+.
a-/ / .a/.: r-|:/
l+ |eau+ |c|a+ +|te de |+ cu|tu|+, eat|e ct|+s
ccs+s, c|ue e\|es+ s|a|||c+dcs. 1+ac| a c|ue
s||e +|+ t|+asa|t|| ccacc|a|eatcs, ccase,cs,
c+atcs, t ca|c+s, |ecet+s c cea+s des+||c||+dcs
+ t|+ s de| t|eac c| auc|+s eae|+c|caes.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 32 2/5/07 11:23:01
||
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
lc| e,ea|c, |cs c+atcs |ccs

|+c|+a de | |ces ,
+ccatec|a|eatcs, |cs cc|||dcs d|cu,+a e|sca+,es
, |e|+t+a +eatu|+s, |cs c d|ces ccat|eaea |ec|+s,
| |au|+s c|eat ||c+s c desc||c|caes de |ec|cs,
|u+|es , d|st+ac|+s, |+s | cu|+s t|+asa|tea
ccase,cs, |+s |e,ead+s , a|tcs de c||ea |eseat+a
a+||+c|caes |e|+c|ca+d+s cca |+ c|e+c| a de| auadc
, cca e| c|dea , e| seat|dc ue t|eaea |+s ccs+s de|
auadc, |cs eas+,cs d+a cueat+ de |+ cstu|+ ue
+|uacs t|eaea ||eate +| ccacc|a|eatc, , |+s act+s
e||cd st|c+s a+at|eaea ua ccat+ctc d||ectc eat|e
|+ cc|+c| a +c|e|t+ , |cs +ccatec|a|eatcs.
/: |-aa: :/:- -a | :./
t+s| tcdcs |cs +ctcs |ua+acs ccu||ea |+c|+s +
|+ |eau+: e| ccase,c, |+ |euat+, |+ |e||e\| a,
|+ +|ea+, |+ act|c|+, e| ccae|c|c, e| dec+te, |+
c|+a|:+c| a, |+ d||ecc| a, e| ||t||c, e| te+t|c, e|
c+atc, |+ a+||+c| a, |+ ces + c |+ |e+||+. le
a+ae|+ |ec |cc+, |+ |eau+ |e ea |cs +ctcs de |+s
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 33 2/5/07 11:23:01
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
|+
ccaua|d+des ue |+ |+c|+a. lcs |ucs |ua+acs
c|e+acs , |ec|e+acs |+ |eau+ ,, de a+ae|+
|ec |cc+, scacs c|e+dcs c| e||+.
h//|/|\6 |hO
h -a//4 o )./a- | /.: o )aa/
4- ://:
l+s e|sca+s ue |+c|+a a s de ua+ |eau+
+a| +a sus c++c|d+des de eateade| |+ |e+||d+d
, de |e|+c|ca+|se cca e||+. tcac c+d+ |eau+ d+
seat|dcs d|st|atcs + |+s a|sa+s ccs+s, ua+ e|sca+
ue |+c|+ d|st|at+s |eau+s t|eae |+ c++c|d+d de
cca|eade| cca a s |c|uad|d+d ua+ a|sa+
ccs+ , de d+||e a s de ua seat|dc. t+d+ |eau+
t|eae su |c|c s|stea+ | |cc, c| esc, u|ea
|+c|+ a s de ua+ |eau+, t|eae a s de ua s|stea+
| |cc +|+ +a+||:+| |+ |e+||d+d c +|+ |a+|a+|
sc|uc|caes + |cs |cc|ea+s. t+d+ |eau+ ccatea|+
|+ |e+||d+d desde ua uatc de |st+ |c|c, c| esc
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 34 2/5/07 11:23:01
|]
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
|+s e|sca+s c|||a es c au|t|||a es cueat+a cca
a s de ua uatc de |st+ +|+ +a+||:+| ua+ a|sa+
|e+||d+d.
ha.| /a///.:4 ):r: |: :-a/:a:
lc| e,ea|c, |+ eat+a+ ea :+ctecc es |+ |ueate
de |u:, ea a+:+tecc es e| +|+ de |+ c+s+, ea c||ac
es e| a+|cc de| +|s+,e, ea |a| s es e| |u+| dcade
se det|eae e| |eatc, , ea a |u+t| es |+ a|||||+
+|+ ccse|+|, desde e| |ate||c| de |+ c+s+, |c ue
+s+ +|ue|+. :| ua+ e|sca+ au|t|||a e |+c|+
tcd+s est+s |eau+s, |+ eat+a+ se| +|+ e||+, +|
a|sac t|eac, a+|cc, |ueate, | a|te, a|||||+ , +|+.
\, s| |e|es+acs +| c+sc de |+ |ua+, ua+ e|sca+
au|t|||a e (ue |+c|+ |+s |eau+s c|t+d+s,,
uede e| + |+ |ua+ ccac ||ea, a+d|e, au,e|
ea+ac|+d+ , |||+ate, , | de| acctu|ac de +|t|d+s
de esc+.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 35 2/5/07 11:23:01
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
|e
//-o: 4- -.r//ar: | /.: r:o //.:
l|,|acs ue |+s |eau+s t+ac| a ccat|eaea
s|stea+s de eas+a|eatc, c| esc, |+s e|sca+s
au|t|||a es ccaccea a s de ua+ a+ae|+ de
|e||e\|ca+| , ccast|u|| secueac|+s | |c+s, a s
de ua+ a+ae|+ de +|+|se ||eate + |+s ccs+s , |cs
+ccatec|a|eatcs, , de eas+| ea |cs |cc|ea+s.
lstc se |e||e,+ ea |+s |+a t|c+s. lc| e,ea|c,
|+, +|ua+s |eau+s |ad ea+s ue ac us+a
+|t cu|cs c |ecs|c|caes ccac |cs ccacceacs
ea c+ste||+ac c t|eaea +|+c|+s ue ccat|eaea +|
a|sac t|eac e| sust+at|c, e| e|cc , e| +de|c|c
(ccac |cs ccacceacs ea es+ c|,. 1+ac| a |+,
| |c+s d|st|at+s ea |+ a+ae|+ de esc||c||. -|ua+s
|eau+s c|||a+||+s, ccac e| a+,+ c| e,ea|c,
tea +a s|stea+s de esc||tu|+ ac +||+c t|c+. ls+adc
c d|ces desc||c +a cca d|cu,cs |de+s cca|et+s
ue +auac|+c+a, c| e,ea|c, e| |+ac de ua
e|sca+,e, su |uac| a, sus cc||escad|eates
+ate+s+dcs, |+ cc+ de| + c ea |+ ue ccu|| +
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 36 2/5/07 11:23:01
|
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
e| |e|+tc c |+s +cc|caes ||ac|+|es ue |e+||: e|
e|sca+,e desc||tc du|+ate e| e|scd|c a+||+dc (c
+ |c |+|c de su |d+,. 1cdc s|a us+| |et|+s, us+adc
s|acs , s|stea+s de s|acs au, sc||st|c+dcs.
h:;r .:):./4:4 4- .a/ra/r .a./o/-a/
:| eas+acs ue c+d+ |eau+ ccat|eae ua s|stea+
de eas+a|eatc d|e|sc, cdeacs e| c ac
|+s e|sca+s ue |+c|+a dcs c a s |eau+s
uedea +c||| , e\+ad|| su |ate||eac|+, uedea
cca|eade| ae,c| |+s ccs+s (uestc ue t|eaea
dcs c a s | |c+s , s|a|||c+dcs +|+ |+ce||c, ,,
c| estc a|sac, +a| +a sus c++c|d+des de, c|
e,ea|c, +a+||:+|, +|uaeat+|, ccast|u|| |euat+s,
d|se +| |c,ectcs, estud|+| tec| +s c |+ce| +|te.
1cdc estc est at|a+aeate |e|+c|ca+dc cca e|
+|ead|:+,e, cca |+ ccast|ucc| a de ccacc|a|eatc.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 37 2/5/07 11:23:02
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
|~
O|/-/ 4- :/-./ ; .a|/
l| au|t|||a |sac t+ac| a acs e|a|te +a+||:+|
c ac c+d+ cu|tu|+ eacueat|+ sus |c|cs
cc,etcs de +|ectc , cu|tc. - a+ae|+ de e,ea|c,
|eseat+acs |cs ||+aeatcs de ua c+atc ue, e|
cet+ a+:+tecc }u+a t|ec||c ke|ac e|e+ ea
ce|ec|+c| a de |+ +|c+|+c+. lesu s de |ee||c,
cdeacs d+|acs cueat+, |+c|+s + est+ a||+d+
a+:+tec+, de |+s auc|+s ccs+s de |+ |d+ ue
de,+acs +s+| des+e|c|c|d+s.
le t||ca \|+cc|+ ad|c+|s|ea+
ts,|e \||c|c ct,
ad| ad||| c|+a+
ad| ad||| t|c a+.
lu| \| ,++ a|,a| ts,|e
\| |,|\+ |+,a|||
a|,a| \| tsea ||\|ca+
a|,a| \| ts, a+ a+ c.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 38 2/5/07 11:23:02
|)
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
-u est a| +|c+|+c+ +| +a+aece|,
||a|+ ccac e| |c||:cate:
a| aed|c|a+ ||esc+,
a| aed|c|a+ c|+ac+.
l|e+ ea sus |c,+s |+ +|+c|+ se|ea+
ue +c|e e| c|e|c:
|+ +|+c|+ ue d+ c+|a+,
|+ +|+c|+ ue d+ +||eatc.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 39 2/5/07 11:23:02
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 40 2/5/07 11:23:02
+1
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
RELACIONES
INTERCULTURALES
oaa/.:./ a -a aa -):./ .o):r//4
l+s |e|+c|caes |ate|cu|tu|+|es ea||uecea +
|+s scc|ed+des. lec|acs ue |+, |e|+c|caes
|ate|cu|tu|+|es cu+adc, ea ua es+c|c cca+|t|dc,
dcs e|sca+s, |ucs c ccaua|d+des cca
cu|tu|+s d|st|at+s ccae|s+a, |c|au|+a |euat+s,
cca+|tea e\e||eac|+s , ccacc|a|eatcs c
dec+tea. l| es+c|c uede se| |e+| c ||tu+| , |+
ccaua|c+c| a uede se| d||ect+ (c+|+ + c+|+, c
|ad||ect+, c| aed|c de te\tcs, |decs, |atu|+s,
d|cu,cs c |+c+c|caes. -| d|+|c+|, +| cca||cat+|se
cca |esetc, +| e\|es+| seat|a|eatcs, +| cca+|t||
+a|e|cs, +| |e|+t+| e\e||eac|+s de |d+, +| cae|
scc|e |+ aes+ |ecu|scs |c|cs , aeces|d+des +|+
ue e| ct|c |cs ccac:c+, +ue||cs ue scst|eaea
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 41 2/5/07 11:23:02
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
+!
|e|+c|caes |ate|cu|tu|+|es descuc|ea ct|+s a+ae|+s
de e| |+s ccs+s , de +a+||:+| |cs |cc|ea+s,
c |ec++c|t+a +| cca|eade| ue |+, ct|+s
||c||d+des , ct|cs uatcs de |st+ d|st|atcs de |cs
|c|cs.
a4/./a-
l+s |e|+c|caes |ate|cu|tu|+|es eacueat|+a su ae,c|
e\|es| a cu+adc se d+a ea |eseac|+ de:
/r/:a/:|/4:4, cu+adc |cs ue se
|e|+c|ca+a |c |+cea de |u+| + |u+|, s|a ue
uac |aca+ su cde| c su +utc||d+d +|
ct|c.
/-)-/ c| |+ |e,, |+ |ate||d+d , |+ d|a|d+d
de tcd+s |+s e|sca+s c| |u+|, cca
|adeeadeac|+ de sus c||cuast+ac|+s c de su
ccad|c| a scc|+|.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 42 2/5/07 11:23:02
+|
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
/a/4:4 ue ac |a|t+ + c||ece| + tcdcs
|c a|sac s|ac + c||ece| + c+d+ uac |c
ue aeces|t+ +|+ +ccede| ea |e de
|u+|d+d + |cs a|sacs |ecu|scs, se||c|cs ,
cc|tua|d+des.
\:|r:./ a 4- |: 4/:-r/4:4 ccac
ua+ |ueate cteac|+| de uatcs de
|st+, e\e||eac|+s de |d+, | |c+s de
|+:ca+a|eatc, a+|ccs t|ccs, s|a|||c+dcs
, a+ae|+s de ccacec|| |cs |cc|ea+s c de
eas+| ea d|st|at+s sc|uc|caes.
|a.|a/ a, ue ccu||e cu+adc +ue||cs ue
sca d|e|scs eacueat|+a es+c|cs +c|e|tcs +
su +|t|c|+c| a ea |cs s|stea+s (ecca a|cc,
c| t|cc, cu|tu|+|, ecc| |cc c scc|+|, ue
cca+|tea tcdcs |cs a|eac|cs de ua+
a|sa+ a+c| a. l+|+ ue e\|st+ |+ |ac|us| a
es aeces+||c ue, cu+adc |cs ue sca
d|st|atcs +|t|c|+a cca ct|cs,
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 43 2/5/07 11:23:03
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
++
:, eacueat|ea a+ae|+s de |+ce| |cuest+s
|c|+s ue |escad+a + sus ||ac||cs ,
||c||d+des, |, ue |cs ct|cs escuc|ea cca
+teac| a est+s |cuest+s , |+s tcaea ea
cueat+, ., ue +| +|t|c|+|, |c|ea +ctu+|
ea +|aca + cca sus |c|+s |deat|d+des
||a st|c+s , cu|tu|+|es.
|/ |
la |+s |e|+c|caes |ate|cu|tu|+|es, u|eaes se
|e|+c|ca+a cca+|tea seat|a|eatcs, e\e||eac|+s,
|de+s, ccacc|a|eatcs, uatcs de |st+, |euat+s
c ||us|caes + t|+ s de ua |ccesc de d| |cc ea
dcade c+d+ +|te e\|es+ |c |c|c, |eseat+ sus
a+||+c|caes c e\||c+ sus +|uaeatcs , uatcs
de |st+ +ate e| ct|c ue |c escuc|+ cca +teac| a
, tca+ ea cueat+ |c ue escuc|+. l+ cs|c|||d+d
de |+s |e|+c|caes |ate|cu|tu|+|es est t+atc ea |+
a+||+c| a, ccac ea |+ escuc|+ ,, c| suuestc, ea
|+ +|uaeat+c| a |esetucs+ , |+:ca+d+.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 44 2/5/07 11:23:03
+]
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
|-|:/-
tu+adc |cs ue sca d|e|scs se ccaua|c+a, cca
||ecueac|+ t|eaea d||e|eac|+s c|ue +a+||:+a
|+ |e+||d+d desde uatcs de |st+ d|st|atcs. l|
cca|||ctc |c|a+ +|te de |+ |d+ a|sa+. l| dec+te
es ua+ |ac|t+ate est|+te|+ de ccaua|c+c| a
cu+adc ea |+s |e|+c|caes su|ea d||e|eac|+s.
la e| dec+te |+s +|tes t|eaea e| cca|ca|sc
de |eseat+| +|uaeatcs s ||dcs, de escuc|+|
|cs +|uaeatcs de| ct|c , de tca+| ea cueat+
estcs +|uaeatcs. lc| esc, e| dec+te +uaeat+
|+ c++c|d+d de |+s e|sca+s , |cs |ucs de
est+| +c|e|tcs + |+ |d+ desde |cs uatcs de |st+
|ate|ectu+|, eacc|ca+|, c| t|cc , cu|tu|+|. l| dec+te
es ua+ |e||+a|eat+ |asust|tu|c|e de |+ deacc|+c|+.
|a4:4- 4-| 4/ | ; 4-| 4-|:/-
tu+adc |+s e|sca+s, |cs |ucs , |+s ccaua|d+des
se ccaua|c+a de est+ a+ae|+, +|eadea ccs+s
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 45 2/5/07 11:23:03
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
+e
aue+s, +a| +a |cs s|a|||c+dcs de |+s ccs+s ue
ccaccea, eae|+a |euat+s aue+s, +uaeat+a
su cs|c|||d+d de |esc|e| cca|||ctcs , +|c+a:+|
+cue|dcs cca+|t|dcs, descuc|ea es+c|cs +|+
|+ c|e+c| a , e| t|+c+,c cc|ect|cs, +a| +a sus
|c||:cates , |e+|||a+a sus |c|+s |deat|d+des.
lc| est+s , auc|+s ct|+s |+:caes, e| d| |cc , e|
dec+te |c||:cat+|, |esetucsc, eu|t+t|c, cca
+|c|+c| a de |+ d|e|s|d+d e |ac|u,eate, ae,c|+ +
|+s scc|ed+des.
|a.r)r:./ a -|-.//:: 4- r: .a|/ar:|-
la |+s |e|+c|caes |ate|cu|tu|+|es ccu||e ua
|ate|c+ac|c de |+scs cu|tu|+|es. :| |e|es+acs
+| e,ea|c de |+ eat+a+, es cs|c|e ue + ua+
e|sca+ a+:+tec+ ue e ea e||+ e| +|+ de |+
c+s+ |e |esu|te |ate|es+ate |acc|c|+| + su
|c|c |a+|a+||c |+ ccad|c| a de |ue|:+ ue
t|eae |+ acc| a |a|es+ de | a|te +|+ e| |eatc.
lst+ ccac|a+c| a uede d+|, +| a|sac t|eac,
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 46 2/5/07 11:23:03
+
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
||e|e:+ , |ue|:+ + |+ eat+a+. le|c ac se t|+t+ de
|acc|c|+| tcdc. l+s |e|+c|caes |ate|cu|tu|+|es
t+ac| a e|a|tea |+ |e+|||a+c| a de |c |c|c +
t|+ s de |+ ae+c| a de +|uacs |+scs ue ac
cc|ac|dea cca |+s |c|+s a+ae|+s de ccacec|| +|
auadc , d+| seat|dc + |+ |d+. lc| e,ea|c, s| ea
aed|c de ua+ d|scus| a ua+ e|sca+ +|uaeat+
ue es ccaea|eate ||+t|:+| e| +u+ c|ue estc
uede d+||e +cuad+ates +a+ac|+s ecca a|c+s,
e| ct|c uede +seu|+| ue ac est de +cue|dc
c|ue, desde su uatc de |st+, e| +u+ es de
tcdcs, es |+tu|t+, es de||c+d+ , || ||, es +||cs+ ,
ac se eade a| se cca|+: se cca+|te.
!.a-r4 ; : a.a|
lc| este |ccesc d|a a|cc ea e| ue |+s e|sca+s
, |cs |ucs |acc|c|+a +| eas+a|eatc |c|c
+|uacs |c,ectcs e |de+s de ct|cs , |ec|+:+a
+ct|+aeate +|uacs ct|cs |c,ectcs e |de+s ue
ac cc||escadea + sus ||ac||cs , ||c||d+des,
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 47 2/5/07 11:23:03
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
+~
e| d| |cc , e| dec+te |ate|cu|tu|+|, ccac ,+
d|,|acs, ea||uecea |+ |d+ de |+s scc|ed+des
c|ue, +dea s de +a||+| |c||:cates, |+c|ecea
|+ sc|uc| a +cc|d+d+ de cca|||ctcs, |+ |ac|us| a de
tcdcs ea |cs |c,ectcs c||ccs, |+ |e+|||a+c| a
de |+s |deat|d+des, +dea s, est+c|ecea auecs
acu|cs scc|+|es , |c|t+|ecea |cs ue ,+ e\|st +a
+| d+||es auecs seat|dcs , |c,ecc|caes, +|
+ctu+||:+||cs.
h :.-r.: 4-| .a/|/./
1+| e: +|+ |+ ea+ |as|st|| ea e| cca|||ctc,
ccac +|te de |+ |d+ a|sa+ , ccac +|te de
|+s |e|+c|caes |ate|cu|tu|+|es. l| cca|||ctc su|e
cu+adc dcs c a s e|sca+s c |ucs u|e|ea
ue sus uatcs de |st+ |e+|e:c+a, c cu+adc
aeces|t+a ua a|sac |ecu|sc ue es esc+sc, c
cu+adc u|e|ea teae| +ccesc + ua a|sac se||c|c
ue ac uedea |ec|c|| +accs c|ue es ua
se||c|c ||a|t+dc, c cu+adc +|u|ea d|st||cu,e
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 48 2/5/07 11:23:04
+)
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
t+|e+s , dcs u|e|ea |+ce| |+ a|sa+ t+|e+ c
a|auac u|e|e |+ce| ua+ t+|e+ dete|a|a+d+. :ca
auc|+s , au, d|e|s+s |+s c+us+s de| cca|||ctc.
tcac d|,|acs +ates, e| d| |cc , e| dec+te sca dcs
|e||+a|eat+s t||es +|+ |esc|e| e| cca|||ctc de
a+ae|+ ccaseasu+d+. la cusc+ de +cue|dcs , +|+
est+c|ece| d| |ccs , dec+tes es aeces+||c teae|
c++c|d+d de |deat|||c+| |+ |+: a de| des+cue|dc,
|cs uatcs ea |cs ue ac se des+cue|d+ , |+s
auc|+s , d|e|s+s sc|uc|caes cs|c|es. \ |+,
ue |+ce|, de |+ escuc|+ +teat+ e |ac|u,eate, ua
+ut at|cc +|te.
/: ):r//./):./ a 4- aa /-r.-r
tu+adc |+s +|tes ac |c|+a |esc|e| ua cca|||ctc,
t|eaea ue |ecu|||| + ua+ te|ce|+ e|sca+ ue
+c|+ e| +c+a|cc de cs|c|||d+des +| |at|cduc|| ea |+
d|scus| a ct|cs uatcs de |st+, ct|+s |de+s, ct|+s
sc|uc|caes cs|c|es. tca ||ecueac|+ es a s | c||
+cc|d+| s| se cueat+ cca e| +c,c de ua te|ce|c
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 49 2/5/07 11:23:04
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
]
d|suestc + ccat||cu|| cca su cc,et||d+d , sus
uatcs de |st+ +|te|a+t|cs. tu+adc e| des+cue|dc
es |+ade, s|ea|e ued+ e| |ecu|sc de +cud|| +
|+s |ast+ac|+s ,u| d|c+s +|+ e\cae| +ate e||+s |+s
dcs e|s|caes de| c+sc ue ac se |c|+ |esc|e|. la
est+ s|tu+c| a, |cs |e|eseat+ates de |+ ,ust|c|+, t|+s
escuc|+| + |cs ccatead|eates, tead| a ue dec|| |+
|t|a+ +|+c|+.
/-|:./a- /a/-r.a|/ar:|- 4- |: :/4: 4/:r/:
|: |-./ar: .o 4-|:/-
tu+adc |eeacs, eat|+acs ea ccat+ctc cca
|cs ccacc|a|eatcs, ||ac||cs, ||c||d+des
, e\e||eac|+s de ct|cs ue e|teaecea +
cu|tu|+s d|st|at+s de |+ auest|+. tu+adc |eeacs,
descuc||acs |+s |de+s, |cs +|s+,es, |+s |cuest+s
, |cs ||ac||cs de +utc|es ue est a |e,cs de
acsct|cs ea e| t|eac , ea e| es+c|c. tu+adc
|eeacs, |e||e\|ca+acs +ce|c+ de |c ue |cs +utc|es
acs d|cea , cca+|+acs |c ue acs d|cea cca |c
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 50 2/5/07 11:23:04
]1
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
ue acsct|cs eas+acs. ldeat|||c+acs |+s |de+s
aue+s a s |a+ct+ates, |+s |a eaes ||te|+||+s
a s c|e+t|+s, |cs ccacetcs ue |a+ct+a auest|+
|ate||eac|+, auest|+ |a+|a+c| a, auest|cs
||ac||cs, auest|+s c|eeac|+s c auest|cs +|ectcs.
luec, cca+|+acs tcdc estc cca |c auest|c +|+,
||a+|aeate, |acc|c|+| + auest|+ |c|+ |deat|d+d
|c ue ccas|de|eacs +|c|+c|e , |ec|+:+| +ue||c
ue ac acs |esu|t+ cca|aceate c s|a|||c+t|c.
/-|:./a- /a/-r.a|/ar:|- 4- |: :/4: 4/:r/:
|: |-./ar: .o :/:/-
Muc|cs de acsct|cs, s|a |+ce| |+,+dc |+ades
d|st+ac|+s , |+c|+s + |+ ||te|+tu|+, teaeacs
deat|c de auest|c |a+|a+||c e|sca+| |e,cs
a+|es cc|+dcs de ||+t+s, seade|cs |++dcs de
se||eates se| t|c+s, |e|caes c|+|es ccae|+d+s
ea |+s ue ++|ecea + |+ d|st+ac|+ |+ades cscs
a+,estucscs c ce|| s|a+s +u|c|+s cc|e+|es. O
uedea |c|a+| +|te de auest|cs +|c|es a s
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 51 2/5/07 11:23:04
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
]!
ue||dcs, |+ cs+d + de t||st c+| tc| a, |+ c t|c+
de \e:+|u+|c ,ct| c |+ |a+|a+c| a +||eate de
ea|tc }u |e:. - t|+ s de |+ ||te|+tu|+ |eset+acs
estcs +|c|es, +|eadeacs de e||cs ,, +|ua+s
eces, |cs |acc|c|+acs + auest|cs |c|cs
auadcs cu|tu|+|es.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 52 2/5/07 11:23:04
]|
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
LA DIVERSIDAD AL INTERIOR
DE LAS FAMILIAS
/:o/|/: .a 4/:-r/4:4
:| se a||+ cca +teac| a, +| |ate||c| de |+s |+a|||+s
t+ac| a |+, d|e|s|d+d. tca ||ecueac|+, |cs
+du|tcs ue |+s |c|a+a t|eaea ||stc||+s d|st|at+s,
|eaea de |ucs cu|tu|+|es d|e|scs, tu|e|ca
|a|+ac|+s d||e|eates ea |+s ue +|ead|e|ca + |||
cca ||ac||cs d|e|scs. lc| ct|+ +|te, |+s a| +s,
|cs a| cs , |cs , eaes, cu+adc +a + |+ escue|+
eat|+a ea ccat+ctc cca |cs |+scs cu|tu|+|es de
|+s |+a|||+s de sus cca+ e|cs, cca |+s a+ae|+s
de eas+| , e| e| auadc de sus a+est|cs ,, ccac
dec +acs +ates, cca +utc|es de tcdcs |cs |u+|es
de |+ t|e||+ ue, + t|+ s de ||c|cs, e| cu|+s,
e\cs|c|caes, dccuaeat+|es c |ec|t+,es (ue
|cs estud|+ates |ec|cea ea scc|tes de +e|,
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 53 2/5/07 11:23:05
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
]+
|dec, l\l c e|ect| a|cc, |es auest|+a |de+s,
+|s+,es, tec| +s, t ca|c+s c s|tu+c|caes aue+s.
\ ac cdeacs c||d+| late|aet. - t|+ s de est+
|ed |cc+| de |a|c|a+c| a , ccaua|c+c| a, c+d+
a|eac|c de |+ |+a|||+ t|eae ua +ccesc d|st|atc
ac s |c + |a|c|a+c| a d|e|s+ s|ac t+ac| a +
|ate||ccutc|es ea tcdc e| auadc. -s ue c+d+
a|eac|c de |+ |+a|||+ ea su |d+ cct|d|+a+,
ccast|u,e , |ec|e+ su |c|+ |deat|d+d esec ||c+,
a|c+ e |||eet|c|e, eat|e ct|+s |+:caes, c|ue
scst|eae d| |ccs |ate|cu|tu|+|es.
|/:-r /a:|- ; :/a.a|:4
-s ccac sucede +| |ate||c| de |+ scc|ed+d, +|
|ate||c| de |+s |+a|||+s cca|ea |+ d|e|s|d+d , |+
|u+|d+d , e\|stea |+:cs ue uaea , |e|+c|ca+a +
|+s e|sca+s ue |+s |c|a+a. \+ |+c|+acs de |+
d|e|s|d+d. l+ |u+|d+d t+ac| a e\|ste c|ue |+s
e|sca+s, ccac se|es |ua+acs ue sca, t|eaea
|+ a|sa+ d|a|d+d ,, c| |c t+atc, t|eaea |cs
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 54 2/5/07 11:23:05
]]
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
a|sacs de|ec|cs |ua+acs , ccast|tuc|ca+|es. -|
|ate||c| de |+s |+a|||+s se |c|+ |+ ua|d+d cu+adc
|cs a|eac|cs cca+|tea ||ac||cs, |de+|es,
|e|+s , +|uac ue ct|c |c,ectc. M s +|| de |+s
d||e|eac|+s , e| cca|||ctc a+tu|+| + tcdcs |cs |ucs
|ua+acs, |+s ccs+s cca+|t|d+s e|a|tea ue,
eat|e |cs |+a|||+|es, se t|ead+a acu|cs s ||dcs
, e|a|tea ue c+d+ a|eac|c cca|ead+ ue
cueat+ cca ua |uc |ua+ac +| ue e|teaece ,
ue |e e|teaece.
\a-:: o:a-r: .r-://:: 4- r-|:./a:r-
\eces|t+acs +|eade| + est+c|ece| d| |ccs
|+a|||+|es +c|e|tcs , |c||:cat+|es , + |eccacce|
ue c+d+ e|sca+ es a|c+ e |||eet|c|e , t|eae
sus |c|+s |de+s, desecs , aeces|d+des. -| eas+|
+s se +c|e |+ cs|c|||d+d de ue, ea |+s |+a|||+s,
||c|e:c+a |cs t+|eatcs ue |+tea ea c+d+ a|eac|c
d|st|atc, ue eat|ea ea +cc| a d|e|s+s a+ae|+s
de ea||eat+| |cs |cc|ea+s , d|st||cu|| t+|e+s, ue
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 55 2/5/07 11:23:05
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
]e
su|,+a a+ae|+s +|te|a+t|+s de |a+|a+| ae,c|+s ,
cs|c|||d+des.
/a: /a-a/- :|/-r/:
l+ |d+ de |+s |+a|||+s, ccac |+ |d+ de |+s
a+c|caes, se ccast|u,e cca |+ ccac|a+c| a de
|deat|d+des d|e|s+s ue se |e+||:+a, ||c|ecea,
se e\|es+a , d|+|c+a eat|e s cca |esetc ,
|c||:cat+||d+d , +c|e+ ea ua+ |ueate +c|e|t+ ,
||ea+ de e\e||eac|+s, |de+|es, |a eaes, desecs,
||ac||cs , |c,ectcs, ac|a+s, | a|tes, |c||:cates,
t+|e+s, ccacc|a|eatcs , |ecu|scs ue tcdcs s|eatea
|c|cs, ue tcdcs cca+|tea.

Diversidad Linguistica.indd 56 2/5/07 11:23:05
]
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
LOS PUEBLOS INDGENAS
EN MXICO
/O ///|/O |\| 6/\! O/|6|\!/|O
tcac ,+ |acs, |+ tcast|tuc| a est+c|ece
ue |+ a+c| a ae\|c+a+ t|eae ua+ ccacs|c| a
|u||cu|tu|+| susteat+d+ c|||a+|aeate ea
sus uec|cs |ad ea+s. lcs uec|cs |ad ea+s
est a |c|a+dcs c| ccaua|d+des |+s ue
desc|eadea de |cs cc|+dc|es c|||a+||cs
de| te|||tc||c ue |c, ccacceacs ccac
M \|cc. lcs |ad ea+s +acest|+|es |a|c|+|ca e|
cc|+a|eatc de su te|||tc||c |+ce a s de dcs
c t|es a|| + cs.
t+d+ uec|c |ad ea+ t|eaea su |c|+ cu|tu|+ , su
|c|+ |eau+, su |c|c s|stea+ de c|+a|:+c| a
c| t|c+ , scc|+|, su |c|+ a+ae|+ de eas+| ea |+
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 57 2/5/07 11:23:06
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
]~
||stc||+, ea |+ a+tu|+|e:+ , ea |+ scc|ed+d , c+d+
uec|c t|eae e\|es|caes a|c+s de su tecac|c +,
su c|eac|+ , su +|te. la e| auadc |ad ea+ ||c|ece
|+ d|e|s|d+d.
1cdcs |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s t|eaea e| de|ec|c
ccast|tuc|ca+| + |+ ||c|e dete|a|a+c| a , c:+a de
tcd+s |+s |escas+c|||d+des , de|ec|cs ue ctc|+
|+ tcast|tuc| a + tcd+s , + tcdcs |cs ae\|c+acs.
l+ cc|+c| a |ad ea+ ea auest|c + s +|c+a:+
+||ededc| de| 1 de |+ cc|+c| a tct+| , ea
+|ua+s eat|d+des, ccac t||++s, +|c+a:+
+||ededc| de| | de |+ cc|+c| a de| est+dc.
l+s |eau+ , cu|tu|+s |ad ea+s, ccac |acs ea
ct|c ++|t+dc, sca a s de e , sca au, d|e|s+s.
-|ua+s |eau+s t|eaea seae,+a:+s c| su c||ea
cca a, ccac sucede cca e| a+,+ ea|asu|+|,
e| tse|t+|, e| tscts|| , e| c|c|. Ot|+s |eau+s
sca cca|et+aeate d|st|at+s eat|e s , t|eaea
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 58 2/5/07 11:23:06
])
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
|+a t|c+s , c| eaes d|e|scs ccac ccu||e, c|
e,ea|c eat|e e| u|| ec|+ , e| tctca+cc.
:| |+c|+acs de |e|+c|caes |ate|cu|tu|+|es eat|e
|cs uec|cs |ad ea+s c|||a+||cs, de +cue|dc
cca |c ue cdeacs e| ea || a|des, este|+s ,
cc,etcs ce|eaca|+|es, |ucc |e|+c|caes eat|e |+s
cu|tu|+s de \cc||c+|cc, M|t|+, l+|eaue c 1||+|
cca |+s cu|tu|+s ue se +seat+|ca ea |e|caes
t+a d|st+ates ccac |+ de M+c|u l|c|u, ea |+
:ca+ acat+ cs+ de |c ue |c, ccacceacs ccac
le| . l| t| ||cc de ae|c+ac +s , |cs |ccescs de
e\+as| a , ccau|st+, sca +|ua+s c+us+s de
estcs |ate|c+ac|cs e|c t+ac| a s+ceacs ue
|cs uec|cs c|||a+||cs ce|ec|+c+a |c ue +|c|+
ccacceacs ccac cca|escs |ate|a+c|ca+|es ea |cs
ue cca+|t +a descuc||a|eatcs, ccacc|a|eatcs,
||tcs, a s|c+ c ces +.
-| desceade| de |cs cc|+dc|es c|||a+||cs, |cs
uec|cs |ad ea+s ccateac| aecs sca |e|ede|cs
de sus descuc||a|eatcs, de sus ccacc|a|eatcs, de
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 59 2/5/07 11:23:06
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
e
|+s |de+s ue e||cs se |c|a+|ca de| auadc |e+| e
|a+|a+||c, de sus c|e+c|caes , e\e||eac|+s de
|d+. tca su |d+ d|+||+, |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s
ccateac| aecs |e|ea este |e+dc , |c |ec|e+a.
1+ac| a |cs aest|:cs ue t|eaea s+a|e |ad ea+
ea sus ea+s, a|sacs ue |e|eseat+a ua+ |+a
a+,c| + de |+ cc|+c| a a+c|ca+|, sca |e|ede|cs
de este a|sac |e+dc.
l+ |e|eac|+ ue acs |e+|ca |cs +ate+s+dcs
|ad ea+s es |+ade , d|e|s+: es+c|cs +|+ |+
|e||e\| a c|eat ||c+ ea |e|+c| a cca e| t|eac ,
|cs +st|cs, ccac es e| c+sc de| ccse|+tc||c de
\cc||c+|cc, |+ |aeac| a de| ce|c, |+ |ed|+ de|
sc| -:tec+ ue es tcdc ua t|+t+dc de +st|caca +,
ec|+| + e ||stc||+, |+s a+a ||c+s c+ce:+s
c|aec+s, ccac |eseac|+s t|ecs ue tcd+ +
|es||+a, |cs ||a s|acs |r4:4 ea |ed|+ ue
eacs ea M|t|+ c \+\c||| a, |+s cuac|es de
tca+|c+|cc ue acs |+cea ||| |c ue s|a|||c+
ua |c||:cate +c|e|tc, c |+s c+||t+s tctca+c+s ue
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 60 2/5/07 11:23:06
e1
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
auest|+a ua+ +|c|+c| a e\| c|t+ de |+ +|e| +. l|
|e+dc es |+ade, est +| , acs |a|t+ + ccacce||c
, + d|+|c+| cca | +|+ cca|eade||c ae,c| ,
+|ec|+||c.
/O ///|/O |\| 6/\! O\/h/O/ \/O
/-|:./ a .a |: //-rr:
lcs uec|cs |ad ea+s ccateac| aecs sca
d|e|scs ,, +| a|sac t|eac, cca+|tea auc|cs
|+scs. 1|eaea ua+ a+ae|+ seae,+ate de
|e|+c|ca+|se cca |+ a+tu|+|e:+ ,, ea esec|+|, cca
|+ t|e||+ , e| cu|t|c. la+ +|te |ac|t+ate de su
|d+ ccaua|t+||+ cct|d|+a+ , ||tu+| ||+ +||ededc|
de |cs c|c|cs de +|+dc, s|eac|+, ccsec|+ ,
desc+asc de |+ t|e||+. l+|+ estcs uec|cs, |+ t|e||+
es due + , a+d|e + |+ e:, es ua+ |ate||ccutc|+ cca
|+ ue se uede |+c|+| cca |esetc , cca||+a:+.
ls c|ea ccacc|d+ |+ c|e+c| a ||st ||c+ ue |+a
|ec|c |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s de |+ a||+, ccac
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 61 2/5/07 11:23:06
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
e!
|u||cu|t|c (ccac d|,|acs +ates de a+ :, |||,c|,
|+c+, tca+te, c|||e, c+|+c+:+ , ue ct|a|:+ e|
|ead|a|eatc de |+ t|e||+ ,, +| a|sac t|eac, |+
|ctee.
\/4: -a .oaa/4:4
Ot|+ c+|+cte| st|c+ ue cca+|tea es ua esec|+|
seat|dc de e|teaeac|+ ccaua|t+||+ ue e|a|te +
|+s e|sca+s , |+a|||+s |ad ea+s seat||se +cc|d+s
, seu|+s deat|c de ua |uc |ua+ac ue |c|a+
+|te de su |c|c se| , de| cu+| |c|a+a +|te. la
|uc ue |es |de |e+||:+| +cc|caes ea ceae||c|c
de ct|+s e|sca+s , |+a|||+s de sus ccaua|d+des
,, de a+ae|+ |ec |cc+, |+s |a|t+ + |ec|c|| e|
ceae||c|c de |+s +cc|caes de ct|cs ec|acs de
sus ccaua|d+des. l| /-a/ es ua+ e\|es| a de
|+ |d+ ccaua|t+||+. ls ua+ +ct||d+d cc|ect|+
ue cusc+ ua c|ea cca a (+cueductc, escue|+,
c+a|ac, |ecue|+c| a de ccsue, |+:+ c||c+ ,.
1+ac| a e\|ste |+ o:a :a-|/:, s|stea+ c|
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 62 2/5/07 11:23:07
e|
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
e| cu+| ua+ |+a|||+ |de +c,c + ct|+s |+a|||+s
+|+ |e+||:+| ua+ t+|e+ esec ||c+ , ued+ ea
deud+: cu+adc |+s ct|+s |+a|||+s aeces|t+a +,ud+,
ea |ec||cc|d+d, uedea sc||c|t+||+. 1+ac| a
|cs .:r sca e\|es|caes de este s|stea+
de sc||d+||d+d , +c,c autuc: |+c|+s + e||cs,
|+s ccaua|d+des cueat+a cca c||c +s, ,ueces,
cce|a+dc|es c estc|es ue, s|a |ec|c|| s+|+||cs,
|e+||:+a sus t|+c+,cs c| tu|acs +s|a+dcs ue
du|+a uac, dcs c t|es + cs. la e| auadc |ad ea+,
t|+c+,+| +|+ , cca |+ ccaua|d+d es +|c|+dc ccac
ua ||||e|c , ua |cac| ue se +|+dece.
h:r/a:./ a
:ca auc|+s ct|+s |+s c+|+cte| st|c+s cs|t|+s
ue cca+|tea |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s de| M \|cc
ccateac| aec. les+|c|tua+d+aeate auc|cs
t+ac| a cca+|tea +|tcs ad|ces de cc|e:+
, d|sc||a|a+c| a ccac |esu|t+dc de auc|cs
, au, d|e|scs |e,u|c|cs ue, cca e| +sc de|
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 63 2/5/07 11:23:07
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
e+
t|eac, ||e+|ca + |c|a+| +|te de| |a+|a+||c
scc|+| , d|e|ca ccac |esu|t+dc ||st ||cc c| t|c+s
c||c+s ue ae+|ca |+ d|e|s|d+d , |+c|ec|e|ca
|+ e\c|us| a de tcd+s |+s |eau+s , cu|tu|+s ue
ac |ue|+a e| es+ c| , ac se +|ec|e|+a +| acde|c
cu|tu|+| dca|a+ate. led|c+acs e| s|u|eate
seaeatc + |e|s+| +|uacs de estcs |e,u|c|cs
aeac|ca+dcs, e|c +ates |ccaeacs |+ |ectu|+
de +|uacs e|scs eae|+dcs c| |+ cet|:+
a+:+tec+ ccateac| ae+ M+| + :+c|a+, ea |+
t|+ducc| a de| ,+ aeac|ca+dc }u+a t|ec||c
ke|ac.
Dice Mar a Sabina
:c, au,e| |u:
au,e| d +
au,e| ue se aece
au,e| c||s+
au,e| |eatc
au,e| u||+
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 64 2/5/07 11:23:07
e]
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
au,e| +|t|+
au,e| de eas+a|eatc
au,e| |eau+,e
au,e| s+|+d+
au,e| due +
au,e| t|eac
au,e| |eac||ac
au,e| |a||a|tc.

:c, au,e| c|u+||cs+
au,e| ||a|+
au,e| |ua+
au,e| est|e||+
au,e| c|e|c
au,e| ue s+ce a+d+| ea |c s+|+dc
c|ue uedc c|+|
ccac |+ c||s+.

:c, au,e| c|+||d+d
au,e| ue |+ce ||+|
au,e| ue t|uea+
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 65 2/5/07 11:23:07
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
ee
au,e| ue s|eac|+
au,e| ue |+c|+ |ua||deaeate
ue |+c|+ de |+ u|etud
ue t|eade |ue||+.
Mu,e| ||esc+ ccac |+ c||s+
ccac e| |cc c
ccac e| +u+ t|e|a+
ccac |+ ||c| |+d|+ate
ccac |+ ||c| ||a|+
|+ ||c| ||esc+ ue se e|e+.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 66 2/5/07 11:23:07
e
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
POLTICAS
MONOCULTURALES
l+s c| t|c+s acaccu|tu|+|es t|eaea ccac
|c s|tc |c|c|+| |+ ua||c|a|d+d cu|tu|+|, e|
dca|a|c de ua+ sc|+ cu|tu|+ scc|e |+s ct|+s. \c
aeces+||+aeate cusc+a |+ e\t|ac| a de |+s cu|tu|+s
+|te|a+s, s|a|eaeate e|t+a d|se +| , ||a+ac|+|
+cc|caes ea |+c| de su ||c|ec|a|eatc ,, ccac
ccasecueac|+, |+s |eau+s , |+s cu|tu|+s |e|dea
|ue|:+ ,, ea auc|cs c+scs, |+au|decea.
- c+us+ de est+s c| t|c+s cdeacs dec||, + a+ae|+
de e,ea|c, ue |c, c| |c,:
: |c e| + de |+s e a|| |eau+s de| auadc es
us+dc c| e| )e de |+ cc|+c| a auad|+|.

Diversidad Linguistica.indd 67 2/5/07 11:23:08

/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
e~
] c| c|eatc de |+s |eau+s de| auadc
est a ea e|||c de des++|ece|.
) de |+s |eau+s de| auadc ac t|eae
|eseac|+ ea late|aet.
le |+s |eau+s ue se |+c|+a ea M \|cc,
!] est a ea e|||c de des++|ece|.
-||ededc| de| e de |+s e|sca+s |ad ea+s
de 1] + cs , a s ac |+ te|a|a+dc |+
educ+c| a ||a+||+.
la e| + c !], 1]~ a|| a| +s , a| cs
|ad ea+s de eat|e ] , 1+ + cs ac +s|st +a + |+
escue|+.
la eae|+|, cdeacs dec|| ue est+s c| t|c+s
acaccu|tu|+|es est a |uad+aeat+d+s ea
|e,u|c|cs, es dec||, ea suuestcs ue ac t|eaea
susteatc |e+| e|c se +cet+a ccac c|e|tcs

Diversidad Linguistica.indd 68 2/5/07 11:23:08

e)
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
c|ue |cs tca+dc|es de dec|s|caes , ua+ |+a
+|te de |+ scc|ed+d, s|a cuest|ca+| su +||de:, |cs
ccas|de|+a c|e|tcs. :ca auc|cs estcs |e,u|c|cs
, au, cca|e,cs c|ue est a |ate||e|+c|ca+dcs.
-a+||:+|eacs dcs ue sca |uad+aeat+|es.
/r-/a/./ |:; aa: .a|/ar: a)-r/r- : /r:
l|cc+c|eaeate uac de |cs |e,u|c|cs a s
e|||cscs es e| de c|ee| ue e\|stea ua+s
cu|tu|+s sue||c|es + ct|+s , ue, c| |c t+atc,
tcdcs |cs uec|cs , |+s scc|ed+des d|e|s+s de|
auadc decea de,+| sus cu|tu|+s suuest+aeate
|a|e||c|es +|+ +sua|| ccac |c|+s est+s cu|tu|+s
ue se +utcde||aea ccac sue||c|es.
lstc se ue|e a s cca||c+dc cu+adc se
ccas|de|+ ue, ea eae|+|, |+s cu|tu|+s dca|a+ates
sca |+s ue t|eaea e| cde| scc|e |cs aed|cs
de ccaua|c+c| a. lc|ue estcs aed|cs sca |cs
|ecu|scs ue us+a |+s cu|tu|+s dca|a+ates +|+
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 69 2/5/07 11:23:08
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:

|+ce| |c++ad+ ea su |+c| ,, ea cc+s|caes, ea

ccat|+ de ct|+s cu|tu|+s +|te|a+s ea s|tu+c| a de
deseat+,+ ecca a|c+, c| t|c+ c scc|+|. M|eat|+s
a s |c++ad+ de este t|c se |++, a s se
dec|||t+a |+s cu|tu|+s cca aeac| cde| , aeac|
+ccesc t|eaea + |cs aed|cs de |c++ad+. ls ua
c |cu|c |c|csc d|| c|| de |cae|.
/r-/a/./ )rr- /a///.: .:o/a:r |:./: aa:
o-/: a/.: ; )r aa o/o .:o/a
l+ |de+ de |c|esc, ccac se eat|eade ea este
s||c \\l, es ua+ |de+ ue su|e de |+s cu|tu|+s
dca|a+ates, es ua+ |de+ ue se |acae, desde e|
cde|, + |+s scc|ed+des. la auest|cs d +s, |c|esc
s|a|||c+, eat|e ct|+s ccs+s, ccaseu|| ||ue:+, |+a+
, cde| ea +cuad+ac|+. ls e|deate ue, ccac
|cs |ecu|scs de| |+aet+ sca esc+scs, +|+ ue
uacs tea+a auc|c, ct|cs aeces|t+a teae| ccc c
a+d+. ls e|deate t+ac| a ue, s| |+ aet+ es teae|
auc|c, |+ a|sa+ a+tu|+|e:+ se| s+c||||c+d+. l+
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 70 2/5/07 11:23:08
1
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
|de+ de |c|esc, ccac se eat|eade ea auest|cs
d +s, es ua+ |de+ e\c|u,eate, ue ac d+ ua |u+|
+ccesc + |cs ceae||c|cs + tcd+s , + tcdcs , ue ac
tca+ ea cueat+ |+s aeces|d+des de |+ a+tu|+|e:+
a|sa+: de| +u+, e| sue|c, e| c||a+, e| +||e c |+s
esec|es eet+|es , +a|a+|es.
la est+ |de+ de |c|esc |+, ua+ sc|+ aet+
dese+d+: |+ ccac|a+c| a de cde|, ||ue:+ , |+a+.
\, ccac |+, ua+ aet+ a|c+, |+, ua sc|c c+a|ac
+|+ +|c+a:+||+.
leas+| ue |c|es+| es || |+c|+ ua+ aet+ a|c+
, c| ua c+a|ac a|cc es ua |e,u|c|c ue,
c| des|+c|+, cca+|tea +a||cs |ucs de |+
scc|ed+d auad|+|. le|c, ea |e+||d+d, |+ |de+ de
|c|esc es +c|e|t+ ue ac sucae aet+ +|ua+
a| |+ e\|steac|+ de c+a|acs |edete|a|a+dcs.
:e a acs d|ce e| d|cc|ca+||c, |c|esc s|a|||c+
++ace, +de|+atc, e||ecc|ca+a|eatc. lst+
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 71 2/5/07 11:23:08
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
!
de||a|c| a de |c|esc ac |ad|c+ ++ace |+c|+
d ade c c ac, ac de||ae t+accc ea |e|+c| a
cca u se eat|eade |+ |de+ de ae,c|+a|eatc.
le,+ +c|e|t+ |+ de||a|c| a +|+ ue c+d+ u|ea
dec|d+ c| s a|sac |+c|+ d ade ccas|de|+ ue
aeces|t+ c u|e|e ++a:+| , u eat|eade c|
ae,c|+a|eatc. lc| ct|+ +|te, cu+adc |+s aet+s
ac est a |edete|a|a+d+s, es aeces+||c |aeat+|
c+a|acs +|te|a+t|cs +|+ c+d+ aet+ +|te|a+t|+.
-s ccac d|ce e| cet+ M+c|+dc, c+a|a+ate, ac
|+, c+a|ac, se |+ce c+a|ac +| +ad+|.
lcs uec|cs |ad ea+s t|eaea sus |c|cs |de+|es,
sus |c|cs act|cs de +a|e|c, sus |c|+s
a+ae|+s de eas+| e| auadc , de t|+as|t+| scc|e
|+ sue|||c|e de |+ t|e||+. :| |eccau|st+acs |+ |de+
de |c|esc ccac ua+ |de+ de ae,c|+a|eatc ,
de ++ace |+c|+ ua |u+| +a|e|+dc ue se de||ae
ac c| |acs|c| a de ct|cs s|ac de a+ae|+ ||c|e
, scce|+a+, est+|eacs +c||eadc tcdc ua auadc
de cs|c||d+des aue+s, +|te|a+t|+s c|e+t|+s ,
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 72 2/5/07 11:23:08
|
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
|ccs|t|+s ue, cs|c|eaeate, t|+|+a auecs
+||es , auecs |c||:cates + |cs uec|cs de| auadc
ue u|e|ea |c|es+| ea cusc+ de ae,c|+a|eatc.
l|ce le||\ M+|t , de| teat|c l\l:tO ea t+t+|u +:
l+ d|e|s|d+d cu|tu|+| es e| +t||aca|c a s
|ac|t+ate de |+ |ua+a|d+d , e| cca,uatc de
cu|tu|+s es e| tesc|c a s |+ade ue |+ eae|+dc
|+ ||stc||+, es auest|c cca|ca|sc |c|c|+| su
||c|ec|a|eatc.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 73 2/5/07 11:23:09
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 74 2/5/07 11:23:09
]
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
POLTICAS INTERCULTURALES
|a.|a/ a ; |r/:a/:|/4:4
l| M \|cc ccateac| aec se ||e c| c| t|c+s
|ate|cu|tu|+|es ue t|eaea ccac |c s|tc
|+c|ece| |+s |e|+c|caes |ac|u,eates , |c||:cat+|es
eat|e |+s cu|tu|+s d|e|s+s, +s ccac |c|c|+| e|
su||a|eatc de auecs , +|te|a+t|cs acu|cs ,
|+:cs scc|+|es. la+ de |+s c|+es +|+ eateade| |+s
|e|+c|caes |ate|cu|tu|+|es es |+ cca|eas| a de |+
|ac|us| a , |+ |c||:cat+||d+d.
|a.|a/ a
tu+adc |+c|+acs de |ac|us| a, acs |e|e||acs +|
|ec|c de |+c|ece| de a+ae|+ +ct|+ , |ccs|t|+
ue +ue||cs ue +ates est+c+a e\c|u|dcs de ua
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 75 2/5/07 11:23:09
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
e
|uc scc|+| dete|a|a+dc, eat|ea + |c|a+| +|te
|ate|+ate de ese |uc ue +ates |cs e\c|u +.
le|c cca ua+ ccad|c| a, cca |+ ccad|c| a de ue,
+| se| |ac|u|dcs, |cs ue +ates est+c+a e\c|u|dcs
cueatea cca tcd+s |+s ccad|c|caes ue |es
e|a|t+a ccase|+| sus ||ac||cs, sus |eau+s ,
sus |deat|d+des cu|tu|+|es ,, +| a|sac t|eac, |es
e|a|t+a +|t|c|+| +ct|+ , |ccs|t|+aeate ea |cs
|c,ectcs de |+s scc|ed+des |ate|cu|tu|+|es de |+s
ue, ccac |esu|t+dc de |+ |ac|us| a, |c|a+a +|te.
\ - | o/o /a.|a/r a- /a/-r:r
-ates, ea auest|c + s |+c + |c|+a+s +|+
|ate|+| + |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s + |+ |d+
a+c|ca+|. Muc|cs de estcs |c|+a+s cusc+c+a
cc||+| |+s |eau+s , |cs |+scs |ad ea+s, cusc+c+a
ua||c|a+| + |cs |ate|+dcs +|+ ue de,+|+a +t| s
sus |e|eac|+s ||a st|c+s , cu|tu|+|es , +sua|e|+a
ccac |c|+s |+s ccstuac|es , ||c||d+des de |cs
ct|cs, +s ccac |+ |eau+ c+ste||+a+.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 76 2/5/07 11:23:09

/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:

h+, ua+ |+a d||e|eac|+ eat|e |ate|+| e |ac|u||.
Qu|ea |ate|+ cc||+ |deat|d+des, u|ea |ac|u,e,
d+ +ccesc + |cs c|eaes de ua+ scc|ed+d +a||+ ,
+c|e|t+ ,, +| a|sac t|eac, |c|c|+ +ct|+aeate
|+ ccase|+c| a de |+s |deat|d+des |c|+s
de +ue||cs ue se |ac|u,ea ea ua+ scc|ed+d
|ate|cu|tu|+|, +a||+.
/-|:./a- |r/:a/:|-
h+c|+| de |e|+c|caes |c||:cat+|es es |+c|+| de
|e|+c|caes eat|e |u+|es. ls |+c|+| de ua+ |u+|d+d
ue su|e de |+ |c|+ ccad|c| a |ua+a+ , ue
ea+a+ de auest|+ t+|t+ M+a+ , de |cs le|ec|cs
hua+acs la|e|s+|es. tcac d|,|acs ea ct|c
++|t+dc, |+ |c||:cat+||d+d se d+ cu+adc |+s
e|sca+s t|eaea |+s a|sa+s cc|tua|d+des de
e\|es+| |c |c|c , de se| escuc|+d+s, cu+adc
|+, ccad|c|caes +|+ ue, cca |esetc , +c|eac|+,
uacs d|+|cuea cca ct|cs, uacs dec+t+a cca ct|cs,
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 77 2/5/07 11:23:09
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
~
uacs se e\|esea +ate ct|cs cca |ec||cc|d+d ,
cca +ccesc + |cs a|sacs es+c|cs, + |cs a|sacs
t|eacs, + |+s a|sa+s cc|tua|d+des.
la |cs d| |ccs , dec+tes |ate|cu|tu|+|es, ccac
s|ea|e ue se t|+t+ de |e|+c|caes |ua+a+s, uacs
s+cea a s de +|uacs tea+s , ct|cs s+cea a s
de ct|cs tea+s, uacs t|eaea ua+s e\e||eac|+s de
|d+ , ct|cs t|eaea ct|+s, c| esc, c+d+ u| a t|eae
d|st|at+ +utc||d+d cu+adc |+c|+. -|uacs t|eaea
+utc||d+d cu+adc |+c|+a de esc+, ct|cs cu+adc
|+c|+a de ccae|c|c , ct|cs a s, cu+adc |+c|+a de
aed|c|a+. l+ |c||:cat+||d+d ac s|a|||c+ ue tcdcs
se+a |c a|sac , |+c|ea de |c a|sac, s|a|||c+
ue tcd+s , tcdcs eacueat|+a |+ cs|c|||d+d de
|+c|+| ea |e de |u+|d+d cca sus |ate||ccutc|es,
ccac e|sca+s , ccac c|ud+d+acs.
a4/./a-
lcs uec|cs |ad ea+s, +|+ teae| |e|+c|caes
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 78 2/5/07 11:23:10
)
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
|c||:cat+|es, aeces|t+a eaccat|+| ccad|c|caes
||a st|c+s +|+ d|+|c+|, ea |e de |u+|d+d
cca tcdcs |cs a|eac|cs de |+ a+c| a ae\|c+a+.
lstc se uede |c|+| c| auc|+s |ut+s d|st|at+s.
Meac|ca+acs dcs ue ccas|de|+acs |ac|t+ates:
:, |c|c|+| |+ |c|||e|+c| a de t|+ductc|es ue
|estea sus se||c|cs |c|es|ca+|es ea |cs es+c|cs
c||ccs (,u|+dcs, ceat|cs a d|ccs, ceat|cs de
cca|e|eac|+s, ceat|cs de |ate|c+ac|c ae|c+at||,
c a+|+ de d|ut+dcs c c a+|+ de sea+dc|es, c|
e,ea|c,, |, |c|c|+| e| des+||c||c de |c|+a+s
ue |+c|e:c+a e| +|ead|:+,e de| es+ c| ccac
|eau+ e||cu|+| , ccac seuad+ |eau+ |c|+
, ue, +| a|sac t|eac, |c|t+|e:c+a |+s |eau+s
a+te|a+s , |+s cu|tu|+s de |cs estud|+ates.
/:r: a- 4 - ::|r-a 4- o:a-r: oa/a:
a-.-//:a .a.-r-
l+ +|c|+c| a de |+s ccs+s se des|eade de|
ccacc|a|eatc de |+s ccs+s. \+d|e +|c|+ |c ue
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 79 2/5/07 11:23:10
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
~
ac ccacce. \+|c|+acs +ue||c ue eacs , acs
|esu|t+ +da||+c|e, e,ea|+|, |e|acsc, |ate|es+ate,
eau|+c|e :ca auc|+s |+s |+:caes c| |+s cu+|es
+|c|+acs |+s ccs+s , |+s e|sca+s ue ccacceacs
, |c|a+a +|te de auest|c eatc|ac d||ectc c
d|st+ate.
lc| esc, ea M \|cc, |+ c| t|c+ |ate|cu|tu|+| cusc+
|+c|ece| ue se ccac:c+a eat|e s |cs uec|cs
|ad ea+s, |cs |ucs aest|:cs , tcdcs |cs ct|cs
|ucs scc|+|es. l+|+ ce|+| est+ c| t|c+ |+,
auc|+s |ut+s de +cc| a ue, ea cca,uatc se
cca|eaeat+a , se cteac|+a. Meac|ca+acs dcs
ue acs +|ecea |ac|t+ates.
/r/:|-./o/-a/ 4- |: |-aa:
; |: .a|/ar: /a4 -a:
lst+ +cc| a cusc+ |+c|ece| tcdc ua cca|e,c
ac|a|eatc de |aest|+c| a , +cc| a ue |c|c|e
|ccescs s ||dcs ue e|a|t+a + |cs |ate|+ates
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 80 2/5/07 11:23:10
~1
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
de |cs uec|cs |ad ea+s |+ce| e\| c|tcs (+ate
e||cs a|sacs ,, de a+ae|+ se|ect|+, +ate |+s
scc|ed+des a+c|ca+|es, sus +|c|es a s |ec|+dcs,
sus |de+s a s c|e+t|+s, sus e\e||eac|+s de
|d+, sus |ecc|caes +|ead|d+s, sus +a|e|cs , sus
ese|+a:+s. lc| este a|sac |ccesc, |+ c| t|c+
|ate|cu|tu|+| cusc+ |+c|ece| e| |c|t+|ec|a|eatc de
|+s |eau+s |ad ea+s, c|ue |+c|+| de |eau+ es
|+c|+| de eas+a|eatc, de aeac||+, de |e|st|c,
de c|+a|:+c| a, de | |c+. lc|t+|ece| |+s |eau+s
|ad ea+s es |c|t+|ece| t+ac| a |cs |ccescs
|deat|t+||cs , |cs |ccescs de ccast|ucc| a ,
|ec|e+c| a de ccacc|a|eatc , eas+a|eatc |c|c.
\//|/|/::./ a 4- | a- :a/- ):r-. : /a://||-
Ot|+ |ac|t+ate +cc| a de |+ c| t|c+ |ate|cu|tu|+|
es |c|c|+| ue tcd+s |+s scc|ed+des ue |c|a+a
|+ a+c| a ae\|c+a+, tea+a |+ cc|tua|d+d de
ccacce| |+s ae,c|es e\|es|caes de |+s |eau+s ,
|+s cu|tu|+s |ad ea+s ccateac| ae+s , tea+a
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 81 2/5/07 11:23:11
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
~!
|+ cc|tua|d+d de est+c|ece| d| |ccs , dec+tes
|ate|cu|tu|+|es cca est+s cu|tu|+s, + t|+ s de
e|sca+s ue |+s |e|eseat+a , + t|+ s de
e\|es|caes +|t st|c+s, tecac| |c+s, c|eat ||c+s,
c| t|c+s, ecc| |c+s c scc|+|es ue |c|a+a +|te
de |e+dcs +acest|+|es ue ccc|+a |d+ aue+ ea |+
|c|+ |d+ de |cs |ad ea+s ccateac| aecs.
le est+ a+ae|+, |+ c| t|c+ |ate|cu|tu|+| cusc+
|c|c|+|, +dea s de| ||c|ec|a|eatc de |+s |eau+s
, cu|tu|+s |ad ea+s, e| a+c|a|eatc de ua+ aue+
scc|ed+d |ac|u,eate, seas|c|e, |a|c|a+d+, ue
+|c|+ |+ d|e|s|d+d, ue s+ce est+c|ece| d| |ccs ,
dec+tes |c||:cat+|es , +c|e|tcs + |+s |de+s , uatcs
de |st+ +|te|a+t|cs, ue es c++: de ccacec|| sus
|c|+s |de+s de |c|esc , de d|se +| auecs
c+a|acs ue |+ ccadu:c+a + auecs , ae,c|es
|u+|es +a|e|+dcs ea |cs ue |+,+ ua |u+| , ua+
t+|e+ +|+ c+d+ uac, ea |cs ue |+s e|sca+s , |cs
|ucs d|e|scs, se |acu|ea de aue+s a+ae|+s
c|e+t|+s , +|t|c|+t|+s , ea dcade tcd+s , tcdcs
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 82 2/5/07 11:23:11
~|
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
ccea de |cs a|sacs de|ec|cs , tea+a +ccesc +
|cs a|sacs |ecu|scs , + |+s a|sa+s cc|tua|d+des.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 83 2/5/07 11:23:11
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 84 2/5/07 11:23:12
~]
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
PARA TERMINAR
lcs auest|cs sca t|eacs +c|e|tcs, |ate|es+ates
, cca|e,cs. \uest|+s scc|ed+des |+a +|ead|dc
+ |eccacce| ue |+ d|e|s|d+d es ua |ec|c, ue
e\|stea ea e| auadc |a||a|d+d de esec|es de
|+at+s , +a|a+|es , ue tcd+ + ea auest|cs
d +s, |cs c|eat ||ccs eacueat|+a esec|es aue+s
+ates desccacc|d+s. keccacceacs ue ea tcdc e|
auadc |+, ce|c+ de c|acc a|| cu|tu|+s , +||ededc|
de se|s a|| |eau+s ue |ea ea |+ |d+ de auc|+s
, au, d|st|at+s ccaua|d+des. \, de a+ae|+
+|t|cu|+|, s+ceacs ue ea auest|c + s |+, a s
de e |eau+s , cu|tu|+s d|e|s+s ue ccast|tu,ea
ua +||csc |e+dc +|+ |+ |ua+a|d+d.
l+ d|e|s|d+d ac s |c se |eccacce ccac ua
|ec|c, t+ac| a es ua de|ec|c. :+ceacs
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 85 2/5/07 11:23:12
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
~e
ue tcd+s , tcdcs teaeacs de|ec|c + se|
d|st|atcs, + se| acsct|cs a|sacs, + eas+| ccac
eas+acs , + c|e+| , des+||c||+| |c,ectcs
|c|cs. l+ tcast|tuc| a , ua |ac|t+ate
cca,uatc dec|+|+c|caes , |e,es +a+|+a auest|c
de|ec|c ccac e|sca+s, ccac |+a|||+s , ccac
ccaua|d+des + ||| de +cue|dc cca auest|+s
|deat|d+des. lat|e ct|+s ccs+s c|ue |+s
scc|ed+des |+a descuc|e|tc ue ea |+ d|e|s|d+d
|es|de ua +|c| cteac|+|, ua+ |ueate +|te|a+t|+ de
uatcs de |st+, |de+s, e\e||eac|+s, ccacc|a|eatcs
, a+ae|+s de est+c|ece| ||c||d+des , ||ac||cs.
le|c +|+ ue |+ ||ue:+ ue |+te ea |+ d|e|s|d+d
||a st|c+ , cu|tu|+| se cca|e|t+ ea ua |+ctc| ue
|+c|e:c+ auecs ccacc|a|eatcs, aue+s +ct|tudes,
auecs |c||:cates , aue+s |e|+c|caes scc|+|es, |+s
e|sca+s, |+s |+a|||+s , |+s ccaua|d+des t|eaea
ue +|eade| + ccaua|c+|se, + a+||+| sus |c|+s
||stc||+s, + escuc|+| cca +teac| a , + |escade|
cca |ec||cc|d+d, + ccast|u|| cueacs , acc|es
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 86 2/5/07 11:23:12
~
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
+|uaeatcs ue e\||uea sus uatcs de |st+
, sus ||ac||cs, + |esc|e| |cs cca|||ctcs ea e|
a+|cc de |+ |e, , + t|+ s de| d| |cc, + e\||c+|
sus |c,ectcs , de||a|| sus aeces|d+des, + |e+||:+|
t|+c+,cs cc|+cc|+t|cs , + ||| s|ea|e , ea tcd+s
|+s c||cuast+ac|+s cca |esetc + |+ d|a|d+d |c|+
, + |+ d|a|d+d ue tcd+s , tcdcs t|eaea ccac
se|es |ua+acs.
: |c s| |c|+acs ue tcd+s |+s e|sca+s, |+a|||+s
, ccaua|d+des +|t|c|ea de a+ae|+ +ct|+
, |ccs|t|+ ea |+ |d+ de |+ a+c| a, desde
sus |deat|d+des d|e|s+s , ea |e de |u+|d+d,
est+|eacs ||eadc ccac scc|ed+d a+c|ca+|
ea deacc|+c|+, de +cue|dc cca |c ue a+|c+
|+ tcast|tuc| a , de +cue|dc cca |cs le|ec|cs
hua+acs.
tcac e|sca+s, |+a|||+s , ccaua|d+des, scacs
c|ud+d+acs de ua auadc +c|e|tc ue |e +|
|au|sc de auc|cs |c,ectcs d|e|scs, ue ++a:+
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 87 2/5/07 11:23:13
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
~~
de +cue|dc cca ua+ se||e de ||c||d+des d|st|at+s,
ue est+c|ece c+d+ d + aue+s , sc||st|c+d+s
est|+te|+s de ccaua|c+c| a, ue c|e+ , |ec|e+
su c|eac|+ , descuc|e aue+s a+ae|+s de |+ce|
+|te. la e| seac de este auadc cca|e,c, tcd+s
, tcdcs, ea auest|+ ccad|c| a de |ua+acs,
teaeacs |+ a|sa+ d|a|d+d , |cs a|sacs de|ec|cs
ua|e|s+|es, cca+|t|acs ||ac||cs ue acs
e|a|tea teade| acu|cs de ua| a, , ccat+acs
cca +|ua+s |ast|tuc|caes ue |eu|+a |+ |d+
|+aet+||+ , ccc|d|a+a |+ +|t|c|+c| a de |+s
a+c|caes ea |+s dec|s|caes ue t|eaea ue e| cca
|+ est| a de |cs |ecu|scs a+tu|+|es , cca |+ |d+
scc|+| scc|e |+ 1|e||+.
-| a|sac t|eac e|teaeceacs +| auadc
, e| auadc acs e|teaece. le|teaeceacs +|
a|sac t|eac: + auest|+s |c|+s e|sca+s cca
sus cc||escad|eates |deat|d+des, + auest|+s
|+a|||+s, cca sus ||stc||+s , |e+dcs, + auest|+s
ccaua|d+des, cca su cca,uatc de e\e||eac|+s
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 88 2/5/07 11:23:13
~)
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
de \|tc , ||ust|+c| a, sus ccacc|a|eatcs, sus
ccstuac|es, su ec|+| +, sus a||+c|caes ,
+a|e|cs, , + auest|+s a+c|caes ue t+ac| a t|eaea
ua+ |deat|d+d ue se |e||e,+ |+c|+ +deat|c ea
e| |a+|a+||c scc|+| , se e\|es+ |+c|+ +|ue|+ +
t|+ s de |de+s, |cductcs, ||ac||cs, |de+|es
c |cuest+s ue sca |+ a+te||+ c s|c+ de |+s
|e|+c|caes |ate|cu|tu|+|es |ate|a+c|ca+|es.
lst+s dcs d|aeas|caes, |+ e|sca+|, at|a+ ,
ce|c+a+ , |+ auad|+| |+aet+||+, |e,cs de ||a|t+|acs,
+c|ea , +a| +a auest|+s cs|c|||d+des ues acs
|a|t+a + +ctu+| ea d|st|atcs |+acs de |+ |e+||d+d,
de auest|+ |e+||d+d. \cs |a|t+a + +sua|| |+ sc|ed+d
a s at|a+ , + |deat|||c+| auest|+s |e+|t+des
a s ue||d+s , acs |ecue|d+a ue, |c, c| |c,,
||acs ea ua auadc |u|+| |+c|t+dc c| auc|cs
ct|cs d|e|scs ue, cca ua+ a|sa+ d|a|d+d , ea
ua |+ac de |u+|d+d, t|eaea auc|c ue dec||acs
s| |cs escuc|+acs. Ot|cs ue, s| escuc|+a |c
ue |es dec|acs, cs|c|eaeate acs dec|e| a,
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 89 2/5/07 11:23:14
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
)
+ |+ a+ae|+ de ese,cs, auest|+s |c|+s |de+s
|ec|e+d+s, ea||uec|d+s, |ate|cu|tu|+||:+d+s.
lst+c|ece| |e|+c|caes |ate|cu|tu|+|es ac es | c||.
ls aeces+||c, ccac d|,|acs +ates, ccat+| cca
ccaeteac|+s +|+ |+ a+||+c| a, |+ escuc|+,
e| d| |cc , |+ +|uaeat+c| a |esetucs+. ls
aeces+||c |eccacce| ue tcd+s , tcdcs teaeacs
|+ a|sa+ d|a|d+d , |cs a|sacs de|ec|cs , +ctu+|
de +cue|dc cca |c ue |eccacceacs. ls aeces+||c
+|eade| + |s|t+| e| +s+dc ea cusc+ de |cs +|c|es
a s ue||dcs ue ccast|tu,ea auest|+ |e|eac|+,
+|+ d+||es |d+ aue+ ea e| |eseate ue ||acs ,
+|+ us+||cs +| d|se +| e| |utu|c ue +a|e|+acs. ls
aeces+||c +sua|| |+ |deat|d+d at|a+ , |+ |deat|d+d
|+aet+||+. ls aeces+||c +c+adca+| |+ ce|t|duac|e
, est+| +c|e|tcs + |+ sc||es+, + |+ |ac|us| a, +|
+|ead|:+,e. lc|ue cdeacs dec||, +|+||+se+adc
+ t+||cs lueates, ue ea |cs auadcs ua|t+||cs
c+d+ ccs+ t|eae su |u+|, ccacce su |u+|, |e ea
su |u+|, e|c ea |cs auadcs |u|+|es e| c|dea
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 90 2/5/07 11:23:14
)1
/: 4/:-r/4:4 .a|/ar:| ; |/a //.:
|ec|sc se desccacce , |+s ccs+s desccaccea
su |u+|, e|c |c cusc+a, |c eacueat|+a, |c
aecc|+a, |c t|eaea , |c cca+|tea, |c |e|dea, |c
|eccast|u,ea , |c |ecue|+a +| aeacs de a+ae|+
teac|+| +|+ |ec|e+||c a s t+|de. la |cs auadcs
|u|+|es, cca c+se ea |+ aeac||+ , |+ |e+|t+d +
auest|+s |deat|d+des, tcdc est c| |+ce|se , |+,
auc|c cca u |+ce||c de a+ae|+s d|e|s+s ,
cca|eaeat+||+s.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 91 2/5/07 11:23:15
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 92 2/5/07 11:23:15
lst+ ||ae|+ ed|c| a |ue |e|cduc|d+ ea e| a+|cc de|
ccaea|c de cc|+cc|+c| a ce|ec|+dc eat|e |+ tca|s| a
\+c|ca+| +|+ e| les+||c||c de |cs luec|cs lad ea+s , |+
:ec|et+| + de lduc+c| a l c||c+ +|+ |cace| e| ea|cue
|ate|cu|tu|+| , c|||a e ea educ+c| a.
lste |c|+a+ es de c+| cte| c||cc, ac es +t|cc|a+dc
a| |cac|dc c| +|t|dc c| t|cc +|uac , sus |ecu|scs
|c|eaea de |cs |auestcs ue ++a |cs ccat||cu,eates.
lst |c||c|dc e| usc de este |c|+a+ cca ||aes c| t|ccs,
e|ectc|+|es, de |uc|c , ct|cs d|st|atcs + |cs est+c|ec|dcs.
Qu|ea |++ usc |adec|dc de este |c|+a+ dece| se|
deauac|+dc , s+ac|ca+dc de +cue|dc cca |+ |e, +||c+c|e ,
+ate |+ +utc||d+d ccaeteate.
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 93 2/5/07 11:23:15
Diversidad Linguistica.indd 94 2/5/07 11:23:15