Coherent Detection of MPSK

For MPSK, signal space can be divided into M regions, having

angular width 2 / M.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Below is the signal space shown for QPSK, with possible phases 0,
/2, , 3 /2 radians
Lecture # 20
21st Apr 2007

Instructor
WASEEM KHAN

Centre for Advanced Studies in Engineering

The received signal can be expressed as

At the transmitter, binary digits are collected two at a time for each
symbol interval 2E 2 i 0 t T
Two sequential digits instruct the modulator as to which of the four si (t ) cos( 0 t ) n (t )
T M i 1 ,... M
waveforms to produce
si(t) can be expressed as: 2E 0 t T
0 t T or r (t ) cos i cos 0 t sin i sin 0 t n (t )
2E 2 i T i 1,... M
si (t ) cos( 0t )
where:
T M i 1,... M 2 i
where i
E: signal energy over each symbol duration T M
0: carrier frequency
The detector has to calculate the transmitted phase i, if
At the receiver, we define two reference signals it lies within region 1, the received symbol is s1, if within
region 2, then s2, if within region M, then sM.
2 2
1 (t ) cos 0 t 2 (t ) sin 0 t
T T

T
The upper integrator calculates X r (t ) 1 ( t ) dt The computation of the received phase angle can be
0 accomplished by computing the arctan of Y/X
Where:
T
The lower integrator calculates Y r (t ) ( t ) dt X: is the inphase component of the received signal
0 2
Y: is the quadrature component of the received signal
: is the noisy estimate of the transmitted i

The demodulator selects the i

that is closest to the angle

Or it computes | i - | for
each i prototypes and
chooses i yielding smallest
output

1
PSK Receiver Example: QPSK Probability of Bit-error for PSK
For binary signalling, with equal a piriori probabilities,
a1 a 0
PB Q
2 0
For BPSK (antipodal signalling),
a1 Eb
a0 Eb
This is true when matched filter is employed in place of
integrator.
The variance of noise at the output of the matched filter
is 2 N0
2

Hence for BPSK

2 Eb 2Eb
PB Q Q
N N0
2 0
Bit error probability for
2
coherently detected MPSK
PB for BPSK and QPSK* are same because QPSK is a
combination of two orthogonal BPSK channels.
For MPSK, with equally likely symbols,

2 Es
PE ( M ) 2Q sin
N0 M

where PE(M) is the probability of symbol error, Es is

symbol energy.

* When bits are gray-coded

Gray coding Problem

11 00
A possible set of QPSK symbols
S4 S1
with corresponding group of bits is
represented in this figure. S3 S2
For a BPSK system, what is the minimum
If the transmitted symbol S1, due to 10 01 Eb/N0, in dB, required to get BER not more
noise is detected as S4, two bits will
be in error; i.e. one symbol error
than 2 x 10-3. If N0 = 1uW/Hz, signal power is
means two bit-errors. 1 mW, how much maximum bit-rate is
Consider another possible set of symbols, shown below. possible?
10 00
This is gray-coding, in which, any
S4 S1 two neighbouring symbols differ from
S3 S2
one another in only one bit position.
11 01

2
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