2002 HKCEE Chemistry paper I marking scheme

Marks
(1) (a) Nitrogen is required for the formation of amino acids / proteins / chlorophyll / 1
chloroplast.

(b) Nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus and oxygen 1/0

or
N, H, P and O
(c)(i) Formula mass of (NH4)2SO4 = (14+4) × 2 + 32 + 16×4 = 132 1

14 × 2
% by mass of N = × 100% = 21.2 % (Accept 21, 21.2 and 21.21 )
132 1

(ii) Calcium hydroxide / calcium oxide / calcium carbonate 1

( slaked lime / lime water / quick lime / limestone / marble / calcite )

Calcium hydroxide / calcium oxide / calcium carbonate reacts with H+ in soil 1

( neutralizes acid in soil )
or
Ca(OH)2 / CaO / CaCO3 is not very soluble in water. It will not make the soil too
alkaline.
or
Ammonia solution / NH3(aq) (1)
+
Ammonia reacts with H in soil ( neutralizes acid in soil ) (1)
or
Ammonia is a weak alkali. It will not increase the soil pH to a great extent.

6 marks
(2) (a) Magnesium burns with a brilliant flame / white or bright light. 1
A white solid (MgO) or a yellow solid (Mg 3N2) is formed. (1)

2 Mg + O2 à 2 MgO ( white ) 1
or 3 Mg + N2 à Mg3N2 ( yellow ) (1)

(b) The colour of the potassium permanganate solution changes from purple to yellow 1

5 Fe2+ + MnO4− + 8 H+ à 5 Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4 H2O 1

10 FeSO4 + 2 KMnO4 + 8 H2SO4 à 5 Fe2(SO4)3 + 2 MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8 H2O (1)

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 (c) The solution changes from colourless to brown / orange / yellow ( NOT GAS ) 1

Cl2 + 2 Br− à 2 Cl− + Br2 1

or Cl2 + 2 NaBr à 2 NaCl + Br2 (1)
or 2 H+ + OCl− + 2 Br− à H2O + Cl− + Br2 (1)
6 marks

(3)
(a) Sodium nitrite 1
It is toxic to micro-organisms / bacteria 1

(b) Manganese(IV) oxide 1

It acts as an oxidizing agent / It reacts with ( removes ) H 2(g) produced at the cathode. 1

(c) Sodium dichromate 1

It changes from orange to green 1

6 marks
Chemical Knowledge ( 6 marks ) + Effective Communication ( 3 marks )

4. • Position of ion in the electrochemical series 1

( 1 mark for stating the factor and 1 mark for explanation in terms of comparison of two
discharging processes. )

− If carbon / platinum / copper ( any appropriate material ) is used as the cathode, Cu2+ ions
instead of H+ ions will be discharged because Cu2+ ion occupies a lower position on the 1
2+ +
e.c.s. ( Cu ion is more easily to be reduced / has a stronger oxidizing power than H )
OR
− In the electrolysis of dilute CuCl2(aq) using carbon / platinum as anode ( any appropriate
material ), OH− ions instead of Cl− ions will be discharged because OH − occupies a higher (1)
position in the e.c.s.
( OH− ion is more easily to be oxidized / has a stronger reducing power than Cl − )

• Concentration of ion 1
( 1 mark for stating the factor and 1 mark for explanation in terms of comparison of two
discharging processes. )

− In the electrolysis of very dilute / dilute CuCl 2(aq) using carbon / platinum as anode, OH −
ions will be discharged / O2 is liberated at the anode. 2002 - CE-CHEM p.2
 ions will be discharged / O2 is liberated at the anode. 1
−
− If concentrated CuCl2(aq) is used, Cl ions will be discharged / chlorine gas will be
liberated instead.

• Nature of electrode 1
( 1 mark for stating the factor and 1 mark for explanation in terms of comparison of two
discharging processes. )

− If carbon / platinum is used as the anode, Cl 2 / O2 ( conc. / dilute ) will be liberated at the 1
anode.
− If copper is used as the anode, the anode will dissolve / oxidize.
6 marks
Chemical Knowledge ( 6 marks ) + Effective Communication ( 3 marks )

5. ( Award 2 marks for characteristic related to structure / formula ; 2 marks for physical
property ; 2 marks for chemical property )

2 marks for characteristic related to structure / formula

− Members of a homologous series can be represented by the same general formula 1
− General formula of alkenes : CnH2n or (CH2)n 1
OR
− Successive members of a homologous series differ in their structure by one CH 2 unit (1)
− Molecular Formulae : ethene ( C2H4 ) , propene ( C 3H6 ) etc. (1)
OR
− Members of a homologous series have the same functional group (1)
− Functional group of alkenes : C=C (1)
OR
− Alkenes possess the C=C functionality. (1)
− Structures ( structural formula ) of alkenes : ethene ( CH2=CH2 ) ; propene ( CH 3CH=CH2 ) (1)

2 marks for physical property

− Their physical properties change gradually from one member to the next. 1
− The melting point / boiling point of alkene increases with increase in relative molecular mass 1
OR
− The volatility / flammability of alkenes decreases with increase in relative molecular mass.
(1)
2 marks for chemical property
− Members of a homologous series have similar ( BUT NOT SAME ) chemical properties.
− ONE example of the reaction of alkenes which is characteristic of unsaturated 1
hydrocarbons 1
2002 - CE-CHEM p.3
 ( accept a description of the reaction or a chemical equation. )
e.g.
CH2 CH2 + Cl2 CH2 CH2

Cl Cl
KMnO4 / H +

CH2 CH2 + H2O CH2 CH2 (1)

+ ( O ) OH OH

(1)

( Accept other reactions : e.g. addition polymerization )

6 marks
6(a)(i) Calcium hydroxide / Ca(OH)2 1

(ii) Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2 HCl (g) à MgCl2 (s) + 2 H2O (g/ l ) 1+1

( 1 mark for a balanced equation ; 1 mark for state symbols if the formulae are correct )

(iii) molten magnesium chlorides contains mobile ions / ( movable ions ) / ( freely moving ions ) 1
BUT NOT ACCEPT free ions )

(iv) duralumin 1

5 marks
6(b)(i) Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass number / 1
the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

(ii) relative atomic mass = 24 × 0.786 + 25 × 0.101 + 26 × 0.113 1

= 24.3 ( or 24.33 or 24.327 ) ( NO g unit !) 1

(iii) No, because isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties ( NOT similar ) 1

4 marks
6(c)
(i) concentrated sulphuric acid / conc. H 2SO4 / H2SO4 (l) 1

(ii) Diagram :
2
2002 - CE-CHEM p.4
 open

water out

water in

mixture of ethanol,
ethanoic acid and
conc. H2SO4

heat

( 1 mark for safe and appropriate set-up diagram , e.g. open but not close system )
( 1 mark for direction of water flow in the condenser )
( 0 mark for wrong set−up : e.g. closed system or distillation )

(iii) • Iodine has a simple molecular structure / Attraction between I 2 molecule is weak van der 1
Waals’ forces.

• Sodium iodide has an ionic structure / Attraction between Na + and I− ions is strong ionic 1
bonds.

• Strength of inter-particle attraction in ethyl ethanoate is comparable to that in iodine. 1

( Indication of an understanding of the idea of ‘like dissolve like’ in terms of the strength of
attraction between particles. )

(iv) Flammable / inflammable / C 1

7(a)(i) CaCO3 + 2 HNO3 à Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2 1
OR
CaCO3 + 2 H+ à Ca2+ + H2O + CO2 (1)

Evolution of CO2 stops ; 1

Test the pH of the solution using pH paper, the pH should be less than 7. (1)

(ii) Diagram :

2002 - CE-CHEM p.5

 filter funnel filter paper

( 1 mark for the diagram ; 1 mark for labeling the funnel and filter paper )

(iii) Ca2+ + SO42− à CaSO4 1

(iv) To remove any soluble impurities ( or appropriate example : Na 2SO4 ; NaNO3 ; HNO3 ) 1
(v) (1) no. of mole of CaSO4 = 10.52 / ( 40 + 32 + 16× 4 ) 1
= 0.0774 (1)

mass of CaCO3 in the sample of calcite = 0.077 × ( 40 + 12 + 16 × 3 ) 1*

= 7.74 g

% by mass of CaCO3 = ( 7.74 / 7.98 ) × 100

= 97.0 % 1
( Also accept answers from 96.5 to 97.0 )

(2) The sample does not contain ions which form insoluble sulphate, e.g. Ba 2+ , Sr2+, Pb2+ 1
2+
OR There is no loss of Ca ions during the experiment (1)
OR CaCO3 is the only calcium−containing compound present in the sample. (1)

10 marks
− − −
7(b)(i) Cl2 + 2 OH à OCl + Cl + H2O 1
OR
Cl2 + 2 NaOH à NaOCl + NaCl + H2O (1)

(ii) both oxidizing agent and reducing agent. 1

O.N. of Cl decreases from 0 to −1 ( Cl2 acts as an oxidizing agent ) 1
O.N. of Cl increases from 0 to +1 ( Cl 2 acts as a reducing agent ) 1

(iii) Sterilizing agent / making solvents ( CHCl=CCl2 ) / production of insecticides / 1

production of vinyl chloride ( CH2=CHCl ) / used as chemical weapons / making HCl(aq)

2002 - CE-CHEM p.6

7(c)(i) 3 Cl2 + 8 NH3 à 6 NH4Cl + N2 1+1
( 1 mark for the correct formulae ; 1 mark for balancing the equation )

(ii) ammonium chloride / NH4Cl 1

8 marks
8(a)(i) no. of moles of SO2 released = no. of mole of S
= ( 1000 × 0.015 ) / 32 1
= 15 / 32 ( or 0.46875 )

volume of SO2 released = (15 / 32 ) × 24 1*

3
= 11.25 dm 1
3
( Accept 11 to 11.3 dm )

1
(ii) acid rain / high incidence of respiratory illnesses / corrosion of buildings / lower crop yield
( NOT ACCEPT : affect … cause cancer )

(iii) installation of scrubbers / installation of desulphurization system / 1

use coal of lower sulphur content.

(iv) (1) high incidence of respiration illnesses / causing cancer / darkening of building walls / 1
reduce visibility / smog.

(2) installation of electrostatic precipitator. 1

7 marks
8(b)(i)

O C O
1

(ii) Carbon dioxide is denser than air 1

It can exclude air (oxygen ) from the fuel / can blanket the fire from air. 1

2002 - CE-CHEM p.7

 (iii) Silicon dioxide has a covalent network structure / giant covalent structure . 1
Attraction between CO2 molecules is van der Waals’ forces. 1
The attraction between CO2 molecules is weak while the attraction between atoms in SiO2 is 1
strong covalent bond.
( 1 mark for the structure of SiO 2 ; 1 mark for the attraction between CO 2 molecules ;
1 mark for comparing the strength of inter−particle attractions. )

(iv) (1) SiO2 + 2C à Si + 2 CO 1

or SiO2 + C à Si + CO2 (1)

(2) making computer chips / electronic parts / alloys / semi−conductors / silicone 1

( accept other uses of silicon : Integrated Circuit )

8 marks
(v) Any ONE of the following :
1+1

O O CH3 CH2 O
H C CH CH3 C CH3
H C CH2 CH3
O CH2 O
CH3 O

propyl methanoate methylethyl methanoate methyl propanoate

( iso-propyl methanoate )

( 1 mark for structure ; 1 mark for name )

9 marks
8 (c)(i) A reaction in which monomer molecules join together to form polymer molecules, with the 1
elimination of small molecules.

(ii)
O O

Cl C C Cl

O O

HO C C OH HOCH2CH2OH
1+1
O O

CH3 O C C O CH3

2002 - CE-CHEM p.8

 3 marks
+ + −
9 (a) (i) (1) NH4 + H2O à NH4 + OH 1

(2) Oils react with alkalis ( undergoes hydrolysis ) to give soaps ( soapy detergent ) / 1
water soluble substances.

(ii) The glass cleaner should be used in a well−ventilated environment because ammonia has a 1
pungent smell / is toxic. 1
OR
Wear gloves because alkaline solutions can attack skin / cause skin allergy / it is corrosive. (1) + (1)
OR
Wear safety spectacles / safety glasses / goggles because ammonia solution attack eyes / it is (1) + (1)
corrosive.
9(b)(i) (1) distilled water / deionized water 1

(2) distilled water / deionized water 1

(ii) pipette 1
(iii) NH3 + HCl à NH4+ + Cl−

No. of moles of HCl(aq) used = 0.23 × 28.7 × 10−3 1

−3
= 6.60 × 10 ( 0.00660 )

Concentration of NH3 in glass cleaner = 6.60 × 10−3 / ( 25×10−3 ) × ( 250 / 25 ) 1*

= 2.64 mol dm−3 1
−3
( Also accept 2.6, 2.64, 2.640 and 2.6404 mol dm )

6 marks
(9)(c) (1) violet / purple / blue 1
(i)
2 H+ + 2 e− à H2 1
−
∴ OH concentration increases around carbon rod A / 1
concentration of OH −(aq) is higher than that of H +(aq). (1)

(2) oxygen / O2 1

OH− is discharged at carbon rod B ( anode ) / +ve pole 1

− −
OR 4 OH à O2 + 2 H2O + 4e (1)

(ii) pencils / zinc−carbon cells. 1

2002 - CE-CHEM p.9
(iii) Any TWO of the following :

• save chemicals / reduce the cost of chemicals ( or laboratory equipment ) used 2

• reduce chance of chemical hazards
• reduce chemical wastes produced / environmental problems
• shorten the time required for conducting an experiment
• require less working space for carrying out an experiment
• easy to set−up / convenient to set up

8 marks

2002 - CE-CHEM p.10