Paint Inspection and Control

Inspection and Control
Paint School
JPS-E / Control / 1
What is QA - QC ?
QA = Quality Assurance (A documented management system) QC = Quality Control (Inspection and testing routines)
Paint School
JPS-E / Control / 2
The Tasks of the Paint Inspector

To ensure that the requirements of the coating specification are met. Verify the quality of work carried out by the contractor/yard. Prepare written records of the standard of work - Approval (Satisfactory ? / Conforming ?) - Non-conformance
Paint School
JPS-E / Control / 3
An Inspectors Work Includes:

Be capable of interpreting the specifications Understand the objective of the inspection Inspect all structures to be painted Ensure that all specified requirements are met Document the results from the inspections In case of non-conformance: Issue written reports
Paint School
JPS-E / Control / 4
An Inspector Needs to Know:

All paints that will be used All relevant inspection methods and
inspection tools Relevant standards Methods involved in cleaning, pre-treatment and paint application The equipment used for pre-treatment and application: Benefits and limitations
Paint School
JPS-E / Control / 5
What Needs to be Inspected ?

If relevant, the following stages of the production need to be inspected Shop-priming of the steel The steel work (Pre-blasting preparation) Cleaning and surface preparation prior to paint application Application of paint The applied paint film and its curing conditions.
Paint School
JPS-E / Control / 6
Inspection at Shop priming

Cleanliness (No salt, oil, grease or other contaminants) Rust grade. A or B acc. To ISO 8501-1 Shot or grit blasted steel, to Sa 2 acc. to ISO 8501-1 Correct DFT (Usually 10 - 25 microns) Satisfactory drying No damages caused by conveyor.
Paint School
JPS-E / Control / 7
Inspection of steel work (Pre-blasting preparation)

The following items need to be inspected during construction Rounding of sharp edges. Smoothing of rough welding seams. Removal / grinding of weld spatter and beads. Cracks and pittings. Surface faults like laminates etc.
Paint School
JPS-E / Control / 8
Inspection of Cleaning and Surface Preparation Prior to Application

If relevant, the following conditiones must be inspected / verified Cleanliness (salt, oil, grease and dust/dirt) Evaluation of present condition (rust grade) Surface preparation (e.g. blast cleaning) Cleanliness of prepared surface (salts, oil, grease, dust and dirt) Paint SchoolClimatic conditions (temperature, relative humidity etc)
JPS-E / Control / 9
Inspection During Application

The following must be verified, inspected or tested:
Ensure proper mixing of 2-pack paints Ensure use of the correct thinner Measuring the wet film thickness (WFT) Number of coats as given in the specification Cleanliness between coats (salts, dust, oil etc.) Drying time / recoating intervals Control of equipment: Pressure, nozzle etc. Paint School Climatic conditions (Ventilation, Air and JPS-E / Control / 10 steel temperature and the relative humidity)
Inspection After Application

After application the following must be checked Climatic conditions (Ventilation, Temperature and humidity) Curing / drying of the film Dry film thickness (DFT) Adhesion Holiday detection
Paint School
JPS-E / Control / 11
An Inspector Deals With Several Parties
Customer / owner The Yard Contractor / sub-contractor Paint supplier Suppliers of equipment Classification society
Paint School
Inspection Tools
Utstyr utlagt
Paint School
Wet Film Thickness Gauge

ISO 2808 Wet film thickness gauge To be used on flat, even surfaces 1. coat no problem 2. Coat: Be careful if
First Coat is not fully cured/dried or if First coat is soft or resoluble
Vtfilm mler
Paint School
Magnetic and Electromagnetic Dry Film Thickness Gauges

ISO 2808 Dry film thickness gauge Calibrate on smooth surface to zero and to thickness similar to be measured Check with your calibration foil frequently Plastic material foils wear easily. Replace frequently. No internal memory in gauge
Paint School
Trrfilm mlere Elektr. Magn.
Inspection Tools: Mirror and Flash light
Visual inspection Important tools to be able to inspect areas difficult to access For inspection in confined spaces: Use Ex approved equipment
Paint School
speil, lykt
Using Inspection Tools: Mirror and Flash light
Visual inspection Important tools to be able to inspect areas difficult to access

Jan, speil, lykt
Paint School
Magnifier
Visual inspection Handy tool when looking for defects, to verify cleanliness and roughness of the substrate
Paint School
Surface Roughness acc. to ISO 8503

Example of a reference comparator: Clemco Surface profile comparator comprising four segments. Clemco - grit Clemco shot also available Check if the profile is according to specification and the paint manufacturers recommendation
Paint School
Clemco Compartor
Contact Thermometer
Electronic instrument for measuring the steel temperature Steel temperature must be min. 3oC above the dew point Other types of thermometers are also available. E.g. magnetic thermometers
Paint School
Steel temperature
Measuring the Relative Humidity

ISO 8502 - 4 Photo: Sling hygrometer for measuring: - Dry temperature - Wet temperature Measure the temperature in the vicinity. Calculate the relative humidity Use together with dew point calculator
Paint School
Dew Point Calculator

ISO 8502 - 4 For calculation of dew point To be used together with surface temperature thermometer and sling hygrometer. Use this frequently during pre-treatment, application and drying of the paint. Recommendation: Every 6 hours and when weather conditions are changing
Paint School
Tools for Marking Areas With Defects

Photo: Chalk for marking areas during inspection To be used both after pretreatment and painting Areas with defects must be marked properly Other tools than chalk can be used NOTE: Chalk may be considered as contamination for some paint systems, and might have to be removed
Paint School
Cross Cut Adhesion Test

ISO 2409 Cross cut adhesion test Cut vertical and horizontal lines to form a grid Apply a strong tape Pull off the tape Evaluate according to the standard
Gitter tester m prveplate
Paint School
Low Voltage Pore Detector

ASTM G-62 -85, method A Photo: Low voltage pore detector Detecting pinholes, voids or metal particles in paint film up to 250 microns Non destructive test method Will only detect defects down to bare metal The sponge must be wetted Do not use excessive water
L.V. pore test
Paint School
High Voltage Pore Detector
ASTM G-62-85, method B Photo: High voltage pore detector Destructive test method for detecting pinholes, voids and thin spots in paint film Adjust voltage according to the film thickness or the paint manufacturers recommendation Gives a light or signal when pinhole or weak point is detected
Brunner H.V.P.D Bruker.
Paint School
BSRA Instrument With Probe
For measuring the surface roughness Used prior to and after application of the paint Particularly for under water areas Important to follow instructions for use given by supplier
Paint School
BSRA Probe
Close up photo of B.S.R.A. Probe The probe is mounted on wheels Move slowly and steadily along the surface Do not lift the probe from the surface during the measurement Make sure to keep the probe and the wheels clean
Nrbilde ruhetsmler
Paint School
Salt Test Equipment - Bresle Test
ISO 8502 - 6 (Sampling) ISO 8502 - 9 (Conductivity) Equipment for measuring content of water soluble salt on substrate Bresle method
Bresle sett
Paint School
Syringe - Bresle Test: Sampling

Bresle salt test Syringe for injecting distilled water Shows how to inject the distilled water through the frame and into the pad The water must be pumped in and out several times. Follow the standard
Paint School
Bresle spryte 8 - 41
Conductivity Meter - Bresle test
ISO 8502 - 9 (Conductivity) Instrument for measuring the conductivity Salt level is measured as the conductivity of the solution Instrument shows the conductivity which have to be recalculated to give the salt level on the substrate. Only water soluble salts !
Bresle instrument 8 - 44
Paint School
Different Types of Salt Have Different Affinity to Water / Humidity

Laboratory test. Different types of salt are applied on two test panels Several month of exposure Right: Clean water, no rust Middle: Iron Sulphate, little rust Left: Sodium Chloride. Heavy rust develops At similar levels: Chlorides more severe than Sulphates
Paint School
Sodium Chloride
Iron Sulphate
No salt
3 test plater 0590 - 50
Using PIG Universal on a Ships Hull
PIG = Paint Inspection Gauge Destructive test method Possible to verify the number of coats applied Possible to measure the thickness of each individual coat Insp. mler bunn
Paint School
Pull-off Testing Of Paint On A Structure
ISO 4624 Pull off adhesion test. Destructive test method Here, connecting of the device for pulling off the dollies Read and note the value Several types of instruments are available
Paint School
Insp. avstrekk 8 - 49
Pull-off Dollies Glued To The Structure
ISO 4624 Pull off adhesion test Dollies are glued to the structure with a strong glue Prior to pull-off: Cut around the dolly, through the paint film and down to the substrate material
Paint School
Dollys 8 - 46
Area After Pull-off Testing

ISO 4624 Pull off adhesion test The adhesive failure - fracture between coats - or between coating and substrate must be evaluated Note adhesion failure, % The cohesive failure - fracture within the coating- must be evaluated. Note cohesion failure, % Also: Note glue failure, %
Resultat 8 - 51
Paint School
Standards Relating Methods for Evaluation of Degradation of Coatings

Property
Blistering Rust grade Cracking Flaking Chalking
Paint School
Standard / Test method

ISO 4628 - 2, ASTM D 714 DIN 53209, BS 3900 H2 ISO 4628 - 3, ASTM D 610 DIN 53210, BS 3900 H3 ISO 4628 - 4, ASTM D 661 DIN ISO 4628, BS 3900 H4 ISO 4628 - 5, DIN ISO 4628 BS 3900 H5 ISO 4628 - 6
Standards for Testing of Corrosion Protective Properties

Property / Environment
Humidity chamber Condensation o ISO 6270 (Condensation, water at 40 C) DIN 50017 ASTM D 2247 (Condensation, water at 38 o C) ASTM D 1735 (Humidity chamber) ISO 7253, ASTM B 117, BS 3900 - F12, DIN 53167, DIN 50021 ASTM G 85 (Prohesion test) ISO 2810 BS 3900 F 6 ASTM G 53 o ASTM G 8 (1500 mV/Ag-AgCl at 20 C o ASTM G 42 (1500 mV/Ag-AgCl at 60 C BS 3900 F 11
Salt spray Natural weather exposure Weather-o-meter Cathodic disbonding Cathodic protection
Paint School
Standards for Evaluation of Coated Surfaces

Property
Paint film thickness Holiday detection Degradation of coatings

ISO 2808 (Wet and dry) SSPC - PA 2 ASTM G 62 (Low and high voltage) ISO 4628
Paint School
Standards Relating to Mechanical Properties

Property
Adhesion (Cross cut) Adhesion (Pull-off) Adhesion (Shear strength) Hardness Hardness Hardness Elasticiy Flexibility Impact resistance
Paint School

ISO 2409, DIN 53251, BS 3900-E6, ASTM 3359 ISO 4624, ASTM 4541, BS 3900 - E10 ASTM D 1002 (Specified for Chartek) ISO 2815 (Buchholz - methode) ISO 1522 (Knig - pendel) Barchol ISO 1520 (Cupping test) ISO 6860 ASTM D 522 BS 3900 - E11 (Conical mandrel) ISO/TR 6272 - 79E DIN 55669 ASTM D 2794 - 84 BS 3900 - E3
Standards Relating to Physical Properties

Property
Solids, % by weight Solids by % volume Drying time Flash point Milling grade Viscosity Paint film thickness Density Gloss Covering capacity Recoatability Curing of Zn-silicate
Paint School
Standard
ISO 1515 (105 C - 3 hours) ASTM D 2697 (1 hour - 110C - dip) ISO 1517 (Surface dry) ISO 1523 (Closed cup) ISO 3679 (Zeta flash) ISO 1524 ISO 2431 (Flow cup) ISO 2808 ISO 2811 (Psykrometer) ISO 2813 (60 C commonly used) ISO 2814 ASTM D 1640 ASTM D 4752 - 87
A General Standard for Corrosion Protection: ISO 12944

Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paints systems. Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7 Part 8
Paint School
General introduction. Classification of environments. Design considerations. Types of surface and surface preparation. Protective paint systems. Laboratory performance test methods. Execution and supervision of paint work. Development of specifications for new work and maintenance.
Relevant Standards for Assessing Surfaces Prior to Paint Application

Standard
ISO 8501 ISO 8502 ISO 8503 ISO 8504
Area
Visual assessments of surface cleanliness. Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness. Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates. Surface preparation methods.
Paint School
Surface Preparation
ISO 8501 - 1
Visual assessment of surface cleanliness Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel Rust grades and preparation grades of steel
after overall removal of previous coating
Photographic examples of steel when

blast cleaned with different abrasives
Paint School
Surface Preparation
Standard for Deciding Rust Grades
ISO 8501 Rust grade A, B, C and D
Paint School
Standard for deciding Preparation grades
ISO 8501 - 1
Sa: Blast cleaning (grades 1, 2, 2 and 3) St.: Hand and power tool cleaning (grades 2 and 3) Fl:
Paint School
Flame-cleaning (one grade)
Surface Preparation
ISO 8501 - 2
As for ISO 8501-1, but: For steel where previous coating has been removed locally, not completely.
Paint School
Standard for deciding Preparation grades
ISO 8501 - 2
PSa : Localised blast cleaning (grades 2, 2 and 3) : Localised hand and power tool cleaning (grades 2 and 3) Localised machine abrading (one grade)
PSt
PMa :
Paint School
Surface Preparation
ISO 8501 - 3
Visual assessment of surface cleanliness Preparation grades of welds, cut edges and surface imperfections. June 1998: Not yet approved
Paint School
Determination of Water Soluble Salts

The most frequently used methods are: Conductivity Titration Colour-reactions Other Methods: SCM 400 Salt Contamination Meter
Paint School
Tests for the assessment of Surface cleanliness: ISO 8502 (1 of 2)

Part 1 Field test for soluble iron corrosion products Part 2 Laboratory determination of chloride on cleaned surfaces. Part 3 Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for painting (pressure- sensitive tape method) Part 4 Guidance on the estimation of the probability of condensation prior to paint application. Part 5 Measurement of chloride on steel surfaces prepared for painting. Ion detector tube method.
Paint School
Tests for the assessment of Surface cleanliness: ISO 8502 (2 of 2)

Part 6 Sampling of soluble impurities on surfaces to be painted. Bresle method.
*
Part 9 Analysis of soluble impurities on surfaces to be painted Analysis methods for field use for ferrous salts. Part 10 Analysis of soluble impurities on surfaces to be painted. Analysis methods for field use for oil and grease.
* Part 7 and 8 are not prepared

Paint School
ISO 8502 Part 1

Merckoquant test for iron Quantitative test for detection of watersoluble iron-salts Indicator test strips impregnated with 2,2 bipyridyl Sensitive within the range of 5mg/l to 250 mg/l Destilled water Specified test area 25 x 10 cm Cotton Glass/plastic containers
Paint School
Soluble Iron Salts On Blast Cleaned Surfaces. ISO 8502 - 1 Part 1

Merckoquant test on steel substrate Steel substrate
Beaker with test solution

Paint School
Visual comparison with the standard
Water Soluble Salts on Blast-cleaned Steel. ISO 8502 - 1. Annex 3 Potassium Hexacyanoferrate (III) test paper The filter paper is impregnated with Potassium
Hexacyanoferrate (III) Water / humidity In case of the presence of Iron salts the colour will turn blue A qualitative , not a quantitative test
Paint School
Water Soluble Salts on Blast Cleaned Steel ISO 8502-1. Annex. 3
Filter paper impregnated with Potassium Hexacyanoferrate
Blast cleaned steel
Blue spots
Paint School
Laboratory Test Method for Determining Chlorides. ISO 8502-2
Laboratory test method for determination of Chlorides on a clean substrate
Paint School
Assessment of Dust on Steel Surfaces Prepared for Painting. ISO 8502-3

Tape Blast cleaned steel
Approved Not approved

Paint School
Assessment of Dust ISO 8502 - 3

Assessment for dust on steel surface prepared for painting
1.Quantity ratings 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 corresponding to pictorial ref. 2.Dust size classes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Paint School
Guidance on Estimating Probability of Condensation prior to Paint Application ISO 8502-4

Thermometres
Wet rag
Paint School
Humidity
ISO 8502 - 4
Guidance on the estimation of the probability of condensation prior to paint application
1. 2. 3. 4.
Air temperature % Relative humidity Steel temperature Dew point
Steel temperature min. 3 oC above the dew point

Paint School
Relative Humidity
R.H.: % water vapour in the air as percentage of the total amount water vapour the air can contain at the same temperature. Example Air at 20oC can contain 17.31 g. water/m3, but contain 15 g/m3. What is the R.H. ? R.H. =
Paint School
15 x 100 17.31
= 86.65 %
Chlorides on Steel Surfaces ISO 8502 - 5
Measurement of Chloride on steel surfaces prepared for painting (The ion detection method)
Paint School
The Bresle Method.
ISO 8502 - 6
A method for assessment of soluble salts on the steel substrate: The Bresle method This is a quantitative test
Paint School
Conductometric Measurement of Soluble Salts. ISO 8502 - 9
Field method for measuring conductivity ( S) of solutions containing water soluble salts
Paint School
Calculating the Salt Content on a Surface

(L2 - L1) x 6 = mg. salt pr. m2 L2 = S after washing L1 = S before washing Used washing water, in ml.: Converting factor:
Paint School
10 4
15 6
20 8
50 20
Units
1 mg 1 m2 1 mg/m2 1g/cm2 Na+ + ClMol Weights = = = = = = 1000 micro grams (g) 10 000 cm2 0,1 micro g/cm2 (g) 10 mg/m2 NaCl (Sodium Chloride) Cl- : 35,5 NaCl : 58,5
1 mg Cl- is corresponding to 58,5/35,5 mg NaCl = 1,6 mg NaCl
Paint School
Surface Roughness Characteristics of Blast-cleaned Steel Substrates: ISO 8503

Part 1 Part 2 Specifications and definitions for ISO surface profile comparatives for the assessment of abrasive blast-cleaned surfaces. Method for the grading of surface profile of abrasive blast- cleaned steel - Comparator procedure. Method for the calibration of ISO surface profile comparators and for the determination of surface profile- Focusing microscope procedure. Method for the calibration of ISO surface profile comparatives and for the determination of surface profile - Stylus instrument procedure
Part 3
Part 4
Paint School
ISO 8503 - 1 Nominal values and tolerances

a) Comparators for steel, blast-cleaned with grit abrasives Nominal reading m 25 60 100 150 Tolerance m 3 10 15 20 Segment 1 2 3 4
b)
Comparators for steel, blast-cleaned with shot abrasives Nominal reading m 25 40 70 100 Tolerance m 3 5 10 15
Segment 1 2 3 4
Paint School
ISO 8503 - 1 Limits of Profile Grades

a) Comparators for steel.Blast-cleaned with grit abrasives Profiles equal to segment 1 and up to but excluding segment 2 Profiles equal to segment 2 and up to but excluding segment 3 Profiles equal to segment 3 and up to but excluding segment 4 Fine (G) Medium (G) Coarse (G)
b)
Comparators for steel.Blast-cleaned with shot abrasives Profiles equal to segment 1 and up to but excluding segment 2 Profiles equal to segment 2 and up to but excluding segment 3 Profiles equal to segment 3 and up to but excluding segment 4
Fine (S) Medium (S) Coarse (S)
Paint School
Surface Roughness Profile

Stylus instruments Elcometer Mod. 123 Testex Press-O-film Microscope Comparators
Rugotest ISO 8503 etc.
Paint School
Surface preparation methods: ISO 8504.

Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 General principles. Abrasive blast-cleaning. Hand- and power-tool cleaning.
Paint School
ISO 8504 - 2 Abrasive blast-cleaning
Methods Effectiveness Fields of application
Paint School
ISO 8504 - 3 Hand- and Power-tool Cleaning
Methods Equipment to be used Procedure to be followed
Paint School
ISO 8504 - 1 General Principles
Selection of methods
Paint School
Paints and varnishes - Determination of film thickness: ISO 2808 - 97 (1 of 2)

Method 1: Method 2: Method 3: Method 4: Method 5: Determination of wet film thickness. Determination of dry-film thickness by calculation from mass Measurement of dry-film thickness by mechanically contacting method Measurement of dry-film thickness by the profilometer method Measurement of dry-film thickness using microscope method
Paint School
Paints and varnishes - Determination of film thickness: ISO 2808 - 97 (2 of 2)

Method 6: Method 7: Method 8: Method 9: Method 10: Magnetic method Eddy current method Non-contact methods Gravimetric method (dissolving methods) Determination of dry-film thickness on blast-cleaned steel substrates
Paint School
Wet Film Measuring Comb ISO 2808 - 97 Method No.1

Thickness given in microns
Microns
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Wet paint
Steel
Paint School
Paints and varnishes - Determination of film thickness: ISO 2808 - 97

Method No. 6: Magnetic method
Magnetic (Method 6B) or magnetic

instrument (Method 6A) for measuring total DFT Instruments for magnetic, metallic substrates Calibration must be done in accordance with instructions from the manufacturer Before testing the paint system must be properly cured.
Paint School
Paint and varnishes - Determination of film thickness: ISO 2808 - 97

Method No. 7 - Eddy current method High frequency electromagnetic instrument For non-magnetic substrates Calibration in accordance with the manufacturers instruction
Paint School
Paint and varnishes - Determination of film thickness: ISO 2808 - 97

Method No. 10 - On blast cleaned steel substrates Electromagnetic instruments Calibration on a smooth steel surface min. 1,2 mm thick For DFT not less than 25 microns and above 50 microns Number of readings, as a guide:
Reference area: at least 3 readings evenly 2 reference areas every square meter on flat plates 3 reference areas every length of a web 2 reference areas every metre length for a flange 2 reference areas every metre length for a pipe
Paint School
Measuring DFT on Small Areas According to SSPC - PA 2

Procedure
1. Area of 10 m2: 5 spot measurements 2. Each spot measurement: The average of 3 individual readings made on one small area 3. The average of 5 spot measurements must be within specified range of film thickness 4. Single spot measurements may be as low as 80% of specified minimum film thickness 5. Individual readings included in the spot measurements may be less than 80% of minimum thickness
Paint School
Number of Film Thickness Measurements acc. to SSPC - PA 2

Case
1. 2.
Area
10 m2 30 m2
Selection of Measurements
5 spots (on each spot: 3 measurements) As for case 1 for each 10 m2 Select 3 areas, each of 10 m2 The first 100 m2 as for case 3 For each following 100 m2 select randomly one area of 10 m2
3. Up to100 m2 4. Above 100 m2
Note: If measurements outside the specification for any 10 m2 in case 3 or 4 above are found then each 10 m2 shall be measured
Paint School
Curing Test of Zinc - ethylsilicate with MEK. (ASTM.D4752-87)

Glove MEK Rag
Rubbing 50 x
No Zinc on the Rag: Cured Approved

Paint School
A lot of Zinc on Rag: Not cured Further curing / Reblasting
Adhesion Testing by Knife and Adhesive Tape: ASTM D 3359-87

There are two test methods The method to select depends on the DFT
Methode A: DFT above 125 microns Methode B: DFT below 125 microns (Above 125 if wider cuts are used) Methode A: X - cut. Tape test Methode B: Cross - cut. Tape test
Paint School
Holiday Detection. Low Voltage. ASTM G 62 Method A

Low voltage: < 75 V DC To detect pinholes, voids or metal particles to
be in the range of 25-250 microns. Effective for paint films up to a DFT of 500 microns if a wetting agent is used in the water. This is a non-destructive test.
Paint School
Holiday Detection. High Voltage. ASTM G 62 Method B

High voltage: 900 - 20.000 V Used to detect pinholes, voids and areas with thin paint films This is a destructive test.
Paint School
Adhesion Testing ASTM 3359-87. Method B

< 50 microns = 1 mm apart (11 cuts) 50 - 125 microns = 2 mm apart (6 cuts) > 125 microns = Method A or 3 mm between cuts 1. Cuts: 20 mm long
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Paint School
Brush with a soft brush Examine Cuts: 20 mm long at 90o on the original cuts Brush with... Tape 75 mm Within 90 + 30 sec. remove tape
Cross-cut Test ISO 2409

Cutting tool Single bladed knife Multi-blade cutting tool with 6 cutting edges spaced 1 mm or 2 mm apart Spacing of cuts
0 - 60 microns 60- 120 microns 121 - 250 microns 1 mm spacing, hard substrates 2 mm spacing, soft substrates 3 mm spacing, hard/soft substrates
Paint School
Cross-cut Test ISO 2409

Procedure:
Make 6 parallel cuts with defined space in the coating. Repeat operation, crossing original cuts at 90o so that a grid pattern is formed. Brush with soft brush. Apply adhesive tape and pull off. Classify results in accordance with table 1.
Paint School
Classification of Cross Cut Test

Classi-fication 0 1 2 3 4 5 Description Appearance of surface Six parallel cuts
Completely smooth: none of the squares detached Small flakes at the Intersections. Area affected 5 % Flaked along the edges and/or at the Intersections. Area affected: 5-15% Flaked along the edges, wholly in large ribbons, and/or partly or wholly on different parts of the squares. Area affected: 15-35% Flaked along the edges in large ribbons and/or some squares have detached partly or wholly. Area affected: 35-65% Any degree of flaking that cannot even be classified by 4.
Paint School
ISO 4624 Pull-off test for adhesion

Procedure:
Test dollies glued onto the coating Adhesive: Cyano-acrylate or solvent free epoxy Remove adhesive and coating around the dollies Pull off test-dollies vertical to the surface Read adhesion value and report the type of fracture
Fractures:
Adhesion failure - fracture between coats or substrate and 1. coat Cohesion failure - fracture within a coat
Paint School
ISO 4624 Pull-off test for adhesion

Instruments: Elcometer Adhesion Tester Saeberg Adhesion Tester (pneumatic) Hate Adhesion Tester (hydraulic) PAT
Paint School
Paint Failures Commonly Occurring

Holidays, too low DFT Sags and runs Orange peel Dry spraying Over spray Pinholes, popping Fish-eye Wrinkling / lifting
Sweating Poor drying / curing Blisters Rust penetration Cracking Flaking Chalking Discolouration
Paint School
ISO 4628
Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings Designation of intensity, quality and size of common types of defect
Paint School
Content of the Standard ISO 4628

The standard consists of six parts Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6
Paint School
General principles and rating schemes Designation of degree of blistering Designation of degree of rusting Designation of degree of cracking Designation of degree of flaking Designation of degree of chalking
ISO 4628/1
Part 1: General principles and rating schemes
Uniform deterioration. Rating scheme for designation the intensity of deterioration consisting of a uniform change in the visual appearance of the paint coating. Rating
0 1 2 3 4 5
Paint School
Intensity of change
unchanged, i.e. no perceptible change very slight, i.e. just perceptible change slight i.e. clearly perceptible change moderate, i.e. very clearly perceptible change considerable, i.e. pronounced change severe, i.e. intense change
ISO 4628/1
Scattered defects. Rating scheme for designating the quantity of defects consisting of discontinuities or other local imperfections of the paint coating. Rating
0 1 2 3 4 5
Paint School
Quantity of defects (relative to a test surface area of 1 to 2 dm) none, i.e. no detectable defects very few, i.e. some just significant defects few, i.e. small but significant amount of defects Moderate, i.e. medium amount of defects considerable, i.e. serious amount of defects dense, i.e. dense pattern of defects
ISO 4628/1
Rating scheme for designating the size (order of magnitude) of defects Class
0 1 2 3 4 5
Size of defect
not visible under 10 X magnification only visible under magnification up to 10 X just visible with normal corrected vision clearly visible with normal corrected vision (up to 0,5 mm) range 0,5 to 5 mm larger than 5 mm
Paint School
ISO 4628/1 Test report

The test report shall contain at least the following information: a) the type and identification of the product tester; b) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 4628/1); c) the type of defect; d) the intensity of the defect (table 1) or, e) the quantity of the defect (table 2); f) the rating, if any, of the size of the defect in brackets preceded by the letter S. Examples: cratering of top coat : 2 (S3) whitening : 4 rivelling : 3 (S2)
Paint School
ISO 4628/2
Part 2: Designation of degree of blistering
Rating Rate the density and size of the blisters in a paint coating by means of the pictorial standards NOTE - The photographic reference standards have been adopted from ASTM D 714-56 The correlation between the ISO and the ASTM rating system is as shown in the table. Table - Correlation between ISO and ASTM rating systems
Density ASTM
None (less than few) Few Medium Medium - Dense Dense Paint School
Size ISO
0 1 2 3 4 5 (smaller than 8) 8 6 4 2 1 2 3 4 5
ASTM
ISO
ISO 4628/2
Part 2: Designation of degree of blistering Test report
The test report shall contain at least the following information: a) the type and identification of the product tested; b) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 462/2); c) the numerical rating of the density of blistering; d) the numerical rating of the size of blistering for example: blisters 2 (S2) Where a test piece exhibits blisters of varying size, quote as the size rating that of the largest blisters which are numerous enough to be typical of the test piece. e) the date of the examination
Paint School
ISO 4628/3
Part 3: Designation of degree of rusting
Rating Designate the degree of rust formation by reference to the pictorial standards
Degree
Ri 0 Ri 1 Ri 2 Ri 3 Ri 4 Ri 5
Paint School
Area rusted %
0 0,05 0,5 1 8 40/50
Assessment of Area Ratio for Corrosion Breakdown

0.1 % . . . . . 3.0 % . . . 10 % . . 1.0 %
20 %
30 %
Paint School
ISO 4628/3
Part 3: Designation of degree of rusting
Correlation between ISO and European rust scales
ISO rust scale Ri 0 Ri 1 Ri 2 Ri 3 Ri 4 Ri 5 European rust scale Re 0 Re 1 Re 2 Re 3 Re 5 Re 7
Approximate correlation between ISO and ASTM rust scales

ISO rust scale Ri 0 Ri 1 Ri 2 Ri 3 Ri 4 Ri 5 Paint School
European rust scale 10 9 7 6 4 1 to 2
ISO 4628/3
Part 3: Designation of degree of rusting Test report:
The test report shall contain at least the following information: a) the type and identification of the product tested; b) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 4628/3); c) the numerical rating of the rusted area; d) the numerical rating of the size of the rust spots, if desired, for example: Rust: Ri 3 (S4) = rusted area, as a percentage of rust, approximates standard 3, the sizes of the individual rust spots of the order of a few millimeters. e) the date of the examination
Paint School
ISO 4628/4
Part 4: Designation of degree of cracking
Rating Rate the quantity of cracking by reference to table 2 of ISO 4628/1 and using as examples figures 1 or 2, depending on the type of cracking
Rating scheme for the designation of the size of cracks Class 0 1 2 3 4 5 Size of cracks Not visible under 10 X magnification Only visible under magnification up to X 10 Just visible with normal corrected vision Clearly visible with normal corrected vision Large cracks generally up to 1 mm wide Very large cracks generally more than 1 mm wide
Three main types of failure by cracking are to be distinguished: a) surface cracks which do not fully penetrate the top coat b) cracks which penetrate the top coat, the underlying coat(s) being substantially unaffected; c) cracks which penetrate the whole coating system
Paint School
ISO 4628/4
Part 4: Designation of degree of cracking Test report:
a) the type and identification of the product tested; b) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 4628/4); c) the numerical rating of the quantity of cracking; d) the numerical rating of the size of cracking; e) the depth of cracking (a. b. or c), where possible, for example: cracking 2 (S3) b If necessary, the standard assessment may be amplified in words, for example linear cracking. The use of such comments shall, however, be avoided wherever possible: e) the date of the examination
Paint School
ISO 4628/5
Part 5: Designation of degree of flaking
Scale for the quantity of flaking Class
0 1 2 3 4 5
Flaked area
0 0,1 0,3 1 3 15
The main types of failure by flaking are to be distinguished: a) Top coats flaking from underlying coat; b) Whole coating system flaking from substrate
Scale the average size of areas Class

0 1 2 3 4 5
Size of flaking
not visible under X magnification up to 1 mm up to 3 mm up to 10 mm up to 30 mm larger than 30 mm
Paint School
ISO 4628/5
Part 5: Designation of degree of flaking
Test report
The test report shall contain at least the following information: a) the type and identification of the product tested; b) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 4628/5); c) the numerical rating of the quantity of flaking; d) the numerical rating of the size of flaking; e) the depth of cracking (a or b), for example; flaking 3 (S2) a
Paint School
ISO 4628/6
Part 6: Rating of degree of chalking by tape method Self-adhesive, transparent tape, of width 25 mm + 10 mm
Chalking is removed by adhering to the tape Black or white background Comparing the amount of chalk on the tape with pictorial reference standard in figure 1
Paint School
ISO 4628/6
Part 6: Rating of degree of chalking by tape method
Test report
a) all details necessary for the identification of the product tested; b) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 4628-6); c) the type of weathering (artificial or natural) of the coating; d) all details necessary for the identification of the adhesive tape used; e) all details necessary for the identification of the substrate used as background for the adhesive tape; f) the numerical rating of the degree of chalking; g) any deviation from the procedure specified; h) the date of the examination
Paint School

Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. The standard consists of 5 parts Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5
Paint School
Introduction Chilled iron grit High carbon cast steel shot and grit Low carbon cast steel shot Cut steel wire

Methods of test for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. The standard consists of 8 parts Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7 Part 8
Paint School
Sampling Determination of particle size distribution Determination of hardness Determination of apparent density Determination of defective particles and microstructure Determination of matter Determination of moisture Abrasive mechanical properties

Specification for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasive. The standard consists of 10 parts Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7 Part 8 Part 9 Part 10
Paint School
Introduction Silica sand Copper refinery slag Coal furnace slag Nickel refinery slag Iron furnace slag Fused aluminium oxide Olivine sand Staurolite Garnet

Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. The standard consists of 8 parts Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7 Part 8
Paint School
Sampling Determination of particle size distribution Determination of apparent density Determination of hardness by a glass slide test Determination of moisture content Determination of water soluble contamination by conductive measurement Determination of water soluble chlorides Abrasive mechanical properties
Contamination of Abrasives
The abrasives can be contaminated with
Water Oil and grease Chlorides Sulphates
Paint School
The Content of Humidity of the Abrasives Acc. to ISO 11127 - 5
Laboratory test Requirement: Maximum 0,2 %
Paint School
Content of Water soluble Contaminants acc. to ISO 11127 - 6

Conductivity measurements
A sample of 100 g. of the abrasives 100 ml of water Shake for 5 minutes and let rest for 1 hour Shake again for another 5 minutes Measure the conductivity at a temperature of 10 oC Requirement: Maximum conductivity of 25 mS/m
Paint School
How to Control the Abrasives

According to ASTM D 4940 Mix 300 ml of abrasive and 300 ml water Stir for 1 min. let stand for 8 min., stir again for 1 min.
Conductivity (AB-1) Fill the liquid for test and measure the conductivity. Max 25 mS/m
Paint School
Oil content (AB-1) No presence of oil, either on top or as an emulsion after 30 min.
Is the Abrasive Free From Oil and Grease ?
Put a handful of the abrasives into a beaker Pour clean, fresh water into the beaker Shake the mixture A film of oil will form on top of the water if oil or grease are present
This is of particular importance to check when abrasives are recycled
Paint School
Testing and Evaluation. Marine Atmosphere (1 of 2)

Test method
Physical testing Adhesion Adhesion Flexibility Elasticity Hardness Impact resistance Gloss Abrasion resistance Exposure conditions: Saltspray Prohesion test UV-cabinet Condensation chamber Humidity chamber Weathering Resistance to liquids
Standards
ISO 2409 ISO 4624 ISO 1510 ISO 1520 ISO 2815 ISO 6272 ISO 2813 ASTM D 4060 ISO 7253 or ASTM B 117 ASTM G 53 ISO 6270 BS 3900 ISO 2810 ISO 2812
Comments
Before and after exposure Before and after exposure Before and after exposure Before and after exposure
Oil, petroleum , etc.
Paint School
Testing and Evaluation. Marine Atmosphere (2 of 2)

Test method
Evaluation of paint films Blistering Rust Cracking Delamination Chalking Scribe Evaluation of the liquid paint Appearance in tin Viscosity Application properties ISO 2431 ISO 2884 Flow time
Standards
Comments
ISO 4628/2 ISO 4628/3 ISO 4628/4 ISO 4628/5 ISO 4628/6 ASTM D 1654
Paint School
Surface Roughness
Stylus instruments Elcometer Mod. 123 Testex Press-O-film Microskope Comparator

Rugotest No. 3 ISO 8503 etc.
Paint School
Using Solvents to Determine Generic Type of Paint

Rag soaked with solvent
Paint dissolves: Physically drying
No reaction: Chemically curing
Steel 2 coat paint

Lifting: Oxidatively curing
Paint School
Dayly Logs
Stl-temperatur Luft-temperatur Relativ fuktighet Duggpunkt Objekt malt Navn p relevant personell Hva ble diskutert Film-tykkelse (skal mles, ogs for flekking ved dokking)
NB-navn, nr, objekt Prod. nr. Malingens opprinnelsessted Eksakt spesifikasjon Areal - m2 Forbehandling, spesifisert og utfrt Andre kommentarer
Paint School
Atmospheric Conditions.
Requirement During Blasting and Painting
Surface temperature of the structure must be minimum 3 C above the dew point
Paint School
ISO 11126 Standardises the Non-metallic Abrasives

Part 1 General introduction and classification Part 2 Silica sand Part 3 Copper Refinery Slag Part 4 Coal Furnace Slag Part 5 Nickel Refinery Slag Part 6 Iron Furnace Slag Part 7 Silica sand
Paint School
Thank You !
Paint School

Paint Inspection and Control

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Paint Inspection and Control

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Inspection and Control

The Tasks of the Paint Inspector

An Inspectors Work Includes:

An Inspector Needs to Know:

What Needs to be Inspected ?

Inspection at Shop priming

Inspection of steel work (Pre-blasting preparation)

Inspection of Cleaning and Surface Preparation Prior to Application

Inspection During Application

Inspection After Application

An Inspector Deals With Several Parties

Wet Film Thickness Gauge

Magnetic and Electromagnetic Dry Film Thickness Gauges

Trrfilm mlere Elektr. Magn.

Inspection Tools: Mirror and Flash light

Using Inspection Tools: Mirror and Flash light

Visual inspection Important tools to be able to inspect areas difficult to access

Surface Roughness acc. to ISO 8503

Measuring the Relative Humidity

Dew Point Calculator

Tools for Marking Areas With Defects

Cross Cut Adhesion Test

Gitter tester m prveplate

Low Voltage Pore Detector

L.V. pore test

High Voltage Pore Detector

Brunner H.V.P.D Bruker.

BSRA Instrument With Probe

Salt Test Equipment - Bresle Test

Syringe - Bresle Test: Sampling

Conductivity Meter - Bresle test

Different Types of Salt Have Different Affinity to Water / Humidity

3 test plater 0590 - 50

Using PIG Universal on a Ships Hull

Pull-off Testing Of Paint On A Structure

Pull-off Dollies Glued To The Structure

Area After Pull-off Testing

Standards Relating Methods for Evaluation of Degradation of Coatings

Standard / Test method

Standards for Testing of Corrosion Protective Properties

Standard / Test method

Standards for Evaluation of Coated Surfaces

Standard / Test method

Standards Relating to Mechanical Properties

Standard / Test method

Standards Relating to Physical Properties

A General Standard for Corrosion Protection: ISO 12944

Relevant Standards for Assessing Surfaces Prior to Paint Application

Photographic examples of steel when

Standard for Deciding Rust Grades

ISO 8501 Rust grade A, B, C and D

Standard for deciding Preparation grades

Flame-cleaning (one grade)

Standard for deciding Preparation grades

Determination of Water Soluble Salts

Tests for the assessment of Surface cleanliness: ISO 8502 (1 of 2)

Tests for the assessment of Surface cleanliness: ISO 8502 (2 of 2)

* Part 7 and 8 are not prepared

ISO 8502 Part 1

Soluble Iron Salts On Blast Cleaned Surfaces. ISO 8502 - 1 Part 1

Beaker with test solution

Visual comparison with the standard

Water Soluble Salts on Blast Cleaned Steel ISO 8502-1. Annex. 3