Momentum

• Sports Analogy

• Physics
definition vs
sports definition
• Name the actress
for a Raffle
Ticket
 Momentum

• Momentum = mass x velocity or p = mv

• Units = kg – m/s Momentum is a vector.

 Momentum
• p = mv
• Human Head = 4.0 Kg

• Name the movie for a raffle ticket

 Momentum

• HITT- What is the momentum of a

human head traveling East at 6.0 m/s?
• A) 6.0 kg-m/s East B) 12 kg-m/s West
C) 24 kg-m/s East D) 24 kg-m/s West
 Momentum
• How can you get an object to change
its momentum?
• Change its mass or
change its velocity.

• Remember – a change of velocity can

occur by changing the speed (meters
per second) AND/OR changing the
direction
 Momentum
• HITT Q - And how can you get an object to
change its velocity?

A)Apply a Force in the direction of the motion

B) Apply a Force in the opposite direction of
the motion
C) Apply a Force perpendicular to the motion
D) all the choices are correct

This is Newton’s Second Law of Motion

said in a different form
 Momentum

• F=m a
• F = m (∆v/∆t)
• F ∆t = m ∆v
• Impulse = F ∆t units are Newton-Sec
• Change in Momentum = m ∆v
units are kg-m/s
 Momentum

• m ∆v = F ∆t
• Change in Momentum = Impulse

• The impulse is always equal to the

change in momentum as long as there
are no external forces = closed system.
 Momentum
• HITT- A Force of 12 N West acts on a 4.0
kg ball for 3.0 s. The ball is at rest.
• What is the magnitude of the impulse?
A) 12 N-s B) 36 N-s C) 48 N-s
• What is the change in momentum?
A) 12 N-s B) 36 N-s C) 48 N-s
• What is the change in velocity?
A) 4 m/s East B) 4 m/s West
C) 9 m/s East D) 9 m/s West
 Momentum

• HITT – A 2.0 kg
Soccer ball has an
initial velocity of 5.0
m/s down and
rebounds up at 5.0
m/s up.
• HITT- a) In what
direction is the Momentum
impulse?
• A) Up B) Down
b) In what direction is
the change in
momentum?
• A) Up B) Down
c) What is the change
in the velocity?
A) 0 m/s B) 5 m/s
C) 10 m/s
 Momentum

• An egg (0.1 kg)

is flying through
the air at 20. M/s.

• How are we
going to stop it?
 Momentum

• An impulse! A
large force in a
short time is the
same impulse as a
small force for a
long time. How
shall we catch it?
• Demo
 Momentum

• Examples with
cars– air bags,
seat belts, sand
bags, trees,
telephone
poles….
 Momentum
• http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys01/acc
Take a look at this
web site to watch
an old car
crash!!!!
 Momentum
• http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys01/acc
htm
Notice the
difference with
crumple zones!!
 Momentum

• The Battering Ram

– useful for
entering castles.
Your choice – the
battering ram is to
be made of clay or
a superball?
 Momentum
• Try this web site to
prove that momentum
is always conserved as
long as there are no
external forces.
• http://www.mhhe
.com/physsci/physical/
jones
/elastic_collisions/
ΣF = 0
• HITT- What is ∆v if
the battering ram Momentum
slows down from 12
m/s east to 10 m/s
east as it smashes
through the castle
door?
• A) 2 m/s East
B) 2 m/s West
C) 22 m/s East
D) 22 m/s West
• HITT- What is ∆v if
the battering ram
rebounds off the castle Momentum
door from 12 m/s east
to 10 m/s West?
Notice that this is a
rebound and therefore
a greater ∆v
• A) 2 m/s East
B) 2 m/s West C)
22 m/s East D)
22 m/s West
 Newton’s 3rd Law

• For every action there is an equal an opposite

reaction.
• Forces come in pairs!
• I push you – You push me.
Q - I walk forward by having the floor push
with 200 N against my foot. What is the
reaction to this action?
Newton’s 3rd Law

• Q – I weigh 700
N because the
Earth attracts me.
What is the
reaction for this
action?
Newton’s 3rd Law

• Notice the pairs.

• Notice that the action
always acts on one
body while the
reaction always acts
on the other body.
• -Describe each
action-reaction pair.
 Newton’s 3rd Law
• http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/VideoTestbed/Proje
• DEB-
• Find the action – • Action = __________
reaction pair.
• Reaction = _________
 Momentum

• Demos
• 1 - rocket on wire
• 2 – jumping
• 3 – fan and lab cart
• 4 – projectile launcher
 Conservation of Momentum

• Momentum is always conserved unless

there is an external force.
• If there is an external force, that means
there is an impulse and that means there
is a change in momentum.
 Conservation of Momentum

• m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1` + m2v2`

if the event is elastic

• m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2 ) v`

if the event is inelastic
 Conservation of Momentum

• Special case for inelastic if the

target (m2 ) is at rest.
• m1v1 = (m1 + m2 ) v`
 Momentum

• Demos–
• 1 – skateboards in the hall
Center of mass
• 2 – Air track
• 3 – Newton’s Cradle
• 4 – Egg and basketball
• 5 – Ballistic Pendulum
• 6 – Spin in chair – angular momentum
 The Discrepant Event

• 3 vs 1 Collision