You are on page 1of 13

Phn tich tinh cht hoa ly cua nc mm

I. Gii thiu v nc mm:


- Nc mm l mt sn phm do tht c ngm dm trong nc mui mn, phn gii dn t cht protein phc tp n protein n gin v dng li giai an to thnh amino acid nh tc dng ca enzym c sn trong tht c v rut c lm cho nc mm c mi v c trng. - y l sn phm ca nhiu qu trnh phc tp gm m ha, qu trnh phn gii ng trong c thnh acid, qu trnh phn hy mt phn amino acid di tc dng ca vi khun c hi, tip tc b phn hy thnh nhng hp cht n gin nh amin, amoniac, cacbonic hydrosunfua - Nc mm c sn xut t c v mui khng ch uc s dng rng ri Vit Nam m cn c a chung ti nhiu nc khc trn th gii. c bit, nc mm c sn xut hu ht cc nc Chu . Mi nc c kiu sn xut khc nhau to ra sn phm c gi tr dinh dng v gi tr cm qun khc nhau. Bng: Tn cc loi nc mm v t l phi trn to sn phm Nc mm iu kin Thi gian ln men Nht bn T l 5 : 1 = C : Mui + go ln 6 thng Shottsuru men v koji (3 : 1) Uwo shoyu Hn quc Jeot - kal Vit nam Nc mm Thi Lan Nam - pla Malaysia Budu Philippine Patis T l 4 : 1 = C : Mui T l 3: 1 - 3 : 2 = C : Mui T l 5 : 1 = C : Mui T l 5 : 1 - 3 :1 = C : Mui + ng + me T l 3 : 1 - 4 : 1 = C : Mui 6 thng 4 - 12 thng 5 - 12 thng 3 - 12 thng 3 - 12 thng

Trang 1

Phn tich tinh cht hoa ly cua nc mm Bruma Ngapi 5 : 1 = C : Mui 3 - 6 tun

II. Phn loi:


c bit: m > 300N Nc mm c bit hay cn gi l nc mm nh v c ko chy nh git n tht nh, nh tng git. c mu cnh gin, c mi thm nng, v ngt di m, m cao 30 g/lit, cng lu cng ngon. Thng hng: m > 250N Nc mm thng hn hay cn gi l nc mm ct c mu vng rm n cnh gin, hng thm, v ngt du m, m cao 25 g/lit, cng lu cng thm ngon v c mu en li, lm gia v cho thc n. Hng 1: m >150N Do nc chan ko qua chp rt 90% ct, hm lng m 15 g/lit, dng lm nc chm. Hng 2: m > 100N Do nc chan ko qua b chp rt ht 90% loi 1, hm lng m 10 g/lit, dng nu nm thc n. Hng 3: m <100N Do nc mm chan ko qua b chp rt 90% loi 2, hm lng m thp, dng lm nc mm chan chp cho ma nc mm sau.

III. cc ch tiu cht lng ca nc mm:


III.1 ch tiu cm quan: Tn ch tiu Yu cu c bit hng 1 Hng 2 Hng 3 1.mu sc Mu t vng rm n mu cnh dn 2. trong Trong sut, khng vn c trong 3.mi Thm c Thm du Thm km hn loi 1, khng trng ca nc mm c c v kht,tanh nc mm c khng tanh khng tanh 4.v Ngt m Ngt Ngt, mn Trang 2

Phn tich tinh cht hoa ly cua nc mm 5.tp cht nhn thy bng mt thng III.2 ch tiu vi sinh Th t 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tn ch tiu Tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh,tnh theo s khun lc trong 1ml Coliforms, tnh theo s khun lc trong 1ml Clostridium perfringens, tnh theo s khun lc trong 1ml Escherichia coli, tnh theo s khun lc trong 1ml Staphyloccocus aureus, tnh theo s khun lc trong 1ml Tng s nm men v nm mc, tnh theo s khun lc trong 1ml III.3 ch tiu ha hc v ha l Tn ch tiu (tnh theo g/l) Hm lng nito ton phn Hm lng nito amin Hm lng nito ammoniac b hn axit chuyn thnh axit axetic Hm lng mui Loi c bit 20 8.5 5.0 6.0 250-265 Hng 1 Hng 2 Hng 3 Mc ti a cho php 104 10 0 0 0 10 Khng c c

15 6.5 4.0 4.0 260-280

11 4.0 3.0 3.0 265-285

19 3.0 2.7 2.5 270-285

IV. Gi tr dinh dng ca nc mm:


Trang 3

Phn tich tinh cht hoa ly cua nc mm IV.1 Cc cht m: - Chim ch yu v quyt nh gi tr dinh dng ca nc mm. gm 3 loi m: m tng s: l tng lng nit c trong nc mm (g/l), quyt nh phn hng ca nc mm m amin: l tng lng m nm di dng acid amin (g/l), quyt nh gi tr dinh dng ca nc mm. m amon: cng nnhiu nc mm cng km cht lng. Ngoi ra trong nc mm cn cha y cc acid amin, c bit l cc acid amin khng thay th: valin, leucin, methionin, isoleucin, pheylalanin, alanin cc phn trung gian ny lm cho nc mm d b h hng do hot ng ca vi sinh vt. thnh phn dinh dng ca nc mm ph thuc vo nguyn liu mang i ch bin. IV.2 Cc cht bay hi: - Rt phc tp v quyt nh hng v ca nc mm. Hm lng cc cht bay hitrong nc mm mg/100g nc mm IV.3 Cc cht cacbonyl bay hi: 407-512 (formaldehyde) Cc acid bay hi: 404-533 (propionic) Cc acid amin bay hi: 9,5-11,3 (izopropylamin) Cc cht trung tnh bay hi: 5,1-13,2 (acetaldehyde) - Mi trong nc mm c hnh thnh ch yu do hot ng ca vi sinh vt ym kh trong qu trnh sn xut nc mm to ra. IV.4 Cc cht khc: - Trong 1 lt nc mm 15-20 m(gN/lit) cn c: Cc cht v c: Nacl chim 250-280 g/l v mt s cc cht khong nh: S, Ca, Mg, P, I, Br. Vitamin: B1, B12, B2, PP.

V. Phn tch cc ch tiu ha l


V.1 Nit tng hp V.1.1 Mc ch: - xc nh hm lng nit tng trong dch ng bng phng php kjeldahl. Phng php c p dng cho mi loi nc chm.

Trang 4

Phn tich tinh cht hoa ly cua nc mm

V.1.2 Nguyn tc :
-

Trc tin mu c v c ha bng H2SO4 m c nhit cao v c cht xc tc. Cc phn ng ca qu trnh v c ha xy ra nh sau: 2H2SO4 2H2O + 2SO2 +O2 Oxy to thnh li oxy ha cc nguyn t khc: carbon to thnh CO2, hydro to thnh H2O, cn nit gii phng ra di dng NH3 kt hp vi H2SO4 d to thnh (NH4)2SO4 tan trong dung dch. NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4

ui NH3 ra khi dung dch bng NaOH (NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH = Na2SO4 + H2O+ 2NH3 NH3 bay ra cng vi nc sang bnh hng, trong bnh hng cha H3BO3: 2NH4OH + 4H3BO3 = (NH4)2B4O7 + 7H2O

nh lng H3BO3 d bng H2SO4 0,1N (NH4)2B4O4 + H2SO4 + 5H2O (NH4)2SO4 + 4H3BO3 Hoc H2SO4: 2NH4OH + H2SO4 = (NH4)2SO4 + 2H2O nh lng H2SO4 d bng NaOH c cng nng ng lng gam.

V.1.3 Dng c : - T ht. - B ct m Kjeldahl - Pipep 1,2,5,10 ml. Trang 5

Phn tich tinh cht hoa ly cua nc mm - Buret 25 hoc 50 ml. - Bnh nh mc 50 hoc 100ml - My nghin trc phng th nghim. - Cn k thut, chnh xc 0,001g. V.1.4 Ha cht :
-

H2SO4 m c d=1,84 Dung dch H2SO4 0,1N chun.

- Dung dch NaOH 0,1N chun.


-

Dung dch NaOH 40% Kjeldahl

b ct m

Hn hp xc tc: dung dch HClO3 hoc H2O2 30% hoc K2SO4, CuSO4 (100:10:1), c th dng selen kim loi (0,05 g) hoc hn hp K2SO4 v CuSO4 t l 3:1. Dung dch H3BO3 3%

- Thuc th hn hp metyl o,1% pha trong cn v metyl xanh 0,1% pha trong cn, t l 2:1.
-

Ch th tariso: ha 0,05g metyl xanh vo 5ml nc ct, cho 100ml cn vo v ha thm 0,1g metyl . Ha tan cho vo l ti mu. Hn hp thuc th ny c gii hn bin i mu PH 5,2-5,6. Mi trng axit c mu tm, mi trng kim c mu xanh lc.

- Thuc th Nessler pht hin s c mt ca nit trong dung dch. Cch pha ch nh sau: CCH 1: 15g HgI2 10g KI ha vo 15ml nc ct, thm 80ml dung dch NaOH 50%, inh mc n 500ml bng nc ct. CCH 2: 35g KI ha tan trong 100ml nc ct nng, 17g HgCl2 ha tan trong 300ml nc ct, NaOH hoc KOH 20%. Cho dung dch HgCl2 vo dung dch KI n khi to thnh kt ta HgI2 khng tan na th dng li. Sau dng dung dch kim 20% nh mc n 1lt. Tip thm 5ml dung Trang 6

Phn tich tinh cht hoa ly cua nc mm dch HgCl2 n khi xut hin kt ta HgCl2. lng kt ta n khi dung dch trong hon ton. Bo qun trong l ti mu. V.1.5 Tin hnh: - Dng pipet ly 5 ml nc chm cho vo bnh Kjeldahl. Tin hnh v c ha ging phn 1.3
-

Sau khi v c ha, chuyn mu vo bnh nh mc 100 ml, trng nhiu ln bng nc ct v nh mc n ngn ca bnh, lc u. Tin hnh chng ct (s dng H2SO4 thu nhn NH3). Nh sau:

S dng H3BO3 thu nhn NH3: - Ra bnh chng ct Kjeldahl bng nc ct khng c nit. Ly 10 20ml dung dch v c vo bnh chng ct, cho thm vi git thuc th hn hp nu dng cht xc tc bng HClO3 hoc H2O2.
-

Cho vo bnh hng (bnh tam gic) 20ml H3BO3 3% thm vi git ch th Tariso. Rt t t 70 ml NaOH 40% vo bnh chng ct, gi yn phn thnh 2 lp r rt. Khng lm xo trn cc cc lp, lp vo cc b ct m. u ra ca ng sinh hn ngp di dung dch axit boric. Nn bt bp trc khi lp bnh gim thiu nguy c cht lng chy ngc vo ng ngng. Lc mnh bnh m bo trn nhanh v cp nhit u, ngay sau khi trn, tm thi tho bnh cha axit boric, nc chy ra ht khi ng ra ca ng sinh hn v to cn bng p sut trong bnh ct, sau lp vo li. un bnh phn ng, NH3 bay ra cng ln cng vi nc qua ng ngng sang bnh hng v tc dng vi axit boric to thnh mui amoni tetrbonat [(NH4)2B4O4]. Tin hnh chng ct trong 30 40 pht. Kim tra NH3 ht cha bng cch hng dch ct v th bng giy o PH. Khi NH3 c ct hon ton, h thp bnh hng, dng bnh tia tia nc ct trng sch axit dnh u ng. nh lng amoni tetrborat to thnh bng dung dch H2SO4 0,1N n khi xut hin mu hng nht.

S dng H2SO4 thu nhn NH3:

Trang 7

Phn tich tinh cht hoa ly cua nc mm


-

Qu trnh nhlng tin hnh nh trn, nhng bnh hng cho mt lng H2SO4 0,1N (ngp u ra ca ng sinh hn) v vi git thuc th hn hp metyl. Theo di bnh hng, nu thy dung dch bin i t mu vng sang mu l m th cho thm 5ml H2SO4 0,1N na, cn lm nhanh trnh mt nit. un si khong 30 pht, quan st ct nc u ng sinh hn khng chuyn t mu hng sang xanh l c.mun chc chn, ly dch cy u ra ca ng sinh hn th vi thuc th Nessler, ri chun axit d bng dung dch NaOH o,1N.

Ch : - Qu trnh v c ha gii phng ra SO2 nn phi tin hnh trong t ht.


-

Thi gian t mu thng l 3 -4 gi ph thuc lng mu, ngun nhit v cht xc tc. Nu dng CuSO4 vi lng ln (1-2g) th thi gian v c ha khong 2-3,5 gi. Khi dng H2O2 (4-5 ml) mt 40 50 pht. Nu dng selen (0,1 g/1 g mu), thi gian 30 40 pht. Dng hn hp xc tc K2SO4 v CuSO4 v selen (100:10:1) vi t l 4g/1g mu, khong 50 60 pht.

V.1.6 Kt qu : - Hm lng nit tng s (Nt, g/l) tnh theo cng thc: Nt = 2,8(V1 V2), g/l

Trong : n1 : s ml dng dch H2SO4 0,1 N cho vo bnh cha n2 : s ml dung dch NaOH 0,1 N dng chun axit d 0,0014 : s gam nit tng ng vi 1ml NaOH 0,1N 100 : dung tch bnh nh mc , ml 1000 : h s i ra g/l 5 : s ml mu ly v c ha Trang 8

Phn tich tinh cht hoa ly cua nc mm 10 : s ml mu pha long cho vo my ct. - Chnh lch kt qu gia 2 ln xc nh song song khng c qu 0,25 g/l. V.2 Nit amoniac : V.2.1 Nguyn tc : - Gii phng NH3 ra khi dung dch bng NaOH. Dng dung dch axit sunfuric d hp th amoniac, xc nh lng axit d bng dung dch kim. V.2.2 Ha cht : - Axit sulfuric 0,1N - NaOH 25% - Ch th hn hp V.2.3 Dng c : - B ct m Kjeldahl. V.2.4 Tin hnh : - Ly chnh xc 20 ml axit sulfuric 0,1 N v 0,5 ml hn lp ch th vo cc 500 ml. t cc sao cho u ng sinh hn ca my ngp hn vo dung dch trong cc. - Ly chnh xc 5 ml nc chm cho vo my ct, cho tip 2 ml dung dch NaOH 25%, sau thm nc ct vo cho 50 ml dung dch. Tip tc tin hnh chng ct ging phn 1.3, s dng H2SO4 thu nhn NH3 .

Trang 9

Phn tich tinh cht hoa ly cua nc mm V.2.5 Kt qu: - Hm lng nit amoniac (Nm, g/l) tnh theo cng thc:

Nm

,g/l

Trong : n1 : s ml H2SO4 0,1N cho vo bnh cha n2 : s ml NaOH cho vo bnh chun 0,0014 : s g nit tng ng vi 1 ml H2SO4 0,1N 1000 s i ra lt V.3 Nit amin (xc nh bng phng php chun formol) V.3.1 Nguyn tc: - Cc axit amin trong dung dch nc th trung tnh, khi gp formol, cc axit amin b mt tnh kim, tnh axit ca nhm COOH tri ln. Do c th nh lng nhm COOH bng mt dung dch kim chun. V.3.2 Dng c : - Bnh nh mc 250 ml. - Pipet. V.3.3 Ha cht : - NaOH dung dch 0,1N v 0,05 N - Ch th hn hp : 5 th tch bromothymol xanh 0,04% v 4 th tch phenolphtalein 0,5% (trong cn). - Formol trung tnh 40% : 1 ml phenolphtalein vo 50ml formol ri dng NaOH trung ha n mu hng nht. V.3.4 Tin hnh : Trang 10

Phn tich tinh cht hoa ly cua nc mm - Ly 10 ml nc chm cho vo bnh nh mc 250 ml, thm nc ct ti ngn bnh ,lc u. Gi dung dch ny xc nh hm lng mui. Dng pipet ly 10ml, 15 git ch th hn hp sau cho vo tng git NaOH 0,1N n khi dung dch c mu pht xanh; cho tip 5 ml formol trung tnh (un chuyn sang mu vng xanh ), chun bng NaOH 0,05N n khi dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu tm. - Tin hnh xc nh mu trng, thay 10 ml nc chm pha long bng 10ml H2O

V.3.5 Kt qu : Hm lng nit amoni (N amoni, g/l) tnh theo cng thc : Namoni , g/l

Trong : n1,n2 : th tch NaOH tiu tn khi chun mu trng v mu th nghim, ml 0,0007 : s gam nit tng ng vi 1 ml NaOH 0,05N 250 :dung tch bnh nh mc ,ml 1000 : h s i ra g/l 10 : th tch mu nguyn , ml th tch mu pha long cho vo my ct. - Chnh lch kt qu gia hai ln xc nh song song khng c qu 0,25 g/l. V.4 Mui NaCl V.4.1 Ha cht : - Nitrat bc 0,1N - Chromat kali 10% V.4.2 Tin hnh :

Trang 11

Phn tich tinh cht hoa ly cua nc mm - Ly 5 ml dung dch cho vo bnh tam gic 250 ml, cho tip nc ct cho 100 ml. Thm 1 ml dung dch chromat kali. Chun bng dung dch nitrat bc 0,1N cho n khi ton b dung dch c mu nu bn vng. V.4.3 Kt qu :

Hm lng mui natri clorua (NaCl, g/l) tnh theo cng thc : NaCl =29,25 g/l

Trong : n : th tch AgNO3 0,1N tiu tn khi chun mu th nghim , ml 0,00585 : s gam natri Clorua tng ng vi 1 ml AgNO3 0,1N 250 : dung tch bnh nh mc , ml 1000 : h s i ra lt 10 : th tch mu nguyn , ml 5: th tch mu pha long mang i chun , ml

V.5 axit . V.5.1 Nguyn tc: - Dng dung dch NaOH 0,1 N trung ha lng axit c trong mu vi cht ch th Phenolphtalein 1% . V.5.2 Ha cht : - NaOH 0,1N - Phenolphtalein 1% trong cn. V.5.3 Tin hnh :

Trang 12

Phn tich tinh cht hoa ly cua nc mm - Ly 20 ml dung dch cho vo bnh tam gic 100ml, cho tip nc ct cho 50ml , thm 5 git phenolphtalein. Chun bng NaOH 0,1N n khi dung dch chuyn sang mu pht hng (nn dng mu i chng) V.5.4 Kt qu : - Hm lng axit (Ax) tnh theo s ml NaOH 0,1N dng trung ha 1 ml mu, tnh theo cng thc : AX , g/l

Trong : n : th tch NaOH 0,1 N tiu tn khi chun mu thi nghim , ml 250 : dung dch bnh nh mc , ml 10 : th tch mu nguyn , ml 20 : th tch mu pha long mang i chun , ml

TI LIU THAM KHO


google.com.vn tailieu.vn timtoi.net naungon.com

Trang 13

You might also like