V-n diagram (simplified)

Weight

Wing Area

Cruising altitude

Maximum speed

vMAX

Lift gradient (dCL/d)

Efficiency coefficient

=0.6-0.9

Gust speed

Vg=10m/s

Case "A" (flight at high attack angles)

CLA=CLMAX=1.2035

qA =

A=MAX=170

nA=nMAX=4.5

nA G
CLA S

Case "C" (diving)

C=n=-0.70

CLC=0

nC=0

qC = qMAX =0,5vmax2
Case "B" (recovering from the dive)
qB=0,8qC

CLB =

(according to regulations)

nB=4.5

nB G
qB S

Case "E"
CLE=CLMIN

qE =

A=MIN

nE=-nMAX/2=-2.25

nE G
C LE S

Case "D"
qD=0,8qC

C LD =

nD G
qD S

(according to regulations)

nD=-2.25

Case "G" (flight gust)

qG=0,5vG2

VG = Vh + Vg
2

nG = 1
C LG 0 =

v g dC L
S

qG 57.3
vh d
G

G
qG S

C LG = C LG 0

v g dC L

calculate C LG + and C LG
v h d

Now:

Cn = CL cos + C D sin
P' =

Cn q S

1 l
2 S1 + S 2 (1 c
2 lsgt

- Angle of attack
Case

G+

G-

2,5

2,5

2,12

-0,12

2512,78

7184,772

8980,965

3637,87

3637,87

19,996

3,2

-2,6

2,12

0,896

CL

1,424

0,498

0,403

0,384

CD

0,184

0,035058

0,029258

0,03159

0,0305

sin

0,342

0,0558

-0,0454

0,037

0,0156

cos

0,9397

0,99844

0,99897

0,99934

0,9999

Cn

1,401

0,49918

-0,001328

0,4039

0,3844

p*

3878,767

3887,8

1589,211

1514,285

Worst case