Professional Documents
Culture Documents
on
,odionStg'clgy$dilffi
3.3.6.2 Desiondrawingssha|ldesignatethedesign.standardsused,aswe|lasmateria|orproductstandards depicted'
assurances
that the
-,-- ^, .k^^
iT!'i,:.i:ffr$i
ide the strength rmbers shall be ot act uPon bly exPected to liry limit states'
shall be specified on the magnitude of such camber for beams, girders, or trusses, lf camber is required the design drawings'
and
:ion
al elements
ical and
not alreadY
4. General Design Limit States I 4.1 Ultimate and Serviceability accort .' - -Lrr r-,a rretermined in accordance with recognized 4.1.L Method of Analysis ou determined
behaviour' 'n"'it* g"""fi; bti"d on assumptions of elastic r 4.r,2 ultimate Limit shall include l*31-::.,^
The
:abilitY of
ind.connectiron:,1T"
- -hih, with the load combinations ultimate limit states O.Ot" loads individually and the effect of the factored r^r l.rehlishind the value of "t load effect does not in ltem (a)' :he-la:i3red ,([i "3'-1:3."ans that for each load effect in u.iorounce with the appropriate clauses i""lii.tslv_t:t-,',::1'rr.tored resistanc., u, o.,lr',i.r-""4 TdLtercu exceed the corresponolng Standard' of this
,
##ffil cl;l*
{.1.3 Serviceability
on of members and
ral exPosures
Limit Statel
1q3d5
limit states shall includ-e -:e:-a6 o.Ut"t t* t"*iceability of the spectttt fi'lri.[iitr'i"g the vilue of the effect
i"ip5.,i."
d use.
to 65"C;
load combinations individually and with the within the ,p..,#i; a"-"t" 4'3l1lf*"ans that for each load effect in ltem (a), the structural effect falls 6) confirming bY rationat Standard' approfiiui" ttuut"t of this iimits specified in the
resistance factors,
nri.t i"t
*."0
*, .i-g-',!Ji
l;3;i.l#il'::f':iin
iu.,i"".i'zuifai"g
cruu."a z
?1; . ::::11?lli;pll,ffi'J;,i:l
its
combinations to be
t'giixrm"l*'
Fnuory 2005
$ePlaces P'
1
Enqineering Manual'
lonuory
4,
August 2001
t5
cAN/CSA-O86_01
@ Canadian Stondords Associotnn
Canodian StondaR
A 4.2.9
i::lnni;i;il;:j$.he.weisht "i;ir;;;;i, w,eig,r,t p#;;","; ,hT"r"""f "q;ori"n., to tntended use and Sll ia n:195.,:""f$t, 'il,ir"g occupanc,"1;#;;;'"1:5;i:,..., in crause 4.2 3 2; in.luJin!Gi;;: . cranes and the pressure ri,i"io, in conli;";;' of
,1iri*;i:ir",::,Ji"Ti.ll*-".!.1ns (e) w road due to wi1d, (D t-t - permanent,"ig.li"i".rrJi"i the effect of the importance factors in crause ;il;,"1rr," includins sroundwater; !g] I permanent effects caused Oy pr"itr"d, uno (h)
ice and associated rain, and arso incrudins the effect orthe
appricabre, and minimum specified varues of these be increased to account ro,. o/nu,ni.'"ffects where appricabre: D dead road or"" into the building t" 0".::lf1!o.p"rrun"niiy or construction incorporateo by the riembei, r".il*oi"g p"rmanenr a'owance for nonpermanent partiiions; partirions and ttre
(a)
Specified Loads 4.2.3.1 Loads to be Considered Specified roads shalr incrldl-tlre fo.il";;;;;"*ver roads shat
;
in
eo
tR
+t
5R
,.fflff:
4.2.3.2;
**i
JtO
J$;;rr;;
;;"n.,*,,
4'2
4.2.4.2 Load
or combinations
*E
roads or crause
ractors
Loi
BuirdingCodeof
rmportance Factors
Importance factors for snow loads, Ig Importance
ca
fflil""i?*fiios
wind loads,
11'
s,
w, or E Loads
Importance facton for earthquake loads, I. Ultimate
Ultimate
limit state
0.8
1.0 1.15 1.25
Serviceabilitv
Iimit state
0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Ultimate
limit
0.8 1.0 1.15
state
limit
0.75 o.75 o.75 o.75
state
limit
1.0 1.0 1.3
Serviceability
state
limit
N/n
N/A
state
N/n
N/A
t.zJ
r
A
4.2.4 Load Combinations 4'2'4'r Load combinations for ultimate Limit states The effect of factored princip-al plus
1.5
4.2.4.4 4.2.4.5 -
4.2.4.3
Delete
Delete, Deleter
fiil"illl'slljn
T6
#iii.uiicombination
-.p*;;
roads shat
b"
Specified strengths an
tt
(Replaces
p. I 6,
lonuory 2005
Augusi 2001)
lonuary 2005
(Replaces
p.
7, August 2
te appropriateness
of the
Principal loads*
1.4D
Companion loads
0.5SS or 0.4W
(1
rum specified values of these of construction incorPorated permanent Partitions and enq ctors in Clause 4.2.3.2;
e
0.5154* or 0.4W
4
5
0.5L** or 0.55
.R"fer
eafth pressure (H), prestress (P), ond imposed deformotion (T)' for a dead lood (D) for soil' tRefei to rhe Nitioiral Building Code of Canada, 2005,
t"
0.515** + 0.25SS the Natio".l Bt,ilding Code of Canada, 2005, for loads due to lotercl
.0D + 1.0E
{Theprincipatloodfoctorof|,5foroliveload(L)moybereducedto|.25forliquids
in tonks.
**The componion load factor of 0.5 for a live load (L) shall be increased to 1.0 for storoge occupancies, equipment oreos, and service rooms'
4.2.4.2 Load
in accordance with the load The effect of principal plus companion loads shall be determined shall be that which results in the most combinationi in tabte +.2.+.2. itre applicable combination
unfavourable effect.
W,
or E Loads
lmportance factors for earthquake loads, IB
Table 4.2.4.2 Load Comblnations for Serviceability Ltmit States Companion loads Principal loads Case .0D* 1 '1.0D* + 1.0L 0.5St or 0.4W 2 0.51t or 0.4W 1.0D* + 1.0S 3 0'51 or 0'5S - 4 l.OD* + 1.0W
.1
ry
(H) and Prestress (P). for loods tRefer to the National Building Code of Canada, 2005' on extenor oreos.
4.2.4,3
1.5
Affecting Resistance
Specified
ates
d in accordance with the load which results in the most
factors in
modification strengths and capacities for materials and fastenings shall be multiplied by the this ciause and the appropriate materials or fastening clauses. .. in the Canodian Wood Note: Ihe bosis for derivatioril{iiriiia ttrengths for sown lumber riembers is described practice nelatinj Specified itrengths of Structural Members to Characteristic Structural Properties' Councl,s Standard in this Stondard' p,rinciptes described therein hovi oiso been used {o guide derivotions for other products
General
ihe
January 2005
(Replaces
lonuory 2005
(Reploces
p. 1 6, August 2001)
p. 1 7, August 2001 )
l7
c/.N/csA-o86-01
Conadian Standard:
4.3.3 Service
Where materials or
clauses.
capacities shall be r
Except as permitte(
4.3.4.2 Prese
Explanatory notes
Short-term loading means that condition of loading where the duration of the specified loads is not expected to last more than Z days continuously or cumulatively throughout the life of the structure. Examples include wind loads, earthquake loads, falsework, and formwork, as well as imoact loads.
Standard term means that condition of loading where the duration of specified loads exceeds that of short-term loading, but is less than
1.15
4.3.4.3 Untrt
10 mm air space
a
Standard term
1.00
permanent loading. Examples include snow loads, live loads due to occupancy, wheel on bridges, and dead loads in combination with all of the above.
Permanent
loads
4.3.4.4 Firel
0.65
Permanent duration means that condition of loading under which a member is subiected to more or less continuous specified load. Examples include dead loads or dead loads plus live loads of such character that they are imposed on the member for as long a period of time as the dead loads themselves. Such loads include those usually occurring in tanks or bins containing fluids or granular material, loads on retaining walls subjected to lateral pressure such as earth, and floor loads where the specified load may be expected to be continuously applied, such as those in buildings for storage of bulk materials. Loads due to fixed machinery should be considered to be permanent.
4.3.5 System
Specified strength and 13.4.4.4.
Note:
Note: Durofion of load moy require professionol judgment by the designer. Explanatory notes in this tabte provide guidance to designers about the types of loads and load combinations for which each modification foctor should be opplied.
4.3.6 Size Fa
Where size influen the size factor, Kt,
Note:
the permanent
load
4.3.7 Latera
The effect of widt
resistance is sPecil
'
o.os
Ps =
specified dead load sPecified standard-term load based on 5 and L loads acting alone or in combination S, L, 5 + 0.51, or 0.5S + L, where S is determined using an importance factor equal to 1.0.
grooving, daPPin
4.3.8.2 Lim.
ln no case shall tl
t8
p. 8, August 2001)
1
Au1
Co n a dio
Ston da rd s Associotion
Canodion Stondords
Association
,......
ittit"
and . in service conditions other than dry' specified strengths t""diiion factor' K" in the appropriate materials or fastenlng
standard-term duration of
clause5.
4.3.4PreservativeandFire-RetardantTreatmentFactor'K1
all be multiplied bY a load
4,3.4.1 General
Except as
multiplied by the permitted in clause 4.3.4.4,specified strengths and capacities shall be or fastenings clause' il;;T;.t"" K,, in the appropriate materials
grooving, cutting, and other fabrication should standard og0 series. lf possible, all boring, shall be treated Fabrication that is carried olt after pressure treatment comoleted before treatment. Series' foiafiv ln accordance with the CSA Standard O80
of
Untreated wood in permanent structures when moisture transfer can occur, Any method
or soil shall not be in direct contact with masonry' concrete' tttuiuiitinut"s transfer of moisture' e'g'' a minimum of
l0mmairspacearoundu."'no".inuwa|l,sha||beconsideredadequateprotection,
chemicals' Kt shall be wood is impregnated with fire-retardant or other strength-red.ucing testior shall nof exceed the value of Kt determined in u.corOun." *itn tf,u results of appropriate tabulated in the appropriate clause'
A 4.3.5 SYstem
and13.4.4.4.
Factor, Ks
multiplied by a system factor,
KH, as
iioi",-ir. ilor,
A
of members, Where size influences tne spe-citea strengths s.c.i,2.s.6.,6.5:8, the size factor, rr, in accorlance with Cliuses Note: See the Coiodian Wood Council's Commentary'
support on the factored bending moment of width-to-depth ratios and of the degree of lateral 5'5'4'2 and 6'5'6'4' resistance is specified in Clauses
4.3.8 Reduction
in combination factor equal to
The net
1
:e
.0.
,^--:-t -^-^..^r r-.., r.rn by boring' gross section the area of all material removed section, obtained by deducting from the capacity of a rf,uii L" iitecteO in calculating the strength grooving, dapping, notching, or otheimeanr,
,,
43.a.2
Limitation
fn no case shall
75o/o
Jonuary 2005
(Replaces
lanuary 2005
(Reptoces
P. 1 8, August 2001 )
P. 1 9, August 2001 )
t9
c/.N/csA-o86-01
5, Sawn Lumbr
5.L
Scope
S.2.l.l
General
E(KseKr)
wnere
stamp of an association o
= specified modulus of elasticity, MPa Ksr = service condition factor Kr = treatment factor
age
5.2.1.2 Canadian
purPoses. Note: Ihe designer
is stronl
5.2.1.3
US Lumbr
Note:
See Ctouse
A4.5.2 for odditional informotion on deflection of o wood frome system under stotic loads'
4.5.4 Pondlng
Roof framing systems shall be investigated by rational analysis ponding conditions unless
(a) the roof surface is provided with sufficient slope toward points of free drainage to prevent
accumulation of rain water; or (b) for a simply supported system subjected to a uniformly distributed load, the following condition
satisfied:
is
'A
<65
where
EA = sum of deflections due to this load, mm, of all the components of the system (decking,
secondary
4.5.5 Vibration
Special consideration shall be given to structures subjected to vibration to ensure that such vibration is acceptable for the use of the structure. Notd: See Clouse A4.5.5 for information on floor vibrotion. Additional information can be found in the commentory on NBC 2005 Structural Commentaries (Part 4). serviceabitity criteria for deflections and vibrations in the User's Cuide
20
lonuary 2005
5. Sawn Lumber
'le use of shearwalls and lrames or moment-resisting
5.1 ScoPe
methods specified in!u,Y'" Desiqn tables, data, and 1 4 1' oi csR standard cAN/csA-o
;#;1;;;;#;s
5.2.1
5.2 Materials
ldentificatioil of Lumber
ili;l'l"::,:"".T**hthisstandard:rj""9f:',:1::,'l;"Til;f;};:H::i,'l"ttl'o'i[.n'0"
i:'fr#:i:ih:li:ulrl:r;s:,,i!':;il:;i:!::"'3#::';llf,
ilA
Note: A list of oPProvea ogr
ii;;;";'*'"'"
siven
i;il;J**::l*1,1]
i;ft1;'""fff?ffi"t$":''"?i[ 0ry1.350-,accordineto'?'"']:'-::lyinations for general destgn to'iuinitions should be used retreJs'#*etin9 prattice. ir,"ru
Table
in
I r--:-
5.2.1.2, which
I for serviceabilitY limit states ling at least dead load deflection, red 1/1 80 of the sPan.
Rlt[?tii;
to
checkovoilability
of
species' grode'
and
sizes before
specifying'
5.2.1.3 US Lumber
DimensionLumber,tne Table 5.2.1.3.
,p".iii.ombinations srld:d-]n For us commer.iur jeiign data may u" o"t"rrni,ili;il th"
Groding Rule for accordance with the N-ationol in combination equivalents species
le load combinations for on. In lieu of a more accurate span shall be imPosed on the
to Prevent
following condition is
rf
204
(Replaces
lonuory 2005
identification
D Fir-L (N)
Hem-Fir (N)
S.P.F
Northern Species
North Species
Notes: on botonicol nomes and Nomes of species in this Tobte ore stondatd commerciol names. Additional informotion other common names is given in CSA Standord CAN/CSA-O|41 ' in this (21 The NLGAStandard-Grading Rules for Canadian Lumber contoins mony species designotions not shown species combinotions, for ioAU. tn" species con be ideniified, however, it may be possible to group it in one of the puryoses of ossigning specified strengths.
(l)
combination
Hem-Fir
Canadian combination
Douglas Fir-Larch
Douglas Fir-Larch
Hem-Fir
Southern Pine
Spruce-Pine-Fir
iote:
Ihe NICA Standard Grading Rule for Canadian Lumbe/ incorporotes tle f.luti"nut Grading Rules for Dimension Lumber, o uniform set of grode.descriptions and
all other requiremeits for softwood dimension tumber that form o required port of softwood lumber grading rules in the lJnited states. Thus, oll dimension lumber throughout conado and the united Stotes is groded to uniform requirements.
design data are .. 5.2.2.',| lists categories, limiting dimensions, and structural grades forw^hich NLGA Stondord Groding Rules for Conadian asiigneO in this Standara. ii'et" gtid"t ur. specified in the
August
2001
2l
cAN/CSA-OS6-01
@ Conodion Stondord.
5.3.1.2
The specified stren< grade equivalents:
mm
mm
Decklng grade
Construction. Standard
Stud Select Structural
Light Framing
Stud
38 to 89 38 to 89 38 to 89 38 to 89
38 to 89 38 or more 38 to 89 14 or more
Select Commercial
5.3.2 Machir
not grade-depende
Select Structural
1'l4 or more
1
Select Structural
by more than
14 or more
51
No.1, No.2
Select Structural
by 5'l or
38 to 89
less
No.1, No.2
Select, Commercial
140 or more
Specifir
Joir
Noti:
;i{t of accredited ogencies moy be obtained from the Canodian Lumber Stondords Accreditotion Board.
identification
Gt
gradeDesign data s[ecified in this Standard apply to finger-joined lum-ber that has been produced and Product Standard SPS 1. stamped in accordance with NLCA Special
ss Nr Nt
S5
Hem-Fir
Nr Nr
Dimension lumber and timbers that are resawn or otherwise remanufactured shall be regraded in
S-P-F
-r{
s5
Nr
When mixed grades are used, the specified strength shall be that of the grade having the lowest value.
Northern
s5 N.
Nr
Note'.
(o) (b)
(c) standard-term dt
5.3.1.1.
(.j
22
August 2001
Augr
Canodian Stondords
Associotion
ions
Grades Construction, Standard
Stud Select Structural
5.3.r.2
The specified strengths (MPa)
the following for plank decking shall be derived from Table 5'3'1A using
grade equivalents:
Decklng
Select
grade
Commercial
No.2
Lumber 5.3.2 Machine Stress-Rated and Machine EvaluatedTable 5'3'2' The specified given in
for machine stress-rated lumber are SPecified strengths in shear are machine evaluated lumber ur" giu"n in lablg strengths (Mpa) for Table 5.3.1 A for the appropriate specles' noi g-rao"-oependent and shall be taken from
Sll'l'
No.1, No.2
Select Structural
No. 1, No. 2
Select, Commercial
Table 5.3.1A and Modulus of Elasticity for Structural Specified Strengths stud
Evaluated Lumber
:-stamped in accordance with
p of a
Tension
Modulus of
elasticitY
E
Eos
tudinal
shear,
Parallel
dicular
to 8rain,
fibre,
Grade
ss No. 1/No. 2 No. 3/Stud fb
16.5
to grain,
parallel to grain,
identification
D Fir-L
f,
f.
19.0 't 4.0 4.6 17.6 14.8
7.0
ft
10.6 5.8
2.1
l2
10.0
1.9
7.O
I has been
,4.6
16.0 11.0
7.o
8 500 7 000
5 500 8 500 7 500 6 000
7 500
5S
'N6: No.
2 3/Stud
1/No.
4.6
9.7 6.2
3.2
55
Northern
ss
No. No.
16.s 11.8
7.Q
't4.5 11.s
7.0 1.3 5.3
8.6
5.)
..;
3.2 3.5
10.6
7.6
13.0 10.4
4.5
6.2 4.0
2.O
grade having
4.5
6 500
s 500
5 500 5 000
4 000
h) 'ki
August 2001
23
)
cAN/CSA-Og6-01
Conadion Stondards
Table 5.3.t8 specified strepgthr and Modulus of Etasticity for Light Framing Grades (MPa) Appltcable to sizes 38 by 3g nim to siby 89 mm
Bending at
extreme
Species
Compression
Longitudinal
shear,
parallel
identification
D Fir-L
Hem-Fir
fibre,
Grade
Const. Stand. Const. Stand. Const. fb
f"
13.0
7.3
f" 16.0
'|
to
grain,
$ain, f"p
1o
7.O
perpendicular parallel
Tension
f, 6.5
3.7 7.0
io grain,
Modulus of elasticity
Eos
r0 000
9 10
5 500
Species
3.1
14.3 8.0
15.3
16.9
13.9
4.6 5.3
3.5
3.9 6.2
3.5
S-P-F
2.6
2.2
13.1
10.8
5tand. Northern
Const. Stand.
1't.9
9.8
4.5 2.5
000 5 000 000 6 000 9 000 5 500 9 000 5 500 I 000 5 000 6 500 4 000 6 000 3 500
identification
D Fir-L
ss No. No. ss No. No. ss No. No. ss No. No.
Hem-Fir
S-P-F
in occordance with Ctouse i.S.Z.S. Tobuloted volues ari based on the foltowing standard conditions: (a) 89 mm width (except for compression propertie5); (b) dry service conditions; and (c) stondard-term duration of lood.
(2,
f.l rne_s129 laqor Kyfor light framing grades sholl be 1.00, except that Kzc sholl be colcutated in occordonce with Clause 5.5.6.2.2, ond K* sholl be determined
Northern
Noter:
(l)
(3) With sawn membet compression before appt service conditions sholl t (4) Beam and stringer 1 (5) Tobuloted volues ot (o) 343 mm larger dim
(b)
dry sewice conditior
grain;
24
)r
to 89 bY 89
Light Framing
mn
specified -
strengd:";i
Table 5'3'1C
rvr"aou" of Elasttclty
ar -
Tension
parallel
to Srain'
Modulus of
elasticitv
Eos
ft
6.6 3.7
7.0
5 500
5 000
3.9 6.2
3.5
4.5
2.5
6 500
6 000
1s \i:, 70 * ';333 ill: No.2 l,'"., \11 1.2 'll 4.6 'r;1 '3333 i:33 'ti ooo t ii . :1;,',^ 12 1,; 3 2.3 iitl ilgs 1 11.0 ,., 5'2 6'3 2 o
iz
9.0
ComPression Iension Bending Longi-- Parallel PerPen::]fi; dicular P: ""iu1"r tudinal ;;;;;""" io grain' to stt"' shear, ;;;il, fibre,. " i t* f" c f.. r' 10.0
Modulus of
elasticity
?=
No. No.
'^
)u
olcutoted
in occordonce with
Northern
SS
No. 'nl:'
i;.;
'12.8
1.0
:: 3.9
'2
3's
:'"A
;'.i
8 8
0oo Z6oo
5 5oo 5 500
+ooo
ffi*rsths
subiect are
T";X:,
Select
ore bosed on rcaos extre ror beoms ond stringen strenoii rcr aendins ot the apptiec): toods ns rocton : pfted bY th e rott ow
No. 1 orNo.2
0.77
0.90
iffffir, the smatter dimel ot o'.oe] liyes,.t!3,:3'.':r:ir"'#n\),nn i'iii' 'n* ,l!;",r, or rigiditv mav be estimated i2\ en approximote volue .tot,mouutu""Y i,l'r'i, t"ol?'t stowtv, core should be exerase' ,l"tin ^ strengths for wet than 89 mm thot
(3) With
iZkirit"i",
ii*i'i
sown members mtcker ploce; otherw$e, compression of the outer nore no, taken before opprecioble seosoning (see clouse 5'5'3)' t.hoil !!-!tf.!r'nsted in this toble are no.t groded for continuity 'onani"" Beam ond.sui,'s:'-2:::::,:;::,:;ir';;i;;;s porattet to 14\ oased on the.following-sta:":S;:,;'rrS;r dimension for tens-ion ond compression ',toiaoia iil't tobutoted volues.ore bending and sneoL z>z hrger dimension for
conditions:
conditions; ond
25
(Reploces
'in!i!,!,Tt
t, Ausust 2oo1)
cAN/CSA-O86-01
Canadian Standard:
Table 5.3.1D Specified Strengths and Modulus of Elasticity for Post and Tirnber Grades (Mpa)
Compression Bending at LongiPerpen- Tension extreme tudinal Parallel dicular parallel fibre, shear, to grain, to grain, to gnin, Species identification Grade fb fu fD Fir-L ss
'|
1
Machlne
at
Modulus of
Specifi
Bend
extre
elasticity
En.
No.
Hem-Fir
SS
No. 2
1.5
10.7
7.0
8.1
3.8 7.9
No.1
No. 2
5-P-F
11.3 10.0
6.1
6.0 2.8
7.4
s5
No. l
No. 2 Northern
SS
5.3
5.6 z-b
7.O
l2.o
1
No.
9.0
3.9
6.7
4.1
3.5
5.3
2.5
No.2 Noter:
'r2000 8000 10 500 6 500 9 500 5 000 10 000 7 000 9 000 5 000 8 000 5 s00 8 500 6 000 7 500 5 000 6 500 4 500 I 000 5 500 7 000 5 000 6 000 4 000
fibre
fb 17.4 9.5 21.0
350Fb-1.3E
145OFb-1
21 .7
41.3 43.4
(l) (ll
Posts and timbers have o smaller dimension of ot leost 114 mm, with a larger dimension notlmore thon 51 mm
greoter thon the smaller dimension. (2) Posts ond timbers groded to beom ond stringer rules moy be assigned beom and stringer strength. An approximote volue for modulus of rigidity moy be estimated at 0.065 times the modulus of elasticity. (4, With sawn memberc thicker thon 89 mm thot season slowly, care should be exercised to ovoid overloading in compression before oppreciable seasoning of the outer fibre has taken ptoce; otherwise, compression strengthsior wet seNice conditions sholl be used. (51 Tobuloted values are based on the following standord conditions: (a) 343 mm lorger dimension for bending ond shear,292 mm lorger dimension for tension and compression parollelto grain; (b) dry service conditions; ond (c) stondard-term duration of lood.
1400Fb-'t.2E 20.3
1600Fb-1 1550Fb-1 1800Fb-1
23.2 23.9
26.1
240OF6-1 34.7 *Compression perpenc 10 300 MPa or highet Table 5.3.1A for the o, tThe tension design vr oppropriote level of qu
Notej:
(1,
(21
26
Jonuory 2005
Jonuary 2005
@Canadion Standards
Associotion
Lasticity
a)
Table 5.3.2 Specified Strengtls lnd-Mo-{ulus of Elasticity for Machine (MPa) Machine stress-fa:ted Grades 38 mm Thick by Alt widths
Bending at
extreme
Tension
Modulus
parallel Modulus of to grain, elasticity Eos E f, 12 000 8 000 10.7 10 500 6 500 8.1 9 500 6 000 3.8 'r0 000 7 000 7.9 9 000 6 000 6.0 8 000 5 500 2.8 8 500 6 000 7.4 7 500 5 000 5.6 6 500 4 500 2.6 8 000 5 500 7.0 7 000 5 000 5.3 6 000 4 000 2.5
pnsion not more than
of
elasticity,
E
fibre,
fb
1200Fb-1.2E 1350Fb-1.3E 145oFb-1.3E
to grain,
89
to grain,*
5.3 5.3 5.3
to 184
mm
>184 mmT
fc
15.1
17.4 19.5
2l .0
l500Fb-1.4E 165oFb-l.5E
1800Fb-1.6E
1
2t.7
23.9
26.1
950Fb-1
ZE
21
00Fb-1 .8E
16.9 17.3
17.5
18.1
5.3
5.3 5.3
11.4
18.7
19.3
5.3
6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
13100
13800
14 500 15 200 15 900 16 500
19.9 20.5
21
."1
2't.6
23.0
24.1 25.8
36.9
39.1 41 .3
21 .7
43.4
26.9
6.5
For these MSR grodes,
5'l mm
Thefot|owingMsRgradesprovideamodulusofetasticitywithhigher.conespondingstrengths. ore reqylred' auoiiicatioiona aiily quolity control for tensile strength
1400Fb-1
tringer strength. ' modulus of elasticity. ised to ovoid overlooding in compression strengths for wet
8 300 9 700
9 000 10 300 11 000 11 700 12 400 12 400
9.0
10.7 11 .4
9.0
10.7
17.1
17.9
18.1
2250Fb-1.7E 32.6
'nsion
.8E
32.6
34.7
18.7 19.5
20.5
5.3
5.3 5.3 6.5 6.5
20.5
21 .'l
Toble 5.3.1 A for the appropriote qroup' is subiect to the moy be ossigned to these sizes, provided the lumber IThe tension design values for nirroi widths os specified in NLCA SPs 2' quotificarri-o,ia aoiy quatity controtiesting for tension sirength' oppropriate level of
tumber taken rrom ,';K;';;;: ::#;;:;:*;:;';;;;:;;;;:;, s*';;': ;'; ;;;;;;[o'ins vLtues ror visuattv stress'sraded
Notes:
(7\Tabutatedvaluesarebasedonstondord-termdurationofloadanddryserviceConditions. 1.00, except that Kz, is given in Tlbt: \2\ The size factor Kzfor MlR lumber shalt be accordoncewithClause5.5.T'5,andKrriscolculotedinoccordoncewithClouseS'5'6'2'2'
:'::,
K7,o is
determined in
(Reploces
lonuory
(Reptoces
27
cAN/CSA-O86_01
@ Canadian Stondards Associotion
@ Canadion Standora
(l) Taburated volues ore based on stondord-term duration r1,cty rzfoy\lt tumn"i,nuli-;'.;;,";;;rp, of load and dry service conditions. \)^!!:^''::with clouse 5.5.7.5, and thot K7 is siven in robte s. occordance K2,, is determined in
xr,is latrrioiiiinZrroroonce with ctorse s.s.d.!.'il
!i^b! Notes:
;!:!'*fr;;:
t
3 t e ro,
M-13
M-r1 M-12
911d" M-10
fb
at
t;.; ii.z
to
11
't1
10 "t2
7oo 7oo
3oo ooo
e.o e's
m
f.
Compression
17.1 17.7
i;.; i;.i ;;.i i;.; ;0.; ,;''.; ,i'.i ;;.; ,rlt
1i3
s.3 5.3
5.4.4.2
(a) the
Case 2
;:i
s.3 s.3 6.s s.3
6.5
5.3
6.5
;;.;
6.s 6.5
6s
tieippipi'tr"
grorp.
tuibu ti*c,
Cose 2 opplies t Iumber framing membet applied to single-membt on analysis of portial cot
tro^
5.4.4.3
For lumber in built-ug fastened or glued tog the system factor, K*,
siven in
Note:
+ff,:T;l!*
5.4.3.1
5.4.5.2
The size factor, K, for accordance with Claus
5.4.5.3
K'
as
5.4.3.2
treated with fire-retardant or other strength-reducing chemicals, strength capacities shall be based on the and stiffness documeni"Jr"r"-n tests that-srrait account the effects of srrarr meet iil"-,"q,i,"-"nts or crause 3 3 2 manuracturing moieriats Canadian w*'a tiiiri'tll.n,.nun.ury iriir*il"iriinf' to, oaaitionot"riliXllfosr.on "ra
For lumber
The size factor, Kr, for that Kz, shall be as givr Kz.e may be determine
;r
;;i;;;*
lfi:?n:t3"-*fl,zai::;::::i::;i':';,lrilo."o,,u,
28
(Replaces p.
lanuory 2005
August 2001
@Canadion Stondords
Assodoilon
essentially paralle' a system consisting of three or more strengths for sawn lumber members in thit they mutually support the applied urranged upurt O members spaced no, toru ,tln Zi tyttut factor for Case 1 qiven in Table 5'4'4' load may be multiplied Uyih" irn-:.i^!:11':!:^'trusses' composite building
t*
*i*
Note: Cbse
conpanents,
1 oppties
rain,
Perpendicular to grain,*
fcp
to
,"lriiiriit
to
may atso-oppity
ite'froming detoii do
,ot
5'4'4'2'
5.4.4.2 Case
or studs meeting the used in a system of solid ioists' rafters' Specified strengths for sawn lumber factor for Case 2 given in Table 5'4'4' UV rpouirements of Clause 5.4.4.1 may be multiplied are met: piluiO.J trtut the following additional conditions waferboard' or. osB of minimum 9'5 mm (a) the ioists, rafters, or r,iat"J" iGtheJwith as luin6;;l;:o;bination with panel covering such thickness, or with r z unl.tfuv*"nt or with wood finish flooring; a.nd equivalent to io tfre members to provide a minimum stiffness (b) thelheathing o,. suUfli, ii attached mm edges of sheathing panels, and 300 nails at 150 mm cenii"i ut that provided by 2 in .o.n1on
,r'il'ini.u; fij;k;"*
ti'"i'it6t ply*;;;
svstems such as con.ventt?'it-lt9!'::I::::::::"';^::,?:;,i:'r::!;Y;!;i:f":':;':;T ;,'#:t:iT ffi; s b ori'i-iiiii,i'riqrired sheothing oid fastenings' Tobu.tated Case 2 sYstem factors ore to De lumber froming memDers section properties bosed ina ,ornot ai ,ti'i'iiiiii"ion with ougmented opptied to singte-member sriiri'pr"p*tirl
i;l;11"r
nditions. 5.4.5, Kkp is determined i.2.2. fasrened
in
ilft;
that are more individual members of the same depth in buirt-up beams consisting of two-or may be multiplied by will defleci as i unit, specified strengths or gtued togeth;;;;;;;# rn] given in Table 5'4'4' tictor,
K,
vary with member size and shall be multiplied
:tor,
KD, as
given in
strengths of visually :...,"i1,9,'-t9*lumber with I aole )'.+')' by a size factor, K,, in accordance
s.t-cl*i.t3'l.s'z
r factor, Ku as
given in
f;l;t;l*.r,
accordance
with Clause
.5.6.2.2,and
K2.o
may
except.
that
Clause 5'5'7
'5'
f,.'l;t.l*ar,
r, Kr, as given in
Table 5'4.3.
evaluated lumber shall be '00' except for machine stress-rated rumbgr and machine and in accordance with clause 5'5'6'2'2' il.s, Kr. shall uL ."irr.,"a that Kru shall u" us giuenii i.ir" s's'7 's' J"ierm-ineo in accordance with clause
Kr,
'l
;;;;f;
of
29
August
2001
cAN/CSA-O86_01
@
Canodion Stondords
Asso
Size Fr
Ks
Ksa Ksu
Property
Bending at extreme fibre Longitudinal shear Compression parallel to grain Compression perpendicular to Tension parallel to grain Modulus of elasticity
Bending ar
Kzo Kz'.
Over 89 mm
1.00 1.00
0.91
Larger
Smaller dir
Kk
Kkp
Ks,
dimension (mm)
.3-9
38to64 t
1.7 1.7
t./
1 1
1
t.o0
1.00
0.67
64
l.00
1.00
r.00
1.5 140 I.4 184 to 191 1.? 235 to 24'l 1.1 286 to 292 1.0 337 to 343 0.9 387 or laroer O 8
't't4
89
| I
1
wet service
conditions
1.00 1.00
Preservative-treated, incised lumber ot thickness 89 mm or less. for (a) modulus of elasticitv (b) other properties Fire-retardant-treated lumber
5.5.2 Sizes
0.90 o.75
See Clouse 5.4.3.2
o.g5 / o.85
5.5.2.1
Except as provided in Clar dimension) of lumber sha
retardant treatment.
5.5.2.2
Noter:
(71 ln developing
specified st
2t
MSn
1.20 1.20
in
Visually
Case 1*
(2)
Built-up beams
't.10
1.10 1.do 1.00 1.00
graded
1.40 1.40 1.10
Bending Longitudinal shear Compression parallel to qrain Tension parallel to grain Ail orner
l.t0
1.10 1.10
5.5.3 Continuity
Note:
Beam and stringer grades resistance, unless regrade( deflection and shear calcu
Eeom and stringer grc
properties
rS-ee
1.00
r.10 r. I v
r.bo
N/A N/A
l.t0 N/A
l.oo
conditio^ oppi/iri1-i
c"i")
M, =
$F6SK,6K,-
30
August 2001
August 2001
-anadia
Table 5.4.5
Tension
Compression
Compression
parallel to grain
'K.o 114
perpendicular to grain
Kz.p
parallel to
or
less
grain Kz.
AII
All other
properties
Over 89 mm
1.00 't.00
0.91
.1-8
dimension
(mm)
to
64
or
89 to
102 more
All
1.5
All
'
i.0
See Clause
0.67
1.00
64 89
1.7
1.5
1.5
5.5.7.5
Value comquted
1.0
't.00
114
140
1.6
1.5
;
1.3 1.3 1.2
1.1
1.5
^1.4
using formulo in
Clouse
5.5.6'2.2
1.0 1.0
1.0 1.0
1.4 1.2
1.1
1.3
1
1.3
1.2
'| .1
!& l
1n
0.9 0.8
1.0
1.0 1.0
1.0 0.9
1.0 0.9
1.0
rwlce
ions
5.5 contains design data and methods that apply to sawn lumber of rectangular cross-section.
5.5.2 Sizes
5.5.2.1
of fire-
provided in Clause 5.5.2.2, the standard dry size rounded to the nearest millimetre (net dimension) of lumber shall be used.
Except as
s.5.2.2
In
conjunction with Tables 5.3.1C and 5.3.1D, green manufactured sizes may be used for all service
conditions.
Not$:
(t)
and th.eir ln devaoping specified strengths in this Standard, variables of moisture content ond shrinkoge, net dimensions of structural iehtionsnip ti stieigtn ond stiffiess. hove been token into occount. Standard sizes and lunber and timbers ore given in CSA Standord CAN/CSA-OI41 . (21 Sizes rounded to the neorest millimetre are given in Toble A5'5.2-
Built-up beams
1.',t
5.5.3
Beam
1.00
and stringer grades shall not be designed for continuity in determining requirements for bending in resistance, unleis re-graded along the full length of the member. Continuity may be considered whether the lumber is regraded or not' deflection and shear calculations Note: Eeom ond stringer grades listed in Toble 5.3.1C ore not groded for continuity.
ContinuitY
M, = oFbSKzbKL
August 2001
August
2001
3l
aN/csA-086-01 where
Conodion Standards
Asso
where
fb = specified strength in bending (Iables 5.3.1A to 5.3.1D, 5.3.2, and 5.3.3), MPa Kzu = size factor in bending (Clause 5.4.5) Kr = lateral stability factor (Clause 5.5.4.2)
5.5.4.2 Lateral Stability Factor,
5.5.4.2.1
The lateral stability factor, K,-, may be taken as unity when lateral support is provided at points of bearing to prevent lateral displacement and rotation, provided that the maximum depth-to-width ratio of the member does not exceed the following values:
Fb
=0.e
= fu(KoKnKsuKr)
0 h fr
=0.9
K1
= f1(K6KsK51K1) = sPecified notch sh = 0.50 for all sawn r Ksr = seryice factor = 1.00 for dry servic = 0.70 for wet servi<
= llroSs cross-sectior
5.5.5.4 Notch
Fa
4:1 5:1
if the member is held in line by purlins or tie rods; 6.5:1 if the compressive edge is held in line by direct connection of decking or joists spaced not more than 61 0 mm aparq 7.5:'l it the compressive edge is held in line by direct connection of decking or joists spaced not more than 61 0 mm apart and adequate bridging or blocking is installed at intervals not exceeding
9;'l
eight times the depth of the member; or if both edges are held in line.
K'.
d 0 d.
= depth of
cross-se
= 1-(d"/d)
Alternatively,
s.5.4.2.2
For built-up beams consisting of two or more individual members of the same depth, the ratio in Clause 6.5.6.3.'l may be based on the total width of the beam, provided that therhdividual members are fastened together securely at intervals not exceeding four times the depth.
Note:
Yoiues of K"t/d-' fo
5.5.5.5 Shear
Ft
v. = oF 'K. "3
where
2A_
ln the calculation of nt in the member at the I the member axis. Cor reentrant corner of a r notch can resist the fa
6
f"
= f"(KoKHKs"Kr) = specified strength in shear (Clauses 5.3.1 and 5.3.2), MPa An = net area of cross-section (Clause 4.3.8), mm2 Kzu = size factor in shear (Clause 5.4.5)
Fu
=0.e
Note:
see Clouse
5.5.5.3.
equar
F, = oFfAKN
32
August 2001
August 2001
En g i n 9e!!!g Pe
sE!!
v/ oo!
wnere
5.3.3), MPa
fr
Fr
=0.e
= fr(KoK"KyKr)
A
is
= specified notch shear force resistance (Clause 5.5.5.5), MPa = 0.50 for all sawn members Ky = service factor = 1.00 for dry service = 0.70 for wet service = gross cross-section area, mmz
Kr = notch factor (Clause 5.5.5.4) l{ote: Notches or abrupt changes of section will produce
stress concentrations
ng or joists spaced
not more
*_ =
[o*uo(,.(*,).n(*,))]-
where
'Clause 6.5.6.4.
rl e
= depth of notch measured normal to the member axis in accordance with Figure 5.5.5.4, mm, which must not exceed 0.25d
=e/d = length of notch measured parallel to the member axis, mm, from the centre of the
nearest
rme
]th.
support to reentrant corner of notch (Figure 5.5.5.4). For a member notched over an end support, the length of support may be taken as the lesser of minimum required bearing length (Clause 5.5.7) or the actual bearing length. For a continuous member the length of support equals the actual bearing length.
Volues of
K*tff
in the
stance
August 2001
August
2001
33
cAN/CSA-O86-01
Re<
"
or
cc
Flgure 5.5.5.4 Determination of Length and Depth of Notetr Table 5.5.5.4 Values of Kp fi
o.75
0.'t 5
where
6 =0.8 f.
Fc
= f.(KDKHK5.KT) = specified strength in t3 Kz, = 6-3 (dL)4 < 1 '3
o.80
19.9
19.5
o.85
23.7
23.3
o.90
29.9 29.4 28.8
28.1
0.20 o.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80
2.OO
5.5.6.2.3 Slendern
The slenderness factor, lQ,
't6.4
1.8
10.9
10.1
19.0 18.5 18.0 17.4 16.8 16.2 15.0 13.9 12.8 't"t.9
11.1
22.8 22.2
21.5
20.9
20.2 19.5
18.1
'r
39.9
Kc=11
r-x,^c^' I 0-ffi1
38.8
17.6 36.4 34.0 31 .7 29.6
6.8 15.6
14.5 13.5 11.8 10.5
wnere Eos = 0.82E for MSR lumb = 0.75E for MEL lumb = as specified in Table
5.5.6.3 Spaced Co
using the sPecified strengl
6.29
1.0
't6.4
14.9
18.1
10.0
Noter:
(1) q=1-dJd;n=e/d
(21 lnterpolotion
moy be applied for intermediate volues of a and
rt'.
34
August 2001
Auaust 2001
@Conodian Standards
Association
to Grain
of be used in determininq the slenderness ratio noted otherwise, the effective length l-.= K"L shall compr"tiion members are given ireciive G;;il;;Jrt, Ku, for compression members. n".on,.'r"nouo
A5.5.6.1
.
---.--lj"__l
shall not members of constant rectangular section slenderness ratio, C., of simple coirpression 50 and shall be taken as the greater or
exceed
^ -
effective " -
= QFsAK2.K6
Yotch
wnere
q l
=0.8
o.9s
43.5 42.8
42.O
41 .0
29.6
.t'tp".ifi"a
5.5.6.3 Spaced Compression Memfrers the requirements shall be designed in accordance with Spaced compretrion t"rnbo-,
using the specified
of Clause 45'5'5'3
to five individual members of at least co.pression members shall consist of two The factored compressive O"lL, or Uolts anJ split ring connectors' 38 mm thickness ioined tlitf, "tiit "i
35
August 2001
August
2001
aN/csA-o86-01
Conodion Stondords
Asso<
Note:
S/endernesr rotior ore colculoted according to Clouse 5.5.6.2.1 using the overoll dimensions of the composite member or the dimensions of the individuol pieces, as appropriate.
resistance of built-up compression members may be evaluated in accordance with Clauses 5.5.6.4.2to 5.5.6.4.4, provided that the minimum values of end distance, edge distance, and spacing for fastenings conform to the appropriate requirements in Clause 10 and the maximum value of end distance does not exceed 1'2 times the minimum value. The factored compressive resistance of the built-up compression member may be taken as the greater of the values calculated according to Clause 5.5.6.4.2,5.5.6.4.3, or 5.5.6.4.4, or the combined factored resistance of the individual pieces taken as independent members.
5.5.6.5 Spliced B
5.5.6.6.1
Spliced nail-laminated bt designed for axial loads a accordance with Clauses met:
columns: centres in the direction p (d) minimum lamination (e) maximum laminatiot
s.5.6.6.2
The factored bending ret of the same size, grade, i (a) 4oo/o of the factored (b) 100o/o of the factore<
region,
R.
s.5.6.6.3
The factored compressivr determined using Clause compression member of
Note:
36
August 2001
with Clauses 5.5.6.4.2 to for fastenings r value of end distance does not ce of the built-up compression :o Clause 5.5.6.4.2, 5.5.6.4.3, or ken as independent members.
ance
5.5.6.6 Spliced
5.5.6.6.1.
Spliced
designed for axial loads and bending loads applied parallel acco'rdance with Clauses 5.5.6.6.2 ana S.S.e.O.t, provided
met:
nail-laminated built-up columns that are constructed in accordance with Figure 5.5.6.6. may be to the wide face of the laminations in that the following additional conditions are
rstened together with nails or rer of equivalent gross crosst the following requirements are
:he thickness
(a) the spliced columns shall consist of three members, with nails penetrating all three members; (b) the minimum overall splice length, L, shall be 1200 mm; mm on tne spliceO columns shall be briced by sheathing, or purlins spaced at a maximum of 600 centres in the direction perpendicular to the wide face of the laminations; (d) minimum lamination size shall be 38 mm thick by 14O mm wide; and
iij
size shall be 38
of the thinnest
s.5.6.6.2
The of the
members factored bending resistance shall be determined using Clause 5.5.10 based on equivalent same size, grade, and species, using (a) 41Voof the ia"ctored bend'ing resistan;e of an unspliced built-up beam in the splice region, R; and outside of the splice i6l r OO"z" of the factored bendiig resistance of an unspliced built-up beam
region,
R.
5.5.6.6.3
stened together by
minimum
The
shall be factored compressive resistance in the direction parallel to the wide face of the laminations for a simple determined using Clause 5.5.6.2.2 based on an fr, value equal to 600/o of the value compression member of the same species and grade. significontly reduies their stiffness and bending resistonce, and should be avoided xati: splicing of buitt-up
,"ibro
of the thinnest
wherever possible.
on Members
at intervals not bolts and 2-'l /2 in rstrength of a solid member of
stened together
r diameter
5.5.6.2. :
Compression
of built-up compression
nce
combined
be omitted
lanuory 2005
August 2001
(Replaces
37