DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct Speech / Quoted Speech Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech) What a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word. Indirect Speech / Reported Speech Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word. THE CHANGES OF TO BE & AUXILIARY VERBS DIRECT Am, is, are Shall/will Can May Must Have/has to Ought to Ought to Should Should Might Might CHANGES OF ADVERB OF TIME & PLACE DIRECT NOW TOMORROW NEXT WEEK TONIGHT TODAY YESTERDAY LAST NIGHT LAST WEEK HERE THIS THESE INDIRECT THEN THE FOLLOWING DAY THE FOLLOWING WEEK THAT NIGHT THAT DAY THE DAY BEFORE THE NIGHT BEFORE THE WEEK BEFORE THERE THAT THOSE INDIRECT Was/were Should/would Could Might Had to

CHANGES OF TENSES DIRECT SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT CONT. SIMPLE FUTURE 1. STATEMENT FORM HE* SAID HE* SAID TO HE* TOLD STATEMENT EXAMPLE DIRECT They said to me: we are going to visit Borobudur tomorrow. Jeffry said: I didnt go to school today. Anne told Agus: My father got angry with me last night. INDIRECT They said to me that they were going to visit Borobudur the following day. Jeffry said that he hadnt gone to school that day. Anne told Agus that her father had got angry with her the night before. STATEMENT Exception: If the introductory sentence is in the Present Tense, there wont be any changes in the Reported (Indirect) speech . DIRECT Cindy says: I will come to your house tonight. Indra says: I have seen that film for twice. Dessy says: I meet my boyfriend every saturday. Chandra says: I dont like sport. INDIRECT Cindy says that she will come to my house tonight Indra says that he has seen that film for twice. Dessy says that she meets her boyfriend every Saturday. Chandra says that he doesnt like sport. THAT (REPORTED WORDS) INDIRECT SIMPLE PAST PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT PAST CONTIONOUS PAST PERFECT CONT. SIMPLE FUTURE

2. COMMAND a. Positive Command: FORM HE* ASKED TO HE* TOLD COMMAND EXAMPLE DIRECT The teacher asked me: Open your book page 65! Siska asked Manu: give me a piece of paper! Ronny told him: call me tonight! INDIRECT The teacher asked me to open my book page 65. Siska asked Manu to give her a piece of paper. Ronny told him to call him that night. b. Negative Command: FORM HE* ASKED NOT TO HE* TOLD COMMAND EXAMPLE DIRECT Santy asked Edy: Dont leave me alone anymore! Valenxia asked Indra: Dont hurt me anymore! Subhan told them: Dont disturb me! INDIRECT Santy asked Edy not to leave her alone anymore. Valenxia asked Indra not to hurt her anymore. Subhan told them not to disturb him. INFINITIVE INFINITIVE

3. QUESTION a. Yes/No Question FORM HE* ASKED IF/WHETHER S + V + COMPLEMENT

Yes/No Question Example

DIRECT Ricky asked Henry: Does your father work near here? Mr. Bean asked Cyntia: Have you collected your homework? Dessy asked William: Can you accompany me to Lippo tonight? INDIRECT Ricky asked Henry if/whether his father worked near there. Mr. Bean asked Cyntia if/whether she had collected her homework. Dessy asked William if/whether he could accompany her to Lippo that night. b. Wh- Question FORM HE* ASKED Wh- Question Example WHEN/WHAT etc. S + V +COMPLEMENT

DIRECT The girl asked me: Where Do you come from? My father asked my brother: Why did you arrive at home late last night? Handy asked the girl: what is your favorite movie star? INDIRECT The girl asked me where I came from. My father asked my brother why he had arrived at home late the night before Handy asked the girl what her favorite movie star was

*He can be replaced by other pronouns