Saikat Sahoo(10DM063) Shashank Kamsu(10DM083) PGDM Sec-B

Learning is defined as relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience or reinforced practice Learning is acquisition of knowledge, skills and expertise It can be viewed as the process of conditioning

Born on Dec 4th, 1925 in Mundare, Alberta,

Canada. Responsible for groundbreaking contribution to many fields of psychology including social cognitive theory, therapy and personality psychology. Originator of social learning theory and theory of self-efficacy and famous bobo doll experiment. In 2008 Bandura won the Grawemeyer Award in Psychology.

"Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behaviour is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action." -Albert Bandura, Social Learning Theory, 1977

We learn behaviour through observing behaviours of

others Learn through observing consequences of behaviours of others

Observe behaviour of others and repeat the behavior Bobo doll studies (1963) Disinhibition: Weakening of inhibition through exposure

to a model

Characteristics of the models: similarity, age, sex, status,

prestige, simple vs. complex behavior Characteristics of observers: Low self-confidence, low self-esteem, reinforcement for imitation Reward consequences of behavior: Directly witnessing associated rewards

Attentional processes Retention processes

Reproduction processes
Incentive and motivational processes

Developing cognitive processes to pay attention to a

model- more developed processes allow for better attention Must observe the model accurately enough to imitate behavior

To later imitate behavior, must remember aspects of the

behavior Retain information in 2 ways: Imaginal internal representation: Visual image Ex: Forming a mental picture Verbal system: Verbal description of behavior Ex: Silently rehearsing steps in behavior

Taking imaginal and verbal representations and

translating into overt behavior- practice behaviors Receive feedback on accuracy of behavior- how well have you imitated the modeled behavior? Important in mastering difficult skills Ex: Driving a car

With incentives, observation more quickly becomes

action, pay more attention, retain more information Incentive to learn influenced by anticipated reinforcements

Understanding of aggression and psychological disorders,

particularly in the context of behavior modification. Foundation for the technique of behavior modeling which is widely used in training programs.

Strengths: Focus on observable behavior- research support Practical application to real-world problems Large-scale changes