Ahpamada Form - 1

" r & o r * Z if
;

av;a&mif
bk&m;yHk

Ahpamada Form - 2

" r & o r * Z if
;

Ahpamada Form - 3

" r & o r * Z if
;

Ahpamada Form - 4

" r & o r * Z if
;

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuf
- 249^2004 (4)
rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuf - 227^2004 (4)

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuf
- 249^2004 (4)
rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuf - 227^2004 (4)

pmrlcGifhjyKcsuf
- 249^2004 (4)
rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuf - 227^2004 (4)

Ahpamada Form - 5

" r & o r * Z if
;

rmwdum (2)a&mif

Ahpamada Form - 6

" r & o r * Z if
;

aus;Zl;awmf&iS w
f kd\h

E-mail:mts@mptmail.net.mm

t,f'DwmcsKyf
jroef;pH

wm0efcHt,f'Dwm
vGijf idr;f ?oef;xdu
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aus;Zl;pum;

tzGJY0ift,f'Dwm
OD;atmifoef;

'DZdkif;zGJYpnf;rI
yef;psmef

tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;
a':od *rdk;

rsufESmzHk;yef;csD
udak usmfrif;armif

twGif;yef;csD

yHkEdSyfrSwfwrf; (2)a&mif

ukdarmifarmifokduf? q&mausmf?aZmfrif;?
udkausmfodkuf? yef;psmef? yef;csDa&Tpkd;[ef

jyifyqufoG,fa&;

rsKd;aZmfatmif? aZmfrif;

uGefysLwmpmpD
eef;pef;rmcsKd? auckdifrif;rif;xGef;

+ pmnTef; urmhAk'omoemjyK csrf;ajrYq&mawmf

xkwfa0ol ESifh jzefYcsda&;(yif&if;)

OD;jroef;pH (NrJ-03881)
tyrm'pmpOf
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'*HkNrdKUopfajrmufykdif;? &efukefNrdKU/
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yHkESdyfol
OD;armifarmifvS (05745)
a&TEdkifiHyHkESdyfwkduf?
trSwf-90(pD)?
urmat;bk&m;vrf;?&efukefNrdKU/

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tkyaf &-8000? wefzdk;-(450)usyf
pmrlcGifhjyKcsuf
- 249^2004 (4)
rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuf - 227^2004 (4)

ukodkvf? tukodkvf

]]raumif;wmudk rjyKvkyfeJY/

aumif;wm[lorQ

jyKvkyf}}
]]raumif;wmqdw
k m b,f[mvJ/ aumif;wmqkw
d m
b,f[mvJ}}
]]tjypf&Sdwm[m raumif;rI/ tjypfr&Sdwm[m
aumif;rI}}
]]tjypfqw
kd m bmvJ/ rdru
d jkd zpfap? olwpfyg;udjk zpfap
xdcu
kd &f if tjypf/ rdro
d w
l pfyg; ESpOf ;D om;rSm b,foUl udrk Q
rxdcu
kd w
f m[m tjypfr[kw}f }
b,foUl ukrd Q rxdcu
dk af om tvkyo
f nf tjypfr&Sd
aomaMumihf aumif;rIuo
k v
kd /f
wpfO;D OD;udk xdcu
kd af om tvkyo
f nf tjypf&adS om
aMumihf raumif;rI tukov
kd }f }

Ahpamada Form - 7

" r & o r * Z if
;

tvkyw
f idk ;f uHrajrmuf
uHe,f rusOf;apeJY

bke;f BuD;wdYk y&dowf rsufjcnf rjywfygapeJ/Y tckajymae

wmu uH uH&UJ tusdK;udk ajymaewmyg/ bke;f BuD;wdYk wcsKdU Ak'
bmomawGu,
kd w
f ikd f uHvaYkd jymvdu
k &f if pdwu
f b,fa&mufomG ;
ovJqakd wmh tJ .[t
kd wdwb
f 0awGqu
D o
kd m a&mufomG ;w,f/
[dk .a&S;a&S; b0awGu jyKcJw
h hJ aumif;rI raumif;rIawGuo
kd m
uHvYkd ,lqMuw,f/ tJ'D aumif;rI? raumif;rIawGaMumifyh J
'Db0rSm aumif;usdK;? raumif;usdK;awG &w,f/ 'DavmufyJ
e,fusO;f usO;f uav;yJ odMujrifMuw,f/ 'g bmaMumihv
f q
J akd wmh
uHeYJ uH&UJ tusdK; obm0udk &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif; oabmraygufMu
vkYdygyJ/
taMumif;&S&d if tusdK;jzpf&r,f? tusdK;ay:&w,f/ 'g
avmu&JUobm0yJ? 'g (Law of cause and effect) avmu&JU
taMumif;tusdK;obm0[m 'Dtwkid ;f yJ/
odkYaomfvnf; wpfckowdjyK&rSmu taMumif;aMumihf
tusdK;jzpfw,fqw
kd m &Hzef&cH grSm taMumif;jzpfay:NyD; tcsdef
trsm;BuD;MumrS tusdK;jzpfay:w,f/
taMumif;tm;aumif;&if csufcsif; tusKd;jzpfay:NyD;awmh
taMumif;tm;ao;&if tcsdeMf umrSyJ tusdK;jzpfay:r,f/
'Dae&mrSm bke;f BuD;wdYk bmawGU&ovJ/
(1) tckvyk w
f hJ uH taMumif;w&m;aMumihf tck tusdK;&wm
vnf; awGU&w,f/
(2) 'Db0rSm tckvyk w
f hJ uH taMumif;w&m;aMumifh
'Db0twGi;f rSmyJ aemifwpfcsdecf sderf mS tusdK;&w,f
qdw
k mvnf; od&w,f/
(3) 'Db0rSm vkyw
f hJ uH taMumif;w&m;aMumihf 'Db0rSm
tusdK;ay;zdYk tcsdef r&vku
kd w
f t
hJ wGuf aoNyD;aemuf
wpfcsdecf sderf mS tusdK;jzpfay:&wmvnf; &Sw
d ,fvYkd awGU&
w,f/

ud,
k Ef w
I pf w
d jf zihf jyKvkyaf omf
vnf; jyKvkyw
f idk ;f uHrjzpfay/uHt&m
rajrmufay/ taumif;tqd;k &nf&,
G f
csuf wpfcck jk zifw
h uf<uxufoefaom
pdwf OD;aqmifvsuf jyKvkyrf o
S m uH
t&m ajrmuf uH[k ac:onf/
tJ'DtvkyfxJrSm aumif;wJh
&nf&,
G cf suf? qd;k wJ&h nf&,
G cf suf wpf
ckck yg&r,f/ tJ'v
D kd aumif;wJ&h nf&,
G f
csuf? qd;k whJ &nf&,
G cf suf wpfcck yk gNyD;
awmh tJ't
D vkyu
f kd vkyzf &Ykd m xufoef
wJhpdwf &Sd&r,f/ tJ'D t*FgESpfyg;eJY
jynfhpHkwJh tvkyfrSomvQif uHt&m
ajrmufw,f/ tvkyq
f w
kd idk ;f uHt&m
rajrmufbl;aemf/
uHt&m rajrmufbl;qdkwm
xl;jcm; xif&mS ;wJt
h usdK;udk jzpfay:ap
Ekid w
f hJ tajctae r&Sb
d ;l vdYk qdv
k ykd g
w,f/
uHt&m ajrmufw,f qdw
k m
xl;jcm; xif&mS ;wJt
h usdK;udk jzpfay:ap
Ekdifavmufatmif tiftm;jynfhwJh
taMumif;w&m;tjzpf a&mufw,fvYkd
qdv
k ykd gw,f/ usr;f *efrsm;rSmawmh ur
yxajrmufw,fvdkY oHk;EIef;avh&Sdyg
w,f/
wuf<uxufoefaom pdwf
udk apwemvdYk ac:w,f/
,if; wuf<uxufoef aom
pdwo
f abm apwemonf ud,
k ?f EIw?f
pdwt
f vkyrf sm; jzpfay:jcif;\taMumif;
&if;tajccHjzpf\/xdaYk Mumihx
f akd pwem
(wuf<uaom pdwo
f abm)udk jrwfpmG
bk&m;u ]uH}[k emrnf wyfawmfr\
l /

Ahpamada Form - 8

" r & o r * Z if
;

t&d,m0gow&m;awmf
r[mpnfq&mawmf
(,cifvrStquf)

&[ef;ESprf sKd;
bd u K -&[ef ; qk d w m
okwe af 'oemawmft& bduK &[ef;vnf; &Sw
d ,f? 0denf;t&
bduK &[ef;vnf; &Sw
d ,f? okwe f
a'oemt&uawmh ]oHoma&
b,H uww
D d bduK }vkYd qkw
d hJ
twkid ;f oHo&mab;ukd IjrifwhJ
yk*Kd vf[m bduK ygyJ? 'gaMumifh
t|uxmrsm;rSmy#dyEaum [d a'a0g
0g a[mwk rEkam 0g bduLwd

ocs * p w d v k d Y red q
Yf x
kd m;ygw,f/
a'a0g 0g a[mwk? ewf
yJjzpfap/ rEkam 0g? vlyJjzpf
ap/ y#dyEaum? w&m;udkusifh
aomolonf/ bduLwd ocs?
&[ef;[laom a&wGufjcif;okdY/
*pwd-a&mufygw,fwJh/ ewfyJ
jzpfap? vlyjJ zpfap? oHo&mab;
ukd ajrmfjrifNyD;awmh oHo&mu
vGwaf jrmuf&atmifvYdk w&m;usihf
oH;k ae&if tJ'yD *k Kd vf[m bduK -

rnfygowJ?h wpfenf;tm;jzifah wmh

udavao bdEwDwd bduKwJ?h
udavomawGudk zsuq
f ;D wwf&if
bduKrnfygw,fwJh/
w&m;usifo
h ;kH aewJo
h rl mS
udavomawGu ysufp;D oGm;Mu
w,f? rusih&f ifawmh udavom
awGu rysupf ;D bl;?wk;d yGm;oefprG ;f
aew,f? usi&hf ifawmh udavom
awG[m enf;enf;usif&h if enf;
enf;ysufw,f? rsm;rsm;usifh&if

Ahpamada Form - 9

rsm;rsm;ysuw
f ,f? tjynft
h pHu
k sihf
vkduf&ifawmh udavomawG
tukev
f ;kH ysufNyD; &[EmjzpfomG ;
w,f/ 'gaMumifh tm;xkwu
f siBhf uH
aewJo
h [
l m oDvukd apmifx
h ed ;f
usifhoHk;aevQif oDveJYqkdifwJh
0Dwu
d r udavomawGudk zsuq
f ;D
aeonf rnfw,f/ 0Dwu
d r ud
avomqkw
d m owfr?I ck;d rI? vdrf
rI paom tusifhysufrIawGukd
usL;vGew
f hJ avmb?a'gopaom
udavomawGygyJ? oDvuku
d sifh
ae&if tJ't
D Murf;qH;k udavom
awGudk zsuq
f ;D aeonfrnfw,f?
orm"d bm0emtusifu
h dk usifh
ae&if orm"deq
YJ idk w
f hJ y&d,|k mef
udavomawGudk zsuq
f ;D aeonf
rnfw,f? y&d,|k mef udavom
qkw
d m pdwu
f ;l BuHpnfNy;D jzpfaewJh
avmb? a'gopaom udavom
awGygyJ? orm"dukd yGm;rsm;ae&if
tJ'D tvwfpm; y&d,|k mefuad v
omawGudk zsufq;D aeonf rnf
w,f? 0dyem ynm bm0em
ukd yGm;rsm;ae&ifawmh ynmeJY
qkid w
f hJ tEko, udavomawG
ukd zsufqD;aeonf rnfw,f?
tEko,udavomqkw
d m taMumif;
nDw
G w
f ikd ;f ? tcGi&hf wkid ;f jzpfay:
vmEkid w
f hJ avmb? a'gopaom
udavomawGygyJ? 0dyemIae
&if pdww
f idk ;f ? pdww
f idk ;f Irw
S cf suf
wkid ;f rSm tJ'D tEko,udavom
awGudk zsuq
f ;D aeonf rnfw,f?
Oyrm-yJuGyfrsm;ESifh opfom;ukd
ckwcf w
k Nf y;D awmh a&GUae&if tcsuf
wkid ;f ? tcsuw
f idk ;f rvkw
d o
hJ pfom;
zwfuav;awG zwfceJ?zwfceJ

" r & o r * Z if
;

uGmuGmusaeovkdyJ? wpfenf;
Oyrmuawmh ajrBu;D ukd aygufjym;
eJY aygufaevQif aygufwidk ;f ayguf
wkdif; ajrBuD;rSm tvTmtvTmeJY
uGmuGmNyD;awmh xGufxGufvm
w,f? tJ'gvkyd gyJ? 'Gg&ajcmufyg;
uay:wkid ;f ay:wkid ;f kyef mrfawG
ukd Irw
S af e&if Iwidk ;f ? Iwidk ;f
udavomawG uGmuGmNyD;awmh
ususoG m ;ygw,f ? 'gaMumif h
0dyemynmukd yGm;aewJo
h [
l m
Iwidk ;f Iwidk ;f udavomukd zsuq
f ;D
aeonf rnfw,f? 'gaMumifh ud
avao-udavomwku
Yd ?dk bdEwd
zsuq
f ;D wwf\? wd-xkaYd Mumif?h
bduK-bduKrnfygw,f-&[ef;
rnfygw,fw?hJ 'guawmh okwe f
&[ef;yJ/
0denf;bduK -0denf;&[ef;
uawmh 0d e nf ; awmf E S i f h t nD
ouFe;f 0wfNy;D aumif;aumif;usihf
aewJh t&Sijf rwfawGygyJ?tJ'0D ed nf;
&[ef;awGuawmh jrwfpmG bk&m;
vufxufuqk&d if jrwfpmG bk&m;
ukd,fawmfwkdif {[dbduKac:NyD;
&[ef;jyKay;xm;wmawGvnf;&Sd
w,f? tjcm;enf;eJY &[ef;jyKay;
xm;wmawGvnf; &Sw
d ,f?trsm;qk;H
uawmh oHCmawmfu ur0geJY
&Gwzf wfNy;D &[ef;jyKay;xm;wm
awGyJ rsm;ygw,f? ,ck&adS eMuwJh
&[ef;awmfawG[m tJ'D ur0g
&[ef;awGcsnf;ygyJ? 'DokwfrSm
awmh okwe b
f u
d K ukd &nf&,
G yf g
w,f? 'DokwefbduKuawmh
ur0geJY &[ef;jyKxm;onfjzpfap?
jyKrxm;onfjzpfap? w&m;usifh
aewJh yk*Kd vftm;vH;k ukd bduK vkYd

ac:&ygw,f/ 'DokwefbduKu
vlom;wGirf ubl;? ewfawGjA[m
awGvnf; ygw,f/
'gaMumifh "-om
oemawmf? bduK -&[ef;onf?
bduK -oHo&mab;ukd Ijrifaom
yk*Kd vfonf? bduK -udavomukd
zsufqD;wwfaom yk*dKvfonf?
yO*0dy[
aD em-t*Fgig;yg;ukd y,f
NyD;onf? a[mwd-jzpf\wJ/h

t&d,m0gow&m; 10-yg;
acgif;pOf
t*Fgig;yg;ukd y,fwm[m
t&d,m0gowpfc?k t&d,mwk\
Yd
aetdrw
f pfcw
k ?hJ 'guawmh acgif;
pOfrYdk twkcd sKyfy&J adS o;w,f?aemuf
tus,f a [mwJ h tcgusawmh
oabmaygufem;vnfMuygvdrfh
r,f? avmurSm vlawG[m ab;
&ef vkNH cHKatmif tdraf wGaqmuf
Ny;D awmh aexkid Mf uw,f? wwfEidk f
wJv
h al wGu tdrBf uD;tdraf umif;
awG aqmufMuw,f? rk;d uav;rS
vHyk gapawmh? avuav;rS um
uG,yf gapawmh &nf&,
G Nf yD;awmh
"eduav;? zufuav;eJ?Y 0g;uyf
uav;awGeYJ awmfovkd rk;d umNy;D
awmh tawmftoifh tdru
f av;
awG aqmufMuw,f? tcsKdUtdrf
rsm; rk;d avawmif aumif;aumif;
rvH&k mS Mubl;? wwfEidk w
f v
hJ al wG
uawmh vHv
k NkH cHKNcHKtdrBf uD; tdrf
aumif;awGukd opfom;eJYvnf;
aqmufMuw,f? tkwt
f *FaweYJ
vnf; aqmufMuw,f? aumif;
onfxuf aumif;atmifaqmuf
aeMuygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd tdrfawG

Ahpamada Form - 10

aqmufNyD; aexkdifMuwm bm
twGufwHk;qdkawmh ab;&eftE
&m,f vHNk cHKatmifvyYdk gyJ/ tdrrf &Sd
bJeYJ uGi;f jyifrmS ae&if aeylwt
hJ cg
vnf; ylNyD; 'kua &mufr,f?rk;d &Gm
wJt
h cg rk;d pkNd yD; 'kua &mufr,f?
avwku
d w
f t
hJ cgvnf; avxdNyD;
'kua &mufr,f?tJ'gaMumifh ruse;f
rrm emzsm;NyD; aoonftxd
'kua&mufoGm;Ekdifw,f? 'gwGif
vnf; ruao;ygbl;? jcif? rSuf
awGvnf; ukdufEkdifw,f? a>r?
uif;ponfvnf; uku
d Ef idk w
f ,f?
vlq;dk ? olq;dk awG rvkrd ek ;f wD;ae
wJh vlawGuvmNy;D awmh du
k Ef u
S f
ESyd pf ufr,f? owfjzwfr,fq&dk if
vnf ; tumtuG , f r &S d a wmh
vG,faewmaygh? tzsif;qHk;tm;
jzifh wpfpw
kH pfa,mufu cJjzpfjzpf?
wkwfjzpfjzpf? t&rf;ypfvkduf&if
tJ't
D umtuG,rf &Sw
d hJ uGi;f jyif
xJ aewJv
h u
l dk rawmfrqxdreS f
Ny;D 'kua &mufapygw,f/'gaMumifh
'Dab;tE&m,fawG vHNk cHKatmif
vkYd tdraf wGaqmufNyD; aexkid Mf u
&wmyJ/
oHo&mrSmvnf; 'Dvydk gyJ?
t&d,m0goqkw
d hJ ab;&efvNkH cKH wJh
tdrrf &S&d if awGUEkid w
f ahJ b;&efawG
trsm;BuD;&Syd gw,f? ckeuajymcJw
h hJ
ab;&efawGxufvnf; BuD;us,f
ygw,f? ckeuajymcJw
h hJ aeylwm?
rk;d &Gmwm? jcifru
S u
f u
dk w
f m? cJreS f
wmqkdwmawGu bmrQrajymy
avmufao;ygbl;/ a>ruku
d w
f ,f?
&efoal wGuvmNyD; du
k Ef u
S o
f wf
jzwfw,fqw
kd mawGvnf; oHo&m
ab;awGeJY pmMunfh&if bmrQ

" r & o r * Z if
;

rBuD;us,fao;bl;vkdY qkd&r,f?
bmaMumifv
h q
J &dk if tJ'aD vmu
ab;awG qkw
d muawmh ,ckwpf
b0wnf;om 'kuay;Ekdifw,f?
aemufb0awGrSmvkdufNyD; 'ku
ray;Ekid b
f ;l ? oHo&mab;awG qkd
wmuawmh wpfoo
H &mvH;k avQmuf
NyD;awmh 'kuay;oGm;Ekdifygw,f?
tifrwefvnf; BuD;us,yf gw,f?
b,favmufBuD;us,fovJq&dk if
tyg,fav;yg;ukv
d nf; usomG ;Ekid f

pd w f u vnf ; ud a vom
t&Sio
f cifawG&UJ vufxrJ mS
vGwfajrmuf&r,f? tJ'Dvkd
vGwfajrmufwmukd odwJh
mPfynmeYJvnf; jynfhpHk&
r,fw?hJ 'Dt&d,m0gow&m;
2-yg;uawmh wpf q uf
wnf; wGJvsufygyJ? pdwfu
aumif;pGm vGwfajrmufomG ;
vQif tJ'DvGwfoGm;wmukd
qifjcifNyD; odwhJ mPfynm
uvnf; wpfygwnf;jzpf
ay:awmh wmygyJ/aqmify'k f
u]]pd w f a umif ; pG m vG w f ?
ynmvG w f ? rcRwf * k P f
q,fyg;}}wJh

ygw,f/ tyg,fav;yg;xJu i&J

usa&mufNy;D awmh tESpo
f ed ;f aygif;
rsm;pGm? oef;aygif;rsm;pGm? uka#
aygif;rsm;pGm 'kua&mufoGm;Ekdif
w,f? Nydwm jzpfNyD;awmhvnf; 'D
vkyd ?J tESpf ode;f oef;uka#aygif;

10

rsm;pGm 'kua&mufoGm;Ekdifw,f?
wd&pmefjzpfNyD;awmhvnf; 'Dvydk ?J
'kua wG trsm;BuD;a&mufomG ;Ekid f
w,f? vlYb0rSm qkdygOD;awmh?
atmufwef;uswhJ b0? qif;&JwhJ
b0awGrmS jzpfaew,fq&dk if &SmrS;D
&vkdY? olwpfyg;tESdyfpufcH&vkdY
ponfjzifh 'kuawGtrsm;BuD;
a&mufomG ;Ekid w
f ,f?<u,f0csr;f om
wJh b0rSmjzpfjyefawmhvnf; b0
wkid ;f ? b0wkid ;f tk&d ? em&?ao&
ponfjzifh qif;&J'u
k a wG trsm;
BuD; a&mufoGm;Ekdifao;wmyJ?
'gawG[m oHo&mab;awGygyJ?
t&d,m0goqkw
d hJ t&d,maetdrf
eJY raeEkid w
f o
hJ al wG[m 'Doo
H &m
ab;awGeYJ xyfwvJvaJ wGUaeMu
&w,f? t&d,m0gow&m;awGudk
yGm;rsm;NyD;awmh t&d,maetdrrf mS
aeMuwJh bk&m;? &[Em? yk*Kd vf
awGrmS 'Dab;awGu vGwaf jrmuf
ukeMf uNyD? 'gaMumifh tJ'o
D o
H &m
ab;awG vHNk cHKwJh t&d,m0go
t&d , mwk d Y \ aetd r f B uD ; uk d
aqmufvyk Nf y;D awmh pdwcf svufcs
aeMu&atmifvYdk jrwfpmG bk&m;u
'D t&d,m0gow&m;awmfBuD;ukd
a[mawmfrlwmwJh/

1-2-t&d,m0go
"-omoemawmf?
bduK -&[ef;onf? bduK -oHo
&mab;ukd Ijrifaom yk*Kd vfonf?
bduK -udavomukd zsuq
f ;D wwf
aom yk*Kd vfonf-yO*0F yd [
aD em
t*Fgig;yg;ukd y,fNy;D onf?a[mwd
jzpf\/
t*Fgig;yg;ukd y,f&r,f?

Ahpamada Form - 11

y,fNyD;jzpfatmif usif&h r,f?tJ'g

[m eHygwf 1-t&d,m0go?t&d
,mwk\
Yd aetdryf v
J Ydk qkv
d w
dk ,f?
t*Fgig;yg; y,fyu
Hk awmh tus,f
a[mwJhtcg xif&Sm;ygvdrfhr,f?
,ckawmh t*Fgig;yg;qkw
d m bm
awGygvdr?hf b,fvydk ,f&rSmygvdrhf
rvJvYdk awG;xm;ESiMhf u&r,f?tJ'D
vkd awG;ESi&hf atmifvyYdk J jrwfpmG
bk&m;u 'Dacgif;pOfuav;awGudk
ay;xm;wm? NyD;awmh 'kwd,
t&d,m0go-t&d,mwd\
Yk aetdrf
eHygwf 2-uawmhqV*ForEuawm-t*Fg
ajcmufyg;ESifh jynfhpHkonfvnf;?
a[mwd-jzpf\wJ?h t*Fgajcmufyg;
ESiv
hf nf; jynfph &kH r,f?jynfph akH tmif
usif&h r,f/ tJ'D t*Fgajcmufyg;eJY
jynfhpHkwmvnf; t&d,m0got&d,mwk\
Yd aetdrBf uD;wpfcyk gyJ
wJ?h avmurSm tdraf qmufawmh
tdrrf mS tpdwt
f ydik ;f awGu trsm;
BuD;yJ&Sdygw,f/ wkdifwkdY? xkyf?
avsmuf? 'kid ;f ? jrm;wk?Yd trd;k wk?Yd
tcif;wk?Yd tumwk?dY wHcg;ayguf?
jywif;ayguf ponfjzifh trsm;BuD;
ygyJ? tkwfwkdufqkd&if tkwfjrpf
tajccHvnf; tdr\
f tpdwt
f ykid ;f
ygyJ? NyD;awmh tcef;qD;wk?Yd "mwf
rD;yGiw
hf Ydk ponfjzifv
h nf; trsm;
BuD;yJ &Syd gw,f? tJ'D vlaetdrf
rSm tpdwt
f ykid ;f awG trsm;BuD;
&So
d vkyd J 'Dt&d,m0go-t&d,m
wk\
Yd aetdrrf mS vnf; tpdwt
f
ykid ;f t*Fgajcmufc&k w
dS ,f? tJ't
D *Fg
ajcmufcek YJ jynfph &kH r,fw/hJ

" r & o r * Z if
;

3-t&d,m0go

eHygwf-3 t&d,m0go
w&m;uawmh{um&aum-wpfcak om
tapmift
h a&Smuf&o
dS nf? a[mwd
jzpf\whJ/
tapmifhta&Smufwpfck
vnf; &S&d r,fw?hJ tJ'g bmaMumifh
xm;&ovJqkd&if ab;&efvHkNcHK
atmifvYdk xm;&wmygyJ/ t&d,m
0go aetdru
f vnf; tJ'gvkyd gyJ?
udavomab;&efawG vHNk cKH atmif
vkYd tapmift
h a&Smuf wpfc&k &dS yg
w,f/ 'gavmufq&dk if aqmify'k f
uav;wpfck pHo
k mG ;NyD? ]]ig;tif
y,fav? *kPaf jcmufaxG? pHak p
apmifhwpfyg;}}wJh? 'Dvkdaqmifyk'f
uav; ay;xm;&wmu ygVd
rwwfwJh yk*dKvfawGtwGuf
tvG,w
f uleYJ rSwx
f m;Ekid af tmif
vkYd acgif;pOfuav; ay;xm;&yg
w,f/ tJ'gukd qkMd u&r,f/
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ajcmufaxG?pHak papmifw
h pfyg;}}qk/d
t*Fgig;yg;ukd y,f&r,f
qkdwmu t&d,m0go-t&d,m
wk\
Yd aetdrw
f pfc?k *kPaf jcmufyg;
ESihf jynfph &kH r,fqw
dk mu t&d,m
0go-t&d,mwd\
Yk aetdrw
f pfc?k
tapmift
h a&Smufwpfyg;eJY jynfph kH
&r,fqw
dk mu t&d,m0go-t&d
,mwk\
Yd aetdrw
f pfc?k tm;vH;k
aygif; acgif;pOfuav; 3-ckawmh
NyD;oGm;NyD/

4-5-t&d,m0go
eHygwf 4-t&d,m0go
w&m;uawmh-

11

pwk&myaaem-av;
yg;aom rS&D m&So
d nf? a[mwdjzpf\wJ?h rS&D m 4-ckvnf;&S&d r,f
wJ?h 'guvnf; t&d,m0gowpfck
yJ? Ny;D awmh eHygwf 5-t&d,m0go
uawmhyPkEyapuoapm-t
oD;oD;aom opm0g'ukd y,fNyD;
onf? a[mwd-jzpf\wJ?h avmu
rSm Ak'o
moemawmftjyifbuf
u bmom t,l0g'awGqw
dk m
trsm;BuD;&Sw
d ,f/ uk,
d t
hf ,l0g'
eJu
Y ,
dk ?f ud,
k [
hf mrS rSew
f ,fvYdk
csnf; ,lqajymqkad eMuygw,f/
wu,f obm0"reYJ csed x
f ;dk Munfh
vku
d &f ifawmh rSew
f mvnf; r[kwf
bl;? trSm;awGcsnf;yJ? tJ'Dvkd
rdpm t,l0g'awG[m ol[
Y meJo
Y l
rSew
f ,fvYdk ,lqajymqkad eMuwJh
twGuf tJ'gawGudk yapuopoD;oefY opmawGvkdY qkdxm;yg
w,f/ tJ'D oD;oefYopmqkdwJh
rdpm 0g'awGuv
dk nf; y,fNyD;jzpf&
r,fw?hJ 'gvnf; t&d,m0gowpf
cky?J 'gaMumifh acgif;pOfaqmify'k f
rSm ]]av;&yfrSDum? y,f&Sif;&m?
opmoD;oefrY sm;}}vkYd qkx
d m;w,f?
tJ'gukd qkMd u&r,f/
]]av;&yfrSDum? y,f&Sif;
&m? opmoD;oefYrsm;}} qk/d

6-7 t&d,m0go
eHygwf 6-t&d,m0go
w&m;uawmh-or0,a|oaem
&SmrS;D rItvH;k pHu
k dk tukeyf ,fpeG NYf yD;
onf? a[mwd-jzpf\wJh? 'Dyk'f
uawmh ygVdukdu tawmfcuf

Ahpamada Form - 12

w,f? oHwpfy'k +f t0,wpfy'k +f

oa| wpfy'k +f {oem wpfy'k ?f 'D
av;yk'u
f dk aygif;pyfxm;w,f? oH
qkw
d mu aumif;pGmwJ?h t0,qkd
wmu vkad vao;r&Sd tjynft
h pHk
tuket
f pifw?hJ oa|qkw
d mu pGeYf
y,ftyfNyD;NyDw?hJ {oemqkw
d mu
&SmrSD;jcif;wJh? aygif;vkdufawmh
or0,oa|oaem-&SmrS;D rItvH;k
pHu
k dk tukeyf ,fpeG NYf yD; jzpfygw,f
wJh? &SmrSD;ae&ao;w,fqkd&if
rjynfhpHkao;vkdYyJ? &SmrSD;rIawGukd
tukeyf ,fpeG NYf y;D Ny?D r&Sm&awmhb;l
vkdYqkd&if vdkavao;r&Sd tpp
t&m&m tukev
f ;kH jynfph akH evkaYd ygh?
'gaMumifh 'Dt&d,m0goaetdru
f
vnf; tifrwefaumif;ygw,f/
eHygwf 7-t&d,m0go
w&m;uawmh taem0dvouFayg
raemufusKaom tBuHtpnf&Sd
onf/ a[mwd-jzpf\wJ?h pdwu
f ;l
BuHpnfraI wG[mvnf; aemufusK
jcif;r&SdbJ tcgcyfodrf; oefY&Sif;
MunfvifNy;D pifMu,fae&r,fw?hJ
'Dt&d,m0go aetdrv
f nf; tif
rwefaumif;ygw,f/

8 -t&d,m0go
eHygwf 8-t&d,m0go
w&m;uawmh-y'um,ocFg
a&m-Nidrf;aom um,ocFg&&Sd
onf? a[mwd-jzpf\wJ?h um,
ocFg&qkw
d m 'Dae&mrSm xGuo
f uf
0ifoufukdac:w,f? 'gaMumifh
xGufouf0ifouf csKyfNidrf;wJh
pwkwp smefEiS v
hf nf; jynfph akH tmif
tm;xkw&f r,fvYdk qkv
d ydk gw,f/
'guawmh jynfph &kH if omNy;D aumif;

" r & o r * Z if
;

vkYd Tejf yxm;wmygyJ? vk&d if;u

awmh udavomukecf ef;Ny;D &[Em
jzpfzu
Ydk vk&d if;ygyJ? bmaMumifv
h J
qkad wmh tcsdKU&[Emyk*Kd vfawGrmS
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wpfcu
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qk/d

9-10-t&d,m0go
eHygwf 9-10 t&d,m
0go w&m;awGuawmh ok0rd w
k
pdawm-aumif;pGm vGwfaom
pdw&f o
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k y anm-aumif;
pGmvGwaf om ynm&So
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&So
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uvnf; udavomt&Sifocif
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r,f? tJ'v
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vsuyf gyJ? pdwu
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ukd qifjcifNyD; odwhJ mPfynm
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wmygyJ/aqmify'k u
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pGmvGw?f ynmvGw?f rcRwf*P
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qdk/

12

t&d,m0gow&m; 10yg; acgif;pOfuawmh pHo

k mG ;NyD?tJ'D
q,fyg;aom w&m;awGudk b,f
olu a[mcJo
h vJqv
dk Qif omref
yk*Kd vfa[mxm;wm r[kwyf gbl;?
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xm;cJhwJh w&m;awmfawGygyJ?
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jrwfb&k m;}}wh/J tJ'gukd qkMd u&
r,f/
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t&d,m0gow&m;awmf
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k mG ;NyD?
tao;pdwf tus,fa[mzkdYyJvkd
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y,fav}}vkYd qkw
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'gayr,fh y#dywu
d r - usiphf Oft&
tm;jzifh qkv
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a[mrS omNyD; em;vnfv,
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w,f? 'gaMumifh bke;f BuD;u ]]ig;
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apapmifw
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xJu tapmifw
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kH
pNyD;awmh a[mr,f/

aemufvqufzwfyg&ef

Ahpamada Form - 13

" r & o r * Z if
;

'kurSef;odrS
'kuy,fvkdY&
r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmf
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'kuu
dk 'kur eS ;f odzYdk vkw
d ,f/ 'kuu
kd 'kur eS ;f rod&if
wkw
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'kuo
rd v
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dk y,fv&Ydk wmAs/ tJ'D
'kur mS vnf; wkaYd jymaeustwkid ;f qk&d if qif;&JvYdk
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k x
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ow0gwkdif;aygh/ 0efxkyfBuD;oHk;xkyfukd
tNrJwrf;xrf;oGm;ae&w,fwJh/
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wkt
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umr0efxyk f qkdwmvnf; tNrJwrf;
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cEm0efxkyfukdvnf; tNrJwrf;
xrf;oGm;ae&w,fwJh/
13

Ahpamada Form - 14

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k x
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l b,fEh ,
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" r & o r * Z if
;

wlyAJ s/ xGuv
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aewJh okcrSeo
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jzpfwo
hJ ck wkrYd mS r&Sad o;bl;/ wkBYd udKufvaYdk umif;wJh
okcyJ wkrYd mS &Sad o;w,f/ wkBYd udKufvYdk okcvkYd owfrw
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k w
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14

Ahpamada Form - 15

" r & o r * Z if
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vnf; ysufvu
dk af erSmyJAsm/ &xm;u txufwef;
wGBJ uD;awGeYJ vku
d v
f Ydk b,fEh ,
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f ;kH }}
]]ysufvkdufaeygw,fbk&m;}}
]]ysuv
f u
dk af erSmAsm;/ tysuu
f b,fawmhrS
rqH;k bl;Asm/ tJ'rD mS Zmwd'u
k & ,f? Asm"d'u
k & ,f?
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k a wGtrsm;BuD;?
tJ'g rjrifao;orQ wk'Yd u
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r,f/ [kd vlab; olab;'kuu
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Y mwmjrifwmaygh/ tjyif'u
k
jrifEidk w
f ,f/ twGi;f 'kur jrifEidk b
f ;l / tJ'D tdr&f iS f
'kuukd rjriforQumvywfvHk; ig&dSw,fyJxifae
w,f/ igvkyw
f m t[kwyf J xifaeOD;rSmyJ/ [kw&f UJ
vm;Asm}}
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]]tJ'x
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bmawGvyk v
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jzpfr,fAs/ tJ'aD wmh vlwidk ;f vlwidk ;f wk'Yd rD mS vlajym
&rSmayghav/ ow0gwkid ;f aygh/ 0efxyk Bf uD;oH;k xkyu
f dk
tNrw
J rf;xrf;oGm;ae&w,fw/hJ udavom0efxyk Bf uD;
uvnf; wkt
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pdwx
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wpfcw
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csDwckH swHjk zpfae&if wku
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csw
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aumif;r,fxifwmvkyfwJh uHawG
wkdYtrsm;BuD;&Sdw,fuG,fh/ NyD;awmh
aumif;r,fxifNyD;vkyfwJh qkd;uHawGvnf;
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umr0efxkyfBuD;? tJ'D umr0efxkyfBuD;vnf;
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um;ay:u vku
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f mvkAYd sm;? oufomvdrrhf ,frxif
eJ/Y ysufvu
dk af ewmAsm;/ av,mOfay:wifac:oGm;

15

Ahpamada Form - 16

wkb
Yd ,fawmhrS rcs&bl;/ tJ'g pdwx
f rJ mS xrf;ae&
w,f/ tdyw
f mawmif rem;&bl;Asm/ arm[pdwef YJ
tdyfwmxifw,fAsm}}
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f m
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f m/ 'DMum;xJ tdyrf uf
uav;eJY avmb? a'gopdwaf wG vmOD;rSmayghav/
ruif;ygbl;Asm/ wkYd udavom0efxyk u
f vnf; wkYd
tNrJwrf; xrf;xm;&w,f/ b,fb0a&mufa&muf
rem;&bl;Asm/ tJ'D udavom0efxyk Bf uD;xrf;ae&wm
ukad &m 'kuv
Ydk xifrvm;}}
]]rxifMuygbl;bk&m;}}
]]uJ .b,fvv
dk yk f 'kuu
ae vGwaf tmif
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f ?hJ
wkYd awG;rI? ajrmfr?I BuHraI v/ tJ-umr0efxyk u
f a&m
wkYd b,ftcsdeef m;&ovJ}}
]]rem;&ygbk&m;}}
]]b,ftcsdefrS rem;&bl;Asm}}
]]tdyaf ysmfaewmawmif 'Dbufuem&if [kd
bufukd ajymif;ay;w,f/ uHawGjyKvkyfaeygao;
w,f/ wko
Yd m rodwm/ rodpw
d ef YJ jyKvkyaf ewmav/
'Dbufanmif;awmh [kb
d ufajymif;w,fxifw,fAs/
wko
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awG;BuHae&wma&m rygbl;vm;Asm}}
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r,fxifwmvkyw
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xrf;aewmxifw,fu,
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umr0efxkyfBuD;vnf; y#dporkyg'ftwkdif;qkd&if
rodru
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kd m owdr&Sw
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Irw
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d ?hJ jzpfysufudk rjrifwhJ onmod
awGreS o
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qHk;yJ/ owdrygbJodwJh todawGav/ NyD;awmh

" r & o r * Z if
;

jzpfysufr?I qifjcifru
I dk rjrifbeJ ?YJ rodbeJ YJ odwhJ
todawGAsm;/ vlajym olajymodxifw,f/ rdcif
zcifrsm;u 'gMuufqv
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0ufqv
dk Ydk odxm;wm/ igwkYd todr[kwaf o;bl;/
tJ'g onmod? vlajym olajymod/ jrefrmjzpfvYdk
'Dvkdajymwm? tJ'Dtaumifukd wkwfjynfjzpf&if
wpfrsKd;ajymOD;rSm/ ukvm;jynfa&muf&if tJ'Daumif
BuD;ukd wpfrsKd;ajymOD;rSm/ [kwf&JUvm;}}
]]rSefygh}}
]]'g jrefrmjynfa&mufv?Ydk 'gBuD;ukd Muuf?
'gBuD;ukd 0ufvaYdk jymwm/ tJ't
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wpfrsK;d ajymr,f/ ukvm;om;orD;jzpf&if wpfrsK;d ajym
&OD;r,f/ tJ'aD wmh wkYd Muuf[,f? 0uf[q
hJ w
dk m
trSeo
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]]r[kwfygbk&m;}}
]]tJ'g wko
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vkYd ac:wm r[kwb
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Ydk ufoufy/J odreI rYJ rS [kwf
yJeAYJ s/ tJ'aD wmh wkYd ppku
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qkw
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pku
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f wnf;u aumufiS ;f rsKd;xJ r[kww
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Mu,f rawmifrh w raMumifrh Mu cHpm;cGirhf &Sb
d ;l /
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au0v 'kuu
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tJ'g 'kuo
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16

Ahpamada Form - 17

Ekid w
f hJ yk*Kd vf? pdu
k u
f dk rxde;f Ekid w
f hJ yk*Kd vf? mOfveG ?f
pdu
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k dk r&&wJeh nf;eJY rw&m;
cHpm;wm/ tJ'g raumif;uHawG xifw,fAsm/ olY
toufowfwmvnf; wkYd rw&m;ojzifh owfwm
xifw,f[Jh}}
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wm tJ'gpdu
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f eG ?f mOfveG af wG ac:w,fAsm;/ tJvdk
rxde;f Ekid v
f ?Ydk tJ'g rodreI YJ aumif;w,fxifNy;D jyKvkyf
wmyJ/ tJ'gvnf; 'kuj zpfz&Ydk m taMumif;&if;r[kwf
bl;vm;}}
]]rSefyghbk&m;}}
]]tJ'D raumif;odeo
YJ ad ewJh 0dnmOfa&m 'ku
jzpfzYdk taMumif;&if;yJ r[kwb
f ;l vm;/ awG;awmae
wmawGav/ tJ'D rodreI YJ ,SOaf ewJh kyef mrfEpS yf g;
qkw
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hJ 0 &aewma&m 'kuj zpfzo
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bl;vm;}}
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f rQ
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tJ'cD pH m;wh?J rSwo
f m;ay;&wJh 'kua wGa&m rygbl;
vm;}}
]]yg ygw,fb&k m;}}
]]ukd,fBudKuf&if xyfcsnf;wvJvJoHk;zkdY
aMumifMh upku
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r&Sdbl;vm;}}
]]&Sdygw,fbk&m;}}
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&if qk;d w,fvYdk qH;k jzwf&wJh 'kua wGa&m r&Sb
d ;l vm;/
tJ'rD mS vnf; trsm;BuD;yJ/ 'D[mawG&w
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rodraI Mumifjh zpfwhJ wPSmuawmh 'kuy q
dk ;dk awmhr,f
xifw,f/ rodraI Mumifjh zpfwhJ Oyg'gefuawmh [dk
bufb0xd oGm;r,fxifw,fAsm/ oGm;a&mAsm/tJ'D
yk*Kd vfwpfa,muf[m Zmwd'u
k b,fawmhuif;rvJ}}
]]ruif;Ekdifygbk&m;}}
]]y#doaEwnfwhJ 'kuu
if;awmhrvm;}}

" r & o r * Z if
;

]]ruif;ygbk&m;}}
]]tJ'D t0dZmyp,m ocFg&/ {0arw
au0v 'kuu
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tJ'gyJ/ pmxJrmS r[kwb
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zl;wHk;}}
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0ifzl;wHk;}}
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vm;/ wkjYd zpfaewmvm;}}
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f rJ mS ygbk&m;}}
]]bk&m;a[mpmtkyfxJrSm cifAsm; t&Sifr&Sd
bl;aygh/ tdrrf mS r&Sb
d ;l aygh/ [kwyf gvdrrhf ,f/ tbk;d tdrf
u y#dpo
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vnf; tNrJxrf;xm;&w,f/ tckvnf; xrf;NyD;oGm;
ae&wm/ BuH&ifBuH? rBuHajymrSmyJ/ vkyfrSmyJ/ vkyf
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17

Ahpamada Form - 18

]]tJ'aD wmh umr0efxyk Bf uD;uvnf; b,f

awmhrS rem;&bl;Asm;/ umr0efxyk f rem;&ovkd cEm
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aMu;wGe;f ay;wH;k / b,fEcS g aemufaz;uke;f ay;wH;k /

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a,mufvmvnf; 'ku/ 'kuc sn;f yJ ajymygrsm;vkYd 'ku
awmfawmfem;&nf0aeNyD/ tJ'aD wmh olwt
Ydk aygif;
tazmfawGar;w,f/ 'kuq
w
dk m bmwH;k / igvnf;
rodb;l aygh/ awmwGi;f om;awG tukev
f u
dk af r;w,f/
rodb;l wJ/h aemufq;kH wpfO;D uae Te;f vku
d w
f ,f/
rif; 'kuo
cd sif&if &aohBuD;qDomG ;/ [kad wmxJrmS
wpfyg;wnf; usifah ewJh &aohBuD;&Sw
d ,f/ tJvadk jym
w,f/ tJ'aD wmh &aohBuD;qD oGm;Ny;D ar;Munfo
h wJ/h
'kuq
w
dk m b,fv[
dk mwH;k }}
]][Jh . 'kuqkdwm qif;&Jwmukdac:w,f/
tJ'aD wmh qif;&Jwmqkw
d m b,fv[
dk mwH;k ar;w,f/
qif;&Jwmqkw
d m raumif;wJh tukov
dk f tusKd;ay;
e,fy,fxu
J dk oGm;NyD; ae&Jxidk &f w
J mukd ajymwm?
[kwf&JUvm;}}
]]rSefyghbk&m;}}
aemufvqufzwfyg&ef

18

Ahpamada Form - 19

" r & o r * Z if
;

o&P*Hk pGrf;tm;,Hk
wdyd#u"& (a,m)q&mawmf

19

o&P*Hk (3)yg;qkdwm
omoemawmfeYJ awGUBuHKwke;f om
oH;k cGi&hf wJh txufwef;pm;yk*Kd vf
rsm;&JU oD;jcm;pGrf;tif &wem
aumif;jzpfygw,f/ ]Ak'H o&PH
*pmrd}qkdwm omoemukd azmf
xkwaf y;wJh yk*Kd vfudk jyw,f/ ]"rH
o&PH *pmrd}qkw
d m omoemukd
jyw,f/ ]oHCH o&PH *pmrd}qkd
wm omoemapmifha&Smufolukd
jyw,f/ o&P*H,
k w
l ,fqw
dk m
uk,
d t
hf oufcEmukd &wemoH;k yg;
xH tyfESHvkdufjcif;yg/ tyfESH&
avmufatmifvnf; &wemoH;k yg;
u t&nftaoG;jynf0h ygw,f/

Ahpamada Form - 20

o&P*Hk[m 'gexuf
tusKd;BuD;ovkd o&P*Ht
k ajccH
wJh 'geu dk;dk;'gexuf ykdNyD;
t&nftaoG; jrifhrm;&ygw,f/
omoemwGi;f rSm o&P*Hw
k nfae
ol [ m aomwmyef j zpf a tmif
tm;xkwfolxJrSm yg0ifoGm;wm
jzpfvYdk ]]txufwef;pm;tvSLcH
yk*Kd vf}}vnf; jzpfomG ;w,f/ vSL
&if tusK;d teEudk jzpfapEkid ?f ay;
pGr;f Ekid w
f hJ tvSLcHjzpfomG ;ygw,f/
o&P*H k a Mumif h tvS L cH a &m?
tvS L ay;ol y g t&nf t aoG ;
awmufajymif&ygw,f/
o&P*Hkukd ykdufqHay;
0,fvYdk r&ygbl;/ o'g? ynm&So
d l
rsm;om &EkdifwJh tcGifhxl;jzpfyg
w,f/ o&P*Hq
k w
dk m &wemvkd
tm;uk;d av;pm;xku
d w
f ?hJ &wemvkYd
todtrSwjf yKvufcEH idk w
f hJ o'g?
ynm jy|mef;wJh aumif;rIprG ;f tm;
ukd ac:wmyg/ o&P*H[
k m rtm;
ayr,f?h ypn;f Opmr&daS yr,fh o'g
ynm&Sdolwkdif; aeYpOf&,lEkdifwJh
pGr;f tm;jzpfygw,f/ tE&m,fum
uG,af &;? uk,
d &f nfu,
dk af oG; wk;d
wufjrifrh m;a&;rSm tpGr;f xufjruf
vSygw,f/ o'g? ynm? wefc;dk
oGi;f ay;Ekid o
f avmuf pGr;f tm;jrifh
rm;vmygw,f/ o&P*Hak Mumifh
vl[m t&Sed t
f 0gwufvm&ygw,f/
o&P*Hk (3)yg;rSm? "r
o&P*Hkqkdwm omoemqkdwJh
w&m;vrf;aMumif;ukd jyw,f/r*f
4-yg;? zkv
d f 4-yg;? edAm ef?y&d,wf

" r & o r * Z if
;

qkw
d hJ w&m; 10-yg;yg/ y&d,wf
ukd ajymvkduf&if y#dywfvnf;
tvkdtavsmuf yg0ifoGm;ygNyD/
"ro&P*Hk[m Ak'o&P*HkeJY
oHCo&P*Hkukdvnf; xifom
jrifomatmif tvif;a&mifay;yg
w,f/ tv,fuae csdecf iG yf rm
csed af y;ygw,f/"ro&P*Hak ysmuf
oGm;&if Ak'e YJ oHCo&P*Hk (2)yg;
[m uG,af ysmufomG ;rSmyg/ Ak'
qkdwm omoemqkdwJh "rvrf;
aMumif;ukd pwifazmfxw
k af y;ol
yg/oHCmqkw
d muawmh omoem
qkw
d hJ vrf;aMumif; ruG,af ysmuf
atmif apmifah &Smufaeolyg? uk,
d f
wkdifvnf; usifhw,f? w&m;r
aysmufatmifvnf; tpOftquf
a[majymykdYcs jzefYa0ay;ygw,f/
t&d,moHCmtxd tmH,
k &l rSm
yg/
bk&m;vufxufu ]wd
o&P*red,}qkdwJh t&Sifjrwf
wpfyg;&dSw,f/ ol[mvGefcJhwJh
(91)urm xufu trsK;d aumif;om;
wpfO;D jzpfpOf ]t&Sief o
d b}rnfwhJ
t*om0uBuD;xH o&P*Hk
aqmufwnfcw
hJ ,f/ tyg,f'*k w
d
ukd aMumufveG ;f vkYd o'g? ynm
vnf; xufoefwmrkYd o&P*Hk
&moufyefNrJcw
Jh ,f/ tyg,fav;
yg;ukd vHk;0ra&mufcJhawmhbl;/
o&P*HkpGrf;tm;aMumifh orm"d
odyaf umif;w,f? mPfxufjruf
NyD; wifw
h ,fvyS w,f? trsm;&JU
av;pm;cH&w,f/ ok*wdb0

20

aumif;rSm txufwef;ucsnf;
usifvnfcJh&NyD; ,ckbk&m;
omoemrSm (7)ESpo
f m; t&G,f
uav;eJY &[Emjzpfc&hJ w,f/
o&P*H&k UJ tusK;d aus;Zl;
[m tvGefBuD;ygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd
&wemoH;k yg;&JU tm;uk;d avmufwhJ
*kPpf rG ;f &nfawGudk tmH,
k Nl y;D uk;d
uG,q
f nf;uyfaqmufwnf&rSmyJ/
*kPpf rG ;f &nfudk tm;uk;d w,f?t&dyf
cdw
k ,f? vufawGUtoH;k csw,f/
ab;&efqif;&JawGudk &wemoH;k
yg;pGrf;&nfawGeJY tumtuG,f
,lw,f? tJ'v
D dk tm;uk;d vkYd um
uG,w
f mukyd J uk;d uG,w
f ,fvYdk qkd
&wmyg/

]tusOf;csKyf rSwf&ef}
w&m;vH;k pH?k tukeo
f jd rif?

bk&m;&Siu
f ?dk Munfvifav;
jrwf? dak oGw?f qnf;uyf
yg\bk&m;/
qif;&Juif;aysmuf? csrf;om
a&mufatmif? pGr;f aqmif
wwfjim;? jrwfw&m;uk?d
av;pm;cspfcif? Munfvif
av;jrwf?dak oGw?f qnf;
uyfyg\bk&m;/
aumif;pGmusifhjim;? &Spfyg;
oHCm?t&d,muk?d aumif;pGm
av;jrwf?dak oGw?f qnf;
uyfyg\bk&m;/

Ahpamada Form - 21

" r & o r * Z if
;

tyrm'"ryHkjyif
trSwfpOf-41

awmf0ifEG,f
21

Ahpamada Form - 22

]]&[ef;rnfonfum; ol
vSLaom t0wf? tpm;? tdy&f m
ae&mukd oH;k aqmifpm;aomuf
csr;f ompGmaexkid &f ayonf/pmay
usr;f *efudk oifMum;vkad omfvnf;
oif & \/ roif v k d v Qif v nf ;
ouFe;f BuD;ukd ajcuef tdyv
f dk
orQ tdyaf eEkid \
f / ]]'g[m trsm;
tjrifrSm&SdwJh &[ef;awmfawG&JU
b0yHMk urf;yg/ 'DyMkH urf;ukd Munfh
Ny;D &[ef;b0qkw
d m ]'gavmufy}J
vkYd xif&ifawmh rSm;ygvdrrhf ,f/
&[ef;qdw
k m ]t&[E}
qkdwJh ygVdu qif;oufvmwJh
a0g[m&wpfckyg/ ukd,f? EIwf?
ESvHk; uH(3)yg;pvHk; jzLpifajzmifh
rwfNy;D &[ef;&Siv
f ?l trsm;jynfol
wku
Yd tdt
k ao &Scd ;dk ylaZmf zl;ajrmf
xk d u f w J h tajctaewpf & yf & J U
trnfemr jzpfygw,f/ pnf;urf;
oDv[m &[ef;awmfawG&UJ ]tvS}
jzpf N yD ; ,Of a us;od r f a rG U rI [ m
&[ef;awmfawG&UJ ]]ajE}}jzpfyg
w,f/ arwmw&m;[m &[ef;
awmfawG&UJ ]]t&dyt
f m0go}}jzpf
NyD;? odum oH;k yg;uawmh &[ef;
awmfb0&JU ]]tESpfom&}}jzpfyg
w,f/
&[ef ; awmf a wG q k d w m
uk,
d w
f idk f ,Ofaus;NyD;? olwpfyg;
awGudk ,Ofaus;apolyg? uk,
d f
wkid f Nird ;f at;Ny;D ? olwpfyg;awGudk
Nidr;f at;apolyg? uk,
d w
f idk v
f w
G f
ajrmufNyD;? olwpfyg;awGudk vGwf
ajrmufapolyg? uk,
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f idk q
f if;&J
uif;NyD;? olwpfyg;awGudk qif;&J
uif;apolyg? uk,
d w
f idk t
f rSef jrif
NyD;? olwpfyg;awGudk trSejf rifap

" r & o r * Z if
;

olyg/ uk,
d w
f idk af umif;rGeNf yD;? ol
wpfyg;awGudk aumif;rGeaf polyg/
uk,
d w
f idk jf rifjh rwfNy;D ? olwpfyg;awG
ukd jrifhjrwfapolyg/
&[ef;awmfawG[m ol
awmfaumif;w&m;&JU bufawmf
om;awGyDyD avmuaemufukd
rvku
d b
f J "raemufuo
dk m tpOf
wpkduf vkduf&ygw,f/ olrsm;
wum uwm? ckew
f mukd tm;us
NyD;? vlb
Y 0ZmwfpifrmS uk,
d w
f idk f
0ifuzkdY BudK;pm;wm[m &[ef;
aumif;awG&UJ tvkyrf [kwyf gbl;/
&[ef;b0qkdwm r*fzkdvfw&m;
awG r&Ekid af o;awmifrS vlb
Y 0
&JU ZmwfIyf? ZmwfxkyfawGukd
MunfNh y;D oHa0*,lz?Ydk b0oHo&m
ukd NiD;aiGUpufqkyfzkdYom jzpfyg
w,f/ ,ckb0rSm edAm efudk rvkd
csifao;&ifawmif aemifedAmef
twGuf taumif;qH;k taxmuf
tyHjh zpfapEkid w
f hJ tawmufajymif
qHk; yg&rDrsKd;aphukd &zkdYqkdwm
&[ef;b0&JU tedrq
Yf ;Hk &nfreS ;f csuf
jzpfygw,f/
&[ef;awmfwpfyg;&JU jrifh
jrwfru
I dk vlom;awG rqkx
d m;eJY
ewfjA[mawGuawmif r,SONf ydKif
Ekid yf gbl;/ trsm;tusKd;? avmu
tusKd;? omoemawmftusKd;ukd
tjrifrh m;qH;k o,fy;dk xrf;aqmif
Ekid rf rI mS vnf; &[ef;awmfb0ukd
vlrif;? ewfrif;? jA[mrif;awG
vku
d rf rDygbl;/ 'gaMumifh &[ef;
aumif;awG[m rdrt
d wGuf jrifh
jrwfr?I trsm;twGuf y&[dwjzpf
rIawGudk iJu
h u
G af jrmfjrifum r*f
zkdvf edAmefukd &nfrSef;EkdifwJh

22

omoemh0efxrf;b0rSm aysmfyu
dk f
arGUavsmfMuygw,f/
'gayr,fh olawmfaumif;
ESv;kH om;eJY tNrJwrf;wHcg;zGix
hf m;
wJh Ak'o
moemawmfrmS &nf&,
G f
csuf trsKd;rsKd;eJY 0ifa&mufvmwJh
vl w ef ; pm; toD ; oD ; aMumif h
&[ef;awmfawG[m yHpk t
H rsKd;rsKd;
xGuaf y:vmum *kP
d ;f toD;oD;
uGjJ ym;cJMh uygw,f/ 'Dvjdk zpf&wm
[m omoemawmf&UJ tjypftem?
csKdU,Gif;csufr[kwfyg/ tpk&SdvkdY
trIay:wm "rwmwpfckjzpfyg
w,f/
b,fO,smOfrLS ;rS yk;d uif;
wJh yef;O,smOfrsKd;ukd rxlaxmif
Ekid o
f vkd b,fv,form;rSvnf;
aygif;jrufuif;wJh v,fuGif;rsKd;
ukd rpku
d yf sKd;Ekid yf gbl;/ ywjrm;rSef
&if jynf w ef y w j rm;awmif r S
tjypftem ruif;wwfygbl;/
avmukw&m&eHYawG oif;ysHUwJh
omoemh yef;O,smOfxrJ mS udav
om aeylrv
d Ydk I;d oGm;wJyh ef;?'kpdu
k f
yk;d awG uku
d v
f Ydk EGr;f oGm;wJh yef;
a<uawG &Sad ewm[m obm0us
ygw,f/ ukov
dk rf sKd;aphudk BuJcs
pku
d yf sK;d zk&Yd m taumif;qH;k v,f,m
jzpfwhJ omoemhajrrSm aygif;jruf
awG xcsifvnf; xygap?aemuf
qH;k rSm uk,
d pf u
dk yf sKd;wmukyd J uk,
d f
&dwfodrf;Mu&rSmyg/
&[ef;b0qkw
d m &cJwhJ
b0wpfckjzpfovkd &usdK;eyfwJh
b0wpfcv
k nf; jzpfygw,f/okar"m
b0eJY a0E&mb0wkdYtMum;
yg&rDc&D;rSm bk&m;tavmif;awmf
awmif (9)b0yJ &[ef;b0&cJh

Ahpamada Form - 23

w,fvYdk qkrd ed cYf su&f ydS gw,f/&[ef;

b0qkw
d m yg&rD (10)yg;? p&d,
(3)yg;ukd tcsdefjynfhjznfhusifh&m
a&mufwmrkdY b0ay;wm0efukd
tjrifjh rwfq;kH ausyGeaf tmifxrf;
aqmifjcif; jzpfovkd wefz;dk t&Sq
d ;kH
avmuaumif;usKd;jyK 0efaqmif
rI vkyif ef;wpfcv
k nf; jzpfygw,f/
ajymr,fqkd&if om;a&Ttkd;xrf;
vmwmudk awGUjrif&wJh b0rsK;d yg/
om;orD;aumif;awGom
rd b awG & J U tarG t ES p f a wG u k d
qufcNH yD; raysmufrysuf&atmif
xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufEkdifovkd
omoemawmf&UJ jrifjh rwfwhJ tarG
tESpaf wGuv
dk nf; &[ef;awmfawG
uom qufcEH idk Nf yD; raysmufr
ysu&f atmif xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf
EkdifMuygw,f/ omoemawmf&JU
aemifa&;[m &[ef;aumif;awG&UJ
vufxJrSmyJ &Sdygw,f/ &[ef;
aumif ; wpf y g;qk d w m tvk d
tavsmuf rawmfwqjzpfay:
vmEkid w
f mr[kwyf g/ ,HMk unfcsuf
ckid cf idk rf mrmeJY &nf&,
G cf suf jrifjh rifh
rm;rm;xm;um pdwfaumif;eJY
todmPful vHv
Yk 0D&,
d ukd tvH
xlNy;D BuKd ;pm;Ekid rf S jzpfay:vmwwf
wmyg/
tck &[ef;aumif;wk&Yd UJ
b0wpfpw
d w
f pfa'oukd azmfjywJh
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csifygw,f/ 'DyHkjyifukd &wemyHk
aejynfawmfacwfu w&m;a[m
&mrSm tvGex
f if&mS ;wJh o*FZm
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; ajymjycJw
h m
yg/

" r & o r * Z if
;

awmifausmif;bke;f BuD;eJY
ajrmufausmif;bke;f BuD;

wpfcgwkef;u {&m0wD
jrpfdk;rSm tifrwefom,m0ajym
wJh &GmBuD;wpf&mG &Scd zhJ ;l w,f/ tdrf
ajcwpfaxmif&SdwJh tJ'D&GmBuD;&JU
wpfzufwpfcsufprD mS bke;f awmf
BuD;ausmif;wpfausmif;pD aqmuf
vSLxm;Muw,f/ ausmif;emrnf
toD;oD;&SMd uayr,fh &GmxJu vl
awG u awmh awmif a usmif ; eJ Y
ajrmufausmif;qkNd yD; tvG,af c:
Muw,f/ tJ'aD usmif;u ausmif;
xkdifbkef;awmfBuD;awGukdvnf;
awmifausmif;bkef;BuD;eJY ajrmuf
ausmif;bkef;BuD;vkdY tvG,fac:
Mujyefw,f/
awmifausmif;bkef;BuD;
[m i,fpOfuyJ &Sio
f mraP0wf
NyD; aejynfawmfrSm yd#u(3)yHkukd
oifdk;ukefatmif oifcJhzl;wmrkdY
pmayy&d,wf wwfuRr;f ko
H mru
uk,
d w
hf &m;eJu
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dk f d;k d;k at;at;
&[ef;yDatmif aewwfw,f/
0denf;ukd av;pm;NyD; odumukd
ta&;xm;w,f/*E"&l -0dyem
"l&vkaYd c:wJh y&d,wf y#dywfupd r S
wpfyg; &yfa&;&Gma&;ukd 0ifa&muf
pDrHavhr&Sdygbl;/ avmu0wf=
(avmuGw)f jyKavhr&Sb
d J "r0wfeJY
tnD 'um? 'umrawG&UJ tusKd;
pD;yGm;ukd apmifha&Smufawmfrlyg
w,f/
ajrmufausmif;bkef;BuD;
uawmh touft&G,Bf uD;rS om
oemhabmifa&mufvmNy;D y&d,wf
pmayu o'g? oN*K[af vmufyJ
oif&ayr,fh AdaEmeJY aA'ifuadk wmh

23

qH;k cef;wkid af tmif oif,cl w

hJ ,f vkYd
qkyd gw,f/ vlb
Y 0rSm oHa0* &vkYd
ouFe;f 0wfvmw,f qkad y r,fh
vl o l w k e f ; k e f ; eJ Y aeygw,f /
0denf;ukd rav;pm;ovkd odum
(3)yg;ukv
d nf; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf
jcif; r&Syd gbl;/ y&d,wf? y#dywf
udpq
v
dk Ydk bmwpfcrk Q r&Sb
d ?J aq;
uk? aA'ifa[m? &yfwum? &Gm
wum tvSLcHvSnfhvnfjcif;eJY
tcsdeu
f ek yf gw,f/ 'um? 'umr
qufqaH &;rSmvnf; avmuGwu
f dk
tajccHNyD; tvSLcHzo
Ydk m &nf&,
G f
tm;xkwfwwfygw,f/
omoemqkw
d m tke;f oD;?
iSuaf ysmoD;eJY yGw
J ifvLS wmavmuf
yJvYdk xifjrifaeMuwJh &Gmol&mG om;
trsm;pk[m pmoifpmcsNyD;? uk,
d hf
w&m;uk,
d f d;k d;k ukyu
f yk t
f m;xkwf
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avhr&SMd ubJ? omoemjyKpum;
rsm;rsm;ajymNyD; aq;uk? aA'if
a[maewJh ajrmufausmif;bke;f Bu;D
ukdyJ 0kdif;tHkqnf;uyfMuowJh/
omoemjyKwJah usmif;rSm vmbf
vmbenf;yg;Ny;D omoemzsuw
f hJ
ausmif;rSm vmbfvmbaygrsm;
aewmukd rcHcsifMuwJh &[ef; &Sif
i,fawG[m awmifausmif;bke;f
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f &k m;vnf; aA'if
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tJ't
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q&mawmfBuD;u ]]igh&iS w
f ?Ydk &[ef;
awmfawGqw
dk m 'um?'umrawG
&JU aus;Zl;ukd avmuenf;eJY rwkYH
jyef&bl;? 0denf;awmfet
YJ nD "r

Ahpamada Form - 24

enf;eJo
Y m ay;qyf&w,f/ om
oemqkw
d m 'um? 'umrawG&UJ
pm;0wfaea&;? pD;yGm;a&;tqif
ajyzkaYd vmuf &nf&,
G Nf yD; yGiahf y:
cJw
h m r[kwo
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w&m;awmfen
YJ w
D hJ aA'ifa[m jcif;?

24

Ahpamada Form - 25

&uf&mZm
jy'g;qkdwm
ykPm;tqHk;trjzpfwmrkdY
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&[ef;rsm;eJYbmrQrqkdif?
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25

'DyHkjyifuav;&JU ed*Hk;[m
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wu,fah wmh omoem
qkdwm twGif;vlzsufrS ykdysuf
wwfygw,f/
awmf0ifEG,f

Ahpamada Form - 26

" r & o r * Z if
;

rkedokwefw&m;awmf
a'oemawmfed'gef;
oJukef;t&SifmPd&
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b,favmufyJysHysH [oFmudk
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zdkvfmPfoHk;yg;ESihf vSawmhvSaeNyD?
.........................

(oydwftkdif)
omraP&yAZr*Fvmudk tajccHNyD;awmh
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Yk "ra'oem
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odcD ,xm eDv*Da0g 0d[*Farm?
[Ho aemaywd Z0H uk'gpeH/

26

Ahpamada Form - 27

{0H *d[D emEkua&mwd bduK aem?

rkead em 0d0w
d

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rkeo
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om"k? om"k? om"kygbk&m;/

" r & o r * Z if
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tyfwhJ rkeo
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aumif;uifvnf; ysHEidk w
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Ny;D awmh OD;pGe;f qdw
k hJ tarmufe/YJ p-"-A-0 tu&m
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k hJ [oFm/
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ok0P[Ho-a&Ta&mif[oFmqkNdy;D awmh? [oFmawGu
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k e u
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d hJ a&T[oFm/ xdak &T[oFm
iSurf if;vnf;yJ aumif;uifukd ysHEidk w
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[m tvGefvSayr,fh ,lZemwpfaxmifc&D;udk
wpfajzmifw
h nf; b,fawmhrS rysHEidk b
f ;l / wpf,Zl em

tvSOa'gif;? t[kef[oFm xl;jcm;yg

ouwidk ;f uydv0wfaejynfawmf edaj*m"mHk
ausmif; jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu
f ,
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pHaysmfarGUavsmfawmfrw
l t
hJ csderf mS ,ck bke;f BuD;&Gwf

27

Ahpamada Form - 28

ESpf,lZemysHNyD;&if xkda&TOa'gif;rif;[m em;&w,f/

NyD;rS quf quf ysH&w,f/ 'gawmif ,lZem
wpfaxmifukd ol aeYcsif;ayguf rysHEidk b
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f ;l /
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bJeYJ c&D;aygufatmif? qH;k atmif ysHEidk pf rG ;f &Sw
d ,f/
jrefvnf;jrefw,f/ MumjrifhpGmvnf; ysHoef;EkdifwJh
ZGJvnf;&Sdw,f/ Oa'gif;[m vSayr,fh [oFmudk
rDatmif rysHEidk b
f ;l / [oFmBuD;u tkyq
f ;kd ayr,fh
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hJ cg Oa'gif;udak usmNf y;D
awmh ,lZemwpfaxmifc&D;udk rem;bJeYJ wpfavQmuf
wnf; ysHomG ;w,fvYkd 'DrmS EIid ;f ,SO&f r,fph um;&yfukd
azmfjyw,f/
'gaMumihfodc?D OD;pGe;f axmifvsuf&adS om/ eDv*Da0g?
pdr;f pdak omvnfqaH rG;&Sad om/ 0d[*Farm? aumif;uif
rSm ysEH ikd af om/ arma&m? Oa'gif;iSuo
f nf/ [Ho?
a&T[oFmiSurf if;\/ Z0H? vsifjrefwt
hJ [keu
f /kd uk'g
peH? rnfonft
h cgrQ/ aemaywd? rDatmif rvku
d Ef idk /f
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b,fawmhrS rvku
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f ;l / NydKif&ifvnf; aemufus
w,f/ aemufuvdu
k &f ifvnf; aemufuyJ/ c&D;wpfck
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a&T[oFmiSufrif;uawmh ,lZemwpfaxmifc&D;udk
qH;k atmif wpfqufwnf; wpfavQmufwnf; yso
H mG ;
Edkifw,f/

" r & o r * Z if
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f ;l / xd&k [ef;
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bl;/

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vltvS-&[ef;t[kef xl;jcm;yHk
{0ar0 {0Hwxm? yrmxm;,l wdt
Yk wl/
*d[D? tdrfaeolvljzpfonfh vlU'um?'umronf/
bduK aem? &[ef;wd&Yk UJ / 0dyemmPZ0H? 0dyem
mPf&UJ vsifjrefru
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k f
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tdraf eol vl'um? 'umrawGeYJ ouFe;f 0wf
xm;wJh &Si&f [ef;wdeYk YJ ,SONf yD;awmh w&m;tm;xkwf
Mupdq
Yk &kd if tdraf eol vl'um? 'umrwd&Yk UJ 0dyem

28

0da0u qdkonfrSm um,0da0u&Sdw,f/

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yk*Kd vf? um,0da0ueJY pdw0 ad 0uudk yGm;rsm;BudK;
ukwf tm;xkwaf ewJh &[ef;awmf/
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olawmfpifwpfa,muftaeeJY vdt
k yfwhJ 0da0uonf
um,0da0ueJY pdw0 ad 0u jzpfygw,f/ Oy"d0ad 0u

Ahpamada Form - 29

uawmh tvkyt
f m;avsmfpmG &vmr,fh tusdK;edAm ef
udk ajymwm/ a,m*D&UJ tm;xkwq
f t
J cgrSm um,
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k hJ 0da0u
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awm? tm&rPyl psmef/ vuPyl psmefqakd om psmef
ESpyf g;jzihf Irw
S
f aeavh&adS om &[ef;awmftm;-

" r & o r * Z if
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tdraf eol vl'um'umru w&m;tm;xkwf
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f kd rDatmif

29

Ahpamada Form - 30

rvku
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trIupd a wGEiS fh Iyaf xG;Ny;D awmh aewJt
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30

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Ahpamada Form - 31

rSmyJ/ &ifuNJG y;D awmh aoawmhrmS yJ}}qkNd y;D awmh "r'Ed m

olaX;uawmfav; &ifuGJNyD;awmh aorSmpdk;&wJh
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31

Ahpamada Form - 32

" r & o r * Z if
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odaYk omf tdr&f mwnfaxmif vlUabmifqw

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hJ [keu
f /kd
uk'gpeH? rnfonft
h cgrQ/ aemaywd,xm? rDatmif
rvdu
k Ef idk o
f uJo
h /Ykd {0ar0-{0Hwxm? yrmxm;,l
xdt
Yk wl/ *d[?D tdraf eol vl'um? 'umronf/ tem
*grd? tem*grfy*k Kd vfBuD;onf/ apyda[mwd? tu,f
jzpfapumrl/ 0erSd? vlolreD; awmNrdKifBuD;/ 0d
0dw
? um,0da0u pdw0 ad 0u[laom 0da0u
w&m;ESpyf g;udk yGm;rsm;BudK;ukwf tm;xkw
f aeavh
&Sx
d aom/ psm,awm? tm&rPyl psmef? vuPyl
psmefqw
kd hJ 0dyemtvkyf tm;xkwf rI w
S
f aeavh
&Sad yxaom/ bduK aem? 'DuaeYrS &[ef;jyKvmwJh
udavom&SdaewJh &[ef;awmfav;&JU/ 0dyem
mPZ0H? 0dyemmPf&UJ vsifjrefjcif;ud/k uk'gpeH?
rnfonft
h cgrQ/ emEkua&mwd? rDatmifrvku
d Ef idk yf g
ay/ uk'gpeH? b,faomtcgrQ/ aemaywd-eOaywd?
rDatmifrvku
d Ef idk yf gay/ wd? od/Yk b*0g? bke;f
awmfajcmufpkH wefc;kd *kPEf iS fh jynfph akH wmfral om bk&m;
&Siu
f ,
kd af wmfjrwfonf/ ta0gp? ukPma&S;I a[m
Mum;awmfrlcJhygayownf;/
om"k? om"k? om"kygbk&m;/
aemufvqufzwfyg&ef

bkef;BuD;wdkYy&dowf rSwfxm;/
rdrdwdkY &&SdwJhw&m;xl;udk odkodkodyfodyf
uspfuspfvspfvspfjzpf&r,f/
tydpmav;yg;rSm
rdrdwdkY&&Sdxm;wJh w&m;xl;w&m;jrwfudk
odkodyfuspfvspfw,fqdkwm[m
t"d*rtydpac:ygw,f/
eJY "r'Ed m olaX;uawmfukd bduK eDausmif;odYk ydw
Yk ,f/
y&dowfawG rsm;pGmNcH&HvdkY/ trsdK;orD;&Sifavmif;
vSnq
hf w
dk m tJ'rD mS yJ/
a&Txrf;pifBuD;eJY wcrf;wem; NrdKUvSnfhNyD;
awmh? eHo
Y ma&awGeYJ a&csdK;/ tdr&f w
dS hJ taumif;qH;k
&wemawG wpfu,
kd v
f ;kH tdaeatmif qifNyD;awmh
bduK eDausmif; ydw
Yk m/ acgif;&dwv
f ?Ykd rdaxG;awmf
a*gwrDxrH mS "r'Ed m bduK eDjyKw,f/ Mo0g'w&m;
emMum;w,f/
bk&m;&Siu
f ,
k d af wmfjrwfxH csO;f uyf ur|mef;
awmif;Ny;D awmh? &mZN*Kd [f&UJ teD;u awm&ausmif;rSm
csOf;uyfNyD; w&m;tm;xkww
f ,f/ oH;k vrQavmufyJ
Mumygw,f/ t&[wr*f? t&[wzdkvfaygufvdkY
&[EmtjzpfoYkd qdu
k af &mufawmfrcl w
hJ ,f/
a&S;OD;pGm tem*grfwnfcw
hJ hJ 0domc 'g,um
BuD; .'Dtwkdif; ykqdk;eJY tuseJY tdrfrSm usef&pf
w,f/ tem*grfb0eJY usef&pfw,f/ "r'Ed m wdu
Yk
aemufr&S [ef;jyKNyD;awmh w&m;udk tm;xkww
f ,f/
ykxkZOfb0u pwiftm;xkwfwm/ t&[wzdkvf
aygufawmh olu a&S;OD;pGm aygufomG ;w,f/
'gaMumihf ajymwm/ r*fmPfzv
kd f mPf
0dyemmPfudk &xm;NyD;? r*fmPf zdkvfmPf
0dyemmPfukd a&S;OD;pGm&Ny;D vdYk tem*grfxd a&muf
xm;w,fyJ xm;ygOD;/ Oa'gif;BuD;vdak wmh vSaew,f?
mPfpOfawG &xm;w,f/ [du
k ykxZk OftjzpfeYJ ckrS
pwif tm;xkw&f wm/ [oFmBuD;vdyk aJ ygh/ udavom
awGeq
YJ akd wmh rvSb;l aygh/

32

Ahpamada Form - 33

" r & o r * Z if
;

okawoeokyjf y
tbd"mefusrf;jyKq&mawmf

t&SifMobmombd0Ho

tar;tajzu@
pGe;f vGe;f 0dyem tar;tajzusr;f ESih f
a,m*DtajccHusip
h f Ofusr;f
(,cifvrStquf)
'um/ wifygh?q&mawmfb&k m;u
wynfhawmftay:rsm;
w,fNyD; txifBuD;ae
ouk;d bk&m;? &[ef;oHCmawmf
eJY a0;NyD; uav;b0uwnf;u
t*Fvyd af usmif;rSm ykx
Yd m;cHae&wJh
wynfah wmfrmS &Sijf yKwke;f u wpf
vavmufom oHCmawmfrsm;eJY
twlaeNy;D bk&m;pmoifvm&wm?
usefwJhtcsdefawGrSm t*Fvdyfpm
awGom avhvmwwfuRrf;NyD;
jrefrmpmaybufu teufoabm
t,ltqawGrmS csmaeygw,f/
rSew
f mavQmufxm;&vQif

wynfah wmf&UJ pdwx

f rJ mS ,aeY
txd odaewJh udavomuawmh
]]tdrfaxmifjyKNyD; avmuxJrSm
aysmfaysmfyg;yg; om;r,m;awGeJY
cspfvkdYr0Ekdifatmif aexkdif pm;
aomuf oG m ;vmaeMuwmuk d
udavomac:w,fvYdk xifae
odaewmyJbk&m;? rSef rrSefawmh
rodbl;/
q&m/ td r f ; . r if ; xif w J h ud
avomu 'g,umOD;wku
d f
armif;Bu;D &JU udavomrsK;d
ukd jzpfaerifu
h u
dk /G
'um/ OD;wku
d af rmif;BuD;&JU ud
avomu b,fv[
dk myg
vJb&k m;?tus,rf ed MYf um;

33

ygOD;/
q&m/ wkrYd sm;eJY &if;ES;D wJh OD;wku
d f
armif;ac:wJh 'umBu;D [m
wkrY d sm;xHvmNy;D udavom
umrw&m;&JU yifyef;qif;&Jy?kH npf
EGr;f yH?k raumif;yHak wGucdk sn;f ajym
a[mouku
d /G 'geJY pmcsbke;f BuD;
wpfyg;u em;Mum;jyif;uwfvm
xifygh? ]AsKdU-OD;wkdufarmif;&?
udavomqkw
d m b,fvadk eowH;k
AsvkdY} ar;vkdufawmh 'umBuD;
OD;wku
d af rmif;u}rSeyf gh ]udavom
qkdwm jzLjzLuav;aeygw,f
bk&m;}vkYd avQmufxm;vku
d o
f wJh
uG/ onfawmh tem;rSm&SdwJh
OD;yOi;f awG uk&d ifawGu 0g;ceJ

Ahpamada Form - 34

yGJusoGm;wmaygh/
'um/ rSeyf gh? udavom umr
w&m;ukd b,fvdk b,f
[mqkw
d m tjzLtrnf;
uGjJ ym;oGm;atmif a[mMum;awmf
rlygOD;bk&m;/
q&m/ udavomqkw
d mu ygVd
pum;uG? jrefrmvkad wmh
ow0grsm;&JU udk,fpdwf
ESpfyg;ukd qif;&JnpfEGrf; ylyefap
wwfwhJ w&m;/ ylyefqif;&Jatmif
vkyw
f wfwhJ w&m;qk;d rsm;vkYd rSwf
xm;aygh/ tJonf udavom[m
tMurf;zsi;f tm;jzifh oH;k yg;&Sw
d ,f/
tckduftwefYxJrSm xl;jcm;wJh
udavomrsKd;ayghuGm/
(1) tEko, udavom
Oyg'f? XD? bif jzpfysufrItm;jzifh
xif&Sm;r&SdbJ b0rsm;pGmupNyD;
rdrdwkdY cEmtpOfrSm tNrJwap
ude;f NrKH aeovkyd gvmwJh (ygvmwm
awmh r[kwb
f ;l ?ygvmw,fq&dk if
ow'd|d jzpfaeOD;r,f)taMumif;
nDGwf&if jzpfay:vmwwfwJh
udavom"mwfbl;wpfrsKd;yJ/
(2) y&d,|k me udavom
Oyg'f? XD? biftm;jzifh xif&mS ;&Sd
um x<uaomif;usef;NyD; vm
wwf a yr,f h um,uH a jrmuf
azmufjyefusL;vGerf u
I adk wmh rjyK
Ekid w
f hJ ]raemuH udavomrsKd;}
jzpfw,f/
(3) 0Dwu
d r udavom
uk,
d ?f EIw?f pdwx
f m; 'Gg&oH;k yg;
rSm x<uaomif;usef;vmHkwGif
rubJ azmufvGJazmufjyefjzpf
atmif jyKvk y f u sL;vG e f E k d i f w J h
udavomrsK;d wJ/h tJ'g[m udav

" r & o r * Z if
;

om tusOf;oH;k yg;ygyJ/
'um/ rSefygh? aus;Zl;wifvSyg
w,fb&k m;/ onf[mu
udavom tusO;f oH;k yg;
qkad wmh wjcm;udavomtus,f
rsm; &Sad o;&ifvnf; rdeMYf um;awmf
rlygOD; bk&m;/
q&m/ td r f ; . . . & S d a o;w,f /
wjcm; tus,u
f ad vom
q,fyg;ukad wmh vG,v
f ,
G f
eJY od&atmif wkdwkdyJ ajymjy
vku
d rf ,f/ a&;rSwaf ya&mhumG /
(1) avmb=vkcd sifwyf
rufjcif;oabm/
(2) a'go=Murf;wrf;
zsufqD; jypfrSm;jcif;oabm/
(3) arm[=aMumif;usKd;
rSeu
f dk rodjcif;oabm/
(4) rme = igwum;[k
axmifvTm;wuf<ujcif;oabm/
(5) 'd|=d yk* Kd vf? ol? ig[k
om t,lrmS ; pGv
J rf;um ,lae
jcif;oabm/
(6) 0dpu
d pd m =ukov
dk af &;
[kwrf [
S w
k yf ghrvm;[k awG;
awm ,Hrk mS ;jcif;oabm/
(7) xde=ukokdvfa&;
pdwf\ rcefYjcif;oabm/
(8) O'p=ukkokdvfa&;
pdwyf sHUvGihf wkev
f yI jf cif;oabm/
(9) t[D&u
d =raumif;rI
jyK&rSm r&Sufjcif;oabm/
(10) taemwy= raumif;
rI jyK&rSm raMumufvefYjcif;
oabm/
tJ'g udavom tus,f
q,fyg;yJu/G tm;vH;k [m raumif;
wJh tukov
dk w
f &m;qk;d ? w&m;

34

npfawGcsnf; jzpfw,f/ olw0Ydk if

vm&if uk,
d af &mpdwyf g npfErG ;f
yifyef;ukefwmyJa[h/ 'gaMumifh
olwkdYrvmEkdifatmif pGef;vGef;
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u]]&SL;&SeJ nf;
eJ}Y }wm;jrpfyw
d q
f ;D ay;cJw
h mayghu/G
'um/ tEkdY . wpfaxmifhig;&m
rsK;d udavomqk;d qkw
d m
ua&m bk&m;/ a[m
vufpeJY qufa[mawmfryl gOD;/
q&m/ [ .rif;u rod? rod
eJY axmifih g;&mxdatmif
awmif ar;prf;aejyefrS
uku
d /G
'um/ rSeyf gh? ]]arSmufrmS ;ygw,f
Asm?axmifih g;&mudavom
wGi;f ukrd ?S ZGwq
f if;um
a[monf . a'gif;ruav;i,f
aMumifh}} OD;bkd;pdefBuD;ujywJh
bk&m;tavmif; Oa'gif;rif;Zmwf
ikcd sif;rSm qko
d MH um;zl;vkyYd gbk&m;/
q&m/ td r f ; . . t J o nf a xmif h
ig;&m udavomqkw
d m
vnf; ow0gawGudk EdyS f
puf SO;f qJ qif;&Jyyl efapwwf
wJh w&m;qk;d awGyu
J /G tus,f
uawmhpdww
f &m;awG&o
dS rQ tm;
vHk;ukd odjcif;oabmvuPm
wpfco
k m&Sv
d Ydk wpfyg;[krw
S /f
aemuf apwoduf 52yg;eJYaygif;? tJ'gukd ]emrfaw
ynmo}vkaYd c:w,f/ emrfw&m;
53-yg;ayghuGm/
aemuf edyEkyf 18-yg;
&,f? vuP kyfav;yg;&,f?
aygif;kyf 22-yg; xyfxnfv
h u
dk ?f
kyfemrfaygif; 75-yg;&w,f/

Ahpamada Form - 35

tJ'gukd tZswoEmef?
A[d'o
Emefac:wJh oEmefEpS yf g;
eJY ajrSmufvkdufawmh wpf&mhig;
q,f&a&m/ tJonfw&mhig;q,f
ukd udavomq,fyg;eJY xyfajrmS uf
vku
d af wmh axmifih g;&m udavom
jzpfvmwmayghuGm/
uk d i f ; . & S i f ; NyD v m;a[h ?
r&Si;f ao;&ifvnf; aemufrS onfh
jyif bke;f BuD;awGudk vku
d af r;ay
awmh/ rif;ar;&if; pGef;vGef;&SL;&SJ
uaeNyD; udavomawGxJ ul;
vmvku
d w
f m rqH;k Ekid af wmhb;l uGm/
rif;&JU npfErG ;f qif;&JwhJ udav
om tyl"mwfawG pcef;&yfMupkYd
&JU/
'um/ rSeyf gh? wynfah wmfwu
Ydk dk
ylyefqif;&J npfErG ;f atmif
tzefwvJvJ ESyd pf ufae
wJh udavomw&m;rsm;ukd ckryS J
uGu
J jJG ym;jym; jcm;em;aocsmpGm od
&awmhw,fb&k m;/ wynfah wmfu
udavomumrqkw
d m [kv
d dk tdrf
axmifjyKwm wpfrsKd;wnf; xif
rSwaf ewmukd bk&m;/
q&m/ tif ; . r if ; vnf ; ]ud
avomqkw
d m jzLjzLu
av; aeygw,fbk&m;}
qkw
d hJ 'umBuD; OD;wku
d af rmif;vkd
vlpm;yJukduG/
'um/ wifygh? onfvydk J rSm;wJh
tcgvnf; rSm;Muwmaygh
bk&m;/ tJonf pGe;f vGe;f
q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D jywJh &SL;&SeJ nf;
[m pmayxJrSmryg? pmayeJYrnD
bl;vkYd ajymqkad eMuwma&m rSef
ygovm;bk&m;/
q&m/ td r f ; . j ref r mjynf w G i f

" r & o r * Z if
;

ru ,k;d ',m;? vmtk?d

uarm'D;,m;? oD&v
d uFm?
*smreD? *syef? tif'edk ;D &Sm;?t*Fvef?
tar&duef pwJh urmrSmyg ausmf
Mum;aewJh omoemh&yd o
f m r[m
pnfq&mawmfb&k m;&JU (ydeaf zmif;)
enf;ukv
d nf; wcsKdUu pmayrSm
ryg? pmayeJrY nDqu
dk m tremy
ajymaeMuwmyJ/
wkrYd sm;uk,
d w
f idk f oabFm
ESifh c&D;oGm;&if; yxrcef;xJrSm
*kPfoa&&Sd Ak'bmom0wfvHk
awmf&BuD;wpfa,mufu ajymqkd
uJ&h UJ jypfwifwmukd Mum;cJ&h w,f/
'grsKd;u pmayrSmryg? pmayeJrY nD
qkdNyD; pmayeJYcsnf; ukdkifaygufae
vkYd &wmrsK;d r[kwb
f ;l uG/yd#uwf
pmayukd ususee avhvmzwf
rSwNf y;D ygatmif,w
l wf&if ygwm
aygh? pmayrSmygwmukd ajymjyrnf
em;axmifa[h/
,xm ,xm 0g ye
uma,m yPdawm a[mwd?
wxm wxmeH yZmem
wdvkYd owdy|mef rl&if;ygVdawmfrmS
Ak'b
&k m;u ]oAo*Fg[du 0pe}
tvH;k pHu
k kd odr;f usK;H um cGijhf yKcsuf
pum; rdeMYf um;xm;cJw
h ,f/ bk&m;
&Si&f UJ qkv
d &dk if; t"dyg ,fuigbk&m; a[mMum;jyo
vkYd NyD;oGm;wJh enf;? enf;
rsm;rSwpfyg; um,ac:wJh ud,
k f
ESiphf yforQ tjcm;tjcm; trlt&m
jyKrlrI enf;rsm;ukv
d nf; owdac:
pGJNrJpl;pkduf atmufarhrSwfom;rI
bm0emw&m;enf;rsm;eJY tzefzef
yGm;pD;rSwo
f m; tm;xkwo
f mG ;vQif

35

um,mEkyem owdy|mef
w&m;enf;vm rl&if;a'oemawmf
t& [kwo
f nfcsnf;omwJu
h /G
tJonfygVdawmfvm rl&if;
a'oemt& &Sn&f n
S &f LS &if Iu
d f
&if?&Sn&f n
S &f LS wm Iu
d w
f mukd od
&ovkd wkw
d &dk LS &if Iu
d &f ifvnf;
wkw
d &dk LS wm Iu
d w
f mukd odrw
S &f
r,f/
xkt
Yd wl jznf;jznf;at;
at; EkEkomomuav; SL&if
Iu
d &f ifvnf; jznf;jznf;at;at;
EkEo
k momuav; &SLwmIu
d w
f m
ukd odrw
S &f ovkd jyif;jyif;Murf;
Murf;eJY &SL&ifIduf&ifvnf; jyif;
jyif; Murf;Murf; &SLwmIu
d w
f mukd
rSwf&rSmyJ/
aemuf jyif;jyif;Murf;Murf;
eJY &SLvkdY IdufvkdY jyif;jyif;Murf;
Murf; wk;d a0Sx
Y cd u
dk o
f mG ;wJh zkoe
enf;txd oabmukv
d nf; jyif;
jyif;xdw,f? Murf;Murf;xdw,fvYdk
xdwmukd odoNd yD; odwt
hJ wkid ;f
rSwfrSwfae&rSmyJ/
xked nf;twkid ;f touf
&SLvku
d v
f Ydk azmif;vm&if azmif;
w,fvYdk rSw&f r,f? Iu
d v
f u
dk v
f Ydk
ydeo
f mG ;&if ydew
f ,fvYdk rSw&f rSmyJ/
tJ'gawG[m ],xm
,xm 0gye}qkw
d hJ ygVdawmf
vm cGijhf yKcsupf um;&yfeYJ wpfxyf
wnf;ukd uku
kd n
f aD ew,fvYdk rSwf
xm;ayghuGm/
'um/ rSeyf gh? OD;xdy&f u
G f yefqif
um rSwo
f m;vsuyf g?a&SU
ukd qufvuf rdeMYf um;
awmfrlygOD;bk&m;/
aemufvqufzwfyg&ef

Ahpamada Form - 36

" r & o r * Z if
;

ur|mef;cGif ,aeY0if
OD;wifOD; (ajrmif)
0dyemur|mef;ESifh urmhed,mrw&m;rsm;
(tuf(pf)tif(ef)*dktifumtm; tveftufupefawGYqHkar;jref;cef;)
(,cifvrStquf)
ar;/

0dyemtvkyrf mS ratmifjrifjcif;&,fvYdk
&SdEkdifygovm;/
ajz/ ur|mef;q&m ajymwJt
h wkid ;f rvky&f if
ratmifjrifjcif; &Sw
d wfygw,f/ q,f&uf
pcef;umvtwGif;rSm oifwef;om;wpf
a,muf[m olvyk af eustavhtusiahf wGudk pGeyYf ,f
xm;&ygw,f/
(Oyrm-uk,
d v
f yk af eus ur|mef;rSwef nf;)
'Doifwef;rSm oifjywmu wjcm;ur|mef;Ienf;awG
eJY rwlbJ wpfrf x
l ;l jcm;wJt
h wGuf jzpfygw,f/ 'Denf;
rSm xl;jcm;wJv
h uPm&Syd gw,f/ pdwu
f dk Irw
S o
f ;kH oyf
&mrSm tay:,HavhvmrIu pwifNy;D awmh eufidI ;f &m
a&mufatmif oGm;&ygw,f/ cEmud,
k u
f dk cJpG w
d w
f hJ
oabmrsK;d vkd pdwu
f dk cGjJ crf;pdwjf zmNy;D avhvmoH;k oyf
&ygw,f/ 'Dt&ifu wjcm;ur|mef;enf;awG tm;

36

Ahpamada Form - 37

xkwcf &hJ mrSm EIwu

f vku
d &f w
G q
f &dk wmjzpfap? pdwrf mS
wpfcck x
k ifjrifvmatmif rSe;f NyD; Munfh &I wmjzpfap?
MunfnKd pdwaf wGymG ;atmif avhusif&h wmjzpfap? yg
aumif;ygygvdrrfh ,f/ pOf;pm;mPfudk appm;NyD; usifh
wmrsK;d jzpfap? pdwu
f ;l Munf&h wmrsK;d jzpfap? ygaumif;
ygygvdrrhf ,f/ 0dyemtvkyv
f yk af ewJt
h cku
d rf mS tJ'D
enf;rsKd;awG vkyaf ecJrh ,fq&dk ifawmh pdwx
f rJ mS Iyf
axG;NyD; y#dyuawG jzpfaeygvdrrhf ,f/
0dyemusifeh nf;&JU t"duudpu
pdwu
f dk
twGi;f qH;k xd vku
d Mf unfNh y;D wpfcPcsi;f wpfcPcsi;f
twGi;f rSm ajymif;vJvyI &f mS ;aewJh olt
Y vdv
k w
dk ek cf grI
av;awGudk avhvmoH;k oyfzYdk jzpfygw,f/ a,m*D
yk*Kd vf[m olt
Y &ifusihef nf;rsKd;eJY ur|mef;Irw
S af ecJh
&if olpY w
d x
f rJ mS oleY nf;eJo
Y l wkecf grIav;awG[m
pdw&f UJ tay:,Hyidk ;f rSm jzpfay:aeygvdrrhf ,f/ tJ't
D cg
rSm pdwf&JUtwGif;qHk;ykdif;a&mufatmif avhvmzkdY
tcuftcJ&ydS gvdrrhf ,f/ 'gaMumifh ur|mef;q&mu
t&ifusifeh nf;awGudk tjypfrqkad omfvnf; ]'Dq,f
&ufpcef;rSmawmh olajymwmyJ vkdufvkyfMunfhyg/
tjcm;pcef;awG cPxm;yg/ 'Dpcef;uxGuv
f Ydk 'Denf;
ukd BudKufw,fq&dk if oH;k yg? rBudKuf&if roH;k ygeJv
Y Ydk
ajymjyygvdrrhf ,f/ wjcm;enf;awGudk 'Denf;eJY a&mvkYd
awmh r&wJt
h aMumif; &Si;f jyygvdrrhf ,f/ tJ'v
D adk &m
Ny;D usiw
hf v
hJ u
l awmh &Sm;ygw,f/ vkyMf unf&h ifvnf;
vkyif ef;rSm xpfaighwwfwm awGU&ygw,f/
q&mrSmwht
J wkid ;f om av;av;pm;pm; vkyf
r,fq&dk if 'Doifwef;rSm bmtcuftcJrQ r&SEd idk yf g/
ratmifjrifjcif;&,fvkdYvnf; r&SdEkdifyg/ ratmifjrif
jcif;qkw
d m oifwef;wuf&vkYd bmtusK;d rQ ray:wm
ukd qkv
d ydk gw,f/ oifwef;qif;oGm;olawGxrJ mS ]bm
tusKd;rQ ray:yg}[l qko
d l wpfO;D wavrQ rawGU
zl;yg/ a,m*Dyk*dKvfwkdY&JU vHkYoO[ukdvkdufvkdY
tenf;eJt
Y rsm;qko
d vkd tusK;d tjrwfay:wmuawmh
aocsmygw,f/wpfenf;enf;eJY odomxif&mS ;ygw,f/
ar;/ ay:wJah 0'emwkid ;f rSm t"dyg ,f&ydS govm;/
bmrQ t"dyg,frxl;jcm;wJh a0'emrsKd;a&m
&Syd govm;/ 0dyemI&mrSm ay:wJah 0'em
wkid ;f ukd t"dyg ,faumufvYdk &Ekid yf govm;/

" r & o r * Z if
;

0dyemusifhenf;&JU t"duudpu
pdwfukd twGi;f qH;k xd vku
d Mf unfNh yD;
wpfcPcsif; wpfcPcsif; twGif;rSm
ajymif;vJvIyf&Sm;aewJh
olYtvdkvkdwkefcgrI av;awGukd
avhvmoHk;oyfzkdY jzpfygw,f/
ajz/

t"dyg ,f&w
dS mcsn;f yg/ t"dyg ,fxnfah umuf
vkYd r&&if a0'emukd vufo;kH ud&,
d mtjzpf
oabmxm;yg/ a0'emay:wkid ;f [m a,m*D
yk*Kd vfudk oifcef;pmay;aewmyg/ ay;wJh oifcef;pm
uawmh]Iavmh toifa,m*D? uREykf [
f m tNrrJ wnf
yg/ rMumrD aysmufu,
G o
f mG ;&awmhrmS yg}tJ'v
D dk ajym
vku
d v
f Ydk pdwrf mS acsmufcsm;roGm;ygaveJ/Y tJ'pD um;
aMumifh pdwaf omu ra&mufygeJ/Y tJ'v
D dk odvu
dk f
&wmukyd J tusKd;jzpfatmif ESv;kH oGi;f yg/ oifph w
d &f UJ
wHjYk yefavh&w
dS hJ pdu
k q
f ;kd ukd ajymif;vJypfzYdk qifjcifrd
ygap/ tJ'v
D dk Ijrifr,fq&dk if ay:vmorQ a0'em
awG[m t"dyg ,ftjynf&h ydS gw,f/
a0'em&JU toH;k usyHu
k dk rIjrifwwf&ifawmh
a0'em&JU csKyfcs,fraI tmufrmS tvl;tvJc&H ygvdrhf
r,f/ pdwrf mS tJ'aD 0'emukd wHjYk yefvrYdk qH;k jzpfaeyg
vdrrhf ,f/ 'Dvjkd zpfawmh a,m*Dy*k Kd vftzkYd tajctae
qkw,
f w
k af pygw,f/ tJ'g[m t0dZm aMumifyh g/ pdwf
rSm wkecf grIay:wm[m tusK;d jzpfapygw,f/ b,fvkd
jzpfapygovJqadk wmh a'gojzpfvm&if jzpfvmNyDvYdk
owday;azmf&wJh twGuyf g/ tJ'w
D ek cf grIu Tejf y
aewmu ]a'gouawmh pwifvmNy?D a'goukd rjzpf
apygeJ?Y a'goukd jzpfapr,fq&dk if a'go&JU'Pfudk
cH&vdrrhf ,f? a'gou yGm;vmvdrrhf ,f}tJ'v
D dk owd
ay;ygw,f/ tJ'o
D wday;csuu
f dk vspv
f sLIc&hJ ifawmh
Oy'fa&muf&rSm rvGyJ g/ tJ'v
D dk owday;csuf[m

37

Ahpamada Form - 38

ay:vmwJh a0'emukd tusKd;&Sad tmif oH;k wJeh nf;yg/

a'gopdwu
f dk a'gopdwyf v
J Ydk owdrrl yd gap/ ]igha'go
aMumifh a'goqkw
d ahJ 0'em ay:NyD/ b,favmufMum
Mum ay:rSmvJ}vkYd apmifMh unfah eyg/ tJ'v
D dk a'goukd
a'gorSe;f odNyD;awmh uk,
d ef YJ bmrQrqkid o
f vkd apmifh
Munfw
h ehJ nf;[m a'goukd ajyaysmufapwJh enf;jzpf
wmukd awGU&ygvdrrhf ,f/
ar;/ 0dyemtaMumif; txl;tav;ay;NyD;
ajymMum;p&mrsm; &Sdygovm;/
ajz/ 0dyemqkw
d m pifppfrmS awmh b0aeenf;
aumif;wpfrsK;d yg/ uk;d uG,rf I bmomwpfcv
k Ydk
tawG;ra&mufoifyh g/ yHak opGrJ w
S x
f m;&r,fh
tqkt
d rdew
Yf pfck r[kwo
f vkd zDvadk qmfzv
D aYdk c:MuwJh
awG;ac: ajrmfjrifa&;wpf&yfvnf; r[kwyf g/ oabm
w&m;taeeJY vufc,
H MkH unfrv
I nf; r[kwyf g/tJ'v
D dk
oabmxm;yHak wGtm;vH;k ukd ab;z,fxm;&ygr,f/
0dyemqkw
d m vlb
Y 0ukd om,mvSyatmif zefw;D
Ekid zf Ydk tvGeo
f efpY ifreG jf rwfwhJ usifph Ofwpf&yfyg/ rdrd
tzkaYd &m olwpfyg;tzdaYk &m aumif;jrwfwu
hJ sifph Of
jzpfygw,f/ tJ'v
D dk rSeu
f efwhJ tjrifeYJ 0dyemukd
Ijrifwwfr,fq&dk if tvGerf S tusKd;&Sw
d u
hJ sifph Ofjzpf
ygw,f/
ok&Yd mwGif 0dyemukd ta&mifoiG ;f xm;wJh
rSerf sKd;eJY Munfrh ,fq&dk ifawmh Munfo
h t
l zkYd tI;H ay:
ygvdrfhr,f/ tJ'DtjrifeJY Munfholu ajymaumif;
ajymygvdrfhr,f/ ]a[m . ajymvmjyefNyDa[h? ukd;
uG,rf I bmomwpfrsKd;? Ak'b
momqkv
d m;? bmqkd
vm;yJ} tp&So
d nfjzifh Munfvifwt
hJ jrif r&So
d t
l ae
eJY rvkw
d rmajymygvdrrhf ,f/ tJ'v
D adk jymwJt
h wGuf
0dyemtusiu
hf b,fvrdk Q xdcu
dk ef pfemrI rjzpfyg/
ajymolrmS om qH;k I;H epfemrI jzpfygw,f/ 0dyemukd
odyyH nmwpf&yftjzpf rSw,
f o
l ifyh gw,f/ kyef pYJ w
d f
ukd odyHenf;us pl;prf;avhvmwJhenf;jzpfygw,f/
avhvmyHpk epfu pdw&f UJ xifv,
G f jrifv,
G w
f t
hJ ay:,H
taetxm;u tMurf;pm;pdwo
f bm0ukd pwifavh
vm&ygw,f/ tJ'u
D aeNyD;awmh pdw&f UJ todcufwhJ
eufidI ;f &mbufudk qif;oGm;NyD;awmh pl;prf;avhvm
&ygw,f/ aemufq;kH awmh pdwo
f ufoufeYJ kyo
f uf

" r & o r * Z if
;

oufyJ usefonfxd avhvmoHk;oyf&ygw,f/ 'D

tcsuf[m ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ 0dyemtaMumif;
ususeeodz&Ydk m vlwidk ;f 'Dtcsufudk od&x
dS m;oifh
Muygw,f/ 'Dv"dk r"|d mefusus pl;prf;avhvmwJeh nf;
jzpfvYdk tkypf rk a&G;? twef;tpm;ra&G;? bmomra&G;?
vlrsKd;ra&G; b,forl qkd usifEh idk w
f ehJ nf;jzpfygw,f/
ar;/ q&mBuD;&JU pmtkyaf wGxrJ mS Tejf yvdck suu
f dk
yHjk yifav;awGeYJ ajymwm rSwo
f m;vkt
Yd vGef
aumif;ygw,f/ ckaqG;aEG;cef;ukda&m yHkjyif
av;wpfckckeJY ed*Hk;csKyfOD;rSmvm; cifAsm/
ajz/ olawmfpifBuD;wpfyg;taMumif; ajymjyvkyd g
w,f/ tJ'o
D al wmfpifBuD;u jrpfurf;em;rSm
xkid af ewwfygw,f/ wpfcgrSmawmh uif;NrD;
aumufwpfaumif a&xJrmS aygavm? aygavmjzpf
aewm olawGUygw,f/ 'Daumifawmh a&epfawmhrmS
yJvYdk oloyd gw,f/ uif;ukd a&xJu q,fxw
k zf Ydk
wkwaf csmif;wkYd bmwkYd wpfcck rk Q &SmrawGUbl;wJ?h 'D
awmh olawmfaumif;BuD;yDyD vufudk a&xJEu
dI Nf yD;
uif;ukd ukid ,
f yl gowJ/h arwmpdw?f ukPmpdwx
f m;
NyD; q,f,zl Ydk BudK;pm;wmyg/
uif;NrD;aumufu olv
Y ufudk tNrD;zsm;eJx
Y ;dk
awmh tqdyaf wG vufujdk yeYaf pygw,f/ olvnf;
a&xJusomG ;ygw,f/ olawmfpifBuD;u aemufwpfcg
vufeu
YJ ikd Nf yD; uif;ukd a&uaeq,fzYdk xyfNyD; tm;
xkwjf yefygw,f/'gukd ab;u apmihMf unfah eolwpfO;D
ujrifawmh ]bmvkyaf ewmvJAs/ uif;u wkww
f wf
rSe;f odvsufeYJ cifAsm;xyfxyfNyD; ukid af eyguvm;}
'Dawmh olawmfpifBuD;u jyefajymyHu
k awmh ]uif;&JU
obm0pdu
k u
f wkwzf yYdk /J uREfyk &f UJ obm0pdu
k u
f
awmh u,fzyYdk }J wJ/h
0dyemtm;xkwo
f &l UJ tvkyu
f w&m;tm;
xkwzf yYdk ?J w&m;awGUatmif &SmzkyYd ?J awGUr,frawGUbl;
awmh b,foEd idk yf ghrvJ/ vrf;qH;k atmif vku
d Ef idk &f if
awmh awGU&rSm trSeyf aJ ygh/
(q&mBuD; OD;*kt
d ifum\ rdeMYf um;csut
f jynfh
tpku
H dk od&v
dS ydk gvQif q&mBuD;\ ]]ur|mef;cGif
,aeh0if}}pmtkyw
f iG f qufvufzwfEI idk yf gonf/)

38

Ahpamada Form - 39

" r & o r * Z if
;

puFmyl\ESpfopf
r*FvmeHeufcif;
armifokaqG(oajyHk)
c&pf E S p f 2004-ck E S p f ?
Zefe0g&Dv (1)&ufaeY eHeufcif;
onfyif r*FvmeHeufcif; jzpfyg
onf/ puFmylEidk if H Ak'b
mom
jrefrmbke;f awmfBu;D ausmif; wkyd g;d;k
(Myanmar Buddhist Temple,Toapayoh)

\ t|rtBurd af jrmuf yd@ygwf

r[moHCmhqGrf;avmif; yGJawmf
usif;yonfah eYvnf; jzpfygonf/

39

eH e uf a pmapm (6)em&D c ef Y rS
pwif puFmyla&muf jrefrm
rsm;ES i f h puF m yl E k d i f i H o m; Ak '
bmom0ifrsm;yg ausmif;awmfoYdk
a&muf&v
dS mMuygonf/ wu,f
awmhrl puFmyl\ eHeuf (6)em&D
onf vif;a&mifjcnf odompGm
rvmao;ay/ rmusL&DrD;yGifhrsm;
Mum;wGiyf if tarSmifpwkYd ajymuf
wdajymufMum; pGe;f xif;aeonf/
&moDOwkom,monfh eHeufcif;
onf csrf;jrjrESifh jrefrmEkdifiH
aqmif;0ifpuJo
h Ydk &Sad eygonf/
ausmif;0if;twGif;wGif
vnf; vSLzG,fypnf;rsm;wif&ef
pm;yGJi,frsm;ukd vSL'gef;olwkdY
tqifajyajy vSL'gef;Ekid &f eftwGuf
ykno*F[rdom;pk uy,
d tzGUJ rS
vnf; jyifqifay;&if; apmapmpD;pD;

Ahpamada Form - 40

acR;jyefaeMuygonf/
eHeufapmapm (7)em&DwiG f
Ak'bmom jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;
ausmif; q&mawmf OD;wdavmu
xHrS ig;yg;oDvcH,Nl y;D tvSLawmf
udk csD;jrSiMhf uaom q&mawmfwpf
&mh oH;k q,fw\
Ydk y&dwBf uD;(11)
okwf &Gwzf wfyal Zmfru
I v
dk nf; em
Mum;cGifh&cJhMuygonf/

" r & o r * Z if
;

\/ 'gejyKvko
d rl sm;rSmvnf; vSL
zG,f0wKrsKd;pHkjzifh ausmif;y&0Pf
wpfcv
k ;kH jynfv
h ek ;D aeonf/
puFmyla&muf jrefrmrsm;
tzkYd oHCmawmfwpf&mausmftm;
wpfpkwpfa0; zl;ajrmfcGifh? 'gejyK
cGifh&aom BuHKawmifhBuHKcJtcGifh
ta&;rkv
Yd nf; wpfEpS w
f iG f wpf
&ufwnf;rkYd tm;cJNy;D vma&mufMu

q&mawmfwpfyg;aemufrS uy,
d
wpfa,mufus tdwfBuD;rsm;ESifh
rav;Ekid ?f rarmEkid f tm;usKd;rmef
wuf vkyt
f m;'ge jyKaeMuonf
udv
k nf; jrifawGUcJ&h ygonf/uy,
d
vky&f onfrmS vnf; odyrf vG,v
f /S
tm;aumif;armif;oef r[kwf
awmif tawmftwefceG t
f m; &Sd
zkdYawmh vkdyg\/ ypnf;rsKd;pHkjzifh

puFmyl\ r*FvmeHeufcif;
eHeuf (7)em&D av;q,fh
ig;rdepfwiG f yd@ygwf r[moHCmh
qGr;f avmif;yGaJ wmf pwifcyhJ gonf/
oHCmawmf t&Sijf rwfaygif; wpf
&mho;kH q,f? omraPi,fEpS yf g;
ESihf oDv&Siaf v;yg; tvSLcH&ef<u
a&mufvmcJhMuygonf/ jrefrm?
,k;d ',m;? rav;&Sm;? oD&v
d uFm
paomEkdifiHpHkrS <uvmMujcif;jzpf

onf/ olMY unfv

h nf; NyHK;NyHK;&Tif
&Tif wufwuf<u<u? uk,
d Mhf unfh
vnf; NyKH;NyKH;&Ti&f iT f wufwuf <u
<ujzpfaeMuonf/ tawmftwef
us,f0ef;aom ausmif;awmfBuD;
\ y&0PfyifvQif y&dowftif
tm;aMumifh usO;f oa,mifyif jzpf
oGm;ygawmhonf/
vSLzG,0f wKrsm; rsm;vGe;f

40

tvSLcHtdwfwkdYrSm vuftHao
avmufonfxd av;rSef;rod
av;vGef;vS\/okdYaomf rdrdqE
tavsmuf (Volunteer)uyd,
vkyv
f Mdk uojzifh wef;pDaeMuaom
uy,
d wef;Bu;D rSmvnf; 0rf;ajrmuf
zG,f wpfarQmw
f pfac:jzpfae&yg\/
yGaJ wmfBu;D onfyif ta0;a&muf
jrefrmwkYd ukov
dk rf sK;d eJY jyKcGi&hf aom

Ahpamada Form - 41

" r & o r * Z if
;

oHCmawmfwpf&mausmftm; wpfpkwpfa0; zl;ajrmfcGifh &MuNyD

jrefrm? ,kd;',m;? rav;&Sm;? oD&dvuFm paom EkdifiHaygif;pHkrS <uvmjcif;jzpf\/

41

Ahpamada Form - 42

" r & o r * Z if
;

y&dwfBuD; (11)okwf &GwfzwfylaZmfrIukdvnf; emMum;cGifh&Muonf/

yGJawmfBuD;ygaywum;/
yxrtBudraf jrmuf yd@
ygwf r[moHCmhqrG ;f avmif; yGJ
awmfBuD;ukd 1996-ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&D
(1)&ufaeYrpS wif usi;f yEdik cf o
hJ nf/
xkEd pS rf pS wpfEpS rf Q tysurf cHbJ
ESppf Of usi;f yvmcJo
h nfrmS 2004
ckESpfonf t|rtBudrfajrmuf
yGaJ wmfusif;yonfEh pS f jzpfonf/
tcuftcJrsK;d pHk ausmv
f mT ; rjzpf
jzpfatmif zefw;D cJo
h nfh q&m
awmf OD;wdavmuESihf jzpfajrmuf
a&; trIaqmifrsm;\ bmomaoG;
Ek;d <urIrmS vnf; tm;usz,
G af umif;
vSyg\/
yd@ygwf r[moHCmhqrG ;f
avmif;olrsm;tm; jrefrmjynf
tvGr;f ajy rke[
Yf if;cg;auR;olu
vnf; auR;? ykno*F[rdom;pk\

taMumf ylyal EG;aEG; avG;olavG;

vsuf Zefe0g&Dwpf&ufaeY eHeuf
cif;onf yDyDjyifjyif &SdvSyg\/
bl;oD;vS;D olv;DS ? MuufoeG v
f ;DS ol
vS;D ?b,maMumf aMumfoal MumfEiS hf
aysmfp&meHeufcif;wGif trdjrefrm
jynfrsm; jyefa&mufaeovm;[k
yif xifaumif;xifrdMuayvdrfh
rnf/
ao;i,faom uRef;Ekid if H
av;0,f a&mufaeMuaomfvnf;
wpfa,mufEiS w
hf pfa,muf qkzH Ydk
&mrSm xifoavmuf rvG,u
f l
vS/ ,ckuo
hJ Ydk aeYx;l *kPx
f ;l rsm;
&Srd o
S m? ausmif;awmfBuD;wGif pkrd
MurSom a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfrsm;
ajymMu? jrefrmtpm;tpmrsm;
pdwv
f v
dk uf& pm;MuESihf jrefrm
jynf tvGr;f ajz&onf/

42

te,fe,f t&yf&yfrS
<ua&mufvmMuaom q&mawmf
rsm;\ w&m;ta[m pum;tajym
ukv
d nf; tm;yg;w& em&onf/
tvkyf$ESifhtdrf? tdrfESifhtvkyf
acgufjyefwv
YkH ,
S f ae&mrS ausmif;
&dy?f uef&yd f ckv
d cHI iG Bhf uHK&onf/
ta&;BuD;vQif aoG;eD;Muaom
jrefrmwk\
Yd pdw&f if;onf yGrJ sKd;
wGif xif;ceJay:vGifaeygonf/
tkPfOD;\ a&mifjcnfESifhtNydKif
vef;qef;wuf<uaeaom? vSL
zG,0f wKwkEYd iS t
hf wl vwfqwfEyk sKd
aeMuaom 'gejyKcGiBhf uHKol jrefrm
wk\
Yd rsufEmS rsm;wGif 0rf;omrI
[efrsm;rSmum; txif;om;ay:
vGifvsuf ..../
armifokaqG (oajyHk)

Ahpamada Form - 43

" r & o r * Z if
;

aus;Zl;awmf&Sif

r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\
aemufqHk;aeYrsm;
(,cifvrStquf)

aemufq;kH jyefa[monfh
"rpMumw&m;awmf
tJ'gaMumifh tJ'aD eYe&YJ uf
ukad wmh bke;f BuD;rrSwrf Ed idk yf gbl;/
okaYd omf bke;f BuD;rSwrf Ed idk w
f mu
e,kev
f jynfah usmaf vmufrmS 'Dvdk
Oykoaf eYwpfnrSm aus;Zl;awmf&iS f
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;[m bke;f BuD;
ukd trde&Yf ydS gw,f/ tJ't
D csderf mS
bke;f BuD;eJY twlwuG bke;f BuD;
teD;em;rSm ckr[mpnfomoemh
&dyo
f mtwGi;f rSm&Sw
d hJ em,uq&m
awmfjzpfwhJ q&mawmf OD;ol&,
d

&Syd gw,f/ aemufNy;D awmh bke;f BuD;

eJt
Y wl a0,sm0p vkyaf zmfuidk f
zufjzpfwJh q&mawmfOD;0dpm&dE
(yJE,
G u
f ek ;f omoemh&yd o
f mwm0ef
usoGm;wJh OD;0dpm&dE)&Sdygw,f/
aemuf bke;f BuD; OD;,o?bke;f BuD;
wkYd av;yg;&Syd gw,f/
tJ't
D csed rf mS yJ q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;u bke;f BuD;ukd ar;yg
w,f/ ]]OD;yOif;qDrSm pufawG
b,fESvHk;&SdovJ}}/ bkef;BuD;u

43

q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;&JU toHzrf;

pufawG bke;f BuD;u ukid x
f m;yg
w,f/ tJ'rD mS bke;f BuD;uyJ toH
zrf;ay;wmygyJ/ wdyf&Daumf'gESifh
bke;f BuD;zrf;w,f/ 'Dvu
dk ufquf
eJv
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hJ wGuf
aMumifh q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;&JU
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qDrmS pufawG b,fEv
S ;kH &So
d vJ
vkaYd r;awmh bke;f BuD;u (3)vH;k &Sd

Ahpamada Form - 44

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h oHxJ

44

rSm jyefNyD;em;axmif&if; tckbek ;f

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Ahpamada Form - 45

wkid ;f oDvay;&if;? oDvay;&if;?

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BuD; pHvGefawmfrlNyD;p tcsdef
umvawGrSm bkef;BuD;ukdac:NyD;

45

awmh Mo0g'ay;ygw,f/
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Ahpamada Form - 46

xJrmS jzpfaeNy;D awmh bke;f Bu;D rSm csw

D kH
cswHk? csDwHk cswkHjzpfNyD; q&m
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aumif;Ekd;Ekd;? avQmuf&aumif;
rvm;? ravQmufbaJ e&aumif;
rvm; bkef;BuD;rSm 'Dvdkjzpfaeyg
w,f/ tJ'v
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uJbmyJjzpfjzpf vl&iS ;f wJt
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avQmufzYdk ESpBf udrw
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bke;f BuD;&JUaemuf ra&S;raESmif;rSm

46

ygbJ OD;ol&,
d &,f? OD;0dpm&dE& ,f
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Ahpamada Form - 47

tJ'DrSm
q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u
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ykdif;tcsdefrSmygyJ/ 'DvkdyJ ]]'Dursufpad yguf? em;ayguf? ESmacgif;
ayguf? vQmayguf? uk,
d af yguf?
pdwaf yguf? 'D'gG &ajcmufyg;uae
NyD;awmh bmrQudavomawGrQ
0ifrvmawmhb;l /}}tJ'v
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cPav;MumwJt
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jyefyw
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bkef;BuD;wkdYtm;vHk; tukefod
w,f? wpfyg;eJYwpfyg;ukdvnf;
owdxm;rdw,f/q&mawmfb&k m;
BuD; pum;awG jyefjyefydwfae

" r & o r * Z if
;

w,faemfvYdk jyefNyD; bke;f BuD;wkYd

'gvnf; ajymrdw,f/ q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;[m tJ'v
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vnf;yJ olpY um;av;awG jyefjyef
ydwo
f mG ;w,f/tJ'v
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bk&m;BuD;&JU pHvGefawmfrlcgeD;
'D&ufyidk ;f av;? vykid ;f av;twGi;f
rSm q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;&JU xl;jcm;
rIav; awGayghav/ tckvdk q&m
awmf bk&m;BuD;&JU pum;awGaygh/
'gav;awGukdvnf; bkef;BuD;wkdY
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ud-k
ar;/ wynfah wmfwYdk rsufjrif
awGUvku
d &f wmawG 'Dv/dk
q&mawmf b k & m;BuD ; &J U
jyu'ed rf mS Mo*kwv
f (13)&ufaeY
jzpfaewmawGU&ygw,f/
ajz/ [kwyf gw,f/ 82-ckEpS ?f
Mo*kwf(13)&ufaeYygyJ/
ar;/ q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; p
jzpfwmu Mo*kwv
f (12)
&uf r[kwv
f m;bk&m;/
ajz/ [kwyf gw,f/pjzpfwhJ (12)
&ufaeY nuyJ q&mawmf
bk&m;Bu;D u tJ'(D 13)&uf
aeYudk ausmfNyD;awmh a&TUxm;wm
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u wpfaeYudk
wpf&u
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Y molyJ
a&TUw,f/ tJ'jD yu'ed [
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xm;cJw
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d nf;yJ &uf
uav;ausmfNyD;awmh q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD; jzpfr,fhaeYukd BudKNyD;
awmh a&TUay;xm;cJw
h mukd awGU&
ygw,f/ tJ'v
D dk xl;jcm;rIav;awG

47

aygh/ 'gawGudk b,forl QavQmuf

rajymeJY/ wjcm;bkef;BuD;&JU &if;
csmwJh 'umwpfOD;uaeNyD;awmh
q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;ukd avQmuf
w,f/ oluvnf;yJ reufapm
apmxNy;D awmh w&m;tm;xkww
f hJ
yk*dvfjzpfawmh 'um&JUtrnfukd
awmh bke;f BuD;razmfvydk gbl;/ tJ'D
'umu bmavQmufvJqkdawmh
wynfah wmfb&k m;? eHeuf(2)em&D
avmufqdk wynfah wmfE;dk ygNy/D (3)
em&DrS pHausmif;u zGifhwmukd;/
w&m;xkid zf [
Ykd mav?tJ'v
D dk wynfh
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f &m;eJY vuf
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dk w
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hf m;ovkyd J vif;ae
wmuk d awG U &ygw,f b k & m;vk d Y
avQmufw,f/ avQmufwJhtcg
umvusawmh q&mawmfb&k m;
BuD;u ]]'umBuD;u 'gawGb,f
olrQ avQmufrajymeJYaemf}}'Dvkd
ydwv
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dk w
f mvnf; &Syd gw,f/ 'g
bke;f BuD;u tem;rSm&Sad evkYd 'gukd
bkef;BuD;odvkdufwm/
ar;/ tJ'aD wmh pHveG af wmfrl
r,fhaeY? tJ'DaeYupNyD;
pHveG af wmfrcl geD;wJh wpf
ywf?ESpyf wf? wv? ESpv
f qko
d vkd
udpa v;awG xl;jcm;csuaf v;awG
xif&mS ;aeovkd pHveG af wmfrrlcifu
aemufq;kH Mo0g'awG? q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;&JU aeYpOfyHkrSefvkyfief;
awG? pHveG cf geD; xl;jcm;csufawG
ukd usefao;&if trde&Yf ydS gbk&m;/
aemufvqufzwfyg&ef

Ahpamada Form - 48

" r & o r * Z if
;

q&mawmfOD;Munf
(yckuL oJyHkapwDawm& OD;udwd)
(1204 - 1288)

"rmp&d,OD;aX;vIdif
(&[EmESiyhf *k Kd vfx;l rsm;pmtkyrf S xkwEf w
k w
f ifjyonf/)
(,cifvrStquf)

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aom awmxJ raevkjd cif;? w&m;bm0em r&So
d l
tqufqufu &[ef;jyKay;Mujcif;? uk,
d u
f siu
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bm0ema0;jcif;? ynmoDv ("r? 0de,)ESiphf yfaom
pum;ukd rodjrifawmhjcif;? vufopf acwfay:
w&m;qef;rsm;uko
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BudKuf uk,
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um umrbm*Dwu
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hJ Ydk 0wfpm; aexkid jf cif;?rmwk*gr
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&[ef;awmfrsm;} taMumif;ukd TefjyawmfrlcJh\/
tmPdow
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q,fEh pS ,
f Zl emuyif Mum;&onf/ umvMumaom
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tax;csnf;om usef&adS wmh wpfq,fEh pS ,
f Zl em

bk&m;Asm'dwf omoemuG,faMumif;rsm;
(1) bk&m;&Sif oufawmfxif&mS ; &Spd Ofu
t&Siu
f rd v
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f m; tem*wfomoema&;
ukd arQmfawG;avQmufz;l \/
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d af vsm
nDaxG jyKrljcif;)trI rdrk aojyKrljcif;}}rsm;aMumifh
omoemuG,Ef idk af Mumif; (t*Fw
k & yOu? owu
udrv
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(2) yOuedygwf o'ro
arm[ oH;k okww
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vnf; ]]w&m;awmfudk us,u
f s,jf yefjY yefY tdt
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oifMum;? em,laqmifxm;jcif;r&S?d pOf;pm; usifyh mG ;
jcif;rjyK? rSm;,Gi;f pGm oif,yl cYdk sjcif;? EIwv
f x
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oHCmuGjJ ym;jcif;}}rsm;aMumifh omoemawmf arS;rSed f
&aMumif; a[mawmfro
l nf/
(3) xkd yOuedygwfyif ]omoemaemifa&;
awGUrnfah b;}[k qdx
k u
dk af om tem*wb,okwf
av;okw&f &dS m a[mawmfrv
l &dk if;um; okjYd zpf
onf/

48

Ahpamada Form - 49

rqkx
d m;bd? Z&yftwGi;f rSmyif oJo
h rhJ Qom Mum;&
awmhonf/
xkd OyrmuJo
h Ydk aemifwpfacwfwiG f tppf
trSef bk&m;a[m w&m;awmfrsm;? pmayusr;f *efrsm;
ukd em,lrw
S o
f m; oifMum;avhvmvkpd w
d f r&SMd u/
om0ursm;? Am[d& ta&;tajymaumif;olrsm;\
ygXfteuf t"dyg ,fjznfph u
G f y,fEw
k f jyifqif uk,
d f
vkdcsifovkdqGJ a&;aompmrsm;? tqef;wMu,f
a&;om; a[majymaom okwe v
f ufopf? w&m;
tawG;tac: tqef;tjym;wkdYukdom ta&;w,l
em,lrw
S o
f m; zwfMum;avhvmvkMd urnf/ xkt
d cg
tmPupnfBuD;uJhokdY w&m;tum tzmtax;
tavS;tzsif;wko
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uG,fvwHU[k a[mawmfrlcJhonf/ (tmPdokwf?
ed'ge-457-ESihf wdu edygwf? uu#Zmwf-308/)
(5) ]aemifwpfacwf &[ef;awmfrsm;}ESiphf yf
uvd*&F okwf a[mawmfro
l nfrmS ]]vdp0 rD if;om;wko
Yd nf ynmtwwf oif,l
rI rarhravsmh opfom;wH;k acgif;tH;k aeMuojzifh
tZmwowf BuHr&Ekid /f umvMumaomf xkrd if;om;
wkYd El;nHah om ajcvuf&u
dS ek o
f nfjzpf El;nHah om
tdy&f m vJraYdI cgif;tH;k ukd tH;k vsuf aexGuaf tmif
tdyMf uvwUH / xkt
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tcGifh&vwHU/}}
]]xkt
Yd wl ,cktcg &[ef;wko
Yd nf ravQmh
aom vHv
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aemufumv &[ef;wko
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&SMd uukeo
f nfjzpf El;nHah om tdy&f m ae&m vJrYdI
acgif;tH;k ukd tH;k vsuf aexGuaf tmif tdyu
f ek Mf u
vwUH / xkt
d cg rm&fewf yl;0ifciG o
hf mvwUH }}[k &[ef;
wkYd bm0em owdw&m;ESihf 0D&,
d tm;enf;vsuf
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uG,af ysmufaMumif; jzpfonf[k a[mawmfrv
l adk y
onf/
(6) xdek 'd ge0*o,
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k f ygVdawmf (422)yif
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omoemuG,&f yHu
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f trnfum; o'ry#dlyu
ok w f [kac:onf/ &Sirf [muyu bk&m;&Sif

" r & o r * Z if
;

49

tm; avQmuf a[mawmfral om okww

f nf;/ &Sif
r[muyu]]jrwfpmG bk&m;? a&S;tcgu 0denf;ynwf
rsm; enf;yg;aomfvnf; w&m;xl;&onfh yk*Kd vfrsm;
rsm;jym;Muygonf/ ,cktcg 0denf;ynwfrsm; rsm;
jym;ygvsuf tb,fah Mumifh w&m;xl;&onfh yk*Kd vf
rsm; enf;yg;vm&ygoenf;}}[k avQmuf\/ xkt
d cg
jrwfpGmbk&m;uvlwYdk oufwrf;wk
d omoem uG,v
f v
k wf
aomf okyYd if jzpfNrJ? avmu a&Ttwk ray:ao;
orQ a&Ttppf ruG,fouJhokdY (aps;rusouJhokdY)
w&m;twk ray:ao;orQ w&m;ppfrsm; ruG,yf
ao;/ pifppf a0[yKd vfjA[mb
h w
Hk idk af tmif urmukd
zsuq
f ;D Ekid af om ajr-a&-av-rD; tiftm;tBuD;rm;
qHk;aom "mwfBuD;av;yg;wkdYyifvQif omoem
awmfudk rzsuq
f ;D ruG,yf apEkid /f (0g'wpfyg; bmom
jcm;um; qkzd ,
G rf &S/d #Dum/)omoemawmfudk zsuq
f ;D
azsmufuG,frnfh tcsnf;ESD;aom a,mufsm;um;
(oHudk oHzsuf oHacs;wuf [louJo
h /Ydk t|uxm)
omoemabmiftwGi;f yif &Sad e\/ odum yk'f
ynwfcsuw
f Ydk rsm;jym;aomfvnf; ukepf nf0efxyk rf sm;
ukd o,faqmif&aom avSonf 0efrsm; epfjrSKyf&
ouJhokdY r[kwfacs/ (odumyk'frsm;jcif;ESifhrqkdif/)
&wemoH;k yg;? odum ? orm"dw&m;wkYd av;pm;
wkyyf syrf I r&Sjd cif;aMumifo
h mvQif omoemoufavQm
uG,af ysmuf&acsonf}}[k a[mawmfr\
l /
um; xko
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k \
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t|uxm q&mum; Zif;r,fyPmo?
vvdw0dwm &wku
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hJ adYk om usrf;pmtwkrsm;vdk y&d
,wu
d ,
G af Mumif;ukv
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tvkycf iG w
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dk ef Ad m ef[k xifrmS ;wwfojzifh
y#dywftrSefw&m; uG,faMumif;ukdvnf;aumif;
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d moemuG,af Mumif; w&m;rsm;ukd tcsKyf
tm;jzifh zkrax&f a[mawmfrx
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q&monfyif ed,jrefrmjyefaomtm;jzifh jrefrm
Ekid if H y#dywo
d moemtm; owday;awmfrcl zhJ ;l onf/

Ahpamada Form - 50

&wemoH;k yg; tdt

k aowefro
I nf BuD;pGm
aom omoemuG,af Mumif;jzpfonfudk tBudrBf udrf
a[mawmfrcl NhJ yD/ apwDyk yf mG ; bk&m;&ifjyifwYdk vnf;
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w&m;aqG;aEG;&m? w&m;pmtkyf ukid w
f ,
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ok&d mvnf;aumif;? &[ef;oHCmrsm;ukd qufqH
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jcif;?xm;okdjcif;rsKd;onf rdkrao rav;pm;&m
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f sufu
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ae&rnfudk axmuf
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q&mwkYd zGiq
hf Mdk uonfudk rjyawmhNyD/

" r & o r * Z if
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ta,mifrsm;om jzpfonf/
y&d,wf rSwaf usmuf raumif;? r&S
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50

Ahpamada Form - 51

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51

Ahpamada Form - 52

uREfkyfi,fpOfu tar;
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avmufonfh todmPfprG ;f tif

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ygonf/

Ahpamada Form - 53

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53

udpu
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Ahpamada Form - 54

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d;k &Si;f vSaom w&m;a'oemawmf
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onf/ xdaYk Mumifv

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54

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Ahpamada Form - 55

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avQmufxm;aomtcg rdwfaqG

55

rsm;ESihfomae&vQif rdrd\ cED

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awmfu &Si;f jyonf[k qdyk gonf/
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Ahpamada Form - 56

xGuaf wmh ,aom"&meJY &m[k

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bl;? BuD;vmatmif apmif[
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kd pf D wm0efu,
kd pf D
awmh &Sad eMuygonf/
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d ,
kd w
f idk t
f wGuf
wm0efausyGefrI?
2/ rdr0d ef;usif (rdom;pk?
aqGrsdK;)twGuf wm0efausyGerf ?I
3/ vlom;rsm;twGuf
wm0efausyGefrI/
wm0ef0w&m;rsm;onf
tavmif;awmfrsm;twGuf1/ avmuwp&d,?
2/ mwwp&d,?
3/ Ak'w
p &d,[k ac:qdk
ygonf/
omref v l w pf a ,muf
taejzihf rdru
d ,
kd w
f idk f twGuf
awmh tenf;qHk;wm0ef,l&yg
awmhrnf? xdx
k uf pGr;f Edik rf nfqkd
vQif rdr0d ef;usiftwGuf wm0ef
ausatmif BudK;pm;&ygvdrrfh nf?
'kwd,wm0eftxd ausEkdifNyD[k
qdv
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NyD[k ac:&ygvdrrfh nf/

" r & o r * Z if
;

cufonfu vlom;rsm;
twGu?f Edik if aH wmftwGu?f tzGUJ
tpnf;wpfckvHk;twGuf wm0ef
ausyG e f j cif ; yif jzpf y gonf /
xd k w m0ef o nf omref v l w pf
a,mufqDodkY a&mufrvmwwf
ovdk omrefvlwpfa,mufu
vnf; xdw
k m0efukd ausyeG af tmif
BudK;pm;Edkifvdrfhrnf rxifyg/
onfw
h m0efonf acgif;aqmif
aumif;rsm;twGuf oD;oefx
Y m;&Sd
&ygrnf/
,aeY bmoma&; acgif;
aqmifrsm;? Edik if aH &; acgif;aqmif
rsm; &SMd uygonf/olwo
Y k d nf tav;
*g&0jyKrIudk trSefwu,fcH,l
xdu
k yf gonf/ odaYk omf bmoma&;
acgif ; aqmif r sm;onf ol w d k Y
bmomtwGu?f Edik if aH &;acgif;aqmif
rsm;onf olwEYkd ikd if t
H wGurf Qom
jzpfonf/ olw\
Ykd pGev
Yf w
T f tepf
emcHro
I nf tueft
Y owf&o
dS nf?
ol w d k Y y g&rD o nf v nf ; tuef Y
towf&Sdonf/
bk&m;tavmif;awmf\
avmuwp&d,(ow0grsm;tusKd ;)
[lonf ow0guefo
Y wfcsufr&S?d
rnfolawGtwGuf jznfhusihfae
onf[k rxif&? yg&rD jznfEh idk f
onf[q
k adk p jznfrh &d ef tvGef
cufcv
J o
S nfh udpj zpfygonf/
Oyrmtm;jzih f wpf
a,mufa,muftwGuf wpfckck
vkyfaqmifay;jcif; jzpfygonf/
rd r d \ ul n D r I a Mumih f tusd K ;&S d
oGm;rnfh vlwpfa,mufukd awGU
Ekdifonf? xdkYaMumihf jyKrl vkyf
aqmif z d k Y v nf ; eD ; pyf y gonf /

56

avmuwp&d,u cufcJvS
ygonf/ tavmif;awmfwpfyg;
wnf;uom opmw&m;udk &SmazG
&ef awmxG u f a wmf r l c J h o nf ?
bk&m;jzpfNyD;aemuf a[mMum;
rnfh opmw&m;udk emMum;&ef
ow0grsm;u tqifoihf jzpfrae
Mu? pdw0f ifwpm;vnf; odyrf &Sd
Muyg/
"rpMumw&m;a[mMum;
&ef rd*'g0keo
f Ykd <u&myif Oyu
ESihfawGU&ef taMumif;&Sdojzifh
aumif;uifrSr<ubJ ajcusif
<uawmfro
l nf? awGUonfq&kd m
vnf; w&m;&onfr[kw?f w&m;
udk pdwfygvufyg emMum;onf
r[kw?f ]][kay,sm0kaom}}(aMomf
. . b k & m;jzpf w ,f q d k w m [k w f
aumif;yg&JU) [laom pum;jyef
wpfceG ;f om &&Sad wmfrcl o
hJ nf/
rQjzihyf if rdik af ygif;rsm;pGmc&D;udk
vSr;f <uawmfrcl o
hJ nf/ onfyif
avmuwp&d,jzpfygonf/
wm0efESihf0w&m;(3)
ckukd vlwpfa,mufu wpfcsdef

Ahpamada Form - 57

tqHk;r&Sd?
tuefYtowf
r&Sdaom
ow0gtm;vHk;twGuf
rdom;pkESihf
aqGrsdK;wm0efwdkYudk
tavmif;awmf
ypfcGmawmfrlcJh
&ygonf/

" r & o r * Z if
;

wnf; jznfhqnf;Ekdifvdrfhrnf
r[kwfyg/ rdrdtwGufusihfcdkuf
(twwp &d,)? mwwp&d,udk
cRwf,Gif;aumif; cRwf,Gif;apyg
vdrhfrnf/ xdkYtwl avmuw
p&d,udkusihfcdkuf mwwp&d,
cRwf,iG ;f Ekid yf gonf/
EkdifiHwm0ef? bmoma&;
ponfh tzGJUtpnf;wm0efudk
aus>yefcsifaom vlom;wpf
a,mufonf rdom;pkwm0ef?aqGrsKd ;
todik ;f t0dik ;f wm0efukd rsufu,
G f
jyK&ygawmhrnf? odkYr[kwfvQif
wm0efauszdYk cufcyJ gvdrrfh nf/
tavmif;awmfvnf;vifom;wm0ef?zcifwpf
a,muf \ wm0ef ? rif ; om;
wpfyg;\wm0ef ponfw
h m0efrsm;
&Syd gonf/ wm0efukd ausyGef
jcif;onf 'kw,
d wef;pm;jrihjf rwf
olw\
Ykd udpr Qom jzpfayonf/
wm0efrsm;udkom ausyGefzdkY
BudK;pm;rnfqv
kd Qif tBuD;av;qH;k ?
trGefjrwfqHk;wm0efudk ,lEkdif
vdrrfh nf r[kwaf wmhyg/tavmif;
awmfonfvnf; ]]twkv}} jzpf
vdrrhf nf r[kwaf wmhyg/
aqG r sd K ;tod k i f ; t0k d i f ;
twGuf rdr\
d ud,
k af &;ud,
k w
f m
udk wpfcPjzpfjzpf ab;z,fxm;&
wwfygonf/
Ekid if EH iS b
fh mom?vlrsdK;a&;
wdkYtwGuf rdom;pkESihf aqGrsdK;
tokid ;f t0dik ;f wdu
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G jf yK&
wwfygonf/
tqH;k r&S?d tueft
Y owf
r&Sad om ow0gtm;vH;k twGuf
rdom;pkESihf aqGrsdK;wm0efwdkYudk

57

tavmif;awmf ypfcGmawmfrlcJh
&ygonf/
onfum; omref
vlom;wpfa,muf\ wm0efEiS fh
ywfoufy?kH tusdK;oufa&mufykH
wdo
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bk&m;tavmif;awmfonfrdr\
d
oAnKwmPf
awmftwGuf (Ak'w
p&d,) jznfh
usihf&if; rdom;pk? aqGrsdK;wdkY
twGuf (mwwp&d,) usiafh wmf
rlonf/ ow0gcyford ;f wdt
Yk wGuf
(avmuwp&d,) jznfu
h si&fh if;jzihf
a&S;ESpfrsdK;vHk;udkyg jznfhusihfawmf
rlcyhJ gonf/ xdaYk Mumifv
h nf; bk&m;
&Sio
f nf twkr&Sd jzpfawmfrcl yhJ g
onf/
]]yg&rDqdkwm bmvJ
tbdk;}}
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l &Ykd UJ usi0fh wf
vdkY ajym&rSmayghuGm}}
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k d m b,favmuf
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enf;eJY csJUMunfh&ifawmh tjym;
oHk;q,fayghuGm}}
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b,fvv
kd J tbd;k }}
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udpu
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uREkyf Bf uD;atmif apmih[
f k ajymcJh
ygonf/

apmaevwf(r[moEdokc)

Ahpamada Form - 58

" r & o r * Z if
;

i,fi,fu &zl;wJh pm
wpfy'k &f UJ tykid ;f tpyg/
]]rk;d &Gm&ifaemfu,
G ?f bm
bmeJYrkd;yghr,f? . y'krmMumdk;ukd
xD ; vk y f v k d Y r k d ; . . } }
t&ifuawmh oli,fcsi;f
awGyg/ tckawmh 'um? 'umr
wkYd ac:&NyDaygh/ olwu
Ydk pmrla&;
ay;ygvkYd awmif;cHwt
hJ wGuf ]a&;
ay;OD;r,f}qkw
d hJ pdwu
f av;awmh
jzpfrdxm;ygw,f/
reufjzefreuf w&m;
a[mzkYd tpDtpOf&w
dS ,f/ pmrlu
ta&;BuD;NyDwJh/ tck 'DnrSmyJ
a&;zkdYtcsdef&w,f/

rkd;awGonf;aew,f
"r'lw t&SifaqudE
'gawmif tckav;wGiyf J w&m;
pum;tar;awG vma&muf
ar;jref;MuwJh 'umoHk;a,muf
jyefomG ;cgp? tcsdeu
f nuk;d em&D
ausmfaeNyD/
pma&;r,fqw
dk phJ w
d ef t
YJ wl

ausmif;wke;f u oli,fcsif;awG&UJ
yH&k yd af wG jyefay:vmw,f/tm;vH;k
vkv
d ydk gyJ/ q&m? q&mrawGa&m/
k;H 0efxrf;awGa&m? olyY &kH yd u
f ajy;
0ifvmvkduf? rif;yHk&dyfu ajy;0if
vmvku
d ?f ola&m rif;a&m tNrJyg

58

Ahpamada Form - 59

aewmuawmh uk,
d yhf &kH yd yf gyJ/
tm;vH;k ukd jyefNy;D owd&
vku
d w
f t
hJ csed rf mS i,fwek ;f u zwf
pmpmtkyw
f pftyk &f UJ pmrsufEmS u
Mum;jzwfNy;D ay:vmw,f/uav;
i,fav;awG? uav;wpfa,muf
u Mumd;k BuD;ukd udik v
f ?Ydk Mum&Guf
ukd xD;vkyd J acgif;ay:rSm ajrSmuf
wifxm;w,f/
Mumd;k uvnf; aysmah o;
ao;? Mum&Guu
f vnf; vefwef
wef? rkd;pufawGuvnf; cyf
apmif;apmif;? rk;d uvnf;&Gm? av
uvnf;wkduf ajAmif;qefaewJh
yH&k yd af ygh/ uav;i,f&UJ vHck snf
atmufem;awGawmif avvSev
f Ydk
vefaeMuao;w,f/
aumufcsucf sMunfv
h u
dk f
rdw,f/
rk;d uvnf;onf;? avu
vnf;xef? xD;vkyw
f hJ Mumd;k u
vnf; vefqadk wmh? wpfu,
kd v
f ;kH
pkd&TJNyD; vrf;avQmuf&cufaeNyD/
tckrS ab;y&dowftaeeJY aumuf
csufcsMunfah wmh 'kua &mufae
w,faygh/
'gayr,fh i,fwkef;u
'DvkdjzpfaewmukdyJ aysmfp&mBuD;?
aysmpf &mtaumif;qH;k xJu taysmf
wpfckaygh/
oli,fcsif;awG t&G,f
a&mufukefMuNyD/ ri,fMuawmh
bl;/ wcsKdUu ukrP
yD idk &f iS Bf uD;
awG? wcsKdUu ppfbuft&m&Sd
BuD;awG? wcsKdU e,fbuft&m&Sd
BuD;awG/ wcsKdUu vrf;ab;rSm
jznf;jznf;? wcsKdU jrefjref? [ef
olvnf;jzpf? r[efolvnf;jzpf

ukefNyD/

" r & o r * Z if
;

t&G,fa&mufaeMuwm
vm;/ ri,fMuwmvm;/ t&G,f
awmh rvGeaf vmufao;bl;eJw
Y l
ygw,f/
i,fpOfu trkd;rvHkbJ?
rk;d onf;avxefxu
J dk avQmuf&
wm aysmfp&mvkYd wGuq
f cJw
h o
hJ l
awG tcka&m avmuvrf;ay:rSm
rk d ; uonf ; ? avuxef a ewJ h
tcku
d f aysmfp&mvkyYd J wGuq
f ae
Muwke;f eJY wlygw,f/
i,fwek ;f u taysmf? xD;
r[kww
f hJ Mumd;k ukd xD;vkyv
f rYdk ;dk
cJw
h ,f/ rk;d rvHak yr,fh aysmfw,f/
avrumayr,fh aysmfw,f/
tck taysm?f trk;d r[kwf
wJt
h rk;d ukd trd;k vkyNf yD; rk;d aeMu
wkef;yJvm;/
oli,fcsi;f awGudk ar;wm
yg/ q&m? q&mrawGudk ar;wm
yg/ BuHKqHck w
hJ o
hJ al wGudk ar;wmyg/
ajzvkduajzyg/ rajzvkdu aeyg/
aeomxk d i f o m rk d ; vH k a vvH k
taqmufttHkxJrSm a&mufae
MuNyDq&dk if rjywfawmufao;wJh
oHa,mZOfeYJ &yfNyD;apmifMh unfo
h l
twGuaf wmh 0rf;ajrmufp&myg/
avmurk;d u onf;aeqJ
yg/ avmuavu xefaeqJyg/
y'k r m a&T M umd k ; uk d v nf ; rrI ?
uspu
f spyf gatmif qkyu
f idk x
f m;wJh
xD;ukdvnf; qGJvSefjypfvkdufEkdif
wmukad wmh *kpu
dk Mf uygOD;/
rk;d vH?k avvHt
k aqmuf
ttHx
k J a&mufaew,fq&dk ifaomf
rS bmrkd;xm;ovJ/ oufi,f
vm;? "edvm;? tifzufvm;? 0g;

59

uyfvm;? oGyv
f m;? tvlZifv
h m;?
tkwf<uyfvm;? rD;cHtrkd;vm;?
uk,
d t
hf rd t
f rk;d uk,
d jf yefMunfyh gOD;/
trkd;raumif;&if rkd;,kd
r,f/
rk;d ,d&k if tdraf qG;r,f/
tdraf qG;&if oH;k r&bl;/
tajccHtkwfjrpf b,f
avmufyJ ckid cf yhH gap? taqmuf
ttHkukd,fxnf b,favmufyJ
aumif;ygap? trkd;rvHk&if? vHk
atmif rrd;k &if tukev
f ;kH ysufp;D
ukerf mS aocsmygw,f/
b0ay;aumif;w,fvkdY
ajym&rvm;/ tajccHtw
k jf rpfcidk cf hH
w,fvYdk qk&d rvm;/ tif*sife,
D m
jzpfcJhygNyD/ omrefb0? omref
tqif?h omreftw
k jf rpf r[kwf
ygbl;/
a>c&Hy&dowf? pnf;pdrf
Opm? &mxl;*kPo
f ed ?f 'Dtaqmuf
ttHk ud,
k x
f nfBu;D uvnf; ud,
k hf
pdww
f idk ;f us wnfaqmufxm;wJh
twkid ;f xku
d o
f ifo
h vkd kyv
f ;Hk ay:
aeMuygNyD/
trk;d &So
d vm;/ &S&d if bm
trk;d vJ/ b,fvrdk ;kd xm;ovJ/
ukd,fhtdrfrSm ukd,fu
trk;d yg/ olt
Y rd rf mS olu trk;d yg/
uk,
d Ehf idk if rH mS uk,
d u
f trk;d yg/ olY
Ekid if rH mS olu trk;d yg/
uk,
d t
hf rk;d rvH&k if uk,
d hf
tdryf supf ;D r,f/ rdom;pka&m?pD;yGm;
Opma&m tm;vHk;aygh/
oli,fcsif;awGu odyg
w,f/ tif*sifeD,mBuD;awGyg/
tm;vHk;odatmif tvHk;pHkajymjy
p&m rvkw
d o
hJ al wGyg/

Ahpamada Form - 60

'gayr,fh ajym&OD;r,f/
trk;d aumif;&if rk;d vHrk ,f?
rk;d r,db
k ;l / rk;d r,d&k if tdrw
f pfcv
k ;kH
rysufpD;awmhbl; /
apmapmu ajymcJ h w J h
pum;&JU tjyefaygh/
ajymjycsiw
f t
hJ aMumif;u
wnfaqmufcw
hJ hJ tajccHtw
k jf rpf
[m wu,ftoH;k 0ifw,f/ wyf
qifcw
hJ hJ taqmufttHu
k ,
dk x
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u wefz;dk BuD;w,f/ 'guvnf;
trkd;vHkvkdYyg/
uk,
d yf J uk,
d t
hf rd &f UJ trk;d ?
uk,
d yf J uk,
d t
hf rd &f UJ tum? uk,
d yf J
ukd,fhtdrf&JU tkwfjrpfqkdwmukd
oabmaygufapcsifw,f/
uk,
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hJ vky?f uk,
d f
ajymwJt
h ajym? uk,
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ukd,fhEkdifiHyg/
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&Si&f UJ nD eErif;om;? avmupnf;
pdraf wGudk tjynft
h 0cHpm;Ekid w
f hJ
tajctae&So
d al ygh/Zey'uvsmPD
qk&d ifvnf; tm;vH;k odygw,f/olwY d k
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ovk?d bk&m;&Si&f UJ aemufawmfyg;u
ygvmwJh eErif;om;oydwyf u
dk Nf y;D
vkdufvm? Zey'uvsmPDu
jrefjrefjyefvmzkYd rSmwJt
h oH?SKd ;EGr;f
aewhJ[efawGukd yHkazmfMunfhae
&if;u arsmuftrdk BuD;wk?Yd ewforD;
wku
Yd ydk g jrifvmEkid Mf uygvdrrhf ,f/
arsmuftrdk eJY EIid ;f &rvm;
vkYd Zey'uvsmPDbufu &ifem
cJ&h wJh eE? ewforD;eJaY wGUjyefawmh
ewforD;xifc&hJ wJo
h u
l dk arsmuf

" r & o r * Z if
;

tkdrtjzpf ajymif;ypfEkdifwJheE? 'g

awGtm;vH;k u odMuNyD;om;awG
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awGeYJ awGUcJ&h jyefw,f/
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jrif? ykid cf sif/ rqkid af o;whJ oludk
vnf; qkid cf sifwhJ "mwfcyH gwJeh E
[m tckvnf; &atmif?ykid af tmif
qkid af tmif vH;k yef;aeNyDav/
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ygyJ/ ywf0ef;usifu jyuf&,fjyK
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h wGuf
aMumifah ygh/ 'gayr,fh eErif;om;
uawmh e urw?d wkww
f w
k rf Q
rvIycf yhJ gbl;/'g[m oleq
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f ,f/
'gukd olvnf; ykid cf sifw,f/ olY
txifeYJ olt
Y vkyu
f adk wmh [kwf
w,fyJ xifaewmaygh/
tm;vH;k ukd ajymjycsifwm
yg/'DtxJrmS e urwad wG trsm;
BuD;&Sad er,fqw
dk mvnf; odoifh
oavmuf odxm;ygw,f/
trkd;rvHk&if rkd;,dkr,f/
wpftrd v
f ;kH ysufp;D r,f/ tJ'v
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pdwfukd trkd;vHkatmif rrdk;&if
tm;vHk;qif;&Jr,f/
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yg/
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yg/ owdqkdwm pdwf&JUtajccH

60

tkwjf rpfyg/ orm"dwYdk 0D&,

d wkYd
qkdwmu pdwf&JUtaqmufttHk
ukd,fxnfaygh/
pdww
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rvnfao;&if aeygap/ em;vnf
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yJ em;vnfygapOD;/
tck uk,
d phf w
d rf mS trk;d
jzpfwhJ mPf&&dS if pdwcf sr;f omr,f/
pdwq
f if;&J&if mPftrd;k r&Sb
d ;l
aygh/
'gav;avmufawmh od
apcsifw,f/ odapwJhmPftrkd;
av; wpfjcrf;avmufawmh rkd;
vkdufMuapcsifw,f/
tJ ' D mPf t rk d ; av;&S d r S
wnfaqmufcw
hJ hJ b0tdrw
f pfck
vH;k [m om,mr,f? 0ajymr,f/
mPfynmtrdk; r&Sd&ifawmh
avmuBuD;wpfcv
k ;Hk rk;d uvnf;
onf;? avuvnf; xefaewJh
twGuf taecufaeMurSmaygh/
uav;i,fb0u taecuf
wmukd taysmv
f Ydk xifv&Ydk ayr,f?h
vufawGUb0ukd taysmfygyJvYdk
[efaqmifaeHkeJY rNyD;ygbl;/
tdraf umif;aumif;rSm ae
zl;rS? t&G,u
f vnf; a&mufvmOD;
rS y'krm a&TMumd;k ukd xD;vkyv
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rk;d wJ[
h mukd vufawGUusus od
jrifvmygvdrfhr,f/
rkd;awGonf;aew,f/
owdvnf;&dS? mPfvnf;&Sd?
todjynfhpHkMuygap/
"r'lw t&SifaqudE

Ahpamada Form - 61

" r & o r * Z if
;

udk&ifBuD;&Sif0drv\
b0'kutaygif;rS
vGwfajrmufaMumif;w&m;vrf;pOf
armifaoG;cRef
(b0Murf;rS"rvrf;odkYpmtkyfrS xkwfEkwfwifjyonf)

rauG;jrovGerf S
usm;udu
k af csmif;okomefoYkd
rauG;wuov
kd w
f iG f t*Fvyd pf mt"dujzihf
yxrESpo
f ifwef;wufvsu&f adS om om;udt
k aMumif;
jyK rauG;NrKd UodYk a&mufjzpfcjhJ yefygonf/ rauG;NrKd UodYk
a&mufwikd ;f jrovGeb
f &k m;BuD;odYk oGm;a&mufz;l ajrmf?
tusihfp&Pjzihf ylaZmfcJhonfrSm q,fBudrfxuf
renf;awmhygNy/D ,ckwpfacgufwiG f om;\pufb;D jzihf
jrovGeb
f &k m;BuD;odYk a&mufcyhJ gonf/ aeYv,f(2)
em&D0ef;usif aeusu
J syJ cl sed jf zpf&m bk&m;rSm vlou
l if;
&Si;f aeojzihf tvkyv
f yk v
f Ykd aumif;vSygonf/ jrovGef
bk&m;BuD;tm; w0BuD;ylaZmfNy;D arwmyd?Yk trQa0vdu
k f
csdew
f iG u
f m; bk&m;\txufyp,w
H iG f &[ef;awmf
wpfyg;udk &dycf eJz;l jrifvu
kd &f ygonf/ &[ef;awmfrmS
ydeyf ed v
f v
DS ?DS tom;rnf;rnf;? ouFe;f a[mif;a[mif;
ESihf .../

61

jyefawmhrnfqdkNyD; a&Tom;twdNyD;aom
bk&m;BuD;tm; zl;jrifuefawmhvu
dk pf OfrmS yJ xd&k [ef;
awmfudk rawGUvdkuf&awmhyg/ t&dyfaumif;&SmNyD;
tvkyv
f yk af eavmufayNy[
D k cyfv,
G v
f ,
G af tmufarh
vdu
k yf gonf/ bk&m;ujyefvmawmh nae(4)em&D?
aeapmif;pjyKNyD/ om;vnf; ausmif;u jyefvmNyD/
tcsde&f ao;onfEiS fh a&eHacsmif;odYk c&D;qufzYkd om;
tzESpaf ,muf oabmwlnv
D u
dk Mf uonf/ om;u
a&eHacsmif;NrdKUrS q,fwef;atmifco
hJ nf/ om;onf
a&eHacsmif;NrdKUwGif &Spw
f ef;rS q,fwef;txd oH;k ESpf
aecJhonf/ xdkoHk;ESpftwGif; uRefawmfwdkYvnf;
a&eHacsmif;odYk tacgufacguf a&mufcahJ wmhonf/
a&eHacsmif;NrdKUay:ESihf NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd ordkif;0if
wefcdk;BuD;bk&m; tawmfrsm;rsm;odkY a&mufcJhNyD;NyD/
t"d|mef0if zl;jrifylaZmfcGifh&chJNyD;NyD/

Ahpamada Form - 62

um;apmih&f wm MumoGm;ojzihf a&eHacsmif;odYk

n(7)em&DavmufrmS a&mufomG ;onf/ toihaf wGU&
aom q&mpd;k u ]]uRefawmf tpfuBkd uD;qD zke;f quf
wm oH;k cgavmuf&NdS yD/ vGJ .vaJG evd/Yk tcka&muf
vmwmtawmfy?J ajymp&mawG trsm;BuD;&Sw
d ,f}}[k
c&D;a&mufrqdu
k af jymygonf/ wpfcck ak wmh xl;jcm;rI
&Sad eNyD[k uRefawmfov
d u
kd yf gonf/
]]tpfudkBuD;rodzl;? rjrifzl;wJhol? tif;
. udk&ifBuD;wpfyg;aygh tpfudkBuD;&m/ tJ'Dudk&if
BuD;u armifaoG;cRefvmvdrrhf ,fvYkd oH;k Budro
f ;kH cg
avmufajymwm uRefawmfeh m;eJY qwfqwfMum;ch&J
wm bmrQrMumao;bl;? [kwrf [kwaf pmihMf unhrf ,f
vkyaf ewke;f tpfuBkd uD;a&mufvmwm/ tHMh op&myg
Asm}}
q&mpdk;u tm;wufoa&m ajymvmav
uReaf wmhrf mS pOf;pm;p&mawG ydrk sm;vmav jzpfygawmh
w,f/ ajymp&mawGtrsm;BuD;xJu xdn
k u xdrk Qom
ajymjzpfcJhygonf/ rMumrD q&mpdk;vnf; pmoifcef;
xJoYkd 0ifomG ;av&m n(10)em&Dceft
Y xd jyefxu
G f
rvmawmhyg/ uRefawmfvnf; Hk;cef;odkY ul;NyD;
abmf'gtkyf OD;armifarmifviG (f q&marmif)ESifh tjcm;
aomq&mrsm;udk awGUqHEk w
I q
f ufygonf/ tm;vH;k u
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yg&rDun
l jD znfah om pum;rsm;jzifh qD;BudKMuygonf/
uRefawmfwu,foGm;csifaomae&mum;
ykyg;/
ykyg ;onf uRefawmf\ yxrqH;k aom
t"d|mefpcef;vnf; jzpfonf/ vGecf ahJ om q,fEpS f
avmufqDu olawmfpif? olawmfaumif;rsm;ESihf
qHak wGUcJah omae&mvnf; jzpfonf/ ykyg ;awmifuvyf
ay:u xD;oH;k qihb
f &k m;onf uRefawmft
h m; yg&rD
Ed;k apcJah om atmifajrjzpfonf/ xdaYk Mumihf ykyg ;odYk
tcgtcGio
fh ihw
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wpfacguf ykyg ;awmifuvyfxyd u
f kd a&mufawmh
rGe;f wnf(h 12)em&D 'ifceJx;kd oGm;onf/ csdeo
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f idk yf rkH mS aeYwpfaeY\
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" r & o r * Z if
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tjyefc&D;a&mufawmhrS raeYnupcJah om
ud&k ifBuD;taMumif;udk q&mpd;k u jyefqufonf/
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udk ig;ESpu
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vwfvwf wpfywf?ESpyf wfyJ &SOd ;D r,f/ tJ'w
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ajymwm armifaoG;cRefvmvdrrfh ,fvYkd uk&d ifBuD;u
ajymwm/ud&k ifBuD;oDwif;oH;k wmu usm;udu
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uav; ydyk t
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taMumif;udp& v
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ayghav/ trSeftwkdif;ajym&&if udk&ifBuD;qkdawmh
kww
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qufpyfvrYkd &cJb
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kd Te;f wmqdak wmh
enf;enf;ayghaew,f/ 'gayr,fh pdwu
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trsm;BuD;xJu tay:vGiq
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ud&k ifBuD; rtdyw
f m? rusde;f pufbaJ ecJw
h m? ig;q,fh
ig;v(55-v)&SNd yDvYkd od&w,f/ 'g[m udavom
wPSmudk atmifEidk o
f mG ;wmyJvYkd rSe;f qMunfnKd &wm
yJ/ r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmfBuD;a[mwJh w&m;wpf
yk'u
f kd tpfuBkd uD; a&;cJw
h mvnf; uRefawmfrw
S rf ad e
w,f/ tdyw
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f yd w
f m/ udavom
tm;BuD;av tdyaf vyJqw
kd m? t&d,mt&Sio
f cifBuD;

62

Ahpamada Form - 63

awG rtdyaf wmhb;l wJ}h }

]][kwfw,f . aus;Zl;&Sifa0blq&mawmf
bk&m;BuD;vnf; aeYaeYnn(24)em&D rtdyfbl;/
wpfaeY(2)rdepfavmufyJ em;w,fvYkd rSwo
f m;cJ&h yg
w,f/ r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;uawmh
uRefawmfu
h ,
kd af wGUygyJ/ q&mawmfBuD;&JU ajcawmf
&if;rSm uRefawmfnaygif;rsm;pGm aecJzh ;l w,f/ tdyzf Ykd
a0;a&m . oef;a0wmawmif rawGUcJhzl;bl;/ vGef
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h (hJ 18)ESp?f (1346-ckEpS )f avmufu zl;BuD; oHork m&
awmifrmS usihaf ewke;f u wpfaeY(22)em&D usihcf hJ
w,f/ usefw(hJ 2)em&Duvnf; tdyw
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qdkwm udavomacgif;yg;oGm;NyD; w&m;bufu
tEkid &f tm;aumif;wmudk jyaew,fvYkd xifwmyJ}}
pum;wpfajymajymESiyhf if a&eHacsmif;NrKd Ut0if
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ajrvrf;uav;ay: qufajy;aeawmhonf/ vrf;
odyrf aumif;aomfvnf; armifrsdK;rif;odr;f u um;
armif;uRrf;usifojzihf a&eHajrudk &dyfceJausmfjzwf
oGm;awmhonf/
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om;u Mum;jzwfNyD;0ifar;onf/ armif;&if;
a&Ta&mif0if;aom yif;puvyH bk&m;udv
k nf; vSr;f jrif
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bk&m;rSm uRefawmf ESpfBudrft"d|mef0ifcJhzl;onf/
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; qkawmif;jynfah om bk&m;BuD;ygwnf;/
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tckawmh ud&k ifBuD;qDyaJ rmif;uGm}}
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jzwfNy;D vSn;f vrf;aMumif;twkid ;f wtdtq
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npfnpfta&mifawGuyif acsmufcsm;zG,jf zpfaeao;

" r & o r * Z if
;

awmhonf/ wjznf;jznf;eD;vmav awmif\ yHk

oPmefrmS &ifoyfvu
dI af rmzG,jf zpf&av jzpfawmh
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rwfrwf? awmifxyd yf ikd ;f rSm tcReftwufBuD;awGEiS fh
raumif;qd;k 0g;ow0gBuD;wpfaumif em;&Guaf xmif
aeovdk &Sad wmhonf/
awmifajcvrf;auGUuav;udv
k eG Nf y;D um;udk
&yfxm;cJo
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vdu
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aemuf ae&mtxd ta&mufvm w&m;emcJzh ;l
onf[k q&mpd;k u qdo
k nf/ awmifMum;vrf;uav;
twkid ;f avQmufvmcJNh yD; rMumjrifrh rD mS yif tvGejf rif
raumif;aom caemfeD caemfeEYJ idk v
f o
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aom ud&k ifBuD;\ ausmif;uav;odYk uRefawmfwYkd
a&mufcJhMuygonf/
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uRefawmf oufjyif;aiGUaiGU tomcsvsuf
ab;bDukd tuJcwfMunfyh gonf/ tkw*f al wG? ajryHk
awG cHk;xaevsuf awmifMum;ajruGufvyfudk
ocsKif;uke;f vkyx
f m;yH&k ygonf/ ab;ywfywfvnf
wGif awmifuek ;f awmifwef;awG wHwikd ;f ozG,f 0ef;&H
aevsuf tv,fwiG f ajruGuv
f yfjzpfaeyHrk mS vnf;
xl;jcm;aeygawmhonf/
ud&k ifBuD;onf ausmif;tdu
k av;\ wHpuf
Nrdwpf eG ;f atmufwiG f 0g;ukvm;xkid t
f a[mif;wpfv;kH
ay: oufaomifo
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[k EIwq
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armifaoG;cRefygyJbk&m;/ t&Sifbk&m;ajymwJhtwkdif;
a&mufvmygNyD/ wynfah wmf&UJ tpDtpOfu t&Sif
bk&m; cGijfh yK&if yihcf sifygw,fb&k m;/ 'Du 'umBuD;
uvnf; at;at;aq;aq; ar;jref;avQmufxm;
csifwmawG &Sdaeygw,f}}[k q&mpdk;u a&muf
rqdu
k yf if vd&k if;udk avQmufxm;ygavawmhonf/
uReaf wmf ud&k ifBuD;udk zl;ajrmftuJcwfaeyg

63

Ahpamada Form - 64

onf/ tom;ndKaomfvnf; rsufEmS u 0if;NyD;Munf

aeygonf/ rsuEf mS oG,o
f ,
G ?f ESmwHay:ay: odaYk omf
. . y g;acsmif ? em;acsmif u saevsuf em;&G u f r S m
um;um;pGipfh iG ?fh vufarmif; vufwaH wGrmS td;k ay:
ta&wifqo
kd uJo
h Ykd ao;auG;usHKvSaD evsuf? vuf
acsmif;rsm;um; xl;xl;jcm;jcm; &SnfoG,faeygonf/
a0blq&mawmf? r[maAm"dNrdKifq&mawmfwdkY\
vufacsmif;rsm;udk owd&p&mjzpfygonf/
]]vdkuf&wmayghav}}
udk&ifBuD;u jznf;jznf;ajym jrefjrefxyg
onf/ xkdif&mu xvdkufrS t&yfawmfawmf&Snf
aMumif; awGUjrifvu
kd &f ygonf/ ud&k ifBuD; ausmif;ay:
wufavawmhrS ausmif;uav;\ pkwcf smyHu
k kd tuJ
cwfciG &fh ygawmhonf/ x&Hta[mif;taqG;awG um
onfah e&mum? oufi,fxef;vuf umonfah e&m
um? trd;k u usdK;wd;k usJw?J wdik af wGu ,dik ef aYJ uG;
aumuf? wcsdKUae&mawG oHyifu
kd rf xm;? ES;D ESifh
wkyu
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taqmufrcHb;l ? 'Doo
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BuD;u tpu opfyifatmufrmS yJaewm}}
ajray:rSm taersm;vdv
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tom;ta&mifonf rnf;ndKaeonf/ tom;
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zl;cJ&h aom &[ef;awmfukd owd&p&mjzpfvmonf/

" r & o r * Z if
;

'*kef OD;xGef;jrifh
a&;om;jyKpkaom

Ak'\ Mo0g' tjrKaw

rS

olawmfaumif;
tMuifoo
l nf olwpfyg;aus;Zl;ukd od
wwf\/aus;Zl;&Siu
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aumif;ESihf aygif;oif;\? rdwaf qGjzpfol qif;&Jerd hf
usomG ;aomfvnf; rsuEf mS rvTJ ckid Nf raJ om rdwaf qG
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awmfaumif;[k qkMd uuke\
f /
Zmwu? o&b*FZmwf 522/

ynm&Sdwkdhoabm
ynm&SdwkdYonf rdrdcsrf;oma&;[laom
taMumif;aMumifh ,kwrf maomtrIudk rjyKMuay/
olawmfaumif;wko
Yd nf qif;&J'u
k E iS Bhf uHKawGUaom
aMumifjh zpfap? ESyd pf ufOS ;f qJ cH&aomaMumifjh zpf
ap? cspfaomaMumifhjzpfap? trsuf&efNidK;aMumifh
jzpfap rSefuefaom w&m;ukd rpGefYMuacs/

aemufvqufzwfyg&ef

Zmwu? o&b*FZmwf 522/

64

Ahpamada Form - 65

" r & o r * Z if
;

4-a&mif
&owPSmenf;apygrS
(cvkypmbwdu"kwif)
t&SifmaPmbmo? at;apwD- rif;bl;

65

Ahpamada Form - 66

]]cvkypmbwdu"kwif
qkw
d muawmh 'D"w
k iftaMumif;
ukd rajymcif 'umtaeeJY em;
vnfatmif 0denf;aMumif;ukd
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wpfyg;yg;u ]qGr;f ,lO;D rSmvm;}vkYd
ar;wJt
h cg? ]awmfNyrD ,lawmhb;l }
y,fjrpfvu
dk w
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]awmfNyD rvkcd sifawmhb;l }vkYd y,f
jrpf v k d u f w muk d ac:ygw,f /
tJovkd EIwef jYJzpfjzpf? vufejYJzpfjzpf
y,fjrpfvu
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f hJ &[ef;[m ]r0
ao;vkYd aemufxyfenf;enf;ay;
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&[ef;u rawmif;ayr,fh 'umu
tvku
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vufcHoHk;aqmiffcGifhr&Sdawmhbl;/
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oHCmawmfu ]awmfNyD? rxnfeh YJ
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" r & o r * Z if
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awmh &[ef;u qGr;f rukeb

f aJ e
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66

&[ef;rsm;u awmfNyrD xnfeh aYJ wmh

vkYd ajym&awmhr,f/ tJovkad jym
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Ahpamada Form - 67

y0g&dwfoifhoGm;wJh
&[ef;[m
y0g&dwfoifhHkeJYawmh
bmrQrjzpfao;ygbl;/
pm;qJqGrf;ukd
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bkOf;ay;oHk;aqmifEkdifygw,f/
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aemufxyf qGrf;pm;cGifh
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" r & o r * Z if
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pyfoGm;awmh pm;yGJwpfckvHk;[m

67

vnf; tuyfysufoGm;w,fwJh
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Ahpamada Form - 68

xnf?h oydwjf zpfjzpf? yef;uefjzpf

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" r & o r * Z if
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[m awmfNyv
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tyfatmif 0denf;uHjzifh jyKpD&if

68

NyD;wJh abmZOftm[m&ukd rpm;

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avawmh yxrqG r f ; vk w f p m;
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Ahpamada Form - 69

a&eJY pm&if qGr;f wpfvw

k u
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aygh}}
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" r & o r * Z if
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awmxGu&f [ef;BuD;awG ajymwm

69

avmuf Mum;zl;aerSmuk;d / 'Dy*k Kd vf

awG u vnf ; vl a wG t jrif r S m
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wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhaeY yHo
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Ahpamada Form - 70

" r & o r * Z if
;

EkdifiHjcm;om;
bkef;awmfBuD;wpfyg;\
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tar;tajzrsm;

csrf;ajrhq&mawmf
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orD;awGu ypfxm;Muw,f/ *krpdu
k Mf ubl;/ 'geJyY J
bk;d bGm;&dyo
f mrSm txD;useb
f 0eJY b0Zmwford ;f oGm;
Mu&w,f/ rdom;pktwGi;f rSm &ufpufMurf;MuKwfrI
awG? uav;awGudk trsKd;rsKd; zsufq;D rIawG[m BuD;
rm;wJh jyemBuD;awG jzpfaew,f/ ZeD;armifESHpHk
oH;k pHrk mS wpfp[
kH m uGm&Si;f jywfpx
J m;w,f/ npfnrf;
pmay? npfnrf;ky&f iS q
f w
dk mawGuv
dk nf; vG,v
f ,
G ef YJ
zwfEidk ?f MunfEh idk Mf uw,f/ pnf;pdrOf pmtaeeJY <u,f0
csr;f omaomfvnf; b0 t&nftaoG;taeeJY qif;&J
edrfhusaeygw,f/

ar;/

Ak'b
mom[m 'gavmufaumif;aew,fq&d k if
wcsKUd Ak'b
mom Ekid if aH wG bmaMumifh qif;&J
aeovJ/
ajz/ oif&h UJ tar;rSm qif;&Jw,fqw
dk m pD;yGm;a&;
t& qif;&Jwmukd qkv
d &dk if [kwyf gw,f/
wcsKdU Ak'b
mom Ekid if aH wG qif;&JMuwmrSef
ygw,f/ okaYd omfvnf; wu,fvo
Ydk m ]b0t&nf
taoG; edru
hf sqif;&Jr}I ukd qkv
d &dk ifawmh wcsKdU Ak'
bmomEkid if aH wG[m tvGecf srf;omMuygw,f/
Oyrm-tar&duefEidk if H qkMd uygpk/Yd pD;yGm;a&;
t& tifrwefcsrf;om<u,f0NyD; tiftm;aumif;wJh
Ekid if BH uD;aygh/ okaYd omfvnf; urmrSm &mZ0wfrI &mEIe;f

70

Ahpamada Form - 71

tck jrefrmEkid if H qkMd uygpd/Yk om;orD;awGu

rdbawGudk dak ojrwfE;dk Muw,f/ jyKpkapmifah &Smuf
Muw,f/ &mZ0wfrv
I nf; wjcm;Ekid if aH wGEiS hf pmvQif
tvGeef nf;w,f/ uGm&Si;f jywfprJ w
I ?Ydk uk,
d u
hf ,
dk u
f dk
owfaorIwq
Ydk w
dk m rMum;&oavmufy/J rdom;pk
twGi;f &ufpufMurf;MuKwfrw
I ?Ydk uav;oli,fawG
ukd zsufq;D rIw?Ydk npfnrf;pmay? npfnrf;ky&f iS w
f ?Ydk
vdiq
f ufqaH &;vkid pf ifwq
Ydk w
dk m r&Sb
d ;l / tar&duef
Ekid if v
H dk Ekid if x
H uf b0t&nftaoG; ykNd yD;jrifrh m;yg
w,f/
Ak'b
momEkid if aH wGudk pD;yGm;a&;aywH wpfck
wnf;eJY wkid ;f wmvQifawmifrS tcsrf;om? t<u,f0
qH;k ? 'DaeYurmrSm pD;yGm;a&;tiftm; tawmifw
h if;qH;k
Ak'b
momEkid if u
H dk vuf;dI xk;d jyEkid yf gw,f/ tJ'gu
awmh vlO;D a&&JU 93-&mckid Ef eI ;f [m Ak'b
mom0ifawG
jzpfaewJh *syefEkdifiHygyJ/

" r & o r * Z if
;

ern Buddhist Order)[m tdE,

d jynfrmS qif;&Jom;

rsm;twGuf BuD;rm;us,fjyefw
Y hJ vlraI &; vkyif ef;awG
ukd vkyaf qmifaeygw,f/pmoifausmif;awG? uav;
jyKpkapmifha&Smufa&; XmeawG? aq;ay;cef;awG?
wpfEidk pf ufrv
I yk if ef;tao;pm;awG wnfaxmifNyD;
jyKpkysKd;axmifay;aeygw,f/
Ak'bmom0ifrsm;[m wjcm;bmom0ifrsm;
vkyd J olwpfyg;ukd tultnDay;&wm[m olw&Ydk UJ
bmomw&m; vku
d ef musifBh uHru
I dk azmfjywmyJvYdk od
jrifrw
S ,
f Ml uygw,f/ okaYd omfvnf; 'gawGudk uk,
d hf
ud,
k u
f dk rxifay:apbJ wk;d wd;k wdww
f w
d yf J vkyo
f ifh
w,fvYdk ,HMk unfMuygw,f/'gaMumifh olw&dk UJ ukov
dk f
jzpf vkyif ef;awGtaMumif;ukd oifoyd rf Mum;&wm
jzpfygvdrfhr,f/
ar;/

bmaMumifh Ak'b
momawG trsKd;rsKd;uGjJ ym;
aeygovJ/
ajz/ vlawG pm;oH;k MuwJh oMum;awGvnf; trsK;d
rsK;d &SMd uwm r[kwv
f m;/oMum;jzL? oMum;
ndK? ausmufoMum;? oMum;&nf? a&cJ
oMum; ponftrsKd;rsKd; &SMd uwmyJ/ okaYd omfvnf;
tm;vH;k [m oMum;csnf;ygyJ/ NyD;awmh oMum;wkid ;f
[m csdKMuwmcsnf;yJ/ rcsKdwhJ oMum;&,fvYdk r&Sb
d ;l /
'Dvdk oMum;trsKd;rsKd;tpm;pm; xkwMf uwmu olwYdk
ukd oH;k pJyG kH oH;k pGeJ nf; trsK;d rsK;d &SMd uvkyYd gyJ/ Ak'b
mom
vnf; xkt
Yd wlygyJ/ ax&0g' Ak'b
mom? psifA'k
bmom? trdwmbm Ak'b
mom? a,m*gpm& Ak'
bmom? 0Zd&,me Ak'b
mom ponfjzifh uGjJ ym;ae
Muaomfvnf; tESpo
f m&tm;jzifh twlwyl gyJ/ tJ'D
tESpo
f m&u bmvJqadk wmh udavomrS vGwaf jrmuf
jcif;? qif;&JrS vGwaf jrmufjcif;qkw
d hJ tESpo
f m&ygyJ/
Ak'bmom[m oljzpfay:&m ,Ofaus;rI trsKd;rsKd;eJY
[yfrad tmif toGit
f rsKd;rsKd;eJY zGUH NzdK;wk;d wufvmcJyh g
w,f/ topfjzpfwJh rsKd;quftoD;oD;eJY ukdufnD
atmif &mpkEpS rf sm;wpfavQmufrmS Ak'b
momukd jyefNy;D
t"dyg ,fziG q
hf Mdk uygw,f/ jyify yHyk ef;oPmeftaeeJY
trsK;d rsK;d uGjJ ym;aew,fvYdk xif&aomfvnf; tm;vH;k &JU

ar;/

Ak'b
mom0ifawG ukov
dk jf zpf vkyif ef;awG
vkyMf uwm odyrf Mum;rdygbl;/tJ'gbmaMumifh
ygvJ/
ajz/ Ak'b
mom0ifawGvnf; ukov
dk jf zpfvyk if ef;
awG vkyMf uygw,f/ oifrMum;rdwmuawmh
Ak'b
mom0ifrsm;[m olwv
Ydk yk w
f hJ ukov
dk f
aumif;rIawG taMumif;ukd 0g<um;ajymqkzd Ydk rvkb
d ;l
vkYd ,lqxm;MuvkYd jzpfygvdrrhf ,f/
ESpaf ygif; awmfawmfMumqDu *syef-Ak'b
m
om acgif;aqmif wpfa,mufjzpfwhJ epfckded&0gEkd
[m bmomw&m;tm;vH;k aygif;pnf;nDw
G rf I wk;d
wufa&;ukd vkyfaqmifwJhtwGuf (Templeton
Prize) wify,fvw
f efqu
k dk &&Syd gw,f/ tvm;wlyJ
,d;k ',m;Ak'b
mombke;f awmfBu;D wpfyg;u rl;,pfaq;
pGo
J rl sm;ukd uko&mrSm xl;cRefwt
hJ wGuf rufaq;
aq;qkudk &&dcS yhJ gw,f/ 1987-ckEpS w
f ek ;f uvnf;
t&Sif uE,yd0wfqw
dk hJ ,d;k ',m;bke;f BuD;wpfyg;[m
aus;vufawm&Gmrsm;rSm&Sw
d hJ tajctaerJh uav;
rsm;ukd ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGmMumatmif jyKpkapmifah &SmufchJ
wJt
h wGuf ]aemfa0uav;rsm;\ Nidr;f csrf;a&;qk}ukd
&&Scd yhJ gw,f/ taemufwidk ;f Ak'b
momtzGUJ (West-

71

Ahpamada Form - 72

A[kcd sufr tESpo

f m&uawmh opmav;yg; r*if
&Spfyg;ygyJ/
Ak'b
mom tygt0if bmomBuD;rsm;tm;vH;k
[m *kP
d ;f trsKd;rsKd; uGcJ MhJ uygw,f/ okaYd omfvnf;
Ak'b
mom *kP
d ;f trsK;d rsK;d [m tcsi;f csi;f b,fawmhrS
ppfyaJG wG rqifEcJT MhJ uygbl;/ olw[
Ydk m tcsif;csif;
b,fawmhrS &efryGm;cJMh uygbl;/ ckacwfrmS qk&d if *kP
d ;f
wpfyg;&JU ausmif;uefb&k m;ukd wjcm;*kP
d ;f wpfcu
k
oGm;a&mufNyD; twlwuG bk&m;0wfjyKMuygw,f/
wjcm;bmoma&; avmurSm 'Dvt
dk csi;f csi;f em;vnfrI
vufcn
H
D w
G rf q
I w
dk m wu,fawmh tvGe&f mS ;yg
w,f/

" r & o r * Z if
;

trSwt
f om; trsKd;rsKd;eJY &Si;f vif;azmfjyMuygw,f/
t&m&mukd wpfzufowf IjrifoHk;oyfwJhenf;ukd
tjrifusOf;pGm wG,u
f yfxm;MuwJt
h cgrSmom onf;
rcHEkdifrI? rmew&m;eJY udk,fomrSef pdwfxm;awG
jzpfyGm;ay:aygufvmwwfygw,f/
pOf;pm;Munfyh g/ t*Fvyd ?f jyifopf? wkw?f
tif'kdeD;&Sm; vl (4)OD; aumfzDyef;uef wpfvHk;ukd
MunfMh uw,f qkyd gpk/Yd tJ'yD ef;uefudk t*Fvyd u
f ]Cup}
vkaYd c:w,f/ jyifopfu ]Tasse}vkaYd c:w,f/ wkwu
f
]Pie}? tif'edk ;D &Sm;u ]Cawan}vkYd ac:w,f/ tJ'g
olYtac:rSefw,f? wjcm;vltac: rSm;w,fvkdY
uk,
d t
hf bd"mef uk,
d u
f ;dk um;NyD; taMumuftuef
jiif;cHak eMuyga&m/ tJ't
D cku
d rf mS Ak'b
mom0ifwpfO;D
a&mufvmNyD; bmrQajymraebJ aumfzDyef;uefukd
aumuf,Nl yD; armhaomufypfvu
dk yf gw,f/ NyD;awmhrS
olu [kv
d al v;a,mufudk ajymvku
d w
f ,f/]]'Dyef;uef
ukd b,fvydk J rdwaf qGwaYdk c:ac: vk&d if;u 'gukd
aumfzaD omufzYdk toH;k jyKwmygyJ? jiif;cHak evkYd bm
tusKd;&SdrvJ? aomufzkdYyef;uefukd aomufvkdufrS
tarmajyNyD; vef;qef;vmrSmaygh? tJ'g vkd&if;yJ/}}
'g[m bmomw&m;rsm;tay: Ak'b
momujrifwhJ
tjrif? xm;wJph w
d x
f m;ygyJ/

ar;/

oifu Ak'b
momukd tvGet
f xifBuD;wm
yJ/ oif[m oifb
h momw&m;ukd rSew
f ,fvYdk
,lqNyD; wjcm;bmom tm;vH;k ukd rSm;w,f
vkYd ,lqyH&k w,f/
ajz/ Ak'j rwfpmG &JU w&m;awmfrsm;ukd em;vnf
oabmaygufwhJ Ak'b
mom0if rnforl qkd
wjcm; bmomw&m; rSm;w,fvYdk rxifMu
ygbl;/ wjcm; bmomw&m;rsm;ukd yGifhyGifhvif;vif;
a0zefppfaq;zk&Yd m ppfreS w
f hJ vHv
Yk 0D&,
d ukd jyKolreS f
orQ b,forl Q tJ'v
D dk rxifMuygbl;/ bmomw&m;
trsKd;rsKd;ukd avhvmwJt
h cgrSm yxrqH;k owdjyKrd
wmuawmh 'Dbmomw&m;awG[m tcsif;csif;b,f
avmufrsm;rsm; wlnMD uw,fqw
dk hJ tcsufygyJ/
tm;vH;k aom bmomw&m;rsm;u vlom;&JU
vuf&t
dS ajctae[m auseyfz,
G rf &Sb
d ;l vkYd 0efcMH u
wmygyJ/ vlom;&JU tajctae wk;d wufv&dk if pdwaf e
pdwx
f m; tjyKtrlajymif;vJzYdk vkt
d yfw,fvYdk tm;vH;k
,HMk unfMuygw,f/bmomw&m; tm;vH;k [m arwm?
ukPm?ay;urf;vSL'gef;jcif;? vlraI &; wm0ef0w&m;
rsm; aqmif&u
G jf cif;pwJh usi0hf wfrsm;ukd oifMum;ay;
Muygw,f/ 'Dbmomw&m; tm;vH;k u tqH;k pGejf ynfph kH
wJh oabmwpfc[
k m yHo
k PmeftrsK;d rsK;d eJY &Sw
d ,fqdk
wm vufcMH uygw,f/
bmomw&m;rsm;u 'D vH;k 0OHk jynfph w
kH hJ
obm0ukd bmompum; trsKd;rsKd;? emrnftrsKd;rsKd;?

ar;/
ajz/

Ak'b
mom[m odyeH nf;usygovm;/
'Dtar;ukd rajzrD ]ody}H qkw
d hJ pum;vH;k &JU
t"dyg ,fudk &SmMunfw
h m taumif;qH;k jzpfyg
vdrrhf ,f/tbd"mefrsm;u 'Dvzdk iG jhf yMuygw,f/
]ody}H qkw
d m wu,fjzpfaewJh obm0wpfcu
k dk vuf
awGUrsufjrif MunfhIjcif;ESifh prf;oyfjcif;wkdYtay:
tajccHNyD; pepfwpfck azmfxw
k w
f yhJ nm?wdwu
d sus
avhvmprf;oyf od&x
dS m;wJh t&mwpfcek YJ ywfoufvYdk
obm0uswJh enf;vrf;Oya'rsm; owfrw
S af zmfjywJh
ynmygyJ/ tJ'yD nm&JU tpdwt
f ydik ;f wpfcck v
k nf;
odyHygyJ/
Ak'bmomrSm 'DzGifhqkdcsufeJY rukdufnDwJh
tcsuftvufrsm; &Sad umif; &SEd idk yf gw,f/ okaYd omf
vnf; Ak'b
mom&JU vk&d if;w&m;jzpfwhJ opmav;yg;
uawmh aoaocsmcsm uku
d n
f yD gw,f/ yxrqH;k

72

Ahpamada Form - 73

trSew
f &m;u 'kuo
pmyg/ 'DrmS 'kuq
if;&Jjcif;qkd
wm ukd,fwkdifawGUod cHpm;&wJh t&myg/ olYukd
t"dyg ,f owfrw
S v
f v
Ydk nf; &ygw,f/ vufawGUcHpm;
odjrifvv
Ydk nf; &ygw,f/
'kw,
d trSew
f &m;u ork',opmyg/vkcd sif
wyfrufrI wPSmukd qkdvkdygw,f/ qif;&J'kuukd
jzpfay:apwJh taMumif;jzpfwJh 'DwPSm[mvnf;
ud,
k w
f idk af wGUod cHpm;&wJh t&myg/ t"dyg ,fowfrw
S f
vkv
dY nf; &w,f/ vufawGUcHpm;odjrifvv
Ydk nf; &yg
w,f/ 'D'u
k e YJ 'ku& UJ taMumif;w&m; trSeu
f dk 'e
ynmqkid &f m pum;vH;k awGeYJ &Si;f jyzkYd rvkyd gbl;/ uk,
d f
awGU cHpm;odjrif&wJh t&mawGyg/
wwd, trSew
f &m;uawmh eda&m"opmyg/
qif;&Juek q
f ;kH wJo
h abm? qif;&JNidr;f wJh oabmyg/
'Doabmukd teEwefc;dk &Siq
f o
dk l wpfO;D OD;ukd tm;uk;d
vkYd r&ygbl;/ ,HMk unfrHk Q? qkawmif;krH QeJv
Y nf; r&
Ekid yf gbl;/ qif;&J'u
k & UJ taMumif;w&m;udk y,fowf
EkdifrSyJ &ygw,f/
pwkw trSew
f &m;uawmh qif;&JNidr;f apwJh
enf;vrf;jzpfwJh r*opmyg/ 'Dqif;&JNidrf;a&; enf;
vrf;uvnf; 'eynm oabmw&m;awGeYJ vH;k 0
roufqkdifygbl;/ owfrSwfay;xm;wJh enf;vrf;
twkid ;f vufawGUusifrh yS J &ygw,f/ 'Denf;vrf;u
vnf; tprf;oyfcH enf;vrf;yg/
odyyH nmrSmvkyd J Ak'b
momukd &Si;f jyzkv
Yd nf;
teEwefc;dk &Sif t,ltqukd vufczH Ydk rvkyd gbl;/
Ak'b
momuk,
d w
f idk u
f pMu0Vm urmavmuBuD;&JU
tvkyv
f yk yf u
kH dk obm0 ed,mrawGeYJ &Si;f jyxm;yg
w,f/
'Dtcsut
f m;vH;k u Ak'b
mom&JU odyeH nf;us
tESpo
f m&udk aocsmpGm azmfaqmifaeygw,f/ 'DrmS
vnf; uREfyk w
f u
Ydk dk Ak'j rwfpmG tNrJwap qH;k rcJw
h hJ
tqH;k tru uREfyk w
f [
Ydk m b,ft&mudrk qkd tuef;
,Hk? t&rf;,Hk r,HkrdMuzkdY? ar;jref;? pHkprf;? ppfaq;?
prf;f oyfNyD;rS ud,
k w
f ikd f awGUodcpH m;&wJh t&may:rSm
tajccHNyD; ,Ho
k ifrh S ,Hzk yYdk gyJ/ 'DtqH;k trrSm wduswJh
odyeH nf;us tjrifyg0ifaeygw,f/ &Siaf wmfjrwfb&k m;
qH;k ryHu
k -

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;

]]Asm'dwpf um; qkd ekH YJ r,HMk unfygESi/hf tpOf

tquf ,HMk unfvufcv
H mwm jzpfekH YJ r,HMk unfyg
ESi/hf owif;Mum;eJv
Y nf; r,HMk unfygESi/hf jrifjh rwfwhJ
usrf;pmrsm;rSm ygHkeJYvnf; r,HkMunfygESifh/ pOf;pm;
awG;ac:a&; wuaA'? 'eduaA'awGeYJ uku
d n
f D
Hrk QeJv
Y nf; r,HMk unfygESi/hf ajymwJv
h u
l ,HMk unf
xku
d w
f hJ yk*Kd vfjzpfrkH QeJv
Y nf; r,HMk unfygESi/hf rdrd
q&mjzpfrkH QeJv
Y nf; r,HMk unfygESi/hf oifu,
dk w
f idk f
aumif;wJht&myJ? tjypfuif;wJht&myJ? ynm&SdwkdY
csD;rGrf;tyfwJh t&myJ? vufawGUusifhBuHwJhtcgrSm
vnf; rkcs csrf;omapEkid w
f hJ t&myJvYdk uk,
d af wGU
odjrif&wJh tcgusryS J tJ'gukd ,kMH unfvufcv
H u
dk ef m
usifhBuHyg}}
'ghaMumifh Ak'b
mom[m jynfjh ynf0h 0 odyH
enf;usw,fvYdk rqkEd idk af omfvnf; tawmfcidk rf mwJh
odyeH nf;us oabmobm0awGawmh yg0ifygw,f/
NyD;awmh wjcm; bmomw&m;awGxuf ykNd yD; odyH
enf;usw,fvaYdk wmh ajymEkid yf gw,f/
ESpq
f ,f&mpkEpS rf mS tBuD;jrwfq;kH odyyH nm
&Sijf zpfwhJ tJvb
f wftidk ;f pwkid ;f u Ak'b
momeJY ywf
oufvYdk 'Dvadk jymygw,f/
]]aemifwpfcsdefcsdefrSm pMu0Vm wpfckvHk;
uk;d uG,Mf uwJh bmomw&m;wpfck jzpfay:vmvdrrhf ,f/
tJ'Dbmomw&m;[m xm0&bk&m; t,ltqukd
vTr;f rk;d oGm;vdrf rhf ,f/ w,loef w&m;ao0g'ukv
d nf;
a&SmifvEJT idk v
f rd rhf ,f/ obm0w&m;ESihf bmomw&m;
ESpcf v
k ;kH ukd vTr;f NcHKrdwhJ 'Dbmomw&m;[m kyef mrf
ESpyf g;ukd uk,
d af wGU cHpm;odjrifreI YJ t"dyg ,fjynf0h wJh
aygif;pnf;nDw
G rf aI y:rSm tajccHvrd rhf ,f/ 'Dtcsuf
awGudk Ak'b
momu tajzay;vdrrhf ,f/ wu,f
vko
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d yfcsufrsm;ukd
jznfq
h nf;ay;Ekid w
f hJ bmomw&m;wpfck &Sw
d ,fq&dk if
tJ'b
D momw&m;[m Ak'b
momyJ jzpfvrd rhf ,f/}}

aemufvqufzwfyg&ef

73

Ahpamada Form - 74

" r & o r * Z if
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d
wpfcsufckwf
&Spfcsufjywfw&m;
jr0if;('e)
0gwGi;f wpfreufcif;wGif
uRefawmfonf rkd;Sif;awm&
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d af wmfBuD; pD&ifaom ]]y#dp
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aeygonf/ xko
d Ydk zwfaepOf uRef
awmhf oli,fcsif; a&mufvmyg
onf/ uRefawmfo
h il ,fcsif;onf
a&mufvQiaf &mufcsi;f okpYd um;
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oli,fcsif;&JU}}
]]rkd;Sif;awm& ukd,f
awmfBuD;pD&ifwhJ ]y#dpo
rkyg 'fusihf
pOfvrf;usrf;} uG}}/
]]y#dporkyg'f usifhpOf
usifhawmhrvkdvm;}}
]]y#dporkyg'f usifhpOf
usifzh Ydk r[kwyf gbl;uGm/ rk;d Si;f
awm&ukd,fawmfBuD;&JU arwm
yg&rDeyYJ wfoufwhJ rdeq
Yf cdk sufudk
jyefMunfhcsifvkdYyg/ raeYu "r
pum;0kdif; wpfckrSm ig arwm

taMumif; ajymcJw
h ,f/ arwm
yg&rDukd yGm;rsm;&if wpfNydKifeuf
wnf; yg&rD&Spfyg;ukd yGm;rsm;
tm;xkww
f ,fvYdk rk;d Si;f awm&
ukd,fawmfBuD; rdefYqkdxm;wm&dS
aMumif; xnfah jymcJyh gw,f/ "r
rdwfaqGwpfOD;u rkd;Sif;awm&
uk,
d af wmfBuD;&JU tJ'rD ed MYf um;csuf
vkdcsifw,fqkdvkdY ]y#dporkyg'f
usifph Ofvrf;usrf;}ukd jyefMunf&h
wm}}
]]tckawGUNyDvm;}}
]]awG U ygNyD u G m / ]y#d p
orkyg'fusifhpOfvrf;usrf;} vkdY
qkx
d m;ayr,fh usrf;tprSm yg&rD
10-yg;taMumif; rdeq
Yf x
dk m;ouG/
rk;d Si;f awm&uk,
d af wmfBuD; rdeq
Yf dk
xm;wmu oDvyg&rD 2-yg;ukd
t&if;xm;Ny;D aeYpOfarwmyGm;rsm;
rIukd tm;xkwfr,fqkd&if yg&rD
10-yg; wpfNydKifeufNyD;w,fw}hJ }
]]rif;ajymwJt
h wkid ;f qk&d if

74

aeYpOf arwmyGm;rsm; tm;xkwf

r,fq&dk if 'geyg&rDeYJ oDvyg&rD
rStyjzpfwhJ usefyg&rD 8-yg; wpf
NydKifeufNyD;w,fvkdY qkd&rSmaygh
aemf}}
]][kww
f mayghumG ?arwm
yg&rD? t"d|mefyg&rD? 0D&d,yg&rD?
opmyg&rD? cEDyg&rD? ynmyg&rD?
eduryg&rD? Oayumyg&rDqkdwJh
yg&rD 8-yg; wpfNyKd ifeufNy;D owJ}h }
]]igawmh tckryS J Mum;zl;
awmhw,f/ &Sif;jyygOD;uGm}}
]]&Si;f jyyghr,f oli,fcsi;f
&,f/ rk;d Si;f awm& uk,
d af wmf
BuD; rdefYqkdxm;wmu 'gejyKNyD;
oDvaqmufwnfNyD; arwmyGm;
r,fq&dk if arwmyg&rDjzpfowJ}h }
]]'guawmh &Si;f ygw,f}}
]]arwmyGm;rsm;tm;xkwf
rIudk ykw;D ywfa& b,favmuf
pdyyf ghr,fvYdk t"d|mefjyKNy;D ykw;D pdyf
r,fqkd&if t"d|mefyg&rD jzpfyg

Ahpamada Form - 75

" r & o r * Z if
;

rk;d Si;f awm&uk,

d af wmfBuD;
owJ/h t"d|mefjyKxm;wJt
h wkid ;f
t"d|mefaygufajrmufatmif tm;
xkw&f if 0D&,
d yg&rD jzpfygowJ/h
t"d|mefjyKxm;wJt
h wkid ;f ayguf
ajrmufomG ;&if Ny;D pD;oGm;&if opm
yg&rDjzpfygowJh/ anmif;nmrI?
aysmfaysmfyg;yg;aevkrd w
I u
Ydk dk onf;
cHNyD; ykwD;pdyfwm[m cEDyg&rDjzpf
ygowJ/h arwmtmH&k &dS mokYd mPf
a&mufatmif vTwNf y;D wkw
Yd pftrd f
om;vH;k csrf;omMuygap? wkw
Yd pf
&GmvH;k csr;f omMuygap? wkw
Yd pfNrKd U
vH;k csrf;omMuygapvkYd mPfxJ
rSm xifjrifvmatmif yGm;rsm;r,f
qk&d if ynmyg&rDjzpfygowJ/h arwm
bm0emukd pl;pl;pkdufpkduf yGm;rsm;
aewJt
h cg xkx
d u
dk mr*kPt
f mHw
k Ydk
rS vGwaf jrmufaew,f/ tJ'v
D dk
vGwaf jrmufaewm[m edur yg&rD

jzpfowJ/h aemuf wpftrd v

f ;kH ?wpf
&GmvHk;? wpfNrdKUvHk;ukd arwmyGm;
rsm;&mrSm rkef;ol? cspfol? ukd,fh
tusK;d aqmifo?l raqmifoq
l w
dk m
awGudk rcGjJ cm;bJ wpfom;wnf;
csrf;omMuatmif yGm;rsm;jcif;[m
Oayumyg&rD jzpfygowJh}}
]]om"kyg oli,fcsi;f &,f?
om"kyg? om"kyg/ arwm? yg&rD
ukd wu,fymG ;rsm;tm;xkwrf ,f
qk&d if yg&rD 8-yg; wpfcgwnf;
NyD;aeygvm;uGm}}
]]rk;d Si;f awm& uk,
d f
awmfBuD; xyfqifrh ed q
Yf x
dk m;wm
u 'ge? oDvt&if;jyKNyD; aeYpOf
arwmyGm;rsm; tm;xkwf&rwJh/
tJ'Dvkd tm;xkwfoGm;r,fqkd&if
yg&rD 10-yg; w&m;awmfjrwfwYdk
wpfNydKifeuf tom;wufvmr,f

75

wJ/h tJ'v
D dk yg&rD 10-yg; tom;
wufatmif yGm;rsm;tm;xkwrf o
I m
uk,
d t
hf usK;d ? uk,
d phf ;D yGm;? uk,
d yf idk f
ypn;f tppf jzpfowJ/h uk,
d hf uk;d
uG,&f mtppf? uk,
d t
hf m;xm;&m
tppfjzpfowJ/h tpD;tyGm;? orD;
om;qkw
d hJ avmuDOpmpD;yGm;awG
[m ukd,fykdifypnf;tppfr[kwf
bl;wJh/ ukd,fhukd;uG,f&mtppf?
uk,
d t
hf m;xm;&mtppf r[kwb
f ;l
wJ/h 'gaMumifh tpD;tyGm;? orD;?
om;wk[
Yd m ud,
k yf idk yf pn
;f tppf
r[kwf/ udaveJY cEmqkd;wkdY&JU
tpD;tyGm;jzpfw,f/ 'ge? oDv?
bm0emwkdYom ukd,fhtpD;tyGm;
{uEjzpfw,fvkdY tenf;qHk;
wpfaeYwpfcg atmufarh&rwJ}h }
]]aus;Zl;BuD;vSygw,f
oli,fcsif;&,f/ rkd;Sif;awm&
ukd,fawmfBuD; rdefYrSmxm;ovkd
wpfaeYwpfcg atmufarhyghr,f/
aemufNyD;awmh arwmyGm;rsm;rIudk
vnf; yg&rDajrmufatmif yGm;rsm;
yghr,f/ arwmyGm;rsm;rIukd yg&rD
ajrmufatmif yGm;rsm;r,fqkd&if
yg&rD 8-yg; wpfNydKifeufNyD;w,f
qkdawmh wpfcsufckwf? &Spfcsuf
jywfjzpfaeNyD r[kwfygvm;}}
]][kwfwmaygh oli,f
csif;&,f/ wpfcsufcw
k f &Spcf suf
jywfw&m;yguGm}}
]]okv
Yd Qif uReaf wmfEiS hf
uRef a wmf h o l i ,f c sif ; wk d Y o nf
rkd;Sif;awm&ukd,fawmfBuD;\
arwmyg&rDEiS hf pyfvsOf;aom rdeYf
qkcd suftaMumif;ukd ajymjzpfcMhJ u
ygownf;/
jr0if; ('e)

Ahpamada Form - 76

taumif;ukdom &SmazGyg

" r & o r * Z if
;

Mo0g'tvif;yGifh-5
rif;eef(armfuRef;)

vlom;rSeo
f rQ ykxZk Ofcsnf;om jzpfyg\/
ykxZk OfjzpfaomaMumifh rnforl Q NyD;jynfph NkH yD[
l r&Sd
Ekid /f csKUd ,Gi;f csu?f tm;enf;csurf sm; tenf;ESit
hf rsm;
&Sad ernfom jzpfygonf/ rnfrQyif ynmwwfap?
&mxl;t&Sdeft0g&Sdap? tausmftapm&Sdap? trSm;
t,Gi;f vH;k 0uif;pifaom vlom;[l a&S;a&S;umv
wke;f uwnf; r&Scd /hJ ,ckvnf;r&S/d aemifumvrsm;
wGiv
f nf; &Sv
d rd rhf nf r[kwyf g/
todynmtm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? tusifh
pm&dwt
m;jzifv
h nf;aumif;? pGr;f aqmif&nftm;jzifh
vnf;aumif; vlom;wpfO;D csif;pDwiG f tm;aumif;
aom tcsufrsm;&So
d vkd tm;enf;aom tcsufrsm;
vnf; &Sad ernfomjzpf\/ aumif;onfw&Ydk o
dS vkd qk;d
onfwv
Ydk nf; &Srd nf/ tvif;a&mif jzma0vif;vuf
aom tpdwt
f ykid ;f wk&Yd o
dS vk?d arSmif&yd v
f rT ;f NcKH aeaom
tpdwt
f ykid ;f wkv
Yd nf; &Srd nf/rnfow
l pfO;D wpfa,muf
rQ t<uif;rJh jzLpifjcif; r&SdEkdif/ t<uif;rJh awmfjcif;
r&SEd idk /f pif;vH;k acsm ajcmufjypfuif;oJvpJ ifawG rjzpf
EkdifMuyg/

csKdU,Gi;f tm;enf;csuf[o
l nf olw
Y iG v
f nf;
&Sad eonf/ rdrw
d iG v
f nf; &Sad ernf/ oltm;enf;aom
t&mwGif rdru
d tm;omjcif;rsKd;wkYd &Sad eEkid o
f vk?d
rdrt
d m;enf;aomt&mwGif olu tm;omjcif;rsKd;wkYd
vnf; &Sad eEkid yf gonf/ ,if;okYd tvif;ESit
hf arSmif?
taumif;ESit
hf qk;d 'Gew
f aJG eaom vlom;tcsif;csif;
olwpfyg;tay: ]taumif;}ukd Munfw
h wfz?Ydk jrif
wwfzYdk vkyd gonf/ olwpfyg;tay:&Sad om ]tqk;d }
awGuo
dk m yHBk uD;csJU rD;armif;rxk;d rdzYdk vkyd gonf/
olwpfyg;\]tqk;d }awGudk BuHKBudKufawGUjrifonfw
h idk ?f
awGUumrw? jrifumrwrQjzifo
h m tqH;k owfapNyD;
pdwx
f rJ mS odr;f yku
d rf xm;zkYd vkyd gonf/
vltawmfrsm;rsm;wGif jzpfavhjzpfx&Sad om
oabmrSm olwpfyg;\ ]tusK;d }ukd rjrifwwf? rawGU
wwf? jrifawGUonfwidk v
f nf; todtrSwrf jyKcsif?
todtrSwrf jyKwwf/ olwpfyg;\ ]tqk;d }ukrd l jrif

76

Ahpamada Form - 77

vG,fawGUvG,fonf/ jrifwwf? awGUwwfonf/

todtrSwjf yKvG,o
f nf/ olwpfyg;tay: tqk;d buf
ucsn;f wGu
f Munfah omtcg xko
d t
Yl ay: txif
ao;vmonf/ rausreyfjzpfvmonf/ arwmysuf
vmonf/ olwpfyg;\ tjypftemtqmrsm;ukd rdr\
d
twGi;f oEmefxJ xnfv
h u
dk af omtcg npfErG ;f jcif;
rsm; rdrx
d H ul;pufvmonf/ rdr\
d twGi;f oEmef
jzLpifat;csrf;rI jy,fvGifhNyDqkdvQif rdrdtzkdY tIH;yif
jzpfyg\/
olwpfyg;\ ]taumif;}ukcd sn;f wGu
f Munfh
wwf? jrifwwf? IwwfvQif xko
d t
l ay: av;pm;
vmonf/ arwmouf0ifvmonf/ olwpfyg;\
]taumif;}tay: trSjD yKvsu?f rdr\
d twGi;f oEmef
arwm"mwf xGef;yvmonf/ rdrd\ESvHk;om;wGif
arwm"mwf? tat;"mwfrsm; xGe;f yvmjcif;yifvQif
r*Fvmtaygif; canmif;jynfph jkH cif;rnfyg\/ rnfoUl
tay:wGirf qkd ]taumif;}bufucsn;f yJ Munfw
h wf
rnfqv
dk Qif a'gorjzpfaMumif; aus;Zl;&Sif oDw*l
t&SifmPd&q&mawmfBuD;u okdYMo0g'ay;
awmfrlcJhyg\/
]]arwmqdkwmu bmvkyfwmvJqkdawmh
b,fou
Yl ydk J MunfMh unfh y&dowfa& aumif;onfh
bufuMunfh}}
]]rSefygbk&m;}}
]]y&dowfa& b,fbufuMunf}h }
]]aumif;onfb
h ufu Munf&h rSmygbk&m;}}
]]owavmu wpfcv
k ;kH ukd wpfa,mufcsi;f
yJ jzpfap? tpkvu
kd yf jJ zpfap? taumif;bufu Munfh
wwfr,fq&dk if a'go rjzpfb;l aygh}}
]]tqk;d bufucsn;f yJ vSnNhf y;D Munf&h ifvnf;
wpfavmuvH;k vlq;dk csnf;yJ aerSmyJ}}
]]rSefyghbk&m;}}
]]taumif;bufu vSnfhpOf;pm;oGm;&if
vnf;? wpfavmuvH;k vlaumif;csnf;yJ&rSmyJ}}
]]rSefygbk&m;}}
]]tJ'v
D dk &vmvQif uk,
d o
hf Emef a'gorjzpf
bl;wJ/h arwmbm0em&JU tajccHu taumif;csn;f }}
]]bmwJhvJ}}

" r & o r * Z if
;

]]taumif;csn;f ygyJb&k m;}}

]]ESpo
f ufp&m a&G;cs,f&Sm arwmvkYd [kd
,cifarwmw&m;yGaJ wGrmS ajymxm;zl;w,f}}
]]rSefyghbk&m;}}
]]ESpo
f ufp&m a&G;cs,
f &Sm arwm? auseyf
p&m a&G;cs,f&Sm arwm/ xkad rwmESi,
hf OS w
f hJ owd
ukd aqmufwnfom aeMuuke&f m\/ xkad rwmeJY
aexkid jf cif;ukd jA[0[
d m&[l y&dowfa& bm0d[m&}}
]]jA[0d[m&ygbk&m;}}
]]jA[0[
d m&E?d jA[0[
d m&[l bk&m;tp
&Sw
d hJ t&d,molawmfaumif;wku
Yd ? rdeq
Yf adk wmfrMl u
avukefownf;/}}

pdwu
f &dk iS ;f &Si;f xm;aeyg

77

avmuwGif usifvnfaexkdif&pOftcdkuf
pdwEf v
S ;kH MunfMunfvifvif? csrf;csrf;ajrhajrhaexkid f
rSom vljzpf&usK;d eyfygvdrrhf nf/ "eOpm&mxl;tmPm
tausmt
f apmwkYd rnfrQyif&adS eap? pdwEf v
S ;kH tnpf
taMu;rsm; ylyefaomursm; >yrf;jzifaeygu vljzpf&
usKd;reyfygay/ pdwEf v
S ;Hk [lonf O,smOfEiS hf yrmwl
ygonf/ O,smOfrLS ;\ jyKjyifapmifah &Smufru
I if;rJah om
O,smOfonf trIu
d o
f du
k rf sm;? aygif;jrufrsm;? csKEH ,
G f
ydwaf ygif;rsm;jzifh Iy,
f u
S cf wfvsuf &Sad eayvdrrhf nf/
xked nf;twl? rdr\
d pdwu
f kd owdjzifh apmifMh unfNh yD;
rjyKjyifvQif pdwEf v
S ;kH wGif rvkv
d m;tyfaom tmHk
rsm;? cHpm;rIrsm;jzifh Iyaf xG;aemufusv
d mayvdrrhf nf/
okjYd zpfaomaMumifh rdr\
d pdwOf ,smOftwGi;f okYd rvkd
vm;tyfaom tjriftmH?k tMum;tmHrk sm;0ifa&muf
rvmpdrahf omiSm umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&ayvdrrhf nf/
pifppfrl vltawmfrsm;rsm; (txl;ojzifh
trsKd;orD;rsm;)onf rdrEd iS w
hf u
dk f u
kd o
f ufqidk jf cif;r&Sd
aom olwpfyg;\taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd pdw0f ifpm;
wwfMu\/ Oyrm tjcm;vifr,m;wkYd &efjzpfonfh
udpu
ydk if ]][kad umifruom nHv
h Ydk vifEidk w
f m cHae
wm? igeJaY wGUvku
d pf rf;csifw,f}}[l rdrEd iS rhf qkid f
aom udpu
dk pdwt
f wGi;f oGi;f Ny;D ]a'go}jzpfwwfMu
\/ Murf;wrf;dik ;f ysaom 0pDuu
H dk usL;vGerf w
d wf
Mu\/ tI;H BuD;I;H avpG/ rdrEd iS hf rnforYdk Q oufqidk f

Ahpamada Form - 78

jcif;r&Sdaom udptay: taMumif;jyKNyD; rdrd\pdwf

ESv;kH aemufusdnpfErG ;f oGm;jcif;rSm rdrn
d
hH om jzpfyg
\/ rdrEd v
S ;kH oGi;f raumif;om jzpfyg\/ ajym&vQif
rdr\
d pdwu
f dk apmifah &Smuf&aumif;rSe;f odaom
]todw&m;}uif;rJah omaMumifh jzpfyg\/
rdrEd iS hf rywfoufaom olprd ;f jyifjyifrsm;\
twif;tzsi;f ukd pdwf tnpftaMu;twifcNH y;D Nred f
a&&Suaf & ajymolrsm;\ tqift
h wef;rSm edru
hf s
vGe;f vS\/ rdr\
d pdwrf oef&Y iS ;f rIu?dk rdr\
d ESv;kH oGi;f
raumif;rI? todw&m;acgif;yg;rIwu
Ydk om zefw;D jcif;
jzpfaMumif;ukd twif;tzsi;f orm;wkYd owdxm;rdav
[ef rwlyg/
vltawmfrsm;rsm;onf rdrw
d \
Ydk tay:,H
kyf&nfukd vSyatmif? oefY&Sif;atmif jyKjyifrGrf;rH
wwfMuyg\/ rIeef o
Y H m jc,fumowwfMuyg\/ twGi;f
oEmefudk oef&Y iS ;f atmif? vSyatmif apmifah &Smuf
xde;f odr;f zku
Yd m; owdr&wwfMu/ pifppfrl rdryd idk q
f idk f
avorQ t&mtm;vH;k wGif rdr\
d pdwEf v
S ;kH onf wefz;dk
t&dq
S ;kH ? trGejf rwfq;kH jzpfyg\/ trGejf rwfq;kH ?
wefz;dk t&Sq
d ;kH pdwEf v
S ;kH ukd at;csrf;atmif wnfNidrf
atmif oef&Y iS ;f atmif xm;wwfzYdk vkyd g\/ rdr\
d
pdwEf v
S ;kH ukd &Si;f &Si;f xm;aeoifah Mumif;ukd aus;Zl;&Sif
awmifwef;e,fjcm; omoemjyK q&mawmfBuD;
OD;Owrom&u okYd qk;H rawmfrcl yhJ g\/
]]b0ukd csrf;omatmifaeenf; vk&d if;ukd
om &Sif;&Sif;ajymygr,f/ pdwf&Sif;aevQif csrf;omyg
w,f/ rdrpd w
d f tmHx
k rJ mS Iyaf xG;aewJt
h aMumif;
t&mawG 0ifa&mufrvmapESi/hf vufcrH xm;ESi/hf
pdwu
f dk &Si;f &Si;f xm;vkYd aeom;usvmNyDqv
dk Qif Iyf
axG;apwJh olwpfyg;taMumif;t&ma&m?ywf0ef;usif
taMumif;t&ma&m? pdwf0ifpm;jcif; r&dSyg/ oefY&Sif;
pGm xm;avh&w
dS hJ tdr0f if;wvif;jyifay:rSm olwpfyg;
u trIu
d o
f du
k f vmypfxm;vQif vufcx
H m;csipf w
d f
r&So
d vk?d rdrpd w
d t
f mHx
k rJ mS olwpfyg;u pdwf yI pf &m
taMumif;awG vmajymoGm;aomfvnf; vufco
H rd ;f
yku
d jf cif; r&Sv
d Qif Iyu
f sef&pfrnf r[kwyf g/ tIyrf cH
ygESifh/}}
rif;eef(armfuRef;)

" r & o r * Z if
;

0dyemq&mBuD;

OD;*dktifum\
'dk[muAsm
yg&*l
bmoma&; "avhx;kH pHrsm;onf "rr[kwf
ay/ tjyifty A[d't
oGit
f jyifonf "rr[kwaf y/
"ronf pdwEf v
S ;kH oef&Y iS ;f pifMu,fjcif; jzpf
\/ ukPmw&m;jzpf\/ y&[dwtvkyf jzpf\/
arwmw&m; jzpf\/
Rituals are not Dhamma, nor
are outward exhibitions.
Dhamma is purity of mind,
compassion, service, love.

rdru
d apmifah &Smufaom "ronfomvQif
rdr\
d tapmift
h a&Smufjzpfvmvdrrhf nf/ oifonf
"rudk tMuifrQavmuf vku
d ef musifo
h ;kH \/ xkrd Q
avmufyif "ronf oift
h m; ulnaD xmufyo
hH l jzpf
vmvdrfhrnf/
Only if you guard the
Dhamma it will be your guard.
As much as you practise
Dhamma, the Dhamma is your
helper.

78

Ahpamada Form - 79

" r & o r * Z if
;

'kpdkufuH\ "m;pmcH
&ifNidrf;yGihf(pvif;)

79

Ahpamada Form - 80

raumif;rItukodkvfuH
onf jyKaomol\aemufrS EGm;
oGm;&mvSn;f bD;wdv
Yk rdS
hf xufMuyf
ruGm vdu
k o
f uJo
h v
Ykd nf;aumif;?
ud,
k rf x
S u
G af omt&dyu
f o
hJ v
Ykd nf;
aumif; tNrJvu
kd yf gacsmif;ajrmif;
vsuf&NdS yD; tcGio
fh monfEiS w
fh pf
NydKifeuf xdo
k t
l m; xd;k ckww
f u
kd f
cdkufwwfavonf/
wpfenf;qd&k aomf rdryd pf
vTwv
f u
kd af om tukov
kd 'f pk du
k f
jrm;rsm;onf wpfcsdefwGif rdrd\
&if0qDoYkd wefjyefp;l pdu
k w
f wfay
onf/
udck ifarmifEiS fh rcif0ikd ;f wdYk
vifr,m;\tjzpfonf xdo
k abm
w&m;rsm;udk kyv
f ;kH azmfjc,freI ;f jy
bdouJo
h Ykd &Sad eayonf/

wu,fawmh udck ifarmif

tm; a&wpfydkif; ukef;wpfykdif;
rkq;kd [k qd&k rnfjzpfonf/tb,fh
aMumihq
f akd omf udck ifarmifonf
uke;f ay:rSm <uufx;kd ?<uufaxmif?
iSufaxmif? ayG;wl;? ,kefvdkuf
ponft
h vkyrf sm;vkyo
f uJo
h Ykd tif;
xJ?uefxw
J iG v
f nf; ig;&SOahf xmif?
ig;zrf;wHigtvkyu
f v
kd nf; tcGifh
omovdk vkyw
f wfaomaMumifh
yifjzpfonf/
udkcifarmif\ rdbrsm;
onfvnf; rkqkd;tvkyf? wHig
tvkyjf zihf toufarG;cJMh uolrsm;
yifjzpfonf/ udkcifarmiftm;
<uufx;kd rSed ;f rsm;? <uufny rf sm;?
iSufzrf;ydkuf? ig;zrf;ydkufrsm;
tMum;wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf/ xdk

" r & o r * Z if
;

tvkyjf zihyf if udck ifarmif vlvm;

ajrmufcJh&onf/
udck ifarmif\ b0onf
rkq;kd tvkyjf zihf qufpyftrSjD yK&yf
wnfaevmcJo
h jl zpfonf/ b0\
ta&;ygonfh xdr;f jrm;vufxyf
jcif; tcef;u@onfyif rkq;kd
tvkyfu rsm;pGmtusdK;jyKcJhay
onf/ taMumif;rSm rcif0dkif;ESifh
vufxyf&ef r*Fvmaqmifp&dwf
ESifh awmif;&rf;zdYk iSuaf ysmyG?J tke;f
yGEJ iS fh vufzufyt
JG xd vdt
k yforQ
aiGaMu;udk rkq;kd tvkyv
f yk &f if;jzihf
pkaqmif;vmcJh&onf/ xdkrQru
ao;? &yf&mG u todtrSwjf yKzd?Yk
MunfjzLzd&Yk eftwGuf cJz;dk ay;&efaiG
r&So
d jzihf umvom;acgif;udk cJz;kd
tjzpf v,f<uufuifrsm;udk ay;cJh
&zl;onf/ ]]wpfaeYukd q,fuif
EIef;eJY <uufuifESpf&mjynhfatmif
ay;? &GmxJu umvom;awG
xef;&nfejYJ rnf;zd}Yk }[laom umv
om;acgif;\ pum;twkid ;f &uf
ESpq
f ,fww
d d xef;a&tjrnf;vkyf
ay;cJh&avonf/
rcif0ikd ;f ESifh ykq;kd wef;wif
tMuifvifr,m; jzpfvmonfh
tcg udkcifarmif\ om;auR;rI?
r,m;auR;rIvyk if ef;onf qdcdk NhJ yD;
onfh rkq;kd tvkyyf if jzpfonf/
rcif0dkif;uvnf; rkqdk;
r,m;yDyD udkcifarmif&SmazGay;
onfh [if;vsmom;rsm;udk &GmESifh
rvSrf;rurf;&Sd NrdKUay:u aeY0uf
aps;av;wGif a&mif;cs&avonf/
om;pdrf;ig;pdrf;onf jzpfonfh
twkid ;f yif tom;ig;csdew
f ,
G &f m
wGif tav;cd;k wef cd;k &onf/ Ny;D cJh

80

onfah eYu a&mif;ruke

f usef
aom <uufuifrsm;ud]k vwfvwf
qwfqwfyg&Si}f [k nma&mif;wef
a&mif;&onf/ xdo
k aYkd om udpr sm;
onf rcif0ikd ;f tzdYk tqef;r[kwf
awmhonfh edp"l0udprsm;yif/
wpfcgwpf&q
H v
kd Qif tvnf
vG e f a om td r f a Mumif r sm;ud k
udck ifarmifu zrf;qD;owfjzwfNy;D
rcif0ikd ;f u ,keo
f m;[k waMumf
aMumf atmfa&mif;wwfayao;\/

udck ifarmifwYkd tdraf xmif

oufonf vtenf;i,fMum
aomtcg rcif0ikd ;f \EIwrf S ]]udk
cifarmifa& .usKyfawmhudk,f0ef
&SdNyDawmh? a,mufsm;av;vm;?
rde;f uav;vm; rajymwwfb;l }}
[lonfhpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&
onf/
udkcifarmif awmfawmf
aysmfomG ;onf/ &GUJ apmif;usdK;yJah e
aom Murf;cif;0g;wdMYk um;rS wpf
qihf atmufodkYiHkYMunfhvdkuf\/
&THUvl;tdkifxJwGif wkH;vHk;vJae
onfh 0ufrBuD;\ab;wGif wtD
tD? wuGduGd toHay; tvk
t,uf EdpYk aYkd eMuaom 0ufayguf
uav;rsm;udk jrif&onf/ xd0k uf
uav;rsm;udk a&mif;&aomaiG
jzifhyif rcif0dkif;\ rD;zGm;p&dwf
twGuf toH;k jyK&rnfjzpfonf/
udck ifarmif 0ufuav;rsm;udk a&
wGu&f if; aemufu;kd vtMumwGif
jzpfvmrnfh udk,fvHk;udk,fxnf
ydmcsed Ef iS &fh rnfh aygufaps;wdu
Yk kd
cefYrSef;Munfhaeav\/

Ahpamada Form - 81

rcif0ikd ;f ud,
k 0f ef&v
dS mNyD
jzpfojzihf udck ifarmiftvkyu
f kd
Bud K ;pm;vk y f o nf / Bud K ;pm;
oavmufvnf; tusdK;&Sdonf/
olrsm;awGxuf [if;vsmom;yd&k
vmonf/ olrsm;wumawG Vif;w
rIid rf idI af eaom aeYyifvQif udck if
armiftzdkY &NrJtwkdif;&wwfay
onf/ xdo
k aYkd omtcgrsKd ; ]]iguGrkq;kd euwrf Nd y;D arG;vmwJah umif}}
[k a<u;aMumf*P
k ,
f w
l wfcahJ omf
vnf; ,ckrl ]]'g-cif0ikd ;f Adu
k x
f u
J
ighuav;&JU tusdK;ay;yJu?G rarG;
ao;cifawmif 'DavmuftusdK;
ay;ae&if arG;Ny;D BuD;vmvdu
Yk awmh
awmfawmftm;udk;&rSm}}[k tm
aygif t m&if ; oef o ef E S i h f ajym
wwfvm\/

odjYk zihf rcif0ikd ;f \ud,

k f
0efonf aeYaphvaphvmNy;D arG;zGm;
vkvk tcsdeo
f Ykd a&mufvmawmh
onf/
&GmxJ&Sd toufBuD;BuD;
rdef;rwpfOD;u udkcifarmiftm;
vly*k Kd vfurkd Munfh rcsifch sdeb
f J
q&mvkyf tBuHay;vku
d \
f /
]]armifcifarmif? rif;rvJ
tm;tm;&Sd tvum;xdkifraeeJY?
arG;&zGm;&vG,fulatmif&GwfzdkY
t*Fv
k rd mvokwf usufxm;}}
]]t"dyg,fr&Sd BuD;awmf
&m? tJ'o
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f meJY arG;&wm
vG,ful&atmif t*Fkvdrmvu
0rf;qGo
J nfrS r[kww
f m BuD;awmf
&JU? tvkyf yI cf NH yD; rusufEidk yf gbl;
Asm}}

" r & o r * Z if
;

udck ifarmifu xdu

k o
hJ Ykd
jyefyufvkdufaompum;aMumihf
q&mvkyv
f maom rde;f rBuD;crsm
]]at;yg? rusucf siv
f nf; aeaygh?
igu apwemeJY owday;wmyg}}
[kajym&if; rsufESmudk rJh&GJUum
xGufoGm;av\/
udck ifarmifum; xdo
k Ykd
aom vlrsKd ;yif/ tukov
kd t
f vkyf
awG aygif;pHkatmif vkyfcJhorQ
ukodkvftvkyf[l ESrf;aphrQyif
vkyfzl;olr[kwfay/
]]rif;- OykofaeYwkdif;
r[kwfawmif tcgwGif;av;
avmufawmh OykofapmihfOD;?
ausmif;oGm;bk&m;oGm;vkyfOD;}}
xdu
k o
hJ Ykd vlBuD;olrrsm;u
owday;aomtcgvnf;]]tlrawmifrh S oDvapmihf
Edik w
f m? usKyfu tlrawmihw
f m
r[kwb
f ;l ? wpfaeYvyk rf S wpfaeY
pm;&wm? aeYwidk ;f tvkyv
f yk rf AS s?
bkef;BuD;ausmif;oGm;zdkY tcsdefr&
bl;}}[k qifa0SY&efa&Smif ajym
wwfayonf/

rcif0ikd ;f \ud,
k 0f efrS om;
a,mufsm;av;wpfO;D zGm;jrifav
\/
vifr,m;ESpaf ,mufpvH;k
yifvQif pm;p&myg;pyfwpfayguf?
0wfp&m ud,
k w
f pfck wd;k vmNyD[k
udk,fpDawG;rdMu\/ xdkYaMumihf
vkyfief;udk qwufxrf;ydk;wdk;
vk y f M uonf / uk e f o nf y G J p m;
wpfO;D \ pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;csUJ rIonf
ta&mif;t0,fvkyfief; wpfckrS

81

wpfcjk zpfouJo
h Ykd udck ifarmif\
vkyif ef;csUJ xiG rf o
I nfvnf; tukov
kd f
wpfcrk w
S pfck yGm;rsm;jcif;om jzpf
awmh\/
&GmxJ&yfxJ 0ufay:onfh
tcg udck ifarmifuyif OD;aqmif
vkyo
f nf/a>raps;aumif;onfq
kd
a>rzrf;olrsm;ESihf enf;emed,
,l&ef vku
d yf goGm;wwfao;onf/
udck ifarmifum; tHMh op&maumif;
avmufatmifyif tukodkvf
vkyif ef; olrwlatmif xl;cRev
f S
oljzpfonf/
xko
d Ykd vky&f if;udik &f if;ESifh
yif aeYnrsm; ukefvGefvmcJhNyD;
om;uav; ckepfvom;? &Spv
f
om;t&G,fodkYyif a&muf&SdvmcJh
avonf/

vrdu
k n
f jzpfojzihf aumif;uif
tESYH vif;vufaeaomMu,frsm;
udk xif&mS ;pGmjrifae&onf/ uef
a&jyifay: jzwfoef;wku
d cf u
kd v
f m
aom avrsm;u em;xJwiG f w0SL;
0SL; atmfjrnfaeonf/
avSyyhJ ikd ;f rSm xkid &f if;u
udck ifarmifpw
d x
f w
J iG f wpfcck u
k kd
b0ifrusovdk cHpm;&onf/ pdwf
wdkaeovdkvnf; jzpfaeonf/
oufjyif;udck s&if; ydu
k u
f pd a Mumifh
jzpfrSmyg[k ajzawG;um rcif0dkif;
iSJYay;xm;aom awmt&ufudk
aumufarmhcsvu
kd o
f nf/ csOpf ;l pl;
teHYESihftwl vnfacsmif;xJodkY
yl&edS ;f cg;oufpmG pD;0ifomG ;onf/
EIwcf rf;udk vQmESio
fh yf&if; ckoyk f
udk wpfZeG ;f EIu
d pf m;vku
d o
f nf/

Ahpamada Form - 82

rcif0dkif;u nurufcJh
onfh tdyrf uftaMumif;udk ajym
jyaeonf/
]]igawmh ydu
k zf ;kd jyefavsmf
zdu
Yk pd u
kd &ifav;aew,f[m}}
udkcifarmifu pum;
jzwf ajymvdu
k \
f /
]]td k . . ' gawG awG ; yl
raeygeJaY wmf? olUtavsmufeo
YJ l
jzpfoGm;rSmyg}}[k rcif0dkif;u ESpf
odrfhpum;qdkonf/
wu,fawmh udck ifarmif
wdrYk mS wHigvkyaf eayr,fh ud,
k yf ikd f
ydu
k &f o
dS nfr[kw/f ydu
k o
f al X;xHrS
aeYcay; iSm;&onf/wpfavmu
udck ifarmifcsxm;aom ydu
k u
f kd
vltcd;k cH&onf/ ydu
k af ygufvQif
Nyv
J Qi?f aysmufvQif iSm;olu tavsmf
ay;&onfjzpf&m wpfcgwnf;
tavsmrf ay;Ekid af om udck ifarmif
wdkYtzdkY twdk;jzifh aiGacs;onfh
oabmjzihf wjznf;jznf;jyefqyf
&rnfjzpfonf/ tcktoHk;jyKae
aom ydu
k u
f ykd if awmif;awmif;
yefyefEiS fh uwdtxyfxyfay;NyD;
iSm;cJh&jcif;jzpfonf/
onfwpfcgawmh b,fvkd
enf;ESijfh zpfap ydu
k t
f aysmufc
H
rjzpfawmh[k udck ifarmif oabm
aygufonf/ xdaYk Mumihf avSay:rSm
yif tdy
f ydu
k u
f kd apmihaf e&jcif;
jzpfonf/
tcgwkid ;f nrsm;qdv
k Qif
ud k c if a rmif w pf a ,muf w nf ;
apmiht
f yd af eusjzpfonf/ onf
nrS rcif0dkif;u tdyfrufawG
raumif; aMumufonf[q
k u
kd m
tdrrf mS rtdyb
f J om;av;ESit
hf wl

" r & o r * Z if
;

udkcifarmifh avSay:vmtdyfjcif;
jzpfonf/
udck ifarmifEiS hf rcif0ikd ;f wdYk
pum;ajymae&if;uae raeYnu
&cJah om ig;bwfBuD;taMumif;udk
a&mufoGm;Muw,f/
]]enf;wJhig;BuD; r[kwf
bl ; awmf . . a ,musf m ;vuf w pf
awmifx
h mG avmuf&n
S rf ,f xif
w,f/ usKyfawmh tJvikd g;rsK;d csn;f
&&ifaumif;rSmyJvdkYawmif awG;rd
ao;w,f}}
]]igvnf; tJvikd g;Bu;D awG
csn;f &csifwmaygh[? igwdrYk v
Ykd Ykd
uHx;l vd&Yk wm? olrsm;awG 'Dvkd
&wmr[kwfbl;[}}
tm;&0rf;om pm;NrHKUjyef
aeMuonf/
ajymp&m pum;vnf ;
ukef? awmt&ufwpfydkif;vnf;
ukerf S udck ifarmifwYkd tdy&f m 0if
oGm;Muonf/

a&xJrS w0kef;0kef;toH
rsm;aMumifh udkcifarmif Edk;vmNyD;
csxm;onfh rSed ;f udk aumufuikd f
vdu
k o
f nf/ ydu
k x
f rJ mS ig;BuD;BuD;
rdaejcif;jzpfrnf/ onfvikd g;rsK;d u
&cJbjd cif;[k awG;um &vmonfh
tcGifhta&;udk vufvGwfrcHbJ
a&xJoYkd rSed ;f udk tm;ukef aqmifh
xdk;csvdkufonf/
]]udck ifarmif? vky-f vkyf
ygOD;?? udkcifarmif uav;a&a&xJvdrfhusoGm;vdkY}}
ysm,D;ysm,mESifh tdy&f mrS

82

xxdik u
f m ajymvdu
k af om pum;
aMumihf udkcifarmif acgif;eyrf;
BuD;oGm;&onf/ 0rf;acgif;oHBuD;
ESifh ]]a[}}[k wpfceG ;f wnf;ajym
Ekid Nf y;D ydu
k u
f q
kd rJG Munfv
h u
kd o
f nf/
bufx&D*RdKif;xm;aom
"mwfrD;ESihf xdk;Munfhvkdufaom
tcg ydu
k x
f rJ mS rSed ;f csufxw
k cf sif;
cwf aoqH;k aeonfh om;uav;
udk awGUvdu
k &f awmhonf/
]]tHrav; ud,
k u
f sKd ;enf;
ygNyD a wmh [D ; . [ D ; }}
udkcifarmif jyL;aMumif
Munfhae&mrS rcif0dkif;\ idkoH
aMumihf owd0ifvmNy;D ]]om;av;
ao&wm ighaMumih?f ighaMumih}f }[k
rcsdwifuJ atmf[pf&if; tem;&Sd
tom;owf"m;cRefjzihf ud,
k Ahf u
kd f
udk tqufrjywf xdk;pdkufum
vJusNidrfoufoGm;awmhonf/
rcif0ikd ;f crsm rSed ;f 'Pf&m
ESihfaoaeaom om;tjzpfESihf
aoG;tvl;vl;jzihf aoaeaom
a,mufsm;jzpfo\
l tjzpfukd Munfh
&if; aoG;l;aoG;wef;atmf[pf
id,
k u
kd m avSay:rSmyif oGuo
f u
G f
cgatmif l;oGm;avawmhonf/
'kpdu
k f tukov
kd u
f \
H
wefjyefwu
kd cf u
kd v
f maom "m;csuf
rsm;udk wpfrdom;pkvHk; rIrvS
cHvu
kd Mf u&aom udck ifarmifwYkd
tjzpfqdk;onf b0wlrsm;tzdkY
owdoaH 0*&p&m Zmwfvrf;yrm
wpfck jzpfaeawmhonf/
olawmfaumif;w&m;
yGm;rsm;EkdifMuygap/

&ifNidrf;yGifh(pvif;)

Ahpamada Form - 83

" r & o r * Z if
;

q&mav;yg;ESifh vrf;aumif;ESpfoG,f
OD;pEdr(pvif;)
pMu0VmBuD;ESifh EIdif;pm
rnfqykd gu vlonf jrLrIew
f pfreI ?f
tpuftajymufwpfcak vmufom
&Sad yvdrrhf nf/ xkt
d puftajymuf
uav;rsm;ukd avmb? a'go?
arm[rsm;ESihf jc,freI ;f vku
d o
f nfh
tcg tylkyf[lvnf;aumif;?
tavmb? ta'go? tarm[
rsm;ESifh jc,frIef;vkdufonfhtcg
tat;ky[
f
l vnf;aumif;? kyv
f ;kH
<u Ekd;x&Sifoefvmayvdrhfrnf/
olwEYdk pS Of ;D um; kycf si;f rSm uGmjcm;
aeMuovkd emrfcsif;rSmvnf; uGJ
jym;MuNyD; avQmufvrS ;f &mvrf;rSm
vnf; ta&SUESifhtaemuf?ajzmifh
ajzmifBh uD; qefu
Y siaf ejyef\/tw
[laom 0wfrkH sm;ukd 0wfqifvu
dk f

onfh tcgrSmawmh ighajr? igha&T?

ighavS? ighvSnf;? ighuRJ? ighEGm;?
ighom;? ighorD;? ighZeD;? ighvif?igh
pif? igh[ef? ightoH? ightxm?igh
pm? ighuAsm? ightEkynmqko
d nfh
aumufauGUIyaf xG;aom b0\
pmrsufESmrsm;ukd zwfI&if; acG;
csi;f uku
d &f mrSmyif uk,
d ahf cG;uEkid rf S
aeomxkdifom&Sdawmhonf/
a>rqkad om ow0gonf
trIu
d o
f du
k f yI af xG;aomae&m
arGUaysmo
f vkd ykxZk Ofwo
Ydk nfvnf;
udavomEHaG wmrSm aysmyf u
dk cf rkH if
NyD; rdrw
d \
Ydk cEmuk,
d t
f m; trsKd;
rsKd;aom t0wftxnf? pde?f a&T?
&wem 'Gg',mrsm;?txl;xl;aom
pm;zG,af omufz,
G f tpmtm[m&

83

Ahpamada Form - 84

aq;0g;"mwfpmrsm; pHkvifpGmjzifh
tvk d v k d u f tBud K uf a qmif
tpGr;f ukef jznfq
h nf;rGr;f rHMu\/
odaYk omf cEmonfum; wpfa&G;
om;rQyif rdrt
d vko
d rYdk vku
d b
f J olY
oabmtwkid ;f om tkpd m&if;?em
pm&if;? aopm&if; oGi;f jzpfatmif
oGi;f awmhonf/ xkcd Em\ rm,m
y&d,m,fudk twGi;f od? tpif;od
odawmfral om v,fwq
D &mawmf
bk&m;BuD;uawmh oljrifovk?d ol
odovk?d trsm;olig odjrifEidk yf g
apjcif; tusKd;iSm]]qkdrdefY[kwf&m? pOf;pm;
ygavmh? cEmbm&? yOuum;?
,k,cifrif? pdefa&Tqif? jyKjyif
yku
d af xG;? eifauR;arG;vnf;? eifh
tBudKufEiS hf wku
d f u
kd zf v
D m?qefY
usifygcJh? kyf0gEke,f? IpzG,fESifh
wifhw,f&Tef;pkd? eifvSvkdvnf;?
ttkpd m&if;? oluoGi;f \/ ab;
uif;&efuGm? vGefcsrf;om?rem
&vk?d awmif;qkqv
dk nf;? eifu
h dk
rSm? ab;a&m*gESifh? cgcgriJh?
rdwaf qGzUJG \/ eifEh iS w
hf n
l ?D cspBf udK;
oDom;?yvDyvm? tjypfumG onfh
cspfpmG r,m;? orD;om;ESi?hf pD;yGm;
Opm? nmwumuk?d b,fcgruG?J
twlw
JG ? tNrNJ yKH ;csK?d ae&vkv
d nf;?
eifu
h rdk axmuf? eifah emufrvku
d ?f
tylwu
dk
f ? eif[u
dk ef ifacG? eifu
h dk
aoatmif? usm;a>rcHwGif;?tpm
oGi;f ok?Yd aorif;olv
Y uf? yPm
quf\}}[l uAsmvuFmjzifh
qkH;rvrf;jycJhayonf/ t&d,m
olawmfaumif;Bu;D rsm;onf cEm\
tjypf u k d od j rif a wmf r l N yD ;
pufqkyf&GH&SmawmfrlMu\/

" r & o r * Z if
;

tcsdKUq&mawmfBuD;rsm;
qkdvQif]]igaovQif ighcEmuk,
d f
ukd rD;oN*K [fjcif;rjyKbJ awmeuf
xJrmS a&jynft
h ;kd wpfv;kH tzH;k vSyf
NyD; vif;wpm? acG;pmauR;Mu}}
[k rdefYqdkMuovdk? tcsdKUq&m
awmfBuD;rsm;uawmh a&rSmarQm
apNy;D ig;pmauR;cdik ;f Muavonf/
aemufqHk;tcsdeftxd olwpfyg;
tusdK;udk iJhnmxnfhwGufovdk
tzdk;rwefaom cEm\tjypfudk
use&f pfoal wGtm; oHa0*&apvdk
\/ cEm\ tESpfr&SdyHk? aovQif
bmwpfcrk Q ,lroGm;Ekid yf u
kH kd ynm&Sd
trwfBuD; OD;ay:OD;uvnf; ol
aoonft
h cg acgif;udk tayguf
(4)aygufazmuf ajcvufxw
k f
um oN*K[faponfh jzpf&yfu
vnf; ynmom; ygvSayonf/
twk,l oHa0*&apzdYk xda&muf
ygayonf/ xdo
k auFwrsm;onf
rNrJaom ocFg&oabmw&m;udk
azmfTef;jyqdk&m odomxif&Sm;
vSayonfwum;/
t&d,molawmfpifrsm;
onf azmufjyefysufp;D wwfaom
cEmudk,f\ pufqkyf&GH&Smp&m
aumif;yH?k rdrt
d vdo
k Ykd rvdu
k yf u
kH kd
enf;trsdK;rsdK;ESihf Tefjyjcif;jzifh
tESprf t
hJ umkyv
f ;kH udk trke;f BuD;
rke;f Muoavmuf? tEyx
k Zk Ofrsm;
tzdrYk mS awmh ,dpk ;D jcif;? eHapmfjcif;?
zsm;emudu
k cf jJ cif;wdu
Yk kd ud,
k af wGU
odae&onfh cEmud,
k u
f ykd if wpf
aeYwpfaeY jyif&qif&? auR;&?
arG;&? apmihaf &Smuf&ovd?k onf
cEmud,
k \
f awmihw
f if;ckid rf mjcif;?

84

oGuv
f ufjrL;<ujcif;? csdKomNidrhf
anmif;aom toH&jdS cif;? pum;
ajymaumif;jcif;? mPf&nfxuf
jrufjcif;? &mxl;*kPfodrfpnf;pdrf
awGEiS fh jynfph jkH cif;tay:rSm *kP,
f l
0ih<f um; rmefwufrqH;k Ekid Mf uay/
xko
d rl sm;onf rdrw
d iG o
f mru
Eke,fi,f&,
G af o;onfh om;i,f?
orD;i,fav;rsm;udyk if tarT;
eHo
Y m vdr;f usHay;jcif;? qHyif&n
S f
xm; vlBuD;rsm;uJhodkY ykqdk;
vHck snf? wku
d yf pkH aom t0wf
tpm;rsm; 0wf q if a y;jcif ; ?
uufqufziG
fh toHMum;apjcif;?
wDA?DG AG'D ,
D zkd iG
fh kyu
f Mkd unfjh rif
apjcif; ponfwjYkd zihf tEko,
ta&mifrsm; qd;k ay;Muavonf/
xdkrQru pum;ajymwwfptcg
wGif csppf Ek;d ESifh tqJoifay;olu
oifay;wwfMuao;\/ ausmif;
aeEkdifaomt&G,f a&mufcsdefrSm
vnf; rdrw
d yYkd ikd q
f idk o
f nfh wku
d f
wmtaqmufttH?k um;? toH;k
taqmifwAD ?DG AGpD 'D ?D a&cJaowm
wdEYk iS fh ywfoufNyD; txufp;D u
ajymqdkapjcif;? <um;0g*kPf,l
apjcif;jzihf rdrw
d \
Ykd om;i,f
orD;i,frsm;udk twrme[laom
tzl;tyGirfh sm; yefqifay;wwfMu
jyef\/
xdu
k o
hJ Ykd nDrQjcif;r&Sad om
a&pD;urf;NydK apwemESifh xkqpf
jcif; cH&aom uav;oli,frsm;
onf trsm;tm;jzihf (15-16)
t&G,af &mufonft
h cg abmif
cwf r&onfu rsm;vS\/ ysKd rspf
Ekopfjcif;ESit
fh wl &ifcek o
f H cyf
Murf;Murf;udk A[djk yK pmar;yGJ

Ahpamada Form - 85

bma0wAqdkwJh
ukodkvfbm0em
yGm;rsm;jcif;ESihf
y[mwA-avmb?
a'go? arm[qdkwJh
tukodkvf
tnpftaMu;awGudk
y,fjcif;?
'DESpfckyJ
enf;vrf;aumif;&Sw
d ,f/

" r & o r * Z if
;

cPcPusjcif;? cdkuf&efa'go
rMumcPjzpfjcif;? rdbaqGrsdK;wdYk
ESifh 0da&m"djzpfjcif;? tylukd tat;
xif tat;udk tyl[rk w
S ,
f l
,kMH unfjcif;? aygufuo
JG pH OfawGukd
A[dkjyK wpftdrfom;vHk;tay:
0ke;f 'dik ;f BuJ*w
D
yGit
hf efwwfMu
onfukd rMumcP awGU&wwf
onf/ xdktcgwGif rdbrsm;rSm
ajcrudkifrd? vufrudkifrdjzpfum
bk&m;udk em;ylem;qmvkyv
f v
kd yk ?f
ol&wDEiS fh bd;k awmfr,fawmf
xGu&f yfayguf yk*Kd vfawGukd tyl
uyfvu
dk yf? aA'ifq&mESifh ewf
uawmfawGukd tm;ud;k vdu
k ;kd ?
oufowfvw
G pf m;vdpk m;?t"d|mef
0ifv0kd ifEiS fh avmu"HvidI ;f Mum;rSm
okid ;f upm;&if; tuGuef if; rSm;
wwfMu\/ aemufq;kH raumif;
ausmif;ydq
Yk o
kd nft
h wkid ;f rdrd ud;k
uG,af om q&mawmfqu
D kd tm;
ud;k wBuD; oGm;a&muf rdrw
d \
Ykd
om;udk qHk;rMo0g'ay;jcif;jzifh
wnfrh wfay;zdYk tyluyfMujyef
ao;\/ q&mawmfuawmh bmrQ
rxl;qef;ovdk rsuaf rSmifwpfcsuf
ukwf&if;]]at; . . avmurS m
q&mav;yg;&SdouG,fh? tJ'gu
(1) ]rdb}qdak omq&m? (2) use
yJhjyif oGefoifqHk;rwwfaom
]tmp&d,q&m}?(3) ]rif;pd;k &mZm}
qkad omq&m? (4) ]i&J}qkad om
q&mawGygyJ/
yxr-rdbqdak omq&m
u qH;k rvdrYk &&if? 'kw,
d tmp&d,q&mu qH;k rvdrrhf ,f?
'geJrY rS &ao;&ifawmh rif;pd;k &mZm

85

qdak om wwd,q&mu zrf;qD;

csKyfaESmifNy;D qH;k rvdrrhf ,f? 'Dq&m
oH;k yg; qH;k rvdrYk S r&awmhb;l qd&k if
awmh pwkwq
&mjzpfwhJ ]i&J}u
qGaJ c:qH;k roGm;vdrrfh ,f/ ud,
k hf
om;udk b,fq&mqH;k rrS &rvJ
qdw
k m taotcsmpOf;pm;? 'grif;wdw
Yk pfawG todq;kH aygh/}}
enf;vrf;aumif;awG
trsm;BuD;&Sw
d t
hJ xJu &[EmvdYk
ausmfMum;wJh a0blq&mawmfu
awmh enf;aumif;&SmolawG olUqD
vmwJhtcg]]at; . . wd k Y r sm;rS m
tjcm;enf;awmh r&Sdygbl;uG,f?
jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;rderYf mS cJw
h hJ
bma0wAqw
kd hJ ukov
kd b
f m0em
yGm;rsm;jcif;ESiyfh [mwA-avmb?
a'go? arm[qdw
k hJ tukov
kd f
tnpftaMu;awGukd y,fjcif;? 'D
ESpfckyJ enf;vrf;aumif;&Sdw,f/
uJ-jyefMu? 'ghxufaumif;wJh
pum;r&Sb
d ;l }}[k rdeMYf um;awmfrcl hJ
ygonf/ i,fpOfuwnf;u q&m
av;yg;ESihf enf;vrf;aumif;
ESpo
f ,
G q
f akd ompum;udk Mum;em
cJ&h onfrmS MumyifMumcJah omf
vnf; ,aeYwdkifatmif arhr&
Ekid af y/ ,aeYwkdifatmif arhr&
Ekdifovdk aemufaemifwGifvnf;
b,fawmhrQ arhv&Ykd Ekid rf nfr[kwf
awmh/
aMomf ...
ynm&Sdpum;? tyfzsm;
a&puf? teufyifv,f us,0f ef;
vku
d w
f m wu,fyg/
OD;pEdr(pvif;)

Ahpamada Form - 86

" r & o r * Z if
;

apwemoef h&Sif;
tjypfuif;

0e0goD-t&Sif0gao|mbd0Ho
Nidr;f csrf;rIEiS fh trSew
f &m;
udk tvd&k MdS uukeaf om olawmfpif
wdo
Yk nf t&Siw
f \
Ykd ausmuf
wpfvHk;awm& ausmif;wdkufodkY
w&m;bm0emyGm;rsm;tm;xkw&f ef
a&muf&SdvmMuayonf/ wpfck
aom aeYv,fcif;tcsdef0,f
a,m*D t rsd K ;orD ; wpf O D ; onf
t&Sit
f m; avQmufxm;onf
rSm]]t&Sib
f &k m;? wynfh
awmf tcke"rmHak y:utqif;rSm
yd;k aumifwpfaumifukd eif;rdvu
kd f
wm aooGm;w,fbk&m;? tJ'g

86

tmHx
k rJ mS cPcP vmvmay:
NyD; pdwfxJrSm tawmfcHpm;ae&
w,fb&k m;? oDvrysufb;l vm;
bk&m;}}
]]tJ'g ygPmwdygwuH
xku
d w
f mr[kwb
f ;l ? pdwrf yle}YJ }
]]wynhfawmf eif;rdvdkY
aooGm;wmyJ? wynfhawmfrSm
tjypfr&Sdbl;vm;bk&m;}}
]]'Dv&kd w
dS ,fu,
G ?hf a,m*D
u wrifoufouf aoapvkw
d hJ
pdwfeJY eif;vkdufwmrSr[kwfbJ?
rawmfwqeif;rdvkdY aooGm;&
wmyJ?aoapvkw
d phJ w
d rf &dw
S t
hJ wGuf

Ahpamada Form - 87

aMumifh ygPmwdygwuH rxku

d f
bl;/ 'Dykd;aumif[m olYrSm'Dvkd
teif;cH&NyD; aoapxku
d w
f hJ uH
ygvmvkYd tckvjdk zpf&wmyJvEYdk v
S ;kH
oGi;f ayghu,
G /f tajccHpw
d "f mwf
ukd rlwnfNy;D ukov
dk u
f ?H tukov
dk f
uHawGqw
dk m jzpfMu&wmyJu,
G }f }
]]wynfhawmf r&Sif;vkdY
enf;enf; rdefYMum;ygOD;bk&m;}}
]]wpfcgwpf&H uk,
d ahf rmif
uav;awG nDruav;awG ajym
qkpd um; em;raxmifwt
hJ cg eif
wkw
Yd pfawG aoprf;ygap[,fvdYk
usdeq
f rJ w
d m r&Sb
d ;l vm;uG,}hf }
]]&Syd gw,fb&k m;? wynfh
awmfq&dk if uk,
d w
f idk t
f yifyef;cH
Ny;D armifuav;? nDruav;awG
ukd pmoifay;w,fb&k m;? tJ'g
pdwfr0ifpm;bl;bk&m;? enf;enf;
uav;rkdY tcGifhomwmeJY aqmh
upm;awmhwmyJ bk&m;? tJ'g
aMumifh olwu
Ydk dk cPcPyJ usdef
qJrdw,fbk&m;}}
]]tJ'v
D dk usdeq
f rJ w
d t
hJ cg
a,m*D&JUoEmefrSm ukd,fharmif
uav;awGukd aoapvkdwJhpdwf
wu,fa&m &So
d vm;uG,}f }
]]wu,f aoapvkdwJh
pdwaf wmh b,f&ydS ghrvJb&k m;?ol
wku
Yd dk wwfajrmufapcsifveG ;f vkYd
aumif;apcsifveG ;f vkYd tyifyef;cH
NyD; oifay;aewmyJ bk&m;?olwYdk
ajympum; em;raxmifwJhtcg
enf;enf;yg;yg; Murf;Murf;wrf;
wrf; ajymrdwmayghbk&m;}}
]]at; .tJ'Dvkd usdefqJ
rdwmawG[m rdr&d UJ tajccHpw
d u
f
awmh aoapvkw
d o
hJ abmr&Sb
d ;l ?

" r & o r * Z if
;

olwkdY&JUtay:rSm aumif;apcsif
wmyJ? apwemu odrfarGUwJh
twGuaf Mumifh tJ'v
D dk pum;awG
[m EIwx
f u
G Mf urf;yifMurf;aomf
vnf; ]zko0gpm} (Murf;wrf;wJh
pum;)vkdY rac:&bl;/ 'Dpum;rsKd;
[m apwemt&if;cH yifukd,f
pdw"f mwfu El;nHah ew,f? tJ'g
aMumifh tukov
dk u
f H rjzpfb;l / Bu;D
rm;wJh jypfru
I sL;vGerf w
d o
hJ u
l dk ao
aocsmcsm H;k wifppfaq;NyD;awmh
jypfrx
I if&mS ;aewmaMumifh w&m;
olBuD;u ]'Dw&m;cHudk csr;f ompGm
tdyyf gap}vkYd trdecYf svu
dk w
f ,f qkd
ygpkdY/ tJ'Dcsrf;ompGm tdyfygapqkd
wm[m toufukd tqHk;pD&if
vku
d yf gvkYd y&d,m,feYJ ajymvku
d f
wmyJ? tJ'pD um;oH[m Mum;&wJh
oltwGuf em;0ifcsKdw,f? Murf;
wrf;rI r&Sad omfvnf; pD&ifcsuf
cswJh w&m;olBuD;&JU pdwaf pwem
[m w&m;cHudk aoapvkw
d hJ ap
wem&Sad ewmaMumifh ]zko0gpm}
(Murf;wrf;wJph um;)vkYd ac:&w,f/
0pDuHtukokdvfjzpfw,fuG,fh}}
]]pdwaf pwemom t"du
usw,fvYdk qk&d rSmygbk&m;}}
]][kww
f ,fu,
G ?hf bke;f
BuD;i,fi,fu vlBuD;awG ajym
jywJh yHjk yifuav; owd&rdw,f}}
]]trdefY&Sdygbk&m;}}
]]a&S;tcgu awm&Gmbke;f
BuD;ausmif;wpfausmif;udk rk;d csKyf
cgeD;rSm ukeo
f nfEpS af ,muf a&muf
vmMuw,f/ wpfa,mufu pyg;
ukefonfjzpfw,f? wpfa,muf
uawmh om;a&ukeo
f nfyg? rk;d
uvnf;csKyfaewmaMumifh a&SUc&D;

87

rqufbJ bkef;BuD;ausmif;rSmyJ
wpfnOfw
h nf;ckMd uw,f/ ausmif;
xdik q
f &mawmfu pyg;ukeo
f nf
twGuf tcef;xJrmS ckwif? jcif
axmifeYJ tdyzf aYdk e&may;vku
d w
f ,f/
eHeufrkd;vif;awmh ukefonfESpf
a,muf[m c&D;qufxGufMu
w,f/ vk&d mt&yfa&mufNyD; vkw
d hJ
ypnf;awGukd 0,fjcrf;NyD;jyefvm
awmh tjyefc&D;rSmvnf; rlvu
0ifcw
hJ hJ bke;f BuD;ausmif;rSm 0ifNyD;
ntdyMf uw,f/ tJ'n
D Ofrh mS awmh
ausmif;xkid q
f &mawmfu om;a&
ukefonftwGuf tcef;xJrSm
ckwif? jcifaxmifeJY tdyfzkdYae&m
ay;w,f/ pyg;ukeo
f nfuadk wmh
tjyif b uf Murf ; jyif a y:rS m
ES D ; aMumzsmeJ Y ae&may;w,f /
tJ'aD wmh ukeo
f nfEpS af ,muf[m
wkt
Yd wGuf tcktdyf&mae&m[m
tvmc&D ; rS m vk d r[k w f b J
ajymif;jyefjzpfaeygvm;vkdYawG;NyD;
ausmif;xkid q
f &mawmfudk tusKd;
taMumif; ar;avQmufMuw,f/
tJ'aD wmh q&mawmfu ]]'Dvkd&Sdw,f 'umwkdY?
yxrc&D;pOfrmS awmh 'umwk[
Yd m
ukefypnf;0,fzkdYvmMuwm jzpf
w,f/ tJ't
D csed rf mS pyg;ukeo
f nf
u pyg;awGaps;usygap? aps;EIe;f
oufomygapvkdY qkawmif;ae
w,f/ tJ'gaMumifh bke;f BuD;u
ae&maumif;ukd ay;vku
d w
f myg/
om;a&ukeo
f nfuawmh om;a&
awGrsm;rsm; 0,fvkdY&atmif EGm;
awGrsm;rsm; aoygapvkdY Murf;
wrf;wJh apwemukd t&if;cHNyD;
qkawmif;cJyh gw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh

Ahpamada Form - 88

om;a&ukeo
f nfudk tjyifbufrmS
ae&mnHn
h rhH mS tdyzf aYdk e&may;vku
d f
ygw,f/ tcktjyefc&D;rSmawmh
pyg;ukefonfu ]pyg;aps;awG
wufprf;ygap? 'grS ighrmS tjrwf
rsm;rsm;&rSm}qkw
d hJ pdwaf wGjzpfay:
vmw,f/ qif;&Jom;awG 0,f,&l
cufcJapwwfwJh pdwfrsKd;jzpfay:
vmw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh pyg;ukef
onfudk ae&mnhn
H rhH mS tdycf idk ;f
vku
d yf gw,f/ om;a&ukeo
f nfu
awmh ]om;a&awG &Sm;yg;oGm;yg
ap? EGm;awGraoygapeJY? 'grS ig
aps;aumif;&rSm}qkw
d hJ pdwjf zpfay:
vmwmaMumif h ae&maumif ;
aumif ; ay;vk d u f & ygw,f v k d Y
q&mawmfu rdeMYf um;w,fu,
G }hf }
]]tJ'yD jkH yifudk wynfah wmf
i,fi,fu pmxJrmS zwfz;l w,f
bk&m;}}
]]bke;f BuD;wkYd bk&m;vuf
xufu om"uwpfcv
k nf; &Sd
zl;w,fuG,fh}}
]]trdefY&Sdygbk&m;}}
]]jrwfpmG bk&m;[m *dZs u#k f
awmifajct&if;rSm pBu <uaepOf
a'0'wfu tay:uaeausmuf
wHk;BuD;ukd
vSdrfhcsvkdufawmh
ausmufpuav;yJNh yD; bk&m;&JUajc
rawmfudk xdreS o
f mG ;cJw
h ,f/bk&m;
&JU ajcrawmfrmS aoG;jcnfOoGm;
w,fu,
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f nf; uku
d cf J
emusiw
f maMumifh q&mZD0u[m
bk&m;&JUajcrawmfukd "m;eJYcGJNyD;
ukoay;cJ&h w,f/'Dae&mrSm q&m
ZD0uu "m;eJcY w
JG m[m bk&m;&JU
emusifukdufcJrIukd oufom
aysmufuif;oGm;apzkq
Yd w
dk hJ aumif;

" r & o r * Z if
;

jrwfwhJ pdwaf pwema&SUoGm;&Sw

d m
aMumifh tukov
dk rf jzpfb?J ukov
kd f
jzpfw,fu,
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&Siaf wmfA'k u
d k aoapvkw
d h J apwem
eJY ausmufw;kH vSrd chf swJt
h wGuf
aMumifh pdwfapwemoefY&Sif; pif
Mu,frI r&Sw
d maMumifh tukov
dk f
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]]jrwfpmG bk&m;oufawmf
xif & S m ;&S d a wmf r l p Of u mvrS m yJ
rsufpEd pS v
f ;kH uG,af ewJh puKygv
ax&fqw
dk hJ &[EmBuD;wpfyg;[m
wpfaeYrSm rkd;&GmNyD;cgp ausmif;
ocFr;f ay:rSm pBu <uaeygw,f/
tJ'Dtcsdef rkd;&GmNyD;pqkdawmh ykd;
aumifawGu ausmif;ocFr;f ay:
rSm w&G&eG YJ oGm;aeMuw,f/ puK
ygvrax&f pBu <uawmh yk;d aumif
uav;awGudk eif;rdvYdk aoukef
Muw,f/ tJ'gukd ykxZk Of&[ef;
awGu awGUjrif&awmh uJ&h UJ jypf
wifNy;D jrwfpmG bk&m;qDomG ;avQmuf
Muw,f/ olwu
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ax&fudk ygPmwdygwuHeYJ pGypf JG
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wyfrufo?l
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1/
2/
3/
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6/
7/
8/
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rmwma'0D/
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Ahpamada Form - 89

" r & o r * Z if
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wifxrf;vsuf BudK;yrf;jyKpGr;f awmfryl gonf/ 0ef;odk
cED;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ jzpfawmfpOfudk ,ckvdk
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ppfruf acwfysuu
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t&G,f uRefawmft
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tbd"Zr[m&|*kk cE;D q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;

Mo0g'rdechf eG ;f ajymMum;aepOf

89

Ahpamada Form - 90

tarharG;Zmwdajr 0ef;odNk rdKUonf cE;D q&m

awmfb&k m;BuD;udk taMumif;jyKvsuf arwm,Su
f
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cE;D q&mawmfb&k m;BuD; w&m;usihcf ahJ om
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90

Ahpamada Form - 91

" r & o r * Z if
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pHausmif;awmftxufxyf zl;awG&Y aom

t*gbd"ZcE;D q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\kyw
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91

Ahpamada Form - 92

" r & o r * Z if
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t*gbd"Z cE;D q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ wpfb0

omoemESipfh yf 0ef;odo
k Ykd pma&;olomG ;a&muf
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qdwNf idraf t;csrf;om,maom cE;D &dyo

f mBuD;xJrS
wpfyg;ae opfom;ausmif;av;wcsdKY

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bke;f BuD; OD;udwu
d kd OD;a&Tom;onf csif;wGi;f jrpfnm

92

Ahpamada Form - 93

a'o cE;D NrdKUrS 0ef;oko

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r[m&|*kk (t*gbd"Z) b'Eo
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93

Ahpamada Form - 94

BuD; jzpfygonf/ xdak emuf ,ckvuf&dS cE;D pmoif

wdkufBuD;\ y"meem,uq&mawmfum; OD;Z0e
(t*r[m*E0gpuy@dw)jzpf? cE;D 0dyem&dyo
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tqufudk pm&if;aumufazmfjy&vQif .
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0ef;odk oDwif;oH;k ol)
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BuD;udk rdrv
d ufjzihf ud,
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kd Bf uD;udk
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dk Bf uD;
tjzpf wnfaxmifo)l
(4) q&mawmfO;D okZe (cE;D pmoifwu
kd Bf uD;udk
tkycf sKyf&if; cE;D 0dyem&dyo
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Ahpamada Form - 95

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Ahpamada Form - 96

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f mq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;vdYk vlord sm;yg
w,f/
cE;D omoem[m ESpo
f moem&So
d vdk q&m
awmfBuD;&JU wpfb0rSmvnf; ESpo
f moemwnfcyhJ g
w,f/
'gaMumihf ]]ESpfyGihfwpfcdkif}}qdkwJh pum;,
av;vH;k eJY q&mawmfBuD;udk dak opGm OD;cdu
k yf al Zmf
vdkufygw,f/

wif0if;-uom(ref;wuodkvf)

97

Ahpamada Form - 98

" r & o r * Z if
;

y#dporkyg'fESifh
b0oHo&m
"rmp&d,OD;armifarmifav;
emrlyp,m oVm,weH
y#dpo
rkyg 'fjzpfpOf pwkwu
iG ;f qufum;
]]emrly yp,m oVm,we}}jzpfw,f/ emrfEiS hf yk f
[laom taMumif;aMumifh tm,weajcmufyg;onf
jzpfay:\[k qkv
d adk y\/ tm,we[lonf
pdwfapwodufrsm; jzpfay:&mjzpfay:aMumif; w&m;
[l tMurf;tm;jzifh rSw,
f El idk yf gonf/ xkt
d m,we
onf tZswu
d tm,we 6-yg;? Am[D&tm,we
6-yg;tm;jzifh 12-yg; tjym;&S\
d / xkd 12-yg;wkw
Yd iG f
pum,we? aomwm,weponfjzifh ac:qkt
d yf
aom rsufp?d em;? ESm? vQm? uk,
d ?f pdwt
f m;jzifh
6-yg;wko
Yd nf ow0gwk\
Yd twGi;f oEmefjzpfjcif;
aMumifh tZswdutm,mwernfukef\/ lygkH?

o'gHkponfjzifh ac:qkdtyfaom tqif;? toH?

teH?Y t&om? tawGUESihf pdwjf zifBh uHot
d yfaomtmHk
("rmH)k tm;jzifh 6-yg;wko
Yd nf tjyifoEmefjzpfjcif;
aMumifh Am[d&tm,mwernfuek \
f /

tMunf 6-rsKd;

98

okYd tm,we 12-yg;&Sad omfvnf; emr

lyyp,m oVm,weH pum,we? aomwm
,wepaom tZswu
d tm,mwe 6-yg;uko
d m
,l&rnfjzpfygonf/ b0opfwiG f y#doaE0n
d mPfrS
p emrum,? lyum,ESpyf g; ay:vmNyD;aemuf
,if;wku
Yd dk taMumif;jyK puKtMunf? em;tMunf

Ahpamada Form - 99

paom tMunf"mwf ajcmufrsKd;jzpfay:vm\[k qkd

vkyd gonf/ teuft"dyg ,fudk &nf&,
G v
f suf]]xif&mS ; aphp?kH tzHzk v
kH Qif? wnfwekH mrfyk ?f
uk,
d o
f rkwo
f m;?'Gg&tx,f?Bu;D i,fum,
ay:jyefuvnf;? 'Gg&wGirf nf? zdwzf w
d f
vnfonf?h
tMunfajcmufrsKd;? uk,
d v
f ;kH NzdK;vsuf .}}
[l v,fwq
D &mawmfBuD;u zGUJ qkad wmfrcl \
hJ /
vuFm puKyom'?aomwyom'tp&Sad om yom'
kyif g;yg;ukd lygH?k o'gHpk aom tmHik g;yg;wk\
Yd xif
&mjzpf tMunfyk [
f
l vnf;aumif;? b0ifpw
d u
f dk
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ac:qk\
d / wpfzef xkt
d Munf"mwfajcmufyg;ukyd if
puK0dnmPfpw
d f ponfw\
Ydk jzpfay:&m 0ifaygufozG,f
jzpf puK'Gg&? aomw'Gg&ponfjzifv
h nf; ac:qkd
tyf\/ xkaYd Mumifh vuFm ]]'Gg&wGirf nf? zdwzf w
d f
vnfonf?h tMunfajcmufrsK;d ? uk,
d f NzKd ;vsu}f }[l
qkx
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jzpfay:aom lyum,? emrum,ESpyf g;wkw
Yd iG f ly
um,\ tmEkabmfaMumifh rsufpdtMunf? em;
tMunfpaom kyt
f Munf (kyt
f m,we)5-yg;wkYd
onf jzpfay:uke\
f / emrum,\ tmEkabmfaMumifh
raemtMunf (emrftm,we)onf jzpfay:\/

" r & o r * Z if
;

'Gg&qkdaomfvnf;
tayguf[if;vif;&Sdaom
tmumowHcg;r[kwf?
zefwHcg;? rSefwHcg;rsm;uJhokdY
zdwfzdwfvnfaom
tMunfwHcg;rsKd;omjzpf\/
wuGomvQif jzpfay:\/
Oyywfy#doaE? oHao'Zy#doaEwkdYjzifh
y#doaEwnfaeaomow0gwkrYd mS rl kyt
f Munfig;yg;
wko
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d mPfEiS hf twlwuGomvQif jzpf
ay:vmuke\
f / lyjA[mbHrk S jA[mwkt
Yd m; Cme"mwf
tdr?f Zd0mS "mwftrd ?f um,"mwftrd w
f o
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f / yom'"mwfr&Su
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lyum,aMumifh kyt
f m,we (yom'ky)f ig;yg;jzpf
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lyum,ESihf emrum,ESpyf g;wkw
Yd iG f emr
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qkv
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hf OS
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aom oApw
d o
m"m&P apwoduf 7-yg;wpfp?k
(2) tcsKdUpdwrf sm;ESio
hf m,SO
f tcsKdUpdwrf sm;
ESihf r,SOaf om yudP;f apwoduf 6-yg; wpfp?k
(3) tukov
dk pf w
d f 12-yg;wkEYd iS o
hf m,SOaf om
tukov
dk af pwoduf 14-yg;wpfp?k
(4) tukov
dk pf w
d ?f t[dwpf w
d w
f rYdk w
S pfyg;
aom ukov
dk ?f 0dyguf? ud&,
d mpdww
f EYdk iS hf xku
d o
f nfh
tm;avsmfpmG ,SOaf om aombPapwoduf 25yg;wpfpk/

kyt
f Munf 5-yg;jzpfykH
lyum,aMumifh kyt
f Munfig;yg;jzpfymG ;&m
Oyrmum;-xef;oD;? tke;f oD;rsm; BuD;vmonft
h cg
taphtrd ?f tqeftrd rf sm; ay:vmMu\/ o&ufo;D ?
ydEo
J ;D paom opfo;D rsm;rSmvnf; taphtrd ?f tqef
tdrrf sm; ay:csdeu
f svQif ay:vm\/ enf;wlyif
rdcif0rf; y#doaEwnfaom ZvmAkZESihf t@Z
ow0gwkt
Yd m; y#doaEwnfaeNy;D aemuf y0wu
d mv
puKaomwCmeZd0mS [laom kyMf unfav;yg;jzpf
csdefusaomtcg rsufpdtdrf? em;tdrf? ESmacgif;tdrf?
vQmtdrw
f EYdk iS w
hf uG yom'"mwftMunfwo
Ydk nf jzpf
ay:uke\
f / tqefxnf
h vmuke\
f / um,tMunf
(um,yom'ky)f onfum; y#doaE0n
d mPfEiS t
hf wl

99

Ahpamada Form - 100

" r & o r * Z if
;

rem,wejzpfykH
okv
Yd Qif apwoduf 52-yg;ukd tMurf;
tm;jzifh 4-pkcGJEkdifygonf/ wpfzef emrlyyp,m
oVm,we tm,we 6-yg;wGif yg0ifaom rem
,we[lonfrmS vnf; pdw(f 0dnmPf)ukyd if qkv
d jdk cif;
jzpfygonf/ okjYd zpf&m y#doaEcPrSp lyum,
jzpfay:vmjcif;aMumifh puK aomwonf kyt
f m,we
(tMunf"mwf 5-yg;)jzpfay:vmouJo
h Ydk apwoduf
52-yg;[laom emrum,aMumifh puK0dnmPf?
aomw0dnmPfponfh pdw0f n
d mPfrsm;vnf; jzpfay:
vmaMumif; odtyfayonf/
txufwiG f azmfjycJo
h nht
f wkid ;f apwoduf
tkypf ak v;wkw
Yd iG f pdwjf zpfwidk ;f yg0ifaom oApw
d
om"m&P apwoduf 7-yg;&S&d m ,if;wkrYd mS z?
a0'em? onm? apwem? {u*wm? ZD0w
d Nd E,
d ?
reodum&wkYd jzpfygonf/ ,if;wkw
Yd iG f z[lonf
tmHkESifhawGUxdjcif; oabmjzpf\/ lygHkESifh puK
yom' xdcu
dk rf aI Mumifh puK0dnmPfpw
d jf zpfay:vm
onf/ cHpm;rIa0'em? rSwfom;rIonmponfwdkY
onfvnf; jzpfay:vmMuonf/
apwodut
f yk pf ak v;pkwt
Ydk euf 'kw,
d tkypf k
jzpfaom yudP;f apwodurf sm;rSm 0dwuf? 0dpm&?
t"darmu? 0D&,
d ? yDw?d qEtm;jzifh 6-yg;&S\
d /
tcsKdUpdww
f Ydk om ,SO
f tcsKdUpdww
f Ydk r,SOaf om
xkad pwoduf 6-yg;wkaYd Mumifv
h nf; if;wkEYd iS ,
hf OS f
aom pdwfrsm;jzpfay:vmMu\/
wwd,tkypf jk zpfaom tukov
dk af pwoduf
wku
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tm;jzifh 14-yg;&S\
d / if;wko
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d EYdk iS ,
hf OS f
aom pdww
f EYdk iS hf wuGomvQif jzpfuek \
f /
pwkwt
yk pf jk zpfaom aombPapwoduf
wku
Yd m; o'g? owd? [D&?d Mowyp onftm;jzifh
25-yg;&S\
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rsm;ESiw
hf uGomvQif jzpfuek \
f / pdwf 0dnmPfrygbJ
rdrdwkdYcsnf; rjzpfEkdifMuacs/
um; pdw[
f al om rem,we\ apw
oduf 52-yg;[laom emrum,aMumifh ay:vm&yHk
jzpf\/ trSeftm;jzifh y#dporkyg'fa'oem pdwfESifh

apwoduw
f Ydk wpfyg;ESiw
hf pfyg; tjyeftvSet
f m;jzifh
trSjD yK jzpf&jcif;ukyd if emrum,aMumifh rem,we
onfjzpf\[l a[mMum;jcif; jzpfygonf/ y|mef;
enf;tm;jzifh ajymvQif o[Zmwypn;f ? tnrn
ypnf;? ed,ypnf;wkdYjzifh aus;Zl;jyKjcif;yifjzpfyg
onf/
]emrly yp,m oVm,weH} emrfyk f
aMumifh tm,we 6-yg;jzpfyu
kH dk v,fwq
D &mawmf
BuD;u atmufygenf;jzifv
h nf; &Si;f jyxm;ygonf-

0wKajcmufyg; 0dnmPfajcmufrsKd;
emrum,aMumifo
h m rem,weac: 0dnmPf
jzpf&onfr[kw?f puK? aomw? Cme? Zd0gS ? um,?
[',0wKtm;jzifh ajcmufyg;aom 0wKky[
f al om
lyum,aMumifv
h nf; 0dnmPfonf jzpfay:\/ xkd
ajcmufrsK;d wkw
Yd iG f puK0wK&Sjd cif;aMumifh puK0dnmPf
jzpfay:\/ aomw0wK&Sjd cif;aMumifh aomw0dnmPf
jzpfay:vm\/ Cme0wK&Sjd cif;aMumifh Cme0dnmPf
jzpfay:vm\/ Zd0Sm0wK&Sdjcif;aMumifh Zd0Sm0dnmPf
jzpfay:vm\/um,0wK&Sjd cif;aMumifh um,0dnmPf
jzpfay:vm\/ [',0wK&Sdjcif;aMumifh <uif;aom
0dnmPfrsm; jzpfay:vmuke\
f /
xkt
d Munfajcmufyg;onf uk,
d cf Em 'Gg&
ajcmufyg;rnf\/ t&nfta&mifuo
Jh Ydk &Te;f &Te;f puf
puf &S\
d / zdwzf w
d v
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\/ 'Gg&qkdaomfvnf; tayguf[if;vif;&Sdaom
tmumowHcg;r[kw?f zefwcH g;? rSew
f cH g;rsm;uJo
h Ydk
zdwzf w
d v
f nfaom tMunfwcH g;rsKd;om jzpf\/
xkdtMunfajcmufrsKd;wkdYwGif puKtMunf
onf rsufv;kH tdrf ay:\/
aomwtMunfonf em;ay:\/
CmetMunfonf ESmacgif;wGiaf y:\/
Zd0mS tMunfonf vQmtjyifay:\/
um,tMunfonf wpfu,
dk v
f ;kH twGi;f
tjyif tESt
YH jym;ay:\/
raemtMunfum; ESv;kH tdrw
f iG ;f ay:\/
tMunfajcmufrsK;d wkw
Yd iG f a&SUtMunf 5yg;rSm kyftMunfrsm;jzpf\/ raemtMunfum;

100

page-97

rSm pmoifwu
dk Bf u;D awG q,fwu
dk rf u [nf;xvsuf

0dnmPf[q
k t
dk yfaom emrftMunfjzpf\/
wpfzef azmfjyyg tMunf 6-rsK;d wGif tqif;
[laom lygHo
k nf puKtMunf?raemtMunfEpS yf g;
wpfNydKifeufxifvm\/
toH[al om o'gHo
k nf aomwtMunf?
raemtMunfEpS yf g; wpfNydKifeufxifvm\/
teH[
Y al om *EmHo
k nf CmetMunf?raem
tMunfEpS yf g; wpfNydKifeufxifvm\/
t&om[laom &omHo
k nf Zd0mS tMunf?
raemtMunfEpS yf g; wpfNydKifeufxifvm\/
tawGU[al om azm|AmHo
k nf um,tMunf?
raemtMunfEpS yf g; wpfNydKifeufxifvm\/
lygH?k o'gHpk aom tmHik g;yg;ESiw
hf uG <uif;
aom tmk[
H o
l rQum; raemtMunf xifvmukef
\/
okdYvQif tm,weajcmufyg;[kqkdtyf
aom tMunfajcmufyg;wkYd lygk?H o'gHt
k p&Sad om
tmHak jcmufyg;xifvm ow0gwkt
Yd m; ig? ighu,
dk f
ponftm;jzifh arSmufrmS ;aom xifjrifrrI sm;? jzpfymG ;
aeMuaMumif;ukd v,fwq
D &mawmfBuD;u atmufyg
vuFmpmykd'fjzifh TefjyawmfrlcJhayonf]]td;k pDpOf? tjrifpuK? Mum;rIaomw?
CmeteH?Y vsu&f efZ0d mS ? um,mawGUxd? todraem?
ra&mr,Su?f wvufvufvQif?
trsufprd ;f &nf? vJv
h MhJ unfo?Ydk ajcmufrnf
tmH?k tvH;k pHo
k nf?
yHo
k Pmef&yd ?f edrw
d t
f oGi?f tukex
f if?
&Si
f vl? rlaev? lyoPmef? toH
wpfrsKd;? tckd;vIdifysHU?
&eHx
Y x
dk ?dk tcsdKtcsOf? vQiftyl? rl
tat;? tawG;tod?
jynfph o
kH
d ? ig\ighu,
dk ?f igrif;ysKdw?k tqkd
txif? tjrifarSmufrmS ;? pdwaf ejcm;?
wHcg;ajcmufpif;? uk,
d v
f ;kH vif;onf?ajcmuf
oif; tm,we pGr;f &nfwnf;/}}

Ahpamada Form - 101

" r & o r * Z if
;

"rmp&d,OD;armifarmifav;

101

csrf;ajrhNrdKifq&mawmf

t&SifEuq&mawmfbk&m;
\

Mo0g' aumufEkwfcsufrsm;
olawmfaumif;wkdY\ 'ge
olawmfaumif;rsm;u tvSL'gejyKw,f qkw
d m
tvSLcHy*k Kd vfawG tqifajyatmif csrf;om atmif
vSLMuwm/ ukd,fusKd;rygbl;/ rdrd&JU tvSL'ge
aMumifhvnf; olwpfyg; rqif;&Jap&? rsuf&nf
BuD;i,f rusap&? b0rysufap&atmif owdxm;
vSLMuw,f/ *kPfyumoeawG? aysmfyGJ&TifyGJawG
NcdrfhNcdrfhoJ usif;yNyD; vSLdk;r&SdMuygbl;/

tusKd;rsm;rsm;&atmif vSLMu
vSL'gef;w,f?ay;urf;w,fqw
kd m aumif;wJh
tvky?f olawmf aumif;awG csD;rGr;f wJh tvkyyf g/
b,fou
Yl Ydk vSLvSL? 'gejzpfwmygyJ/ (tvSLcH wpf
usyd af v;)b,foyYl J ay;ay;'geukov
dk yf gyJ/ 'gayr,fh
tusKd;BuD;oxuf BuD;rm;atmif vSL&ifyadk umif;
ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh oDv? orm"d? ynm ydrk Bdk uD;rm;wJh
olawmfaumif;? oljrwfavmif;awGudk vSL&w,f/
vSLwJt
h cg oHo&m0#fu vGwzf Ydk &nfreS ;f vSL'gef;
&w,f/ avmuDcsrf;omavmufom awmifw
h NyD;
rvSL&ygbl;/ ]]vSLwwfrjS rwf r,fw}hJ }vSL'gef;wwfzYdk
owdxm;Muyg/

Ahpamada Form - 102

" r & o r * Z if
;

,HMk unfraI ESmifBudK;

t&Sify@dw(aA'g&D*lawm&)
vlUavmu? vlrIa&;&m
wGif wpfO;D ESiw
fh pfO;D cspfcif
av;pm;? wefzdk;xm;Muojzihf
rdwfaqGtaygif;toif; jzpfMu
onf/ tjyeftvSef tquf
toG,jf yK cifrif&if;ES;D Muonf/
rdwaf umif;aqGaumif;awG jzpfMu
onf/ vlEiS v
fh cl sif; tjyeftvSef
aus;Zl;jyKMuonf/ vlonf wpf
a,mufwnf;aewwfaom ow0g
r[kw?f taygif;tpk toif;tzGUJ
jzihf aewwfaom ow0gjzpf\[k
qdyk gonf/ odjYk zpf vlUavmu?
vlUb0? vlUbH[
k
l urmBuD;
wGif wpfo;D wjcm; jzpfay:aejcif;
jzpfavonf/

xdkvlUavmu? vlUb0?
vlUbHBk uD;xJwiG f vlwo
Ykd nf wpf
OD;ESiw
fh pfO;D tb,faMumihf twl
wuG aexkdifMuygoenf;/ vl
trsdK;rsdK; pdwftaxGaxG&Sdaomf
vnf; vltrsm;onf vlUbHv
k Ul
avmuBuD;xJwGifyif wpfenf;
r[kwf wpfenf;jzihf qufo,
G f
aygif;oif; aexkdifvsuf&Sdonf/
taMumif;rSm wpfO;D udw
k pfO;D ]vl}
[k ,HMk unfpw
d cf sxm;aomaMumihf
jzpfayonf/vlwidk ;f vlUtaMumif;
udyk if ajymaeMuygonf/ vlU
avmuBuD;wGif vlraI &;&monf
tvGeu
f s,jf yefv
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onfu
h pd u
ykd if ajymajym? qdq
k ?kd

102

jyKrlaqmif&u
G o
f nfjzpfap vlUudp
0dpE iS fh uif;onf[
l r&Sad y/
xdk vlru
I pd t00wdu
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jyKrlvyk af qmifMu&mwGif wpfO;D ESifh
wpfO;D tjyeftvSef xm;&Sad om
,HkMunfrIonf t"duta&;
tygqH;k jzpfavonf/ w&m;Oya'
wGif ,HMk unftyfEaHS &;azmufzsuf
rI[kac:aom jypfrIqkdif&mOya'
yk'fr-406 qdkwm&Sdonf/ vdrf
vnfrI[kac:aom jypfrIqkdif&m
Oya'yk'fr-420 qkdwm&Sdonf/
xdyk 'k rf trIEpS cf w
k iG f vdrv
f nfrI
usL;vGefygu &Jpcef;ujzpfap?
w&m;Hk;ujzpfap ckdifvkHaomol
ESpOf ;D jzihf tcsKyfvw
G f xkacscGifh

Ahpamada Form - 103

tmrcHay;&rnf?,HMk unftyfEaHS &;

azmufzsurf I usL;vGeo
f u
l kd tmrcH
ray;Ekdif[k jy|mef;xm;ygonf/
vdrv
f nfrjI yKoltm; w&m;
Oya'u(od)Yk w&m;H;k u oihw
f ihf
avsmufywfonfh tm;avsmfpGm
avQmah yghpOf;pm; tmrcHay;xm;
&ef cGijfh yKxm;\/ ,HMk unftyfErHS I
azmufzsuo
f t
l m; w&m;Oya'u
(od)Yk w&m;H;k u ,HMk unfrx
I m;&ef
cufcJojzihf tmrcHray;jcif;jzpf
avonf/ ,HMk unfraI zmufzsuf
wwfou
l kd w&m;H;k ESifh w&m;
Oya'u ,HMk unfrrI &Sad omaMumihf
yifjzpfonf/
,HMk unfr[
I al om pum;
vH;k onf vlUbH?k vlUavmuwGif
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avoHcyfjyif;jyif;ESihf cyfxefxef
a&;om;ajymqdo
k nft
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f k oH;k EIe;f wwfygonf/
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" r & o r * Z if
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jyKMuovm;[kvnf; awG;Munfrh d
ygonf/ &[ef;oHCmjzpfraI Mumihf
vm;? bmaMumifv
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d
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103

ygonf/ rdrdudk,frdrdvnf; ,Hk

MunfrI &Sdonf[k ,HkMunfcJhyg
onf/ rdru
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zsufco
hJ nfrsm; &So
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tcg ,HMk unfr\
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wpfpavmufukd vSr;f qG,
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taMumif;aMumifhygvJ/ olYtm;
bk&ifBuD;u ,HkMunfrI&Sdaejcif;
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Ahpamada Form - 104

aeygonf/ bmaMumifh &Sifb&k if

BuD;u olt
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raxmuf?olc;dk BuD;ayyJ[}k }0kid ;f 0ef;

du
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tm; bk&ift
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xkaYd Mumifh oDv,lonf?
oDvapmifo
h nf? Oykoaf pmifo
h nf
[k bmoma&;a0g[m&jzifah jymqkd
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104

Opmck;d jcif;? rkom;rajymjcif;ponfh

tcsufuav;rsm;onf vlwpf
a,mufESifhwpfa,muf tjyef
tvSef ,HMk unfrt
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ta&;ygqH;k aom vkt
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apmifx
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tcsufrsm;onfom ,HkMunfrI?
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jzpfygawmhonf/
Ak'b
momw&m;\ tp
tOD;jzpfaom tao;trTm;[kxif
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wkt
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uGuf rkH Qjzifh ,HMk unfr[
I q
k akd om
vlvcl si;f qufE,
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xde;f tyfaom? apmifx
h ed ;f ygrnf
[k rMumcP awmif;,lavh&Sd
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ponft
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ukd;um;oDv0Dro
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Ahpamada Form - 105

" r & o r * Z if
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105

Ahpamada Form - 106

'Dwpfywfaemufq;kH pum;
pmpkrsm; u@uae ajymjycsif
wmu pdwo
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pum;jzpfygw,f/
pdwol<u,fqkdwm Ak'
omoemawmfrmS Oygoumy&dowf
xJ r S m pH j yKoif h o l w pf a ,muf
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wkid ;f ? rpu
d mo@NrdKUrSm arG;zGm;cJh
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tcg yxr0gwGif ay:xGef;wJh
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" r & o r * Z if
;

wku
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cGNJ y;D omoemjyKvTw&f mrSm yO0*D
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awmfrlvm&mrSm c&D;OD;BudKqkdNyD;
c&D;a&mufrqkduf w&m;emvkd
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w,f/ tem*grfjzpfwhJ tcsdex
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bk&m;zl;oGm;r,fqNdk yD; vku
d v
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c&D;rSm bmrQaMumifhMup&mr&Sd
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,laMumif; aMunmawmh bduK ?
bduKeD? Oyoum? Oygodum
y&dowfppk ak ygif; oH;k axmiftNcH
t&Het
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wJh c&D;ukd wpfaeYwpf,Zl emEIe;f
cefY oGm;a&muf&mrSm ewfawGuyJ

106

em;p&mtoif?h pm;p&mtoifh pDrH

xm;MuygowJ/h om0wNd rKd Ua&muf
rnfh naecsrf;rSm bk&m;&Sifu
t&Sit
f meEmukad c:NyD; rdeaYf wmfrl
ygw,f/tmeEm?,aeY igbk&m;xH
pdwo
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r,f/ ol&cdS ;dk wJh tcsderf mS aumif;
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rdeaYf wmfrx
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xHu Mum;&wJhowif;aMumifh
om0wNd rdKUol? NrdKUom;awG 0rf;
ajrmuf0rf;om NrdKUayguf0uae
BudKqdkaeMuowJh/
bk&m;&Six
f H zl;ajrmfa&muf
vkYd ]wynfah wmf rpu
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Ahpamada Form - 107

eJY oHa,mZed, twlwyl v

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" r & o r * Z if
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f eG f
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a[m'D y&dowfawGev
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qkid af ew,fvYdk bke;f BuD;u xyf
qifh ajymvkyd gw,f/

107

Ak'? "r? oHCtay:rSm

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h ;kH &pfMuygvkYd qkv
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Ahpamada Form - 108

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rlcJhaom bk&m;&Sdckd;jzpfygonf/
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ausmfu bk&m;&Scd ;dk pmrludk &&Sd
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a&TawmifNrdKY usD;oJav;xyfq&mawmfb&k m;BuD;

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108

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Ahpamada Form - 109

aus;Zl;awmfrsm;um; a&wGujf cif;

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vm *kPfawmft&yf&yfukd EIduf
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dS rQ
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&Scd yhJ gonf/ xkaYd Mumifh EIww
f uf
tm*Hkaqmif aeYpOfaeYwkdif;
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q&mBuD; a&;om;jyKpkcJh
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109

q&mBuD;onf jrefrmrIynm&Sif
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wefz;dk ukd tcgtm;avsmfpmG a&;
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jymokv
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wpf orwEkid if ?H qkAd ,
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wpf jynfolYorwEkdifiHrsm;okdY
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Ahpamada Form - 110

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t& rsufpdtm;enf;jcif;? em;
tMum;tmHk cRwf,Gif;jcif;&Sdvm

110

NyDjzpfaomfvnf; usef;rmyuwd
csrf;ompGm&Syd gonf/ q&mBuD;xH
*g&0jyK&efa&mufwkdif;? q&mBuD;
tm; yudPu? erum& tpdaE
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vsuf&o
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q&mBuD;u olUvk&d cdS ;dk yl
aZmfvo
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aom ESpfaygif; (40)ausmfrSpNyD;
vSL'gef;cJo
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cgyif &SdcJhNyD/
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jyK&ef q&mBuD;xH a&mufwkdif;
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csuu
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ac:NrJjzpfyg\/

q&mBuD;\apwem
Ak'b
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bk&m;&Sdckd;pmtkyfukd yHkESdyfvSL'gef;
&ef BuH&,
G pf Ofuyif pmrloefaY p

Ahpamada Form - 111

csifonf/ xkb
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111

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Ahpamada Form - 112

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Ahpamada Form - 114

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116

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a&;t&m uRrf;usifyg;eyfMuol
rsm;yif jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
tZmwowf&&dS modYk t&Sif
a'0'wfu a&mufvmcJhonf/
psmeftbdnmOfwefcdk;jzihf t&Sif
a'0'wfu rdru
d ,
kd u
f kd oli,f
toGif zefqif;NyD; a>ra[muf
uBudK;wefqmjzihf tZmwowf
qDoYkd a&mufvmjcif; jzpfygonf/
xdu
k o
hJ Ykd toGit
f jyifukd jrifvu
dk f
&aom tZmwowfrmS aMumuf
&GUH oGm;cJ&h onf/ xdaYk emuf t&Sif
a'0'wfu rdru
d ,
kd u
f kd oydwf
ouFe;f jzihf tZmwowfukd jriff
awGUapavonf/ omuD0iftrsdK;
tEG,rf S &[ef;jyKcJah om t&Sif
a'0'wfonf tHMh ozG,&f m wefc;kd
'yd g'fEiS fh jynfph o
kH nfukd jrifawGU
&aomtZmwowftzdYk MunfnKd
p&m jzpfomG ;cJyh gonf/ xdaYk emuf
wGif t&Siaf '0'wfuk d tZmwowf
u qnf;uyfNyD; tvkyt
f auR;
jyKavawmhonf/ *,moDo
t&yf ausmif;aqmufvkyfum
t&Sifa'0'wfudk oDwif;oHk;ap
onf/ tZmwowfu aeYpOf
qGr;f td;k ig;&mudk vSL'gef;avonf/
t&Siaf '0'wfonf qGr;f cHrxGuf

" r & o r * Z if
;

&awmhbJ ausmif;yif qGr;f bkO;f

ay;&avonf/ vmbfvmbudk
taMumif;jyK t&Sifa'0'wf\
tNcHt&Hum; wpfaeYwjcm; wd;k
yGm;vmavawmhonf/
xdrk w
S pfzef t&Siaf '0'wf
onf wpfqihNf yD;wpfqihf wuf
vmcJo
h nf/ tZmwowfrif;om;
udk rif;tjzpf&,l&ef vIUH aqmfav
onf/ toifrif;om;taejzihf
oihcf rnf;awmf ewf&mG pHrS oifu
rif;jyK&rnfqdkvQif oihftzdkY
t"dyg ,fr&Sad wmhaMumif;? rif;pnf;
pdr[
f o
l nf EkysdKi,f&,
G pf OfrmS yif
cHpm;xdkufaomt&mjzpfaMumif;?
igu &[ef;a*gwrudk udpj ywf
apNyD; &[ef;rsm;\ acgif;aqmif
vkyrf nf? oifu oihcf rnf;awmf
udk owf &mZN*Kd [fjynfukd odr;f
ydkufpdk;pHawmh[k qdkavonf/
tjzLxnfoabmrsKd ; jzpfaeaom
tZmwowfonf a0zefyidk ;f jcm;
Ekid pf rG ;f r&Scd yhJ gacs/ t&Siaf '0'wf\
wefc;kd t&may: txifBuD; av;
pm;aerdco
hJ nf/ xdaYk Mumifv
h nf;
zcrnf;awmfukd ud,
k w
f idk o
f wf&ef
BudK;pm;av\/ odaYk omf zcrnf;
awmf Adro
d m&rif;BuD;u odaom
tcg tjypfr,l&mS bJ om;awmf
vdck sifaom rif;pnf;pdru
f kd tyf
ESif;ay;cJhavonf/
aumufuspo
f w
l \
Ykd tw
um; aMumufrufz,
G af umif;vGe;f
vSay\/ t&Sifa'0'wfu
twkid ;f qdv
k Qif toifrif;om;\
eef;pnf;pdrfonf t&SnftMum
wnfrnfr[kwfaMumif;? oif
rif;om;\ pdwaf jy&eftvdiYk mS ay;

120

tyfxm;jcif;omjzpfaMumif;?toif
rif;om; qEjynfh0NyD[k xif&
aomwpfaeYwiG f oihx
f rH S xD;eef;
udk jyefvnf &,lvdrfhrnfjzpf
aMumif;? xkdYaMumihf tjrpfjywf
onftxd vkyfrSjzpfrnf[k qdk
jyefavonf/ tZmwowfu
zcrnf;awmfukd rdrt
d aejzihf rdr\
d
vufeufjzihf rowfxu
kd af Mumif;
qdak v\/ xdt
k cg t&Siaf '0'wf
u tpmtm[m&jzwf owf&ef
enf;vrf;ay;avonf/
t&Siaf '0'wf\ TeMf um;
enf;vrf;ay;onft
h wkid ;f tZm
wowfonf Adro
d m&rif;BuD;tm;
tusOf;csxm;vkdufonf/ wpf
qufwnf;yif rdr\
d r,fawmf
BuD;rSwpfyg; tjcm;rnforl Qr0if&
[k trdefYxkwfjyefav\/ r,f
awmfuvnf; a&Tcu
G f yGaJ wmf
pmudk xnf
h tusOf;axmifoYkd
0if\/ xdyk aJG wmfpmjzihf rif;BuD;u
touf&iS &f onf/xdt
k aMumif;udk
tZmwowfu odaomtcg
r,fawmftm; wpfpw
kH pf&m udik f
aqmif r0ifap&[k wm;jrpfav
onf/ r,fawmfonfvnf; yGJ
awmfpmudk qHx;kH xnfo
h iG ;f vsuf
0ifjyef\/ xdkowif;udk tZm
wowfu odjyefaomtcg r,f
awmfukd qHx;kH xH;k r0if&ef wm;
jrpfav\/ wpfzef r,fawmfonf
a&Tajceif; yGJawmfpmudk xnfh
oGi;f txufrS ydwq
f NYkd yD; a&T
ajceif;jzihf 0ifjyefonf/ xdktcg
vnf; tZmwowfuodaomf
a&Tajceif; pD;0ifcGihfudk ydwfyif
vdu
k o
f nf/ r,fawmfonfvnf;

Ahpamada Form - 121

d
ppfrSefaom
tm;udk;&monfum;
rdrdwdkY\
teD;yif&Sdyg\/
rdrdwdkY\
twGif;oEmef
udef;atmif;apEkdifyg\/
xdktm;udk;rSD0J&monf
bk&m;? w&m;?
oHCmyif jzpfyg\/

" r & o r * Z if
;

eHo
Y mwdjYk zihf a&csdK;NyD;rS ud,
k u
f kd
pwkr"krsm;jzihf vdrf;usHvsuf 0if
&avonf/ rif;BuD;onfvnf;
rdzk&m;BuD;\ udk,fudkvsufum
toufrQw&avonf/taMumif;
pHu
k kd odaomtcg tZmwowf
onf r,fawmftm; tusOf;
axmifoYkd 0ifciG u
fh kd vH;k 0wm;jrpf
vdkufavawmhonf/
Adrdom&rif;BuD;onf
tpmtm[m& r&Sad wmhaomfvnf;
r*fzdkvfcsrf;omjzihf pBuavQmuf
vsuf rQwawmfryl gonf/ xdt
k cg
tZmwowfonf tb,foYkd jzpf
avovJ[k ar;jref;av\/
rif;BuD;onfum; pBuomG ;jcif;jzihf
rQwNyD; udk,fawmfonfvnf;
awmufyjcif;jzpfaMumif;udk od&
awmhonf/wGif qwmonfukd
ac:apNyD; oifwkef;jzihf ajcz0g;
wdu
Yk kd cGaJ pvsuf qm;cwfaomqD
jzihf vdr;f usHaponf/ xdaYk emuf
&Sm;rD;wdjYk zihf uifapavmh[k trdeYf
ay;\/ xdt
k cg rif;BuD;onf
BuD;pGmaom qif;&Ja0'emjzpf&yg
onf/ odkYaomfvnf; &wem
oHk;yg;wdkY\*kPfudk atmufarh
vsuf pwkr[m&mZfewfjynf
a00Pfewfrif;BuD;\ tvkyf
tauR;tjzpf Ze0ob trnf&dS
ewfom;jzpfomG ;cJyh gonf/Adro
d m&
rif;BuD; ewf&mG pHomG ;onfah eYyif
tZmwowfwiG v
f nf; om;awmf
wpfyg; xGe;f um;cJah vonf/
tZmwowf\ vufxJ
wGif &mZN*dK[fjynfBuD; &SdaecJhacs
Ny/D odaYk omf rif;pnf;pdr[
f o
l nfukd
r&Snrf Mum cHpm;&cdu
k rf mS yif tZm

121

wowfwiG f tdyrf ufq;kd rsm; ruf

vmcJh&ygonf/ q&mjzpfaom
t&Sifa'0'wf ajrrsdKoGm;NyD[k
Mum;odcJh&NyD; aemufydkif;wGif rdrd
rSm wnf&mrJh jzpfvmcJhonf/
t&Siaf '0'wf\ tvdt
k & emVm
*D&q
d ifukd rdru
d toH;k cscGifh ay;
cJo
h nf/ bk&m;&Sit
f m; t&Sif
a'0'wfu av;orm;rsm;jzihf
txifvaJG tmif vkyBf uHcidk ;f rnfukd
rdrdu rod&SdcJhaomfvnf; av;
orm; oH;k usdyw
f pfa,mufwu
Ykd kd
rdru
d ac:,lay;cJo
h nf/ xdx
Yk uf
zcrnf;awmf aomwmyefy*k Kd vfukd
ol\ enf;vrf;ay;rIjzihf rdrdu
owfrNd y;D cJah vNy/D tjypfukd tjypf
rSe;f yDyo
D o od&csdew
f iG f tZm
wowfrmS wkev
f yI af csmufcsm;um
aeae&awmhonf/
tbudo
k wfrad om ydwk
CmwuuH xku
d cf ahJ vNyD/ tZm
wowfonf rtdyEf idk ?f rpm;Ekid f
jzpf&onf/ pdwaf jcmufvefY zdp;D rI
rsm;jzihf wa&GUa&GUtcsdefudk ukef
vGefap&onf/ rif;cpm;jzpfaom
rdwaf qGppf ZD0u\ tultnD
taxmuftyHah Mumihf aemufq;kH
wGif jrwfpGmbk&m;a&SUarSmufodkY
tZmwowf a&mufc&hJ ygonf/
bk&m;&Siu
f &[ef;jyKjcif;\ rsuf
arSmuftusKd ;rsm;?ygPmwdygwmrS
a&SmifMuOfjcif;rsm;? plVoDvESihf
jynfph jkH cif;udk rsufarSmuf&[ef;jyK
usdK;rsm;[k a[mawmfrl\/ xdkY
aemuf rZsdroDv? r[moDv?
NE,
d oH0&oDv? owdorZOf?
a&mif&h v
J ,
G jf cif; oaEmow&m;?
eD0&Pw&m;rsm;udk y,fowfjcif;?
xdw
k iG rf S yxrpsmef? 'kw,
d psmef?

Ahpamada Form - 122

wwd,psmef? pwkwp smef? 0dy

emmPf? 'dAp uKmPf? tmo
0u,mPf tusdK;w&m;rsm;udk
tpOf t wk d i f ; a[mMum;awmf r l
avonf/
tZmwowf jyefoGm;
aomtcgwGif bk&m;&Siu
f &[ef;
rsm;udk rif;onfum; tzsuf
tqD;cHc&hJ avNy?D tu,f crnf;
awmfukd rowfjim;th?H ae&m
wGiyf if w&m;tjrif& aomwm
yefjzpf&mayw,f[k rdeaYf wmfryl g
avonf/ tZmwowfonf
r*fzdkvf&Ekdifol jzpfygaomfvnf;
taygif;rSm;rdjcif;? q&mwifrI rSm;
,Gi;f cJjh cif;aMumihf ydwC
k mwuuH
udk xdkufchJ&avonf/ xdk uH
aMumihyf if avm[ukriD &J tESpf
ajcmufaomif; uscH&avonf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;\xHawmf o&P*Hk
aqmufwnfciG &hf cJah om ukov
kd \
f
axmufrrIaMumifh r[mt0Dpid &JoYkd
rusa&muf&bJ avm[ukriD &J
om usc&H jcif;yif jzpfygonf/ (xdk
i&JrS vGwaf jrmufcv
hJ Qif 0dZw
d m0D
trnf&Sd yapuAk'gtjzpfjzihf
y&dedAmefpH0ifrnf jzpfygonf/)
txufyg taMumif;ESpcf k
wGif taygif;rSm; q&mrSm;jzihf qHk
cJ&h aom okE&ED iS hf tZmwowf
wd\
Yk tjzpfrsm;u xif&mS ;apyg
onf/ avmuvlom;rsm;\ ajym
qdkrIrsm;vnf; &Sdyg\/ taygif;
toif;aMumihf *kPyf sufjcif; &Sd
ovdk? taygif;toif;aMumifh
*kPw
f ufjcif;vnf; jzpfygonf/
avmu rdwaf qGaumif; r&&Sd
aomfvnf; rdr\
d b0 ysupf ;D oGm;
rnfr[kwfyg/ rdrd\b0twGuf

" r & o r * Z if
;

rdwfaqGaumif; r&Sdjcif;aMumihf
tusdK;pD;yGm;t&m wdk;wufrI
aES;auG;aumif; aES;auG;Ekdifrnf
jzpfaomfvnf; b0twGuf tE
&m,fawmh r&SEd idk yf gacs/ rdwaf qG
qdk;? q&mqdk;rsm;jzihfom aygif;
oif;rI rSm;cJv
h Qif ,ckb0om
r[kwb
f J oHo&mtwGuyf g ysuf
pD;oGm;rnfom jzpfygonf/
okE& o
D nfvnf;aumif;?
tZmwowfonfvnf;aumif;
ppfrSefaomrdwfaqG? taygif;
tazmf? q&morm;wdjYk zihf qHak wGU
cJ&h ygu olwo
Ykd nf xl;jcm;aom
xl;jrwfaom yk*Kd vfrsm;tjzpfukd
&&SdMuayrnf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ESihf
OD;pGmqHck &hJ ygu avmuoHo&mrS
vGwfajrmufEkdifolrsm; jzpfoGm;yg
rnf/ ,ckaomf taygif;rSm;?
q&mrSm;jzihf tm;udk;rIrSm;,Gif;cJh
aomaMumihf ysupf ;D jcif;odYk a&muf
cJhMu&avonf/
rnfonfh tcsdefumv
wGirf qdk avmutjcif;t&mtae
jzihf tqd;k taumif;wdo
Yk nf wGJ
pyfvsuf&adS eygrnf/ vlUabmif
avmu\ tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;twGi;f
aexkdifrIrsm; wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD;
qufqH&mwGif aumif;olESihf
raumif;olrsm;vnf; &Sdaernf
om jzpfygonf/ od&Yk mwGif rdr\
d
tawG;tjrifrmS ;jzihf raumif;ol?
raygif;oif;xdkufolESifh raygif;rd
ap&ef ud,
k w
f idk f owdxm;&rnf
yif/ taygif;rSm;,Gif;rIqdk&mwGif
rdru
d ,
kd w
f idk Ef iS v
fh nf; ywfoufyg
\/ taygif;toif;ESiv
fh nf; ouf
qkid yf g\/ rdrq
d ufq&H aom ywf
0ef;usiv
f nf; yg0ifywfoufyg\/

122

rsufarSmuftaetxm;
vlraI &;taygif;toif;rSm;vQif
*kPo
f u
d m ESifh tusipfh m&dw ysuf
pD;Ekid o
f uho
J Ykd pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ywf
ouf taygif;rSm;? tm;udk;rI
rSm;vQif aiGaMu;? Opm"ewdkY
ysufpD;qHk;IH;&rnfrSm {uefjzpfyg
onf/ tZmwowfonf rdrjd yKcJh
aom trSm;aMumihyf if ]twmEk
0g'ab;}[k ac:qdak om rdru
d ,
kd f
rdrd pGypf aJG omab; (ig[m crnf;
awmfukd owfrcd yhJ ga&mvm;? ig
[m raumif;rIukd jyKrdcahJ vNy)D jzihf
pdwaf omu zdp;D rIukd rsufarSmuf
b0yif 'd|"rtusdK;udk cHpm;cJ&h
avonf/ aygif;oif;xdu
k ?f tm;
ud;k xku
d o
f l rSm;,Gi;f cJah omaMumihf
wrvGet
f wGuyf g oHo&mtqk;d
usifvnf&awmhonf/
ppfrSefaom tm;udk;&m
onfum; rdrw
d \
Ykd teD;yif&ydS g
\/ rdrw
d \
Ykd twGi;f oEmef ude;f
atmif;apEkdifyg\/ xdktm;udk;rSD0J
&monf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmyif
jzpfyg\/ jrwfpmG bk&m;\ oGeo
f if
csufrsm;t&w&m;awmfrsm;&Sad eyg
onf/ rsufjrifqnf;uyfrt
I &m
oHCm&Sad eygonf/ ukov
kd w
f &m;
rsm;\t&if;cHjzpfaom tavmb?
ta'go? tarm[rsm;udk &Sio
f ef
zGUH NzKd ;atmif avhusijfh yKpkysKd ;axmif
vsuf tm;udk;&m tppftrSef?
aygif;oif;&ef rdwfaqGaumif;?
yJhjyifrI q&maumif;rsm;jzihf qHk
awGUEkid &f ef BudK;pm;tm;xkwt
f yf
ygonf/

t&Sifokre(a&T*l)

Ahpamada Form - 123

" r & o r * Z if
;

taqGcifyGef;udk
ylaZmfyg
ausmfvIdif
BuD;olukd dak o?
&G,w
f u
l kd av;pm;?
i,fou
l kd oem;?
[laom jrefpmpum; &So
d nf/ xdk
pum;t&ud,
k x
fh uf BuD;olukd BuD;
olrYkd dak o&onf/
ud,
k Ef iS fh wef;wl&,
G w
f l
udv
k nf; wef;wl&,
G w
f rl Ykd av;pm;
&onf/
ud,
k ahf tmuf i,fou
l kd
usawmh i,forl Ykd oem;&onf/
odYk usihBf uHaexkid o
f l

tzdYk trsm;wum dak orI? av;

pm;rI? oem;MuifemrI cH&rnfjzpf
ygonf/
tcsdKUtcsdKUaom yk*dKvf
wdkYrSm ]igESihfigom EIdif;p&m}[k
xifaeMuNyD; rdbudyk if rdak o?
axmfavmfuefv
Y eYv
f yk o
f nf/ rdb
udak wmif rdak oolonf tjcm;
rnfoUl udrk sm; vlxifox
l ifygtHh
enf;/ jrif-odae&aom t&m&Sd
wpfa,muf&ydS gonf?olUtdraf xmif
zufu vkyif ef;tuGuaf umif;udk
eif;rdxm;ojzihf pD;yGm;a&; awmihf

123

wif;aeonf? xdkaMumihfvnf;
olu rmeaxmifonf/
rdbudk rdak ool? rav;
pm;ol uHBuD;xdu
k rf nf? rBuD;yGm;
wwf[al om tqdu
k kd olu vuf
rcH? ]igvnf; rdbudk jyefajymwm
yJ? rdbudk rdrk ao vkyw
f myJ?
ck igcsrf;omaew,f}[k ajymif
ajymif a<u;aMumfaeygonf/
em&'ZmwfawmfxJu tvmw
ppfolBuD;vdk t,lrSm;aeonf?
a&S;b0u owfrjI zwfrI raumif;rI
vkyfcJhonfhtwGuf ,ckb0rSm
ppfolBuD; jzpf&onf[k olu
,HMk unf,q
l aeonf? ,ckt&m&Sd
url BuD;yGm;csrf;omjcif;onf
rdbudk dak ojcif;? rdak ojcif;ESihf
rqdik [
f k xify&kH onf? odYk xif
p&mjzpfatmifvnf; tajctaeu
ay;aeonf? ,cktcg vuf&Sd
&mxl;xuf tqihyf if rjrifah omf
vnf; tkycf sKyfa&;ydik ;f wGif ,cif
uxuf MoZmt&Sdeft0g wuf
vmonf? Hk;0efxrf;trsm;pkrSm
olUatmufucsnf; jzpfonf/ ol
odkY t&Sdeftawmf&Sdvmav
0efxrf;xku aMumufav?&GUH av?
&GaH v jzpfvmonf/
olUtzdYk oem;p&maumif;
onfrSm vufatmufi,fom;
0efxrf;rSeo
f rQu olUudk rav;
pm;Mujcif;yif jzpfygonf/ t&m&Sd
tcsi;f csi;f uvnf; rvTo
J mvdo
Yk m
qufqaH e&onf? olUudak wmh
csOfMuonf? &GHMuonf/ vuf
atmufi,fom;wkdif;u olESihf
rsuEf mS csi;f qkid &f rSm aMumufonf?
olESihfqdkvQif b,folrQ pum;

Ahpamada Form - 124

[[ rajymcsif / ol u vnf ;
b,foUl udrk Q vlrxif? atmuf
vufi,fom;udq
k v
kd Qif &efov
l kd
qufqHonf/ BuD;BuD;i,fi,f
ra&G; eifwpfv;kH igwpfv;kH ESirfh Ykd
tcsdKUqdkvQif olUvufu vGwf
vQif NyD;a&m[k oabmxm;um
vkyfief;cGifrS apmapmpD;pD;yif
tNidr;f pm;,lomG ;olyif &So
d nf/
rdbudyk if rdak ool jzpf
&um; ud,
k t
fh xuft&m&Su
d ykd if
ycHk;csif;,SOfygonf/ odkYqdkvQif
&G,fwl wef;wlwdkYtay: vuf
atmufi,fom;wdt
Yk ay: tb,f
rSmvQif av;pm;rI? oem;rI &Sdyg
rnfenf;? ol\tajctaeudk NcKH
qd&k vQif qufqaH &;kid ;f onf[k
rSwfcsufcs&ygrnf/
okYd dik ;f &onft
h jzpf?
rvdrrf monft
h jzpfrmS
rdbudk
jypfrmS ;onf?h BuD;olukd rdak o
onft
h jypfwnf;[laom rdw' rk d
uHBuD;Nidae jzpfygonf/ odYk
uHBuD;Nidojzihf olUcrsm uvsmP
rdw- rdwaf umif;aqGaumif;r&&Sm?
olUudk rnforl Q taygif;toif;
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