Answer Seminar Chemistry 2011 (Paper 2) 1. (a) i.

proton, neutron and electron

ii. 2.1 iii. 1

(b) i.

Y and Z

ii. because Y and Z has same proton number but different nucleon number//has same number of protons but different number of neutrons

(c) Iii. Because the energy absorb is used to overcome the

forces of attraction between the naphthalene molecules

2. (a) i.

polymer is a large molecule made up of many monomer which are covalently bonded

ii. Polyvinyl chloride pipe does not rust, iron pipe rust

iii

(b) i. Ii

Steel bar reinforced concrete is stronger than concrete

(c) i. because glass is chemically inert/chemically unreactive ii. silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide iii. fused glass/ borosilicate glass

(d)

Roof tile/ bricks

3. (a)
(b)

Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu 100 x 4.2 x 20 = 8400J or 8.4kJ (teacher forget to provide temperature, initial temperature = 25oC, highest temperature = 45oC, specific heat capacity = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1) MV/1000 = 0.1 mol 84kJ/mol (please change the magnesium to zinc)

(c) (d)

(e)

(f)

because small amount of heat energy loss to surrounding //small amount of heat energy absorbed by apparatus such as thermometer and plastic cup.

4. (a) (b) (c)

hydrogen gas Zn + 2H+ Zn2+ + H2 size of zinc powder is smaller, this increase the surface area exposed to collision, frequency of collision increase, so that frequency of effective collision increase, rate of reaction is higher.

(d)

sulphuric acid is diprotic acid, one mol of sulphuric acid produce two mol of hydrogen ion. When the concentration of hydrogen ion is higher, frequency of collision increase, frequency of effective collision increase, rate of reaction is higher.

(e)

5. (a)

zinc ion

(b) (i) oxygen gas (ii) nitrogen dioxide gas

(c)

anion is nitrate ion, NO3-. 2cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid and 2 cm3 of Iron (II) sulphate solultion is added into solution of salt K in a test tube, following by a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid is added down the side of test tube, brown ring formed.

(d) (e) (f) i.

solid Q is yellow when hot and white when cold 2Zn(NO3)2 2ZnO + 4NO2 + O2 sodium carbonate//potassium carbonate//ammonium carbonate Aqueous solution of salt K solution
Solution T

Insoluble carbonate salt

ii. double decomposition

6. (a) i.

Allow movement of ions to complete electric circuit

ii. from direction of potassium iodide solution to bromine water iii. colourless to brown iv. 2I- I2 + 2e v. bromine water vi. 0 to -1 (b) i. provide/produce oxygen gas to react with metal X, Y and Iron. ii. X : zinc Y : magnesium iii. glows brightly and produce a brown powder iv. iron, X, Y

7. (a) i.

Y + Z2 YZ2

ii. -high melting and boiling point -soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvent -conduct electricity in molten and aqueous state

(b)

-group 17 and period 3 -electron arrangement is 2.8.7 -number of valence electron is 7 -3 shells filled with electrons

(c) i.

-Electron arrangement for atom X is 2.4 -Atom X (2.4) needs 4 electrons to achieved stable octet electron arrangement, -So atom X contributes 4 valence electrons to share with 2 Q atoms. -Electron arrangement for atom Q is 2.6 -Atom Q (2.6) needs 2 electrons to achieve stable octet electron arrangement -So, each atom Q contributes 2 valence electrons to share with X atom. -Atom X and 2 atoms Q attracted by using covalent bond -A covalent compound with chemical formula XQ2 is formed -draw electron arrangement of XQ2 -Electron arrangement for atom Y is 2.8.2 -Atom Y donates 2 valence electrons to achieved stable octet electron arrangement. -Electron arrangement for atom Z is 2.8.7 -Each of atom Z receives one electron to achieved stable octet electron arrangement. -Ion Y2+ and ions Z- are attracted together by using strong electrostatic force (ionic bond) -Ionic compound YZ2 formed. -draw electron arrangement of YZ2

ii.

8. (a) i.

hydrocarbon is a molecule containing carbon and hydrogen element only ii. -saturated hydrocarbon contain only carbon-carbon single bond//saturated hydrocarbon has maximum number of hydrogen atoms -unsaturated hydrocarbon contain at least one carboncarbon double bond//unsaturated hydrocarbon is not bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms iii. -pour butane into a test tube -add a few drops of bromine water into the test tube and shake -repeat the steps 1 and 2 by using butane -butene decolourised the brown bromine and butane shows no change. OR -pour butane into a test tube -add a few drops of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution into the test tube and shake -repeat the steps 1 and 2 by using butane -butene decolourised the purple acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution and butane shows no change. iv.

v. reagent : hydrogen gas condition : 180oC, 1 atm, nickel catalyst (b) i. -bacteria in latex produce lactic acid -hydrogen ions from lactic acid neutralize the negative charged of protein membrane of latex -rubber particles collide each other and cause protein membrane of latex break up -rubber polymers combine together to form large lump of rubber polymer which then precipitate out of latex. ii. - alkali provides hydroxide ion (OH-) -hydroxide ion neutralise hydrogen ion (H+) produced by lactic acid from bacteria. -Rubber particles remain negatively charged and hence rubber polymer cannot combine and coagulate

9. (a) i.

cell P : electrolytic cell Cell Q : voltaic cell//chemical cell //simple cell ii. anode half equation : Cu Cu2+ + 2e observation : copper electrode dissolves//become thinner cathode half equation : Cu2+ + 2e Cu observation : brown solid deposited at copper electrode//become thicker iii. negative terminal//anode half equation : Mg Mg2+ + 2e observation : magnesium electrode dissolves//become thinner positive terminal//cathode half equation : Cu2+ + 2e Cu observation : brown solid deposited at copper electrode//become thicker iv. diagram for electrolytic cell (cell P) and simple cell (cell Q)

(b)

chemicals : iron key, silver plate, 1.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution Procedure 1. The iron key is polished with sandpaper 2. Two-third of a beaker is filled with 1.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution. 3. The silver plate is connected to the positive terminal of battery as anode 4. The iron key is connected to the negative terminal of battery as cathode 5. The switch is turned on, a 0.5A current is adjusted using rheostat. 6. The iron key is rotated slowly after the current is turned on 7. The current is turned off after 30 minutes. Chemical equation Anode : Ag Ag+ + e

Cathode: Ag+ + e Ag Observation Anode : silver plate dissolves//become thinner Cathode: shiny grey solid deposited at iron key 10. (a) part X : hydrophobic part Part Y: hydrophilic part Part X soluble in grease but insoluble in water Part Y soluble in water but insoluble in grease. -Hard water consists of calcium ions and magnesium ions. -In Experiment I, soap ions react with magnesium ions and calcium -ions in hard water to form scum -This reduces the amount of soap ions available for cleansing. -In Experiment II, detergent ions do not form scum in hard water, -Detergent ions form soluble substance with magnesium ions and calcium ions in hard water. -Detergent is more effective than soap in hard water, detergent is more suitable as a cleansing agent to remove stain in hard water patient X : analgesic Patient Y : antibiotic Patient Z : psychotherapeutic medicines take after meal/food// swallowed with plenty of water because the medicine irritates the lining of stomach and cause bleeding -to make sure all the bacteria are killed -Otherwise, the bacteria may immune/resistant to the antibiotic, the antibiotic become not effective -The patient may become ill again -Patient needs stronger antibiotic to fight the same infection

(b)

(c)

(d) i

ii

iii Drowsiness and poor coordination

Answer Seminar Chemistry 2011 (Paper 3) 1. (a) test test test test tube tube tube tube 1 2 3 4 : : : : Iron nail iron nail iron nail iron nail rust slow, iron (II) ion is present rust fast, iron (II) ion is present does not rust, iron (II) ion is absent does not rust, iron (II) ion is absent

(b) In test tube 2, iron nail rust, iron (II) ion is present, so shows blue colouration in agar solution In test tube 3, iron nail does not rust, iron (II) ion is absent, so no blue colouration formed. (c) When iron nail in contact with more electropositive metal, the metal inhibit the rusting of iron nail. When iron nail in contact with less electropositive metal, the metal speed up the rusting of iron nail. (d) Manipulated : type of metal in contact with iron nail Responding : intensity of blue colouration//intensity of blue and pink colouration//rusting of iron nail Constant : Iron nail (e) rusting occur when iron nail in contact with copper or without contact with any metal in agar solution containing potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) and phenolphthalein, blue colour formed. (f) Metals that inhibit rusting Magnesium, zinc (g) copper, iron, zinc, magnesium Metals that speed up rusting copper

(h) to test the presence of iron (II) ion in agar (i) -using protective coating such as oils, grease and paints. -tin plating

-galvanising (j) i. the longer the time taken, the greater the amount of rust formed ii. less than 5 days

2. (a) to compare the heat of combustion of methanol, ethanol and propanol. (b) manipulated : Responding : Constant : type of alcohols//methanol, ethanol, propanol heat of combustion of alcohols copper can//volume of water

(c) when the number of carbon atom per molecule increase, the heat of combustion increase (d) ethanol, propanol, butanol, 200cm3 distilled water, 100cm3 measuring cylinder, copper can, tripod stand, thermometer, electronic balance, windshield, lamp (e) -200cm3 of distilled water is measured and pour into copper can. -initial temperature of distilled water is recorded. -the copper can is placed on tripod stand -a lamp is filled with methanol and its mass is measured and recorded. -A windshield is placed and the lamp is lighted immediately -Adjust the lamp with a wooden block to make sure the flame from the burning methanol touches the bottom of the copper can. - The water is stirred throughout the experiment -When the temperature of water increases by 30oC, the flame is put off and the highest temperature reached by the water is recorded -the mass of the lamp and its contents is weighed immediately and recorded. -repeat steps 1 to 9 by using ethanol and propanol. (f)

Alcohol Initial temperature of distilled water/oC Highest temperature of distilled water/ oC Temperature rise/ o C Mass before burning/g Mass after burning/g Mass of alcohol burnt/g Heat of combustion/kJ mol-1 Must show

methanol

ethanol

Propanol